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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY
OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM, NO. I
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
BY
EDWIN B. MAINS
NOTES ON AGARICS
FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
BY
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
ANN ARBOR
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS
MAY, 1939
CONTENTS
PAGE
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS. Edwin B. Mains .......... 5
NOTES ON AGARICS FROM BRITISH RONDURAS. Alexander H. Smith. 21
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
EDWIN B. MAINS
IN continuation of an investigation of the biology of the Maya
area, a co-operative study of the University of Michigan and
the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the writer and C. L.
Lundell spent the summer of 1936 in an investigation of the flora
of the El Cayo District of British Honduras.' The writer devoted
his attention to the cryptogamic flora and specially to the
Uredinales. There is very little information available concerning
the rusts of British Honduras. In a previous publication (3) a
few species, obtained by previous expeditions or from phanero-
gamic species, were reported. These have also been included in
this account.
The first portion of the trip was spent south of the town of El
Cayo, mostly at the mahogany camps of Valentin and Cohune
Ridge. Short trips were also taken to Retiro and Chalillo Cross-
ing. This region is covered with a luxuriant rain forest. Here a
collector of rusts works under difficulties. Because of the luxuriant
growth of the high rain forest only a small percentage of the
vegetation can be closely inspected. As a result, most of the col-
lections of rusts were obtained from the second growth which had
sprung up around logging camps and along the roads.
The second portion of the trip was spent in the Mountain Pine
Ridge, mostly at San Agustin and Vaquero. In this area pine and
grasses predominate except along the streams and in islands of
rain forest growing on the scattered limestone hills. Here grass
rusts should have been abundant. Unfortunately the Indians
burn the area each year, and collecting in this group was dis-
appointing.
In this paper fifty-eight species in eleven genera are listed. Of
these, ten species are described as new. Seven other species are
known only from Central America or adjacent southern Mexico;
nine only from Central and South America, and two only from
Central America and the West Indies. It is interesting to note
I The expedition and the publication of this paper were made possible
by grants from the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies.
5
EDWIN B. MAINS
that thirteen additional species have a distribution from the
West Indies through Central America into South America with
very little extension northward into Mexico. The remaining
seventeen species have a general distribution in the tropical por-
tions of the Americas. The tendency toward a distribution from
the West Indies through Central America into tropical South
America agrees with a similar tendency for a number of the
phanerogamic species.
In the following list unless otherwise noted the collections were
made by the author in the El Cayo District of British Honduras
during the summer of 1936. Types and other specimens have been
deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Michigan.
1. ALVEOLARIA CORDIAE Lagerh.-On Cordia ferruginea(Lam.)
Roem. & Schult., Cohune Ridge, July 10 (3786); Cordia sp., Co-
hune Ridge, July 9 (3775). This is a very interesting rust. The
teliospores form columns. They adhere more laterally than verti-
cally, and the column breaks into circular plates. It has been
reported from Jamaica, various parts of Central America, and
northern South America.
2. ANGIOPSORA PALLESCENS (Arth.) Mains.-On Tripsacum
latifolium Hitch., Vaquero, Aug. 10 (4104). This species has been
known under the name Puccinia pallescens Arth. A similar rust
on maize which has been included in the species has been recently
recognized as a distinct species by the writer (4). Angiopsora
pallescens has been reported from Mexico (state), Guatemala,
Nicaragua, and Salvador.
3. CHACONIA ALUTACEA Juel.-On Pithecolobium Recordii
(Britton & Rose) Standl., Sittee River, Sept. 4, 1930, W. A.
Schipp (621A). This species has been known only from the type
collected by C. A. M. Lindman, July 15, 1893, near Asunci6n,
Gran Chaco, Paraguay. In a previous publication (3) it was sug-
gested that the host was probably Pithecolobium Peckii. It is
not that species but P. Recordii.
4. CIONOTHRIX PRAELONGA (Wint.) Arth.-On Eupatorium
sp., Cohune Ridge, July 9 (3782), July 10 (3787); Chalillo
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
Crossing, July 16 (3861). Arthur considers this a short-cycled
Cronartium in the Melampsoraceae. Dietel has placed it in the
Pucciniaceae. It has been reported from Vera Cruz, Mexico, and
from Central and South America.
5. COLEOSPORIUM ELEPHANTOPODIS (Schw.) Thum.-On Ele-
phantopus mollis H.B.K., San Agustin, Aug. 3 (4041); Ortho-
pappus angustifolius (Swartz) Gleason, San Agustin, July 27
(3973); July 29 (3993, 4001), Aug. 7 (4091); Pseudelephantopus
sp., San Agustin, July 26 (3926). A widespread rust in the
warmer regions of the Americas.
6. COLEOSPORIUM EUPATORII Arth.-On Eupatorium Oerstedi-
anum Benth., San Agustin, July 23 (3877), July 26 (3946, 3947).
This species is widely distributed in the West Indies, Central
America, and northern South America.
7. COLEOSPORIUM IPOMOEAE .(Schw.) Burrill.-On Ipomoea
sp., Benque Viejo, June 17 (3527); San Agustin, July 26 (3948);
Jacquemontia azurea (Desr.) Choisy, Vaquero, Aug. 11 (4116);
also Mountain Pine Ridge, Feb. 27, 1931, H. H. Bartlett
(11824A). Apparently this is the first record of this rust on
Jacquemontia. It is a widespread species in the warmer parts
of the Americas.
8. COLEOSPORIUM PARAPHYSATUM Dietel & Holw.-On Liabum
dimidium Blake, Cohune Ridge, July 10 (3785); also L. sub-
glandulare Blake, El Cayo, March-June, 1933, Mercedes Chanek
(15A). This rust has had an interesting history. Dietel and Hol-
way (1) described paraphyses for the telia. Magnus (2) has
pointed out that these probably were long sterigmata. He, how-
ever, described paraphyses for the uredinia. In the study of
collections from British Honduras well-developed peridia were
found surrounding the uredinia. The spores of collection 3785
also had a much greater range in length than those described for
C. paraphysatum. Through the kindness of George B. Cummins
it has been possible to study all of the collections of this species
in the Arthur Herbarium, including the type. This material shows
that the uredinia are bordered by peridia. The cells of the peridia
EDWIN B. MAINS
are thin walled, usually long and narrow, especially in the upper
portion, and often separate somewhat from each other at the
upper margin of the peridium. The urediniospores are very vari-
able in size. In most collections the urediniospores are 14-20
X 22-54/'. In collection 3785 from British Honduras they measure
13-24 X24-70g. The species has been collected in Guatemala,
Costa Rica, Salvador, and Jalisco, Mexico.
9. COLEOSPORIUM SPIGELIAE Arth.-On Spigelia sp., Chalillo
Crossing, July 15, 1936 (3851). The markings of the uredinio-
spores of this species are cylindric pegs. This species has been
reported from Guatemala and Salvador.
10. CRONARTIUM QUERCUS (Brondeau) Schroet.-On Quercus
sp., San Agustin, July 27 (3970, 3971); July 28 (3975); Aug. 12
(4130), Aug. 13 (4136). This is a widespread rust of oaks. In
Central America it has been reported from Guatemala. The oak
is probably Quercus oleoides Cham. & Schecht. The common pine,
Pinus caribaea Morelet, of the Mountain Pine Ridge is probably
the host of the aecial stage.
11. DASYSPORA GREGARIA (Kunze) P. Henn.-On Xylopia
frutescens Aubl., San Agustin, July 24 (3882); also Maskall,
March 31, 1934, Percy H. Gentle (1197A). This is a very curious
rust (3). It has been reported from Costa Rica, Panama, and
Guatemala, also from South America.
12. PUCCINIA ARECHAVALETAE Speg.-On Cardiospermum
grandiflorum Swartz, Cohune Ridge, July 13 (3824); El Cayo,
July 21 (3871); also Hector Creek, Sibun River, Dec. 1, 1934,
Percy H. Gentle (1414A). Widely distributed in tropical America.
13. PUCCINIA BARBATULA Arth. & Johnston.-On Banisteria
laurifolia L., El Cayo, June 16 (3509). This rust is characterized
by large, strongly echinulate urediniospores and hyaline telio-
spores. It apparently has only been reported from Cuba.
14. Puccinia belizensis Mains, sp. nov.-Urediniis amphigenis,
cinnamoneis; urediniosporis late obovoideis, 28-34X38-58u,
membranis pallide vel atri-brunneis, 2-3p crassis, 4-6A supra,
conspicue echinulatis, poris 3-4p, fere aequatorialibus; teliis
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
amphigenis, atri-brunneis; teliosporis obovoideis, 20-24 X 36-48y,
membranis flavo-brunneis, 2-31, 3-4p supra, pedicellis usque
100u, flavo-brunneis.
Uredinia amphigenous, 0.5-1.0 mm. long, scattered or coa-
lescing in lines, often 3 mm. long on the culms, pulverulent,
cinnamon-brown; urediniospores broadly obovoid, 28-34X38-
58A, the wall light or dark brown, 2-3A, thickened above, 4-6p,
prominently echinulate, the pores 3-4, approximately equatorial.
Telia amphigenous, in lines or coalescing on the culms, dark
brown; teliospores obovoid, 20-24X36-481, the wall yellowish
brown, 2-31, 3-4Aj above, the pedicels up to 100M yellowish
brown.-On Olyra latifolia L., Valentin, June 24 (3584); Retiro,
June 30 (3700); Valentin, July 3 (3727); Cohune Ridge, July 9
(3772, 3781 type); San Agustin, Aug. 12 (4124).
This species is distinguished from other species on Olyra by
its large, thick-walled urediniospores. The type, collection 3881,
was found closely associated with aecia on Sebastiania Stand-
leyana (collection 3780).
15. PUCCINIA CALEAE Arth.-On Calea sp., San Agustin, July
25 (3922). The urediniospores of this collection measure 18-25
X30-40 p and the teliospores, 34-36X46-50p. The species has
been reported from Costa Rica, Guatemala, southwestern
Mexico, and northern South America.
16. Puccinia ciliata Mains, sp. nov.-Pycniis epiphyllis, glo-
bosis, 80-100l; aeciis amphigenis, aggregatis, sine peridiis;
aeciosporis catenulatis, angulare globosis vel ellipsoideis, 16-24
X20-36p, membranis hyalinis vel subbrunneis, 1.5-2.0p, dense
et crasse verrucosis; urediniis hypophyllis, sparsis, cinnamoncis,
peridiis paraphysibus supra praeditis; paraphysibus cylindriceis,
8-12X40-60p, introrsum curvatis, membranis hyalinis, inaequalite
spissatis; urediniosporis ellipsoideis, 16-20 X 20-27m, membranis
cinnamoneis, 1.5u, usque 2.5-3.0u supra verrucosis; teliis hy-
pophyllis, peridiis paraphysibus supra praeditis; teliosporis
obovoideis vel ellipsoideis, 18-26X28-32p, membranis castaneo-
brunneis, 1.5-2.0u, conoideo-verrucosis, pedicellis brevibus et
fragilibus.
EDWIN B. MAINS
Pycnia epiphyllous, globoid, 80-100l, paraphyses extruding.
Aecia amphigenous, grouped, small, 0.2 mm. without peridia;
aeciospores catenulate, angularly globoid or ellipsoid, 16-24
X24-36p, the walls colorless or brownish, 1.5-2.01 closely and
coarsely verrucose. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, small,
0.1-0.2 mm. cinnamon-brown, the peridia provided with para-
physes above, the paraphyses cylindric, 8-12X40-60/, incurved,
the walls hyaline, thickened unevenly on the convex side;
urediniospores ellipsoid, 16-20X20-27'p, the wall cinnamon-
brown, 1.5A, up to 2.5-3.04 at the apex, verrucose. Telia hypo-
phyllous, similar to the uredinia; teliospores obovoid or ellipsoid,
18-26X28-38p, wall chestnut-brown, 1.5-2.0p, conically verru-
cose, the pedicels short, fragile.-On Cordia alliodora (Ruiz &
Pavon) Cham., Macaw Bank, July 22 (3907 type); Cohune
Ridge, July 12 (3820).
This species is closely related to Puccinia Cordiae (P. Henn.)
Arth. Through the kindness of George B. Cummins it has been
possible to study material of the latter species from the Arthur
Herbarium. This was found to differ somewhat from the descrip-
tions of the species. The spores of the primary sori are catenulate,
and the paraphyses of the uredinia usually have thickened walls
on the convex side. Puccinia ciliata differs from this species in
the following; urediniospores 21-24 X 29-35u; teliospores 19-26
X34-55ts, with the pedicels swelling at the base.
17. PUCCINIA CONOCLINI Seym.-On Eupatorium sp., Cohune
Ridge, July 11 (3805). This species is widely distributed in Cen-
tral America and the warmer parts of North and South America.
18. PUCCINIA CRASSIPES Berk. & Curt.-On Ipomoea triloba
L., Corozal-Orange Walk Road, Sept. 18, 1933, C. L. Lundell
(5002A). This species is widely distributed in the warmer parts
of the Americas.
19. PUCCINIA ERRATICA Jackson & Holw.-On Vernonia tor-
tuosa (L.) Blake, Benque Viejo, June 17 (3526); Cohune Ridge,
July 9 (3774); San Agustin, Aug. 15 (4137). This is an interesting
species. It was originally placed in the genus Dictelia and then
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
transferred to Endophyllum. The aecia lack peridia. Uredinia
have been described but do not occur in any of the specimens
listed here. Collections 3526 and 3774 have pycnia and aecia.
Collection 4137 has pycnia, aecia, and telia all apparently arising
from the same mycelium. This species has been reported from
southern Mexico and Guatemala.
20. PUCCINIA GOUANIAE Holw.-On Gouania polygama (Jacq.)
Urban, Cohune Ridge, July 9 (3776). This species has been re-
ported from the West Indies, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama,
and South America.
21. PUCCINIA HELIOTROPII Kern & Kellerm.-On Heliotropium
sp., Duck Run, June 15 (3504). A micropuccinia reported from
eastern Guatemala and Venezuela.
22. PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berk. & Curt.-On Abutilon
hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, San Juaquin, Corozal District, Aug. 17,
1933, C. L. Lundell (4966A). This is a widespread rust on the
Malvaceae in Tropical America.
23. PUCCINIA INCLITA Arth.-On Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl.)
Hitch. & Chase, San Agustin, July 25 (3916); Aug. 4 (4055); also
Mountain Pine Ridge, Feb. 21, 1931, H. H. Bartlett (11625A,
11626A). This species has been previously reported from Puerto
Rico and Venezuela.
24. PUCCINIA LANTANAE Farl.-On Lantana sp., San Agustin,
Aug. 7 (4093); Vaquero, Aug. 11 (4118). This species has been
reported from southern Florida, West Indies, southern Mexico,
Costa Rica, and South America.
25. PUCCINIA LATERITIA Berk. & Curt.-On Borreria sp., San
Agustin, July 25 (3923); Vaquero, Aug. 11 (4119); on Crusea
calocephala DC., San Agustin, July 26 (3927); on Hemididodia
sp., San Agustin, Aug. 12 (4131). This species has been reported
on various species of the Rubiaceac in tropical America.
26. PUCCINIA LEVIS (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magnus.-On Panicum
Sellowii Nees, San Agustin, July 23 (3878), July 25 (3910); on
EDWIN B. MAINS
Paspalum pilosum Lam., Vaquero, Aug. 10 (4108); also Paspalum
Hartwegianum Fourn., Tiger Point, Northern River, Nov. 7,
1933, Percy H. Gentle (891A); on Thrasya campylostachya
(Hack.) Chase. San Agustin, Aug. 2 (4021), Aug. 7 (4089). This is
a widespread rust in tropical America.
27. Puccinia oblata Mains, sp. nov.-Pycniis epiphyllis, glo-
bosis, 100-120p; acciis hypophyllis, aggregatis, cylindriceis, albis;
aeciosporis globosis vel ellipsoideis, 20-24X26-30p, memnbranis
hyalinis, 2y, dense et crasse verrucosis; urediniis hypophyllis,
sparsis, cinnamoneis; urediniosporis oblato-globosis, 22-26X16-
20, membranis cinnamoneis, 1.5g, echinulatis, poris 2-3, aequa-
torialibus; teliis hypophyllis, sparsis; teliosporis ellipsoideis, cin-
namoneis, 20-26X27-34g, membranis 1.5p, 2.5-5u supra, vel
castaneo-brunneis, 23-28 X 32-40p, membranis 2-2.5 p, 5-6A supra,
irregulater verruculosis, pedicellis hyalinis, fragilibus.
Pycnia epiphyllous, globoid, 100-120/, the paraphyses ex-
truding. Aecia hypophyllous, grouped, cylindric, white, the
peridial cells 20-26 X 28-32p, with the interior walls 6-8A and the
exterior walls 2-3j/; aeciospores globoid or ellipsoid, 20-24X26-
30g, the walls hyaline, 2,, closely and coarsely verrucose. Ure-
dinia hypophyllis, scattered, small, 0.2 mm.; cinnamon-brown;
urediniospores oblate-globoid, 22-26 X16-20p, the walls cinna-
mon-brown, 1.5A, echinulate, the pores 2-3p equatorial. Telia
hypophyllous, scattered, small, 0.2 mam.; teliosporis ellipsoid,
cinnamon-brown, 20-26X27-34M, the walls 1.5i, 2.5-5g above,
or chestnut-brown, 23-28X32-40%, the walls 2-2.5p, thickened
above, 5-6A, irregularly verruculose, the pedicels hyaline, fragile.
-On Notoptera scabridula Blake, Duck Run, El Cayo District,
Feb. 17, 1931, H. H. Bartlett (11541A); Otopappus curviflorus
(R. Br.) Hemsl. Los Amates, Guatemala, Feb. 6, 1905, Chas. C.
Deam (89A, type). Both specimens of this rust were obtained
from phanerogamic collections.
28. PUCCINIA OBLIQUA Berk. & Curt.-On Vincetoxicum sp.,
Cohune Ridge, July 11 (3808). A widespread rust of the Asclepia-
daceae in Central and the warmer parts of North and South
America.
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
29. PUCCINIA PALICOURIAE Mains.-On Palicourea triphylla
DC. San Agustin, July 23 (3874), July 26 (3942); also Mountain
Pine Ridge, May 7, 1931, H. H. Bartlett (13091, type). This
species so far is known (3) only from the Mountain Pine Ridge
of the El Cayo District.
30. PUCCINIA PAUPERCULA Arth.-On Pseudelephantopus spi-
catus (Juss.) Rohr, Benque Viejo, June 17 (3528); Camp Six,
July 19 (3865). A micropuccinia reported from Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Panama, and southern Mexico.
31. PUCCINIA POLYSORA Underw.-On Tripsacum latifolium
Hitch., San Agustin, July 24 (3898), July 27 (3957). This rust
has been reported from the southern United States, West Indies,
central Mexico, and Venezuela.
32. PUCCINIA SORGHI Schw.-On Zea Mays L., Vaca-Negro-
man Road, July 9 (3867). This is the large-spored form previously
reported (3) from Uxmal, Yucatan.
33. PUCCINIA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Barth.-On Paspalum sp.,
Cohune Ridge, July 11 (3799); Camp Six, July 18 (3863). A com-
mon rust in the warmer parts of the Americas.
34. PUCCINIA TUBULOSA Arth.-On Paspalum conjugatum
Bergius, San Agustin, July 29 (4006); Vaquero, Aug. 10 (4110);
on Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Vaquero, Aug. 10 (4109). This
species has been reported from Central America and from the
warmer parts of North and South America.
35. PUCCINIA URBANIANA P. Henn.-On Cornutia latifolia
(H.B.K.) Moldenke, Maskall, Aug. 29, 1936, Hugh O'Neill
(8747A); on Stachytapheta sp., Cohune Ridge, July 9 (3779).
This species has been reported from southern Florida, West
Indies, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and South America.
36. PUCCINIOSIRA PALLIDULA (Speg.) Lagerh.-On Triumfetta
sp., Cohune Ridge, July 11 (3806, 3807); Chalillo Crossing, July
16 (3855); Macaw Bank, July 23 (3909); San Antonio, Aug. 15
(4138). This interesting species has been reported from the West
Indies, southern Mexico, Salvador, and South America.
EDWIN B. MAINS
37. UROMYCES APPENDICULATUS Fr.-On Phaseolus gracilis
Poepp., San Agustin, Aug. 7 (4088).
38. UROMYCES COLUMBIANUS Mayor.-On Melanthera deltoidea
Michx. El Cayo, July 16 (3507). This rust has been reported from
the West Indies, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Salvador, and South
America.
39. UROMYCES COBTARICENSIS Syd.-On Lasiacis sp., Cohune
Ridge, July 10 (3788). This species has been reported from the
West Indies, Costa Rica, and South America.
40. UROMYCES MAJOR Arth.-On Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.
Br., San Agustin, Aug. 2 (4125). This rust has been reported
from the West Indies, southern Texas, Mexico (state), Panama,
and northern South America.
41. UROMYCES OAXACANUS Diet. & Holw,-On Jatropha
tubulosa Muell. Arg., El Cayo, June 17 (3532). This rust has been
reported from Oaxaca, Mexico, and Guatemala.
42. UROMYCES PROEMINENS (DC.) Pass.-On Euphorbia sp.,
Duck Run, June 15 (3503). This is a widespread rust of Eu-
phorbia.
43. UROMYCES SEPULTUS Mains.-On Setaria tenax (L. Rich.)
Desv., San Agustin, Aug. 2 (4029). This species has been reported
from Yucatan, Mexico, and Brazil.
44. UROMYCES YURIMAGUASENSIS P. Henn.-On Clitoria gui-
anensis (Aubl.) Benth., San Agustin, July 24 (3886). This species
has been reported from Panama and South America.
45. Aecidium belizense Mains, sp. nov.-Pycniis hypophyllis,
globosis, 120-140pu; aeciis hypophyllis, aggregatis, cylindriceis;
aeciosporis globosis vel late ellipsoideis, 14-19X16-20%, mem-
branis hyalinis, tenuibus, 0.5-1.0p, minutissime verruculosis.
Pycnia hypophyllous, globoid, 120-140/. Aecia hypophyllous,
grouped, cylindric, the peridial cells rhomboidal, 15-20 X 28-35p,
with the outer walls 5-7p, the inner 3-5p, coarsely verrucose;
aeciospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid, 14-19 X16-20%, the
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
walls hyaline, thin, 0.5-1.0O, very finely verruculose.-On
Ipomoea sp., Macaw Bank, July 22 (3905 type).
There are several species of Puccinia on Ipomoea for which the
primary aecia are unknown. Although some of the aecia of this
collection are evidently old other stages are observed indicating
that this may be the aecial stage of a heteroecious rust or it may
possibly be an Endophyllum.
46. Aecidium collapsum Mains, sp. nov.-Aeciis sparsis, cy-
lindriceis, cellulis peridii collapsis; aeciosporis ellipsoideis, 20-
26 X 26-35/, membranis hyalanis vel subbrunneis, 3-4, dense et
crasse tuberatis, sine pycniis.
Pycnia lacking. Aecia scattered, cylindric, the peridial cells
collapsed, 26-40X40-60p in face view, finely verrucose-rugose;
acciospores ellipsoid, 20-26 X 26-35p, the walls colorless or
brownish, 3--4y, closely and coarsely tuberculate.-On Wedelia
parviceps Blake, San Agustin, July 24 (3888 type).
47. AECIDIUM DALECHAMPIICOLA P. Henn.-On Dalechampia
Schippii Standl., Vaquero, Aug. 9 (4100). This species has been
reported from Brazil and Venezuela.
48. AECIDIUM FARAMEAE Arth.-On Faramea occidentalis (L.)
Rich., Arenal, June 21, 1936, by C. L. Lundell (6178A). This
species has been reported from Cuba and the Dominican Re-
public.
49. Aecidium Sebastianiae Mains, sp. nov.-Pycniis hypo-
phyllis, aggregatis, globosis; aeciis hypophyllis, breve cylindri-
ceis, aeciosporis angulare ellipsoideis, 24-34X36-56p, membranis
1.5-2.0p, usque 10 supra, subbrunneis, verrucoso-rugosis.
Pycnia hypophyllous, grouped, globoid. Aecia hypophyllous,
short cylindric, the peridial cells 20-30X40-50p in face view;
aeciospores angularly ellipsoid, 24-34X36-56p, the walls 1.5-
2.0p, up to 10p above, brownish, verrucose-rugose.-On Sebasti-
ania Standleyana Lundell, Valentin, June 24 (3592); Cohune
Ridge, July 9 (3780 type); San Agustin, Aug. 4 (4062). Collection
3780 was closely associated with collection 3781 of Puccinia
belizensis on Olyra latifolia.
EDWIN B. MAINS
50. AECIDIUM TOURNEFORTIAE P. Henn.-On Tournefortia sp.,
Benque Viejo, June 17 (3525). This species has been reported
from the West Indies, Panama, and South America.
51. Uredo detecta Mains, sp. nov.-Urediniis amphigenis,
0.3-0.5 mm., pallide brunneis, pulverulentis; paraphysibus ad
marginem, ramosis, imbricatis, fusiformibus 1-2-septatis, 6-8
X42-60u, membranis hyalinis vel cinnamoncis, acquabiliter
tenuibus, 1.5m; urediniosporis ellipsoideis vel obovoideis, 12-
14 X 14-20p, membranis eximic tenuibus 0.5-1u, hyalinis, minute
echinulatis, poris inconspicuis.
Uredinia amphigenous, 0.3-0.5 mm. light brown, pulverulent,
the paraphyses marginal, branched, imbricated, fusiform, 1-2-
septate, 6-8X42-60u, the walls hyaline or cinnamon-brown,
uniformly thin, 1.5u; urediniosporis ellipsoid or obovoid, 12-14
X 14-20p, the walls exceedingly thin 0.5-1.0p, hyaline, finely
echinulate, the pores obscure.-On Arrabidaea floribunda
(H.B.K.) Loes., Retiro, June 30 (3699 type).
This rust resembles Cerotelium Holwayi to some extent. How-
ever, the latter has thick-walled paraphyses, and the uredinio-
spores are larger and with the walls thickened. Uredo Arrabidaeae
has urediniospores 14-20X18-26p, with the walls thickened at
the apices 2-6p and with 6-8 scattered pores.
52. UREDO FUIRENAE P. Henn.-On Fuirena umbellata Rottb.,
Maskall Pine Ridge, Feb. 15, 1934, Percy H. Gentle (1169A).
Arthur has placed this questionably in the genus Puccinia under
the name Puccinia (?) fuirenicola Arth. Only uredinia are known,
and it seems best to treat it as a species of Uredo. It has been
reported from the West Indies and South America. It is also
known from the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.
53. UREDO GEOPHILICOLA P. Henn.-On Geophila herbacea
(Jacq.) Schum., Valentin, July 5 (3744). This rust develops from
a more or less systematic mycelium. It apparently has been re-
ported previously only from Peru.
54. UREDO GUACAE Mayor.-On Epidendrum sp., San Agustin,
Aug. 3 (4043). This species has been reported from the West
Indies and Colombia.
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
55. UREDO RUBESCENS Arth.-On Dorstenia Contrajerva L.,
El Cayo, July 17 (3536); also March 5-13, 1931, H. H. Bartlett
(11984A). This species has been reported from the West Indies,
Guatemala, Salvador, and South America.
56. Uredo Trigoniae Mains, sp. nov.-Pycniis amphigenis,
aggregatis, late conoideis, 60-100p, subcuticularibus; urediniis
amphigenis, pulverulentis; urediniosporis late ellipsoideis, 18-26
X26-30/, membranis subbrunneis vel hyalinis, 1.5j, conspicue
echinulatis, sine pedicellis.
Pycnia amphigenous, grouped, broadly conical, 60-1001, sub-
cuticular. Uredinia amphigenous, deep seated in the tissue,
covered by the overarching epidermis except for an irregular
opening, pulverulent; urediniospores broadly ellipsoid, 18-26
X26-30, the walls brownish or hyaline, 1.5p, prominently
echinulate with echinulation's up to 2.5p long and somewhat
deciduous leaving smooth areas, without pedicels.-On Trigonia
floribunda Oerst., Retiro, June 30 (3703 type).
57. Uredo Xyridis M1\ains, sp. nov.-Urediniis amphigenis, spar-
sis, minutes, 0.2 mm.; urediniosporis obovoideis vel ellipsoideis,
14-18X 19-24p, membranis hyalinis, lp, dense et minute echinu-
latis, poris inconspicuis.
Uredinia amphigenous, scattered, small, 0.2 mm., long covered
by the overarching epidermis which opens by a small pore or slit;
urediniospores obovoid or ellipsoid, 14-18 X 19-24p, the wall
colorless, lu, closely and finely echinulate, the pores inconspicu-
ous.-On Xyris sp., Vaquero, Aug. 10 (4106 type). Apparently
under the epidermis there is a layer of very thin-walled narrow
hyphae which soon collapse.
58. Uredo Yucatanensis Mains, sp. nov.-Urediniis amphigenis
pulverulentis; paraphysibus cylindriceis vel clavatis, 8-10X30-
45'p, membranis tenuibus, lu, hyalinis vel subbrunneis; uredinio-
sporis ellipsoideis vel obovoideis, 15-20X19-241, membranis
hyalinis, 2p, echinulatis, poris inconspicuis.
Uredinia amphigenous, pulverulent, partly covered by the
overarching epidermis; paraphyses marginal, cylindric or clavate,
8-10X30-45p, the walls thin, l1, colorless or brownish; uredinio-
EDWIN B. MAINS
spores ellipsoid or obovoid, 15-20 X 19-24A, the walls 2p, moder-
ately echinulate, the pores inconspicuous.-On Mimosa albida
Humb. & Bonpl., San Agustin, July 24 (3889 type).
HOST INDEX
Abutilon hirtum
Puccinia heterospora, 22.
Arrabidaea floribunda
Uredo detect, 51.
Banisteria laurifolia
Puccinia barbatula, 13.
Borreria sp.
Puccinia lateritia, 25.
Calea sp.
Puccinia Caleae, 15.
Cardiospermum grandiflorum
Puccinia Arechavaletae, 12.
Clitoria guianensis
Uromyces yurimagunsensis, 44.
Cordia alliodora
Puccinia ciliata, 16.
Cordia ferruginea
Aveolaria Cordiae, 1.
Cornutia latifolia
Puccinia Urbaniana, 35.
Crusea calocephala
Puccinia lateritia, 25.
Dalechampia Schippii
Aecidium daleschampiicola, 47.
Dorstenia Contrajerva
Uredo rubescens, 55.
Elephantopus mollis
Coleosporium Elephantopodis,
5.
Epidendrum sp.
Uredo Guacae, 54.
Eupatorium Oerstedianum
Coleosporium Eupatorii, 6.
Eupatorium op.
Cionothrix praelonga, 4.
Puccinia Conoclini, 17.
Euphorbia sp.
Uromyces proeminens, 42.
Faramea occidentalis
Aecidium Farameae, 48.
Fuirena umbellata
Uredo Fuirenae, 52.
Geophila herbaces
Uredo geophilicola, 53.
Gouania polygama
Puccinia Gouaniae, 20.
Heliotropium sp.
Puccinia Heliotropii, 21.
Hemidiodia sp.
Puccinia lateritia, 25.
Ichnanthus tenuis
Puccinia inclita, 23.
Ipomoea triloba
Puccinia crassipes, 18.
Ipomoea op.
Aecidium belizense, 45.
Coleosporium Ipomoeae, 7.
Jacquemontia azurea
Coleosporium Ipomoeae, 7.
Jatropha tubulosa
Uromyces oaxacanus, 41.
Lantana sp.
Puccinia Lantanae, 24.
Lasiacis sp.
Uromyces coataricensis, 30.
Liabum dimidium
Coleosporium paraphysatum,
8.
Liabum subglandulare
Coleosporium paraphysatum,
8.
Melanthera deltoidea
Uromyces columbianus, 38.
Mimosa albida
Uredo yucatanensis, 58.
Notoptera scabridula
Puccinia oblata, 27.
Olyra latifolia
Puccinia belizensis, 14.
Orthopappus angustifolius
Coleosporium Elephantopodis,
5.
Otopappus curviflorus
Puccinia oblata, 27.
RUSTS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
Palicourea triphylla
Puccinia Palicoureae, 29.
Panicum Sellowii
Puccinia levis, 26.
Paspalum conjugatum
Puccinia tubulosa, 34.
Paspalum Hartwegianum
Puccinia levis, 26.
Paspalum pilosum
Puccinia levis, 26.
Paspalum plicatulum
Puccinia tubulosa, 34.
Paspalum sp.
Puccinia substriata, 33.
Phaseolus gracilis
Uromyces appendiculatus, 37.
Pithecolobium Recordii
Chaconia alutacea, 3.
Pseudelephantopus spicatus
Puccinia paupercula, 30.
Pseudelephantopus sp.
Coleosporium Elephantopodis,
5.
Quercus sp.
Cronartium Quercus, 10.
Sebastiania Standleyana
Aecidium Sebastianiae, 49.
Setaria tenax
Uromyces sepultus, 43.
Spigelia sp.
Coleosporium Spigeliae, 9.
Sporobolus indicus
Uromyces major, 40.
Stachytarpheta sp.
Puccinia Urbaniana, 35.
Thrasya campylostachya
Puccinia levis, 26.
Tournefortia sp.
Aecidium Tournefortiae, 50.
Trigonia floribunda
Uredo Trigoniae, 56.
Tripsacum latifolium
Angiopsora pallescens, 2.
Puccinia polysora, 31.
Triumfetta sp.
Pucciniosira pallidula, 36.
Vernonia tortuosa
Puccinia erratic, 19.
Vincetoxicum sp.
Puccinia obliqua, 28.
Wedelia parviceps
Aecidium collapsum, 46.
Xylopia frutescens
Dasyspora gregaria, 11.
Xyris sp.
Uredo Xyridis, 57.
Zea Mays
Puccinia Sorghi, 32.
LITERATURE CITED
1. HOLWAY, E. W. D. 1901. Mexican Fungi. III. Bot. Gaz., 31: 326-38.
2. MAGNUS, P. 1902. Ueber eine Function der Paraphysen von Uredo-
lagern, nebst einem Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattungen Coleo-
sporium. Ber. Deutsche Bot. Gesell., 20: 334-39.
3. MAINS, E. B. 1935. Rusts and Smuts from the Yucatan Peninsula.
Botany of the Maya Area. Misc. Papers. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Publ., 461: 95-106.
4. 1938. Two Unusual Rusts of Grasses. Mycologia, 30: 42-45.
NOTES ON AGARICS FROM BRITISH
HONDURAS
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
T HESE notes are based on a collection of agarics from British
Honduras which was made by E. B. Mains during the summer
of 1936. The collection consists of twenty-seven numbers.
Twenty-three species distributed in twelve genera are recogniz-
able. Specific names have been given to only six species, one of
which, Mycena hondurensis, is described as new. Mycena tenerrima
(Berk.) Qu6l is represented by four collections, Schizophyllum
radiatum (Swartz) Fr. by two, Mycena hondurensis, Marasmius
Bertoroi (Lev.) Murr., Marasmius polyporoides Murr., and Stro-
pharia tenuis Murr. by one collection each. The genus Marasmius
is represented by six species, Mycena by four and Clitocybe,
Amanita, Heliomyces, Laccaria, Lentinus, Peathyra, Panus, Hy-
grophorus, Pleurotus, and Tricholoma by one species each. Because
of the present lack of information on the microscopic characters
of the species of agarics described from the tropics, it is impossible
to determine the identity of many of the collections. The deter-
minations cited above were made as a result of a study of speci-
mens of tropical agarics which are deposited in the Herbarium
of the New York Botanical Gardens, New York City. As a part
of the study I had occasion to examine much of the material
described from tropical North America by Murrill, and it seems
pertinent to include in this paper microscopic data on certain
species which were first collected in British Honduras. The col-
lections were made by Morton E. Peck, and the species described
by W. A. Murrill.
MARASMIUB BERTEROI (Lev.) Murr.-On rotten wood, Valen-
tin, El Cayo District, June 28, 1936 (3660). The specimens of
this collection compare very favorably with material under this
name at the New York Botanical Gardens. Murrill reported it as
occurring throughout most of tropical North America. The pileus
is corticated by a compact palisade of clavate-pedicellate cells
the apices of which are set with numerous brown-walled pointed
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
projections. The trama of both gills and pileus becomes reddish
in iodine, but the hymenium and spores become pale yellow.
The spores are 12-16X2.5-3tt, smooth, obtuse at one end, and
taper gradually to a point. Very few were present.
MARASMIUS POLYPOROIDES Murr. (PI. I, Figs. 5, 6, and 8).-
On rotting leaves, Valentin, El Cayo District, June 26, 1936
(3628). The specimens are macroscopically and microscopically
identical with the type. The pileus is corticated by a band of
clavate contorted cells with coarse pointed projections over their
apices. The walls of the projections are pale brown and form a
compact brown surface layer which all but obscures the hyaline
clavate portion of the cells which bear them. This same type of
cell is present along the edges of the gills and reticulations and is
occasionally present on the sides as pleurocystidia. No pleuro-
cystidia other than these were seen. The basidia of the type are
immature and more or less pointed at the apex, thus somewhat
resembling small fusoid ventricose cystidia. In the collection of
E. B. Mains the basidia are two- or four-spored. No spores were
found in mounts from the type, but in the more mature individ-
uals of collection 3628 they were present. They measure 10-12
X4-5.5p. Numerous thick-walled contorted hyphae are present
in the pileus and gill trama. When treated with iodine these
become dark reddish brown. In KOH they are hyaline or faintly
yellowish, but not refractive as in typical lactifers. The hy-
menium becomes yellow in iodine.
Mycena hondurensis, sp. nov. (Pl. I, Figs. 1 and 2).-Caespi-
tosa; pileus 1-2 cm. latus, convexus demum depressus, glaber,
viscidus, sordide brunneo-griscus, striatus; lamellae angustae,
adnatae, subdistantes, pallidae; stipes 3-4 cm. longus, 1.5-2.5
mm. crassus, deorsum griscus, sursum pallidus, viscidus; sporae
3.5-4X2.5-3p, levae; pleurocystidia et cheilocystidia 35-50X8-
15lA. Specimen typicum legit E. B. Mains n. 3822, Cohune Ridge,
El Cayo, British Honduras, July 12, 1936, in Herb. Univ. of
Mich. conservatum.
Pileus 1-2 cm. broad, convex to nearly plane in age, the disk
broadly depressed, glabrous, viscid, striate on the margin or
AGARICS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
nearly to the disk, pale brownish gray, the margin somewhat
paler, margin connivent with the stipe or slightly incurved at
first; flesh thin, membranous, pliant, and rather tough; lamellae
narrow, bluntly adnate, subdistant to close, pallid grayish brown
to whitish, edge not differently colored; stipe 2-4 cm. long, 1.5-
2.5 mm. thick, equal or slightly enlarged below, glabrous or the
apex faintly powdered, glutinous, tough, hollow, pale brownish
gray below, paler above; spores 3.5-4.5 X2.5-3j, smooth, ovoid,
bluish gray in iodine; pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia similar,
35-50 X8-14g, fusoid-ventricose with a long contorted pedicel,
smooth, hyaline in KOH; pileus trama with a thick layer of
gelatinous hyphae over the surface, the hyphae 1.5-2A in diam-
eter and with numerous clamp connections, the central portion
of floccose tissue with cells of the hyphae 8-10 in diameter, the
subhymenium made up of gelatinous narrow hyphae; gill trama
with a central strand of floccose tissue flanked on either side by
the gelatinous subhymenium; basidia 13-17 X 5-6m, four-spored.
Densely cespitose on rotten logs, El Cayo District, British
Honduras, E. B. Mains (3822 type) July 12, 1936. This species is
close to Mycena euspeirea (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc (Pl. I, Figs. 3
and 4). I have examined specimens of the latter at the New York
Botanical Gardens which were collected by Earle (No. 419) in
Cuba. The points of similarity between the two are as follows:
Both have a thick layer of gelatinous hyphae over the pileus
and stipe, both are cespitose, have small spores which become
bluish gray in iodine, and have similar cystidia. They differ,
however, in their gill characters. The gills of M. euspeirea are
very broad and broadly adnate-decurrent. Those of M. hon-
durensis are narrow, bluntly adnate, and broader in the middle
than at the point of attachment. The appearance of the dried
specimens is very different. M. euspeirea is pallid to whitish,
whereas fruit bodies of M. hondurensis are dark gray. When
revived for sectioning the pilei of M. euspeirea are very fragile
and gelatinous, the sections readily going to pieces in mounts
of KOH. Those of M. hondurensis, however, revive well, are
rather tenacious, and the sections remain firm in KOH. Cystidia
are very abundant in the latter and rare in the former.
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
STROPHARIA TENUIS Murr.-On a rotten log, Valentin, El Cayo
District, British Honduras. June 28, 1936 (3665). The spores of
the type measure 6-8.5X4.5-5.5p, and are dull grayish brown
tinder the microscope. The cheilocystidia measure 25-38X10-
18p, are hyaline and broadly clavate when young. At maturity
they are obtusely fusoid-ventricose and smooth. The spores in
collection 3665 measure 5.5-6.5X4-4.5p. The specimens were
all young, however, and the presence of abundant immature
spores strongly indicates that the discrepancy in size is not
taxonomically significant. No pleurocystidia were seen on either
the type or on the material gathered by Mains. The pileus trama
is covered by a layer of isodiametric enlarged cells with occasional
pear-shaped cells scattered through it. The species is thus prop-
erly referred to the section Sphintrigerae. The stipes of Mains's
specimens have dried darker than those of the type. Apparently
this species has been known previously only from the type
locality at New Orleans, Louisiana.
HELIOMYCES ANGUSTIFOLIUS Murr. (Pl. I, Figs. 7 and 9).-
The pileus trama is homogeneous, compact, and cartilaginous but
not gelatinous or even translucent when mounted in KOH. The
fruit bodies revive well and are very pliant. Scattered hyphal
tips project from the pileus but no well differentiated cells were
seen. The gill trama is compact and floccose. Refractive hyphae
resembling lactifers are present in both the pileus and gill tramas,
and both are yellowish brown in iodine. No cystidia are differ-
entiated. The basidia measure 26-30 X5-7p and taper toward the
apex. No individuals with sterigmata were seen. The spores were
not abundant and were not seen attached. They measure 6-8
X3-3.5p, are smooth, yellowish in iodine, and hyaline in KOH.
HELIOMYCES HONDURENSIS Murr. (PI. I, Figs. 10 and 11).-
The pileus trama is homogeneous and not gelatinous or translu-
cent when mounted in KOH. The gill trama, pileus trama, and
hymenium all turn yellowish brown in iodine. No basidia with
sterigmata were seen. All of the well-formed cells in the hymenium
possessed rather tapering apices, and they thus resembled cystidia
somewhat in shape. They were all filled with protoplasm, how-
ever, and it is likely that they represent immature basidia. The
AGARICS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
cells on the gill edges were the same as those on the sides. Spores
were found in the mount on the hymenium but were not attached
to sterigmata. They measure 5.5-7X3-3.5 and are yellowish
in iodine.
HELIOMYCES MULTIFOLIUS Murr.-The fruit-bodies revive
well. The pileus and gill tramas are homogeneous, rather com-
pact, yellowish in iodine, and fairly translucent in KOH. No
differentiated cystidia are present and the basidia are four-
spored. The spores measure 5-6X3.5-4p, are hyaline, smooth,
and drop-shaped. In mounts they frequently remain suspended
in the fluid and appear globose. When treated with iodine they
become yellowish.
HELIOMYCES PECKII Murr. (PI. I, Figs. 12, 15-17).-The
pileus trama is homogeneous and not at all gelatinous in KOH.
Numerous fascicles of appressed thick-walled hyphae are present
over the surface. They originate from thin-walled cells of the
same diameter in the trama-body. Their walls are approximately
2p thick. The cells measure 6-7p, thick and 50-2001 or more long.
Clamp connections are present. The walls of these cells are
hyaline in KOH but dark brown in iodine. The trama of the
pileus and gills as well as the hymenium is yellowish to brownish
in iodine. The spores measure 9-12 X 5-6A, are yellowish in iodine
and smooth. The basidia measure 26-30 X7-9p, but no good
sterigmata were seen. The apices of the mature basidia collapse
and do not revive well. Cystidia-like cells are present on the sides
and edges of the lamellae but are scarcely differentiated from the
basidia. Some were found to measure 35p long and 10p wide and
to have somewhat tapering apices. These cells were invariably
filled with protoplasm, and it is doubtful if they represent true
cystidia.
Heliomyces rubritinctus Murr. has exactly the same stature,
the same thick-walled hyphae on the pileus, and the same spores
as H. Peckii. The reactions of all parts to iodine are also the same.
On the basis of the dried specimens, H. rubritinctus should be
placed in synonymy with H. Peckii. However, a study of fresh
specimens may establish certain color differences which are
constant.
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
HELIOMYCES STRIATUS Murr. (PI. II, Fig. 1).-The pileus
trama is homogeneous and subgelatinous or translucent in KOH.
The fruit bodies revive well. The gill trama is also translucent in
KOH. Both are compact and yellowish to brownish in iodine.
Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are not differentiated. The
basidia are four-spored. The spores measure 8-10X6-7.5p, are
smooth, yellowish in iodine, and hyaline in KOH. The spores
should aid materially in recognizing this species.
HELIOMYCES SUBSPODOIDES Murr. (PI. I, Figs. 13 and 14).-
The trama of the pileus is homogeneous, but a few hyphae 8-10U
in diameter with rounded apices project from the surface. When
mounted in KOH both the pileus and gill tramas are somewhat
translucent, and when treated with iodine both become pale wax
yellow. Pleurocystidia are rare, clavate, 32-40 X 10-12p, smooth,
and hyaline. The cheilocystidia are more numerous and vary
from fusoid-ventricose to clavate. They measure 30-40X8-12p.
The basidia measure 26-36 X8-10p. No sterigmata were seen, and
spores were not found.
HELIOMYCES TERRESTRIS Murr. (Pl. II, Figs. 2 and 3).-The
fruit bodies are soft and fleshy and not at all typical of the genus.
No reliable sections of the pileus trama could be obtained, but it
apparently is homogeneous. The trama of both the pileus and
the lamellae is floccose and faintly yellowish in iodine. The dried
specimens have the stature and appearance of Heliomyces Peckii
but differ greatly in consistency. The basidia measure 35-40
X 10-161A and are four-spored. No differentiated cystidia are
present on the sides or edges of the gills. The spores are globoid
in outline, quadrate-angular, and measure 10-12(14)i. When
mounted in KOH they appear hyaline. In iodine they become
yellowish, and oil droplets are abundant. The large basidia and
quadrate-angular spores immediately suggest a pink-spored
agaric. Spores of various species of Entoloma which also have
quadrate-angular spores were compared in KOH mounts and
were darker with a definitely discernible flesh-colored tint. On
the basis of this comparison it does not seem wise to transfer
this species from Heliomyces until the color of its spore deposit
is known.
AGARICS FROM BRITISH HONDURAS
HELIOMYCES TRANSLUCENS Murr.-This is an exceptionally
thin membranous agaric. The dried specimens in the type appear
as if made of parchment. The pileus and gill tramas are homo-
geneous, compact, yellowish in iodine, and not exceptionally
translucent when mounted in KOH. The fruit bodies revive well.
No cystidia are differentiated and the basidia are four-spored.
The spores are 5-6X3p, cylindric to ellipsoid, yellowish in iodine,
and smooth. Many had begun to germinate at the time the
specimen was dried.
MARASMIUS HONDURENSIS Murr. (Pl. II, Figs. 4 and 5).-The
pileus trama is homogeneous and yellowish in iodine. A few un-
differentiated hyphal cells were found which projected, and very
likely caused the hispidd" character mentioned in Murrill's
description. The gill trama is compact, yellowish in iodine, and
floccose. The basidia are four-spored. Scattered fusoid-ventricose
pleurocystidia were found which measured 18-22X7-10 and
were practically imbedded in the hymenium. The spores measure
6-8X3.5-4/ and are smooth and yellowish in iodine. Not many
were found, and the indications are that those measured were
immature.
MARASMIUS PECKII Murr.-The pileus is corticated by clavate
cells with the apices covered by coarse brown-walled echinula-
tions. Both the pileus and gill trama become yellowish brown in
iodine. Pleurocystidia are not differentiated. The cheilocystidia
are rare to abundant, and clavate with coarsely echinulate apices.
In general they resemble the cells covering the surface of the
pileus. The basidia measure 14-18X6-8-p, but sterigmata were
not seen. Spores were rare and were not seen attached. Those
found measured 5-6X4-5m, were broadly ovoid to subglobose,
and yellowish in iodine.
MARASMIUS SUBTENERRIMUS Murr. (Pl. II, Figs. 9, 10, 12, and
13).-The pileus trama is corticated by a band of hyaline clavate
cells 10-12 X 6-8p, which have thin finger-like projections scattered
over their apices. The projections have hyaline walls, and in this
respect differ from the usual brown-walled type. The trama of
both the pileus and gills is yellowish brown in iodine. The cheilo-
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
cystidia are fusoid-ventricose, 25-34 X 8-10, and smooth. Pleu-
rocystidia are similar but very rare. The basidia measure 16-18
X7-9p. Sterigmata were not seen. The spores measure 5-6X3-
3.5p and are hyaline in KOH and yellowish in iodine. When
mounted in the medium containing iodine and viewed with an oil
immersion lens they appear very finely echinulate. As observed
in KOH under lower magnifications they appeared smooth.These
spores were not seen attached to sterigmata, but the manner in
which they were distributed over the hymenium indicates that
they belong to the species.
PLUTEUS SPINULOSUS Murr. (Pl. II, Figs. 6-8, and 11).-The
pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are similar and very abundant.
Those on or near the edge measure 50-60X9-144p. Those farther
back are 65-90 X 10-20p. Their apices are sharply acuminate and
bear scattered pointed projections over the tapered portion.
Refractive hyphae resembling lactifers are present in the trama
of the gills and pileus. A thin pellicle is present over the cap. The
basidia are four-spored, and the spores measure 6-8X6-7.5p.
In KOH mounts the latter appear pale flesh color.
PLATE I
Flo. 1. Three pleurocystidia of Mycena hondurensis. X750.
FIG. 2. Six spores of Mycena hondurensis. X1650.
FIG. 3. Two pleurocystidia of Mycena euspeirea. X750.
FiG. 4. Five spores of Mycena euspeirea. X 1650.
FIG. 5. Three spores of Marasmius polyporoides. X 1650.
FIGB. 6 and 8. Thick-walled hyphae found in the trama of the pileus and
gills of Marasmius polyporoides. X750.
FIG. 7. A refractive hypha from the gill trama of Heliomyces angusti-
folius. X750.
FIG. 9. Five spores of Heliomyces angustifolius. X 1650.
FIG. 10. Two basidia (?) of Heliomyces Peckii. X1650.
FIG. 11. Five spores of Heliomyces hondurensis. X1650.
FIG. 12. Two basidia (?) of Heliomyces Peckii. X 1650.
Fia. 13. Three basidia and one pleurocystidium of Heliomyces subspo-
doides. X750.
FIG. 14. Two cheilocystidia of Heliomyces subspodoides. X750.
FIG. 15. Three spores of Heliomyces Peckii. X1650.
FIG. 16. Two hyphae from the pileus surface of Heliomyces Peckii. X250.
FIG. 17. Two cheilocystidia of Heliomyces Peckii. X1650.
PLATE 1
6oc)
17
SMITH
ALEXANDER H. SMITH
PLATE II
FIG. 1. Five spores of JIeliomyces striatus. X1650.
FIG. 2. Four spores of Heliomyces terrestris. X1650.
FIG. 3. A basidium of Heliomyces terrestris. X1650.
FIG. 4. A basidium and cheilocystidium of Maiaemius hondurensis.
X750.
FiG. 5. Four spores of Marasmius hondurensis. X1650.
FIG. 6. Two large pleurocystidia of Pluteus spinulosus. X750.
FIG. 7. Two cheilocystidia of Pluteus spinulosus. X750,
FIG. 8. Five spores of Pluteus spinulosus. X 1650.
FIG. 9. A pleurocystidium of Marasmius subtenerrimus. X750.
FiG. 10. Immature basidia of Marasmius subtenerrimus. X750.
FiG. 11. Two refractive hyphae of Pluteus spinulosus. X750.
FIG. 12. Five spores of Marasmius subtenerrimus. X1650.
FIG. 13. Two eheilocystidia of Marasmius subtenerrimus. X750.
SMITH
G YQ
QC~o(~
PLATE 11
0
r,.)
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY
OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM
No. Husts from British Honduras, by Edwin B. Mains.
Notes on Agarics from British Honduras, by Alexander H.
Smith. 28 pp., 2 pls. Price, $.25.
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