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of the
FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
Biological Sciences
Volume 23 1978 Number 2
ON NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF ARCHICONCHOECIA
(MYODOCOPA, HALOCYPRIDIDAE) FROM THE SARGASSO
AND CARIBBEAN SEAS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES
CEORGIANA B. DEEVEY
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
GAINESVILLE
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ON NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF ARCHICONCHOECIA
(MYODOCOPA, HALOCYPRIDIDAE) FROM THE SARGASSO
AND CARIBBEAN SEAS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES
GEORGIANA B. DEEVEY'
SYNOPSIS: Except for two relatively well-known species, specimens of the oceanic, planktonic,
primarily bathypelagic ostracod genus Archiconchoecia have been rarely noted. Four species
were described by 1908, and none since then until the past year. Now 14 species are known,
including the 7 new species described herein, and also a specimen previously ascribed to a
known species which is renamed as a new species. The male of a known species is described
for the first time. A key to the 14 species is included. Six of the new species were collected
in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda between 500 and 2000 m-depths. One species was found in
the western Caribbean Sea. Quantitatively, species of Archiconchoecia constitute only a small
proportion of the total numbers of planktonic ostracods in the Sargasso Sea, but their relative
importance rises with depth, from 1.2% of the total ostracods in surface waters to 10% over
1500-2000 m-depths. For the 2000 m water column a mean figure of 115 Archiconchoecia per
square meter of sea surface was obtained from 2 years of monthly sampling in the Sargasso
Sea.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 106
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .110
KEY TO 'IHE SPECIES OF TnHE GEN s Archiru'hoeocia 110
Archironrhoeia cun'atai MUILLER 112
Archirconchoecia pilosa new species 115
Archiconchoecia longiseta new species 119
Archiomnchowcii bispiculta new species 123
Archicomh/ocria filcata new species 125
Archiionchoecia bimtiuronatla new species .. 128
Archiionrh'/oeia bifurciat new species 131
Archiconchoe/iai gastrodes new species ... 134
LITERATURE CITED .... 138
' The author is Curator of Biological Oceanography at the Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville. Florida
32611. Contribution no. 282, Bermuda Biological Station.
DEEVEY, GEORGIANA B. 1978. On New and Little Known Species of Archiconchoecia
(Myodocopa, Halocyprididae) from the Sargasso and Caribbean Seas, with Descriptions of Seven
New Species. Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 23(2):105-138.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
INTRODUCTION
The genus Archiconchoecia Miller was placed in the subfamily Archicon-
choecinae by Poulsen (1969), who divided the family Halocyprididae into four
subfamilies, the others being the Conchoecinae, Halocyprinae, and Eucon-
choecinae. Species of Archiconchoecia are separated from other planktonic
ostracods primarily by having 6 long filaments or setae on the two distal
segments of the first antenna, whereas other halocyprids have either 5 or more
than 20. Urtil recently, only four species of this genus had been described,
all by 1908: A. striata Milller, A. cucullata (Brady), A. cuneata Miiller, and
A. ventricosa Milller. The first two have been commonly reported and are rela-
tively numerous, A. striata from shallow depths and A. cucullata from deep
water. Since Milller (1908) described the female of A. cuneata, this species
has been rarely noted (Deevey 1968, Angel and Fasham 1975), and the male
has not yet been described. This species is thus far known only from the
Atlantic. Milller (1906) gave only a brief description of A. ventricosa, and
the literature on this species is confused; its specific name is derived from
the Latin "ventricosus," meaning pot-bellied. Ventricosa-shaped specimens,
with strongly swollen anterior margins, have been reported as occurring in the
Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (Poulsen 1969, Angel 1971/72), and Angel
and Fasham (1975) have recorded this species from 10030'N to 53N, ca.
200W, in the eastern North Atlantic. A. ventricosa Milller has now been re-
described from specimens collected in the Caribbean and Sargasso seas, and
another ventricosa-shaped species, A. fabifonnis, has been described from the
Caribbean Sea (Deevey 1978a). Poulsen described as A. ventricosa a 1.8 mm fe-
male from the region of New Caledonia in the South Pacific; this specimen
differs in many respects from Milller's description of a female 1.0 mm long and
males 0.80-0.85 mm long from the tropical Atlantic. Since Poulsen's (1969:21,
Figs. 6-7) female differs from Milller's specimens in size, shape of frontal
organ, and in a number of other ways, it is here renamed as A. poulseni n. sp.
Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from July 1968 to Septem-
ber 1970 at Station "S," 3210'N, 64030'W, in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda,
over four 500 m depth levels between the surface and 2000 m. The quantita-
tive data reported here were obtained with nets of No. 8 mesh (0.202 mm
aperture), equipped with flowmeters, using an open net for the upper 500 m,
and a B6 multiple plankton sampler for the three lower depth ranges. Exami-
nation of the specimens of Archiconchoecia obtained in these samples has
yielded six new species. Another new species has been found in a sample from
the western Caribbean Sea. Aside from A. fabifonnis and the species described
in this report, another new species, A. versicula, has been described from
the South Pacific (Deevey 1978b). An immature male of A. versicula found
in the Caribbean Sea extends the range of that species. In all, the species of
Archiconchoecia now total 14.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCIHOECIA SPECIES
Of the 14 species, 10 have been found in the Sargasso Sea, 2 thus far only
from the Caribbean, 1 from the South Pacific and the Caribbean, and 1 only
from the tropical Pacific. All except A. poulseni n. sp., have been found in
either the Sargasso Sea and/or the Caribbean. The depth distributions as
known from my data are shown in Table 1. A. poulseni is included in order to
make the species list complete, but it's not possible to tell from Poulsen's
listing whether this specimen was caught in a tow with 100-3000 m of wire out
or of 100-1000 mw. A. fabiformis was caught in the eastern Caribbean in a
tow from 1200-0 m, and A. bispicula n. sp. in a vertical tow, probably from
around 2000 m, in the western Caribbean. In the Sargasso Sea, A. ventricosa
has been taken only from 500-1000 m, also the common depth range of A.
cuneata. Three new species were caught between 1000 and 1500 m, one from
1000-2000 m, and one from 1500-2000 m. A. striata is most numerous within
the upper 500 m and A. cucullata below 500 m. The three specimens of A.
longiseta n. sp. were taken from 500-1000 and 1500-2000-m depths.
TABLE 1.-VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF Archiconchoecia.
Depth in m
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Archiconchoecia cucullata --
A. striata --------------
A. versicula ----------------
A. longiseta n. sp. ------ ---------
A. crneata -------------
A. pilosa n. sp.
A. Centricosa -------
A. hispicula n. sp. ? ------------- ------- ------ --------- ----
A. poulseni n. sp. ? ----------- ---------- ? -------------?
A. gastrodes n. sp.
A. bifurcata n. sp.
A. falcata n. sp.
A. fabifonnis ?----- ------- ?
A. bimucronata n. sp. -------
Quantitatively, species of Archiconchoecia constitute only a small pro-
portion of the total numbers of halocyprid ostracods in the Sargasso Sea. Only
A. striata and A. cucullata were taken in appreciable numbers. A. striata
is the only species of any importance within the upper 500 m, and Figure 1,
which illustrates the total numbers/1000 m3 of Archiconchoecia over the 0-500
m depth level, gives essentially only the seasonal variations in numbers of
this species. During the first year studied, highest numbers of A. striata were
found between October and January, and there was a second lesser maximum
from May to July 1969. The winter of 1969-1970 was exceptionally stormy,
1978
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
300-
z
100-
J ASOND J F'M'A'M'JA'JAS'O'ND J F MAMJ J AS
1968 1969 1970
FIGURE l.-The total numbers/1000 mi of Archiiconchoecia obtained for the 0-500 in depth zone
between July 1968 and September 1970 at Station "S" in the Sargasso Sea.
and several sampling periods were missed because of bad weather. In 1970
a cold water mass moved in in February and another from July to September,
and A. striata was most numerous in January and from June to September.
The variations in total numbers of Archiconchoecia over the three lower depth
ranges, 500-1000 m, 1000-1500 in, and 1500-2000 m, are shown in Figure 2.
In this case, the data represent, almost entirely, the numbers recorded for
A. cucullata, as the other species occurred only as occasional specimens.
A. cucullata was most numerous between 500 and 1500 m but also occurred
consistently between 1500- and 2000 m-depths.
The mean numbers of Archiconchoecia obtained for the 2-year period over
the four depth levels are listed in Table 2. It is apparent that only a third
as many were present between 500 and 1000 m as in the upper 500 m; around
half as many were found between 1000 and 1500 m as between 500 and 1000
m, and this number was reduced to a third over the 1500-2000 m depth
range. However the relative importance of Archiconchoecia increased with
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEIEVEY: AR( IIClZ'O.\CIIIAC SPECIES
0
20-
z
0
- 40- /
20-
0 i 00 -2000M
10-
0 JASONDJ FMA MJ JASONDJ FMAM JJAS
1968 1969 1970
Fi I re 2.-The total numbers/100() 1i' of Arcliriconhoccia recorded over the three depth zones,
500-1000 n, 10(X)0-15(X) i, and 15(X)-2000 m, between July 1968 and September 1970 at Station
"S" in the Sargasso Sea.
depth, from 1.2% of the total numbers of ostracods in the upper 500 m to 10%
of the total numbers between 1500 and 2000 m-depths. This is because A. cu-
cullata occurred consistently in the deeper waters, as other halocyprids de-
creased more rapidly in numbers with depth. For the 2000 in water column,
the data yield a mean figure of 115 Archiconchoecia per square meter of sea
surface.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
TABLE 2.-MEAN TOTAL NUMBERS OF Archiconchoecia AND PERCENT OF TOTAL OSTRACODS OVER
THE FOUR DEPTH ZONES BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND 2000 inm.
Depth Mean No./1000 m' Mean % of total ostracods
0-500 m 148 1.2
500-1000 m 47 2.9
1000-1500 in 27 7.5
1500-2000 m 8 10.0
Diagnoses of the genus Archiconchoecia have been given by Muller (1894,
1906) and Poulsen (1969). As noted, members of this genus differ from other
halocyprids primarily in having six long filaments on the two distal segments
of the first antenna. Also there is no processus mammillaris on the basal
segment of the endopodite of the second antenna, as is found in the genus
Conchoecia. There is little sexual dimorphism. The structure of the first
antenna, mandible, maxilla, fifth and sixth limbs, and furca is similar in both
sexes. Males are differentiated by their clasping organs on the endopodite of
the second antenna and the possession of a penis. There may be six, seven, or
eight pairs of claws on the furca of mature individuals.
The following key indicates the diagnostic characteristics of the 14 species
of Archiconchoecia. Descriptions and figures of the new species are given, and
also descriptions and figures of the male and female A. cuneata. The other
species have been described adequately elsewhere (Miller 1894, 1906; Deevey
1968, 1978a, b). Poulsen's description of the specimen he ascribed to A.
ventricosa must remain as the description of A. poulseni n. sp.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
One of the new species here described was collected by Harding B. Owre Michel on Cruise
P-6803 of the PILLSBURY in the Caribbean Sea, and I am greatly indebted to Dr. Michel for
the pleasure and privilege of examining the ostracods in some of her collections. This work
was partially supported by National Science Foundation Grants GB-15575, GA-31736, and GA-
36512.
KEY TO ADULTS OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS Archiconchoecia
la) The postero-dorsal corner of the right shell with a long point; 2 dorsal bristles or setae
on the 1st antenna; the 2 bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna
about equal in length, or the distal bristle is slightly longer than the proximal one ............
.. . .... .. ....... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . ..... .. ... .... ... A cu cu lla ta (B rad y)
b) Both shell valves without a dorsoposterior spine; 1 dorsal seta on the 2nd segment of
the 1st antenna; the proximal bristle on the basal segment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna
sh orter th an the d istal b ristle ...... ... .... .. ........ ..... ..... .. ........ ........ . .... .. .. .. .. . .... 2
2a) 7 or 8 claws on furca of mature individuals; 2nd segment of the exopodite of the 5th
lim b w ith 2 ventral setae ... .. .. .......... ... ... ....... ..... .. . ... .. ....... ........ .. 4
b) 6 claws on furca; 2nd segment of the exopodite of the 5th limb with 1 ventral seta ....... 3
Vol. 23, No. 2
198DEEVEY: zkRCiIIC(9V11191X'LX(:I SPECIES
3a) Shell with concentric striations, indentation on dorsal margin; basal segment of the exo-
podite of the 2nd antenna ca. 55-60% length of shaft; frontal organ rounded at tip and bare of
hairs or spinules A. striata Miiller
b) Shell with striations somewhat paralleling ventral margin, no indentation on dorsal mar-
gin; basal segment of exopodite of 2nd antenna ca. 75% the length of the shaft; frontal organ
rounded at tip with tiny hairs or spinules at the tip and ventrally distally A. versicula Deevey
4a) Distal seta of 1st antenna much longer than the other 5; filaments of distal segment of
the endopodite of the 2nd antenna very short and thin, no more than 1 1/2 times the length of
the longer bristle on the basal segment; a clear crescent-shaped lens at the posteroventral
corner of each shell; no dorsal seta on penultimate segment of 5th and 6th limbs ...
A. longiseta n. sp.
b) All 6 filaments of 1st antenna of about equal length; filaments of distal segment of endo-
podite of 2nd antenna about as long as the exopodite setae; no clear lens at posteroventral
corner of shell; dorsal seta present on penultimate segment of 5th and 6th limbs 5
5a) Distal segment of 6th limb 1/3 to 1/2 as long as preceding segment, and with 3 short
thick setae, the longer no more than twice the length of the distal segment; thin ventral seta
of distal segment of 5th limb longer than 2 thicker claw-setae; 8 claws on furca; 2 bristles
on basal segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna not coarsely spinous; anterior margin of shell may
or may not be swollen .... 6
b) Distal segment of 6th limb no more than 1/4 as long as preceding segment and with at
least 2 relatively long slim claw-setae, the longest more than 4 times the length of the distal
segment; ventral seta of distal segment of 5th limb shorter than 2 claw-setae; 7 or 8 claws on
furca; 2 bristles on basal segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna coarsely spinous; anterior
margin of shell swollen ...... .. .. ... .. 7
6a) Proximal bristle of basal segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna about 1/2 the length of the
distal bristle; frontal organ rounded at tip; male penis curves upwards to a slim tip; left male
clasper shorter than right clasper, and slim A. cineata Muiller
b) Proximal bristle of basal segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna ca. 75% length of distal
bristle; frontal organ rounded at tip but with 2 tiny bumps; penis with blunt squared tip; left
male clasper shorter than right clasper, and exceptionally thick A. pilosa n. sp.
7a) Furca with 7 claws in mature individuals ..... 8
b) Furca with 8 claws .... ... ... 9
8a) Frontal organ with one thin needle-like prolongation at tip, basal segment of the exopo-
dite of the 2nd antenna less than 50% length of shaft; proximal bristle of the basal segment
of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna ca. 75% the length of the distal bristle.... ... ......
A. ventricosa Miller
b) Frontal organ with 2 thin needle-like prolongations at tip, otherwise similar to A. ventri-
cosa in proportions of 2nd antenna ..... A. bispicula, n. sp.
c) Tip of frontal organ bifurcate ...... ..... . .... ...... A. poulseni n. sp.
9a) Mature specimens more than 1.5 mm long; basal segment of the exopodite of the 2nd
antenna ca. 63% length of shaft; proximal bristle of the basal segment of endopodite of 2nd
antenna 63-64% length of distal bristle; distal segments of 5th and 6th limbs with 2 long claw-
setae and a shorter ventral seta ...... .... .. .... A. gastrodes n. sp.
b) Mature specimens more than 1.5 mm long; basal segment of the exopodite of 2nd an-
tenna less than 60% length of shaft; proximal bristle of basal segment of endopodite of 2nd
antenna 55-60% length of distal bristle; 3 distal setae on 5th and 6th limbs about equal in
length .. .. .. .. ...... .... A. bifnrcata n. sp.
c) M ature specimens less than 1.5 mm long .... ... .. .... .... . ....... ..... 10
10a) Frontal organ rounded at tip with a few tiny spinules; distal segment of 6th limb as
long as preceding segment and with 2 very long setae about as long as the entire 6th limb;
basal segment of exopodite of 2nd antenna ca. 55% length of shaft; proximal bristle of basal
segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna 65-75% length of distal bristle .... A. falcata n. sp.
1978
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
b) Frontal organ rounded at tip without spinules; distal segment of the 6th limb ca. 1/4 as
long as penultimate segment, with 2 long and I short setae slightly longer than the distal seg-
ment; basal segment of exopodite of 2nd antenna 60% length of shaft; proximal bristle of basal
segment of endopodite of 2nd antenna ca. 60% length of distal bristle A. fabif'nnis Deevey
c) Frontal organ rounded 'at tip with 2 slim needle-like prolongations; distal segments of
5th and 6th limbs with 2 long and 1 very short setae, the latter no longer than the distal segment;
basal segment of exopodite of 2nd antenna a little more than 60% length of shaft
A, bimticronuta n. sp.
Archiconchoecia cuneata MWiller
Figures 3-4
Archiconchoeecia uneoata G. WV, Miller, 1908, p. 63, Pl. 8, Figs. 1-4.
Archiconchoeria (uneata Deevey, 1968, p. 26, Fig. 6.
Miller described this species from a single female and a juvenile specimen
collected in October 1901 at 190S, 200W, in the Atlantic. The only other
records are for several females from the Sargasso Sea (Deevey 1968), and
Angel and Fasham (1975) listed it, with no accompanying data, as occurring at
180N and 400N in the eastern North Atlantic. A. cuneata is therefore known
only from the Atlantic, between 400N and 19S. The male has never been
described. Although the specimens already described from the Sargasso Sea
were caught within the upper 500 m, monthly sampling from 1968-1970
yielded specimens of this species consistently from depths of 500-1000 m. As
only the shell, frontal organ, and 1st and 2nd antennae have been described,
the female is now redescribed more fully, and the male is described for the
first time.
MATEMIAL.-Male, 0.72 mm long, collected 18 March 1969 in a tow from 500-1000 m, I
slide; male, 0.77 mm long, collected 12 September 1968 in a tow from 500-1000 m, 1 slide:
female, 0.87 mmi long, collected 11 August 1969 in a tow from 500-1(XX0 mi, 1 slide. All slides
deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNII 171279,
171280, and 171281).
DESCRIPTION OF MALE.- Shell (Fig. 3d): Hostrinum blunt in lateral view, anterior margin
rounded, ventral margin slightly rounded, posterior margin rounded, sometimes rather cone-
shaped. Height of shell greater than half the length at the anterior end, decreasing in height
posteriorly. Asymmetrical glands small, right gland about half way up the posterior margin, left
gland at posterodorsal corner.
First antenna and frontal organ (Fig. 3c): Frontal organ short, rounded at tip without hairs
or spinules. Second segment of 1st antenna with long coarsely spinous dorsal seta. Sixth seg-
ment with 4, 5th segment with 2 long wide fragile filaments all of equal length and pointed
at the tip. Hairs ventrally on the 5th segment above the attachment of the filaments.
Second antenmlae (Fig. 3f-h): Basal segment of exopodite 50% length of shaft, and with a row
of proximal dorsal spinules. The proximal bristle on the basal segment of the endopodite is
55-58% the length of the distal bristle. Both are slim, the proximial bristle especially so, and
bare of spinules. The bristles are borne on a rounded protuberance with long hairs around
their bases. The 5 filaments on the distal segment are unequal in length, the most proximal
being the shortest. The right clasper is curved and strong, the left clasper slightly curved and
much shorter. The 2 slim bristles at the bases of the clasping organs are relatively long for
this genus.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCIlCOCII(OECIA SPECIES
m 0 0.
0 0.1 0 0.1
FIGUiE 3.-Archiconcho'cia cuncata Miiller. (a-c) Lateral, ventral and dorsal views of shell of
immature female; (d) Lateral view of male, 0.72 mm long; (e) Frontal organ and 1st antenna of
male; (f) Right 2nd antenna of male; (g) Endopodite of male right 2nd antenna, filaments
cut off; (h) Endopodite of male left 2nd antenna, filaments cut off; (i) Endopodite of male
maxilla; (k) Male mandible; (1) Coxal and precoxal endites of male; and (in) Coxa of female. Scale
at top center for a-d, at bottom right for f, at bottom left for e, g-m. Scales in nnm.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
S0.1
FICUIRE 4.-Archiconchoecia cuneata MWiller. (a) Shell of 0.89 mm female, opened out; (b)
Female frontal organ and 1st antenna; (c) Male 5th limb; (d) Male 6th limb; (e) Female 6th
limb; (f) Female 5th limb; (g) Female furca; (h) Endopodite of female 2nd antenna; (i) Male
penis and furca; and (k) Penis of another male. Scale on a for a, at bottom right for b-k. Scales
in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
Mandible (Fig. 3k, m): The distal segment of the endopodite is relatively long and covered
with hairs; it hears 7 setae, the 2nd segment 5 setae, and the 1st segment 1 dorsal and 4 ventral
setae, of which 2 are quite short. As in the other species, the toothrow of the hasale has 6
serrated teeth and 2 large teeth. The basale has 4 setae distally and 1 near the articulation
with the endopodite, but the dorsal seta is apparently lacking. The coxa is distinctive, since
the masticatory surface is especially protuberant (Fig. 3m) and bears rather large rounded
denticles as well as bristles.
Maxilla (Fig. .3i, 1): The anterior margin of the endopodite bears 6 long plumose setae;
posteriorly there are 5 setae, I of which is plumose. The 2 claws on the distal segment are
relatively short and thick; 3 setae were noted between them, 1 very long. The coxal and pre-
coxal endites consist of at least 8 bristles each.
Fifth limb (Fig. 4c): On the distal segment of the exopodite the thin ventral seta is longer
than the middle and dorsal claw-setae, and the dorsal seta is longer than the middle one. This is
the case only in 1 other species, A. pilosa, n. sp. In other species the ventral seta is shortest and
the middle seta the longest. The 2nd segment has 2 ventral setae and 1 dorsal seta, the 1st seg-
ment 7 setae. The protopodite and endopodite have a total of at least 10 setae and a small and
large claw.
Sixth limb (Fig. 4d): The ventral seta is the shortest on the distal segment of the exopodite,
and the dorsal and middle or distal claw-setae are exceptionally thick and short and of about
the same length, the distal seta being slightly longer. The dorsal seta on the penultimate seg-
ment is also exceptionally thick and spinous; the 2nd segment has a single ventral seta, and the
1st segment 5 ventral and 2 dorsal setae. There are long hairs on the ventral sides of the 1st to
3rd segments.
Penis (Fig. 4i, k): This is of distinctive shape, plump, with an upturned pointed tip.
Furca (Fig. 4i): This has 8 claws and a single unpaired bristle.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.-Shell (Fig. 3a-c, 4a): This is similar to the male's, but does not
decrease in height posteriorly. Height slightly greater than half the length. The frontal organ
and 1st antenna are similar to those of the male (Fig. 4b). On the 2nd antenna, the basal segment
of the exopodite is 50% the length of the shaft and has a proximal dorsal row of spinules,
as in the male. The proximal bristle of the basal segment of the endopodite is ca. 58% the
length of the distal bristle, but there are no long hairs at the bases of these bristles (Fig. 4h),
as in the male; also the distal bristle has spinules distally.
The mandible, maxilla, 5th and 6th limbs (Fig. 4e, f), and furca are also similar to those of
the male. The female therefore differs from the male somewhat in shape of shell, in lacking
clasping organs and a penis, and in details of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna.
REMARKs.-A. cuneata is most closely related to A. pilosa n. sp. in the char-
acters of the 5th and 6th limbs and in the type of bristles on the basal segment
of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna. It differs from A. pilosa n. sp. in size,
in the relative lengths of the 2 bristles of the basal segment of the endopodite
of the 2nd antenna, and in the shape of the male penis and clasping organs.
It differs from all other species of Archiconchoecia in shell shape, and, most
notably, the lengths of the distal setae of the 5th and 6th limbs, and the char-
acter of the bristles on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna. After A. striata
and A. cucullata, it was the third commonest species in the Sargasso Sea.
Archiconchoecia pilosa new species
Figures 5-6
HlOLOTYPE.-Male, 1.35 mm long. One slide, deposited in the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH 171282).
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
TYPE LocALITY.-Station "S," 32010'N, 64030'W, in the Sargasso Sea. From a 1500-2(XX)
m tow collected 25 June 1969.
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name is derived from the Latin "pilosus," meaning hairy, and
refers to the fact that most of the appendages are hairier than in the other species.
DESCRIPTION OF MALE.-Shell (Fig. 5a): Anterior margin of shell swollen, ventral margin
slightly rounded, posterior margin rounded; slight indication of sculpturing, as lines approxi-
mately paralleling the ventral margin, near the anterior margin. Shell height greatest at the
anterior end, diminishing by at least 1/3 at the posterior end. Right asymmetrical gland small,
at approximately 1/2 the height of the posterior margin; no indication of left asymmetrical gland.
First antenna and frontal organ (Fig. .5b, c): Frontal organ appears 2-jointed, rounded at
the tip with 2 tiny points, shorter than the 1st antenna. First antenna with characteristic
coarsely spinous dorsal seta borne at distal end of 2nd segment. Hairs around base of dorsal
seta and also dorsally on 4th segment; hairs around clear circular structure on ventral side of
4th segment. The 5th and 6th segments bear 6 wide and fragile long filaments of equal
length, pointed at the tip.
Second antenna (Fig. 5e-g): The 2 bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite are long
and slim and without spinules, and have hairs around their bases. The proximal bristle is ca.
75% the length of the distal bristle. The 5 filaments of the distal segment of the endopodite
are unequal in length. The right clasping organ is relatively thick, strong, and curved, the
left clasper shorter, thicker, and club-like.
Mandible (Fig. 6a, e): The distal segment of the endopodite is exceptionally long for members
of this genus, and is covered with hairs; the 2nd segment also bears shorter hairs. The distal
segment has 7 setae, the 2nd segment 5, and the 1st segment 5, of which 4 are ventral and
the 2 shorter of the 4 are considerably longer than in other species. The basale is also quite
hairy, with 4 setae near the distal end and I near the articulation with the endopodite. The coxa
has several toothrows and one large thick curving tooth, as well as the masticatory pad of
spines or bristles, and a knob-like articular process.
Maxilla (Fig. 5d, 6c): The basal segment of the endopodite has 6 long plumose setae an-
teriorly, and 5 setae of which 1 is plumose on the posterior side. There are spinules along
the anterior distal edge. The distal segment has 2 claw-setae and 3 setae. The coxal and pre-
coxal endites have hairy bases and bear a number of relatively long bristles, many of them
spinous.
Fifth limb (Fig. 6b): The distal segment of the exopodite has 2 claw-setae and a slightly
longer slim ventral seta, a character which distinguishes this species and A. cuneata from other
known species of Archiconchoecia. The 2nd segment has 1 dorsal and 2 ventral relatively long
setae, and is hairy ventrally. The 3rd segment has a long dorsal seta and 7 other setae. The
protopodite and endopodite are partially covered with hairs and have a total of 10 setae and
a thick claw.
Sixth limb (Fig. 6d): The distal exopodite segment has 2 short thick claw-setae and a short
ventral seta; the relative shortness of these setae distinguishes this species from all other species
except A. cuneata. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments are hairy ventrally and have, respectively,
7 setae, 1 seta, and 2 setae.
Penis (Fig. 6f): This ends bluntly with a small dorsally-pointed tip.
Furca (Fig. 6g): This has 8 claws and a single unpaired bristle.
REMARKS.-This species is most closely related to A. cuneata in the char-
acters of the 5th and 6th limbs and in the type of bristles on the basal seg-
ment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna, which are slim and not coarsely
spinous as in other species. It differs from A. cuneata in being somewhat larger
in size, having hairier appendages, in the relative lengths of the 2 bristles
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHIICONC'HOECIA SPECIES
FICtURE 5.-Archicolchoecia pilosa n. sp., Male. (a) Lateral view of male; (b) Frontal organ; (c)
Frontal organ and 1st antenna; (d) Endopodite of maxilla; (e) Endopodite of right 2nd antenna;
(f) Endopodite of left 2nd antenna, filaments cut off; and (g) Endopodite of right 2nd antenna,
filaments cut off. Scale on a for a, at left center for c and e, at right for b, d, f, g. Scales in mm.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
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d 0.1
0 0.1
FIGURE 6.-Archiconchoecia pilosa n. sp., Male. (a) Endopodite and basale of mandible; (b) 5th
limb; (c) Coxal and precoxal endites; (d) 6th limb; (e) Two views of toothrows and masti-
catory surface of coxa; (f) Penis; and (g) Furca. Scale at top right for d and g, at bottom left
for a-c, e, f. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCIIICONCHOECIA SPECIES
on the basal segment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna, in having tiny
bumps at the tip of the rounded frontal organ, and in the shape of the male
penis and clasping organs, especially the left clasper. A. pilosa n. sp. differs
from all other species of Archiconchoecia in these same respects, and in the
lengths of the distal setae of the 5th and 6th limbs, and the character of the
bristles on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna.
Archiconchoecia longiseta new species
Figures 7-9
HOLOTYPE.-Female, 1.30 mm long by 0.74 mm high. One slide, deposited in the National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH 171283). Collected 11 July 1970 in a
haul from 1500-20(X) m.
PARATYPE.-Female, 1.27 mm long. One slide, deposited in the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH 171284). Collected on 19 February 1970 in a haul from
1500-2(X)0 m.
TYPE LOCALITY.-Station "S": 32 10'N, 64'30'W, in the Sargasso Sea.
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name refers to the fact that one of the six filaments of the 1st
antenna is much longer than the other five in this species.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.-Shell (Fig. 7a, c): Anterior, ventral, and posterior margins rounded,
dorsal margin nearly straight. Clear lens-like structure near posteroventral corner of each shell.
Right asymmetrical gland 1/3 to 1/2 of the way up the posterior margin, left gland near pos-
terodorsal corner. No sculpturing noted on shell. Height of shell somewhat greater than 1/2
the length.
First antenna and frontal organ (Fig. 7d, e): Frontal organ with 1-2 tiny points at tip, tiny
hairs on ventral surface. 2nd segment of 1st antenna with large spinous dorsal seta. Hairs
distally on 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments. Five of the 6 setae borne on the 5th and 6th segments
are exceptionally short and slim; the 6th and most distal seta is very slim and almost twice
as long as the other 5, but it is not otherwise differentiated, as is the principal seta of the
1st antenna in the genus Conchoecia.
Second antenna (Fig. 7b, f): The basal segment of the exopodite is 52-57% the length of
the shaft. The 2 bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite are long, slim and coarsely
spinous, the proximal bristle being 80-85% the length of the distal one. There are spinules or
hairs around the bases of the bristles. The 5 filaments of the distal segment of the endopodite
are exceptionally slim and short, barely longer than the 2 bristles of the basal segment, and at
least 4 of them have tiny spinules down the distal 1/2 of their lengths (see Fig. 7b). The distal
bristle of the basal segment is 78-79% the length of the longest filament of the distal segment.
There are spinules distally on the distal segment.
Mandible (Fig. 8a, e): The distal segment of the endopodite is relatively long and is cov-
ered with hairs; it bears 7 setae, the 2nd segment 5 setae, and the 1st segment 5. The 4 ventral
setae on the 1st segment are shorter than in other species. The basale has 4 setae distally and
1 near the articulation with the endopodite; its toothrow, as is typical for this genus, consists of
6 serrated but imperfectly separated teeth and 2 large teeth (Fig. 8e). The coxa is distinctive
(Fig. 8a) and has several tooth rows and a masticatory pad of long bristles.
Maxilla (Fig. 8b-d): The endopodite is distinctive. The distal segment bears an exception-
ally long and strongly curved large claw-seta and an unusually small smaller claw-seta, as well
as the usual 3 setae. The setae of the basal segment are short and bare, and there are only 2
on the posterior surface, but 6 on the anterior surface, and there may be 2 (Fig. 8d) or 3 (Fig. 8b)
short lateral setae. The distal end of the basal segment has many hairs or spinules. The coxal and
precoxal endites (Fig. 8c) bear 9-10 bristles each; several on the precoxal endite are exceptionally
long and spinous.
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FIGURE 7.-Archiconchoecria longiseta n. sp., Female. (a) Lateral view of female; (b) Endopodite
of 2nd antenna; (c) Dorsal view of female; (d) Frontal organ and 1st antenna; (e) Ventral view
of frontal organ; and (f) 2nd antenna. Scale on a for a and c, at bottom center for f, at bottom
right for b, d, e. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
1)EEVEY: AR( 'JIC'( XfiH( )CIA SPECIES
FIGURE 8.-Archiconc/occia longiseta n. sp., Female. (a) Four views of toothrows and masticatory
surface of coxa; (b) Endopodite of maxilla; (c) Coxal and precoxal endites; (d) Endopodite of
maxilla of another female; (e) Endopodite and basale of mandible; and (f) 7th limb. Scale at
bottom right for a-f, in mm.
1 C
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
Fifth limb (Fig. 9b): The distal segment of the exopodite is small and has 2 subequal claw-
setae and a shorter ventral seta. On one specimen 4 setae were present on the distal segment
(Fig. 9c). In this species the dorsal seta on the 2nd segment is lacking, and the 1st segment
has 7 setae. The protopodite and endopodite have 11 setae, of which 4 are plumose, and 2
claw-setae, the larger thick and strongly curved. The epipodial appendage has 3 groups of
4-5-4 long plumose setae each.
Sixth limb (Fig. 9d): The distal segment of the exopodite bears 2 long slim claw-setae and
a shorter ventral seta about half the length of the other 2. As is the case in the 5th limb,
6 0.1
FICURE 9.-Archiconchoecia longiseta n. sp., Female. (a) Furca; (b) 5th limb; (c) Distal segments
of another 5th limb; and (d) 6th limb. Scale at bottom left for a-d, in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
the penultimate segment lacks the dorsal seta found in the other species. The 2nd segment has
a single ventral seta, and the 1st segment only 3 plumose ventral setae and a dorsal seta. The
epipodial appendage has 3 groups of 5-5-6 long plumose setae each.
Seventh limb (Fig. 8f): This has 2 setae armed with tiny spinules, the longer approximately
twice the length of the shorter.
Furca (Fig. 9a): This has 8 slim claws and a single unpaired bristle.
REMARKS.-A. longiseta n. sp. differs from all known species of Archi-
conchoecia in having a clear lens-like structure at the posteroventral corner of
each shell, in having 1 of the 6 setae of the 1st antenna much longer than the
other 5, in having very short thin filaments on the distal segment of the
endopodite of the 2nd antenna, in the very long curved claw on the endo-
podite of the maxilla, in the relative lengths of the distal setae of the 5th and
6th limbs, and also in lacking the dorsal seta on the penultimate segment of
the 5th and 6th limbs.
Archiconchoecia bispicula new species
Figure 10
HOLOTYPE.-Female, 1.02 mm long by 0.58 mm high. One slide, deposited in the National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH 171285).
TYPE LocALITY.-'Pillsbury' Cruise 6803, Station 18: 17018'N, 85027'W, in the western
Caribbean Sea, from a vertical tow collected 22 April 1968.
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name refers to the 2 slim prolongations on the tip of the frontal
organ of this species.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.-Shell (Fig. lOa): Ventricosa-shaped, anterior margin strongly
swollen, ventral margin slightly indented, posterior margin rounded. Faint indication of a
sculpturing consisting of parallel lines at the anterior margin of the shell. Height of shell
somewhat greater than half the length. Right asymmetrical gland at 1/3 to 1/2 the shell height
on the posterior margin, left gland at posterodorsal corner.
Frontal organ and first antenna (Fig. 10b, c): Frontal organ unjointed, with 2 thin pro-
longations at tip. The first antenna is similar to that of all other species of Archiconchoecia,
except A. cucullata and A. longiseta n. sp. in having a large coarsely spinous dorsal seta on the
2nd segment and 6 long filaments of equal length, pointed at the tip, on the 5th and 6th segments.
Second antenna (Fig. 10a, d): Basal segment of the exopodite 43% length of shaft. The 2
bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite are borne on a rounded protuberance without
hairs, the proximal bristle being 77% the length of the distal bristle. Hairs on ventral surface
of endopodite. Five filaments of distal segment unequal in length, the most distal being the
shortest.
Mandible (Fig. 10e, i, k): The endopodite and basale are similar to those of A. ventricosa
and other species; the toothrow of the basale has 6 partially separated serrated teeth and 2
large teeth. The coxa has clusters of teeth and a masticatory pad of short spines or bristles.
Maxilla (Fig. l0f): The basal segment of the endopodite is similar to that of A. ventricosa,
with 6 setae on the anterior margin and 4 posteriorly. The precoxal endite has 7 bristles, 2 long
and spinous; the coxal endite has 8 relatively short and curved bristles.
Fifth limb (Fig. 10g): The station of the exopodite is similar to that of A. ventricosa, as are
the relative lengths of the 3 setae on the distal segment. The protopodite and endopodite have
at least 11 setae, 4 plumose, and a thick curved claw. Hairs are present around the base of
the 5th limb.
Sixth limb (Fig. 10h): The station of the exopodite of the 6th limb is also similar to that
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
of A. ventricosa, with 5 setae on the 1st segment, 1 on the 2nd, and 2 on the 3rd. The long
claw-seta on the distal segment is almost twice as long as the dorsal slim claw-seta, and the
dorsal seta is almost twice as long as the ventral seta.
Furca (Fig. 101): This has 7 slim claws and a single unpaired seta.
FIGURE 10.-Archiconchoecia bispicula n. sp., Female. (a) Female shell, opened out; (b) Dorsal
view of tip of frontal organ; (c) Frontal organ and 1st antenna; (d) Endopodite of 2nd antenna;
(e) Toothrows and masticatory surface of coxa of mandible; (f) Endopodite of maxilla; (g) 5th
limb; (h) 6th limb; (i) Endopodite of mandible; (k) Basale of mandible; and (1) Furca. Scale on
a for a, at bottom for b-1. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHlICONCHOECIA SPECIES
REMARKS.-This species is most closely related to A. ventricosa, with which
it agrees in most details. It differs from that species in having 2 slim pro-
longations on the tip of the frontal organ, and in the relative lengths of the
filaments of the distal segment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna. A. bis-
picula n. sp. differs from the other ventricosa-shaped species, except A. poul-
seni n. sp. (from which it differs in size and other respects) in having only
7 claws on the furca, and from all other species of Archiconchoecia in the
characters of the 5th and 6th limbs and 2nd antenna in particular.
Archiconchoecia falcata new species
Figures 11-12
HOLOTYPE.-Female, 1.30 mm long by 0.64 mm high, collected 25 June 1969 in a tow from
1000-1500 in. One slide, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution (NMNH 171286).
PARATYPE.- Immature male, 1.1 mm long by 0.6 mm high, collected 24 February 1969 in a
tow from 15(X-2000 in. One slide, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH
171287).
TYPE LocALITY.-Station "S": 32010'N, 6430'W, in the Sargasso Sea.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin "falcatus", meaning curved or sickle-
shaped, and refers to the swollen anterior margin of the shell.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.--Shell (Fig. I a): Anterior margin swollen, ventral margin slightly
indented, posterior margin rounded, shell rentricosa-shaped. Height approximately twice the
length. Right asymmetrical gland at 1/3rd to 1/2 shell height on the posterior margin, location
of left gland not established, possibly in a comparable position on the left posterior margin.
No sculpturing noted on shell.
Frontal organ and first antenna (Fig. lie, e): Frontal organ unjointed, rounded at tip with
a few very tiny hairs or spinules on the tip. Strong spinous dorsal seta on the 2nd segment of
the 1st antenna. The 2 filaments borne on the 5th segment and the 4 on the 6th are of equal
length and pointed at the tip. No hairs or spinules noted on the segments of the 1st antenna.
Second antenna (Fig. lid, g): The basal segment of the exopodite is 53-56% the length of
the shaft. The 2 bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite are coarsely spinous, the proxi-
mal bristle being 65-68% the length of the distal bristle. Hairs on ventral surface of endopodite.
The 5 filaments on the distal segment are approximately equal in length. The distal segment
of the endopodite of the immature male (Fig. 1 f) has a small knob as the anlage of the clasping
organ, and 2 short bristles.
Mandible (Fig. 12a, d): The distal segment of the endopodite is covered with hairs and is
relatively long. The station of the endopodite and basale is similar to that of the other species,
and the toothrow of the basale consists of the usual 6 imperfectly separated serrated teeth and
2 larger teeth. The coxa has several toothrows of fine teeth, with several larger teeth (Fig. 12d).
Maxilla (Fig. 12b1), c): The basal segment of the endopodite has 5 anterior, 2 lateral and 4
posterior setae. The distal segment has the usual 2 claws and 3 thin setae. The coxal and pre-
coxal endites consist of 7-8 bristles each, several long and spinous.
Fifth limb (Fig. 12e, f): The long claw-seta on the distal segment of the exopodite is twice as
long as the ventral seta and not quite twice as long as the dorsal claw-seta. The 2nd segment
has 1 dorsal and 2 ventral setae and some long hairs ventrally. The 1st segment has 12 setae
in the female, but only 11 setae were noted on the immature male; both specimens had long
hairs ventrally. The protopodite and endopodite have 11 setae of varying lengths, and 2 rela-
tively short claws.
Sixth limb (Fig. 12g): This limb was represented only by stumps in the female, but the
immature male has a 6th limb very different from all other Archiconchoeeia, in that the distal
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
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FIGURE 11.-Archiconchoeciafalcata n. sp. (a) Lateral view of female; (b) Immature male right
shell, flattened out; (c) Female frontal organ; (d) Endopodite of female 2nd antenna, filaments
cut off; (e) Frontal organ and 1st antenna of immature male; (f) Endopodite of immature male
2nd antenna, filaments cut off; and (g) Female 2nd antenna. Scale on a for a, b, g, at lower left
for c-f. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
0 0.1
FIcGUE 12.-Archiconchoecia falcata n. sp. (a) Endopodite and basale of immature male; (b)
Endopodite of maxilla of immature male; (c) Coxal and precoxal endites of female; (d) Toothrows
and masticatory pad of female coxa; (e) Immature Male 5th limb; (f) Female 5th limb; (g) 6th
limb of immature male; and (h) Female furca. Scale at bottom for a-h, in mm.
1978
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
segment is elongate and bears 2 very long slim nonplumose setae that are almost as long as
the entire limb. There was no sign of a 3rd seta on the distal segment. The penultimate segment
is somewhat shorter than the distal segment, and bare of setae. The 2nd segment of the exopodite
has only 1 small ventral seta, the 1st segment 7 setae. Such a 6th limb, with very long distal
setae, approaches the condition in males of the genus Conchoecia, which have 3 long plumose
setae.
Furca (Fig. 12h): The female furca has 8 claws and an unpaired bristle, the immature male
7 claws and an unpaired bristle.
REMARKS.-A. falcata n. sp. differs from other Archiconchoecia in the rela-
tive lengths of the basal segment of the exopodite of the 2nd antenna to the
shaft, and of the bristles on the basal segment of the endopodite. It differs
particularly from all species in having a very distinctive 6th limb, with 2 very
long setae.
Archiconchoecia bimucronata new species
Figures 13-14
HOLOTYPE.-Male, 0.90 mm long by 0.54 mm high at the anterior end and 0.40 mm high
posteriorly. One slide, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution (NMNH 171288).
TYPE LOCALITY.-Station "S": 32010'N, 64030'W, in the Sargasso Sea, collected 15 Septem-
ber 1970 in a tow from 1000-1500 m.
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name is derived from the Latin "mucronatus", meaning pointed,
and refers to the fact that the frontal organ bears 2 long slim prolongations.
DESCRIPTION OF MALE.-Shell (Fig. 13a, g): Anterior margin swollen, ventral margin nearly
straight, posterior margin rounded, ventricosa-shaped. Dorsal margin slopes downward so that
the greatest height is at the anterior end, as in the A. centricosa male. Shoulder vaults not
developed, shell evenly rounded; some indication of a sculpturing of parallel lines at the anterior
end of the shell, as in A. ventricosa, A. bispicula, n. sp., and A. pilosa, n. sp. Right asym-
metrical gland just above the rounded posteroventral corner, left gland at the posterodorsal
corner.
Frontal organ and first antenna (Fig. 13c, d): The frontal organ is rounded at the tip, with
2 slim needle-like prolongations, and extends slightly beyond the 6th segment of the 1st antenna.
First antenna as in most of the other species, with a large coarsely spinous dorsal seta on the
2nd segment and 6 long wide filaments, of equal length and pointed at the tip, borne on the 5th
and 6th segments. No hairs or spinules noted on the segments of the 1st antenna.
Second antenna (Fig. 13b, e, f): As illustrated in Figure 13b, the basal segment of the exo-
podite is 50% the length of the shaft. The proximal bristle on the basal segment of the endo-
podite is 61-62% the length of the distal bristle, and both are coarsely spinous. The filaments
of the distal segment of the endopodite are unequal in length, the most proximal being shorter
than the others. The right clasping organ is slim, relatively long and curved near its base; the left
clasper is shorter, more roundly curved, and thicker near the tip. The 2 bristles at the bases of
the clasping organs are quite short.
Mandible (Fig. 14b-d): The distal segment of the endopodite is covered with hairs and rela-
tively short and square. The station of the endopodite is similar to that of A. ventricosa and
A. bispicula, n. sp. The toothrow of the basale is also similar to that of other species, with 6
imperfectly separated serrated teeth and 2 large teeth.
Maxilla (Fig. 14a): The basal segment of the endopodite has 5 setae, 3 plumose, on the an-
terior margin, 1 lateral and 3 posterior setae. The distal segment has the usual smaller and
larger claws and 3 thin setae.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
I,
0 01 d
FIGURE 13.-Archiconchoecia bimucronata n. sp., Male. (a) Male shell, opened out; (b) Shaft
and exopodite of 2nd antenna, lacking setae; (c) Dorsal view of frontal organ; (d) Frontal
organ and 1st antenna; (e) Endopodite of right 2nd antenna; (f) Endopodite of left 2nd antenna, fil-
aments cut off; and (g) Dorsal view of shell. Scale on a for a and g, at top center for b, at lower
left for c-f. Scales in nummn.
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b
0 0.1
FIGURE 14.-Archiconchoecia bimucronata n. sp., Male. (a) Endopodite of maxilla; (b) Toothrows
and masticatory pad of coxa; (c) Toothrow of basale of mandible; (d) Endopodite and basale of
mandible; (e) 6th limb; (f) Furca; (g) Penis; and (h) 5th limb. Scale at bottom right for a-h, in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
Fifth limb (Fig. 14h): The dorsal claw-seta on the distal segment of the exopodite is about
80% the length of the longer claw-seta; the ventral seta is exceptionally short, only 1/5 the
length of the longer claw-seta. The 2nd segment has 2 ventral and 1 dorsal setae and the 1st
segment 7 setae, of which 3 are plumose, and a longer dorsal seta.
Sixth limb (Fig. 14e): The dorsal claw-seta on the distal segment of the exopodite is around
72% the length of the exceptionally longer claw-seta, whereas the ventral seta is exceptionally
short, around 1/10 the length of the longer claw-seta. The penultimate segment has a dorsal
and a ventral seta, the 2nd segment 1 ventral seta, and the 1st segment 5 plumose ventral
setae and 2 dorsal setae and is covered with hairs proximally. The epipodial appendage has 3
groups of 6-5-5 long plumose setae each.
Furca (Fig. 14): This has 8 slim claws and a single unpaired bristle.
Penis (Fig. 14g): This is relatively short and plump, thicker at the middle, and rounded at
the tip.
REMARKS.-A. bimucronata n. sp. is ventricosa-shaped, and is closely re-
lated to A. ventricosa, A. fabiformnis, and A. bispicula n. sp., but differs from
these species either in features of the frontal organ or number of claws on the
furca, and also in the relative lengths of the basal segment of the exopodite
of the 2nd antenna to the shaft and of the 2 bristles on the basal segment of
the endopodite. It differs from all the other species in having a very short
ventral seta on the distal segments of the 5th and 6th limbs.
Archiconchoecia bifurcata new species
Figures 15-16
HoLOTYPE.-Female, 1.65 mm long by 0.90 mm high. Collected 13 April 1969 in a tow from
1000-1500 m. Two slides, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution (NMNH 171289).
PARATYPES.-Immature female, 1.4 mm long by 0.8 mm high. Collected 24 |uly 19b in
a tow from 1000-1500 m. Two slides. Immature male, 1.25 mm long by 0.72 mm high. Col-
lected 12 September 1968 in a tow from 1000-1500 m. One slide. Slides deposited in the National
Museum of Natural History (NMNH 171290 and 171291).
TYPE LOCALITY.-Station "S": 32010'N, 64030'W, in the Sargasso Sea.
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name is derived from the Latin furcatuss", meaning forked,
and refers to the bifurcate frontal organ.
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.-Shell (Fig. l5a-c): Anterior margin swollen, ventral margin nearly
straight, posterior margin rounded, rentricosa-shaped. No indication of sculpturing on shell.
Height of shell slightly greater than half the length. Right asymmetrical gland approximately
half way up the posterior margin, left gland at posterodorsal corner; glands well developed.
Shoulder vaults not developed, shell evenly rounded in anterior or posterior view.
Frontal organ and first antenna (Fig. 15d, e): Frontal organ jointed, slightly longer than the
extended segments of the 1st antenna, forked at tip with 2 sharp points. First antenna as in
most of the other species, with a strong coarsely spinous dorsal bristle on the 2nd segment, and
6 long slim filaments, pointed at the tips and of equal length, borne on the 5th and 6th segments.
A few spinules dorsally on the 4th segment.
Second antenna (Fig. 15f, g): The basal segment of the exopodite is 58-63% the length
of the shaft. The proximal bristle on the basal segment of the endopodite is ca. 60% the length
of the distal bristle; both are coarsely spinous and are borne on a rounded protuberance. The
5 long slim filaments on the distal segment of the endopodite are subequal in length and pointed
at the tip. No hairs or spinules were noted on the endopodite.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
a ; m
1mm
b6
C
FIGURE 15.-Archiconchoecia bifurcata n. sp., Female. (a-c) Lateral view of right shell, anterior
view, lateral view of left shell; (d) Distal segment of frontal organ, (e) Frontal organ and 1st an-
tenna; (f) 2nd antenna, lacking exopodite setae and endopodite filaments; (g) Endopodite of 2nd
antenna; (h) 2 views of toothrows and masticatory pad of coxa of mandible; (i) Endopodite of
maxilla; and (k) Coxal and precoxal endites of maxilla. Scale on a for a-c, at upper left for d, h,
i, k, at upper right for e-g. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
1978 DEEVEY: ARCHICO\NCIIOECIA SPECIES 133
0 01
0 0.1
Fi.(;'E 16.-Archico(choccia bifurcuto n. sp., Female. (a) Endopodite and basale of mandible:
(1b) Toothrow of basale; (c) 5th limb; (d) 7th limb: (e) Furca; and (f) 6th limb. Scale at bottom
left for a and d, at top for b, c, f, at center for e. Scales in mm.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
Mandible (Fig. 15h, 16a, b): The distal segment of the endopodite is relatively short and
square and covered with hairs. The station of the endopodite and basale is similar to that of
most of the other species. The toothrow of the basale consists of 6 partially separated serrated
teeth and 2 large teeth, as in the other species. The coxa has several toothrows (Fig. 15h), but
the masticatory pad is exceptionally protuberant and is covered with bristles and large denticles.
Maxilla (Fig. 15i, k): On the anterior margin of the basal segment of the endopodite are 2
short and 4 long nonplumose setae; on the posterior side are 4 setae, 1 plumose, and 2 short
lateral setae. The distal margin of the basal segment is armed with spines. The distal segment
has the usual 2 relatively short and thick claws and 3 short setae. The coxal endite has at least
9 bristles, the precoxal 7, of which several are spinous.
Fifth limb (Fig. 16c): The dorsal claw-seta on the distal segment of the exopodite is only
a little shorter than the strong longer distal claw-seta, which is almost twice as long as the
ventral seta. All 3 setae are unusually strong and thick. The 2nd segment has 1 dorsal and 2
ventral setae, and the 1st segment 9 setae, 3 plumose, plus a relatively long dorsal seta. The
protopodite and endopodite have a total of 12 setae, 4 plumose, and a large thick claw and a
small claw. The epipodial appendage is in 3 groups of 4-5-4 long plumose setae each.
Sixth limb (Fig. 16f): The 3 setae on the distal segment of the exopodite do not differ
greatly in length; the dorsal claw-seta is around 83% the length of the longer claw-seta, and
the ventral seta is about 66% the length of the longer seta. The penultimate segment has a dorsal
and a ventral seta and some hairs ventrally, the 2nd segment a single ventral seta, and the
1st segment 6 plumose setae and a slim bare dorsal seta. The epipodial appendage has 3 groups
of 5-5-7 long plumose setae each, one of the latter being much smaller than the other 6.
Furca (Fig. 16e): This has 8 claws and a small unpaired bristle. The immature female and
the immature male both had 7 claws on the furca.
Seventh limb (Fig. 16d): This bears 2 bare setae, the shorter 56% the length of the longer.
REMARKS.-This species appears to be most closely related to A. poulseni
n. sp., with which it agrees in having a bifurcate frontal organ, but from
which it differs in lacking hairs or spinules on the frontal organ and on the
basal segment of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna, and in having 8 claws on
the furca, rather than 7. Poulsen (1969) did not describe the relative lengths
of the basal segment of the exopodite of the 2nd antenna to the shaft, nor
say whether the 5 filaments on the distal segment of the 2nd antenna were
equal or unequal in length. However A. bifurcata n. sp. differs from A. poul-
seni n. sp. in the station of the endopodite of the maxilla and of the 5th limb.
A. bifurcata n. sp. differs from other species of Archiconchoecia, as well as
other ventricosa-shaped species, in having a jointed bifurcate frontal organ
and in the relative lengths of the basal segment of the exopodite of the 2nd
antenna to the shaft, and of the 2 bristles on the basal segment of the en-
dopodite.
Archiconchoecia gastrodes new species
Figures 17-18
HOLOTYPE.-Female, 1.85 mm long by 0.87 mm high. One slide, deposited in the National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH 171292).
TYPE LocALITY.-Station "S": 32010'N, 64030'W, in the Sargasso Sea, collected 19 February
1970 in a tow from 1000-1500 m.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHICONCHOECIA SPECIES
FIGURE 17.-Archiconchoccia gastrodes n. sp., Female. (a) Lateral view of female; (b) 1st antenna;
(c) Endopodite of 2nd antenna, filaments cut off; (d) Furca; (e) Endopodite of maxilla; and
(f) Endopodite and basale of mandible. Scale on a for a, at center bottom for b, d, f, at right
bottom for c, e. Scales in mm.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
So.1 0 0.5 6 0.1
FIGURE 18.-Archiconchoecia gastrodes n. sp., Female. (a) Toothrows and masticatory pad of coxa;
(b) Endopodite of 2nd antenna; (c) 2nd antenna, lacking exopodite setae and endopodite fila-
ments; (d) 5th limb; and (e) 6th limb. Scale at bottom left for a, d, e, at bottom right for b, at
bottom center for c. Scales in mm.
Vol. 23, No. 2
DEEVEY: ARCHIICONCHOECIA SPECIES
ETYMOLOGY.-The specific name is from the Greek "gastrodes", meaning pot-bellied, and
refers to the swollen anterior margin of the shell.
DESCRIPTION orF FEMALE.-SShlt' (Fig. 17a): Anterior margin swollen, ventral margin almost
straight, posterior margin rounded. rentricosa-shaped. No indication of sculpturing on shell.
Height of shell a little less than half the length. Right asymmetrical gland between 1/3 and 1/2
the shell height on the posterior margin, left gland near posterodorsal corner.
First antenna (Fig. 17b): Unfortunately the frontal organ of this specimen was lost, so it is
not known if it was bifurcate, rounded, or with prolongations. The 1st antenna is similar to that
of most of the other species, with a long strong spinous dorsal seta on the 2nd segment, and 6
long filaments of equal length and pointed at the tip borne on the 5th and 6th segments. The
3rd segment has a few spinules dorsally.
Second antenna (Fig. l7c, 18, c): The basal segment of the exopodite is around 60% the
length of the shaft. The proximal bristle on the basal segment of the endopodite is about 64% the
length of the distal bristle. The 2 bristles are not borne on a noticeably rounded protuberance,
as in A. bifuracta, n. sp. The long thin filaments on the distal segment of the endopodite are
unequal in length. On the basal segment of the endopodite there are a few spinules ventrally
and near the bases of the 2 bristles. On the shaft, lust beneath the attachment of the endopodite,
is a.hunch of long hairs.
Mandible (Fig. 17f, 18a): The station of the endopodite and basale is as in the other species,
and the toothrow of the basale similarly consists of 6 imperfectly separated serrated teeth and
2 large teeth. The coxa has several closely set toothrows, and the masticatory pad consists
of small spines or bristles as in most of the other species.
Maxilla (Fig. 17e): The basal segment of the endopodite has 6 slim bare setae on the anterior
side, I much shorter than the others. There are also 6 bare setae posteriorly, and no spines or
spinules on the distal margin, as in A. hifureata, n. sp. The 2 claws on the distal segment are
exceptionally slim, and 2 of the 3 setae are quite slim and short. The coxal endite has 9 curv-
ing bristles, the precoxal at least 8, of which several are long and spinous.
Fifth limb (Fig. l8d): The setae on the distal segment of the exopodite are slim, the ventral
seta being 37% the length of the longer claw-seta, the dorsal seta 74% the length of the
longest seta. The 2nd segment has 2 ventral and 1 dorsal seta and is covered with hairs ven-
trally. The 1st segment has 10 setae, 3 plumose, and a longer dorsal seta; it has some hairs dor-
sally and ventrally. The protopodite and endopodite have 10 setae, 4 plumose, and 2 relatively
slim claws. The epipodial appendage has 3 groups of 4-5-4 long plumose setae each.
Sixth limb) (Fig. 18e): The relative lengths of the slim setae on the distal segment of the exo-
podite are similar to those on the distal segment of the 5th limb; the ventral seta is around 40%
the length of the longer claw-seta, the dorsal seta around 78% the length of the longer seta.
The penultimate segment has a dorsal and a ventral seta, the 2nd segment 1 ventral seta, and
the 1st segment 6 plumose setae and a long bare dorsal seta. The 1st segment is covered with
hairs ventrally. The epipodial appendage has 3 groups of 5-5-6 long plumose setae each.
Furca (Fig. 17d): This has 8 slim claws and a single unpaired bristle.
REMARKS.-A. gastrodes n. sp. is in the same size range as A. poulseni n. sp.
and A. bifurcata n. sp., but it differs from the former in having 8 claws on
the furca and from both these species, as well as from other species, in the rela-
tive lengths of the distal setae on the 5th and 6th limbs, and in details of
the endopodite of the 2nd antenna and the station of the endopodite of the
maxilla.
BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM
LITERATURE CITED
Angel, M. V. 1971/72. Planktonic oceanic ostracods-Historical, Present and Future. Proc.
R. S. E. (B) 73(22):213-228.
and M. J. R. Fasham. 1975. Analysis of the vertical and geographic distribution of
the abundant species of planktonic ostracods in the Northeast Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Ass.
U. K. 55:709-737.
Deevey, G. B. 1968. Pelagic ostracods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Peabody Mus. Nat.
Hist., Yale Univ., Bull. 26, 125 p., 65 figs.
1978a. The planktonic ostracods of the Cariaco Trench and adjacent waters. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 91(1):52-73.
1978b. A taxonomic and distributional study of the planktonic ostracods collected
on three cruises of the Eltanin in the South Pacific and the Antarctic region of the South
Pacific. Antarctic Res. Ser., 28:43-70.
Miller, G. W. 1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna and Flora des Golfes von
Neapel. Monogr. 21:1-404, Pls. 1-40.
1906. Ostracoda. Wissensch. Ergeb. d. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem
Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899, 8:1-154, Pls. 5-35.
1908. Die Ostracoden der Deutschen Ssidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche
Sildpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, X, Zoologie II: 53-181, Pis. 4-19.
Poulsen, E. M. 1969. Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part IIIA, Halocypriformes-Thaumatocypridae and
Halocypridae. Dana-Report No. 75, 100 p., 40 figs.
Vol. 23, No. 2
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