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CURRICULUM VITAE FOR HOWARD T. ODUM
1. Short Vitae
2. Chronological Record of Experience
3. List of Publications
4. List of Grants and Contracts
5. List of Graduate Students and Theses;
Visiting Scholars and Research Associates
6. Summary and Contributions 1951-1977
HOWARD T. ODUM E-mail: htoeco@aol.com
Graduate Research Professor, Emeritus
Environmental Engineering Sciences, and Center for Environmental Policy
424 Black Hall, P.O. Box 116450
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6450
Phone: 352-392-0847; Fax: 352-392-3076
Home Phone: 352-378-8172; Home Fax : 352-373-5808
Born: Sept. 1, 1924, Durham, NC, USA; Married: Virginia Wood Odum (died 1972); Two
children: Frances Ann Odum, Mary Louise Odum Logan; Remarried 1973: Elisabeth Chase
Odum
1941-43, 1946-47 University of North Carolina, AB Zoology
1943-44 Air Force Meterology, and Institute of Tropical Meteorology, San Juan, P.R.
1951 Yale University, Ph.D. Zoology (Biogeochemistry of Strontium)
1945-46 Meteorology Instructor, AAF Tropical Weather School, Howard Field, Panama
1950-54 Assistant Professor, Biology, Univ. of Florida
1954-56 Assistant Professor, Duke Univ. and Duke Marine Lab, Eniwetok Marine Lab
1956-63 Director, Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas (Univ. of Texas, Austin)
1963-66 Chief Scientist, Terrestrial Ecology, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Univ. of P.R.
1966-70 Professor of Botany, Zoology, & Env. Sci & Eng. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
1970-96 Graduate Research Professor, Environmental Eng. Sciences, Univ. of Fla.
1973-91 Director, Center for Wetlands, Univ. of Florida.
1978 Erskine Fellow, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
1983 Research Associate, Int. Inst. for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
1985-86 Visiting Professor, LBJ School of Public Affairs, Univ. of Texas, Austin
1991- Director, Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville
Elected member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Amer. Meteorol. Soc. (Prof member);
AAAS (fellow); President 1992, Int. Soc. for the Systems Sciences
Awards:
Phi Beta Kappa; George Mercer Award; Prize, Institute de la Vie 1976; Distinguished Service,
Univ. of North Carolina; Distinguished Service, Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci; Univ. of Florida
Presidential Medal; Distinguished Service, Univ. of Puerto Rico; Crafoord Prize, Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences; Honorary Editor of Ecological Engineering J.; Honorary Doctor of
Science, Ohio State University 1996; Assoc. editor, Energy
300+ Publications; Books:
1954, 1964. (in collaboration with Eugene P. Odum) Fundamentals of Ecology. Saunders.
1969. (with B.J. Copeland, and E.A. McMahan) Coastal Ecological Systems of the United
States. FWPCA and Conservation Foundation, Wash. D.C., 1974. 4 Vols., 1300 pp.
1970. ed. (with R.F. Pigeon) A Tropical Rain Forest. Division of Technical Information,
Atomic Energy Commission, Wash. D.C., 1600 pp.
1971. Environment, Power and Society. John Wiley, NY, 336 pp.
1976, 1981. (with E.C. Odum) Energy Basis for Man and Nature. McGraw Hill, NY, 331 pp.
1983. Systems Ecology: An Introduction. John Wiley, NY, 644 pp.
1985. ed. (with K. Ewel) Cypress Swamps. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 472 pp.
1993. (with R.J. Beyers) Ecological Microcosms. Springer-Verlag, NY, 555 pp.
1994. Ecological and General Systems (reprint of Sys. Ecol.), Univ. Press of Colorado, 644 pp.
1996. Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Decision Making. John Wiley, NY, 370 pp.
1998. (with E.C. Odum, and M.T. Brown) Environment and Society in Florida. Lewis Pubi.,
Boca Raton, FL, 449 pp.
1999. ed. (with B.D.V. Marino) Biosphere 2, Research Past and Present. Elsevier, 358 pp.
2000. (with E.C. Odum) Modeling for All Scales, Intro. to Simulation. Academic Press, CA,
458 pp.
2000. (with 8 coauthors) Heavy Metals and Wetlands. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 3205 pp.
2001. (with E.C. Odum) A Prosperous Way Down. Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder, 323 pp.
Research and Teaching Specialties: Systems ecology, biogeochemistry, ecological economics,
ecological engineering, environmental valuation and policy.
CURRICULUM VITAE FOR HOWARD T. ODUM
2. EXPERIENCE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
1924
Born September 1, 1924, Durham, North Carolina.
1924-41
Raised in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, attending Chapel Hill Grammar School
and Chapel Hill High School.
1941-43
Student, University of North Carolina.
Laboratory Assistant, Department of Chemistry.
1943-46
U. S. Air Force, Private-Cadet-Lieutenant.
Volunteered in 1943 for meteorological program of the U. S. Air Force.
Spring, AAF basic training, Miami Beach, Florida.
Summer, premeteorology course, math, physics, AAF detachment at University
of North Carolina.
Cadet-Meteorology, Chanute Field, Illinois, finished 29 of 391-2nd Lieutenant.
Base weather forecaster, Camp MacCall.
September-October, Institute of Tropical Meteorology, operated by the
University of Chicago with University of Puerto Rico in Rio Piedras,
Puerto Rico.
Duty with Hurricane Advisory Office in West Palm Beach, Florida and
hurricane flights.
Winter, forecaster at Laurinburg-Maxton AAF Base.
Spring, 1944, Instructor, U. S. AAF Tropical Weather School, Technical
Training Command, Howard Field, Canal Zone specialty-air mass soundings.
Field research trips Curacao, Dominica, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Cuba
and the Galapagos Islands.
Discharge, January 1946, Chanute Field, Illinois.
1946-47
Returned to University of North Carolina, major in Zoology, minor
concentrated in Chemistry.
Coeditor of "The Season for North Carolina" in Audubon Magazine.
Undergraduate teaching assistant, summer 1946.
AB degree in Zoology, Phi Beta Kappa, June 1947.
Invertebrate and embryology courses at Woods Hole, summer 1947.
Resigned University of North Carolina graduate fellowship to go to Yale.
Married Virginia W. Odum, September 6, 1947.
1947-50
Graduate student, Yale University, major in Zoology, minors concentrated
in earth science.
Summer 1948, research assistant to Dr. David Frey, sediment research on
Bay Lakes of North Carolina.
Graduate teaching assistant, 1947-48.
Christmas 1950, honorable mention, AAAS prize.
February 1950, collector of invertebrates on the Albatross III on two
cruises of North Carolina coast.
September 1950, resigned Sterling Fellowship to take Florida position.
Completed final oral October 1950.
Dissertation: The Biogeochemistry of Strontium.
Ph.D. degree awarded June 1951.
1950-54
Assistant Professor of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Taught general biology and limnology.
Served on about two dozen graduate committees.
Co-director, M.S. theses of W. C. Sloan and Kirk Strawn.
1953-56, elected member-at-large of the Executive Committee of American
Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
Summer 1953, instructor in invertebrates, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Guest lectures, Oceanographic Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
Grants from Florida Geological Survey, Office of Naval Research and
Florida Red Tide Investigations.
Summer 1954, research project on coral reefs at Eniwetok under AEC auspices
through University of Georgia and University of Hawaii.
1954-56
Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Duke University.
Taught general biology, limnology, embryology, and oceanography.
Summer 1955, research on Florida Springs for University of Florida.
Summer 1956, Duke Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, oceanography
course.
Guest lectures, North Carolina State College, Duke University, Sigma Xi.
Masters students, Mary Ann Robinson and Charles Hoskin, NSF Grant.
1956-63
Director, Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, Texas, a research
division of the University of Texas (Austin).
Graduate advisor in Marine Science.
Lecturer in the Department of Zoology.
Courses in limnology, invertebrates, general marine science.
George Mercer Award for Research Paper in Ecology, 1957.
Research Scientist.
Editor of annual scientific volume "Publications Institute of Marine Science".
Member of Editorial Board, A. Soc. Limnol. & Oceanogr., 1957-59.
Member of Editorial Board of Ecology, 1958-60.
Member of Building Committee and Publications Committee of the Main
University at Austin.
Director of Advanced Science Seminars in Marine Science at Port Aransas,
1958-63.
Ex officio member of the Marine Advisory Committee to the State Land
Board of Texas.
Committee on Grants, Biology Branch, Office of Naval Research, 1956-60.
Committee for Organization of the International Shallow Water Conference
of the National Science Foundation in 1961.
Committee of the Geography Branch of Office of Naval Research on Coastal
Geography, 1962.
Committee of the American Waterworks Association to arrange for participants
of the 2nd International Pollution Congress in Japan, 1963.
Committee of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography on
selection of participants at the International Congress of Limnology, 1957.
Ad hoc committees on site visits for U. S. Public Health Service to the
University of Michigan and University of Washington, 1962.
Advisor to U. S. Public Health Service on paper mill pollution in Oregon.
Participant in summer NSF Institutes at Baylor and East Texas State College.
AIBS Visiting Lecturer, 1958, South Dakota.
Cullowhee Conference on Biomathematics, Cullowhee, North Carolina, 1960.
Lockwood Conference on the Urban Forest, New Haven, Connecticut, 1962.
First International Pollution Conference, Berkeley, California, 1960.
First AIBS Interdisciplinary Conference at Princeton, 1961.
Fifth Conference for the Advancement of Science and Teaching, Austin, 1958.
Texas A&M Conference on Water in Texas, 1960.
NSF Salt Marsh Conference, Sapelo Island, Georgia, 1960.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Red Tide Conference, Galveston, Texas, 1958.
Guest lectures, Department of Biology and Sanitary Engineering, University
of North Carolina, University of Georgia, Meteorology Section and Town
and Gown of University of Texas; evening session, Woods Hole, Pan American
College, Oak Ridge lecture, Oklahoma State University.
Fellow, American Association of Advanced Science.
Vice-president and fellow, Texas Academy of Science.
Foreign field studies: Tamaulipan Desert and Tuxpan Bays, Mexico,
Puerto Rico studies under Rockefeller Grant.
Resources Committee of Houston Chamber of Commerce.
Technical Committee of Sportsman's Club of Texas.
Supervision of Ph.D. students: Thomas Hellier, Walter Abbott, Frank J. Little,
Ronald Wilson, and R. J. Beyers (zoology major, marine science supporting area).
Research grants with NSF, NIH, AEC, ONR, and Texas State Agencies as
listed on an attached page.
Head of Ecology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 1958
1963
Chief Scientist, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, operated by the University
of Puerto Rico for Atomic Energy Commission.
Director, Terrestrial Ecology Program I (research division), Rain Forest
Irradiation Project.
Lectures at Harvard Engineering Division, January 1964.
Member-at-Large, Governing Board of American Institute of Biological
Science, 1965.
1963-66
Chief Scientist, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Rain Forest Radiation Project,
Photosynthesis of Rain Forests.
1965-66
Chief Scientist, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center, Director of Rain Forest
Project and Division of Terrestrial Ecology.
Adjunct Professor, Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico.
See publication list for titles of the Rain Forest Book, summarizing
this activity.
Invited lectures: International Conference on Marine Pollution and
Ecology, Galveston, Texas; Seminar, University of Texas Institute of
Marine Science, Port Aransas; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Cornell
University; University of Puerto Rico.
Participation in Organization of Tropical Studies Program, Sarapiqui,
Costa Rica, July 1965.
Research trips to the virgin forest of Dominica and Trinidad, August
and November 1965.
Study of roots and radio-isotope uptake using gamma spectra, Darien,
Panama, as part of Inter-Ocean Canal Survey, April 1966.
Participated in Association of Tropical Biology Meeting at Belem, Brazil,
representing Puerto Rico Nuclear Center made root counts in Manaus
and Georgetown, June 1966.
1966-67
Professor, University of North Carolina, joint with Departments of Zoology,
Botany, and Environmental Science and Engineering (Environmental Health
Institute).
Organized Rain Forest Symposium, Ecological Society of America, August 1966;
paper at National Academy of Science and Radiation Research Society
Symposium on Radio-Ecology.
Consultant Batelle Memorial Institute Meeting on Inter-Ocean Canal
Study, Columbus, Ohio, November 15; Smithsonian Institution, Conference
on Tropical Biology, November 11; National Park Service, Planning for
5
Bahia Fosforecente; Associated Universities of Brookhaven, Planning for
a National Tropical Marine Science Center; President's Science Advisory
Council Panel on World Food Resources, Subpanel on Tropical Soils and Agriculture.
University committees Marine Sciences; University Research Council;
Ecology Training Grant Committee; Graduate Course Committee of Department
of Zoology; Institute for Research in Social Science.
Invited lectures University of Indiana; Wrightsville Biomedical Laboratory;
Duke University; University of North Carolina Zoology; University of
North Carolina Dedication Ceremonies; University of North Carolina Television;
Nature's Intricate Network; Brackenbridge Laboratory, Austin, Texas.
Research contract with AEC, starting June 1, 1967.
Completion of the Rain Forest Book and scaling the energy simulator,
$24,000 per year.
Courses in 1966-67 Systems Ecology (Zoo 255); Oceanography (Zoo 126).
Research trip to Rain Forest site at El Verde, Puerto Rico in January.
Organized National Association of Biology Teachers Short Course Seminar
on Ecology, March 28-April 1, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Governing Board, American Institute of Biological Science, Elected Member-
at-Large.
1968-69
Courses General Ecology (Zoo 106 = Bot 141); General Oceanography
(Mnsc 101 = Zoo 126); Seminar in Ecological Systems Theory; Short Course
in Analog Simulation for 9 students, April and May 1969 using TR-20's.
Main research completion of Rain Forest Book, Environment, Power and
Society, FWQA Report on Coastal Ecological Systems and new Sea Grant
Project on Self-Design of Marine Ecosystems Receiving Treated Sewage.
University committees Water Resources Curriculum; Ecology Interdepartmental
Program; Marine Science Curriculum; Committee on Nutrition; Environmental
Health Institute; Technical Committee, Water Resources Institute;
Committee for an Undergraduate Curriculum in Human Ecology; Chemistry-
Biology Program Area, Department Environmental Sciences and Engineering;
Staff meetings, Department of Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Botany,
and Zoology; Committee on Biological Sciences, University Research
Council (chairman); Semester Meetings of Marine Pond Research Group
(coordinator); University of North Carolina NASA Research Group; Summer
NSF Training Institute in Botany; Graduate Student Advisor, Temporary
Advisor or Committee Participant DiSalvo, Nixon, Burns, Sollins,
D. Marshall, H. Marshall, Hall, Ewel, Berryhill, Ritchey, Birke, Smythe,
Kelly, Canoy, Gaud, Hanton.
Invited lectures American Institute of Biological Science, 1969,
Characteristics of Regenerative Half Systems; Systems and Cybernetics
Society, 1969, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, An Energy Circuit Language
(also presided Symposium, Modelling of Natural Resource Systems);
American Biology Teachers Convention, 1969, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
Energy Flow in Marine Systems and Man.
National committees and consultations Board of Annual Reviews of Ecology,
(new book series), Palo Alto, California; Ludwig Associates, N. Y. on
Ecology and Pollution of Jamaica Bay; Florida Audubon Society, court
case preparation on Cross Florida Barge Canal; Public Hearing, FWPCA,
New Bern, North Carolina Hearings written statement, published;
Congressional Advisory Consortium on Environment; NSF Sea Grant site
visits to Louisiana Marine projects; Member-at-Large, American Institute
of Biological Science; Representative to Organization of Tropical Studies,
Costa Rica; Ad horum, Chief Scientist, Puerto Rico Nuclear Center;
Nominating Committee, Ecological Society of America.
1969-1970
Courses General Oceanography (Zoo 126); Ecological and General Systems
Theory (226); Seminar in Tropical Ecology (with H. Lieth); Seminar in
Limnology (with C. Weiss and E. Kuenzler).
Principal investigator on research on Marine Oxidation Ponds at Morehead
City, N. Y. under Sea Grant sponsorship ($100,000/yr.) team project.
AEC sponsored project on analog simulation of ecological systems.
Invited lectures North Carolina State University Conference on Man
and Environment, Raleigh, North Carolina, February 1970; American
Institute of Biological Science Interdisciplinary Meeting on Resource
Management, Laramie, Wyoming, June 1970; Conference on Productivity,
SUNY, Albany, March 1970; Southern Water Resource and Pollution Conference,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, April 1970; Gordon Research
Conference on Environment, New Hampshire, September 1970; Catawba College,
North Carolina Teach In, April; Faculty Club, University of North Carolina;
Pollution Conference on Tampa Bay, University of South Florida; Botany
and Engineering Departments, University of Texas, March; North Carolina
Teachers Meeting, Atlantic Beach, April; Lecture series (3) on Environment
and Man, Fort Lewis College, Colorado, March; Scientific mission and
lecture on our systems ecology, May, for the government of Sweden Asko,
Stockholm, Umea, Lund, Helsinki (Finland) and Copenhagen (Denmark) with
Harve Carlson as U. S. representative for our government.
Boards and consulting North Carolina Governors Committee on Economics
and Environment; Editorial Board, Annual Reviews of Ecology; Editorial
Board, Oecologia; American Institute of Biological Science, Instrumentation
Council; Ludwig Associates on Jamaica Bay, N. Y.; Research Advisory
Board, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station; Puerto Rico Nuclear Center,
University of Puerto Rico, San Juan.
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Workshops and conferences International Biological Program and
Environmental Quality, Washington, February 1970; Eutrophication Conference,
FWQA, Washington.
Short course lectures University of North Carolina Extension Division,
Newsmen; University of North Carolina Management Seminar for Tire Dealers;
Human Ecology, North Carolina State Health Department, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
University committees Curriculum in Marine Science; Technical Committee
of Water Resources Institute; Faculties of Botany, Zoology, and Environmental
Science and Engineering.
Named Tar Heel of the Week by Raleigh News and Observer, August, 1969.
8
1970-71
Courses Systems Ecology on University Genesys System (winter; intercity
closed TV) ENE 617 Estuarine Systems, spring.
Short courses to: Institute of food technologists; Ninth Florida Junior
Science, Engineering and Humanities Symposium; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture:
Ecological Approach to Resource Management in Atlanta Ga; University of
Georgia (energy).
Editorial boards: Ecologia; Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics.
National Committees: National Academy of Science committee on Effect of
Herbicide in Viet Nam; Director of Tropical Planning for International
Biological Program; Sea Grant Site Visitor.
Awards: Society for Technical Communication: 19th Publication Awards, 1972.
Certificate of Achievement.
Invited Lectures: Nobel Symposium on Changing Chemistry of the Sea,
Goteburg, Sweden; Argonne National Laboratory.
International Tropical Ecology Symposium, New Delhi, India. Biology Dept.
Armidale, Australia.
Papers presented: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography on sewage
ponds.
Lectures on campus and in Gainesville: American Chemical Society Regional
Meet. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Plant Physiology; Sigma Xi
(energy and value); School of Forestry (forest problems in energy language).
Florida Defenders of the Environment
Field trips to Lake Tanganyika, Burundi; to Corbett National Park; India
to rain forest, Cairns, Australia, to Savannah, Nairobi, Kenya.
Summer research on sewage ponds, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead
City, N.C.
Attended short course in analog computing of Electronic Associates, Inc.
1971-72
Courses ENV 671 Ecological Engineering (spring)
ENV 617 Estuarine Systems (winter)
Short course: Energy Concepts, Gainesville (June)
Ecology, Jacksonville
Committee:
National Academy Herbicides in Vietnam
Man in the Biosphere Planning Committee:
Paris, France.
Systems Ecology
Project on Gordon River Swamp, Collier County
Public hearing: Chasse Howitzka Springs
Governor's Conference on Water
Invited Lectures:
Sierra Club, Welaka
Northern States Power Co., Lake Itasco, Minn.
Coastal Management Conference, Woods Hole, Mass.
Southern Illinois University
American Society of Civil Engineers
Lectures on Campus:
Environmental Engineering Sciences
22nd Latin American Conference
Field Trips: Rainforest site, Medellin, Colombia
Vung Tau, Viet Nam, mangrove-herbicide studies
Planning Seminars, Rockefeller Foundation; recycling wastes.
1972-73
Courses: ENV 656 Meteorology (with W. Huber) fall
ENV 660 Ecological and General Systems
ENV 617 Estuarine Systems (winter)
Committees: National Academy Committee on Herbicides in Vietnam (Seattle)
IBP Planning
Annual Rev. of Systematics and Ecology (St. Louis)
Summarizing committee: Governor's Conference on Energy
Dept. committee on Foreign programs
Short Courses: Ecology; energy
Lectures: Stetson U., Deland; Fla. Inst. of Technology, Melbourne;
Univ. of Miami, Ohio; Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, S.C.;
U.S. Corp of Engineers, Jacksonville; Utah State University; NATO
Conference on Marine Modelling, Oporto, Portugal; National Energy
Forum, Washington, D.C.; Panel, Fla. Chapter, American Nuclear Society;
Marine Technology Society, Washington; American Nuclear Society.
Field trips: Marshes at Sapelo I.
Meeting of Gulf and Caribbean Science, Miami.
Wife, Virginia Millie Wood Odum deceased.
1973-74
Courses: ENV 560 Ecological and General Systems, fall
ENV 656 Meteorology (cotaught with W. Huber), fall
ENV 561 Ecological Engineering Seminar, spring
Committees: National Academy of Science, Herbicides in Viet Nam;
Site Visitor Sea Grant; Annual Reviews of Systematics
Award: Distinguished Service in Environmental Planning
Short Courses: two on energy analysis
Lectures: Fla. Institute of Technology
Gold Key Symposium on Energy, Tallahassee
University of Rhode Island Dept. of Oceanography
Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, R.I.
University of Tennessee, Botany
Futures Society, Washington, D.C.
Conference Society of Applied Mathematics on Systems Ecology
at Altah, Utah
Florida Energy Conference, Keynote Speaker
National Convention Banquet, Alpha Pi Mu
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Congressional Forum, Washington, D.C.
Atomic Energy Commission, Germantown
Corp of Army Engineers, Washington, D.C.
(presentation to Commanding General)
Press Club, Washington, D.C.
National Convention on Industrial Energy, Gainesville
Santa Fe College
Florida Agricultural Society Gamma Sigma Delta
League of Women Voters
Computer Simulation Conference, Houston
Married Elisabeth Chase, April 4, 1974
Feature articles: Newsweek, Christian Science Monitor, Ambio paper reprinted
in 13 different journals and newsletters.
Initiated Center for Wetlands with million dollar grant from Rockefeller
Foundation and National Science Foundation.
1974-75
Courses: ENV 560
ENV 617
Seminar
Ecological and General Systems (Fall)
Estuarine Systems, Winter
(ENV 670) Center for Wetlands
Award: Institute la Vie, Paris, June. Shared with E.P. Odum
(total prize $68,000)
Lectures:
Sigma Gamma Epsilon
Conference on Recycling Sewage, Rockefeller Foundation,
Bellagio, Italy
Law School
American Industrial Engineering, Clearwater
Symposium on Thermal Ecology, Augusta, Ga.
Sandia Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Landscape Architecture, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
American Heritage Lecture, Boulder, Colo.
Univ. of Arizona Conference on Water Requirements of
the Lower Colorado River, Tucson, Ariz.
Rollins College Humanities Conference
University-wide Convocation "Odum and the Poets" with
A. Ginsburg; M. Mclure, Gary Snyder
Committee: Univ. of Fla. President's Award Committee
Feature article in Forbes: Florida Naturalist
Exchange mission of Environmental Protection Agency to Soviet Russia
with lectures in Moscow, Leningrad, Minsk, and Borok City
Testimony at Wetlands legislation planning meeting of Environmental Protection
Agency with U.S. Corp of Army Engineers
Summer period at Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, Texas, with
short course lecture series on energy systems.
Conference on Environment and Health, Ramseur, Iran; trip to Abadan and Persian
Gulf.
1975-76
Courses: ENV 670 Seminar, Center for Wetlands
ENV 671 Advanced Systems Ecology Seminar
ENV 560 Ecological and General Systems, fall
ENV 561 Ecological Engineering Seminar (spring)
ENV 656 Meteorology (with W. Huber) Spring
Short Courses: Univ. of Puerto Rico, energy modelling, two weeks
Institute of Effective Management, Gainesville
National Association of Biology Teachers, Denver, Colo.
Campus: Energese, Energy Cost Benefit and the Miniac
Award of the University of Florida President's Medal
Lectures: Stockholm, Sweden; energy lecture and meeting with
Swedish National Research Board to discuss energy concepts and regional
modelling project.
International Conference on Human Environment, Kyoto, Japan
Society for General Systems Research, New Orleans
Honors Seminar on campus
Estuarine Research Conference, Galveston, Texas
Louisiana State University
National Parks Conference, New Orleans
Faculty workshop, Rollins College
Conference on Freshwater Wetlands and Sewage Effluents,
Ann Arbor, Mich.
American Society of Civil Engineering, Ft. Lauderdale
Public Hearing, Energy Alternatives, League of Women Voters
Law School
R.E. Coker Lecture, Univ. of N.C., Chapel Hill, N.C.
Center for Mathematical System Theory
Committees: University Senate
Dept. promotions
Feature articles: Miami Herald; Florida Trend Magazine
Testimony before U.S. Congress Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy
Judge Contest of Mother Earth News on Self Sufficiency
1976-77
Courses: ENV 560
ENV 617
ENV 670
ENV 656
Ecological and General Systems, Fall
Estuarine Systems, Spring
Seminar, Center for Wetlands
Meteorology (with W. Huber) Spring
Conservation Award, Florida Sierra Club
Lectures:
Committees:
Amer. Associ. Advanced Science Symposium, Denver, Colo.
Conference on microcosms and marshes, Georgetown, S.C.
State University of New York, Buffalo
Conference on City Shock, Tallahassee Planning
Workshop evaluating regional'models, NSF, Seattle
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md.
Graham Foundation, Chicago
Agricultural Engineering, U. of Fla.
Illinois Tech., Chicago
Division of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee
Graduate Business Association
Colloquium, Indian River College, Fla.
Humanities Conference for Managers, Gainesville
League of Women Votors
American Physical Society, Oxford, Ohio
Amherst College, Mass.
Anthropology Dept.
Cornell University
Workshop of recycling sewage in wetlands, Orlando
Florida International University
Wetlands Conference, Environmental Law Institute,
Reston, Va.
Convention American Nuclear Society, N.Y.
Dept. Promotion Committee
Advisory Committee RANN Division, National Science Foundation
Dade County Planning of East Boundary Project
Lectures: County Commission Presentations: Lee Co; Collier Co; Hendry Co.
New College, Sarasota
1977-78
Courses: ENV 67
ENV 36
ENV 67
Short Courses:
Lectures:
70 (3 hrs) Systems Ecology Review
60 Energy Systems, Winter
70 Seminar, Center for Wetlands
American Association for Advancement for Science
Chautauqua Lecture series at Portland, Oregon, Stanford, Cal.,
Santa Ana, Calif., and Austin, Texas
Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville
Energy Conference, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Lindesfarne Conference, N.Y.
Ocala Junior College
Planning meeting National Wetlands Council, Athens, Ga.
State Wetlands Conference, Tallahassee
Regional Conference of Society for General Systems, Tallahassee
Florida Defenders of the Environment, Marshes, Cedar Keys, Fla.
Environmental Health Seminars, Gainesville
State Conference on Energy, Orlando
Honors Program
Agricultural Engineering
Public Debate on Energy Futures, Fla. Academy of Science, Orlando
Environmental Protection Agency Lab, Corvallis, Oregon
International Ecological Congress, Jeruselem
University of Florida Teacher-Scholar of the Year
Commencement Speaker, University of Florida, Gainesville, August
AIBS Distinguished Service Award
Attended short course in Hybrid Computers, Electronic Associates,
West Long Branch, N.J.
1978-79
FLORIDA:
Teaching:
Lectures:
Ecological and General Systems
Wetlands Seminar
Grad. Seminar in Systems Ecology
Use of Swamps and Wetlands for Receiving and Recycling Wastes
Florida Anti-Mosquito Association Meeting, Tampa
Energy Quality and Humanity in the Biosphere, Brigham Young U.,
Provo, Utah
Energy Basis of Order and Disorder, Mechanical Engr., MIT
Wetlands for Waste Recycling, Waste Operators' Short School,
TRIO Education Center
Short Course: Energy and Environment, York University, Toronto,
Canada
Chautauqua Courses (NSF-AAAS) Gull Lake, Mich.; Iowa; Kansas City;
Memphis, Tenn.
One day Joint Seminar at National Science Foundation, Washington,
with Ian McHarg, Energetics Applied to Design
Energy Principles for Planners, City Hall, Kansas City
Energy-driven Changes in U.S. Cultural Patterns, Univ. of Missouri,
Kansas City
Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Florida Blue Key Distinguished Faculty Award
Distinguished Alumni Award, Trustees, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
NEW ZEALAND:
Sabbatical Research in New Zealand as Erskine Fellow of University of
Canterbury, Christchurch, N.Z., Joint Centre for Environmental Science.
Lecture Series:
Energy Analysis, Chemical Engineering Dept., U. of Canterbury
Systems Ecology, Dept. of Zoology, U. of Canterbury
Energy and Environment, Joint Centre for Envr. Science,
U. Canterbury
Short Course and guest lectures at Lincoln College
Univ. of Auckland, Auckland
Massey Univ., Palmerston North
Otago Univ., Dunedin
Ecological Society of New Zealand, Cawthorne Institute,
Nelson
Hydroelectric Central, Twizel
Victoria University, Wellington
Environmental Council, Wellington
Energy Conference, Ministry of Energy, Wellington
Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury
Lecture Tour in Australia,
University of Queensland, Brisbane
Victoria University, Sydney
Environmental Center, University of W. Australia, Perth
Other visits: Fiji, New Guinea, Mainland China, Hong Kong, S. Africa,
Kenya and Liberia
Research projects completed: Energy Analysis of New Zealand;
Computer simulation of sewage waste ponds
of N. Carolina Sea Grant experiment
at Morehead City, N.C. 1968-71.
1979-80
Courses:
EES 6356 Estuarine Systems, Winter
Ecological Engineering EES 5306, Spring
Energy Analysis ENV 6006, Spring
Guest Lectures:
Conference of Landscape Architects, Labash
Florida Division, Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers
Philip Morris Ocala Research Center
P.K. Yonge Conference on Secondary Education
Environmental Science and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
Fla. Water Resources Center
Third International Conference on the Environment, Paris
NSF Film on Wetlands
Short Course: (H.T. and E.C. Odum)
Organization of American States, Merida, Venezuela
Consultant to New York Botanical Garden on Management of Conservation Areas
Advisory Committee for Applied Science and Research Applications Policy
of National Science Foundation
1980-81
Courses: EES 5007 Ecological and General Systems, Fall
PHM 2142 Systems Philosophy (with H. Elliott), Winter
EES 6356 Estuarine Systems (with C. Montague), Winter
ENV 5930 Meteorology (with W. Huber), Spring
Short Courses:
Society of Applied Mathematics, Salisbury, Md.
Guest Lectures:
Ecology Series, Colorado State Univesrity, Ft. Collins
International Society of Ecological Modelling, Louisville, Ky.
Environmental Science Review, Environmental Protection Agency, Mobile
Review of New Alchemist Program NSF
Conference on Future of Fisheries, Woods Hole, Mass.
Gordon Research Conference on Thermodynamics Analysis, Colby
U.N. Wetlands Conference in Soviet Union, 2 weeks
Energy Colloquium, Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, Tenn.
Program Review, Athens Regional Lab, Environmental Protection Agency
Outside Evaluator Systems Program, Univ. of Louisville
UF Center for Wetlands
Field Trips: West Florida wetlands, strip mining in Wyoming, Fla. phosphate
mining sites, Nantucket, Wetlands in Soviet Union (Minsk, Pinsk,
Black Sea, Caucasus)
Short Course Attended: Use of PDP 11 RSX-11M computer, Digital Equipment
Corp, Boston, Mass., June.
1981-82
Courses: EES 3008 Energy and Environment
ENV 6006 Systems Ecology Seminar
EES 5007 Ecological and General Systems
EES 5306 Energy Analysis and Ecological Engineering
Guest Lectures:
Indian River Symposium Keynote, Florida Institute of Technology
Governor's Conference, Tallahassee
Dept. of Planning, Tallahassee
Marine Science Institute Advisory Board, Univ. of Texas, Austin
Conference on Passive Cooling, Miami
Gordon Conference on Risk and Aquatic Chemistry, New Hampshire
EPA and USF & WS Wetlands Recycle Conference, Univ. of Mass., Amherst
College of Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, N.Z.
Joint Centre for Environmental Science, U. of Canterbury,
Christchurch, N.Z.
Bellknap Lecture, Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.
Dept. of Planning, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Environmental Science Dept., Nehru Univ., New Delhi, India
Ecology Dept., Banaras Univ., Varanasi, India
State Fisheries Commission, Portland, Maine
Conference on Ecology and Economics, Marcus Wallenberg Foundation,
Stockholm, Sweden (participant and member of organizing committee)
Lead speaker, National Energy Conference, Madrid Spain
Delta Institute of Hydrobiological Research, Yerseke, Netherlands
Field Trips:
National Park, Sri Lanka
Broken Hill Outback, Australia
Wetlands in Westland, New Zealand
Spartina townsendii in Wales
Spartina townsendii in Holland
Award: Distinguished Service Award of the President of the University of
Puerto Rico
NEW ZEALAND: Second trip under sponsorship of NSF exchange program
accompanied by E.C. Odum and Dan Campbell. Comparative measurements
and modelling of exotic Spartina townsendii as an example of self
organization of new ecosystems; further energy analysis of New Zealand
and the role of embodied energy.
Visiting Associates:
Leon Braat, Free University, Holland, 1982
David Scienceman, Sydney, Australia, 1982
Gordon Innes, Sydney, Australia, 1982
Committee:
EPA Research Project Review Panel in Environmental Biology.
1982-83
Courses:
Summer 1982
EES 5306, Energy Analysis, taught summer A, 1982, 3 cr, 13 registered
Fall 1982
EES 5007, Ecology and Genergy Systems, 3 cr, 25 registered
Spring 1983
ENV 6117, Environmental Meteorology, 3 cr, 10 registered
Other University Activities:
In exchange for Spring semester in New Zealand (Jan 2-Mar, on Fl. salary),
taught Energy Analysis course in Gainesville (without salary), in Summer 1982.
Lectures:
Wetlands Lecture, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst Water Resources Workshop,
June, 1982.
Presentation, Gordon Research Conference, Energy Analysis, June 28-July 2,
1982.
Lecture on fisheries systems, Boothbay Harbor and Univ. of Maine,
June 28-July 1, 1982.
Lectures at Earlham College.
Invited speaker, First Wallenberg Conference on Ecology and Environment,
Aug. 28-Sept. 6.
Two lectures on energy and environment, Dept. of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Feb 19-22, 1983.
Energy systems presentation to Bermuda Government, March 24-25, 1983.
Panel on forest systems, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Keynote lecture, Coastal Engineering Conference in Holland; visit to Rhine
River; visit to wastewater sites in coastal dunes, June 9-12, 1983.
Presentations in Toronto and Israel.
Other Professional Activities:
Trip to Sweden.
Yale Library, July 20-22, finalizing Systems Ecology book proofs.
Stop in Holland on behalf of Univ. of Fla. administration to arrange
international exchange with Utrecht, Sept. 7, 1982.
Summer, 1983, Visiting Scholar, International Institute of Applied Systems
Analysis, Vienna, Austria.
1983-84
Courses:
Fall, 1983:
EES 3008;
EES 6006;
Spring, 1984:
EES 5306;
ENV 6006;
Energy and Environment, 3 cr., 3 lect. hrs., 9 students,
3 informal audit
Systems Ecology Seminar, most of systems ecology students -
some registered-some not registered
Ecological Engineering and Energy Analysis, 3 cr., 3 lect.
hrs., 6 students, 3 informal audit
Joint Seminar with Agricultural Economics, cotaught with
Clyde Kyker, Energy and Economics, 15 students attending,
some registered
Lectures to Other Departments:
Anthropology, Forestry, Ag Engineering
Other University Activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands
Organized Research, Principal Investigator:
Continuing project, Florida Institute for Phosphate Research:
Interactions of Wetlands with Phosphate Industry
Cousteau Society, Energy Systems Perspectives on Amazon and
Mississippi River Basins. Field work at Jari, Brazil and
Nepo River, Ecuador
Georgia Pacific Corporation
Energy Analysis Evaluation of Santa Fe Swamp
Committees:
University Senate
Chairman Promotions-Tenure Committee, Department of Environmental
Engineering Sciences
Work with Visiting Post Doctoral Associates:
Dr. Gordon Innes, from New South Wales Planning Commission,
Sydney, Australia
Dr. Gonzague Pillet, Swiss Government Fellow from Geneva, Switzerland
Awards:
Distinguished Service Award, President of the University of Puerto Rico.
Summer Research Associate, International Institute of Applied Systems
Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Keynote Speaker, International Congress on Coastal Engineering and Ecology,
Rotterdam.
1983-84 (continued)
Lectures:
Conference on Models of Ecology and Economics at International
Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
Ecology and Economics at University of Toronto, Waterloo University,
Canadian Fisheries Laboratory
Energy Analysis Overview of Nations lecture at World Bank
Two presentations at Broward County Conferences: Energy Dollar
Evaluation of Beaches and Reefs; Growth Trends
Panel Leader, Governor Graham's Growth Regulation Conference,
Tallahassee
Board Member, annual meeting, Center for Energy and Environment,
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.R.
Society for General Systems Theory, paper presented, Commonalities
between Hierarchies of Ecosystems and Political Institutions
Other Professional Activities:
Development of High School booklet:
"Energy and Environment in Florida" with presentation at Florida
Science Teachers meeting at Tallahassee and Meeting of Science
Teachers Supervisors in Tampa; presentation under auspices of
Florida Academy of Science at West Orange High School, Winter
Garden, Fla.
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill collaboration with
E.J. Kuenzler in revising manuscript of Sea Grant Project on
Effect of Treated Sewage on Ecosystems in Marine Ponds.
Development of Species Ecosystems Model; visit to Galapagos Islands
for insights and calibration.
Trip to Belem and Jari, Brazil, October 4, 1983.
Trip to Napo River, Ecuador (Amazon) and Galapagos Islands, Dec. 19-27, 1983.
1984-85
Courses Taught:
Fall 1984, EES 5007, Ecological and General Systems, 3 credits,
3 lecture hrs, 13 students
Spring 1985, EES 6117 (cotaught with W. Huber), Environmental Meteorology,
3 credits, 3 lectures, 12 students
Fall and Spring, Systems Ecology Seminar (cotaught with M. Brown), ENV 6006,
3 students formally registered, 20 informal participants
Other University activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands
Graduate Students: Ph.D.: J. Richardson, M. Miller, B. Rushton
M.S.: R. Christianson, C. Diamond, R. Arrieta,
J. Sendzimir, C. Bersok
Committees: University Senate, Chairman of Dept. Committee on Promotions
and Tenure; Dept. Curriculum Committee; ad hoc Tropical Science
Development of proposal for Center for Nature and Society
Australian Systems Model and Energy Analysis, Emergy Theory with
David Scienceman, Visiting Associate at Center for Wetlands
Other Professional Activities:
Advisory Board, Center for Energy and Environment, University of Puerto
Rico, San Juan
Research Awards Panel of Environmental Protection Agency
Summer Project, Energy Analysis of Tropical Agricultural Systems,
CEPLAC Agricultural Research Center, Itabuna, Brazil (with
P. Alvim and E.C. Odum)
Workshop Conference on Future of Ecology, Carey Center of New York
Botanical Garden
Energy analysis project with Delta Institute for Hydrobiological Research,
Yerseke, Netherlands (E. Duursma); J. Sendzimir from UF on exchange
Publication projects with International Institute of Applied Systems
Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria: (a) revision of Working Paper,
Energy Analysis Overview of Nations, for Bulletin; (b) paper in
Proceedings on International Conference on Ecological and Economic
Models, "Minimodels of National, International, and Global Systems
Policy."
1984-85 (continued)
Guest Lectures:
Keynote Speaker, Organizational Meeting of Caribbean Regional
AAAS Meeting
Soils Science Society of Brazil, Itabuna, Brazil
University of Buenos Aires
Dept. of Agricultural Regional Meeting on Models, Atlanta
Broward County Growth Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, March
Broward County Conference on Beaches and Reefs, April
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Texas A & M Convocation on Future of Agriculture, College Station
York University, Canada
Canadian Research Center, Waterloo, Canada
Resources of the Future Conference, Barcelona, Spain
Ecological Seminar, UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation
Symposium of AAAS and Soc. General Syst. Theory, Los Angeles, on
Integrations of Research on Biological and Social Living Systems
Development of "Energy and Environment in Florida" booklet;
presentations to meeting of County School Science supervisors,
Tampa; development of microcomputer disk of minimodel programs
of ecology, economics and environment
Self Organization in Marine Sewage Ponds Research, N.C. Sea Grant,
Finalization of 300 pp. manuscript, in press, Sea Grant Series.
Book project with G. Pillet (French language book) Ecologie de l'Energie
New contract with John Wiley Publishers for book, "Energy Analysis
of Society."
1985-86
Courses:
Summer B
ENV 6932 Sec 6653, 3 cr, 2 lecture hrs, 2 lab, 5 registered
ENV 6932 Sec 6315, 6 cr, 5 lecture hrs, 2 lab, 22 students
Energy Systems and Environment in Florida UF
On sabbatical as visiting Professor at LBJ School of Public Affairs,
University of Texas, Austin:
1/4 Time teaching a two-semester Policy Research Project Course for 10
graduate students in collaboration with E.C. Odum and Marlin Blissett,
sponsored by Texas Department of Agriculture, Robert King, Director, Natural
Resources Program, and Commissioner Hightower:
Fall 1985
PA 882A, Energy Systems of the United States and Texas, 4 cr, 4 hrs
lecture, 10 registered
Winter 1986
PA 882B, Energy Systems of the United States and Texas, 4 cr, 4 hrs
lecture, 10 registered
Other Texas activities:
Audited Macroeconomics course given by Dr. Galbraith, Jr.
Field trip and energy analysis of Big Brown Lignite Power Plant.
Other University Activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands; Member of the University Senate
Other Professional Activities:
Member of the Board of the Center for Energy and Environment of the
University of Puerto Rico
Joint project with the Center for Human Ecology of the University of
Geneva on energy externality
Keynote speaker of the International Conference for Environmental
Education in Sunderland, England
Preparation of an international edition of Energy Systems and Environment
for the U.N. Environmental Program
Von Bertalanffy lecture at the Society for General Systems Theory,
Philadelphia
Short course for Energy Systems and Environment at Brigham Young Univ.
1986-87
Courses:
Fall 1986
EES 5007, Ecology and General Systems, 3 cr, 15 registered.
Spring 1987
EES 6117, Environmental Meteorology, 3 cr, 7 registered.
EES 4103, Environmental Biology, 3 cr, 23 registered
(Co-taught with Montague)
Lectures:
Talk to Gainesville Garden Club
Lectures at Ohio State University, May, 1987
Other Professional Activities:
Participant in Texas Conference on Comprehensive River Management: Energy
Analysis of Water, October
Scientific Committee of Int. Soc. for Environmental Protection, Vienna,
Austria, February 20-22
Field evaluation of Sante Fe Swamp, Georgia Pacific Corp.
Board Meeting, Center for Energy and Environment, Univ. of Puerto Rico,
March 1-7
Florida Academy of Science meeting, Rollins Col., Winter Park, Fla.
London, Space Biospheres Ventures, concepts for Biosphere 2, July
AIBS, Ohio State University, Aug. 11-13, 1987
1987-88
Honors and Awards:
Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Courses taught:
Fall 87 EES 3008, 3 credits, 3 hrs lecture, 10 students, Energy and Environment
ENV 6006, 1 credit, 1 hr lecture, most Systems Ecology students,
some registered, some not registered, Systems Seminar
Spring 88 EES 5306, 2 credits, 2 hrs lecture, 10 students, Energy Analysis
ENV 6006, 1 credit, 1 hr lecture, most Systems Ecology
students, some registered, some not registered, Systems Seminar
Other University Activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands
Other Professional Activities:
Participated in the scientific symposium at the event of the awarding of
the Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm,
Sweden
Presented our energy and public policy text and supplement to the meeting
of the National Science Teachers Association in Miami, Fla.
Spoke to the Indian River Consortium on the value of marine resources in
Melbourne, Fla.
Member of the Board of the Center for Environment Research of the
University of Puerto Rico
Joint research with the CEER on the Joyuda Lagoon, P.R.
Lecture on energy and environment at the Catholic University, San German,
P.R.
Lecture to AAAS on energy and environment at the CEER, San Juan, P.R.
Presented our Environmental Systems and Public Policy text to the
National Science Teachers Association national meeting at St. Louis, Mo.
Collaboration with Dr. Robert Beyers in writing book entitled "Ecological
Microcosms" here and Mobile Ala.
1988-89
Courses taught at University of Florida :
Fall 1988
EES 5006 Ecological and General Systems
3 credits, 3 hr lectures, 16? students
ENV 6006 Systems-energetics-economics research seminar
1 hr credit, attended by program graduate students and
associated whether registered or not
Short course on Energy Systems Models and Evaluation given at the
Center for new students, associates, visitors
Spring 1989
EES 6117 (cotaught with W. Huber), Environmental Meteorology
3 credits, 3 lectures, 9? students
EES 5307 (cotaught with M.T. Brown), Ecological Engineering
1 hr credit, 1 hr lecture, 18? students
ENV 6006 Systems-energetics-economics research seminar
1 hr credit, attended by program graduate students and
associated whether registered or not
Other University Activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands
Department committee on undergraduate environmental science curriculum
and survey of progress at other universities
University committee on environmental planning at Medicinal Garden
Other Professional Activities:
Collaboration with sabbatical visitor Dr. Shu-Li Huang, from Taipei,
Taiwanon Environmental-economic simulation and evaluation models of
Taiwan.
Collaboration with former student D. Campbell, writing a review of
Fisheries models on contract with CRC Press.
Further development of our "Minimodels" syllabus into a normal text
on simulation of ecological, economic, and general systems models of
basic principles. Presentation of some of the new material to
the meeting of Mathematical Ecologists at Wakulla Springs, March
31-April 1, 1989.
Consultant on EMERGY Evaluation to a Department of Energy project on
uses of Hydrogen at the University of Miami; gave days short course
in Miami, January 18, 1989.
Adapting the new program EXTEND to use the energy systems symbols
for programming by mouse connecting of pathways on Macintosh. The
symbols are now functional. Work in collaboration with E.C. Odum
and N. Peterson of Univ. of Oregon and an educational development
project, BIOQUEST.
1988-89 (continued)
Tropical Rain Forest Studies in Puerto Rico
Made measurements of spectral reflectance of tropical vegetation
with new LYCOR field equipment, to relate to transpiration and leaf
heat budgets; assisted by T. Keitt. Travel expenses provided by Oak
Ridge University offices. December, 1988.
Technical Advisory Committee to U.S. Forest Service, preparing a
report on U.S. tropical forest research needs, meeting San Juan,
November, 1988.
On Steering Committee of Long Term Ecological Reserve project at El
Verde. First meeting in San Juan, January, 1989.
Co-supervising with M.T. Brown, one of our graduate students, T.
Keitt examining the information dispersal and control systems in
tropical forest restoration with field work at El Verde supported as
part of the LTER national project.
Developing a microcomputer simulation mesomodel of the El Verde
rainforest in collaboration with Dr. Robert Waide, LTER director.
Lecture presentation: "Environmental Education through Ecosystem
Ecology" at seminar on research opportunities in the Luquillo
experimental forest. Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras,
P.R. May 23, 1989.
Centennial Symposium of the Institute of Tropical Forestry of the
U.S. Forest Service, San Juan, May 23-25; presentation and submitted
chapter: "Tropical Forest Systems" manuscript 80 pp.
Plenary presentation, national meeting of the Society of Wetland
Scientists, Orlando, June 2, 1989, "Large and Small Scale Processes
in Wetlands."
Rhode Island Short Course on EMERGY Evaluation (with E.C. Odum and
J. Arding) at Coastal Studies Institute, University of Rhode Island,
February 15-18.
Texas Short Course on EMERGY Evaluation and Simulation, Texas Dept.
of Agriculture, March 20-25, 1989.
Collaboration with coauthor, Dr. R.J. Beyers on writing book
manuscript Ecological Microcosms." Dr. Beyers on 2 week working
visit in Gainesville, August, 1988; H.T. Odum at University of South
Alabama, Mobile, May 1-16, 1989. Eight chapters submitted to
publisher for negotiations. Book is half done.
Additional chapters written for book "EMERGY Analysis and Public
Policy" on contract with John Wiley, presently 400 pages manuscript
with disk of computational and simulation programs of examples.
This is intended as syllabus-text for University of Florida course
in Energy Analysis.
Presentation of invited paper at Simulation Society meeting,
Orlando. Paper was submitted and accepted for the journal
Simulation. Title of paper: Energy Systems Models for Economic
Development.
30
1988-89 (continued)
Three field trips to Sapp Superfund site, Jackson Co., Florida with
staff of Department of Environmental Regulation and Florida students
to initiate study of the role of wetlands in filtering toxic levels
of lead.
Lecture to Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, June
15.
Completing final report for Florida Institute of Phosphate Research
project on Alternatives for Accelerating Ecological Engineering
Restoration of Lands after Mining; includes evaluation of seedling
success and spectral reflectance of reclamation stages. Also
finalizing our previous FIPR report after referee comments.
Lecture to UF ICAAS group on environmental significance of
carbon-dioxide trends, March 7, 1989. A new minimodel of world
carbon-dioxide was demonstrated that helps account for pliestocene
C02 records.
Field trip to Tamarick Bog wetlands in Maine in July 1988; field
trip to Pine-west Indian Hammock succession situation, Abaco,
Bahamas.
Honors and Awards:
Plaque presented by the Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences
Certificate of Appreciation for Pioneers and Peers from Simulation
Society, Orlando meeting
1989-90
Courses:
Fall 1989
EES 3008 Energy and Environment, 3 credits, 3 hr lect, 0 lab; 11 students
registered, 6 others attending, no evaluation.
ENV 6935 Systems-Energetics-Economic Research Seminar, 1 hr credit,
(required for our graduate students, and post doctoral sabbatical visitors
whether registered or not); 3 registered, 18 attending.
6 hour short course on Energy Systems Language for new students and
visitors.
Spring 1990
EES 5306 Energy Analysis (Co-taught with M.T. Brown), 2 credits, 2 hr
lecture, 0 lab; 18 students, no evaluation.
EES 6009 Ecological Economics (Co-taught with M.T. Brown), 1 credit, 1 hr
lecture, 0 lab; 17 students, no evaluation.
ENV 6935 Systems-Energetics-Economic Research Seminar, 1 hr credit,
(required for our graduate students, and post doctoral sabbatical visitors
whether registered or not). 7 registered, 20 attending.
6 hour short course on Energy systems language for new students.
Other Professional Activities:
Board of Editors, Ecological Economics
Ad hoc committee on Fellowships in Environmental Engineering for NSF
Board of the long term ecological research site, El Verde Puerto Rico
Meeting Presentations:
Florida Computer Education Meeting, Orlando, Fl., Jan 31-Feb 1. Presentation
of paper on Ecological Simulation with EXTEND (with E.C. Odum).
Keynote speaker for the Ecological Economics and Forestry meeting organized
by the Northern States Division of the U.S. Forest Service, Minneapolis,
April 2-5, 1990. EMERGY evaluation of forest production, utilization, and
trade. Accompanied by graduate student Steven Doherty who also gave a paper.
Florida Marsh Conference, Florida A & M University, Tallahasse, Fl. May 1-2,
1990. Two papers: (1) EMERGY evaluation of Florida marshes; (2) Metabolism
of Florida marshes and their contribution to coastal economy.(with D.
Hornbeck); also collaborating on the general introductory paper with Clay
Montague. These papers are for a volume to be edited by E. Coultas at
Florida A & M University, Tallahassee.
World Bank Conference on Ecological Economics, Washington, D.C., May 21-23,
1990. Two papers: (1) Comparison of EMERGY analysis and input-output
embodied energy accounting; (2) EMERGY analysis of shrimp pond mariculture
and foreign trade in Ecuador (with J. Arding).
33
1989-90 (continued)
Honors and Awards:
A Scientific Symposium on Systems Ecology was held by former students and
associates in my honor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
Sept. 1989 with 75 registered. A ceramic plaque of an ecologist in nature
was presented. An honorary festschrift volume is in preparation by C. Hall
for University Press of Colorado.
Former Crafoord Prize winners gave a special symposium of the Swedish Royal
Academy of Science on Cross Fields Synthesis in Stockholm, September 1989;
my lecture; Energy hierarchy in earth systems and cosmology
Elected to Board of Governors of Tropical Ecology.
1990-91
Courses:
Fall 1990
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 hr credit, 1.5 hrs lecture, 4 students
registered, 16 others attending.
Spring 1991
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 hr credit, 1.5 hrs lecture, 4 students
registered, 20 others attending.
EES 5305C, Ecological and General Systems, 3 hrs credit, 3 hrs
lecture, 25 registered, 10 others attending
Programmed blocks and simulations with student explanations for introductory
systems teaching with the new program EXTEND (with E.G. Odum).
Short courses on Energy Systems in Taiwan, for extension programs in
Gainesville, and for new students at the Center for Wetlands.
Taught 3 weeks of Environmental Meteorolgy for Dr. Wayne Huber during his
absence.
Lectures:
School of Forestry and Peabody Museum, Yale University, N.H. Conn, June 1990.
Centre for Resources, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, N. Zealand:
2 lectures on Hierarchy and EMERGY Analysis July, 1990
Four day Short Course on Energy Systems, Simulation and EMERGY Analysis
at School of Planning, Taipei, Taiwan, August, 1990
Biology and Chemistry Department, Guangzo, China
Institute of Systems Ecology, Beijing, China
Department of Ecological Engineering, Manchuria, China
Penn State Conference on Biodiversity, Nov. 1990: EMERGY Evaluation of
Biodiversity
Physical Chemistry Dept., University of Siena, Italy,
International Conference on Ecological Economics
International Ecological Congress, Yokahama, Japan:
Computer demonstration of simulations with EXTEND (with E.C.Odum);
EMERGY Evaluation of Conservation Alternatives (AMAON symposium)
Amer. Assoc. Advanc. Science, Washington, D.C. January 12-17, 1990:
Destruction as a General Systems and EMERGY Evaluation of War
Other University Activities:
Director, Center for Wetlands, University of Florida
Advisor on EMERGY analysis and simulation to visiting scientists:
(1) Dr. Barbara Welch, University of Conn., New London, Long Island Sound;
4 day visit, December, 1990.
(2) Dr. Antonio Philomena, Fund. Universidade de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil; 5
day visit, May, 1991.
1990-91 (continued)
Other Professional Activities:
Advisory Committee site visit, NSF Long term Ecological Research Project on Rain
Forest, Puerto Rico, January 16-21, 1991.
Ad hoc committee on Global Change and Engineering, National Science Foundation,
March 25-28, 1991.
President Elect of the International Systems Science Society; Colorado
Preparations for 1992 meeting.
With E.C. Odum, finalized Programs and Syllabus for BIOQUEST, a computer teaching
unit to be published by Addison Wesley.
President-elect, International Society for the Systems Sciences at Portland
meeting.
Advisor on Dept. of Energy Hydrogen Evaluation project of Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering of Univ. of Miami (weekend participation only).
Advisor to project of Texas Dept. of Agriculture and LBJ School of Public Affairs
of The University of Texas at Austin on Alternate Fuels for Transportation
(expenses only).
1991-92
Courses:
Fall 1991
EES 3008, Energy and Environment, 3 hrs credit, 3 hrs lecture,
51 students registered.
EES 6905, Graduate Energy and Environment, 3 hrs credit, 3 hrs
lecture, 6 students registered.
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 hr credit, 1.5 hrs lecture, 16
registered, 24 others attending. (Co-taught with Mark Brown.)
Spring 1992
EES 5306, Energy Analysis, 2 hrs credit, 2 hrs lecture, 19
students registered.
EES 6009, Ecological Economics, 1 hr credit, 1 lecture hr, 28
students registered.
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 hr credit, 1.5 hrs lecture, 17
registered, 3 others attending. (Co-taught with Mark Brown.)
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
AAAS Symposium, Chicago, Feb. 6, 1992
Presentation on EMERGY Evaluation of Biodiversity at the Global Change
Institute Workshop on Biodiversity, Aspen, Col., Aug., 1991
EMERGY Evaluation of Environment, American Institute of Biological Sciences,
and Ecological Society of America, San Antonio, Texas, Aug., 1991
Lecture given to Biospheres II, Oracle Arizona: Self Organization and
Ecological Microcosms, Sept., 1991
Short Course on General Systems Approaches to Mental Health given to Annual
Conference on Family Psychology, Georgetown University, Nov., 1991
Presentations at the International Society for Systems Science meeting,
Ostersund, Sweden, July 1991:
Destruction and Power in General Systems and
Presidents Plenary Lecture
Discussant and critic at Final Presentations of 12 students at EMERGY
Evaluation Course, Forest College Garpenberg, Sweden (course in which our
graduate student Stephen Doherty was co-instructor)
Presentation on EMERGY Evaluation and Public Policy to Swedish Academy of
Forestry and Agriculture, Stockholm
Demonstration of Marine Systems Simulation Program at Marine Science
Institute, University of Texas, Aug., 1991
1991-92 (continued)
Academic and-Professional Service:
Presentation, Systems Ecology, to Eastside High School Honors Group
Half day presentations on systems approaches for reorganizing
Florida Education, made to the Florida State University State
Education Project, October, 1991
Presentation of General Systems Approaches for Reorganizing Public
Education, made to Mid Continental Education Staff in Denver,
March, 1991
Project (E.C. Odum and H.T. Odum) with Univ. of Florida Center for
Environmental Education to revise our High School Text on Florida
Environmental Systems, including Ecological Economics emphasis
Further work on EXTEND-based elementary ecology teaching software,
being published as part of BIOQUEST package; presentations in
San Antonio at AIBS meeting
Provided a circular article to Biospheres II for making a terrestrial
microcosm in schoolrooms
President, International Society for Systems Science,
and Organizer of 1992 Annual Meeting in Denver
Organizer of 1992 Symposium on Energy Alternatives of the American
Association for Advancement of Science, Chicago, Feb. 6, 1992
Advisory Board of National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological
Research Site, Rainforest in Puerto Rico
Editorial Board, Ecological Engineering
Editorial Board, Ecological Economics
Board of Governors, Tropical Ecology
Advice to Cynthia Chestnut on Wetlands Legislation
Presentation, Environmental Evaluation, Sierra Club
Aid to Santa Fe Community College on setting up data recording
system for Paynes Prairie NSF teaching project
Development of Simulation Overview Model for Biospheres II
Collaboration in the writing of a school booklet: Environmental
Systems of Ecuador, through an Ecuador AID project of the the
Coastal Resources Center, Univ. of Rhode Island.
1992-93
Courses:
Fall 1992
ENV 3000, Environment and Humanity, 3 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 50 students
registered.
EES 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 hr cr, 1.5 hr lecture, 10 students
registered, 25 others attending (students who have already registered
for this in previous years).
10 Hour Short Course, 15 students attending.
Spring 1993
EES 5305C, Ecological and General Systems, 3 hrs credit, 3 hrs lecture,
35 students registered.
EES 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 1.5 hrs lecture, 4 registered, 25
others attending.
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
Fisheries Workshop on the Gulf of Maine, Harvard University, June 16-18, 1992.
Lecture on "EMERGY and International Exchange", at AID Workshop, Coastal
Resources Institute, Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, R.I., June 19, 1992.
Presidential Address, International Society for Systems Science annual meeting
at the University of Denver, CO, July 10-11, 1992.
Paper on "EMERGY and Information," International Society for Systems Science
annual meeting at the University of Denver, CO, July 10-11, 1992.
Short Course, "Energy Systems, Simulation and EMERGY Evaluation,"
International Society for Systems Science annual meeting at the University of
Denver, CO, July 10-11, 1992.
Lecture on "Principles of Self Organization," and demonstration of simulation
models, Biosphere 2, Oracle, AZ, July 22-23, 1992.
Plenary speaker, "EMERGY and Natural Capital," Wallenberg Conference with the
International Society of Ecological Economics meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug
4, 1992.
Keynote speaker, "EMERGY Evaluation of Wetlands," International Wetlands
Conference, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 15, 1992.
Lectures on "EMERGY Evaluation of Environment," Free University of Amsterdam
and at the Dutch Environmental Protection Agency, Nov. 15-22, 1992.
Tropical Rainforest Modeling workshop, NSF LTER project, San Juan, Puerto
Rico, Dec. 8-13, 1992.
1992-93 (continued)
Short course to Tropical Conservation Group, Grinter Hall, March 2-4, 1992.
Lecture at the Conference on Energy and Environment, Engelberg, Switzerland,
Mar. 17, 1992.
Lecture to the Swiss Federal Water Resources and Water Pollution Control
Agency at Dubendorf, Switzerland, Mar. 19, 1992.
Luncheon talk, Florida Society for Lake Management, Deland, FL, Apr. 14, 1992.
Short course on Coastal management, Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency,
Taipei, Taiwan, Apr. 20-21, 1993.
Keynote speaker, Conference on Environmental Quality and Urban Development,
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Apr. 22, 1992.
Keynote speaker at the Conference of the State Government of Sao Paulo on
ENERGIA INCORPORADO, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May, 1992.
Other University Activities:
Department Monetary contributions see attached list
Development of new Center for Environmental Policy see attached sheet
Computer and Promotion Committees
Preparing new courses: Alternative outlines for ENV 3000; Ecological
Engineering-Simulation Syllabus for 1994
University Work on committee organizing new Core Curriculum for the
Environmental College
Monthly meeting of Graduate Research Professors
Initiating and writing part of the interdepartmental Ecology degree for
Graduate School for consideration by Board of Regents
Developing Center for Environmental Policy see attached sheet
Participation in Barney Capehart's monthly Energy Forum
High School Service Revision of introductory book "Energy and Environment in
Florida" (with E.G. Odum and M.T. Brown)
Participation in developing proposals in Nancy Arney's Center for
Environmental Education
Half day lectures and computer demonstration, Thomas Jefferson Science High
School, May 16, 1993
Finalized BioQUEST Ecological Simulation Package (based on EXTEND) and
teaching manual now being published in a compact disk for schools (with
E.C. Odum)
Presentation of modelling and simulation materials for schools to Florida
State University, Project on Educational Curricula
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Mission Staements for
BOR-Appmved TYPE I, U, M, and IV Centers & Institutes
Engineering
Name of Center: Center for Environmental Policy Type: 11
Director: Howard T. Odum Address: 424 Black Hall
PO Box 116450
The Center for Environmental Policy is a cluster of teaching and research on energy systems, systems ecology, ecological economics, and ecological engineering
that is the basis for environmental policy. It is the focus of the scientific studies started within the Center for Wetlands in 1973 and moved to 423--424 Black Hall in
1991, with some activities continuing within Phelps Laboratory. Faculty participating include H.T. Odum, M.T. Brown, and C. Montague.
Missions of the Center for Environmental Policy: 1) Through graduate research, seek the principles of self organization of systems generally, especially those of
the environment and human development. 2) Develop aggregated but realistic simulation models for the systems of environment and human ecology. 3) Use
energy-based measures of work, such as EMERGY, spelled with an "M," to evaluate alternative environmental resource uses and policies. Test the theory that
maximum performance comes from designs that maximize EMERGY production and use. 4) Develop plans, guidelines, and computation manuals to link
environment and economy of Florida symbolically. Evaluate ecological engineering methods for adapting technology with environmental self design. 5) Develop
policies, plans, and numerical predictions for the periods of growth, transition, and descent ahead and the means for making these stages of oscillation sustainable
in the long run. 6) By developing new workbooks, texts, and software programs, assist the teaching departments to develop curricula and graduates that can
evaluate alternatives of environmental management. Center related courses include: Environment and Society, Energy and Environment, Energy Analysis,
Ecological Engineering, Ecological Economics, Environmental Planning, Ecological and General Systems (Systems Ecology), Dynamic Simulation and General
Systems Seminar. 7) Maintain an international exchange program with other centers of energy systems research, accepting about two visiting scholars at a time
from other countries, giving short courses in collaborating centers, and developing joint projects.
C-
0
1994-95 Annual Report to the sus Board of Regents. July 95NW/Academic Affair
July 95NW/Academic Affair
1994-95 Annual Report to the SUS Board of Regents.
1992-93 (continued)
Other Professional Activities:
President, International Society for Systems Science: Two trips to Denver and
one to Pocatello Idaho to organize and preside at Annual Meeting, July,
1992; arranged annual program, monthly conference calls, chairman of
Nominating Committee, editorials for Annual Bulletin, proposal to EPA
for support of meeting, arranged invited keynote speakers, arrangements
for Yearbook.
Editorial Board of new journal, Ecological Economics, in 1992
Co-chairman Steering Committee for the NSF Long Term Ecological Research
Site Rainforest al El Verde, Puerto Rico, Annual Review, January, 1993
Advisor, Systems Ecology Institute, Beijing, China; wrote component of
collaboration proposal
Draft of Energy Systems booklet for education in Ecuador (for translation)
(arranged through AID project of Coastal Studies Institute, U. of Rhode
Island).
Preparation of a Wetlands Mitigation Manual for Florida (unfinished).
Meetings with State Energy Office on alternative energy for Florida.
Including local and state issues in our weekly systems seminar
discussion, using visitors to raise the questions concerning their agency
(examples: Florida composting, wetland mitigation, botany garden, homestead
restoration, hydrogen potentials, Rodman pool, Paynes Prairie).
Honors and Awards:
President, International Society for the Systems Sciences
Edward S. Deevey Award of the Florida Lake Management Society, Apr. 14, 1993
1993-94
Courses:
Fall 1993
EES 3008, Energy and Environment, 3 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 34 students
registered.
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 2 hr lecture, 7 students registered,
25 attending (students who have already registered for this in previous
years)
Spring 1994
EES 5306, Energy Analysis, 2 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 12 students registered
EES 6009, Ecological Economicws, 2 cr, 2 lecture hrs, 9 students
registered
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, I cr, 2 hr lecture, 8 students registered,
25 attending (students who have already registered for this in previous
years)
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
Short Course on EMERGY Evaluation and Energy Systems Models, with E.C. Odum,
in Sydney, Australia, at the international meeting of the International Society
for Systems Science, as outgoing president, Aug., 1993.
Presentation defining Ecological Engineering to the National Research Council,
Washington, DC, May, 1993.
Keynote presentation on Regional Ecological Engineering Management to the
Florida Lake Management Society, Orlando, Apr., 1994.
Presentation of latest developments of Energy Systems Symbol Modules for EXTEND
at the American Institute of Biological Science meeting in Knoxville, Tenn., 8/94.
Lecture on Use of EMERGY Evaluation to Determine the Effects of Diverting the
Apalachicola River, given at the Institute of Ecology in Athens, Ga., in
connection with a lawsuit, May, 1994.
NSF-sponsored Workshop for Mathematicians on Modelling at Salisbury State
University, June, 1993.
Lecture on General Systems View of Energy Hierarchy to Mathematics Department
of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. On the same trip, a general lecture
on Maximum Power Concepts was given to a convocation of the Inter-American
University, Mar., 1994.
Manuscript on the Pulsing Paradigm, presented to the Estuarine Society meeting
at Hilton Head, SC, Nov., 1993.
Presentation of Energy Systems and Environment program to Thomas Jefferson
Science High School, Arlington, VA, May, 1993.
Workshop on Programming Educational Software for Elementary Science Teaching,
Including New Ways of Using EXTEND, Beloit, Wis., June, 1993.
1993-94 (continued)
Other University Activities:
Department:
Aid to those developing the new Environmental College Curriculum
Participation on departmental computer committee
Short courses given in Australia, Taiwan, Salisbury MD, and
Gainesville
Monetary contributions see attached list
Public Schools:
Development of teaching workbooks
Development of teaching unit that includes EXTEND simulation of Biosphere2
Updating "Energy and Environment in Florida," adding illustrations
Proposals for extending our elementary environment text to other states
Other Professional Activities:
Advice on Environmental Management alternatives
given to our frequent visitors and phone inquiries
Starting to use America On Line and Internet
Honors and Awards:
Designated Honorary Editor by the journal Ecological Engineering
1994-95
Courses:
Fall 1994
EES 5305, Ecological and General Systems, 3 cr, 3 lecture hrs,
30 students registered
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 2 lecture hrs, 10 students
registered 20-30 attending (who have already registered for
this in previous years)
Spring 1995
EES 4370 (EES 6145, grad. sec.), Energy Analysis, 3 cr, 3
lecture hrs, 15 + 16 = 31 students registered
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 2 lecture hrs, 10 students
registered, 20-30 attending (who have already registered for
this in previous years)
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
EMERGY Evaluation of County Alternatives, presentation to Martin County Board
of County Commissioners Aug. 15-16, 1994.
International Seminar, Taiwan-Florida cities Project, Reitz Union, August 22,
1994, Lecture: Transformity and City Zonation.
Luncheon Lecture, Urban Runoff Conference, Dec. 12, 1994, Tallahassee, FL:
EMERGY Evaluation of Water Allocation Alternatives.
National Research Council, Ocean Studies Board, Gulf Regional Workshop on
Science and Policy, New Orleans, LA, Jan. 13-16, 1995.
NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program on Rain Forest, Annual Workshop, Rio
Piedras, PR, Jan. 13-16, 1995.
NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program Forest Service, Coweeta Watershed,
Franklin, NC, Feb. 5-8, Transformity and Watersheds.
Lecture at Space Biospheres Ventures, Oracle, AZ, Mar. 7, 1995, Simulation
Models of Biosphere 2.
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, Mar. 9-10, 1995,
Workshop to define mission of new Coastal Resources Center in Charleston, SC.
Lecture series on Landscape Ecology of Center for Biological Conservation,
Univ. of Florida, Reitz Union, Apr. 25, 1995: Adding Ecological Economics in
Landscape Ecology.
Earth Day Speaker Series, Reitz Union, Univ. of Florida, Apr. 20, 1995,
Environment, Power and Society Revisited.
Botany Dept. Iowa State University, Ames, Public lecture, Ecological Economics
and Global Futures, Modelling short course, Botany Dept. Seminar, and Aid to
Ann Russell in developing simulation model of Hawaiian O'hio and fern forest
on lava rock.
1994-95 (continued)
Department of Energy (ENEA), Government of Italy, Rome, May 21-28, 1995,
discussion of exergy-EMERGY concepts at the Dept. of Energy Center north of
Rome May 23; lecture on EMERGY and Policy, and Net EMERGY of Alternative
Energy Sources followed by cross examination session at ENEA headquarters May
24; discussion of energy in relation to antiquities and the Vatican, May 25;
work with Sergio Ulgiati on joint manuscript.
Lectures giving results of Taiwan-Florida project on Energy Basis of Cities,
Taipei, Taiwan, Jul. 12-20.
Lecture at "Imagine That" (the headquarters of the software corporation for
EXTEND), Energy Systems Modeling Using EXTEND, San Jose, CA, Jul. 25, 1995.
Ecological Engineering Symposium, Ecological Society of America meeting at
Snow, UT, EMERGY Evaluation of Ecological Engineering Systems, Aug. 4, 1995.
Other University Activities:
Department:
Director, Center for Environmental Policy (see narratlveg
Department computer committee
Organizednew course combining meteorology and oceanography
Edited yearbook for International Society for Systems Sciences
Curriculum Advisory Committee of the new Environmental College
Monetary contributions to Univ. programs
Attended Engineering Council meetings
Public Schools:
With E.C. Odum, prepared SIM-BI02, a simulation software exercise booklet for
introducing ecology. Given by ECO at state education meetings in Tallahassee
and Tampa (Global Ecology Program).
Update of Environmental Decision Making, software component using EXTEND, for
BioQuest (published CD).
Other Professional Activities:
Advisory Committee, NSF tong Term Ecological Research on Rain Forest, Puerto Rico
Academic Day with Dept. of Environmental Regulation on Ecosystem Management
Meeting with SCAN-advising on Emergy evaluation for wetland mitigation
2 meetings with staff of Martin County and mayor of Stuart, FL, on Emergy model
of alternative water uses
Editorial Board of Tropical Ecology
Editorial for Center for Wetlands newsletter on Paper Waste Recycling
Consulting Activities:
Honorarium received for consulting with Dept. of Energy of the Government of
Italy (ENEA), Rome.
Honors and Awards Received:
Received Honorary Doctor of Science degree from The Ohio State University,
Aug 31, 1995.
1995-96
Courses:
Fall 1995
EES 3008, Energy and Environment, 3 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 24 students
registered
ENV 6932, Energy and Environment, 3 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 6 students
(Grad section of ENV 3008)
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 10 students registered,
20-30 attending qho have already registered for this in previous years)
Spr 1996
EES 5306, Energy Analysis, 2 cr, 2 lecture hrd, 27 students registered
EES 6009, Ecological Engineering, 2 cr, 2 lecture hrs, 16 students registered
ENV 6935, Systems Seminar, 1 cr, 3 lecture hrs, 10 students registered,
20-30 attending (who have already registered for this in previous years)
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
Presented invited symposium paper at Ecological Society of America meeting in Utah
Lecture at Ohio State University Sept. 1, 1995, The Prosperous Way Down
Lecture on Cities, National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
Reitz Union panel presentation, Maximum Power Morality
Public Schools:
Donation of older computers, monitors and printers
Sitned contract with St. Lucie Press for book "Environment and Society in Florida"
Other Professional Activities:
Two trips to Stuart FL, planning meeting on Water Resources in Martin County
Honors and Awards Received:
Excellence Plaque from University of Florida, May 1, 1996
Granted Emeritus status upon retirement May 9, 1996
1996-97
Courses:
Fall 1996 and Spr 1997
Held weekly group discussion meeting with the graduate students
supervised or co-supervised
Conference Presentations and Invited lectures:
Ecological Summit meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark Sept. 1996 (H.T. Odum, M.T.
Brown and several students)
Guest speaker at the Centennial meeting of the Austrian Academy of Science,
Vienna, May 1997. Paper: Limits to information and Biodiversity in the
Future to be published in an Academy book
Book Contracts Books Completed and Sent to Publishers:
Environment and Society in Florida, St. Lucie/CRC Press (H.T. Odum, E.C. Odum
and M.T. Brown
Modelling for All Scales, Academic Press (H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum)
The Prosperous Way Down, University Press of Colorado,(H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum)
Editorial Board:
International Journal of Power and Energy Systems. Published by IASTED
(International Association of Science and Technology for Development),
Anaheim, Calgary, Zurich.
1997-98
Courses:
Fall 1997 and Spr 1998
Held weekly group discussion meeting with the graduate students
supervised or co-supervised
Conference Presentations and Invited Lectures:
Made a presentation at the International Systems Society meeting at Georgia Tech,
Atlanta, GA.
Made a presentation at the Baltimore meeting of the Ecological Society of America
and associated societies.
Reported project results at the annual meeting of the Long Term Ecological Research
network in Puerto Rico.
At the meeting of the International Society of Ecological Modeling, presented a
proposal for adoption of energy systems diagramming as a procedure for
communicating model understanding, included in the subsequent ISlM newsletter.
Presented paper Emergy Evaluation at the energy analysis workshop at Porto Venere,
Italy, included in the proceedings volume Advances in Energy Studies--Energy Flows
in Ecology and Economy.
Gave a presentation of emergy accounting to an island-wide economics convocation
in Sardinia.
An honoree at two-day centennial meeting of the Center for Wetlands, interacting
with many former students and colleagues.
Made a presentation on emergy evaluation to the Florida Department of
Environmental Protection's public lands meeting at Palm Coast.
Visited Yucatan coast experimental site, an ecologically engineered wetland unit for
a tourist hotel, as major professor of Ph.D. project of Mark Nelson.
In collaboration with lawyer Stephen Medina, did an emergy-emdollar evaluation of
the alternatives for pulp mill wastes of North Florida, presented to the St. Johns Water
Management District and some preliminary hearings on the Fenholloway River
remediation.
Book Contracts Books Completed and Sent to Publishers:
Final version of Modelling for All Scales (H.T. and E.C. Odum) sent to Academic press.
Signed contract with CRC Press to publish Sendzimir project report Wetlands for
Heavy Metals and Society: Wetland Removal of Lead for Manufacturing and
Environment, after update and revision.
49
Completing final revision of The Prosperous Way Down for University Press of
Colorado.
Signed contract with John Wiley for revised edition of 1971 book Environment, Power
and Society.
Co-edited with Bruno Marino at Harvard, a volume of 25 papers on Biosphere 2:
Introduction and Research Progress for Ecological Engineering Journal. It will also
be a book from Elsevier.
Honors and Awards Received:
Award in Recognition of Contributions to Advances in Energy Studies, from the
International Workshop Advances in Energy Studies of the 23rd Congress of Science
and Technology, Porto Venere, Italy.
1998-1999
Center for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences
Howard T. Odum, Graduate Research Professor, Emeritus
Mission and Areas of Focus
The Center for Environmental Policy is a cluster of teaching and research on energy systems,
systems ecology, ecological economics, and ecological engineering that is the basis for
environmental policy. Objectives: 1) Seek the principles of self organization of systems of the
environment and economy; 2) develop realistic overview simulation models; 3) use energy-based
measures of work to evaluate environmental alternatives and policies; 4) develop projections and
plans for adapting to diminished resources in the future; 5) publish the 25 year backlog of
unpublished research reports; 6) develop texts for teaching environmental policy.
In the past the Center has been a means for obtaining substantial funds for graduate student
research that synthesizes classical disciplines related to environment. In the current and next year,
the center is now in a stage emphasizing publication, taking advantage of an emeritus Director
working full time (on retirement funds).
1. Publications that came out in 1998-99 are listed on the main publications list of the big vitae,
2. Book manuscripts in Preparation:
A. Page proofs have been returned to Academic Press for the forthcoming introductory text,
Modeling for All Scales, (H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum). It will include a CD-ROM with teaching
programs. A duplicated draft of the manuscript was used in the Ecological and General Systems
course in the department during the year. Some sections were used in a course at Santa Fe
Community College. The book includes a chapter on use of STELLA written by Univ. of Florida
graduate students Dave Tilley and Jay Martin (now at LSU).
B. After publishers returned suggestions of their reviewers, our book The Prosperous Way
Down, (H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum) was revised and returned and is now in press with the
University Press of Colorado.
C. Book manuscript on Sendzimir Project: Wetland Removal of Lead for Manufacturing and
Society was completed (results of our joint project with an engineering group in Poland). A
contract was obtained with CRC Press for its publication. Because some months were required to
revise and process two other books (A & B above), we had to ask for a time extension. With the
collaboration of J.J. Delfino, we have to respond to criticisms received and bring the manuscript up
to date.
D. A contract was signed with John Wiley, NY, to revise the 1971 book Environment. Power and
Society (out of print). This is the next priority. It provides an opportunity to get a broader
audience for our results and concepts such as the energy hierarchy law, the multi-pulsing cosmos,
the spatial energy organization of cities, and Emergy evaluations. Ms. Joan Breeze typed the book
to disk earlier.
E. Publication of a new book (Biosphere 2, Introduction and Research) containing 22 research
papers on Biosphere 2 was edited by Bruno Marino (Harvard U.) and H.T. Odum and is expected
this month from Elsevier. This is also a special issue of the journal Ecological Engineering edited
by former student W.J. Mitsch. Papers were from the three periods of management of Biosphere
2. We had to arrange refereeing-editing around the recriminations and public controversy over the
changes in management of Biosphere 2. Five of the chapters were written by University of Florida
students and faculty, some based on our earlier modeling contract (Mark Nelson, Daeseok Kang,
Linda Leigh, Victor Engel and H.T. Odum). Victor Engel is now completing his Ph.D. at Columbia
University with more work on Biosphere 2.
F. Revision of the 1976 and 1982 book Energy Basis for Man and Nature (out of print) is being
done as low priority. Copyright was returned from McGraw Hill to the authors (H.T. Odum and
E.C. Odum). In a task that is 2/3 completed, Ms. Joan Breeze, Secretary, used our black and white
scanner to bring text to disk with OCR software and revised the scanned diagrams to vector form
using CANVAS.
G. Ecological and General Systems (older name: Systems Ecology; by H.T. Odum) was sold out
again at University Press of Colorado, but they indicated that they will reprint it. A Korean
language translation is being completed by Professor Seok S. Lee at Korean Women's University.
H.T. Odum paid Daeseok Kang, our graduate student, to check the correct use of concepts in that
translation. Translations were already published in Chinese and Indonesian.
H. Book of Transformity Tables. Our proposals for a funded project to accelerate a book
tabulating transformities, were not funded. We will send out additional proposals this year. A
skeleton draft of the book will be circulated at the September conference on Transformity and
Energy Quality organized by M.T. Brown and S. Ulgiati for Gainesville Sept. 2-4, 1999.
3. U.S. Forest Service projects-International Institute for Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras.
PR.
A new project, Comparing the Rainforest in Biosphere 2 with the Real Rainforest at El Verde,
Puerto Rico was proposed, funded, and additional monies received ($7000 & $6000). (Rainforest
in Biosphere 2 has almost no insects, birds, pollinators). This work is to be included in the Ph.D.
dissertation being completed by Linda Leigh on biodiversity and self organization. She visited the
El Verde research station in May. Additional measurements may be scheduled within Biosphere 2
(Arizona) later in the year.
With results of the earlier Forest Service projects, papers for publication were prepared containing
the thesis-dissertation work on emergy evaluation and tropical forest restoration (Masters Paper
by Pushker Kharecha, a Masters Thesis by Robert. Kent and an earlier Doctoral Dissertation by
Steven. Doherty). A summary paper is in press as a U.S. Forest Service Bulletin: Scatena, F.N.,
S.J. Doherty, H.T. Odum, and P. Kharecha, An Emergy Evaluation of Puerto Rico and the Luquillo
Experimental Forest.
Another paper, Emergy Evaluation of Six Reforestation Alternatives (H.T. Odum, S. Doherty, F.
Scatena, and P. Kharecha) was declined by one journal and then sent to Forest Science. Based on
three reviews, the editor invited resubmission with consolidated tables and other changes. This
paper was presented May 26, 1999, at the International Conference on Tropical Reforestation in
San Juan.
The paper by Kent, Odum, and Scatena (Robert Kent Masters Thesis) on Early Plant Succession
in Rainforest under Eutrophic Conditions (experimental plots with pig wastes), has gone to a
second journal where it is out with referees.
4. Species Diversity and Biosphere 2. Principles are under study relating diversity to resources,
colonization, and self organization. Linda Leigh is completing her Ph.D. dissertation on diversity
and the tropical rainforest part of Biosphere 2. H.T. Odum's paper on Energy Limits of
Information and Biodiversity, given at the Austrian Academy of Science in Vienna, was published
in their Centennial volume. H.T. Odum and Jan Sendzimir gave a paper at the International Society
for Systems Science in Atlanta on Limits to Memory (published in their proceedings CD).
5. Korean Exchange. Professor Suk Mo Lee, visiting scholar, participated in our center activity
1998-1999, funded by Pusan University, to simulate the Korean economy, including emergy
evaluation of international exchange. Several simulation models were developed tracing economic
difficulties in Korea to bad emergy exchange in trade and investment. With the help of a graduate
assistantship from Engineering in his last term, Daeseok Kang completed his Ph.D. with
dissertation on Pulsing and Maximum Power and returned to a job in Seoul.
6. Ecological Engineering of Coastal Wastewater Treatment Units. Mark Nelson completed
his Ph.D. degree, which included ecologically engineering a new kind of post-septic tank treatment
for tropical coasts with two concrete-boxed units operating with saltwater sewage in Akumal,
Yucatan. The wetland vegetation developed high diversity, growing in limestone gravels with
overflow into mangroves. Professor D. Spangler, Mark Brown and H.T. Odum visited the site.
Work included evaluation on three scales (wetland ecosystem, hydrologic and nutrient budgets, and
emergy evaluation of the unit's potential role economically protecting coral reef waters in coastal
tourist development).
7. Energy System of the Global Earth. Using object oriented programming of EXTEND, H,T.
and E.C. Odum developed a global minimodel EARTHSYS and instruction manual written up for
introductory teaching (also in use at UF), which was published in the latest BioQUEST software
CD from Beloit College. This was presented by E.C. Odum at the American Institute of Biological
Science meetings in Baltimore in August. H.T. Odum presented a paper entitled Energy Hierarchy
of the Earth at the International Society of System Sciences meeting at Georgia Tech in July. A
written version was published in the conference CD-Rom. H.T. Odum collaborated with Dan
Campbell, former student at EPA in Rhode Island, in publication of a new transformity for oceanic
tidal energy. Mark Brown and Sergio Ulgiati reevaluated the global emergy in a paper in press with
AMBIO. Emergy evaluation of a forested watershed in North Carolina was completed by Dave
Tilley, working with Dr. Mark Brown. Work included emergy evaluation of the energetic of dry
air and its role in accelerating terrestrial plant production through transpiration.
8. Integration and Spread of Emergy Evaluation. Odum and Brown attended the Energy
Analysis Workshop in Porto Venere, Italy. The published proceedings papers include the several
approaches to energy analysis (energy accounting, exergy, input-output embodied energy, emergy,
economic, materials-balance energetic, etc). Robert Herendeen arranged a symposium on energy
analysis and follow-up of the Italy meeting at the International Society of Ecological Modeling in
Baltimore in August. H.T. Odum arranged an Energy Systems and Value symposium at the
International Systems Society in the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech in July. A
position paper on Valuation was prepared for the journal Ecological Systems by E.P. Odum and
H.T. Odum. A summary of activities was put on Dr. Brown's Systems Ecology website from the
Center of Wetlands.
An invitation was accepted and emergy evaluation concepts were presented to a convocation of
economics departments of three Universities on the island of Sardinia (Italy) in June 1998. A
preliminary model was made of their luxury settlements for European millionaires and its
relationship to the economy of Sardinia.
A guest lecture and written paper on Emergy Evaluation of Public Land Purchasing was given at
the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Land Conference at Palm Coast in December.
Collaboration continued with Dennis Collins of the Department of Mathematics, University of
Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, at the ISSS meetings in Atlanta, and with a visit by H.T. Odum to
Mayaguez. Collins prepared procedures, programs, and proof for easy application of the method
of emergy and transformity evaluation from simultaneous equations of energy transformations
discovered by Murray Patterson (New Zealand). A joint paper is in preparation.
Participation by Robert J. King, Austin, Texas, in emergy evaluation has been renewed, currently
concerning energy analysis of wind power, aided by new laws in the Texas Legislature.
After visiting for orientation on emergy concepts, Susan Howe, graduate student at Colorado State
University, is evaluating alternative water uses from a watershed of the Rocky Mountains for her
Master's degree, seeking our input by fax.
H.T. Odum participated in the University of Florida Rinker Building Construction Workshop on
Metabolism and Construction in May. A paper is being submitted for that conference volume
comparing the characteristics of pulsing in ecosystems to sustainable building cycles including a
summary of the emergy-emdollar values of materials.
9. Exotics in Ecological Engineering. The paper on our earlier NSF U.S.A.-New Zealand
project by George Knox, H.T. Odum, and Dan Campbell, The Ecology of a Salt Marsh at
Havelock, New Zealand Dominated by the Invasive Marsh Grass Spartina Anglica, after revisions
based on referees critiques, was resubmitted to a New Zealand Journal. The best reforestation
alternative for Puerto Rico according to our emergy evaluation (see #3 above) was a naturally
spreading exotic tree.
10. Minimodel Simulation. The methodology of capturing the essence of systems issues and
problems with minimodels was involved in all our projects, publications, and student theses and
dissertations. Continuing an earlier interaction, former University of Florida student Ann Russell,
now on the staff at Iowa State University, visited, participated in our seminar, and worked on her
model of the Ohia-fern cloud forest of Hawaii.
5
A paper advocating our energy systems diagrammatic methods for making everyone's models more
usable and understandable was presented at the International Society for Ecological Modeling, and
subsequently that paper was distributed in their fall newsletter. It included our simple model for
relating low diversity to available resources and high diversity to tight recycling.
11. H.T. Odum participated in Dr. Mark Brown's Graduate Systems Seminar meeting 4-6 pm
on Thursday. This seminar includes summer meetings.
12. H.T. Odum held a weekly group discussion meeting with a small group of graduate
students, visitors, or other faculty at 4:00 pm on Wednesdays. Each of the persons attending
usually brought some research result, question, new book, or controversy for discussion.
13. Full use was made of the Center for Environmental Policy space in 423 Black Hall
(workshop room with seven student desks and large seminar-work table in the center). The side
room was assigned to post-doctoral instructor, Dr. Stephen Doherty. Desks were occupied by
Visiting Scholar Professor S. M. Lee, Linda Leigh, Mark Nelson, Daeseok Kang, and graduate
students of Dr. Montague. The open work table was used for committee meetings, students
spreading out their projects, and undergraduates studying together, and the Wednesday discussion
meeting. The Power Mac with OS-8.5 and the Pentium PC with Windows 3.1 are still in use,
although most students now have faster computers. Both have CANVAS, QUICKBASIC,
EXTEND, and WORD6.
14. The plan and policy this year for H.T. Odum was to take no new students, but to see
students through to their degrees based on earlier commitments.
Daeseok Kang--completed his Ph.D. during the summer (dissertation on Pulsing and Maximum
Power).
J. Patel--completed the last paper required by his committee and graduated. (relating environmental
systems and law).
Mark Nelson--(co-supervisor M.T. Brown) completed his Ph.D. and graduated at Christmas
(Ecological Engineering of Saline Wastewater Treatments for Tropical Coastal Developments).
Linda Leigh--scheduled to complete Ph.D. degree this summer (Diversity and Self Organization in
Biosphere 2).
Sherry Brandt-Williams (co-supervisor T. Crisman)--scheduled to complete Ph.D. degree this year
(Simulation and Evaluation of Watershed Control of Lakes of Florida).
Cynthia Irvin, a former student, now Ecologist for Jacksonville, is reapplying in order to reactivate
her unfinished Masters Degree program.
15. H.T. Odum used personal funds (originally prize money) to aid the programs. See
attached list from tax records for calendar year 1998. $36,851.
1999-2000
Center for Environmental Policy
Environmental Engineering Sciences
Mission Statement:
The Center for Environmental Policy, a part of the Department of Environmental Engineering
Sciences, was created in 1991 continuing work that started in the Center for Wetlands in 1973. The
Center conducts research and aids teaching on energy systems, systems ecology, ecological
economics, and ecological engineering that are the basis for environmental policy. While developing
new concepts, emphasis is now on publishing in books and journal papers the extensive research
results in unpublished project reports, theses, and dissertations.
Participants: Howard T. Odum, Mark T. Brown, Clay Montague, Steven. Doherty, John
McLachlan-Karr and David Scienceman (Australia), Dennis Collins (Univ. of Puerto Rico), David
Tilley, Linda Leigh, Sherry Brandt-Williams, Elisabeth C. Odum, and Joan Breeze.
Summary of Work 1999-2000
1. Publications that came out in 1999-2000 are listed on the main publications list of this big vitae.
The list includes the 3 new books:
A. Academic Press published our book Modeling for All Scales, an Introduction to Simulation, 458
pp., by H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum. It includes a CD-ROM with teaching programs developed in
systems courses here over a 20 year period. Students are led from verbal thinking to mathematical
models using energy systems diagrams. Included are the object-oriented programs for EXTEND,
which we programmed to supply equations automatically when systems symbols are connected on
screen. It starts simulation with simple BASIC programming, as a better way to introduce principles
than with complex menu driven programs like VISUALBASIC. The book includes a chapter on use
of STELLA written by our former graduate students David Tilley and Jay Martin.
B. Elsevier published the book Biosphere 2, Research Past and Present, 356 pp., containing 22
research papers on Biosphere 2, edited by Bruno Marino (Harvard U.) and H.T. Odum. Five of the
chapters were written by University of Florida students and faculty, some based on our earlier
modeling contract (Mark Nelson, Daeseok Kang, Linda Leigh, Victor Engel and H.T. Odum). The
book was also a special issue of the journal Ecological Engineering. Other Florida faculty helped as
referees.
C. On May 17 2000, CRC Press is publishing the book:
Heavy Metals and Environment, Using Wetlands for Their Removal, 301 pp., by H.T. Odum, W.
Wojcik, L. Pritchard, S. Ton, J.J. Delfino, M. Wojcik, J.D. Patel, S.J. Doherty, and J. Stasik. This
completes our 10 year Project: Wetland Removal of Lead for Manufacturing and Society funded by
the D.T. Sendzimir Foundation, a joint project of our Centers for Wetlands and for Env. Policy and a
Team from Krakow, Poland, working on Polish wetlands filtering lead and zinc for 300 years. It
includes field studies, reviews, and emergy evaluation at landscape and national level.
Because CRC Press made a change in its graphics operations to require electronic format of a
particular kind, we had to convert 95 diagrams that were in CANVAS 3.54 to ILLUSTRATOR 8.
Learning the conversions and new graphics program took 2 months.
2. Preparation of Book Manuscripts:
A. After publishers returned suggestions of their reviewers, our book The Prosperous Way Down,
(H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum) was revised and returned, to the University Press of Colorado at
Niwot last year. Apparently it still created controversy within the Press Board, causing delay. The
press manager now says a favorable vote was obtained, and the book is scheduled for Spring 2001.
Because of the year delay, the chapter on the state of the earth has to be updated.
B. Last year a contract was signed with John Wiley, NY, to revise the 1971 book Environment,
Power and Society (out of print). It provides an opportunity to get a broader audience for our
results and concepts such as the energy hierarchy laws, the spatial organization of energy and
materials, the pulsing paradigm, and Emergy evaluations. Ms Joan Breeze typed the book to disk
and put those diagrams that are to be reused into CANVAS. A new chapter on the energy hierarchy
of the earth was written. However, deadlines revising copy and processing proofs of the 3 other
books delayed completion of this manuscript. Wiley extended the contract with a November 2000
deadline.
C. Revision of the 1976 and 1982 book Energy Basis of Man and Nature (out of print) is nearly
complete. Copyright was returned from McGraw Hill to the authors (H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum).
Ms Joan Breeze, Secretary, used our black and white scanner to bring text to disk with OCR
software and revised the scanned diagrams to vector form using CANVAS. This book was written as
a text for our course Energy and Environment. It is being revised to include emergy (spelled with an
"m"). Since rising scarcity and prices of fossil fuels are likely to bring a new energy crisis, it is timely
to complete the revision now.
D. Ecological and General Systems (older name: Systems Ecology) by H.T. Odum) was sold out
again at University Press of Colorado, but they indicated that they will reprint it. Translations were
already published in Chinese and Indonesian. A Korean language translation is being completed by
Professor Seok S. Lee at Korean Women's University. Our former graduate student, Daeseok Kang,
now in Korea is helping to check the Korean version.
E. There has been a jump in sales H.T. Odum's 1996 book, Environmental Accounting, Emergy and
Decision Making, and Wiley Publishers are making a third printing. This time they agreed to include
the author's corrections of errors.
F. Even though we have not yet received project funding, The Center has begun to publish
Handbook of Emergy Evaluation, A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation, Issued in a
Series of Folios. Folio #1, Introduction and Global Budget, and Folio #2, Emergy of Global
Processes, are included with this report. Folios on agricultural emergy and land form emergy are in
preparation. An application was made for the Blasker Award for this work. We will send out
additional proposals for funds for this project.
G. Book on Energy Systems Economics. H.T. Odum taught the course "Ecological Economics"
three times, emphasizing the dynamic simulation of classical and environmental economics with the
energy systems methodology that separates but includes money circulation, energy transformations,
and emergy at the same time. This is a different and efficient way to introduce ecological economics
that is complementary to traditional economics. Ms Breeze will put the diagrams, models, and texts
from the course syllabus on disk so that a small book can be produced in another year.
3. Forest Service Project: Research sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service, Dept. of Agriculture-
International Institute for Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR. Three papers from earlier work are
now in press (a-c) and the fourth phase (d) is to be completed by October:
(a) The long summary paper in press as a U.S. Forest Service Bulletin: Scatena, F.N., S.J. Doherty,
H.T. Odum, and P. Kharecha, An Emergy Evaluation of Puerto Rico and the Luquillo Experimental
Forest is due out this year.
(b) The paper Emergy Evaluation of Reforestation Alternatives in Puerto Rico (H.T. Odum, S.
Doherty, F. Scatena, and P. Kharecha) is now accepted in press with the journal Forest Science. it
was also presented in May, 1999 at the International Conference on Tropical Reforestation in San
Juan.
(c) Kent, R., H.T. Odum and F.N. Scatena. The paper Eutrophic Overgrowth in the Self
Organization of Tropical Wetlands, which resulted from the pig waste experiments in rainforest
wetlands in Puerto Rico, is now accepted in press with the journal Ecological Engineering.
(d) Still in progress is the present phase: Comparing the Rainforest in Biosphere 2 with the Real
Rainforest at El Verde, Puerto Rico (Rainforest in Biosphere 2 has almost no insects, birds,
pollinators). Linda Leigh (one of the people who spent 2 years sealed in Biosphere 2) finished her
Ph.D. in our program at Christmas with dissertation on biodiversity and self organization.
Additional measurements may be scheduled within Biosphere 2 (Arizona) later in this year to
determine the diversity carrying capacity.
4. Area Studies:
(a) Emergy Evaluation of Cuba and Developing Countries
The Center arranged a visit to Cuba January 30-Feb. 5 giving a 7 lecture short course by H.T. Odum,
M. T. Brown, E.C. Odum, and D. Spangler in Havana, also visiting the wetlands and groundwater
sites of the Bay of Pigs. The meeting was sponsored by the Cuban Society of Architects and
Engineers. It was initiated through interactions of the Center's associate, John McLachlan-Karr
(Australian passport), interacting with Eng.-Dr. Alberto Calvo Gonzalez at the University in
Havana. We are seeking funds from Univ. of Florida divisions to bring Professor Calvo to Florida for
lectures and interactions next Fall that might lead to Florida-Cuba student exchange. We are
preparing for publication McLachlan-Karr's report on emergy evaluation of ecotourism in Cuba. He
has a companion paper on Darien. A preproposal is being discussed with authorities in Bimini for
evaluation of energy and waste alternatives for Bimini, British West Indies.
(b) Evaluation of Watershed with Salmon and Hydropower
In preparation for presentations at an International Economics Congress on conflicting uses of
watersheds, we began an emergy evaluation of the Umpqua River system of Oregon. Carol Boggess,
Ph.D. graduate of the department is collaborating
5. Emergy Research Presentations. Research on Emergy Evaluation is a main thrust of the
Center, since maximizing real wealth as measured by Emergy is a general public policy principle.
Results were presented at International Meetings on Advances in Energy Studies. A survey of the
word "emergy" on the internet yielded 59,000 hits.
(a) Mark Brown organized an International Workshop on "Energy Quality and Transformity" in the
Reitz Union in September, 1999. There were 75 participants from 8 countries. This proceedings is
being refereed and may be published by the Center, including the following papers prepared.
(b) Dennis Collins of the Department of Mathematics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez,
presented a joint paper with H.T. Odum using matrix operations and the commercial program
MATHEMATICA to generate transformities from emergy equations, a procedure discovered by
Murray Patterson (New Zealand). The paper was developed on Odum's visit to Mayaguez. It has
come back from referees for some revision.
(c) H.T. Odum's second paper simulates twenty hierarchical emergy parameters with a generic
energy systems of self organization.
(d) H.T. Odum's third paper explains why materials in self organized systems are hierarchically
distributed in centers, a possible 6th energy law.
(e) The next Advances in Energy Studies meeting, arranged by S. Ulgiati and M.T. Brown, will be
May 23-28, 2000, at Porto Venere, Italy (the site of the first meeting 2 years ago). H.T. Odum,
M.T. Brown and several of our former Ph.D. students are giving presentations. The new Folios will
be discussed.
(f) Dan Campbell's paper revised the transformity of tide based on new published data on energy
absorption.
(g) David Lambert, from City and Regional Planning, completed Ph.D. with John Alexander with
detailed GIS evaluation of Emergy distribution in Alachua County.
(h) After H.T. Odum participated in the University of Florida Rinker Building Construction
Workshop on Metabolism and Construction in Gainesville last year, a paper was submitted for that
conference volume comparing the characteristics of pulsing in ecosystems to sustainable building
cycles, including a summary of the emergy-emdollar values of materials
(i) A position paper, one of 7 on valuation, was published by H.T. Odum and Eugene P. Odum in
the new journal "Ecosystems."
(j) H.T. Odum is presenting Energy Hierarchy, Maximum Empower Concepts, and Emergy
Evaluation in an advanced short course in Copenhagen in June, 2000.
6. Minimodel Simulation. Collaboration continued with the BioQUEST group at Beloit College,
developing software for introductory teaching. EXTEND programs for their next BioQUEST CD
are being developed for the hierarchy of microbial processes in ecosystems. A set of modules for
each scale of size and time processes energy and evaluates emergy, making appropriate interactions
according to the transformities.
7. Other Papers:
The paper with results of the FL-New Zealand NSF project on exotic Spartina marsh invasion was
submitted by Dr. George Knox to a New Zealand Journal.
Ms Breeze prepared the final illustrations of a paper on the carbon-dioxide metabolism of Spartina
marsh at Crystal River and a simulation model of the results.
8. H.T. Odum participated in the Graduate Systems Ecology Seminar meeting 4-6 pm on
Thursday (Mark Brown continuing an activity of many years). In addition to student reports,
these sessions were used to discuss new concepts.
9. Fourth Floor Workshop, 423 Black Hall is shared with Dr. Montague. The open work table
was used for committee meetings, students spreading out their projects, undergraduates studying
together, and some Wednesday discussion meetings. The corner office was used by Dr. Doherty
first and then by Cynthia Irvin. The Mac and PC computers in that room are now out of date.
10. Graduate Students:
H.T. Odum did not take new students, but helped several students finish programs begun earlier.
Linda Leigh--completed her Ph.D. degree in the Fall (Dissertation on Diversity and Self Organization
in Biosphere 2).
Sherry Brandt-Williams (H.T. Odum co-chairman)--completed her Ph.D. degree at Christmas
(Dissertation on Simulation and Emergy Evaluation of Lakes and Watersheds in Florida).
Cynthia Irvin, a former student, took leave from her job (Ecologist for the city of Jacksonville) and is
completing her Masters Degree program this summer. Her Masters paper evaluates a new Estuarine
Research Reserve in northeast Florida. New kinds of evaluations were attempted including
archeological sites and endangered species.
Tom Abel in Anthropology, attending all the seminars, circulated drafts of his dissertation on
Bonaire, Dutch West Indies, for comment on models and emergy evaluations.
11. Monetary Contributions:
H.T. Odum contributed $24,433 of personal funds (originally prize money) to aid the Center's work.
See attached list from tax records for calendar year 1999.
2000-2001
Narrative for 2000-2001
Center for Environmental Policy
The Center for Environmental Policy, a part of the Department of Environmental Engineering
Sciences, was created in 1991, continuing work that started in the Center for Wetlands in 1973. The
Center conducted research, sponsored conferences, and aided teaching of energy systems, systems
ecology, ecological economics, and ecological engineering that are the basis for sustainable
environmental policy. While developing new concepts for energy-based evaluation, emphasis was on
publishing books, journal papers and special center publications including the extensive research
results in our unpublished project reports, theses, and dissertations. Research on Emergy Evaluation
is a main thrust of the Center, since maximizing real wealth as measured by Emergy is a general
public policy principle. A survey of the word "emergy" on the internet yielded 59,000 hits.
Participants: Howard T. Odum, Mark T. Brown, Clay Montague, John McLachlan-Karr, David
Scienceman (Australia), Dennis Collins (Univ. of Puerto Rico), Elisabeth C. Odum, David Tilley,
Sherry Brandt-Williams, Sergio Ulgiati (Italy), Joan Breeze, and students listed below.
Mark T. Brown was on sabbatical at the Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He organized and
conducted a Seminar on Energy, Ecology, and Economics in the Dept. of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Univ. of North Carolina, attended by 12 graduate students from Environmental Science
and Engineering, Mathematics, and Zoology. He interacted with faculty and students at Duke
University's Wetlands Center, giving several lectures and attending discussion sessions during the fall
semester.
Monetary Contributions:
H.T. Odum contributed $59,012 of personal funds (originally prize money) to aid the Center's
work (itemized in tax records).
Listed next are books and technical papers published; student theses, dissertations, and degree
papers; active projects and presentations.
1. Books Published, 2000-2001
Heavy Metals and Environment, Using Wetlands for Their Removal, 2001, by H.T_ Odum, W.
Wojcik, L. Pritchard, S. Ton, J.J. Delfino, M. Wojcik, J.D. Patel, S.J. Doherty, and J. Stasik. CRC
Press, 301 pp. This book completed our 10 year Project: Wetland Removal of Lead for
Manufacturing and Society, funded by the D.T. Sendzimir Foundation, a joint project of our Centers
for Wetlands and for Env. Policy and a team from Krakow, Poland, working on Polish wetlands that
filtered lead and zinc for 400 years. It includes field studies, reviews, and emergy evaluation at
landscape and national level.
A Prosperous Way Down, Principles and Policies, 2001, by H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum. The Univ.
Press of Colorado, Boulder, 346 pp. The first draft was written in 1982, considered by many
publishers, and improved by many revisions. The prepublication announcements had the famous
painting "The Apocalypse" on the cover, which was exactly opposite from the book's message--an
advertiser's idea of selling by contrast. We were able to get the cover changed. It may be timely
coming out at this time of energy shortage and international crisis requiring change in national
priorities.
Modeling for All Scales, an Introduction to Simulation, 2000, by H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum.
Academic Press, 458 pp. with CD-ROM disk. Contains teaching programs developed in systems
courses here over a 20 year period. Students are led from verbal thinking to mathematical models
using energy systems diagrams. Included are the object-oriented programs for EXTEND, which we
programmed to supply equations automatically when systems symbols are connected on screen. It
starts simulation with simple BASIC programming. The book includes a chapter on use of STELLA
written by former graduate students David Tilley and Jay Martin.
Biosphere 2, Research Past and Present, 2000, edited by Bruno Marino (Harvard U.) and H.T.
Odum. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 356 pp. Contains 22 research papers on Biosphere 2. Five of the
chapters were written by Univ. of Florida students and faculty, based on our earlier modeling
contract (Mark Nelson, Daeseok Kang, Linda Leigh, Victor Engel and H.T. Odum). The book was
also a special issue of the journal Ecological Engineering. Other Florida faculty helped as referees.
Emergy Synthesis. Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology. 2001, ed. by MT. Brown,
328 pp. The Center sponsored an international emergy analysis conference organized by Mark
Brown in September, 1999. The proceedings of that conference contains 26 refereed papers,
including the following from Florida participants:
Dennis Collins of the Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, with H.T. Odum,
used matrix operations and the commercial program MATHEMATICA to generate transformities
from emergy equations, a procedure discovered by Murray Patterson (New Zealand).
H.T. Odum used a simulation program in BASIC to understand the hierarchy of energy by simulating
changes in twenty hierarchical emergy parameters with each step to the next level.
H.T. Odum's third paper explains why materials in self organized systems are hierarchically
distributed in centers, a possible 6th energy law.
Dan Campbell, Florida graduate, revised the transformity of tide based on new published data on
energy absorption.
Jay Martin, Florida graduate, evaluated the U.S. Engineers operation pumping Mississippi River
sediment-waters below New Orleans to restore marshes. Jay Martin completed his Ph.D. and has
taken a university position at Ohio State Univ.
Sylvia Romitelli, Florida Ph.D. Graduate, with the Brazil Environmental Agency in Sao Paulo,
evaluated the new Bolivian gas pipeline to Brazil.
David Lambert, from City and Regional Planning, after completing Ph.D. with John Alexander with
detailed GIS evaluation, contributed a paper on emergy distribution in Alachua County.
J.T.V. Pereira, Mechanical Engineering, Campinas, Brazil, who was visiting scholar with the center
for a year, wrote an energy-emergy evaluation of cement production.
Mark Brown and Vorasun Buranakarn (Thailand) contributed the chapter on emergy of recycling of
materials.
David Tilley, Ph.D. graduate, contributed chapters with Mark Brown on watershed hierarchy on
three scales. He is faculty member at Univ. of Maryland.
2. Papers Published, 2000-2001
Bardi, E. and M.T. Brown. 2001. Emergy evaluation of ecosystems: a basis for environmental
decision making, pp. 81-98 in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology, ed. by M.T. Brown. Proceedings of a conference held at Gainesville, FL, Sept.,
1999. The Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 319 pp.
Brown, M.T., M. Wackernagel and C.A.S. Hall. 2000. Comparative estimates of sustainability:
economic resource base, ecological footprint and emergy. pp. 695-713 in Quantifying Sustainable
Development: The Future of Tropical Economies, ed. by C.A.S. Hall. Academic Press, San Diego,
CA.
Brown, M.T. and S. Ulgiati. 2001. Emergy measures of carrying capacity to evaluate economic
investments. Population and Environment 22(5):471-501.
Brown, M.T., ed. 2001. Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology. Proceedings of a conference held at Gainesville, FL, Sept., 1999. The Center for
Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 319 pp.
Brown, M.T and V. Buranakarn. 2001. Emergy evaluation of material cycles and recycle options.
pp. 139-152 in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology, ed. by
M.T. Brown. Proceedings of a conference held at Gainesville, FL, Sept., 1999. The Center for
Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 319 pp.
Collins, D. and H.T. Odum. 2001. Calculating transformities with an eigenvalue method. pp. 265-
280 in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL,
Sept. 1999. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Dame, R., M. Alber, D. Allen, M. Mallin, C.L. Montague, A. Lewitus, A. Chalmers, R. Gardner,
C. Gilman, B. Kjerfve, Jay Pinckney, and N. Smith. 2000. Estuaries of the South Atlantic coast of
North America: Their geographical signatures). Estuaries 23: 793-819.
Genoni, G.P., R. Behra, C.L. Montague, H. Guttinger, and R. Ternay-Aegerter. 2001. Complex
dynamics of adaptation in a nonaxenic Microcystis culture: 1. Effects of dinitrophenol on
population growth (co-author). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48: 235-240.
Kent, R., H.T. Odum and F.N. Scatena. 2000. Eutrophic overgrowth in the self organization of
tropical wetlands illustrated with a study of swine wastes in rainforest plots. Ecol. Engr.
16(2000):255-269.
Montague, C.L., R. Behra, T.N.P. Bosma, G.P. Genoni, and H. Guttinger. 2001. Complex
dynamics of adaptation in a nonaxenic Microcystis culture: 2. Computer simulation of
dinitrophenol effects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48: 241-254.
Odum, H.T. and E.C. Odum. 2000. Modeling for All Scales, an Introduction to System
Simulation. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 458 pp. with computer simulation disk.
Odum, H.T. and E.P. Odum. 2000. The energetic basis for valuation of ecosystem services.
Ecosystems 3:21-23.
Odum, H.T. 2000. Emergy evaluation of an OTEC electrical power system. Energy
25(2000):389-393.
Odum, H.T., ed., with W. Wojcik, L. Pritchard Jr., S. Ton, J.J. Delfino, M. Wojcik, S.
Leszczynski, J.D. Patel, S.J. Doherty and J. Stasik. 2000. Heavy Metals in the Environment,
Using Wetlands for Their Removal. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 326 pp.
Odum, H.T., M.T. Brown and S. Ulgiati. 2000. Ecosystems as energetic systems. pp. 282-301 in
Handbook of Ecosystem Theories and Management, S.E. Jorgensen and F. Mueller, eds. Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Odum, H.T., S.J. Doherty, F.N. Scatena and P.A. Kharecha. 2000. Emergy evaluation of
reforestation alternatives in Puerto Rico. Forest Science 46(4, Nov. 2000):521-530.
Odum, H.T., M.T. Brown and S.B. Williams. 2000. Handbook of Emergy Evaluation: A
Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in a Series of Folios. Folio #1 -
Introduction and Global Budget. Center for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering
Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 16 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2000. Handbook of Emergy Evaluation: A Compendium of Data for Emergy
Computation Issued in a Series of Folios. Folio #2 Emergy of Global Processes. Center for
Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 30 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2000. Emergy evaluation of salmon pen culture. In International Institute of
Fisheries Economics and Trade 2000 Proceedings. CD ROM Publication. Dept. of Ag. and Res.
Econ., 213 Ballard Ext. Hall, Oregon St. Univ., Corvallis, 97331-3601.
5
Odum, H.T. 2001. Simulating emergy and materials in hierarchical steps. pp. 119-127 in
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL, Sept.
1999. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2001. An energy hierarchy law for biogeochemical cycles. pp. 235-248 in
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL, Sept.
1999. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2001. Energy hierarchy and money. pp 139-148 in Understanding Complexity, ed.
by J. Wilby and G. Ragsdell. Kluwer Plenum, London, UK.
In Press:
Brown, M.T. and S. Ulgiati. 2001. The role of environmental services in electricity production
processes. Journal of Cleaner Production. [accepted]
Brown, M.T. and A. Buenfil. 2001. Emergy Synthesis as a Tool for Evaluating Management
Options for Fresh Water in Africa. In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of African
Freshwaters, T.C. Crisman, C. Chapman, L. Chapman, and L. Kaufman, eds. Univ. of Florida
Press. (In press).
Nelson, M., H.T. Odum, M.T. Brown and A. Ailing. Living off the land: Resource efficiency of
wetland wastewater treatment. Invited paper presented at COSPAR Conference, Warsaw, Poland,
July, 2000. Advances in Space Research. (in press)
Odum, H.T. Material circulation, energy hierarchy, and building construction. In: Construction
Ecology Materials as a Basis for Green Building, ed. by C. Kibert. Spon Publ., London, U.K. (in
press)
Odum, H.T. Emergy accounting. Chapter in Unveiling Wealth On Money, Quality of Life and
Sustainability, ed. by P. Bartelmus. Kluwer Academic Publ. (in press)
Scatena, F.N., S.J. Doherty, H.T. Odum and P. Kharecha. An Emergy Evaluation of Puerto Rico
and the Luquillo Experimental forest. U.S. Forest Service Bulletin. 90 pp. (in press)
Tilley, D.R. and M.T. Brown. Hierarchical pattern of energy diversity in ecological economic
systems. In Advances in Energy Studies: Exploring Supplies, Constraints, and Strategies, ed. by S.
Ulgiati. SGE Publisher, Padova, Italy.
Tonon, S., M.T. Brown, F. Luchi, A. Mirandola, A. Stoppato, and S. Ulgiati. 2001. Integration of
Thermodynamic, Economic and Environmental Parameters for the Evaluation of Energy Systems.
In Advances in Energy Studies: Exploring Supplies, Constraints, and Strategies, ed. by S. Ulgiati.
SGE Publisher, Padova, Italy.
Ulgiati, S. and M.T. Brown. 2001. Emergy evaluations and environmental loading of alternative
electricity production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. [accepted]
Yan, M.C. and H.T. Odum. 2000. Eco-economic evolution, emergy evaluation and policy options
for the sustainable development of Tibet. J. of Chinese Geography 10(1). 27 pp.
3. Student Theses and Dissertations
Tom Abel, Ph.D. in Anthropology. "Emergy Evaluations Of The Economic-Ecological System of
The Island of Bonaire, Dutch West Indies," with H.T. Odum as committee member aiding with
methods. Tom has arranged a session in Systems Ecology and Anthropology at the AAAS meeting in
Washington in November in which Center people are participating.
Glenn Behrend, Env. Eng. Science Masters degree paper on "Carrying Capacity of the Florida
Keys," with Mark Brown as Committee Chair.
Johanna Bjorklund, Ph.D. Dissertation "Emergy Evaluation of Waste Technologies and
Agricultural Production in Sweden" at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, with
Mark Brown as committee Co-Chair.
Andres Buenfil, Ph.D. "Emergy Evaluation of Alternate Water Supplies and Their Treatments in
Florida," with Mark Brown as Committee Chair. Andres also completed a paper on "Emergy
Evaluation of Water Supplies in Southwest Africa" as a result of his summer fellowship at the
International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Susan Carstenn. Ph.D. Dissertation titled "Successional Trajectories in Constructed Wetlands," in
the Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Florida, with Mark Brown as
Committee Chair. She is currently his post doctoral associate.
Joel Dudas, Masters Thesis: "Spatial Simulation of Surface and Groundwater Interactions at
Watershed Scale," with Mark Brown as Committee Chair.
Cecilia Ferreyra, Masters Thesis in the College of Natural Resources and Environment: "Emergy
Evaluation of Argentina and the Rolling Pampas," with Mark Brown as Committee Chair.
Cynthia Irvin, Masters Paper: "Evaluation Emergy Evaluation of a National Estuarine Research
Reserve in Florida," with H.T. Odum and Clay Montague as committee Co-Chairs.
Charlotte Lagerberg, Ph.D. Dissertation: "Emergy Evaluation of Swedish Greenhouse
Agriculture," at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, with Mark Brown as
Committee Co-Chair.
Chuck Lane, Masters Thesis: "Spatial and Statistical Analysis for Regionalization of Florida Using
Climatic, Geologic, and Floristic Data," with Mark Brown as Committee chair.
Charles Mann, dual degree in Environmental Engineering Sciences and Law. EES Paper "An
Emergy Evaluation of Everglades Restoration Alternatives," with Mark Brown as Committee
Chair.
4. Projects
Mark T. Brown, Projects Related to the Center:
(a) International Conferences on Emergy Evaluations
Editing the volume "Emergy Synthesis: theory and applications of the emergy methodology."
This book, published by the Center for Environmental Policy, resulted from the first biennial
emergy analysis conference held at Univ. of Florida and contained 26 contributed chapters in 326
pages.
(b) Developing Emergy Indicators of Biocomplexity in the Environment.
Proposals have been submitted based on preliminary work .
(c) Student exchange program was arranged with the International Center for Agro-Forestry
Research (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. Matt Cohen, a doctoral student, in EES completed a year as
visiting Research Associate.
(d) Founding of the new "American Ecological Engineering Society." Planned the First Annual
Conference at Athens, Georgia, and was elected Vice-president of the Society.
(e) Book manuscript titled "Environmental Planning: a systems approach." Writing was nearly
completed while on sabbatical leave.
Clay Montague, Research Related to the Center:
(a) Research and graduate teaching were conducted on coastal estuaries of northeast Florida and
their contribution to economic values. Salinity and the duration of inundation control the degree of
ecosystem development in intertidal wetlands and the amount of free services to humanity
contained therein. Characteristics such as ecosystem production, diversity, and species
composition of plants and animals were measured including fish use of intertidal habitat, changes in
surface and groundwater flow, tidal inundation and salinity, and rising sea level. Water management
recommendations were related to the delivery of surface and groundwater and the ecological values
of coastal wetlands.
The relationship between water management policy and intertidal marsh composition and density
is being evaluated by comparing water delivery to the Timucuan preserve (north of Jacksonville,
Florida) to changes in vegetation. Aerial photos taken in 1989 1991 by the St. Johns River Water
Management District are being compared to the current composition of brackish intertidal
wetlands. These will be compared to recorded changes in water level salinity over the past ten to
twelve years. Automated recordings of water level and salinity will be made in several particularly
dynamic areas discovered in the last year. Results of a simulation model that represents the
theoretical response of water delivery will be used to estimate the extent to which water policy can
affect the public values of intertidal wetlands. This project is funded in part by the National Park
Service and in part by the Water Resources Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey with
matching support from the St. Johns River Water Management District, and the Dept. of
Environmental Engineering Sciences at the Univ. of Florida. Supported student: Christine
Steinway-Rodkin (M.S. converting to Ph.D.).
(b) Indian River Lagoon is subjected to nutrient inputs from wastewater and agricultural runoff.
The degree to which these nutrients can alter and be altered by the seagrass, epiphyte, and
macroalgal production and biomass is a major concern in setting limits on nutrient loading in the
lagoon. A computer simulation was built to help predict the effects of these submersed plants on
nutrients and vice versa. Experiments were conducted to measure nutrient uptake and release by
these submersed plants under a variety of environmental conditions. These results are being
incorporated into the plant simulation, validated against existing field data, and incorporated into a
larger simulation effort that represents the fate of pollutants in the Indian River Lagoon. This
project is funded by the St. Johns River Water Management District. Supported student: Brian
Henley (M.S. converting to Ph.D.).
(c) To consider restoration alternatives, study was made of sediments, buried toxic chemicals and
current dynamics of tidal creeks blocked by
Hecksher Drive along the north bank of the lower St. Johns River. During construction in the
1920s, causeways placed across two tidal creeks blocked water flow, allowed a vast accumulation
of sediments inside the impounded marshes, and caused an evolution of the network of tidal creeks
that continues today. The marshes are in the vicinity of heavy industry including shipping,
shipbuilding, and electric power production. The National Park Service manages the affected
marshland and generally has a policy of restoring ecosystems where possible. However, the source
of the accumulated sediments was not known, nor was the amount of toxic sediment that may have
been trapped. Sediment samples were taken for heavy metal and PAH analysis. Sediment
quantities were estimated, and accumulation rates were measured by the lead 210 method. Much
of the accumulated sediment seemed to have originated within the marsh through the sloughing of
banks. Levels of toxins were moderate. An attempt was made to determine the changes in water
quality caused by tidal inundation of unimpounded marshes in the vicinity to determine the
potential value of opening the causeways. Given the long term hydraulic adjustments continuing
even today, it was recommended that causeway removal would be inadequate restoration, and that
adequate restoration was probably infeasible. Current efforts involve the causes of creek dynamics
in the vicinity. Funded by the Southeast and Caribbean Science Center of the U.S. Geological
Survey with matching from the City of Jacksonville and the National Park Service. Supported
students: Sandra Fox (Ph.D.), Rob Graham (M.S.), Charles Waller (M.S.), Kristen Herzog (High
Honors B.S.E.).
(d) A workshop is being organized in which environmental scientists, regulatory agency personnel,
and beach nourishment engineers will begin the process of developing new procedures for
environmental design of beach nourishment projects. Ecological Engineering of beach nourishment
projects in Florida requires the development of environmental design criteria for beaches. Beach
nourishment activities are economically important in Florida especially for tourism, but present
nourishment activities are not considered to be an adequate substitute for environmentally sound
beach restoration. Dunes, for example, are seldom part of beach nourishment plans. New criteria
and information needs will be identified so that new rules for beach nourishment projects can be
formulated through the State of Florida Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems.
Howard T. Odum, Research and Publication Projects:
(a) Environment Power and Society and the Hierarchy of Energy. A first draft has been completed
for a revised edition of the 1971 book "Environment Power and Society." Negotiations are in
progress for a publisher.
(b) Energy Basis for Humanity and Nature. Revision of the 1982 book "Energy Basis of Man and
Nature" is being updated and revised to include concepts of emergy (spelled with an "m"). This
book was originally written as a text for our course Energy and Environment. Copyright was
returned from McGraw Hill to the authors (H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum). Ms. Joan Breeze,
Secretary, has already put text and figures in electronic form.
(c) U.S. Forest Service Projects. Research has been sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service, Dept. of
Agriculture, International Institute for Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, P.R., Forest Service in
Ashevelle, N.C., and the Long Term Ecological Research Project of the National Science Foundation,
Univ. of Puerto Rico, for a decade. Our contract comparing the rainforest of the Luquillo forest with
the self organizing rainforest within Biosphere 2 was completed. Several papers were published, as
listed above. (Rainforest in Biosphere 2 has almost no insects, birds, pollinators.) Linda Leigh spent
2 years sealed in Biosphere 2 and finished her Ph.D. in our program, with dissertation on
biodiversity and self organization. This year, on our contract, she remeasured the diversity in
Bisophere 2 with the cooperation of Columbia Univ. and collected soil samples now being analyzed
by the Institute of Tropical Forestry in Rio Piedras, P.R. A Florida student from Zoology, Sharon
Walker, did a summer research project at the International Institute for Tropical Forestry in Puerto
Rico, registered with H.T. Odum for credit. Work is in progress relating vegetation reflectance and
transpiration data. H.T. Odum participated in Rainforest comparison discussions at the
International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, P.R., May 6-9, 2001. Data were assembled
on transformities of tropical ecosystems. Dennis Collins, Mathematics, Univ. of Puerto Rico,
Mayaguez, interacted in planning a paper on calculating emergy flows given the transformities. This
is the reverse of the matrix calculation of transformities from the flows.
(d) Emergy Evaluation of Cuba and Developing Countries. The Center arranged a visit to Cuba
January 30-Feb. 5, 2001, giving a seven lecture short course by H.T. Odum, M.T. Brown, E.C.
Odum, and D. Spangler in Havana, also visiting the wetlands and groundwater sites of the Bay of
Pigs. The meeting was sponsored by the Cuban Society of Architects and Engineers. It was initiated
through interactions of the Center's associate, John McLachlan-Karr (Australian passport),
interacting with Eng.-Dr. Alberto Calvo Gonzalez. An invitation has been extended to Alberto Calvo
to come to Florida for meetings and lectures. John McLachlan-Karr's report on emergy evaluation of
ecotourism in Cuba was completed and given to William Messina for a joint publication of this
Center and the Center for International Agricultural Development. He has a companion paper on
Darien.
(e) Evaluation of Watersheds with Salmon and Hydropower. An emergy evaluation was made of the
Umpqua River system of Oregon, especially considering the relative values of the salmon run and
hydropower. The results were presented as an invited paper at the International Fishery Economics
Congress in Corvallis Oregon, in July 2000. Both have high emergy-emdollar values. The
hydropotential of the river was greater than the value of the original salmon run. For comparison, an
emergy evaluation paper was published on salmon pen aquaculture of British Columbia.
(f) Publication of Content of Earlier Project Reports and Theses. Each year we are rewriting and
submitting to journals papers on earlier studies of Florida environments that have never been
published. Many of these results are important to current environmental controversies on springs,
wetlands, Everglades etc. Six of these are in preparation at present.
Software Preparation and Minimodel Simulation:
(g) BioOUEST Project. Collaboration continued with the BioQUEST group at Beloit College,
developing software for introductory teaching (published on BioQUEST CD issued each year). An
exercise was prepared for the microbial process in wine making for EXTEND. In preparation for the
workshop for college teachers at Beloit, Wisconsin, June, 2001, a new set of object-oriented blocks
and simulation exercises were prepared showing the levels of energy hierarchy in marine microbial
ecology.
(h) Publish CD with Minimodel Simulations in TRUEBASIC. In collaboration with TRUEBASIC
organization at Dartmouth, we are preparing a CD to be published that contains the Bronze version
of TRUEBASIC, its manual, tutorial explanations, and more than 200 programs converted from past
books. We have been aided by Tom Kurz one of the original Kemeny-Kurz team that invented
BASIC. By returning to a very simple way to teach simulation programming to beginners, more
people are drawn into systems. These simple programs will make it easy to include modeling and
simulation in all courses, not just those labeled for modeling. This new trend toward simplicity might
help reestablish BASIC in high school teaching again. TRUEBASIC is being taught now in Center-
related courses and in a course at Santa Fe Community College.
5. Presentations at Scientific-Engineeering Meetings, Invited Lectures
Clay Montague
(a) Ecological Engineering of Beach Nourishment Projects in Florida. Rationale for a Workshop of
Scientists and Engineers. Plenary speaker, Annual Meeting of the Florida Shore and Beach
Preservation Association, Hawk's Cay Resort, Florida 26-28 September, 2001.
(b) Saltmarsh dynamics and the effect of water management decisions and sealevel rise. Invited
presentation to the monthly meeting of the Environmental Science Division of the St. Johns River
Water Management District, 30 August, 2001-
(c) Fox, S., and C.L. Montague. The effect of causeways on the deposition of heavy metals and
organic contaminants in sediments with the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Duval
County, Florida. Oral presentation at the Meeting of the Southeastern Estuarine Research Society,
Univ. of Tampa, Florida, 26-28 October, 2000.
(d) Herzog, K., C.L. Montague, and S. Fox. A comparative evaluation of physical water quality
parameters in two creeks of the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. Oral presentation at
the Meeting of the Southeastern Estuarine Research Society, Univ. of Tampa, Florida, 26-28
October, 2000.
(e) Bossart, J., G.M. Otto, and C.L. Montague. Hydologic and salinity studies of tidal freshwater
marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. Oral presentation at the Meeting of the
Southeastern Estuarine Research Society, South Carolina Marine Resources Research Institute,
Charleston, South Carolina, 29-31 March, 2001.
Mark T. Brown
(a) Seminars of emergy analysis and systems ecology in Sweden; attended the dissertation defense
of Johanna Bjorklund, whose dissertation was begun while at UF and participating in our Systems
Group.
(b) Plenary lecture at a conference titled Environment 2000, sponsored by Puerto Rico Dept. of
Solid Waste Management
(c) Plenary lecture at the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation Meeting, Tampa,
FL.
(d) 2000. Introduction to Emergy Analysis. Invited lecture at Dept. of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
(e) Emergy Evaluation of Solid Wastes and Recycle Options. Invited lecture at Environment 2000.
Conference sponsored by the Puerto Rico Dept. of Solid Waste Management, San Juan, P.R.
(f) 2001. Carrying Capacity of the Earth. Invited Lecture at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural
Sciences, Uppsala Sweden.
(g) 2001. Twenty-five Years of Wetlands Restoration Research. Plenary Lecture at the American
Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation Meeting, Tampa, FL.
(h) 2001. Wetlands Restoration Following Phosphate Mining in Central Florida. Invited lecture at
the Center for Wetlands, Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
(i) 2001. Ecological Engineering. Invited lecture to the Cuban Society of Engineers and Architects.
Havana, Cuba.
(j) 2001. Emergy Evaluation Techniques and Spatial Modeling of Nutrient and Sediment
Dynamics in Watersheds. Two invited lectures at International Center for Research in
Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.
(k) Development of bio-indicators for wetland ecosystem health: regionalization and classification.
Annual meeting of the Society of Wetlands Scientists, Quebec, Canada.
(1) Ecological Engineering in research and practice. Invited lecture. First annual meeting of the
American Society of Ecological Engineering, Athens GA.
(m) Ecological Engineering in academia. Invited lecture. First annual meeting of the American
Society of Ecological Engineering, Athens GA.
Howard T. Odum
(a) While Mark Brown was on sabbatical at Univ. of North Carolina, H.T. Odum conducted the
Graduate Systems Ecology and Energy Evaluation seminar in Fall and Spring semesters 2000-2001
for 12 to 20 graduate students (continuing a seminar started 30 years ago). In addition to student
reports, these sessions were used to discuss new concepts, new results, and proposed projects.
Both Mark Brown and H.T. Odum are participating in the systems seminar in Fall semester, 2001.
(b) H.T. Odum, M.T. Brown and several of our former Ph.D. students and post-doctoral fellows
gave presentations at the Second International Meeting on Advances in Energy Studies May 23-28,
2000, at Porto Venere, Italy, (M.T. Brown, Co-organizer). The new Folios of the Handbook of
Emergy Evaluation were circulated for discussion. H.T. Odum's panel presentation on implications
for economic change with declining energy availability was a short version of The Prosperous Way
Down. This paper and other contributions from Florida are now in press in the conference
proceedings.
(c) Presented Energy Hierarchy, Maximum Empower Concepts, and Emergy Evaluation in an
advanced short course in Copenhagen in June, 2000. This group is attempting to develop consensus
in Systems Ecology.
(d) Wlodzimierz Wojcik, from Krakow Poland, was our collaborator on the 10 years of joint
projects of the Sendzimir Family Foundation that culminated in the Wetlands Heavy Metals book
(see above). Prof. Wojcik was visiting professor 2000-2002 at Swarthmore College near
Philadelphia. As part of his program, H.T. Odum and E. C. Odum gave a set of lectures and
computer demonstrations at Swarthmore College in September on systems ecology, minimodel
simulation, emergy and future trends.
(e) As former society president, gave a plenary lecture and two workshop presentations at the
International Society for the Systems Sciences meeting in Toronto in July, 2000. The presentation at
the Thermoeconomics session, Energy Hierarchy and Money, was published in the proceedings
book.
(f) Keynote speaker at the North American Lake Management Society meeting at Key Biscayne,
introducing the energy hierarchy concept, the emergy-emdollar evaluation methods, and examples
from Florida including the Everglades. Parts of the unpublished "South Florida Report" volume
edited by Frank Nordlie (Zoology) were recalculated to obtain recommendations for a eutrophic
slough just below Lake Okeechobee (in place of a section of depleted agricultural peatland). As we
discovered after the meeting because of our poor communication, this work duplicated but reinforced
a Masters thesis by Charles Mann that was done under Mark T. Brown evaluating the Everglades
and its restoration.
(g) Invited presentation on emergy-emdollar evaluation to the biennial conference on ECO-
EFFICIENCY meeting in Turin, Italy, June 4-6, 2001.
(h) H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum presented concepts of energy hierarchy, and the use of EXTEND
software for microbial simulation, and simulation with TRUEBASIC as applied to the ecology of
micro-organisms at the Beloit Workshop for College Teachers in June, 2001.
(i) Lead-off speaker in organizational meeting of American Society of Ecological Engineering in
Athens, GA.
(j) H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum are scheduled to present a short course on emergy evaluations at the
national meeting of the Estuarine Research Society in St. Petersburg, FL, in Oct., 2001.
2001-2002
Center for Environmental Policy
Environmental Engineering Sciences
Mission Statement:
The Center for Environmental Policy, a part of the Department of Environmental Engineering
Sciences, was created in 1991, continuing work that started in the Center for Wetlands in 1973. The
Center conducted research, sponsored conferences, and aided teaching of energy systems, systems
ecology, ecological economics, and ecological engineering that are the basis for sustainable
environmental policy. While developing new concepts for energy-based evaluation, emphasis was on
publishing books, journal papers and special center publications including the extensive research
results in our unpublished project reports, theses, and dissertations. Research on Emergy Evaluation
is a main thrust of the Center, since maximizing real wealth as measured by Emergy is a general
public policy principle.
Florida Service:
The Center evaluates resources for decisions by government and private agencies. Energy methods
are used to anticipate future trends. The center provides governments of Florida the institutional
memory of lessons learned in the energy crises of 1970's and 1980's. Its innovations in energy
evaluation give Florida an international reputation as leading the global discussion on the energy
basis of the economy.
Participants:
Howard T. Odum, Mark T. Brown, Clay Montague, John McLachlan-Karr, David Scienceman
(Australia), Dennis Collins (Univ. of Puerto Rico), Elisabeth C. Odum, David Tilley, Sherry Brandt-
Williams, Sergio Ulgiati (Italy), Joan Breeze, and students cited below.
Monetary Contributions:
H.T. Odum contributed $41,322 of personal funds (originally prize money) to aid the Center's work.
See the following list from tax records:
Summary of Work 2001-2002
1. Publications
A. Books
Brown, M.T., ed. 2001. Emergy Synthesis, Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology. Center for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Odum, H.T. and E.C. Odum. 2001. The Prosperous Way Down. Univ. Press of Colorado,
Boulder. 375 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2000. Systems Ecology: An Introduction. Korean Edition. Translated by Seok Soon
Park. Arche Publishing House, Volumes 466 and 467, 1496 pp. (first announced and received in
2001)
B. Papers and Book Chapters Published or in Press
Bardi, E. and M.T. Brown. 2001. Emergy evaluation of ecosystems: a basis for environmental
decision making. pp. 81-98 in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology, ed. by M.T. Brown. Proceedings of a conference held at Gainesville, FL, Sept.,
1999. The Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 319 pp.
Brandt-Williams, S.L. 2001. Emergy of Florida Agriculture. Folio #4 Handbook of Emergy
Evaluation: A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in a Series of Folios. Center
for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 40
pp.
Brown, M.T., ed. 2001. Emergy Synthesis, Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology. Center for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Brown, M.T. and E. Bardi. 2001. Emergy of Ecosystems. Folio #3 Handbook of Emergy
Evaluation: A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in a Series of Folios. Center
for Environmental Policy, Environmental Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 93
pp.
Brown, M.T. and A. Buenfil. 2001. Emergy Synthesis as a Tool for Evaluating Management
Options for Fresh Water in Africa. In Conservation, Ecology, and Management of African
Freshwaters, T.C. Crisman, C. Chapman, L. Chapman, and L. Kaufman, eds. Univ. of Florida
Press. (In press).
Brown, M.T and V. Buranakam. 2001. Emergy evaluation of material cycles and recycle options.
pp. 139-152 in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology, ed. by
M.T. Brown. Proceedings of a conference held at Gainesville, FL, Sept., 1999. The Center for
Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 319 pp.
Brown, M.T. and V. Buranakarn. 2002. Emergy indices and ratios for sustainable material cycles
and recycle options. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. (accepted)
Brown, M.T. and S. Ulgiati. 2001. Emergy measures of carrying capacity to evaluate economic
investments. Population and Environment 22(5):471-501.
Brown, M.T. and S. Ulgiati. 2001. The role of environmental services in electricity production
processes. Journal of Cleaner Production. [in press]
Collins, D. and H.T. Odum. 2001. Calculating transformities with an eigenvalue method. pp. 265-
280 in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology, Proceedings of
the International Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL, Sept. 1999, ed. by
M.T. Brown. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Doherty, S.J. and M.T. Brown. 2002. Lichen lines, cypress knees, and palmetto lines as
indicators of long -term water levels in North Central Florida. Southeastern Naturalist. (in press)
Doherty, S.J., P.O. Nilsson, and H.T. Odum. 2002. Emergy Evaluation of Forest Production and
Industries in Sweden. Research Report, Bioenergy Dept., Swedish University, Gotland. (in press)
Genoni, G.P., R. Behra, C.L. Montague, H. Guttinger, and R. Ternay-Aegerter. 2001. Complex
dynamics of adaptation in a nonaxenic Microcystis culture: 1. Effects of dinitrophenol on
population growth (co-author). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48: 235-240.
McLachlan-Karr, J. and H.T. Odum. 2001. Evaluation of Ecotourism and Resources Use in Cuba.
Working Paper IW 01-23. International Agricultural Trade and Development Center, Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville, 63 pp.
Montague, C.L., R. Behra, T.N.P. Bosma, G.P. Genoni, and H. Gtittinger. 2001. Complex
dynamics of adaptation in a nonaxenic Microcystis culture: 2. Computer simulation of
dinitrophenol effects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48: 241-254.
Nelson, M., H.T. Odum, M.T. Brown and A. Ailing. 2001. Living off the land: Resource
efficiency of wetland wastewater treatment. COSPAR Conference, Warsaw, Poland, July, 2000.
Advances in Space Research 27(9): 1547-1566.
Odum, H.T. 2001. Simulating energy and materials in hierarchical steps. pp. 119-127 in Emergy
Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology, Proceedings of the International
Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL, Sept. 1999, ed. by M.T. Brown.
Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2001. An energy hierarchy law for biogeochemical cycles. pp. 235-248 in Emergy
Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology, Proceedings of the International
Workshop on Emergy and Energy Quality, Gainesville, FL, Sept. 1999, ed. by M.T. Brown.
Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 328 pp.
Odum, H.T. 2001. Energy hierarchy and money. pp. 139-148 in Understanding Complexity, ed.
by J. Wilby and G. Ragsdell. Kluwer Plenum, NY.
Odum, H.T. 2001 Emergy Evaluation of Salmon Pen Culture.Proceedings of the International
Institute of Fishery Economics (on line), 9 pp
Odum, H.T. 2001. Material circulation, energy hierarchy, and building construction. pp. 37-71 in
Construction Ecology Materials as a Basis for Green Building, ed. by C.J. Kibert, J. Sendzimir, and
B. Guy. Spon Publ., London, U.K.
Odum, H.T. 2002. Emergy accounting. Chapter in Unveiling Wealth On Money, Quality of Life
and Sustainability, ed. by P. Bartelmus. Kluwer Academic Publ. (in press)
Odum, H.T. and E.C. Odum. 2001. The prosperous way down. pp. 361-366 in Advances in
Energy Studies, ed. by S. Ulgiati. Servizi Grafiei Editoriali, Padova, Italy, 698 pp.
Scatena, F.N., S.J. Doherty, H.T. Odum and P. Kharecha. 2002. An Emergy Evaluation of Puerto
Rico and the Luquillo Experimental Forest. General Technical Report IITF-GTR-9. U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR, 79 pp.
Tilley, D.R. and M.T. Brown. 2001. Hierarchical pattern of energy diversity in ecological
economic systems. In Advances in Energy Studies: Exploring Supplies, Constraints, and
Strategies, ed, by S. Ulgiati. SGE Publisher, Padova, Italy.
Tonon, S., M.T. Brown, F. Luchi, A. Mirandola, A. Stoppato, and S. Ulgiati. 2001. Integration of
Thermodynamic, Economic and Environmental Parameters for the Evaluation of Energy Systems.
In Advances in Energy Studies: Exploring Supplies, Constraints, and Strategies, ed. by S. Ulgiati.
SGE Publisher, Padova, Italy.
Ulgiati, S. and M.T. Brown. 2001. Emergy evaluations and environmental loading of alternative
electricity production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. (accepted)
C. Papers Submitted for publication
Brown, M.T. 2002. Ecological Engineering: combining systems science, engineering and ecology.
Ecological Engineering. (submitted)
Brown, M.T. 2002. Spatial and temporal simulations of emergy. Chapter in Emergy Synthesis:
Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001 Second
Biennial Emergy Analysis Research Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown. Center for
Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Brown, M.T. and S. Carstenn. 2002. Studies of the use of wetland "peat" as an innoculum in
wetland construction. Wetlands. (submitted)
5
Campbell, D.A. 2002 Emergy evaluation of Transpiration. Chapter in Emergy Synthesis: Theory
and Applications of the Emergy Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001 Second Biennial
Emergy Analysis Research Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown. Center for
Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Ferreyra, C. and M.T. Brown. 2002. Emergy perspectives on the Argentine economy throughout
the twentieth century. Chapter in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001 Second Biennial Emergy Analysis Research
Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
McLachlan-Karr, J. 2002 Emergy Evaluation for Sustainable Development Strategy of Estuarine
Fisheries Resources in Darien, Panama. Chapter in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of
the Emergy Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001 Second Biennial Emergy Analysis
Research Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown. Center for Environmental Policy,
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Odum, H.T. 2002. Transformity and Simulation of Microbial Ecosystems. Chapter in Emergy
Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001
Second Biennial Emergy Analysis Research Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown.
Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Odum, H.T. and D. Collins 2002. More Transformities from Ecosystem Energy Webs with the
Eigenvalue Method. Chapter in Emergy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy
Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001 Second Biennial Emergy Analysis Research
Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown. Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Odum, H.T. 2002. Energy Hierarchy and Transformity in the Universe. Chapter in Emergy
Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology. Proceedings of the Sept. 2001
Second Biennial Emergy Analysis Research Conference, Gainesville, FL, ed. by M.T. Brown.
Center for Environmental Policy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. (submitted)
Odum, H.T. 2002. Concepts and Methods of Ecological Engineering. Ecological Engineering.
(submitted 36 pp, 16 Figures)
Odum, H.T. 2002. Explanations of Ecological Relationships with Energy Systems Concepts.
Chapter for Symposium Volume: Application of Theories of Systems Ecology, ed. by S.E.
Jorgensen. (submitted 12 pp, 12 Figures)
Odum, H.T. 2002. Emergy-emdollar evaluation. Proceedings of the International Eco-Efficiency
Conference, Turino, Italy. (Italian language, translated by Simone Bastianoni, Italy). (submitted)
Stevens, P.W. and C.L. Montague. 2002. The vacillation between saltmarsh and mangrove
communities at the transition between temperate and subtropical climate in Florida. Wetlands.
(submitted)
D. Student Theses and Dissertations
Tom Abel, Ph.D. in Anthropology. 2001. "Emergy Evaluations of the Economic-Ecological System
of The Island of Bonaire, Dutch West Indies," with H.T. Odum as committee member aiding with
methods. Tom arranged a session in Systems Ecology and Anthropology at the AAAS meeting in
Washington in November, 2001, in which Center people participated.
Andres Buenfil, Ph.D. 2001. "Emergy Evaluation of Alternate Water Supplies and Their
Treatments in Florida," Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Mark Brown as Committee
Chair. Andres also completed a paper on "Emergy Evaluation of Water Supplies in Southwest
Africa" as a result of his summer fellowship at the International Institute of Applied Systems
Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Cecilia Ferreyra, Masters Thesis in the College of Natural Resources and Environment: 2001.
"Emergy Evaluation of Argentina and the Rolling Pampas," with Mark Brown as Committee Chair.
Tingting Cai, Ph.D. 2002. "An Empirical Test of the Maximum Power Principle Using Aquatic
Microcosms," Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, C.L. Montague, Chair. Currently is
teaching at Santa Fe Community College.
Tom Chesnes, Ph.D. 2002. "Responses of Subtropical Seagrasses to Fluctuations in Salinity
Within an Experimental Facility," Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, C.L. Montague,
Chair. He has accepted a position as Assistant Professor at Palm Beach Atlantic College.
2. Projects Related to the Center for Environmental Policy
A. H.T. Odum
(a) Priority effort to establish the generality of the energy hierarchy concepts as a basic
thermodynamic law. Concepts were extended to the cosmos, to consider the structure of the atom,
the energy control of monetary concentration, and the energy basis of information.
(b) Improve the accuracy and ease of computation of emergy evaluations by publishing unit
emergy data (transformities, specific emergy values). Make these available by publication of folios
of the Handbook of Emergy Evaluation and in summary reviews in journals. This work involves
new calculations and assembly of scattered calculations in student reports and gray literature.
Prepare Florida for the energy crisis ahead with energy evaluations of energy sources and
alternative choices for resource management.
(c) Continue the effort to determine guidelines and popularize policies for a prosperous society
during its time of climax and descent expected during the coming decade. Work included writing
papers, completing books, arranging book translations, mailing out cards, and presenting concepts
at meetings.
(d) Establish the multiple scale minimodels approach to systems simulation by supplying CDs
with published and unpublished models converted to True BASIC and to the object oriented
program EXTEND, thus making simulation available for all investigators and students to make and
program their own models. Materials are being prepared as book supplements and for commercial
software outlets.
Details on these projects are given in the last section of this report "Plans for Next Year."
B. Mark T. Brown
(a) International Conference on Emergy Evaluations. Edited the volume "Emergy Synthesis:
Theory and Applications of the Emergy Methodology." This book, published by the Center for
Environmental Policy, resulted from the First Biennial Emergy Analysis Conference held at Univ.
of Florida and contained 26 contributed chapters in 326 pages.
(b) Developing Emergy Indicators of Biocomplexity in the Environment. Proposals were
submitted based on preliminary work.
(c) Student exchange program was arranged with the International Center for Agro-Forestry
Research (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. Matt Cohen, a doctoral student in EES, completed a year as
visiting Research Associate-
(d) Founding of the new "American Ecological Engineering Society." Planned the First Annual
Conference at Athens, Georgia, 2001, and was elected Vice President of the Society, and in 2002
President.
(e) Hosted 5 international exchange students fall semester 2001. Taught emergy evaluation course
with H.T. Odum
(f) Consultant to the University of Botswana, Okavango Delta Research Center. Prepared a 5
year development and research plan for the research center including formal arrangement for
collaborative research and student and faculty exchange.
C. Clay Montague
(a) The US Department of Agriculture, in its innovative technology section, has funded us to
provide a simulation model of clam farming to better assess the likelihood of crop success or failure
in an estuarine setting. The driving issue is policy for payment of federal crop insurance claims in a
type of agriculture where the crop in the field is nearly invisible and many estuarine and market
variables affect its success or failure. The model connects clam biology and ecology with the
estuarine environment and farming decisions. Supported student. Ben Loughran (M.S.).
(b) A workshop was held in which environmental scientists, regulatory agency personnel, and
beach nourishment engineers began the process of developing new procedures for environmental
design of beach nourishment projects. Ecological Engineering of beach nourishment projects in
Florida requires the development of environmental design criteria for beaches. Beach nourishment
activities are economically important in Florida, especially for tourism, but present nourishment
activities are not considered to be an adequate substitute for environmentally sound beach
restoration. Dunes, for example, are seldom part of beach nourishment plans. New criteria and
information needs are being identified so that new rules for beach nourishment projects can be
formulated through the State of Florida Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems. Supported
students: Tom Chesnes (Ph.D. graduated Spring 2002), and Ben Loughran (M.S.).
(c) The National Estuarine Research Reserves section of NOAA has funded a doctoral student
fellowship to examine ecological development on spoil islands in the Intracoastal Waterway of
northeastern Florida. Dredge and fill activities along the waterway have a long history, but the
method of disposal has changed in recent years from the construction of many small spoil islands
and marsh hammocks in favor of fewer very large sand storage areas. The earlier method has left a
chronosequence of ecological development that can be used to evaluate and compare impacts from
both methods of disposal. Results from this work will influence policy for dredge and fill activities
within the new Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, and may affect
future disposal practices in estuaries by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Supported Student:
Mr. John Baker (Ph.D.).
(d) Estuarine manipulation such as inlet stabilization and alteration of freshwater input can have
profound direct impacts and insidious secondary ones. The Jupiter Inlet District is a state-
approved taxing district charged with maintaining a safe and open inlet at Jupiter, Florida (a non-
federal inlet). The inlet could close if jetties and dredging were not keeping it open. Of concern,
however, are several other effects of keeping the inlet open including the infilling of the
Loxahatchee River Estuary with ocean derived sediment passing through the inlet. The
Loxahatchee River Estuary is an Aquatic Preserve. Sandbar recreation, boating access, and seagrass
growth are impacted by any decision to dredge or fail to dredge the estuary. Furthermore, erratic
discharge of organically rich dark water through canal locks and water control structures exacerbate
estuarine planning and involve other agencies (notably the South Florida Water Management
District). The Jupiter Inlet District has taken the lead in evaluating whole estuary planning. They
requested that we provide an evaluation of various estuarine management alternatives. This was
provided in 2001, and policy discussions have continued.
(e) The Indian River and Mosquito Lagoons in east central Florida's Atlantic coast are bordered by
salt marshes that were impounded for mosquito control. The NASA space program provided an
incentive to thoroughly control mosquitoes at the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island. The
management of these was turned over to the National Wildlife Refuge system, who manipulates
them for wildlife production within the constraint of mosquito control. At issue is the effect of
impounded coastal wetlands on estuarine fish, since ingress and egress of estuarine water from
these marshes is restricted because of the impoundment dikes and water control structures. An
analysis by us in the mid 1980's led to a call for direct studies of the use of impounded marshes by
fish. Recently we completed a study funded by the US Geological Survey that accomplished this
task through extensive trapping of fish to measure ingress, egress, and stocks, and infer production.
Impoundment ditches proved to provide creek-like habitat, and if culverts were left open, the effect
of the impounded marshes was to export considerable forage fish to predators in the estuary. If
closed, more forage fishes were consumed by wading birds. From this new study, it can be said
that impoundments can be managed to enhance estuarine fish production. Furthermore, production
may be greater than that of natural marshes in these particular areas owing to the seasonal rather
than tidal flooding, and the vast majority of area above mean high water. Further comparative
studies are needed if this is to be convincingly established, however. Student supported: Philip
Stevens (Ph.D.).
(f) The relationship between water management policy and intertidal marsh composition and
density is being evaluated by comparing water delivery to the Timucuan preserve (north of
Jacksonville, Florida) to changes in vegetation. Aerial photos taken in 1989-1991 by the St. Johns
River Water Management District are being compared to the current composition of brackish
intertidal wetlands. These will be compared to recorded changes in water level salinity over the
past ten to twelve years. Automated recordings of water level and salinity will be made in several
particularly dynamic areas discovered in the last year. Results of a simulation model that
represents the theoretical response of water delivery will be used to estimate the extent to which
water policy can affect the public values of intertidal wetlands. This project is funded in part by
the National Park Service and in part by the Water Resources Research Center of the U.S.
Geological Survey with matching support from the St. Johns River Water Management District,
and the Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences at the Univ. of Florida. Supported student:
Christine Steinway-Rodkin (M.S. converting to Ph.D.).
(g) Indian River Lagoon is subjected to nutrient inputs from wastewater and agricultural runoff.
The degree to which these nutrients can alter and be altered by the seagrass. epiphyte, and
macroalgal production and biomass is a major concern in setting limits on nutrient loading in the
lagoon. A computer simulation was built to help predict the effects of these submersed plants on
nutrients and vice versa. Experiments were conducted to measure nutrient uptake and release by
these submersed plants under a variety of environmental conditions. These results are being
incorporated into the plant simulation, validated against existing field data, and incorporated into a
larger simulation effort that represents the fate of pollutants in the Indian River Lagoon. This
project is funded by the St. Johns River Water Management District. Supported student: Brian
Henley (M.S. converting to Ph.D.).
(h) To consider restoration alternatives, study was made of sediments, buried toxic chemicals and
current dynamics of tidal creeks blocked by Hecksher Drive along the north bank of the lower St.
Johns River. During construction in the 1920s, causeways placed across two tidal creeks blocked
water flow, allowed a vast accumulation of sediments inside the impounded marshes, and caused an
evolution of the network of tidal creeks that continues today. The marshes are in the vicinity of
heavy industry including shipping, shipbuilding, and electric power production. The National Park
Service manages the affected marshland and generally has a policy of restoring ecosystems where
possible. However, the source of the accumulated sediments was not known, nor was the amount
of toxic sediment that may have been trapped. Sediment samples were taken for heavy metal and
PAH analysis. Sediment quantities were estimated, and accumulation rates were measured by the
lead 210 method. Much of the accumulated sediment seemed to have originated within the marsh
through the sloughing of banks. Levels of toxins were moderate. An attempt was made to
determine the changes in water quality caused by tidal inundation of unimpounded marshes in the
vicinity to determine the potential value of opening the causeways. Given the long term hydraulic
adjustments continuing even today, it was recommended that causeway removal would be
inadequate restoration, and that adequate restoration was probably infeasible. Current efforts
involve the causes of creek dynamics in the vicinity. Funded by the Southeast and Caribbean
Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey with matching from the City of Jacksonville and the
National Park Service. Supported students: Sandra Fox (Ph.D.), Rob Graham (M.S.), Charles
Waller (M.S.), Kristen Herzog (High Honors B.S.E.).
(i) Research and graduate teaching continue on coastal estuaries of Florida and their contribution to
economic values. Manipulations of ocean inlets, river and groundwater flow, and runoff have
multiple effects on estuaries. Salinity and the duration of inundation control the degree of
ecosystem development in intertidal wetlands and the amount of free services to humanity
contained therein. Characteristics such as ecosystem production, diversity, and species
composition of plants and animals were measured including fish use of intertidal habitat, changes in
surface and groundwater flow, tidal inundation and salinity, and rising sea level. Water management
recommendations were related to the delivery of surface and groundwater and the ecological values
of coastal wetlands. We have contributed findings concerning inlet and freshwater management in
several locations including Florida (Loxahatchee River, Florida Bay, Apalachicola Bay, Indian River
Lagoon, St Johns River, Nassau River), and at the Savannah River, Georgia.
3. Graduate Students
A. H.T. Odum did not take new students, but helped several students finish programs begun earlier.
Tom Abel, in Anthropology, completed his Ph.D with dissertation on Bonaire, Dutch West Indies.
He organized an all day symposium at the American Anthropology Association meeting in
Washington in which H.T. Odum was discussant.
Sharon Walker registered as a special summer student in order to conduce diversity research project
for credit at the Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, with our collaborating
projects. Linda Leigh, in Arizona, completed measurements of diversity and soil in Biosphere 2, the
last of our commitments on the project comparing rainforest in Biosphere 2 to the wild one in Puerto
Rico.
B. Mark T. Brown
Andres Buenfil completed his Ph.D. 2001, dissertation on Emergy evaluations of water supply
alternatives.
Matt Cohen is completing his dissertation research on spatial analysis of emergy and economic
variables and their relationship to soil erosion in the Lake Victoria Basin, Africa.
Charles Lane is completing his dissertation research on development of biological indicators of
wetland ecosystem health.
Sharlynn Sweeney is continuing her research on spatial analysis of the relationship between
ecological and economic variables in Thailand.
Manuel Vivas is continuing his dissertation research on spatial analysis of an emergy based landscape
development intensity index.
Greg White is continuing his dissertation research on spatial simulations of emergy and transformity.
Eliana Bardi is completing her masters research on emergy evaluation of ecosystems.
Cecilia Ferreyra completed her masters thesis, 2001, titled: "Emergy Evaluation of Argentina and the
Rolling Pampas."
Alan Foley is completing his masters research on hydroperiod influences in wetland communities in
northeastern Florida.
Stefanie Nagid is completing her masters thesis research on effects of hydrology and soils on
community structure in north Florida ecosystems.
C. Clay Montague
Baker, John, PhD, Ecological succession on dredge spoil islands of the Intracoastal Waterway of
northeastern Florida, [2004].
Bossart, John, PhD, Tidal inundation and salinity studies along a continuum of freshwater and low
salinity tidal marshes of the lower Savannah River, [2002].
Cai, Tingting, PhD, "An Empirical Test of the Maximum Power Principle Using Aquatic
Microcosms," graduated 2002.
Chesnes, Tom, PhD, "Responses of Subtropical Seagrasses to Fluctuations in Salinity Within an
Experimental Facility," graduated 2002.
Edelstein, Bob, PhD, The effect of freshwater discharge from the Apalachicola River on the
estuarine ecosystem of Apalachicola Bay, Florida: A simulation model and feedback analysis,
[20031.
Fox, Sandra, PhD, Eighty years of geomorphological reorganization of tidal marshes caused by
causeway construction through the lower Timucuan National Ecological and Historical Preserve,
Duval County, Florida, [2002].
Henley, Brian, MS/PhD, Nutrient uptake and release by seagrass (Halodule wrightii), their
epiphytes, and a drift alga (Grassilaria sp.) from the Indian River Lagoon: Laboratory
experiments under various environmental conditions, and the incorporation of results into a
simulation model. [2002] w/ PhD.
Loughran, Ben, MS, Farmed clams and clam farming: a feedback analysis of the growth and harvest
of clams and the decisions of clam farmers, [2003].
Steinway-Rodkin, Christy, MS/PhD, Changes in tidal vegetation along salinity and inundation
gradients in and adjacent to the Timucuan National Ecological and Historic Preserve, Duval and
Nassau Counties, Florida, [2003] w/ PhD.
Stevens, Phil, PhD, Consumption and migration of fish biomass from a seasonally flooded salt
marsh with artificial boundaries and connections, [2002]
4. Presentations at Technical Meetings. Invited Lectures
A. H.T. Odum
(a) While Mark Brown was on sabbatical at Univ. of North Carolina, H.T. Odum conducted the
Graduate Systems Ecology and Energy Evaluation seminar in Fall and Spring semesters 2000-2001
for 12 to 20 graduate students (continuing a seminar started 30 years ago). In addition to student
reports, these sessions were used to discuss new concepts, new results, and proposed projects.
Mark Brown, Clay Montague, and H.T. Odum participated in the systems seminar in school year
2001-2002.
(b) Invited presentation on emergy-emdollar evaluation to the biennial conference on Eco-Efficiency
meeting in Turin, Italy, June 4-6, 2001.
(c) H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum presented concepts of energy hierarchy, and the use of EXTEND
software for microbial simulation, and simulation with TRUEBASIC as applied to the ecology of
micro-organisms at the Beloit Workshop for College Teachers in June, 2001.
(d) Lead-off speaker in organizational meeting of American Society of Ecological Engineering in
Athens, GA, in May, 2001.
(e) H.T. Odum and E.C. Odum are presented a short course on emergy evaluations at the national
meeting of the Estuarine Research Society in St. Petersburg, FL, in Oct., 2001.
(f) Contributions and Ideas of Howard Washington Odum (sociologist founder), presentation to the
School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nov. 9, 2001.
(g) Discussant for the Symposium on Ecosystems and Complex Systems in Anthroplogy at the
annual meeting of the American Anthropology Association, Washington, DC, Nov. 28, 2001.
(h) At two sessions, H.T. Odum and Elisabeth C. Odum demonstrated two teaching exercises on
Environment and Economy at the League of Enviromental Educators of Florida (LEEF) at Ellenton,
FL, Apr. 6, 2002.
(i) Guest lectures on energy systems to classes on UF campus of D. Chynoweth, Engineering; Mark
Brown, Energy Analysis; R.J. Buschbacher, Wildlife.
B. Mark T. Brown
(a) 2001. Seminars of emergy analysis and systems ecology in Sweden; attended the dissertation
defense of Johanna Bjorklund, whose dissertation was begun while at UF and participating in our
Systems Group.
(b) 2001. Carrying Capacity of the Earth. Invited Lecture at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural
Sciences, Uppsala Sweden.
(c) 2001. Twenty-five Years of Wetlands Restoration Research. Plenary Lecture at the American
Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation Meeting, Tampa, FL.
(d) 2001. Wetlands Restoration Following Phosphate Mining in Central Florida. Invited lecture at
the Center for Wetlands, Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
(e) 2001. Ecological Engineering. Invited lecture to the Cuban Society of Engineers and
Architects, Havana, Cuba.
(f) 2001. Emergy Evaluation Techniques and Spatial Modeling of Nutrient and Sediment
Dynamics in Watersheds. Two invited lectures at International Center for Research in
Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.
(g) 2001. Development of Bio-indicators for Wetland Ecosystem Health: Regionalization and
Classification. Annual meeting of the Society of Wetlands Scientists, Quebec, Canada.
(h) 2001. Ecological Engineering in Research and Practice. Invited lecture, First Annual Meeting
of the American Society of Ecological Engineering, Athens GA.
(i) 2001. Ecological Engineering in Academia. Invited lecture, First Annual Meeting of the
American Society of Ecological Engineering, Athens GA.
(j) 2002. Emergy Evaluation of Alternatives and Environmental Impact Assessment. Invited
lecture, University of Botswana, Gabarone.
(k) 2002. Reclamation/Restoration of Drastically Altered Landscapes: Principles, and Practices
Gleaned from Two Decades of Research and Practical Application. Conference Presentation, Annual
Meeting of the American Ecological Engineering Society, Burlington, Vermont.
C. Clay Montague
(a) Plenary Speaker, A case of animal feedback in salt marshes: system wide consequences for
both saltmarsh biota and saltmarsh models. Co-evolution of the Physicochemical Stage and the
Biological Play in Coastal Salt Marshes. An Education and Planning Workshop, Tallahassee, FL,
21 April 2002, NSF.
(b) Panelist, Estuarine Ecology, Shellfish Harvesting and Water Quality Workshop., St. Augustine,
Florida, 22 March 2002, NOAA/ NERR.
(c) Convener/Speaker, Environmental design of beach nourishment projects in Florida. Coastal
Engineering Technical Advisory Committee Workshop #3. Office of Beaches and Coastal
Systems, Florida Dept. Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, 15-16 Nov. 200 1.
(d) Production of fish biomass in an impounded salt marsh and its export to adjacent estuarine
waters. 16th Biennial Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation, St. Petersburg, FL, 4-8
Nov. 2001. (Co-author with Phil Stevens)
(e) The effects of salinity fluctuation on the productivity and osmoregulation of two seagrass
species. 16th Biennial Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation, St. Petersburg, FL, 4-8
Nov. 2001. (Co-author with Tom Chesnes)
(f) Interpretation of digitized aerial photographs to determine changes in a salt marsh using GIS.
16th Biennial Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation, St. Petersburg, Florida, 4-8 Nov.
2001. (Co-author with Sandra Fox)
(g) Plenary Speaker, A common ground for beach nourishment design and environmental
protection, Eco-nourishment. 45th Annual Conference, Florida Shore and Beach Preservation
Association, Duck Key, FL, 19 Sept. 2001, FSBPA.
(h) Invited Presentation, Saltmarsh dynamics and the effect of water management decisions and sea
level rise. Monthly meeting of the Environmental Science Division of the St. Johns River Water
Management District, 30 Aug. 2001.
(i) Bossart, J., G.M. Otto, and C.L. Montague, Oral Presentation. Hydologic and salinity studies
of tidal freshwater marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. Meeting of the Southeastern
Estuarine Research Society, South Carolina Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC,
29-31 March, 2001.
Plans for Next Year, 2002-2003-*
1. Book Projects
A. The Proceedings of the Second International Emergy Conference, held in Gainesville Sept. 20-22,
are being assembled as a book manuscript with 30 chapters edited by M. T. Brown with aid of 4 co-
editors. Authors' revisions are based on recommendations of two referees each. Ten of the chapters
are authored by Center faculty and students.
B. Based on reviews of a preliminary draft, a contract was signed by H.T. Odum with Columbia
University Press for the 2nd edition of Environment Power and Society and the Hierarchy of Energy.
the final revision to be submitted by October. Publication rights were received back from John
Wiley, the publisher of the first edition. New chapters include the energy hierarchy of the earth and
the cosmos, ecological engineering, ecological economics, spatial organization of energy and materials,
the pulsing paradigm, and emergy evaluation.
C. Revision of the book Energy Basis for Man and Nature continues. This book was originally
written as a text for our course Energy and Environment (1st edition 1976, 2nd edition 1982, then
out of print). Copyright was returned from McGraw Hill to the authors (H.T. Odum and E.C.
Odum). Ms. Joan Breeze, Secretary, used our black and white scanner to bring text to disk with
OCR software and revised the scanned diagrams to vector form using CANVAS. It is being revised
to include emergy (spelled with an "m"). With the rising scarcity and prices of fossil fuels, it may be
needed in teaching as courses in energy become required again. Energy Basis can be completed in a
few months after the final revision of Environment, Power, and Society. CRC press asked two
readers to suggest changes to aid the revision.
D. The book Ecological and General Systems (older name: Systems Ecology) by H.T. Odum) is
being reprinted again by the University Press of Colorado, Boulder.
E. More Folios of the Handbook of Emergy Evaluation will be published. (This is a book issued in
stages as a series of folios; each is a compendium of data for emergy computation). Folio #5 on Land
Forms by Pat Kangas is in press and Folio #6 on Emergy of Alternative Fuels is in preparation by
H.T. Odum, due in September. Proposals will be submitted for funds to expand the Handbook
project.
F. Emergy evaluation of Florida and its economy is being updated by Elisabeth C. Odum to keep our
book Environment and Society in Florida (Lewis Publ.) timely.
G. A book manuscript is being prepared on Energy Systems Economics based on the course
"Ecological Economics," emphasizing the dynamic simulation of classical and environmental
*These plans assume our present operation will have the office in Black Hall and secretary
(Center for Environmental Policy half time line item). To alleviate crowding, each month books
are being transferred to the University of Florida Libraries as screened by Dr. Vernon Kisling of the
UF Library Staff
economics with the energy systems methodology that separates money and real wealth, but includes
money circulation, energy transformations, and emergy at the same time. This is a different and
efficient way to introduce ecological economics that is complementary to traditional economics. Ms.
Breeze will continue putting the diagrams, models, and texts from the course syllabus on disk so that
a small book could be produced in a year or so after the other book projects cited above.
H. We are aiding former visiting scholar Yan Maochao of Beijing, who is translating our book "A
Prosperous Way Down" into Chinese.
I. Mathematician Corrado Giannantoni of the Italian Energy Agency is developing a book on the
mathematics of emergy and the energy hierarchy concepts. H.T. Odum donated funds to the
University of Florida to set up an account for this emergy mathematics project, which is to provide
review and publication of the Giannantoni book.
J. In collaboration with the Center for Wetlands, a proposal is being submitted to publish a 30 year
anniversary book on the Center for Wetlands, its graduates, and their influence in Florida. We have
saved $1000 from previous projects for which matching funds are to be sought.
2. Software Projects
A. Commercial CD with Minimodel in True BASIC:
A CD is in press with True BASIC, Vermont, that includes 200 programs converted from quick
Basic to True Basic (for PC and Macintosh) from 4 published books: Ecological Microcosms,
Modeling for All Scales, Environment and Society in Florida, and A Prosperous Way Down. The
disk is being co-authored with Tom Kurz and John Lutz of True BASIC. It will include True
Basic, instruction manuals, and text explanation of each model. These simple programs will make it
easy to include modeling and simulation in all courses, not just those labeled for modeling. It might
help reestablish BASIC in high school teaching again. These can be introduced in short courses.
Later, a second set of programs is planned as extracted and converted to True BASIC from our
other publications and unpublished folders.
B. Microbial Simulation Models for BioQUEST
Collaboration continued with the BioQUEST group at Beloit College, developing software for
introductory teaching. EXTEND and True BASIC programs were developed for their next
BioQUEST CD and presented at their June (2001) workshop in Beloit Wisconsin. A set of modules
for each scale of size and time processes energy and evaluates emergy, making appropriate
interactions according to the transformities.
3. Projects for Journal Papers: As accomplished in previous years, we will finalize and
submit two or more of these nearly finished papers to regular journals.
A. Carbon-dioxide metabolism of salt marsh (H.T. Odum, D. Hornbeck).
B. Energy systems models of Karl Marx (with D. Scienceman).
C. Water management and solar reflectance of Florida vegetation (4 authors). To complete this
paper we may use our Lycor Portable Spectral Radiometer to complete the scanning of principal
vegetation types in Florida and Puerto Rico. The infrared reflectance is related to water budgets
and plant species strategies of adaptation.
D. Water-air exchange in sawgrass Everglades (4 authors).
E. Emergy evaluation of South Florida (update of the unpublished 1978 reports of the Dept. of
Interior project).
4. Collaboration with Other Emergy Evaluation Initiatives
A. People of the center are collaborating with a new emergy-evaluation project of the Environmental
Protection Agency Research Laboratory, Narragansett, Rhode Island, coordinated by former student
Dan Campbell. The work includes evaluation of watersheds and mining in West Virginia.
B. H.T. Odum is collaborating with former Visiting Scholar, Shengfang Lan, of Chinese Agricultural
University in Guangzhou, in his comparison of systems characteristics of new Chinese cities with
U.S. cities.
C. Collaboration has begun with Dr. Don Adolphson and other of the faculty of Business of
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, in applying emergy evaluation to international public
affairs.
D. Suggestions and commentary are being provided to Julie Higgins, completing her Ph.D.
dissertation at Union Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, on emergy evaluation of a rural area of Ohio with a
special music culture.
E. Interact with M. Kalin of Boojum Technologies, Toronto to evaluate wetland waste systems they
have developed.
F. Evaluate data on photovoltaic cells submitted by Andrew Rudin of Philadelphia on the internet
energy resources discussion group.
G. Efforts are planned to bring Prof.-Ing. Alberto Calvo from Cuba for lecture at UF and planning of
student exchange, after which he may join us at the conference in Italy. Dr. Calvo was host when we
gave a short course in Havana two years ago. He gave a course in emergy evaluation in Cuba this
year.
I. A chapter entitled "Maximum Power and the Development of Systems" and another entitled
"Emergy Evaluation" have been contracted with Academic Press for the forthcoming volume
Encyclopedia of Energy.
J. Collaboration continues with the Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, P.R., and the Long
Term Ecological Research Program of the National Science Foundation on the systems and energetic
of tropical ecosystems. Discussions were held at the University of Puerto Rico May 6-9, 2001, and
with Ariel Lugo's visit to Gainesville November, 2001.
K. Collaboration with J. Tulenko, Nuclear Engineering, on proposals to evaluate nuclear powei.
5. Teaching and Academic Functions
A. H.T. Odum will continue to participate in the weekly systems seminar taught by Mark T.
Brown.
B. Several people of the center will participate in the 3rd biennial international conference on
Advances in Energy arranged by Sergio Ulgiati and Mark T. Brown for Sept. 20-24 in Porto Venere,
Italy. Papers submitted will be published in the proceedings as in the previous two conferences.
C. H.T. Odum serves as an associate review editor for the journal Energy and for the journal
Ecological Engineering.
D. Mark Brown was promoted to Associate Professor and elected President of the American
Society of Ecological Engineering at its meeting in Burlington, Vermont.
E. Provide instruction in emergy evaluation of buildings and photovoltaic cells with a visiting
student coming from Switzerland this Fall.
3. Publications of Howard T. Odum
1945
Odum, H.T. 1945. A course in tropical sounding analysis. AAAF Tropical Weather
School, Howard Field, Canal Zone. 75 pp. (mimeo).
1946
Odum, H.T.1946. Field notes and news in The Chat, Bulletin of the North Carolina Bird
Club. X(5):90.
Odum, H.T. 1946. Audubon field notes. Audubon Magazine, Nov-Dec 1946, pp. 139, 140,
143.
1947
Odum, H.T. 1947. The possible effect of cloud cover on bird migration in Central
America. Auk. 64:316-317.
Odum, H.T. 1947. Status of waterfowl in inland North Carolina. The Chat, Bulletin of
the North Carolina Bird Club. XI:42-47.
1948
Odum, H.T. 1948. The bird navigation controversy. Auk. 65:585-597.
1950
Odum, H.T. 1950. Strontium. In U.S. Science holds its biggest powwow Reports on some
of the year's big discoveries. Life Magazine, Jan. 9, 1950, pp. 20.
1951
Odum, H.T. 1951. The stability of the world strontium cycle. Science 114:470-411.
Odum, H.T. 1951. Notes on the strontium content of sea water, Celestite radiolaria. and
Strontianite snail shells. Science 114:211-213.
Odum, H.T. 1951. Nudibranch spicules made of amorphous calcium carbonate. Science
114:394.
Odum, H.T. 1951. The Carolina bays and a Pleistocene weather map. Amer. J. Sci.
250:262-270.
Odum, H.T. 1951. Strontium in Florida waters. In Chemical Character of Florida
Waters, Water Survey and Research Paper No. 6, A.P. Black, and E. Brown, eds. Florida
State Board of Conservation, Division of Water Survey and Research, Tallahassee, FL.
pp. 20-21.
.1953
Odum, H.T. 1953. Dissolved phosphorous in Florida waters. Fla. Geol. Surv. Report of
Investigation No. 9, Tallahassee, FL. pp. 1-40.
Odum, H.T. 1953. Factors controlling marine invasion in Florida fresh waters. Bull.
Mar. Sci. Gulf and Caribbean 3:134-156.
Odum, H.T. and W.C. Allee. 1953. A note on the stable point of populations with both
intraspecific cooperation and disoperation. Ecology 35:95-97.
Odum, H.T., 0. Galindo, B. Parrish, R. Pinkerton, W. Sloan and L. Whitford. 1953.
Productivity of Florida Springs. Third semi-annual report to the Biology Division,
Office of Naval Research.
Odum, H.T. and C. Kramer. 1953. Discussion of problems in the orientation of flying
vertebrates. In Orientation in Animals. Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy.
pp. 174-182.
Odum, H.T. and B. Parrish. 1953. Boron in Florida waters. Fla. Acad. of Sci. 17:105-109.
Odum, H.T. and W.C. Sloan, 0. Galindo and B. Parrish. 1953. Productivity of Florida
Springs. Second semi-annual report to the Biology Division, Office of Naval
Research, Dept. of the Navy. 25 pp.
1955
Odum, H.T. and D. Caldwell. 1955. Fish respiration in the natural oxygen gradient of
an aerobic spring. Copeia, 1955:104-106.
Odum, H.T. and J. Johnson. 1955. Silver Springs and the balanced aquarium
controversy. Science Counselor 15:128-130.
Odum, H.T., J.B. Lackey, J. Hynes and N. Marshall. 1955. Some red tide characteristics
during 1952-1954. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf and Caribbean 5:247-248.
Odum, H.T. and E.P. Odum. 1955. Trophic structure and productivity of a windward
coral reef at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 25:291-320.
Odum, H.T. and R.C. Pinkerton. 1955. Time's speed regulator: the optimum efficiency
for maximum power output in physical and biological systems. Am. Scientist
43(2):331-343.
1956
Odum, H.T. 1956. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. and Oceanogr. 1:102-
117.
Odum, H.T. 1956. Fishing waters. In Proceedings of the 5th Municipal and Industrial
Waste Conference. Dept. of Sanitary Engineering, Chapel Hill. pp. 45-52.
Odum, H.T. 1956. Efficiencies, size of organisms and community structure. Ecology
37:592-597.
Banks, E.M. and H.T. Odum. 1957. Strontium deposition in eggshells. Tex. Jr. of Sci.
IX(2):215-218.
Caldwell, D.K., H.T. Odum, T.R. Hellier, Jr. and F. Berry. 1957. Populations of spotted
sunfish and Florida large-mouth bass in a constant-temperature spring. Trans.
Amer. Fish Soc. 85:120-134.
Odum, E.P. and H.T. Odum. 1957. Zonation of corals on Japan Reef, Eniwetok Atoll.
Atoll. Res. Bull. 52:1-4.
Odum, H.T. 1957. Trophic structure and productivity of Silver Springs, Florida. Ecol.
Monogr. 27:55-112.
Odum, H.T. 1957. Stontium in natural waters. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 4(2):22-
37.
Odum, H.T. 1957. Primary production measurements in eleven Florida springs and a
marine turtle grass community. Limnol. and Oceanogr. 2:85-97.
Odum, H.T. 1957. Biogeochemical deposition of strontium. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ.
Tex. IV(2).
Odum, H.T. and C.M. Hoskin. 1957. Metabolism of a laboratory stream microcosm. Publ.
Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 4(2):115-133.
1958
Anderson, A.E., E.C. Jonas and H.T. Odum. 1958. Aleration of clay minerals by digestive
process of marine organisms. Science 127:190-191.
Odum, H.T. 1958. Relationship of biology and the other sciences in teaching. pp. 16-
24 in Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference for the Advancement of Science
and Mathematics Teaching. Univ. of Tex., Austin. 122 pp.
Odum, H.T. 1958. Quantitative plant ecology. (Review). Amer. Sci. 46:340A-342A.
Odum, H.T. and C.M. Hoskin. 1958. Comparative studies of the metabolism of Texas bays.
Pubi. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 5:16-46.
Odum, H.T. W. McConnell and W. Abbott. 1958. The chlorophyll-a of communities.
Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 5:65-96.
Park, K., D.W. Hood and H.T. Odum. 1958. Diurnal pH variation in Texas bays, and its
application to primary production estimation. Publ. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. Vol.
V, pp. 47-64.
1959
Beyers, R.J. and H.T. Odum. 1959. The use of carbon dioxide to construct pH curves for
the measurement of productivity. Linnol. and Oceanogr. 4:499-501.
Ingram, R.L., M. Robinson and H.T. Odum. 1959. Clay mineralogy of some Carolina bay
sediments. Southeastern Geology 1:1-10.
Odum, E.P. and H.T. Odum. 1959. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders,
Philadelphia. 400 pp.
Odum, H.T. 1959. A marine biology symposium. (Review). Ecology 40:745-746.
Odum, H.T. 1959. Research adventures in the human ecology of an atoll. (Review).
Ecology 40:328.
Odum, H.T. 1959. A Marine Ecology Book with the Factor life History and Habitat
Approach, by Hilary B. Moore, John Wiley. (Review). Ecology, Jan.
1959 40(1):167.
Odum, H.T., P.R. Burkholder and J. Rivero. 1959. Measurements of productivity of
turtle grass flats, reefs and the Bahia fosforenscente of southern Puerto Rico. Publ.
Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 6:159-170.
Odum, H.T., P.E. Muehlberg and R. Kemp. Marine resources. 1959. pp. 39-52 in Texas
Natural Resources, P.E. Koelsch et al., eds. Report Research Committee, Houston
Chamber of Commerce, Houston, TX. 105 pp.
1960
Beyers, R.J. and H.T. Odum. 1960. Differential titration with strong acids or bases vs.
C02 water for productivity studies. Limnol. and Oceanogr. 5:228-230.
Odum, H.T. 1960. Analysis of diurnal curves for the assay of reaeration rates and
metabolism in polluted marine bays. In Proceedings, First International Conference
on Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment, E.A. Pearson. Pergamon Press, N.Y. pp.
457-555.
Odum, H.T. 1960. Ecological potential and analog circuits for the ecosystem. Amer.
Sci. 48:1-8.
Odum, H.T. 1960. Ten classroom sessions in ecology. Amer. Biol. Teacher 22:71-78.
Odum, H.T. 1960. The requirement for fresh water in a general plan for multiple
development of the marine bays. Proceedings, Sixth Annual Conference on Water for
Texas. pp. 32-34.
Odum, H.T., J. Cantlon and L.S. Kornicker. 1960. An organizational hierarchy
postulate for the interpretation of species-individual distributions, species entrophy,
ecosystem evolution, and the meaning of a species-variety index. Ecology 41:395-399.
1962
Odum, H.T. 1962. Ecological tools and their use: man and the ecosystem. pp. 57-75 in
Proceedings of the Lockwood Conference on the Suburban Forest and Ecology, ed. by
P.E. Waggoner and J.D. Ovington. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin 652, Oct. 1962, 105 pp.
Golley, F., H.T. Odum and R.F. Wilson. 1962. The structure and metabolism of a Puerto
Rican red mangrove forest in May. Ecology 43:9-33.
Odum, H.T. 1962. The use of a network energy simulator to synthesize systems and
develop analogous theory: the ecosystem example. pp. 291-297 in Proceedings,
Cullowhee Conference on Training in Biomathematics. 390 pp.
Odum, H.T. and N. Vick. 1962. The paradox that film ecosystems are anaerobic basins.
pp. 493 in D.S. Proceedings, First National Coastal and Shallow Water Research
Conference, ed. by Gorsline. Tallahassee, FL. 897
PP.
Odum, H.T. and R. Wilson. 1962. Further studies on the reaeration and metabolism of
Texas bays. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex., Vol. 8, pp. 23-55.
1963
Beyers, R.J., J.L. Larimer, H.T. Odum, R.B. Parker and N.E. Armstrong. 1963. Directions
for the determination of changes in carbon dioxide concentration from changes in
pH. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 9:454-489.
Odum, H.T. 1963. Limits of remote ecosystems containing man. Am. Biol. Tchr. 25:429-
443.
Odum, H.T. 1963. Productivity measurements in Texas turtle grass and the effects of
dredging an Intracoastal channel. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 9(Dec. 1963):48-58.
Odum, H.T., R.J. Beyers and N.E. Armstrong. 1963. Consequences of small storage
capacity in nannoplankton pertinent to measurement of primary production in
tropical waters. J. Mar. Res. 21(3):191-198.
Odum, H.T., B.J. Copeland and R.Z. Brown. 1963. Direct and optical assay of leaf mass of
the lower montane rain forest of Puerto Rico. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 49:429-434.
Odum, H.T., R. Cuzon, R.J. Beyers and C. Allbaugh. 1963. Diurnal metabolism, total
phosphorus, Ohle anomaly, and zooplankton diversity of abnormal marine
ecosystems of Texas. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. 9:404-453.
Odum, H.T., W.L. Siler, R.J. Beyers and N. Armstrong. 1963. Experiments with
engineering of marine ecosystems. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 9:323-403.
1964
Odum, H.T, 1964. The element ratio method for predicting biogeochemical movements
from metabolic measurements in ecosystems. pp. 209-224 in Transport of
Radionuclides in Fresh Water Systems, B.H. Kornegay, W.A. Vaughan, D.K. Jamison
and J,M. Morgan, Jr., eds. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, TID-7664. 405 pp.
Odum, H.T. 1964. A symposium on net production of terrestrial communities.
(Review). Ecology 45:415-416.
Odum, H.T. 1964. Review of Keith's Wildlife's Ten Year Cycles. Amer. Scientist 52:92A.
Armstrong, N.E. and H.T Odum. 1964. Photoelectric ecosystems. Science 143(3603):256-
258.
1965
Odum, H.T. 1965. The Rain Forest Project, Annual Report FY 1965. Puerto Rico Nuclear
Center Bull. 61, 220 pp.
1966
Odum, H.T. 1966. Terrestrial Ecology Program. The Rain Forest Project, Annual
Report FY 1966. Puerto Rico Nuclear Center Bull. 82:129-145.
1967
Odum, H.T. 1967. IBP Symposium: Environmental photosynthesis. (Review). Science
157:415-416.
Odum, H.T. 1967. Biological circuits and the marine systems of Texas. In Pollution and
Marine Ecolgy, T.A. Olson and F.J. Burgess, eds. Wiley Interscience, NY. pp. 99-157.
Odum, H.T. 1967. Energetics of food production. In The World Food Problem, Report of
the President's Science Advisory Committee, Panel on World Food Supply, Vol. 3.
TheWhitehouse. pp. 55-94.
Odum, H.T. 1967. Work circuits and system stress. In Symposium on Primary
Productivity and Mineral Cycling in Natural Ecosystems, H.E. Young. Univ. of Maine
Press. pp. 81-138.
Odum, H.T. and S. Bloom. 1967. Hydrogen budget and comparison compartments in the
rain forest at El Verde, Puerto Rico, pertinent to consideration of tritium metabolism.
Inter-Ocean Canal Survey Memorandum. Battelle Memorial Institute 2, 32 pp.
1969
Odum, H.T. 1969. Biophysics of ecology. (Review). Science 164:683-684.
Odum, H.T., B.J. Copeland and E.A. McMahan. 1969. Coastal Ecological Systems of the
United States. Report to Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Dept. of the
Interior. 3 Vols., 1405 pp.
1970
Day, J., C.M. Weiss and H.T. Odum. 1970. Carbon budget and total productivity of an
estuarine oxidation pond receiving secondary sewage effluent. In Proceedings,
Second International Symposium for Waste Treatment Lagoons. Nuclear Reactor
Center, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. pp. 100-103.
Nixon, S. and H.T. Odum. 1970. A model for photoregeneration in brines. ESE Notes,
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North
Carolina 7:1-3.
Odum, H.T. 1970. Some ethics in stream classification. pp. 123-126 in Proceedings of
the 19th Southern Water Resources and Pollution Control Conference. Duke
University, N.C. State University, and University of North Carolina.
Odum, H.T. and R.F. Pigeon, eds. 1970. A Tropical Rain Forest. Division of Technical
Information, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1600 pp.
All rain forest work, 1963-1970, is in data chapters in the volume above. These papers
are:
Odum, H.T. Rain Forest and Man. Sec. A, pp. 5-11.
Odum, H.T. The El Verde Study Area and the Rain Forest Systems of Puerto Rico. Sec. B,
pp. 3 32.
Odum, H.T., G. Drewry and J.R. Kline. Climate at El Verde. Sec. D, pp. 347-417.
Odum, H.T. The AEG Rain Forest Program. Sec. C, pp. 3-22.
Odum, H.T. and G. Drewry. The Cesium Source at El verde. Sec. C, pp. 23-36.
Odum, H.T., P. Murphy, G. Drewry, F. McCormick, C. Schinham, E. Morales and J.
McIntyre. Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Forest at El Verde. Sec. D pp. 3-75.
Odum, H.T., G. Drewry and E.A. McMahan. Introduction to Section E on Animals. pp. 3-
15.
Odum, H.T. Introduction to Section F on Microorganisms. Sec. F, pp. 3-7.
Odum, H.T. Microscopic Order in the Forest. Sec. C, pp. 3-14.
Odum, H.T. Rain Forest Structure and Mineral Cycling Homeostasis. Sec. H, pp. 3-52.
Odum, H.T., A.M. Moore and L.A. Burns. Hydrogen Budget and Compartments in the
Rain Forest. Sec. H, pp. 105-122.
Odum, H.T., G.A. Briscoe, and C.B. Briscoe. Fallout Radioactivity and Epiphytes. Sec. H,
pp. 167-179.
Kline, J.R. and H.T. Odum. Comparisons of the Amount of Fallout Radionuclides in
Tropical Forests. Sec. H, pp. 181-186,
Kline, J.R., H.T. Odum and J.C. Bugher. Effect of Gamma Radiation on
Leaching bf 137 Cs and 54 Mn from Tropical Forest Foliage and Litter. Sec. H, pp. 187-
189.
Odum, H.T., W. Abbott, R.K. Selander, F.B. Golley and R.F. Wilson. Estimates of
Chlorophyll and Biomass of the Tabanuco Forest of Puerto Rico. Sec. I, pp. 2-19.
Odum, H.T. and G. Cintron. Forest Chlorophyll and Radiation. Sec. 1, pp. 21-33.
Odum, H.T. and A. Lugo. Metabolism of Forest Floor Microcosms. Sec. I, pp. 35-54.
Odum, H.T. and J. Ruiz-Reyes. Holes in Leaves and the Grazing Control Mechanisms.
Sec. I, pp. 69-80.
Odum, H.T. A. Lugo, G. Cintron and C.F. Jordan. Metabolism and Evapotranspiration of
Some Rain Forest Plants and Soil. Sec. I, pp. 103-164.
Odum, H.T. and C.F. Jordan. Metabolism and Evapotranspiration of the Lower Forest in
a Giant Plastic Cylinder. Sec. I, pp. 165-189.
Odum, H.T. Summary: An Emerging View of the Ecological System at El Verde. Sec. I,
pp. 191-289.
1971
Copeland, B.J., H.T. Odum and D.C. Cooper. 1971. Water quantity for preservation of
estuarine ecology. In Advances in Water Quality Improvement, Water Resources
Symposium No. 2, E.F. Gloyna and W.W. Eckenfelder, eds. Univ. of Texas. pp. 107-126.
Lugo, A.E., S.C. Snedaker, S. Bayley and H.T. Odum. 1971. Models for Planning and
Research for the South Florida Environmental Study. Report on Contract 14-10-9-
900-363, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior and Center for Aquatic
Sciences, Univ. of Florida. 141 pp.
Odum, H.T. 1971. Energy value of water resources. Proceedings of the 19th Southern
Water and Pollution Conference. Duke University, Engineering, Durham, North
Carolina. (Also discussion "Some ethics in stream classification," 10 pp.).
Odum, H.T. 1971. Environment, Power and Society. John Wiley, NY. 336 pp.
Odum, H.T. 1971. A printout of the future systems of man. Natural History 80:24-29.
Odum, H.T. 1971. Changing power basis for man. A review of the Sept. 1971 issue of
Scientific American: Energy and Power. Landscape Arch. Quart.
Odum, H.T. and A.F. Chestnut, eds. 1971. Studies of Marine Estuarine Ecosystems
Developing with Treated Sewage Wastes. Annual Report to National Science
Foundation, Sea Grant Division. 363 pp.
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