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The
FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
Volume 48, No. 2 June, 1965
CONTENTS
Page
STRAYER, JOHN R.-Effect of Radiophosphorus (P32) on
Light Response of Aedes aegypti (L.) Larvae................ 81
WOLFENBARGER, D. O.-Wireworm Control Experiments on
Potatoes and Corn in South Florida............ ...--........... -85
DENMARK, H. A.-Four New Phytoseiidae (Acari:
Mesostigmata) from Florida -... --............................ .. -. 89
ROBINSON, F. A.-Florida's 1964 Citrus Honey Crop -.......... 97
WOLFENBARGER, DAN A.-Insecticides and Insecticide-Oil
Combinations for Corn Earworm, Boll Weevil, and
Cowpea Curculio Control---- ---._~---.......----...--............. 101
MOCKFORD, EDWARD L.-Notes on Some Species of Ectopso-
cinae in the Western Hemisphere (Psocoptera: Peripso-
cidae) ..-......---..----- --..................------ 111
EMERSON, K. C., AND C. J. STOJANOVICH-A New Species of
Kelerimenopon (Menoponidae, Mallophaga) from the
Philippine Islands ......---- ...----- -----...... ------................. .......-.. 117
DE LEON-Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico with Descrip-
tions of New Species (Acarina: Mesostigmata) ..---...... 121
BORDERS, HUEY I.-Effect of Some Fungicide Mixtures on
Sod Webworms in South Florida Turfgrasses -----.......--... 133
Membership List of the Florida Entomological Society....... 135
Suggestions for Preparation of Manuscripts for The Florida
Entomologist ..-----------.--.-------------------.......... 145
Published by The Florida Entomological Society
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EFFECT OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS (P32)
ON LIGHT RESPONSE OF AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) LARVAE
JOHN R. STRAYER
Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville
Radioisotopes have been used with great success in tracing particular
elements. The need for effective markers in ecological studies has led to
the use of radioactive materials as markers of individual animals in dis-
persal studies, measurement of population densities, and behavior exam-
inations. Tagging with radioisotopes rather than conventional pigments
and dyes has definite advantages. Pigments may rub off, fade, or be elim-
inated during molting. Examination of large groups of insects for spe-
cially colored individuals can be a tedious task. Radioisotopes administered
internally either by feeding or injection provide an internal tag that will
not rub off and that permits rapid counting of large populations.
There are several disadvantages to the use of radioisotopes. Toxicity
to individuals can be a problem if a high level of radiation is present since
it will not only reduce the number of labelled insects but also cause errors
in interpretation of results. Another possible disadvantage is change in
behavior of the labelled insect contrasted with the unlabelled one.
The recent monograph by O'Brien and Wolfe (1964) includes the most
comprehensive review of work utilizing radioisotopes in entomology.
Studies on foraging intensity of honey bees by Lee (1965) utilized P3
and I1'. A dose of 1 me of P" per colony (1 mc/2 quart solution) pro-
duced a significant effect on distribution of foragers from the hive. An
effect was also shown with a 1.5 me dose of I"'. Hassett and Jenkins (1949)
reared larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) in water containing 1 pc P"/ml and
produced adults having counts up to 10,000 per minute. Third and fourth
instars were successfully tagged, younger larvae were too sensitive, and
pupae absorbed too little phosphorus. The effects of tagging with P3"
were studied by comparing stage, age, and P32 concentrations. Since con-
centrations of P32 greater than 1 fc/ml were harmful from the standpoint
of life history, it was hypothesized that higher concentrations also affected
behavior.
Although careful studies of life cycles, longevity, and reproduction have
been made, there appear to be no significant reports on behavior of tagged
mosquitoes. The purpose of this study was to determine if varying levels
of radiophosphorus (P32) had any effect on the light response of tagged
A. aegypti larvae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Aedes aegypti larvae were chosen because they are characteristically
negatively phototaxic. Prior to each of three replications, 400 mechanically
separated third instar larvae were obtained from the laboratory colony at
the USDA Laboratory for Insects Affecting Man and Animals, Gainesville,
Florida. One hundred larvae were manually separated into a 400 ml glass
beaker for each of the four treatments. Each beaker contained 250 ml. of
distilled water.
The four treatments were HIO, 0.1 uc P"/mI, 5 uc P"/ml, and 1 ml of
0.5 N HPOa. The desired amount of P2 (P-32-P-Processed, Carrier Free,
The Florida Entomologist
as POI in weak HC1, a 0.5 N solution) was calculated and added to two treat-
ments. The volumes added for the 0.1 uc/ml dosage were 25, 28, and 30
u liters. Those for the 5 Mc/ml dosage were 1250, 1370 and 1540 p liters.
Prior to each of the three replications, correction was made for radio-
decay. The P32 was produced and assayed by Union Carbide which operates
the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., under contract to
the Atomic Energy Commission. The larvae were kept in the radioactive
solution for 24 hours. At the end of this period they were transferred to
fresh water. Each group was fed about 25 mg of crushed dog food.
Fig. 1. Cylinder-funnel apparatus.
tion. B. Funnel plug in open position.
A. Funnel plug in closed posi-
For observing response to light, a cylinder equipped with a trap funnel
was used (Fig. 1). The cylinder and funnel were made of cellulose acetate
and were then mounted on a 6-inch plastic freezer dish. The cylinder was
18 inches deep and the bottom of the funnel was 12 inches from the top.
The funnel plug was a truncated cone of plastic, the top of which was ringed
with a 1/2-inch strip of sponge rubber to provide a good seal. The floating
plug was manipulated with a string through the drain plug.
At the beginning of the observation the cylinder, which was lighted
from below, was filled with water and the funnel was plugged. The larvae
were poured from a beaker into the top of the cylinder. All of the treat-
ments were tested in a random sequence. After the larvae quieted, the
funnel plug was floated up and the bottom light turned out. A pause of a
few seconds was allowed and the top light was turned on for 20 seconds.
The funnel was again plugged at the end of this timing. Fig. 1 shows the
plug positions during the test. Each treatment was conducted in a dark
laboratory with the investigator well away from the apparatus. Water
Vol. 48, No,. 2
Strayer: Effects of Radiophosphorus
and mosquitoes from the top of the apparatus were siphoned off. The drain
plug was pulled and the water and mosquitoes in the bottom of the appa-
ratus were collected. The larvae from the top and bottom were counted.
For counting of radioactivity, eight larvae were taken from the top and
bottom of each replication, placed in 2-inch aluminum planchets, and dried
under infra-red lamps. A Packard Scaler-Ratemeter, Model 150, with a
Nuclear Chicago Geiger-Mueller tube having a 1.4 mg/cm2 mica window
was used for counting. Counts were taken at one-half inch from the tube
surface.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data for the three replications are given in Table 1. The larvae,
top and bottom, from each of the treatments, were counted for radioactive
content to determine if there was any variation in the level at which they
had absorbed the isotope. The paired t test on these data showed no sig-
nificant difference between the radioactivities of the larvae in the top in
relation to those in the bottom. Also tested was the dosage variation in
tagging levels throughout the replications. No significant difference was
found.
TABLE 1.-LARVAE OBSERVED IN TOP AND BOTTOM FOR EACH REPLICATION.
Check HaPO, .1 gc/ml 5 gc/ml
Replication Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
1 30 70 22 78 41 59 67 33
2 29 71 27 73 47 53 65 35
3 30 70 29 71 43 57 69 31
Average 29.6 70.3 29.3 74 43.6 56.3 67 33
Comparison of the check in relation to the H3PO showed no signifi-
cant difference between these treatments.
For analysis with respect to light response the data were tested by a
chi-square with an orthogonal comparison of the treatments. The results
of this analysis are given in Table 2.
TABLE 2.-ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO VARIOUS LEVELS OF
RADIOPHOSPHORUS.
d.f. x2 P
Check vs. others 1 23.40 .001
H3PO4 vs. others 1 70.89 .001
0.1 gc/ml vs. 5 /c/ml 1 33.23 .001
This study indicates that a concentration of radiophosphorus .1 gc/ml
or greater, affects the light response of A. aegypti larvae. Since the effect
of phosphorus alone was considered as well as radiophosphorus, the radio-
84 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
activity must have caused the variation in response and not the phos-
phorus.
Since radioisotopes are being used so commonly as labelling tools, it is
important to understand that their use might alter behavioral patterns
and lead to unreliable information. A behavioral change in the larvae of
A. aegypti does not mean there would be a behavioral change in the adult,
but it does open the area to further study.
Tagging mosquitoes for the release-recapture method of population
sampling requires that the adults merely be radioactive enough to be de-
tected. This may allow use of concentrations of isotopes below the dele-
terious levels. Many tagging techniques require the use of very high
concentrations of radioactive material. For this reason, the reactions of
the specific insect to the chosen radioisotope should be thoroughly studied
with relation to behavior and life history prior to any organized research
use.
I am indebted to B. G. Dunavant, Assistant Director of Nuclear Sciences,
and Gordon Renshaw, Nuclear Technician, for permitting the use of the
radiation laboratory facilities and equipment. I also express my gratitude
to William Yearian for his suggestions and valuable statistical assistance.
LITERATURE CITED
Hassett, C. C., and D. W. Jenkins. 1949. Production of radioactive mos-
quitoes. Science 110: 109.
Lee, W. R. 1965. Relation of distance to foraging intensity of honey bees
(Apis mellifera) on natural food sources. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
58(1): 94-100.
.O'Brien, R. S., and L. S. Wolfe. 1964. Radiation, radioactivity, and in-
sects. (Amer. Inst. of Biol. Sci. and U. S. Atomic Energy Comm.
Monograph) Academic Press, New York. 211 p.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
WIREWORM CONTROL EXPERIMENTS ON POTATOES
AND CORN IN SOUTH FLORIDA
D. O. WOLFENBARGER2
Sub-Tropical Experiment Station, Homestead, Fla.
Wireworms became a very serious problem on potatoes in south Florida,
beginning about 1940 and they remained serious until the use of chlordane
began about 1949. Chlordane, aldrin, and heptachlor were used successfully
for about a decade on the species Melanotus communis Gyll. Now, however,
these insecticides are not as effective as in previous years. A Conoderus
sp., possibly C. falli Lane, is currently present in the shallower marl and
rockland soils, and may be spreading to the deeper soils. More complete
drainage of the area and a series of seasons with less than average rainfall
may have changed conditions to permit the Conoderus sp. to live and de-
velop in the deeper marl soils. Where Conoderus sp. is involved it is not
unexpected that a control problem exists since Reid and Cuthbert (1956)
and Norris (1957) reported the species was resistant to the chlorinated
hydrocarbons.
The Perrine marl soils which are used for potato production are very
finely divided calcareous particles, and range in depth from a few inches
to several feet. They overlie oolitic limestone and range in pH from about
7.8 to 8.3. Such high alkalinity may accelerate decomposition of many
otherwise effective insecticides.
PREVIOUS WORK
Experiments initiated in 1946-47 (Wolfenbarger, unpublished data) in-
dicated that 65 pounds of DDT per acre gave 50% reduction of wireworm
injuries. The soil fumigants D-D and EDB gave less than 60% control.
Benzene hexachloride offered promise of control but contaminated the
tubers. In 1947-48, chlordane and lindane were first tested; also, cleanly
cultivated plots, and plots planted to sesbania, velvet bean, buckwheat, and
sesbania mixed with velvet beans as cover crops gave measures of control.
Chlordane and aldrin (the latter first used in 1948-49), however, gave the
most effective results. Preplanting soil treatments were more effective
than post-harvest (spring) applications. It was found that although fer-
tilizer-insecticide combinations were effective, broadcast methods were more
effective. These recommendations were practiced by growers who reported
few or no wireworm injuries until 1961. In 1962, 1963, and 1964, wireworm
injuries again reduced the grade of some lots of potatoes.
Some differences are recognized in control of wireworms affecting corn
and potatoes. Wireworms begin feeding on sprouted corn, and within a
few days to a month after planting have killed or damaged the plants.
Although wireworms damage sprouting potatoes and feed on the seed-
pieces, the most damaging part of the feeding is on the new potatoes. Such
feeding is done on developing tubers and extends until harvest. Control
1Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 1927.
2 Grateful acknowledgement is made to Edith W. Strohm for much as-
sistance in this work.
86 T7
TABLE 1.-EFFECTS OF
ie Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
INSECTICIDAL TREATMENTS ON WIREWORM INJURY
TO POTATOES, 1963-1964.
Formula-
tion
Material Ibs./A
Phorate, 10G*
Geigy GS-13005, 5G
Di-Syston, 10G
Bayer 37289, 10G
Aldrin, 5G
Phorate, 10G
Heptachlor, 10G
Diazinon, 10G
Chlordane, 40G
Kepone, 2% on cornmeal
R-2788, 4E
Parathion, 10G
N-2790, 4E
Check
30
60
20
30
80
20
40
20
121
150
1 qt.
20
1 qt.
Method of
application
With tubers
In row
In row
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
In row
Broadcast
Broadcast
Drench
In row
Drench
at planting*
Results were obtained from four samples obtained from grower-treated areas near the
test plots.
** Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level
according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
TABLE 2.-WIREWORM CONTROL MEASURED IN TERMS OF
LIVING CORN PLANTS.
Formula- No.
tion Method of plants/100
Material lbs./A application feet of row
Phorate, 10G 20 In row 134.8 a
Kepone, 2G 100 Broadcast 123.3 a
Geigy GS-13005, 5G 40 In row 122.3 ab
Di-Syston, 10G 20 In row 119.0 ab
Di-Syston, 6E 2 qts. Drench, over row 118.0 ab
Bayer 38156, 10G 20 In row 115.8 ab
Diazinon, 10G 20 In row 112.5 ab
Shell SD 8530, 5G 50 In row 110.3 ab
Phorate, 10G 10 In row 110.3 ab
Stauffer N-2790, 10G 20 In row 107.5 ab
Stauffer N-2788, 4E 2 qts. Drench 105.3 ab
Stauffer N-2790, 4E 2 qts. Drench 99.5 ab
Diazinon, 4E 2 qts. Drench 99.0 ab
Bayer 37289, 10G 30 In row 87.5 ab
Check 73.5 b
Injured
tubers, %
5.1
36.5
60.9
61.3
63.9
65.1
66.0
67.9
72.1
73.4
75.3
76.3
77.8
75.5
a**
b
c
ed
cd
cd
cd
cd
cd
ed
ed
cd
d
cd
Wolfenbarger: Control Experiments on Potatoes
of wireworms on corn must occur before or immediately after the seed is
planted. Control of wireworms affecting potatoes need not begin until a
few weeks after planting and protection must be maintained until harvest.
Corn is not planted as deeply as potatoes and may be protected by shallow
application as contrasted with potatoes.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Tests were made usually in commercial plantings in cooperation with
growers. Plots ranged in size from single rows 100 feet long to four rows
each 25 feet long. There were four replications of each treatment. In the
broadcast method, insecticides were scattered by hand over the plots, then
worked in the top 21/2 inches of soil with disk or tiller. Granulated ma-
terials applied in the row were placed in a furrow about 21/2 inches wide
and 2 inches deep, and covered. By the drench method, emulsion or wet-
table powder formulations were applied in 1 foot wide bands with a sprin-
kling can with water at the rate of 500 gallons per acre. Seed was planted
the next day or soon thereafter in the above methods. Phorate was omitted
from the Experiment Station tests because it was used by the grower all
around the test plots. The grower applied granulated phorate with the
seed pieces at planting time. Planting was done in November or early
December by the grower. Cultivating and spraying were done according
to grower practices and were the same over all plots. Sample tubers, 100
or more from each plot, were harvested by hand digging in February or
March, and washed for examination. Corn plants were counted periodically
to a month after planting, although the data presented in Table 2 were
taken a month after planting.
Proprietary materials used in the tests are as follows:
Geigy GS-13005 O,0-dimethyl-S- [5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2 (3H)-on-
3-yl-methyl] dithiophosphate
Di-Syston--O,0-diethyl S-[2- (ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate
Bayer 37289-0-ethyl 0-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate
Stauffer R-2788--0-ethyl-S-p-tolyl-ethylphosphonodithioate
Stauffer N-2790-O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphonodithioate
Kepone-decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-mentheno-2H-cyclobuta [cd] penta-
len-2-one
Shell SD 8530-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate
Isolan-1-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate
Telodrin-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-l,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-meth-
anoisobenzofuran.
RESULTS
In the 1962-63 season, broadcast and in-the-row applications gave results
indicating no or indefinite control. Broadcast and disked-in applications of
the following amounts per acre gave results which were little different from
the checks: diazinon, 10G, 40 lb.; phorate, 10G, 30 lb.; heptachlor, 4E, 1
gal.; Di-Syston 10G, 30 Ib.; Kepone, 5% on corn meal, 50 lb.; parathion,
10G, 20 lb.; aldrin, 4E, 1 gal.; Isolan 2/2G, 160 lb.; and Telodrin 5G, 120 Ib.
Chlordane formulations of 40W, 40G, and 8E applied to give 6 Ib. tech-
nical material per acre gave mean values of control that were essentially
equal, and were significantly less than the check mean.
The Florida Entomologist
Fewer broadcast treatments and more in-the-row treatments were made
in the 1963-64 season. Results of wireworm tests on potatoes are given
in Table 1.
Thirty pounds of 10G phorate per acre, applied in the furrow with the
seed pieces, gave the most satisfactory control. Aldrin, chlordane, and
heptachlor, previously satisfactory in control, were comparatively ineffec-
tive, and are unsatisfactory in grower practices.
Parathion never controlled wireworms in the experiments, possibly be-
cause it was decomposed by the highly alkaline soils.
Results of wireworm control on corn are given in Table 2. More corn
plants grew in soil treated with phorate and Kepone than with any other
treatment, although there were no significant differences between treat-
ments. Chemically treated plots had more plants than the untreated ones.
SUMMARY
The chlorinated hydrocarbons aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, and heptachlor
are ineffective, so other insecticides are needed for control of wireworms.
Phorate, an approved material at 3 pounds technical material per acre on
potatoes and 1 pound on corn (although more material would give better
control), is currently recommended for wireworm control. In order to be
effective, however, it must be placed in the furrows with the seed or seed
pieces.
LITERATURE CITED
Norris, D. M., Jr. 1957. Biology and control of wireworms injurious to
Irish potatoes in the Hastings area. Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep.
1957: 373-375.
Reid, W. J., Jr., and F. P. Cuthbert, Jr. 1956. Resistance of the southern
potato wireworm to insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 49: 879-880.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
Vol. 48, No. 2
FOUR NEW PHYTOSEIIDAE (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA)
FROM FLORIDA
H. A. DENMARK
Div. of Plant Industry, Fla. Dept. Agr., Gainesville, Fla.
Two of the phytoseiids described in this paper belong to the genus
Cydnodromus Muma, 1961. This genus has 6 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs
of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae, most of them short and simple,
2 pairs of sublaterals setae on the interscutal membrane, 3 pairs of sternal
setae and 3 pairs of preanal setae. Leg IV may have 1 or no macrosetae
(Muma 1961). Most of the species that belong to this genus are found
in litter or on low growing plants but are found occasionally on plants sev-
eral feet above ground level. Living mites are off-white to very light tan
and small in size. Most phytoseiids are thought to be predaceous, but the
food habits of these 2 species are unknown.
Two of the species belong to the genus Amblyseius Berlese, 1914. This
genus has 6 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral
setae, some elongate and weakly plumose, 2 pairs of sublaterals setae on
the interscutal membrane, 3 pairs of sternal setae, and 2 or 3 pairs of pre-
anal setae. Leg IV has 3 macrosetae (Muma 1961). The species in this
genus may be found in litter, on low growing plants, and on plants several
feet above ground level. The food of these species is unknown, but they are
probably predaceous on small arthropods. The live mite is medium size
and off-white in color.
The modified Garman system of setal designation, except in the case of
the median setae, is used in this paper. If a pair of setae on the middle
third of the dorsal scutum, L5 of authors, lies distinctly mesad to a pair
of marginal lateral setae, it is considered median; if only 1 pair of setae
is present or it is not distinctly mesad, it is considered lateral. The above
characters refer to females; data on males are incomplete for many species.
All drawings and measurements were made with a phase contrast com-
pound microscope at 1200 magnifications for leg IV and 800 magnifications
for all other illustrations.
Cydnodromus vagus new species
(Fig. 1)
Cydnodromus vagus is similar to C. gracilis (Muma) but differs in the
shape of the spermatheca and spermatodactyl.
FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Dorsal scutum smooth, 322.4 u long and 139 p wide
at L,, with 8 laterals, 3 medians, and 6 dorsal pairs of setae. All setae
smooth. Peritreme extends forward nearly to D1. Sternal shield longer
than wide, smooth, and with 3 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of small pores.
Metapodal scuta elongate, narrow, and slightly curved. Ventrianal shield
slightly reticulated with 3 pairs of setae. Basitarsus of leg IV bears a dis-
tinct macroseta. Spermatheca with cervix bell-shaped and atrium long and
slightly knobbed.
MALE: Unknown.
1Contribution No. 43, Entomology Section.
The Florida Entomologist
II '
D I
Fig. 1. Female Cydnodromus vagus, n. sp. A. Dorsal scutum. B.
Ventrianal scutum with metapodal scuta. C. Spermatheca. D. Leg IV.
E. Male ventrianal scutum. F. Spermatodactyl.
Vol. 48, No. 2
Denmark: Four New Phytoseiidae
Holotype: Welaka, Fla., 8 April 1964 (H. A. Denmark), on Lyonia
ferruginea; type no. 3114 in the U. S. National Museum.
Paratypes: Welaka, Fla., 8 April 1964 (H. A. Denmark), one female
on stagger bush, Lyonica ferruginea, and one female in litter of Pinus sp.
and Gordonia lasianthus. Twenty-four females, 27 males (one designated
as the allotype), and nine nymphs at Quincy, Fla., 12-13 April 1964 (H. A.
Denmark), from Bermuda grass sod. All paratypes in the Florida State
Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville.
Cydnodromus mumai new species
(Fig. 2)
This species is closely related to C. paspalivorus De Leon from which
it may be distinguished by the proportionately longer L1, L2, La, L,, Ls, Ms
and the macroseta on basitarsus IV.
FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Dorsal scutum distinctly reticulated, 337.5 A long
and 150.0 u wide at L, with 8 lateral, 3 median, and 6 dorsal pairs of setae
and at least 7 small pores. All setae shorter than the distance between
them and simple except Ls which is longer and serrate. Scapular setae
1 and 2 short, simple, and on the membrane; S1 longer than S2. Longitudal
reticulations extend from Da to a point halfway between D5 and Ms. Peri-
treme extends forward nearly to D,. Fixed digit chelicerae with 7 teeth
and pilis dentilis. Sternal shield much longer than wide, reticulated, and
areolae formed by the reticulations much longer than wide, and 3 pairs of
setae; ventrianal shield reticulated with 3 pairs of setae and a pair of
small pores. Metasternal scutum and metapodal scuta as shown. Basi-
tarsus of leg IV bears a distinct macroseta. Spermatheca with cervix
bowl-shaped and atrium short and knobbed.
MALE: Dorsal scutum 269.9 p long, 130.8 u wide at Da; reticulated and
with pores as in female. Ventrianal shield with 3 pairs of preanal setae and
6 small pores. Spermatodactyl as illustrated.
Holotype: Female, St. Petersburg, Fla., 17 Nov. 1958 (C. E. Binga-
man), on Arecastrum romanzoffianum fronds; type no. 3115 in the U. S.
National Museum.
Paratypes: One female, St. Petersburg, Fla., 17 Nov. 19.58 (C. E.
Bingaman), on Arecastrum romanzoffianum fronds, and one male, Arcadia,
Fla., 29 Oct. 19.58 (G. P. Lamb), on Arecastrum romanzoffianum fronds,
both in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville.
This mite is named in honor of Dr. Martin H. Muma.
Amblyseius digitulus new species
(Fig. 3)
This species resembles A. dillus (De Leon), but differs in that Ls and Ms
are longer and only slightly serrate, and the spermatheca is distinct in
having a cleft atrium. Both spermatheca are illustrated in Fig. 3.
FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Dorsal scutum reticulated, 330 1z long, 203 a wide
at L4, with 8 laterals, 3 medians, and 6 dorsal pairs of setae. All setae
smooth except L. and M: are slightly serrated. Peritreme extends forward
to Di. Sternal slightly wider than long, smooth, with a pair of pores,
and 3 pairs of setae. Metapodal scutum as illustrated. Ventrianal scutum
The Florida Entomologist
Fig. 2. Female Cydnodromus mumai, n. sp. A. Dorsal scutum. B.
Sternal scutum. C. Metapodal scuta. D. Fixed digit chelicerae. E. Ven-
trianal scutum. F. Metasternal scuta. G. Leg IV. H. Spermatheca. I,
Spermatodactyl. J. Male ventrianal scutum.
Vol. 48, No. 2
Denmark: Four New Phytoseiidae
H C
Fig. 3. Female Amblyseius digitulus, n. sp. A. Dorsal scutum. B.
Ventrianal scutum. C. Metapodal scuta. D. Sternal scutum. E. Metaster-
nal scuta. F. Spermatheca. G. Leg IV. H. Spermatheca of Amblyseius
dillus (De Leon).
The Florida Entomologist
smooth with a pair of pores and 3 pairs of setae. Leg IV has macrosetae
on the genu, tibia, and basitarsus. Spermatheca bell-shaped with elongated
atrium enlarged and cleft at distal end.
MALE: Unknown.
Holotype: Female, 2 miles south of Winter Garden, Orange County,
Fla., 2 April 1963 (H. A. Denmark), on Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon;
type no. 3116 in the U. S. National Museum.
Paratypes: Two females, 2 miles south of Winter Garden, Orange
County, Fla., 2 April 1963 (H. A. Denmark), on Bermuda grass; one female,
6 miles north of Polk City, Polk County, Fla., 7 May 1963 (H. A. Den-
mark), in Paspalum notatum sod; in the Florida State Collection of Arthro-
pods, Gainesville.
E
Fig. 4. Female Amblyseius rhabdus, n. sp. A. Dorsal scutum. B.
Spermatheca. C. Ventrianal scutum. D. Leg. IV. E. Spermatheca of
Amblyseius aerialis Muma.
Vol. 48, No. 2
Denmark: Four New Phytoseiidae
Amblyseius rhabdus new species
(Fig. 4)
This species is similar to Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) but differs by
having L2 and La approximately the same length. La is longer than La in
aerialis. D2, D8, D4, and M, minute in aerialis, but longer in rhabdus. The
spermathecae are quite distinct for these two species.
FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Dorsal scutum smooth, 365 A long and 266 1 wide
at Li, with 8 laterals, 3 medians, 6 dorsals, 2 sublaterals, and 9 pores. All
setae smooth except Ms and Ls are slightly serrate. L1 longer than Di,
all other setae approximately the same size except L4, Ls, and Ms are long
and thick. Peritreme extends anteriorly to D1. Chelicerae with movable
digit without teeth, fixed digit with 10 or eleven teeth and pilis dentilis.
Sternal scutum approximately as wide as long slightly creased with 3
pairs of setae and 2 pairs of pores. Metasternal plate elongate, each with
a seta. Two pairs of metapodal plates. Ventrianal shield slightly longer
than wide, creased with 3 pairs of preanal setae and one pair of pores. Leg
IV with macrosetae on the genu, tibia, and basitarsus. Spermatheca with
rod shaped cervix and flared base; major duct broad and minor duct appear-
ing as a thin black thread attached at atrium.
Holotype: Female, Gainesville, Fla., 1 Oct. 1964 (H. A. Denmark),
in sod of St. Augustine grass, Stenotaphrum secundatum; type no. 3113 in
the U. S. National Museum.
Paratypes: One female and 5 nymphs, Gainesville, Fla., 1 Oct. 1964
(H. A. Denmark), in sod of St. Augustine grass, Stenotaphrum secunda-
tum; one female 4 miles north of Polk City, Polk County, Fla., 9 Jan. 1962
(M. H. Muma), in cup of Sarracenia sp.; in the Florida State Collection of
Arthropods, Gainesville.
LITERATURE CITED
Berlese, A. 1914. Acari nuovi. Redia 10: 113-150.
Muma, Martin H. 1961. Subfamilies, genera, and species of Phytoseiidae
(Acarina: Mesostigmata). Bull. Fla. State Mus. 5(7): 267-302.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
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FLORIDA'S 1964 CITRUS HONEY CROP
F. A. ROBINSON
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Fla.
The devastating damage to citrus trees caused by extremely low tem-
peratures in December 1962 resulted in a near failure of the 1963 citrus
honey crop (Robinson 1963). It has been generally believed that citrus
nectar flows are adversely affected for two years following severe freeze
damage to the trees, and many Florida beekeepers were quite pessimistic
about the chances of making a good citrus honey crop in 1964. There was
some evidence to support this belief, since the 1958 and 1959 citrus honey
crops were rather poor after the trees in many areas had been damaged by
freezes during the winter of 1957-58. The pessimism proved to be unjusti-
fied, and 1964 turned out to be a banner year for citrus honey production.
The average production of citrus honey for the last five years by colonies
in the Experiment Station apiary located near Clermont, Fla., is shown in
Fig. 1. In 1964 the 35 colonies in the apiary had an average production
of 128.4 lb. per colony. This figure is almost 50% greater than the previous
highest yield of 86 lb., record in 1961. Although the blooming period of
the groves in the Clermont area lasted a total of 39 days, over 90% of the
honey was produced during the last half of this period. Flowers opened
very slowly during the first two weeks of bloom when fairly low tempera-
tures were experienced. Later, when the weather moderated, the flowers
opened very quickly, and the nectar flow was unusually heavy. This period
of heavy nectar flow lasted for 21 days, during which time the colonies
made gains averaging 111.4 lb. In one 48 hour period between 8:00 AM,
18 March, and 8:00 AM, 20 March, one group of colonies had an average
gain of 42 lb. Most of the other colonies in the apiary made gains of 30
to 35 lb., and the least productive colony in the apiary gained over 23 Ib.
The 1964 citrus nectar flow was not only exceptional in regard to the
amount of nectar secreted, but the quality of the honey produced from the
nectar, as measured by its color and moisture content, was the best of any
citrus honey produced in the last twelve years (Table 1).
The data regarding the moisture content of citrus honey for the period
of 1953-1962 was obtained from information published by Haynie (1962).
The Pfund scale values were derived by converting the data published by
Haynie (1962) as to the percent light transmission of citrus honey produced
in the same years. Data for the year 1964 were collected by the author.
This information shows that only in 1961 was the color of citrus honey
nearly as light as that produced in 1964. However, the 1964 honey had
almost 3% less moisture than the 1961 honey. Florida honeys are seldom
light enough to be graded water white (Pfund value of 7 or less), yet 9
of 17 samples tested from the 1964 crop were in this grade. One honey
sample produced by the colonies near Clermont showed a Pfund reading
below zero, which is about as clear as any honey can be.
1 Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 2029.
The Florida Entomologist
Vol. 48, No. 2
1964
--------- 1961
1960
1962
*... 1963
26 2 6 10 14 Is 22 26 30 3 7 11 15 19 23
March April
Fig. 1. Citrus honey production by colonies near Clearmont, Fla.
~...
Robinson: Florida's 1964 Citrus Honey Crop
TABLE 1.
COLOR AND
MOISTURE CONTENT OF CITRUS HONEY SAMPLES
(1953-1964).
Pfund USDA Color Percent
Year Reading Standard Moisture
1953 18.5 White
1954 44.5 Extra Light Amber 18.1
1955 34.5 Extra Light Amber 16.7
1956 30.5 White 18.8
1957 41.0 Extra Light Amber 18.5
1958 24.5 White 18.6
1959 35.0 Extra Light Amber 17.4
1960 19.5 White 18.1
1961 10.5 Extra White 18.4
1962 30.0 White 18.8
1963 -
1964 10.0 Extra White 15.7
LITERATURE CITED
Haynie, J. D. 1962. 1962 Citrus honey samples. Fla. Agr. Ext. Service
Mimeo. Gainesville. 24 July 1962.
Robinson, F. A. 1963. The effects of the December 1962 freeze on citrus
honey production in Florida. Fla. Ent. 47: 55-56.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
pest H
has its
day-
F H
Some won't last that long!
And the days are numbered for a lot of other weed and insect pests when
Hercules pesticides are used. Delnav miticide protects citrus and livestock.
Toxaphene puts an end to a perfect day for boll weevils and many other cotton
pests. And Metadelphene insect repellent makes a frustrating day-or night
-for biting insects.
Some pests will never see the light of day. Like crabgrass. The seeds can't
germinate . that is if Azak is used. Azak* is one of Hercules Powder Com-
pany's new pre-emergence herbicides.
Hercules has a variety of pesticides. The kind that won't let pests reach an
old age. For more information or help for you or your customers' everyday
pesticide problems, contact the nearest sales office listed below or write
Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19899. Hercules is ready
to help... day after day after day. HERCULES
EHERCULESTRADEMARK SA6
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS CHICAGO (OAK BROOK), ILLINOIS DALLAS, TEXAS FRESNO, CALIFORNIA GREENVILLE, MISSISSIPPI LOUISIA
MISSOURI MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA ORLANDO, FLORIDA PHOENIX, ARIZONA RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA VANCOUVER, WASHING
INSECTICIDES AND INSECTICIDE-OIL COMBINATIONS
FOR CORN EARWORM, BOLL WEEVIL, AND
COWPEA CURCULIO CONTROL1
DAN A. WOLFENBARGER 2, 3
Texas A&M University
The cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus (Boh.), boll weevil, Anthono-
mus grandis (Boh.), and corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), are major
pests in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. These insects are controlled by
frequent applications of highly toxic insecticides. Because it is suspected
that a tolerance may exist or develop in the near future, experiments were
conducted during the 1963-64 season to determine (1) whether insecticide-
oil combinations were more effective against these pests than insecticides
alone; (2) whether the methods of applying these insecticides and insecti-
side-oil combinations would affect control of these insects and; (3) whether
other insecticides would control these insects.
Dogger (1955) showed that isoparaffinic oils do not increase effective-
ness of toxaphene + DDT for bollworm and boll weevil control on cotton.
Wolfenbarger and Schuster (1963) and Wolfenbarger (1964) found Bidrin,
Bayer 25141, and Guthion to be effective against the cowpea curculio.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Six experiments were conducted during 1963-64. Plots in all experi-
ments were 1 row wide (38 inches between rows) and 30 to 50 feet in
length arranged in randomized block design with four replications. An
oil-water-insecticide combination and an aerosol were used to apply the in-
secticides in various experiments. The oil-water-insecticide combinations
were applied at 40 to 80 gallons per acre with a carbon dioxide powered
sprayer at 40 psi using three nozzles per row. The aerosols (very fine
mist) were applied with a Soloport pack back gasoline powered airblast
spray at 1/ to 2 gallons per acre through two adjustable nozzles per row.
Two emulsifier systems, designated as unstable and stable emulsion sys-
tems, were used with the oil-water-insecticide combinations applied with
the CO2 powered sprayer. The unstable emulsion system had a 1% con-
centration of B-1956 (modified phthalic glycerol alkyd resin). The stable
emulsion system used an amine soap, and was stable during the entire
period of the spray application.
Experiments were conducted for control of the cotton boll weevil and
cotton bollworm on cotton. In 1963, the plots were established to evaluate
toxaphene + DDT, Guthion + DDT, and methyl parathion + DDT alone
and in combination with various oil fractions (Tables 2, 3, 4). The oil frac-
tions were naphthenic, paraffinic, and isoparaffinic in structure. The amine
soap emulsifier system was used in these evaluations. The specifications
of the oils are summarized in Table 1. The oils were applied at the rates
at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 gallons per acre.
1Technical Contribution 4848 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station,
Lower Rio Grande Valley Research and Extension Center, Weslaco.
2 Oils used in these evaluations were supplied by Humble Oil & Refining
Co., who partially supported this project.
Present mailing address: USDA, ARS, Ent. Res. Div., P. 0. Box 1033,
Brownsville, Texas.
The Florida Entomologist
TABLE 1.-SPECIFICATIONS OF VEGETABLE SPRAY
IN EXPERIMENTS, WESLACO, 1963-1964.2
OILS USED
Oil
IP N P
Gravity, API0 42.5 30.2 35.0
Molecular weight 27.0** 32.0** 32.0**
Viscosity @ 100C 51.1 76.6 76.0
Unsulfonated residue 93.0 95.6 91.6
Distillation 40-50 529-535* 407-415 443-450
5-90 49-59 86-87 76-78
At 10 mm.
** Approximate.
TABLE 2.-INSECTICIDE-OIL COMBINATIONS FOR BOLL WEEVIL AND
CORN EARWORM CONTROL ON COTTON, WESLACO, 1963.
Percent increase in
control
Actual Squares Bolls
Material* (Lbs + gals/A) weevil worm worm
Toxaphene + DDT
Toxaphene + DDT + IP
Toxaphene + DDT + IP
Toxaphene + DDT + IP
Toxaphene + DDT + N
Toxaphene + DDT + N
Toxaphene + DDT + N
Toxaphene + DDT + P
Toxaphene + DDT + P
Guthion + DDT
Guthion + DDT + IP
Guthion + DDT + IP
Guthion + DDT + IP
Guthion + DDT + N
Guthion + DDT + N
Guthion + DDT + N
Guthion + DDT + P
Guthion + DDT + P
Guthion + DDT + P
Methyl parathion + DDT
Methyl parathion + DDT + N
Methyl parathion + DDT + P
Check**
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5+1.5
3.0+1.5+3.0
3.0+1.5+4.5
3.0+1.5+1.5
3.0+1.5+3.0
3.0+1.5+4.5
3.0+1.5+1.5
3.0+1.5+3.0
1.0+1.0
1.0+1.0+15
1.0+1.0+3.0
1.0+1.0+4.5
1.0+1.0+1.5
1.0+1.0+3.0
1.0+1.0+4.5
1.0+1.0+1.5
1.0+1.0+3.0
1.0+1.0+4.5
0.5+1.0
0.5+1.0+1.5
0.5+1.0+1.5
* Mean of 11 applications.
** Mean % damaged.
102
Vol. 48, No. 2
Wolfenbarger: Insecticides and Insecticide-Oil 103
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The Florida Entomologist
In 1964, plots were established to evaluate oils representing a naph-
thenic, paraffinic, and isoparaffinic oil fraction at 3.0 gallons per acre in
combination with toxaphene + DDT at 3.0 + 1.5 lbs. active ingredient per
acre (Table 5). The insecticide-oil combinations were compared to toxa-
phene + DDT insecticide combinations of 3.0 + 1.5 and 6.0 + 3.0 lbs. per
acre. The data for both rates are summarized because no differences ex-
isted between the rates or control of either insect. These treatments were
compared to an untreated check and toxaphene + DDT alone in four tests.
In three tests, insecticide-oil-water sprays were applied at 56 gallons per
acre. All treatments were applied with the CO2 powered sprayer. The
fourth test was designed to evaluate an aerosol application at % gallon
per acre. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 squares or bolls per
plot for boll weevil feeding or oviposition scars and bollworm larval feed-
ing damage. Open boll counts on 50 plants per plot were made once as a
relative index of yield.
TABLE 5.-SUMMARY OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SPRAY SYSTEMS;
COTTON, WESLACO, 1963.
Percent increase in control
Oil-water Aerosol
Actual -Open** Open**
Material (Gal/A) weevil worm bolls weevil worm bolls
Oil-Insecticide*
IP 1.5 7 25 0 41 82 26
N 1.5 0 50 7 24 72 17
P 1.5 9 50 0 29 82 24
Insecticide* 0 25 6 41 91 29
Check 44 4 182 17 11 257
Mean of 10 applications.
** Mean open bolls per 50 plants.
t Mean percent damaged squares or bolls.
Sweet corn plots were established in the fall of 1963 and the spring of
1964 for corn earworm control. In the fall 1963, four insecticides and two
emulsifier systems for each of 3 oil fraction-DDT combinations, at equal
rates, were used. The three fractions represented paraffinic, naphthenic,
and isoparaffinic type oils. The 1964 experiments were established to use
insecticides, aerosol application of oil-DDT combinations, and oil-water-
insecticide combinations. Two oil-water-insecticide emulsifier systems were
used as in the fall 1963 experiment. The treatments (Tables 6, 7) were
evaluated as described by Wolfenbarger (1964).
104
Vol. 48, No. 2
Wolfenbarger: Insecticides and Insecticide-Oil
TABLE 6.-INSECTICIDES, DDT- AND NALED-EMULSIFIER SYSTEM, AND DDT
SPRAY SYSTEMS FOR CORN EARWORM CONTROL ON SWEETCORN,
WESLACO, FALL 1963, SPRING 1964.
Percent worm-
Actual free ears
Emulsion Spray (Lbs.+ Fall Spring
Material system system gal./A.) 1963* 1964**
DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT+IP
DDT+IP
DDT+N
DDT+N
DDT+P
DDT+P
DDT+IP
DDT+IP
DDT+N
DDT+N
DDT+P
DDT+P
DDT
DDT
DDT+IP
DDT+N
DDT+P
Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Naled
Naled+N
Naled+P
Check
Unstable
Unstable
Unstable
Unstable
Unstable
Unstable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Oil-water
Aerosol
Aerosol
Aerosol
Aerosol
Aerosol
40294
40294
40294
40273
40273
40273
Stable
Stable
Oil-water
Oil-water
1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0+1.5
1.0+3.0
2.0
4.0
2.0+1.5
2.0+1.5
2.0+1.5
1.0
2.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0+1.5
4.0+1.5
59
25
41
24
39
39
30
41
53
23
72
63
48
20
13
9 16
*Four applications.
** Three applications.
105
106 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
TABLE 7.-SUMMARY OF EFFECTS OF EMULSION AND SPRAY SYSTEMS AND
OF TYPES OF OIL; SWEETCORN, WESLACO, FALL 1963, SPRING 1964.
Percent worm-free ears
Fall Spring
Emulsion and spray system 1963 1964
Oil-water
stable 21 52
unstable 6 50
Aerosol
DDT 32
oil-DDT 31
Oil-fraction
IP 9 43
N 13 41
P 19 49
In 1963-1964, insecticides and insecticide-oil combinations were used for
cowpea curculio control on southernpeas. Two emulsifier systems of the
water-oil-toxaphene combinations were evaluated and compared with toxa-
phene alone in both tests. During the spring of 1964, aerosol applications
of toxaphene-oil were made at the rate of 1.5 gallons per acre. Guthion
and methyl parathion were applied at 4 different rates and 1 to 4 times. In
both experiments, applications were initiated at first blossom. The treat-
ments were evaluated as described in Wolfenbarger & Schuster (1963) and
Wolfenbarger (1964), and the data (Tables 8, 9) are presented as larvae
per 100 pods.
The chemical formula of the proprietary insecticides used in these
evaluations are:
Bidrin-3-(dimethoxyphosphinyloxy)-N, N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide
Giegy 13005-0,0-dimethyl-S-O (S-methoxy-1,3,4-thiodianzol-2(3H)-on-
3-yl-methyl) -dithiophosphate
Guthion--O,O-dimethyl S-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-ylmethyl
phosphorodithioate
Monsanto 40273-O-(p-nitrophenyl)-O-propyl methylphosphonothionate
Monsanto 40294-0-(p-nitrophenyl)-O-phenyl methyl phosphonothioate
Shell Development 9129-crotanamide, 3-hydroxy-N methyl dimethyl
phosphate.
Wolfenbarger: Insecticides and Insecticide-Oil
TABLE 8.-RATES AND NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS OF INSECTICIDES, INSECTI-
CIDE-OIL-WATER, AND AEROSOL APPLICATIONS FOR COWPEA CURCULIO
CONTROL ON SOUTHERNPEAS, WESLACO, FALL 1963,
SPRING 1964.
Number Percent
of Actual increase
Method of appli- (Lbs. + in control
Materials application cations gal./A.) Fall Spring
SD 9129
Bidrin
Naled
Naled
Phosphamidon
Phosphamidon
Monsanto 40294
Monsanto 40273
Monsanto 40273
Monsanto 40273
Toxaphene
Toxaphene+IP
Toxaphene+N
Toxaphene+P
Toxaphene+P
Toxaphene+IP
Toxaphene+N
Toxaphene+N
Toxaphene+P
Toxaphene+P
Parathion
Giegy 13005
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Methyl parathion
Guthion
Guthion
Guthion
Guthion
Check**
Stable
Stable
Stable
Unstable
Aerosol
Unstable
Aerosol
Unstable
Aerosol
4
4
4
4
4,4*
4
4
4
4
4
4,4
4,4
4,4
4,4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4,4
4
2
4
2
4
1
2
3
4
4
1
2
3
4
1.0
0.5
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.75
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
3.0+1.5
2.0
2.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
50
57 100
100
50
88
63
88
75
0
100
100
Number of applications applied in
the spring.
** Mean larvae per 100 pods.
the fall and number of applications applied in
108 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
TABLE 9.-SUMMARY OF EFFECTS OF EMULSION AND SPRAY SYSTEMS
AND OF TYPES OF SOIL; SOUTHERNPEAS, WESLACO, FALL 1963, SPRING 1964.
Larvae per 100 pods
Emulsion and spray system Fall Spring
Oil-water
stable 6 7
unstable 6 -
Aerosol 6
Oil
IP 5 11
N 7 3
P 7 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results in all experiments are expressed as per cent increase in
control over the untreated check or as indicated in the summaries in Tables
3, 4, 7, and 9. The data in Table 2 show that the 1.5 and 3.0 gallons per
acre rates of paraffinic oil-DDT- + Toxaphene combination gave control
of the boll weevil and corn earworm which was superior to the use of
DDT + toxaphene alone. This insecticide-oil combination gave better con-
trol than all other treatments and the check. The rate of oil (Table 4) in the
insecticide-oil combination did not increase insect control. The data (Table
5) show that all aerosol applied insecticide and insecticide-oil combination
applications increased corn earworm and boll weevil control over the oil-
insecticide-water applied combinations. The oil-water-insecticide combina-
tions or insecticide combinations were ineffective in controlling the boll
weevil.
Data in Table 6 show that Monsanto 40273 and Monsanto 40294 gave
the best corn earworm control on sweet corn and were equal to or superior
to DDT at the 1 lb. per acre rate. Monsanto 40273 was superior to DDT
at the 2 lb. rate but equal in effectiveness at the 4 lb. rate. DDT was
equal or superior to Monsanto 40294 at 2 and 4 lbs. per acre. DDT-oil-com-
binations were not as effective as DDT alone at equal rates, when applied
as an aerosol spray at the rate of 1 and 2 gallons per acre. The stable
emulsion system was generally superior to the unstable emulsion system
(Table 7). The water applications of the oil-insecticide combinations were
superior to the aerosol applications of oil-insecticide sprays. The oil frac-
tion possessing a predominance of paraffinic type molecules gave the best
corn earworm control compared to the naphthenic or isoparaffinic type oils
(Wolfenbarger 1964). Naled and the naled-oil combinations were ineffec-
tive for corn earworm control.
The data in Table 8 show that parathion, methyl parathion, Monsanto
40273, Giegy 13005, Guthion, SD9129, and Bidrin were the most effective
insecticides for cowpea curculio control. Phosphamidon at the highest rate
offered promise for curculio control. Three and 4 applications of Guthion
Wolfenbarger: Insecticides and Insecticide-Oil
109
were superior to 1 and 2 applications for cowpea curculio control. Three
and 4 applications of methyl parathion at each of 3 rates were superior
to 1 or 2 applications. There were no differences between 4 applications
of methyl parathion at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 pounds per acre, Toxaphene and
naled were ineffective for cowpea curculio control. The use of stable and
unstable emulsion systems, aerosol applications, and oil had small effects on
control (Table 9).
LITERATURE CITED
Dogger, James R. 1955. Solutions of insecticides in an isoparaffinic oil
for cotton insect control. J. Econ. Ent. 48: 422-424.
Wolfenbarger, Dan A., and M. F. Schuster. 1963. Insecticides for control
of the cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus, on southernpeas. J.
Econ. Ent. 56: 733-736.
Wolfenbarger, Dan A. 1964. The effect of insecticides, rates, intervals
between and number of applications and insecticide-oil and surfactant
combinations for insect control on southernpeas. J. Econ. Ent. 57:
966-969.
Wolfenbarger, Dan A. 1964. Paraffinic and naphthenic oil fractions in
combinations with DDT and a Heliothis virus for corn earworm con-
trol. J. Econ. Ent. 57: 732-735.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
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NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF ECTOPSOCINAE
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
(PSOCOPTERA: PERIPSOCIDAE)1
EDWARD L. MOCKFORD
Dept. Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Ill.
The following notes include a new synonymy for Ectopsocus pumilis
(Banks), synonymic notes on Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae (Enderlein), rec-
ords of three species of Ectopsocinae previously not known to occur in the
Western Hemisphere, and distributional records of two others. Two of
the species, Ectopsocus maindroni Badonnel and Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae
(Enderlein) are recorded for the first time from the United States, thus
raising the number of species of Ectopsocinae known to occur in the United
States to seven. Three of these were recorded by Mockford (1959), and
references to the other four are included herein. Of general interest is a
corrected identification of the form which has been called Ectopsocus pumilis
(Banks). This species, exceedingly common in eastern United States, has
now been shown to be Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae (Enderlein). The name
pumilis applies to another species.
Ectopsocus maindroni BAdonnel (1935: 81)
A bibliography on this species is given by Thornton (1962: 299). The
species has not previously been recorded in the Western Hemisphere. On
several occasions it has been found by U. S. Department of Agriculture
plant quarantine inspectors on materials entering the United States from
Mexico, South America, and the West Indies.
Material examined from various localities in the American tropics
agrees with the Hong Kong material described by Thornton (1962) in pos-
sessing fine hairs on the margin of the hindwing between the branches
of Rs.
RECORDS: United States: Florida-Grassy Key (Monroe Co.); Lower
Matecumbe Key (Monroe Co.); Miami (field collection); Miami (plant
quarantine interception from Surinam); Vero Beach. Texas-San Antonio
(plant quarantine interception from unspecified locality in Mexico).
Mexico: Veracruz-23 miles north of Alvarado, Highway 180.
Jamaica: Locality not specified. Puerto Rico: Maricao Insular Forest.
Venezuela: Maracay. British Guiana: Georgetown (Botanical Gardens).
French Guiana: Cayenne (Botanical Gardens and strand at Mont Joli).
Field records other than that in Jamaica are by the author. Most of
the latter collections were made by beating foliage of trees and shrubs
which generally bore some dead leaves. To my knowledge, none of the
field collections in the Western Hemisphere have been made at a distance
of more than 20 miles from the seacoast.
1 Collecting involving the author's Mexican records was supported by
National Science Foundation Grant No. 19263. Collecting involving records
from Brazil, British Guiana, French Guiana, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trini-
dad, and Venezuela was supported by a travel grant from the American
Museum of Natural History, New York City.
The Florida Entomologist
2
Vol. 48, No. 2
3
Fig. 1-5. Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks). Fig. 1. Gonapophyses of holo-
type, x330. Fig. 2. Gonapophyses, specimen from Gainesville, Fla., x330.
Fig. 3. Sclerite of orifice of spermatheca, holotype, x200. Fig. 4. Free
margin of paraproct with process, holotype, x400. Fig. 5. Subgenital plate
of holotype, x150. Magnifications are those at which the drawings were
made. Reduction is x0.53.
Ectopsocus ornatus Thornton (1962: 308)
This species has been recorded previously only from Hong Kong. A
single female was taken by U. S. Department of Agriculture officials in
San Juan, Puerto Rico, on vegetables originating at an unspecified locality
in Puerto Rico.
The following measurements and ratios were recorded for this speci-
men: IO/D (Pearman method), 3.36; IO/D (Badonnel method), 2.34; body
length, 1.62 mm; forewing length, 1.55 mm; distal hind tarsal segment,
0.091 mm; ratio proximal/distal hind tarsal segments, 2.32; antennal length,
1.14 mm; basal flagellar segment, 0.258 mm; hindwing length, 1.20 mm;
hind femoral length, 0.38 mm; hind tibial length, 0.58 mm; proximal hind
tarsal segment, 0.212 mm; second flagellar segment, 0.152 mm; ratio
basal/second flagellar segments 1.70.
All of the above measurements fall within the range for the species
given by Thornton, or are so close to the limits of the range that their
degree of accuracy (to 0.015 mm) cannot clearly delimit them from it.
The IO/D figure of 4 stated by Thornton (presumably using the method
112
Mockford: Notes on Some Species of Ectopsocinae 113
of Pearman described by Ball 1943) seems decidedly larger than that stated
above, but there is no information by which to determine whether my
figure falls within or without the range for the Hong Kong material.
The genitalia differ from those figured by Thornton in that the third
valvulae (outer lobes of the gonapophyses of the ninth segment) bear, in
addition to the three long outer hairs, only seven shorter hairs, rather
than ten.
Wing markings differ from those illustrated by Thornton in that the
pterostigma has a clear border in its apical third, and the medial stem just
distal to its junction with Rs has a clear posterior border for a short dis-
tance.
A few hairs are visible on the radial margin of the forewing at 440X,
but at lesser magnifications these are not visible.
Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks)
Peripsocus pumilis Banks (1920: 313) (nec Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks)
Chapman, 1930).
Ectopsocus ghesquierei Ball (1943: 11), new synonymy.
An examination of the holotype, a female, in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., has shown that this is not the species which
Chapman (1930) and all subsequent North American authors have assumed
it to be. Such an error is certainly excusable in view of the fact that there
is nothing diagnostic in Banls' description of the species, and it was very
likely impossible for Chapman to make a potash preparation of the type.
Subsequent authors, including myself, have simply followed Chapman's
determination.
A comparison of the subgenital plate (Fig. 5) of this species with that
of E. ghesquierei Ball (Ball 1943, Fig. 6) shows a virtual identity in form,
details of pigment distribution, and ciliation. The type of E. pumilis lacks
a definite submarginal row of macrochaetae paralleled by a line across the
subgenital plate, but another specimen examined (from Gainesville, Fla.,
approximately 130 miles from the type locality) shows a row of six macro-
chaetae in the same position as that shown in E. ghesquierei and an inter-
nal line slightly anterior to the position of that shown in E. ghesquierei.
The tubercle on the edge of the paraproct and the surrounding hairs
(Fig. 4) of the E. pumilis specimens agree with Ball's figure (1943, Fig. 7)
as well as with his description of these features in E. ghesquierei. The
gonapophyses show a few slight differences (compare my Fig. 1 and 2
with Ball's Fig. 8). The terminal ciliation of the third valvula is subject
to a slight amount of variation. Ball illustrates a wide juncture between
the second and third valvulae. Although this does not exist in the speci-
mens which I have examined, the membrane of the second valvula is very-
thin in this region, and it would be easy to mistake an underlying structure
or a wrinkle in the cuticle for the edge of the valvula. In fact, Ball's figure
leaves some doubt about what the joining line between the two valvulae
actually does represent.
Measurements on the type of E. pumilis are as follows: forewing length,
1.30 mm; posterior tibial length, 0.52 mm; IO/D 2.7 (Badonnel Method);
width of head between eyes, 0.32 mm.
114 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
Although there are minor differences between these measurements and
those presented by Ball for E. ghesquierei, they can scarcely be regarded
alone as delimiting distinct species.
In view of the above considerations, I regard these two species as the
same, and the name Ectopsocus ghesquierei Ball falls into the synonymy
of E. pumilis Banks.
RECORDS: United States: Florida-Gainesville; Monticello (type lo-
cality). Texas-San Antonio (plant quarantine interception from Marilia,
Sao Paulo, Brazil).
DISCUSSION: The species was recorded (under the name E. ghesquierei)
by Ball (1943) from several localities in the Congo (type locality, Eala).
A new Congo locality was added by Badonnel (1946). Pearman (1960)
recorded the species from Tanganyika, where it was collected on Rattus
rattus. Thornton (1962) recorded it from Hong Kong, where it was taken
in stored breakfast cereal in a private house. The latter author also cited
a personal communication from Mr. C. Tsutsumi of its collection in stored
products in Japan. The specimens from Gainesville, Fla., were collected
on a leather suitcase covered with mold in an apartment. The series con-
sists of thirty adult females and two nymphs. Males have never been
collected.
Thornton (1962: 298) states that the Hong Kong specimens differ from
those described by Ball in having the abdomen banded and in that the ocelli
are bordered in reddish. Although it was not possible to study these char-
acters on the type of E. pumilis "due to its condition, the specimens from
Gainesville, Fla., agree with Ball's material in these respects.
It would appear that the species has been spread rather readily by hu-
man commerce and that it is probably not native to Florida. The complete
absence of males in collections suggests the possibility of parthenogen-
esis.
Ectopsocus titschacki Jentsch (1939: 120)
Although Jentsch states in the original description that the type ma-
terial was apparently from Venezuela, no definite localities have been re-
corded for the species in the Western Hemisphere. Ball (1943: 11) indi-
cated the presence of the species in the Belgian Congo. Badonnel (1949:
44) recorded it from the Ivory Coast and described the male.
RECORDS: Brazil: Para-Belem. British Guiana: Georgetown. French
Guiana: Cayenne. Puerto Rico: Mayaguez; Rio Piedras. Surinam: Para-
maribo. Trinidad (WI): Piarco; Simla.
The above records represent field collections of the author. In addition,
the species was taken in plant quarantine at Mobile, Ala., on material
originating in Panama. The species is relatively common in the regions
indicated above in dry leaves on branches in disturbed habitats such as
botanical gardens and edges of cities.
Ectopsocus vachoni Badonnel (1945: 44)
Badonnel (1962: 223-224) has demonstrated the synonymy of this spe-
cies with E. dimorphus Mockford and Gurney, and has cited distribution
records from Morocco, France, Great Britain, southern United States, and
Argentina. Later (1963) the same author cited records from Chile. I
have taken the species from a number of Mexican localities.
Mockford: Notes on Some Species of Ectopsocinae 115
RECORDS: Mexico: Nuevo Leon--Presa de la Boca; Galeana. San Luis
Potosi-approximately 19 miles south of San Luis Potosi (city).
Ectopsocopsis cryptomeriae (Enderlein)
Ectopsocus cryptomeriae Enderlein (1907: 100).
Thornton (1962: 294) has given a synonymy of this species complete
to its time and has indicated the likelihood of its synonymy with the spe-
cies described by Chapman (1930) as Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks), but,
as shown above, this is not the true E. pumilis (Banks). In fact, there
appear to be no differences between the species described by Chapman and
the true E. cryptomeriae Enderlein, as described in detail by Thornton
(1962), so that they must be regarded as the same. In the following ref-
erences to the species, the names indicated were used.
Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks) :
Chapman, P. J. 1930: 380-383, pl. XIX, figs. 4, 11, 12.
Ball, A. 1931: 188, pl. VI, figs. 1-6.
Sommerman, K. M. 1942: 259 (rearing technique).
Sommerman, K. M. 1943: 53-64, pl. VI (life history).
Gurney, A. B. 1950: 153 (proposed common name, review of habits).
Mockford, E. L. 1950: 199-200 (distribution).
Mockford, E. L., and A. B. Gurney. 1956: 364 (distribution).
Ectopsocopsis pumilis (Banks):
Badonnel, A. 1955: 185.
Mockford, E. L. 1961:136 (distribution).
This species was originally described from Japan (type locality,
Kanagawa). It is frequently encountered in United States Department
of Agriculture plant quarantine inspections of material from Japan. In
view of this and the fact that there are no other known North American
species of its genus, it would seem likely that this species is not a native
of North America but may have been introduced in commerce from the
Old World. The species occurs throughout eastern United States from
Florida and Texas in the South to central Illinois and southern New York
in the North. It is established in the Monterrey region of northern Mexico
(personal observation).
LITERATURE CITED
Badonnel, A. 1935. Psocopteres nouveaux d'Afrique et d'Arabie. Rev.
Franc. Ent. 2: 75-82.
Badonnel, A. 1945. Contribution a 1'etude des Psocopteres du Maroc.
Rev. franc. Ent. 12: 31-50.
Badonnel, A. 1946. PsocoptBres du Congo belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr.
39: 137-196.
Badonnel, A. 1949. Psocoptbres de la Cote d'Ivoire (mission Paulian-Del-
amare). Rev. franc. Ent. 16: 20-46.
Badonnel, A. 1955. PsocoptBres de l'Angola. Diamang Publicagoes Cul-
turais No. 26, Museu do Dundo. 266 pp.
116 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
Badonnel, A. 1962. Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. I. Etudes sur
la Faune du Sol. PsocoptBres. Editions du Centre Nat. de la
Recherche Sci. (Paris), pp. 185-229.
Badonnel, A. 1963. Biologie de 1'Amerique Australe. Vol. II. Psocop-
teres terricoles, lapidicoles et corticicoles du Chili. Editions du Cen-
tre Nat. de la Recherche Sci. (Paris), pp. 291-338.
Ball, A. 1931. Note descriptif concernant un Ectopsocus des Etats-Unis,
PsocoptBres, Peripsocidae. Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23: 188, pl. VI.
Ball, A. 1943. Contribution a l'etude des Psocopteres, III. Ectopsocus
du Congo belge, avec une remarque sur le rapport I.O./D. Bull. Mus.
roy. Hist. Natur. Belg. 19(38): 1-28.
Banks, N. 1920. New Neuropteroid insects. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
64(3): 299-362, pls. 1-7 (psocids pp. 299-314, pls. 1-3).
Chapman, P. J. 1930. Corrodentia of the United States: I. Suborder
Isotecnomera. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 38(3 & 4): 219-290, 319-402, pls.
XII-XXI.
Enderlein, G. 1907. Neue Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Copeognathen Ja-
pans. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 68: 90-106.
Gurney, A. B. 1950. Psocids likely to be encountered by pest control op-
erators. Pest Control Tech. pp. 131-163.
Jentsch, S. 1939. Die Gattung Ectopsocus (Psocoptera). Zool. Jahrb.,
Abt. f. Syst. 73: 111-128.
Mockford, E. L. 1950. The Psocoptera of Indiana. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.
60: 192-204.
Mockford, E. L. 1959. The Ectopsocus briggsi complex in the Americas
(Psocoptera, Peripsocidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 61(6): 260-266.
Mockford, E. L. 1961. An annotated list of the Psocoptera of the Flint-
Chattahoochee-Apalachicola Region of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.
Fla. Ent. 44(3): 129-140.
Mockford, E. L., and A. B. Gurney. 1956. A review of the psocids, or
book-lice and bark-lice, of Texas (Psocoptera). J. Wash. Acad. Sci.
46(11): 253-268.
Pearman, J. V. 1960. Some African Psocoptera found on rats. Entomol-
ogist 93: 246-250.
Sommerman, K. M. 1942. Rearing techniques for Corrodentia. Ent. News
53: 259-261.
Sommerman, K. M. 1943. Bionomics of Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks)
(Corrodentia: Caeciliidae). Psyche 50: 53-64.
Thornton, I. W. B. 1962. The Peripsocidae (Psocoptera) of Hong Kong.
Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond. 114: 285-315.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
A NEW SPECIES OF KELERIMENOPON
(MENOPONIDAE, MALLOPHAGA) FROM THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
K. C. EMERSON AND C. J. STOJANOVICH
Stillwater, Okla., and Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
The genus Kelerimenopon was erected in 1942 by Conci for K. sanfilip-
poi, described at that time for specimens taken off Pitta rufiventris, (Cabanis
and Heine). Hopkins and Clay (1952) included in the genus: (Colpoceph-
alum ciliatum Piaget 1880; Menopon griseum Piaget, 1885; Colpocephalum
longipes Piaget, 1880; and Colpocephalum minor Piaget, 1880. They com-
mented "There is greatest doubt about the group of hosts infested by this
genus, but some indications that the true hosts may be Megapodidae (see
Clay, 1949, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 2: 830). All the material is of very
doubtful provenance (almost all of it from museum skins) and the genus
is alleged to occur on almost as many groups of hosts as there are known
species."
Three distinct groups of species are presently represented in the genus.
The species found on hosts of the genus Pitta have abdominal pleurites
II-VI with inner vertical projections.
The species found on hosts of the family Megapodidae have abdominal
pleurites II-V with inner, vertical projections, and abdominal pleurites
VI-VIII with inner horizontal projections. The species in this group are:
M. griseum, C. ciliatum, and C. minor.
The species found on hosts of the Psittaciformes have abdominal pleu-
rites without inner projections. The only described species in this group is
C. longipes.
There are many other differences between the groups, which suggest
that they are not congeneric. The species found on the host genus Pitta
are referred to Kelerimenopon s. str., and probably the genus should be
limited to these species. Detailed discussion of the groups found on the
Megapodidae and the Psittaciformes is deferred until more freshly-collected
material becomes available.
Kelerimenopon thompsoni new species
(Fig. 1-3)
HOLOTYPE MALE: External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in
Fig. 2. Male genitalia (less sac) as shown in Fig. 3. Total length, 1.32
mm.
ALLOTYPE FEMALE: External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in
Fig. 1. Total length, 1.70 mm.
Discussion: This species is closest to K. sanfilippoi Conci, 1942; but
is separated from it by differences in chaetotaxy, the male genitalia, and
size. K. thompsoni has at least three long setae on each lateral margin of
the preocular region of the forehead, while K. sanfilippoi has only one in
these locations. The gular region has four long setae on each lateral mar-
1 Present mailing address: 2704 N. Kensington St., Arlington, Va., 22207
118 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
gin in K. thompsoni, and three in K. sanfilippoi. The parameres of K.
sanfilippoi are slender distally, with a short thick base, in K. thompsoni
they are slender throughout their length.
The male and female of K. sanfilippoi have a total length of 1.00 mm
and 1.44 mm respectfully; being considerably smaller than K. thompsoni.
Type host: Pitta sordida (P. L. S. Millerr.
Type material: Holotype male, allotype female, and paratypes of
both sexes were collected by Max Thompson on Balabac Island, Philippines,
19 April 1962 (Bishop Museum Number PI-2508). Holotype and allotype
are deposited in Entomological Collection of the Bishop Museum. Para-
types have been distributed to other leading museums.
Fig. 1-3. Kelerimenopon thompsoni, n. sp. Fig. 1. Dorsal-ventral view
of female. Fig. 2. Dorsal-ventral view of male. Fig. 3. Male, genitalia.
Emerson: A New Species of Kelerimenopon
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Dr. Theresa Clay, British Museum, has been of great assistance in pro-
viding data on the Piaget species, and on undescribed species of Kelerimen-
opon s. lat. in the British Museum.
LITERATURE CITED
Conci, C. 1942. Un Nuovo genere di Menacanthinae dei Passerace: (Mal-
lophaga Menoponidae). Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 61:
262-264.
Hopkins, G. H. E., and Theresa Clay. 1952. A check list of the genera
and species of Mallophaga. British Museum, London. 362 p.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
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PHYTOSEIID MITES FROM PUERTO RICO WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
(ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA)1
DONALD DE LEON
Erwin, Tennessee
Many species of phytoseiids prey on phytophagous mites and a large
amount of work has been done on the group because of their possible im-
portance as biological control agents. Except for the records of Phytoseiu-
lus macropilis (Banks) and Amblyseius evansi Chant, however, the phyto-
seiids that occur in Puerto Rico are unknown. This paper deals with the
species I collected when on the island between 23 Aug. and 5 Sept. 1963.
Twenty-three species were collected, 14 of which are new to science.
Of the 9 described species, 6 also occur in Florida, and 1 each in Mexico,
Trinidad, and Tortola (a small island east of Puerto Rico). These 9 species
are listed below in this order with collection localities and plants on which
they were found:
Amblyseius (Amblyseialus) largoensis Muma: Santurce on Cocos nucif-
era, Mangifera indica, Calophyllum antillanum, and Hura crepitans; Ponce
on Spondias dulcis; Salinas on Cordia sebestina.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) dentilis (DeL.): Santurce on Ipomoea
polyanthis.
Iphiseius quadripilis (Banks): Santurce on Laguncularia racemosa;
Rio Piedras on a meliaceous tree.
Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks): Santurce on Desmodium tortuosum.
Galendromus annectens (DeL.): Santurce on Hura crepitans; Ponce
on Guazuma ulmifolia.
Typhlodromina conspicuua (Garm.): Coamo on Sterculia apetala and
Tetrazygia eleagnoides; Juanadias on Hura crepitans; Cayey Mt. (elev.
about 1800 ft.) on Cordia sulcata.
Typhlodromina adjacentis (DeL.): Coamo on Colubrina reclinata; Cayey
Mt on Myrcia splendens, Cordia alliodora, and Polypodium phyllitida; El
Yunque (elev. about 2500 ft.) on Myrcia deflexa.
Phytoseius (Pennaseius) bennetti DeL.: Rio Piedras on Congea tomen-
tosa; Cayey Mt on Osmia odorata.
?Amblyseius (Amblyseius) herbicolus Chant: Santurce on Tabebuia
sp.; Rio Piedras on Faramea occidentalis, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lantana
involucrata, Psidium guajava, and Palicourea riparius; Sabana on Andira
inermis. Setae L5 and L6 of these specimens show considerable variation
in length. In some, on one side L5 is as long as L6, on the opposite side
L5 is shorter than L6; in some L5 is scarcely shorter than L6 (10:12) and
in others L5 is distinctly shorter than L6 (8:13).
In the descriptions, I have followed Garman (1948) when designating
setae of the body as his system for the phytoseiids is simple and brief; for
the macrosetae of the legs, I have used the symbols employed by Athias-
Henriot (1957). In several of the new species, the ventral cuticula of the
SCost of excess engravings paid for by a grant from The Pinellas
Foundation, Inc., St. Petersburg, Florida.
The Florida Entomologist
specimens either stretched greatly or tore apart in the mounting process;
in drawing these specimens the 3 principal shields are shown in their ap-
proximately normal position, but the platelets and setae of the ventrolateral
area have probably been drawn much closer to each other than is normal
for them. The descriptions and drawings are of holotype females unless
otherwise indicated, and measurements are in microns. Leg measurements
are from base of coxa to claw end of pretarsus and tarsal measurements
include the pretarsus. The services of the spermathecae are all drawn to
the same scale and the lengths given for them include the atria.
Typhloseiopsis funiculatus, new species
(Fig. 1)
Typhloseiopsis funiculatus is readily distinguished from T. theodoliticus
DeL. by having the ventrianal shield fully developed, and from the species
placed in this genus by Schuster and Pritchard (1963) by having L2-L4
minute. The male is unknown.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield practically smooth, 317 long, 190 wide with
setae arranged as shown in Fig. 1. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 36,
L2 8, L3 7, L4 8, L5 34, L6 9, L7 7, L8 66; D1 23, D2-D6 7; M2 36; S1 12;
VL1 43. Sternal shield with 3 pairs of setae, but posterior margin not
clear; ventrianal shield 94 long, 74 wide (near anterior margin); only 1
metapodal shield, 20 long. Chelicerae poorly oriented, fd about 27 long
and apparently with 2 teeth near tip, md apparently with 3 teeth. Legs
too bent to measure; tarsus I 122, IV 141; sgel 16, II 23, III 28, IV 53, sti
29, st 49. Cervix about 18 long.
Holotype: Female, Coamo, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on Gym-
'anthus lucida.
Typhloseiopsis regulars, new species
(Fig. 2)
Typhloseiopsis regulars is distinct from all other mites in this group
in having a notch in the dorsal shield behind L6 and a very long L8.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield smooth, 332 long, 271 wide with setae arranged
as shown in Fig. 2. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 42, L2 4, L3 10, L4 5,
L5 105, L6 7, L7 7, L8 about 330; D1 30, D2-D6, 5-7; M2 110; S1 10, S2 8;
VL1 63. Ventrianal shield 110 long, 72 wide (at level of anus); primary
metapodal shield 20 long. Fd of chelicerae 28 long. Leg I 416, II 345,
III 357, IV 462; tarsus I 160, IV 190; leg I- sge 60, sti 58, st 52 proximall),
54 (distal); leg II- sge 47, sti 36, st 36; leg III- sge 58, sti 42, st 36; leg IV-
sge about 125, sti about 75, st 54. Cervix 18 long.
PLATE I
Fig. 1. Typhloseiopsis funiculatus, n. sp. Dorsal and ventrianal shields,
part of leg IV, and cervix. Fig. 2. Typhloseiopsis regulars, n. sp. Dorsal
and ventral shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, and cervix. Fig. 3. Amblyseius
(Typhlodromips) caobae, n. sp. Dorsal and ventral shields, chelicerae, part
of leg IV, and cervix. Fig. 4. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) caribbeanus,
n. sp. Dorsal and ventral shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, cervix, and
spermatodactyl. Fig. 5. Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) yunquensis, n. sp.
Dorsal and ventrianal shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, and cervix.
Vol. 48, No. 2
De Leon: Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico
123
The Florida Entomologist
Holotype: Female, Cayey Mountain, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon),
on Mangifera indica. Paratypes: 1 female, 2 nymphs collected with holo-
type.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) caobae, new species
(Fig. 3)
Amblyseius (T.) caobae resembles A. (T.) scyphus Schuster and Pritch-
ard in having a cup-shaped cervix and differs from it chiefly in the shape of
the ventrianal shield and in having 3 macrosetae on leg IV. The male is
unknown.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield practically smooth, 300 long, 168 wide with
setae arranged as shown in Fig. 3. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 18,
L2 16, L3 18, L4 21, L5 22, L6 26, L7 22, L8 21, L9 49; D1 16, D2 16, D3 15,
D4 15, D5 26, D6 14; M2 49; VL1 40. Ventrianal shield 90 long, 86 wide.
Primary metapodal shield 19 long. Fd of chelicerae 31 long. Leg I 264,
II 223, III 220, IV 296; tarsus I 87, IV 108; no macrosetae on legs I-III;
sge 34, sti 22, st 44. Cervix 7 long.
Holotype: Female, Rio Piedras, P. R., 24 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Swietenia mahagoni.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) caribbeanus, new species
(Fig. 4)
Amblyseius (T.) caribbeanus is readily distinguished from all others
in this group by the position of tle pores of the ventrianal shield.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield smoothish with a few cicatrix-like markings,
285 long, 199 wide. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 21, L2 12, L3 14, L4 17,
L5 17, L6 18, L7 16, L8 14, L9 39; D1 19, D2 12, D3 14, D4 14, D5 17, D6 8;
M2 24; VL1 25. Ventrianal shield 90 long, 83 wide (the preanal pores range
in shape from circular to crescentic and in the holotype the pore on the
left side is crescentic, the one on the right circular); primary and accessory
metapodal shields apparently coalesced, 17 long. Fd of chelicerae 28 long
(the drawing in Fig. 4 is of a paratype specimen). Leg I 272, II 230, III
226, IV 285; tarsus I 89, IV 99; no macrosetae on legs I-III; sge 9, sti 14,
st 28. Cervix about 10 long.
MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 242 long, 145 wide. Spermato-
dactyl with foot 20, shank 20 long.
Holotype: Female, El Yunque, P. R. (elev. about 2500 ft.), 26 Aug.
1963 (D. De Leon), on Psychotria bertierana. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female
on Clusia gundlachii, locality and date as for holotype; 1 female, Croabas,
P. R., 26 Aug. 1963, on Rhizophora mangle.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) yunquensis, new species
(Fig. 5)
Amblyseius (T.) yunquensis resembles A. (T.) primulae (Chant) from
southern Florida, but is readily separated from it by the greater lengths.
of L1 and L4. The male is unknown.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield practically smooth, 277 long, 165 wide, with
setae arranged as shown in Fig. 5. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 38, L2
13, L3 21, L4 54, L5 11, L6 20, L7 17, L8 9, L9 59; D1 26, D2-D6 8-10; M2
33; VL1 36. Sternal shield not clear, but with 3 pairs of setae; ventrianal
Vol. 48, No. 2
124
De Leon: Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico
shield 96 long, 51 wide; primary metapodal shield 16 long, accessory shield
almost obsolete. Fd of chelicerae 29 long. Leg I 344, II 278, III 274,
IV 393; tarsus I 118, IV 172; sgel 24, II 24, III 21, IV 52, sti 30, st 57. Cer-
vix 15 long.
Holotype: Female, El Yunque, P. R., 26 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Clibodium erosum.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) congeae, new species
(Fig. 6)
Amblyseius, (T.) congeae resembles A. (T.) peregrinus Muma; it differs
from that species in having L2 and L4 much longer and in the shape of
the cervix.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield 290 long, 168 wide, smooth, but with scattered
"cloudy" areas; setae arranged as shown in Fig. 6. Lengths of setae as
follow: L1 43, L2 18, L3 29, L4 61, L5 14, L6 32, L7 14, L8 10, L9 64; D1 28,
D2 12, D3 11, D4 14, D5 15, D6 8; M2 51; VL1 40. Sternal shield not clear,
but with 3 pairs of setae; ventrianal shield 100 long, 58 wide (near anterior
end); primary metapodal shield 18 long. Fd of chelicerae 28 long. Leg I
353, II 289, III 293, IV 429; tarsus I 112, IV 174; sgel 29, II 25, III 24, IV
52, sti 31, st 57. Cervix about 15 long.
MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 232 long, 156 wide. Spermato-
dactyl 21 long.
Halotype: Female, Rio Piedras, P. R., 24 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Congea tomentosa. Paratypes: 4 females, 1 male collected with holotype;
2 females on Clerodendron sp., Rio Piedras, 3 Sept. 1963.
Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) rapax, new sepecis
(Fig. 7)
Amblyseius (T.) rapax very closely resembles A. (T.) limonicus Garman
and McGregor as redescribed by Schuster and Pritchard (1963); it differs
chiefly in size, in the relative lengths of the setae of the dorsal shield, in
having a pore near M1, in dentition of chelicerae, and in the size of the
spermatheca. The male is not known.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield 310 long, 181 wide, with setae of the following
lengths: L1 38, L2 11, L3 9, L4 63, L5 11, L6 14, L7 12, L8 10, L9 72 (weak-
ly serrate); D1 26, D2-D4 7, D5 11, D6 9; M1 8, M2 11; VL1 40. Peritreme
ends at a point almost in front of D1. Ventrianal shield 101 long, 54 wide
(near anterior end); primary metapodal shield 20 long, accessory not found.
Fd of chelicerae 32 long. Leg I 380, IV 407; tarsus I 132, IV 190 (pretarsus
51); sgel 36, II 28, III 33, IV 58, sti 37, st 76 (all tips tapering to slender
points). Cervix about 20 long.
'Holotype: Female, Rio Piedras, P. R., 24 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Lantana involucrata. Paratypes: 1 female collected with holotype; 2 fe-
males, on Cordia alliodora, Cayey Mountain, 28 Aug. 1963.
Amblyseius (Euseius) ho, new species
(Fig. 8)
Amblyseius (E.) ho closely resembles A. (E.) hum Pritchard and Baker;
it differs from that species chiefly in the relative lengths of the anterolat-
eral setae.
125
The Florida Entomologist
PLATE II
Fig. 6. Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) congeae, n. sp. Dorsal and
ventrianal shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, cervix, and spermatodactyl.
Fig. 7. Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) rapax, n. sp. Chelicerae and cervix.
Fig. 8. Amblyseius (Euseius) ho n. sp. Dorsal and ventrianal shields, chel-
icerae, part of leg IV, cervix, and spermatodactyl. Fig. 9. Amblyseius
(Euseius) subalatus, n. sp. Dorsal and ventrianal shields, chelicerae, part
of leg IV, and cervix. Fig. 10. Nothoseius borinquensis, n. sp. Dorsal and
ventrianal shields, part of leg IV, cervix, and spermatodactyl.
Vol. 48, No. 2
126
7
De Leon: Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico
FEMALE: Dorsal shield 320 long, 232 wide with setae and markings as
shown in Fig. 7. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 25, L2 11, L3 14, L4 25,
L5 9, L6 13, L7 14, L8 15, L9 59; D1 28, D2 7, D3 8, D4 11, D5 11; M2 11;
VL1 26. Sternal shield not clear; ventrianal shield 97 long, 72 wide; pri-
mary metapodal shield 22 long. Fd of chelicerae 23 long apparently with
2 small teeth near tip (drawing from a paratype specimen). Legs too
bent to measure; tarsus IV 166 long; sgel 21, II 24, III 28 (tips of all 3
setae bluntly pointed), sge IV 42, sti 26, st 49 (tips of all 3 setae capitate).
Cervix 22 long.
MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 244 long, 181 wide. Sperma-
todactyl with foot 7 long, shank 17 long.
Holotype: Female, Coamo, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Colubrina reclinata. Paratypes: 1 female, 2 males collected with holotype;
1 female on Tetrazygia eleagnoides and 1 male on Osmia ordorata, same
date and locality as for holotype.
Amblyseius (Euseius) subalatus, new species
(Fig. 9)
Amblyseius (E.) subalatus is distinct from any other member of this
group in having S2 on the dorsal shield and in having the dorsal shield
abruptly narrowed at S2. In the type specimen S1 also appears to be on
the dorsal shield as indicated in the drawing; in the paratype specimen the
position of the setae is not clear, but they appear to be situated just off
the dorsal shield. The male is unknown.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield 253 long, 166 wide with setae arranged as
shown in Fig. 9. Lengths of setae as follow: L1 20, L2 23, L3 25, L4 27,
L5 20, L6 21, L7 21, L8 21, L9 49; D1 25, D2 18, D3 17, D4 21, D5 18, D6 7;
M1 21, M2 21; S1 22, S2 21; VL1 28. Ventrianal shield 78 long, 52 wide;
metapodal shield 14 long, no accessory shield seen and several of the other
usual platelets absent. Fd of chelicerae 21 long. Leg I 277, II 216, III 222,
IV 333; tarsus I 100, IV 130; sgel 10, II 11, III 14 (these setae about as
long and scarcely coarser than the other setae of respective segments and
all tapering to sharp points), IV 25, sti 19, st 29. Cervix 23 long.
Holotype: Female, Juanadias, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Citherexylon fruticosum. Paratype: 1 female collected with holotype.
Nothoseius, new genus
Phytoseiid mites with dorsal shield bearing 4 anterolaterals, 4 postero-
laterals, 2 median, and 5 dorsal setae (D5 absent) arranged as shown in
Fig. 10; S1 on interscutal membrane in female, on dorsal shield in male, S2
absent in both sexes; some setae of dorsal shield greatly enlarged and
strongly serrate. Female with a somewhat transparent crescent-shaped
body attached by anterior and posterior ends at mid-line of dorsal shield.
Ventral surface with characters of family. Legs long and slender. No
other genus has this combination of characters.
Type of genus: Nothoseius borinquensis; new species.
127
The Florida Entomologist
Nothoseius borinquensis, new species
(Fig. 10)
FEMALE: Dorsal shield 288 long, 165 wide, not fully covering body
and with VL1 on dorsal surface of body posterior of dorsal shield; setae
of dorsal shield arranged as shown in Fig. 10. Lengths of setae as follow:
L1 38, L2 25, L3 15, L4 91, L5 56, L6 11, L7 32, L8 98; D1 33, D2 9 (ser-
rate), D3 10, D4 9, D5 (absent), D6 10 (serrate); M1 10, M2 79; S1 37;
VL1 67. Crescent-shaped body 45 long, the anterior end attached on mid-
line at a point about even with setae L6 (in the holotype and 1 paratype
the body lies on the left of the mid-line, in 2 others on the right of the
mid-line). Sternal shield with 3 pairs of setae, posterior margin not clear.
Ventrianal shield 105 long, 56 wide; primary metapodal shield 26 long.
Chelicerae not clear, fd about 27 long with about 8 small teeth, md with
about 4 small teeth. Leg I 299, II 271, III 254, IV 413; tarsus I 95, IV 163
(pretarsus 22); no macrosetae on legs I-III; sge 13, sti 13, stb 17, sta 22.
Cervix 7 long.
MALE: Resembles female, but lacks crescent-shaped body; dorsal shield
226 long, 153 wide. Spermatodactyl with foot 12 long, shank 14 long.
Holotype: Female, Salinas, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Rhynchosia reticulata. Paratypes: 2 females, 1 male, collected with holo-
type; 2 females, 2 males, Cayey Mountain, 28 Aug. 1963, on Cordia sulcata.
The female appears to be oviviparous as one of them contained an egg with
an almost fully developed larva.
Amblyseius (Ricoseius) loxocheles, new sub-genus and new species
(Fig. 11)
This mite does not fit any of the established sub-genera because it has
3 pairs of setae lateral of the ventrolateral setae and leg IV with a macro-
seta on tibia only. The long setae of the dorsal shield, many of which are
capitate, and the very heavy chelicerae are also distinctive. Ricoseius is
proposed as a name for mites with these general characters with A(R.)
loxocheles as type.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield smooth 326 long, 266 wide, with setae arranged
as shown in Fig. 11. Setae of the following lengths: L1 80, L2 49, L3 130,
L4 157, L5 63, L6 98, L7 85, L8 162, L9 140; D1 35, D2 50, D3 50, D4 157,
D5 162, D6 9; M1 32, M2 168; S1 60, S2 77; VL1 107; seta anterolateral of
metapodal shield 80, setae lateral of VL1; anterior seta 73, posterior seta
140. Sternal shield with posterior margin not clear, but apparently as
indicated by dashed line in drawing; ventrianal shield 139 long, 76 wide
(at about level of anus); only 2 pairs of ventrilateral setae; primary meta-
podal shield 25 long, accessory shield absent. Fd of chelicerae 30 long
11-12 very small teeth. Leg I 387, II 320, III 326, IV 420; tarsus I 132,
IV 153; genua I-III each with a capitate seta 19, 15, and 20 long respec-
tively; the 2 large capitate setae of genu IV 25 and 22 long (the proximal
seta the longer), capitate seta of tibia 20 long, sti 42, the 2 capitate setae
of basitarsus 22 long. Cervix 38 long.
Holotype: Female, Cayey Mt., P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Cordia alliodora.
Vol. 48, No. 2
128
De Leon: Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico
14
PLATE III
Fig. 11. Amblyseius (Ricoseius) loxocheles, n. sp. Dorsal and ventral
shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, and cervix. Fig. 12. Paraphytoseius
santurcensis, n. sp. Dorsal and ventral shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV,
cervix, and spermatodactyl. Fig. 13. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) woodburyi,
n. sp. Part of leg IV and cervix. Fig. 14. Amblyseiulus inflatus, n. sp.
Dorsal and ventral shields, chelicerae, part of leg IV, and cervix.
129
The Florida Entomologist
Paraphytoseius Swirski and Shechter
Paraphytoseius Swirski and Shechter, 1961. Israel J. Agr. Res. 2: 113.
Type: P. multidentatus Swirski and Shechter, by original designa-
tion and monotypy.
Ptenoseius Pritchard and Baker, 1962. Hilgardia 33: 295; Schuster and
Pritchard, 1963. Hilgardia 34: 198. Type: P. horrifer Pritchard
and Baker, by original designation and monotypy. New synonymy.
Paraphytoseius santurcensis, new species
(Fig. 12)
Paraphytoseius santurcensis resembles P. multidentatus Swirski and
Shechter very closely; it differs from the description and drawing of that
species in having a notch on the margin of the dorsal shield near L4, the
dorsal shield with 10 pairs of pores, the large setae longer, and genu IV
with 2 short, rod-shaped setae.
FEMALE: Pale white as if immature; dorsal shield smooth 288 long,
170 wide with setae arranged as shown in Fig. 12. Lengths of setae fol-
low: L1 98, L2 9, L3 11, L4 132, L5 9, L6 109; D1 36, D2 7, D3 5, D4 9, D5
(absent), D6 5; M2 81; S1 52, S2 36; VL1 85. Ventrianal shield about 105
long, 58 wide (near anterior margin) (a paratype specimen has 2 pairs of
preanal setae); primary metapodal shield 27 long, no accessory shield ob-
served. Fd of chelicerae 22 long.- Leg I 339, II 287, III 284, IV 490; tarsus
I 108, IV 199; no macrosetae on legs I-III; sge 31, sti 40, stb 49, sta 36.
Cervix of spermatheca 7 long (drawing from paratype).
MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 204-230 long, 136 wide (3
tales). Spermatodactyl with foot 6 long, shank about 11 long.
Holotype: Female, Santurce, P. R., 5 Sept. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Hibiscus tiliacea. Paratypes: 3 males, 6 females collected with holotype;
1 female on Hura crepitans, other data as for holotype.
These mites were common on H. tiliacea with 10 or more per leaf (the
leaves are large-about 7 inches across) and no other mites were seen on
the leaves. A pair appeared to be mating with the male on the back of the
female for a period of about 30 seconds and then the male left the female;
before this period the male clung to the female, struggled to get on her
back and appeared to be aggressive, after this period the male ignored her.
With the pairs of Amblyseius and Phytoseius that I have seen and thought
were mating the male was beneath the female and ventral side up.
Phytoseius (Phytoseius) woodburyi, new species
(Fig. 13)
Phytoseius woodburyi resembles P. macropilis (Banks) as redescribed
by Chant and Athias-Henriot (1960), differing from their description
chiefly in the relative lengths of the setae of the dorsal shield and in the
size and shape of the macrosetae. The male is not known.
FEFMALE: Dorsal shield 280 long, 147 wide with setae of the following
lengths: L1 32, L2 14 (smooth), L3 29, L4 10 (smooth), L5 117, L6 73,
L7 74; D1 31, D2-D4 7, D5 (absent), D6 7 (all "D" setae smooth); M2 88;
S1 44; VL1 45 (all setae pectinate except as indicated). Ventrianal shield
130
Vol. 48, No. 2
De Leon: Phytoseiid Mites from Puerto Rico
91 long, 36 wide (near anterior end) with 3 pairs of preanal setae; meta-
podal shield 33 long, about 3.5 wide, accessory shield missing. Fd of cheli-
cerae 23 long, dentition not clear, but apparently with 2 sub-apical teeth,
md with 1 tooth. Legs too bent to measure; tarsus IV 161 long; no macro-
setae on legs I-III; sge 8, sti 44, stb 21, sta 24. Cervix about 5 long.
Holotype: Female, Cayey Mountain, P. R., 28 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon),
on Acroclididium salicifolium. The mite is named in honor of Dr. R. O.
Woodbury, Botanist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, who
kindly identified practically all of the plants from which mites were col-
lected.
Amblyseiulus inflatus, new species
(Fig. 14)
Amblyseiulus inflatus resembles A. rosellus (Chant), but the long setae
are much longer, the peritreme is normal, and the genital shield is enlarged
posterolaterally. The male is unknown.
FEMALE: Dorsal shield smooth, slightly brownish, moderately sclero-
tized, 369 long, 290 wide with setae arranged as shown in Fig. 14. Lengths
of setae as follow: L1 46, L2 21, L3 7, L4 159, L5 10, L6 10, L7 8, L8 8,
L9 175; D1 42, D2-D6 5 (D5 absent); M2 175; S1 21; VL1 90. Ventrianal
shield 127 long, 119 wide; primary metapodal shield 31 long. Fd of cheli-
cerae 48 long. Leg I 513, II 374, III 382, IV 510; tarsus I 183, IV 200; sgel
49, II 45, III 65, IV about 125, sti 87, st 85. Cervix 20 long.
Holotype: Female, Sabana, P. R., 30 Aug. 1963 (D. De Leon), on
Clidemia strigosa.
The types and paratypes of the new species are in the author's col-
lection.
LITERATURE CITED
Athias-Henriot, C. 1957. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae d'Algerie I. Bull.
Soc. d'Histoire Nat. de I'Afrique du Nord. 48: 319-352.
Chant, D. A., and C. Athias-Henriot. 1960. The genus Phytoseius Ribaga
1902. Entomophaga 5(3) : 213-228.
Garman, P. 1948. Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Conn.
Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 520.
Schuster, R. 0., and A. E. Pritchard. 1963. Phytoseiid mites of California.
Hilgardia 34(7): 191-285.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
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Product
No. Agricultural
Crop Uses
Dieldrin 153
Aldrin 159
Endrin 37
Phosdrin 51
Insecticide
Vapona
Insecticide
Methyl Parathion 23
Nemagon Soil 49
Fumigant
D-D Soil 50
Fumigant
SHELL CHEMICAL
COMPANY
Agricultural Chemicals Division
SH ELL
^!^
*There are more than 130 species of nemn-
todes known to attack plants. Ncmagon and
D-D Soil Fumigants control most of these.
No. Non-Agricultural No. Pests
Uses Controlled
18 182
8 81
3 61
3 32
9 16
14
81
80
--
I
EFFECT OF SOME FUNGICIDE MIXTURES ON
SOD WEBWORMS IN SOUTH FLORIDA TURFGRASSES
HUEY I. BORDERS
Plantation Field Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
A new fungicide mixture was observed to control tropical sod web-
worms in No-Mow bermudagrass, Everglades-1 bermudagrass, Tifgreen
bermudagrass, and Bitter Blue St. Augustinegrass in South Florida.
The initial observation was made on 11 June 1964, following the termi-
nation of a test of fungicides for control of Helminthosporium-Curvularia
infection of Tifgreen bermudagrass which was conducted at the University
of Florida Plantation Field Laboratory, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The treat-
ments could not be rated for disease control because the grass was eaten
off by tropical sod webworms, Pachyzancla phaeopteralis Guenee, in all
plots except those sprayed with PFL-64, which is a mixture of 3 parts 50%
Captan (M trichloromethyl thiotetrahydrophthalimide), 2 parts 53% Tri-
basic copper sulfate, and 2 parts 75% PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene), and
those treated with Experimental Turf Fungicide-64, a mixture of 3 parts
65% Thiram (tetramethylthiuramdisulfide), 2 parts 53% Tribasic copper
sulfate, and 2 parts 75% PCNB.
Both these mixtures had been applied at the rate of 7 lb. per 100 gal-
lons of water per 1000 sq ff of turf. No sod webworms were found in the
grass in any of the replications of either of these treatments. There was
an average count of 20 webworms per sq ft of turf in all replications of
the other 13 treatments in the test. The color, ground cover, and over-all
appearance of the PFL-64 plots were outstanding, and the grass in the
Expt. Turf Fungicide-64 plots was almost as good.
To check on these observations, five additional tests were run on web-
worm infested plots of No-Mow bermudagrass, Everglades-1 bermudagrass,
and St. Augustinegrass. Single spray applications of PFL-64 at dosage
rates of 1%, 1%, 312, and 7 lb. of PFL-64 per 1000' sq ft of turf were
applied. Expt. Turf Fungicide-64 was not tested further as it was diffi-
cult to keep in suspension and to apply.
At all dosage rates, sod webworms were controlled for from four to
six weeks. A single application of PFL-64 at 11/ pounds per 1000 sq ft
on each of the three bermudagrasses, gave protection from sod webworms
for six weeks. At all dosage rates the grasses showed signs of new growth
within three or four days after treatment, and recovery continued through-
out the periods of observation.
Individual components and combinations of two components of PFL-64
were tested but did not give as effective control as did the complete
mixture.
Further study of the effect of PFL-64 at smaller dosage rates is neces-
sary in order to learn the minimum effective dosage of this mixture for
the control of sod webworms in South Florida turfgrasses.
The Florida Entomologist 48(2) 1965
HAS AN IDEAL PESTICIDE
FOR EVERY PURPOSE
INSECTICIDES combats a wide number of dis-
MALATHION-provides truly eases attacking fruit, nuts and
broad-spectrum control, with ornamentals.
exceptionally low mammalian WETTING AGENTS
toxicity. Available in all popular VATSOL useful in reducing
formulations for application in the surface tension of water in
any type of equipment. order to increase the effective-
THIMET phorate-provides sys- ness of insecticide and fungicide
temic control of many pests at- sprays and dusts. Available in
tacking corn, peanuts, potatoes, powder, pellet, paste and liquid
sugar beets, wheat, alfalfa, orna- forms. A 70% liquid formulation
mental and other crops. is marketed under the trade-
CYGON* dimethoate controls name of SUR-TEN*.
house flies up to 8 weeks or HERBICIDES
longer. Also used to control AMINO TRIAZOLE-provides
many pests attacking fruit, veg- outstanding control of Canada
tables and ornamentals. Thistle.
THIOPHOS parathion-one of CYTROL-a liquid form of
the first, and still highly effective AMINO TRIAZOLE which is also
and widely-used organic phos- highly effective against quack-
phates. grass.
FUMIGANTS AERO CYANATE-provides out-
AERO liquid HCN-controls all standing weed control in onions.
common insects infesting stored GROWTH REGULANT
grain. CYCOCEL- produces more
CYANOGAS calcium cyanide- compact red poinsettias with
controls rodents (A-Dust) and brighter colored bracts and
stored grain pests (G-Fumigant). deeper green foliage. Also useful
FUNGICIDE on lilies, geraniums, chrysanthe-
CYPREX dodine-effectively mums, camellias and carnations.
*Trademark Before using any pesticide, stop and read the label.
PESTiIDE -v--,MLM
AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1472
MEMBERSHIP LIST OF THE
FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Richard M. Acree, 1610 E. Osborn Street, Lakeland, Fla.
Warren C. Adlerz, P. O. Box 321, Leesburg, Fla.
J. C. Alden, Woolfolk Chemical Company, Ltd., Box 922, Fort Valley, Ga.
D. W. Anthony, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Disease Station,
Beltsville, Md.
C. D. Applewhite, P. O. Box 8464, Jackson, Miss.
Richard T. Arbogast, 3469 S.W. Archer Road, Gainesville, Fla.
B. Wayne Arthur, CIBA Corp., P. O. Box 1105, Vero Beach, Fla. 32960
John G. Ashley, P. O. Box 3, Quincy, Fla.
/I", Ed L. Ayers, 125-29th Street W., Bradenton, Fla.
John Bagby, Jr., P. O. Drawer 1272, Winter Haven, Fla.
C. C. Ballentine, P. O. Box 3751, Orlando, Fla.
R. M. Baranowski, Subtropical Experiment Station, 18905 S.W. 280th Street,
Rte. 1, Homestead, Fla.
William C. Bargren, 4610 Hawthorne Road, Tampa 11, Fla.
Joe P. Barnett, Stauffer Chemical Co., 308 Mission Hills Avenue, Temple
Terrace, Fla.
R. E. Bartnett, 202 Berkley Drive, New Orleans, La. 70114
G. H. Beames, P. O. Box 5831, 1038 Arlington Avenue, Orlando, Fla.
Elisabeth C. Beck, 1621 River Bluff Road, Jacksonville 11, Fla.
E. J. Beidler, Box 696, Vero Beach, Fla.
R. E. Bellamy, 2311 B Street, Bakersfield, Calif.
Stanley H. Benedict, Shell Chemical Co., 55 Marietta St., N. W., Atlanta
3, Ga.
Charles A. Bennett, 1825 North West 21st Street, Miami, Fla.
Lewis Berner, Flint Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
L. F. Bewick, 2118 Valencia Avenue, Monroe, La.
Donald H. Bingham, 146-42nd Avenue N.E., St. Petersburg, Fla. 33703
D. R. Birkenmeyer, 1317 N.W. 7th Ave., Gainesville, Fla.
Arthur H. Boike, Jr., 313 North West 35th Terrace, Gainesville, Fla.
Huey I. Borders, 3400 S.W. 26th St., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33312
G. H. Bradley, 3 Horseleg Creek Road, Rome, Ga.
K. E. Bragdon, Rt. No. 1, Box 86, Haines City, Fla.
Ted Bramson, National Exterminators, Inc., 328 N.E. 13th Street, Miami,
Fla.
C. E. Brian, Florida Agricultural Supply Company, P. 0. Box 658, Jackson-
ville 1, Fla.
James Thomas Bridges, 256-V Flavet III, Gainesville, Fla.
James E. Brogdon, Building "OG", University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Robert F. Brooks, Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Fla.
W. L. Brothers, 2437 Central Avenue, St. Petersburg, Fla.
A. C. Brown, 2700 North West 4th Place, Gainesville, Fla.
Roy R. Brown, P. O. Box 3243, Orlando, Fla.
Rue L. Brown, P. O. Box 369, Fort Pierce, Fla.
W. G. Bruce, 4218 Lambeth Drive, Farrior Hills, Raleigh, N. Car.
T. G. Bryans, 17 N.E. Avenue D, Apt. 3, Belle Glade, Fla.
John C. Buff, 6234 South West 57th Drive, South Miami 43, Fla.
136 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
Robert C. Bullock, 1706 Wyoming Avenue, Fort Pierce, Fla.
George S. Burden, 600 South Summerlin Street, Orlando, Fla.
/ Arthur K. Burditt, Jr., Ent. Res. Div., Plant Industry Station, Beltsville,
Md. 20705
Sanford Burger, Pan American Exterminating Co., Inc., 275 S.W. 6th
Street, Miami, Fla.
T. C. Burns, P. O. Box 274, Terra Ceia Estates, Fla.
J. E. Bussart, 815 Gamon Road, Wheaton, Ill.
F. Gray Butcher, Department of Zoology, University of Miami, Coral
Gables, Fla.
Russell D. Caid, United Fruit Company, LaLima, Honduras C.A.
W. J. Callaway, P. O. Box 310, Marianna, Fla.
Jose R. Calvo, Department of Entomology, McCarty Hall, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
R. A. Campana, 7866 Oleander Avenue, Fontana, Calif.
P. A. Cannarozzi, 1012 N.W. 30th Avenue., Gainesville, Fla.
Irving J. Cantrall, 1315 Las Vegas, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Thomas L. Carpenter, Agricultural Insecticide Company, Belle Glade, Fla.
C. W. Chellman, Route 4, Box 812, Orlando, Fla.
James R. Christie, 8420 Starwan Road South, Jacksonville 11, Fla.
Henry S. Chubb, 2447 North Dean Road, Orlando, Fla.
H. R. Clark, 2204 Boulevard, Jacksonville 6, Fla.
Philip H. Clark, 414 N.W. 36th Terrace, Gainesville, Florida. 32601
'F. Peter Clements, 1507 South Andrews Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Larry D. Cline, 3023 S.W. Archer, Gainesville, Fla.
B. L. Collier, 801 West Fairbanks Avenue, Winter Park, Fla.
P. R. Cohee, 136 Catoma Street, Montgomery, Ala.
W. R. Comegys, 615 Sheridan Boulevard, Orlando, Fla.
James R. Connell, P. O. Box 1192, Winter Park, Fla.
William J. Conroy, P. O. Box 511, Pompano Beach, Fla.
J. B. Cooksey, 3425 Cesery Boulevard, Jacksonville, Fla.
Arthur B. Corlazzoli, ABCD Pest Control, Inc., 10760 S. W. 3rd Street,
Miami, Fla.
James C. Counselman, CIBA Corp., P. O. Box 1105, Vero Beach, Fla. 32960
1Harvey J. Crawford, P. O. Box 4886, Patrick AFB, Fla. 32925
H. S. Creamer, 30200 South West 172nd Court, Homestead, Fla.
J. T. Creighton, Department of Entomology, McCarty Hall, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
R. A. Crossman, Jr., 106 4th Street, Jan-Phyl Village, Winter Haven, Fla.
C. H. Curran, 1302 Peters Drive, Leesburg, Fla.
J. W. Dale, School of Forestry, Duke University, Durham, N. Car. 27706
David A. Dame, c/o American Consulate, A1B4 ARS, Salisbury, Rhodesia
J. H. David, Geigy Chemical Corp., P. 0. Box 430, Yonkers, N. Y. 10702
Leland A. Davis, Dept. Entomology, LSU, Baton Rouge, La.
Robert Davis, Southern Grain Insect Research Lab, USDA ARS, Tifton, Ga.
G. W. Dekle, Division of Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Fla.
Donald DeLeon, Route 2, Erwin, Tenn.
H. A. Denmark, Division of Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville,
Fla.
Membership List
George W. Desin, P. O. Box 1744, Sanford, Fla. 32771
Ivan Diaz, 2204 N. Armenia Avenue, Tampa, Fla.
F. F. Dicke, Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Co., Johnston, Iowa
J. J. Diem, P. O. Box 324, Palmetto, Fla.
i. R. Earl Dixon, Peninsular Pest Control Service, 701 South Main Street,
Jacksonville 7, Fla.
T. M. Dobrovsky, Plant Production and Protection Div., F.A.O., Viale delle
Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
Thomas W. Donnelly, Department of Geology, Rice University, Houston,
Texas
E. H. Doty, P. O. Box 3627, Daytona Beach, Fla.
Curtis F. Dowling, Jr., 11545 South West 107th Court, Miami 56, Fla.
B. K. Dozier, 32 Corydon Drive, Miami Springs, Fla.
F. R. DuChanois, P. O. Box 210, Jacksonville 1, Fla.
Ila V. C. Durkin, 8190 60th Street North, Pinellas Park, Fla.
James E. Durkin, Sr., 8190 60th Street North, Pinellas Park, Fla.
W. G. Eden, Dept. Entomology, McCarty Hall, Univ. of Fla., Gainesville,
Fla.
R. J. Ellerby, 143 Avenue A S.E., Winter Haven, Fla.
Leslie L. Ellis, Box 983, State College, Miss.
K. C. Emerson, 2704 N. Kensington St., Arlington, Va. 22207
J. H. Etheredge, 221 N. Eglin Parkway, Fort Walton Beach, Fla.
V G. B. Fairchild, Gorgas Memorial Lab., Box 42, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone
E. G. Farnworth, Dept. Entomology, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Carl W. Fatzinger, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
P. O. Box 2086, Durham, N. Car. 27702
Irving Feinberg, Box 118, Sanford, Fla.
Howard M. Field, 910 Clearview, Lakeland, Fla.
vW. M. Fifield, 519 N.E. 1st Street, Gainesville, Fla.
J. P. Flavin, 2462 Falmouth Road, Maitland, Fla.
Hollis M. Flint, Metabolism and Radiation Research Lab., State Univ. Sta.,
Fargo, N. D. 58102
H. J. Friedman, 1906 North Armenia Avenue, Tampa 7, Fla.
Paul E. Frierson, Division of Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville,
Fla.
J. B. Gahan, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S. W. 23 Drive,
Gainesville, Fla.
William G. Genung, Everglades Experiment Station, Belle Glade, Fla.
Kenneth E. Gibson, P. O. Box 67, Twin Falls, Idaho
I. H. Gilbert, 218 N.W. 30th Street, Gainesville, Fla.
R. J. Gordon, P. O. Box 1025, Pensacola, Fla.
Ralph J. Gorton, P. O. Box 211, 322 North Center Street, Beulah, Mich.
Harry K. Gouck, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W. 23rd
Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
Guido Grandi, Via Filipio Re. N. 6, Bologne, Italy
V. F. Grant, 307 Interbay Avenue, Warrington, Fla.
Bill B. Gresham, 3904 Granada, Tampa, Fla.
William B. Gresham, 202 North Dale Mabry, Tampa 9, Fla.
The Florida Entomologist
Bruce Griffith, Jr., 16705 S.W. 301 Street, Homestead, Fla.
J. T. Griffiths, Route 1, Box 655, Winter Haven, Fla.
Joseph Gross, Route 1, Box 252, Odessa, Fla.
A. B. Gurney, Div. Insects, U. S. National Museum, Washington 25, D. C.
Dale H. Habeck, Dept. Entomology, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
R. E. Hancock, P. O. Box 362, Gainesville, Fla. 32601
F. W. Harden, P. O. Box 868, Fort Pierce, Fla.
Clifton G. Harding, 1307 S. 30th Avenue, Hollywood, Fla.
Don G. Harrington, 502 Hyde Park, Richardson, Texas 75080
v Emmett D. Harris, JAveglades-Ex-periment-lStaton, Belle Glade, Fla.
A. H. Hayes, 2929 N. Trail, Sarasota, Fla.
John D. Haynie, Bldg. "OG", Univ. of Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Norman C. Hayslip, P. O. Box 1351, Fort Pierce, Fla.
Edwin I. Hazard, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W. 23rd
Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
James H. Heidt, 965 North East 138th Street, North Miami 61, Fla.
L. W. Hepner,. Dept. Entomology, Mississippi State Univ., State College,
Miss.
L. A. Hetrick, McCarty Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Charles C. Hill, 13025 North West 21st Avenue, Miami, Fla.
Lester B. Hill, P. O. Box 551, Largo, Fla.
Russell Earl Hill, 1710 East South Lambright, Tampa 10, Fla.
Sam O. Hill, USDA PPCD, P. 0. 989, Gulfport, Miss.
Harry O. Hilton, P. O. Box 144, Shalimar, Fla. 32579
Frank L. Holland, P. O. Box 778, Winter Haven, Fla.
,Robert E. Holland, Box 8687, Orlando, Fla.
Harold I. Holtsberg, 1908 Oleander Boulevard, Fort Pierce, Fla.
William J. Horton, 1090 S. McDuff Avenue, Jacksonville, Fla.
Charles R. Howell, 1724 N. 16th Avenue, Hollywood, Fla. 33020
T. H. Hubbell, Museum of Zoology, Univ. Mich., Ann Arbor, Mich.
R. W. Hudson, 224 East Government Street, Pensacola, Fla.
I. W. Hughes, Department of Agriculture, Paget, East, Bermuda
\ Paul J. Hunt, 1719 Cordova Avenue, Holly Hill, Fla.
P. E. Hunter, Dept. Entomology, Univ. Georgia, Athens, Ga.
SWilliam P. Hunter, 1201 West Reynolds Street, Plant City, Fla.
Jack V. Hurst, Armour Agricultural Chemical Co., P. O. Box 3007, Jack-
sonville 6, Fla.
R. F. Hussey, Flint Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Roger K. Ingram, 1003 8th Avenue W., Bradenton, Fla.
Ellery W. Jamieson, 4011 Florida Avenue, Tampa 3, Fla.
Edward G. Jay, Jr., 404 Sharondale Road, Savannah, Ga.
Roger B. Johnson, P. O. Box 1177, Lake Alfred, Fla.
Freddie A. Johnson, Apt. 212 A Flavet III, Gainesville, Fla.
Delbert K. Johnston, 3965 N.W. 4th Street, Miami, Fla.
VCalvin M. Jones, Dept. Entomology, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln 3, Nebr.
H. L. Jones, Div. Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Fla.
T. S. Josey, 8824 Atter Lane, Jacksonville, Fla.
Vol. 48, No. 2
Membership List
Henry Kaplan, 6345 South West 4th Street, Miami 44, Fla.
Frank Karhan, 153 N.W. 56 Street, Miami, Fla.
E. G. Kelsheimer, Gulf Coast Expt. Sta., Box 2125, Manatee Station,
Bradenton, Fla.
S. H. Kerr, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
C. P. Kimball, 7340 Point of Rocks Road, Sarasota, Fla.
C. D. Kime, P. O. Box 877, Fort Pierce, Fla.
H. L. King, P. O. Box 1711, Sarasota, Fla.
J. R. King, 802 Texas Court, Fort Pierce, Fla.
W. V. King, 1336 Seabreeze Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
\-Gus Kirchhof, 1216 E. Colonial Drive, Orlando, Fla.
R. O. Kirkland, 919 Pinedale Drive, Pinedale Estates, Plant City, Fla.
Michael V. Kline, 1650 N.W. 25th Avenue, Miami 35, Fla.
L. C. Kuitert, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
E. A. F. Kuntz, 1413 Shirley Court, Lake Worth, Fla.
James A. Lanier, 11901 S. W. 68th Court, Miami 56, Fla.
Hamilton Laudani, 12802 Sunnybrook Rd., Windsor Forest, Savannah, Ga.
31406
F. H. Lesser, P. O. Box 1409, St. Augustine, Fla.
Richard L. Lewis, P. O. Box 2148, Orlando, Fla.
D. B. Lieux, 11000 South West 87th Avenue, Miami 56, Fla.
Orlando J. Lindo, La Calle NE No 805, Managua, Nicaragua
Kent Littig, 1765 Wilmont-Drive N. E., Atlanta, Ga. 30329
P. H. Mabry, Kilgore Seed Co., Plant City, Fla.
J. Magliocco, Jr., P. O. Box 5831, Orlando, Fla.
Frank A. Maietta, 17410 N.E. 11th Avenue, North Miami Beach, Fla.
H. R. Mangus, 5975 S.W. 104 Street, Miami 56, Fla.
Clarence W. Marshall, 713 W. Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga.
W. H. Mathews, 5302 Ashmeade Road, Orlando, Fla.
B. J. Maxwell, P. O. Box 3751, Orlando, Fla.
- Lewis Maxwell, 6230 Travis Boulevard, Tampa, Fla. 33610
H. S. Mayeux, 807 Citrus Terrace Drive, Harlingen, Texas
v.Vaughan F.McCowan, 1805--Ghuli Nene, Tallahassee, Fla. -- ---
David L. McCullough, 444 Oleander Way South, St. Petersburg, Fla. 33707
J. J. McGuinness, 74 South Street, St. Augustine, Fla.
A. E. C. McIntyre, P. O. Box 319, Princeton, Fla.
Don McKay, 142 174th Terrace Drive, Redington Shores, St. Petersburg 8,
Fla.
B. E. McPherson, 1641 N.W. Avenue D, Apt. No. 2, Belle Glade, Fla.
Frank W. Mead, Div. Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Fla.
Karen E. Meadows, 1705 Round Pond Avenue, Tampa, Fla. 33612
David W. Meifert, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W. 23rd
Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
E. P. Merkel, Route 3, Box 4A20, Lake City,'Fla.
G. B. Merrill, 203 North West 15th Street, Gainesville, Fla.
T. W. Miller, P. O. Box 811, Ft. Myers, Fla.
SA. S. Mills, 4771 North West 5th Street, Miami 44, Fla.
James P. Milton, P. O. Box 1193, Tavares, Fla.
George E. Minnigh, Jr., No. 2 Dover Court, Alexandria, Va.
139
140 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
Edward L. Mockford, Dept. Biological Science, Illinois State Normal Univ.,
Normal, Ill.
Emil A. Moherek, Jr., P. O. Box 516, Ocoee, Fla.
Phillip B. Morgan, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W.
23rd Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
Roger A. Morse, Dept. Entomology, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.
H. V. Morton, P. O. Box 12111 University Station, Gainesville, Fla.
P. J. Moses, P. O. Box 542, Lake City, Fla.
Gary A. Mount, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W. 23rd
Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
John A. Mulrennan, P. O. Box 210, Jacksonville, Fla.
John A. Mulrennan, Jr., Preventive Medicine Unit. No. 7, Navy No. 510,
Box 41, Fleet Post Office, New York, N. Y.
Martin H. Muma, Box 1088, Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred, Fla. 33850
Milledge Murphey, Jr., McCarty Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Chad M. Murvosh, Dept. Biology, Nevada Southern Univ., Las Vegas, Nev.
James L. Nation, Biology Dept., Flint Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Kenneth A. Noegel, 811 S.W. 11th Street, Apt. D, Gainesville, Fla.
Kenneth E. Nolen, 4907 Broadway, West Palm Beach, Fla.
Paul A. Norman, 1108 Coletta Drive, Orlando, Fla.
John Nowell, 2306 West Amelia Avenue, Orlando. Fla.
Bob O'Brien, 1661 Huron Trail, Maitland, Fla.
Lee D. Olinger, 1525 North West 34th Place, Gainesville, Fla.
George Olish, 145 Locust Road, Brookhaven, Long Island, N. Y. 11719
John B. O'Neil, American Cyanamid Co., 5107 Azeele Street, Tampa, Fla.
11. Eugene Ostmark, Assoc. Entomologist, Tela Railroad Co., Research Div.,
La Lima, Honduras, C. A.
Vernon E. Parker, 1019 West Broward Boulevard, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Alvah Peterson, 2039 Collingswood Road, Columbus 21, Ohio
Henry C. Petri, 3663 N.W. 7th Street, Miami, Fla.
A. M. Phillips, Big Bend Hort. Lab., Box 539, Monticello, Fla.
V. C. Pickhardt, 5502 America Drive, Sarasota, Fla.
v'John E. Porter, U. S. Quarantine Station, P. O. Box 1246, Miami Beach 39,
Fla.
A. T. Pospichal, P. O. Box 5388, Tampa 5, Fla.
E. Riley Prince, Jr., 5708 West Flagler Street, Miami, Fla. 33144
, M. W. Provost, P. O. Box 308, Vero Beach, Fla.
Daryl Pruett, Minosha Mission Zaha, P.-Bag 56, Southern Rhodesia, Africa
S. Ratanaworabhan, Box 14082 Univ. Sta., Gainesville, Fla.
Carlisle B. Rathburn, Jr., P. 0. Box 308, Vero Beach, Fla.
David K. Reed, 2120 Camden Road, Orlando, Fla.
R. R. Reed, P. O. Box 2721, Tampa, Fla.
Edward H. Reese, Jr., P. O. Box 299, Eau Gallie, Fla.
Leslie B. Reese, P. O. Box 299, Eau Gallie, Fla.
V C. V. Reichart, Biology Dept., Providence College, Providence 8, R. I.
W. C. Rhoades, P. O. Box 470, Quincy, Fla.
Paul T. Riherd, Box 247, La Feria, Texas 78559
Membership List
James D. Ringdahl, 75 South East 4th Avenue, Delray Beach, Fla.
Frank Robinson, Dept. Entomology, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville,
Fla.
.A. J. Rogers, 1607 Dewitt Street, Panama City, Fla.
Don Ross, 3715 Main Highway, Coconut Grove, Fla.
J. P. Ruff, 202 Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Charles C. Russell, Apt. 278-15 Corry Village, Gainesville, Fla.
Jack C. Russell, 530 Lakeview, Orlando, Fla.
Tony E. Rutz, 215 Indiana Avenue, Wauchula, Fla.
D. R. Sapp, Fla. Pest Control and Chemical Co., 20 North West 16th Ave.,
Gainesville, Fla.
E. Leslie Sapp, 2417 Crill Avenue, Palatka, Fla.
L. C. Scaramuzza, Central Mercedes, Matanzas Province, Cuba
Lester E. Scherer, 2030 S. Congress Ave., West Palm Beach, Fla.
Claude H. Schmidt, USDA, ARS, Metabolism and Radiation Research Lab.,
State Univ. Sta., Fargo, N. D. 58103
Paul H. Schwartz, Jr., 3384 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, Ga. 30326
C. E. Seller, 208 North West Avenue I, Belle Glade, Fla.
Allen G. Selhime, 45-rtrBeDriveB --t,-e6 L-ake-Alfred,-Fla.-
C. E. Shepard, 2038 N.E. 9th Street, Gainesville, Fla.
S. E. Shields, 2241 Saul Drive, Jacksonville 11, Fla.
James F. Shinholser, 5601 N.W. 16th Place, Gainesville, Fla.
Michiael P. Shinkle, 290 Coral Way, Jacksonville Beach, Fla.
W. A. Simanton, Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Fla.
F. P. Sivik, 1115 North 13th Terrace, Hollywood-by-the-Sea, Fla. 33020
G. D. Sloan, Route 1, Box 218, Tampa 12, Fla.
Carl W. Smith, P. O. Box 393, Winter Haven, Fla.
Carroll N. Smith, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W.
23rd Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
William W. Smith, 1947 North West 31st Terrace, Gainesville, Fla.
B. J. Smittle, 3435 North West 10th Avenue, Gainesville, Fla.
Albert E. Snyder, Jr., 811 West River Drive, Temple Terrace, Fla.
Elwin F. Spears, 207 Kingston Drive, Ft. Myers, Fla.
George F. Spencer, 5224 North East 2nd Terrace, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Neal R. Spencer, P. O. Box 131, Gainesville, Fla.
John D. Spooner, Georgia Southern College, Box 2203, Statesboro, Ga.
Carling H. Stedman, 8401 S.W. 68th Street, Miami, Fla. 33143
Carl E. Stegmaier, Jr., 11335 N.W. 59th Avenue, Hialeah, Fla.
R. H. Steinbuck, P. O. Box 5568, Tampa 5, Fla.
Lorin R. Stelzer, P. O. Box 516, Ocoee, Fla.
E. B. Steuben, Box 575, U. S. L. Station, Lafayette, La.
Charles W. Stewart, 1365 N.E. 135th Street, Miami 61, Fla.
K. F. Stiritz, 1620 Hialeah Drive, Orlando, Fla.
Alfred P. Stone, P. O. Box 6032, Jacksonville, Fla. 32205
Karl J. Stone, Dept. Entomology, McCarty Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
John R. Strayer, Bldg. OG, Agr. Ext. Serv., Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Francis M. Summers, Dept. Entomology and Parasitology, Univ. Calif.,
Davis, Calif.
George R. Swank, 200 Poinsettia, Sebring, Fla.
142 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 48, No. 2
William B. Tappan, P. 0. Box 470, Quincy, Fla.
Doyle J. Taylor, 314 Mission Hills Drive, Tampa 4, Fla.
James L. Taylor, P. 0. Box 12714, Univ. Sta., Gainesville, Fla.
John B. Taylor, 1801 Grand Avenue, Orlando, Fla.
Thomas B. Thew, 451-16th Avenue, East Moline, Ill.
W. L. Thompson, Box 1075, Lake Alfred, Fla.
H. A. Thullberry, P. O. Box 95, Lake Wales, Fla.
A. N. Tissot, Dept. Entomology, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
R. P. Tomasello, P. O. Box 6338, West Palm Beach, Fla.
Arthur H. Tomerlin, Jr., Dept. Entomology, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Kenneth Trammel, Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Fla.
Richard J. Trudeau, 6291 S.W. 39th Terrace, Miami, Fla. 33155
H. H. True, 438 North East 8th Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
J. W. Van Duyn, Route 6, Box 440, Jacksonville, Fla.
M. C. Van Horn, 4517 Peachtree Circle East, Jacksonville 7, Fla.
v William E. Wagner, 1955 37th Avenue, Vero Beach, Fla.
R. E. Waites, Dept. Entomology, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Billie Joe Walker, 3210 Clay Street, Orlando, Fla.
T. J. Walker, McCarty Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
Sam H. Walkup, Jr., P. 0. Box 2969, Orlando, Fla. 32802
H. K. Wallace, Flint Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
,-'G. Stuart Walley, Div. Entomology, Dept. Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
Brandt G. Watson, P. O. Box 725, Naples, Fla.
T. A. Weber, 1216 East Colonial Drive, Orlando, Fla.
H. V. Weems, Jr., Div. Plant Industry, Seagle Bldg., Univ. Fla., Gaines-
ville, Fla.
M. J. Westfall, Flint Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
A. A. Whipp, Ortho Division, California Chemical Co., P. O. Box 118,
Moorestown, N. J.
W. H. Whitcomb, -Dept. Entomology, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.
Albert C. White, Box 7067, Orlando, Fla.
George Whitehead, 119 Cibao Court, Coral Gables, Fla. 33134
Robert C. Wilkinson, Jr., Dept. Entomology, Newell Hall, Univ. Fla.,
Gainesville, Fla.
James M. Williams, P. O. Box B-716, Bee Ridge Station, Sarasota, Fla.
Dwight R. Wilson, P. O. Box 747, Jupiter, Fla.
Francis L. Wilson, 103 Lake Sears Drive, Winter Haven, Fla. 33880
H. G. Wilson, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Lab., 1600 S.W. 23rd
Drive, Gainesville, Fla.
John W. Wilson, Central Florida Expt. Station, Sanford, Fla.
C. G. Witherington, 3702 N.W. 22nd Place, Gainesville, Fla. 32601
D. A. Wolfenbarger, USDA, ARS, Ent. Res. Div., P. 0. Box 1033, Browns-
ville, Texas
D. O. Wolfenbarger, Subtropical Expt. Station, 18905 S.W. 280th Street,
Route 1, Homestead, Fla.
Henry Wolfman, 332 N. E. 55th Terrace, Miami, Fla.
J. R. Wood, Room 1524, 51 S.W. 1st Avenue, Miami, Fla.
R. E. Woodruff, Div. Plant Industry, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Fla.
Membership List 143
,Ralph B. Workman, Potato Investigations Laboratory, Hastings, Fla.
J. D. Wright, 1109 Pine Hills Road, Orlando, Fla.
M. L. Wright, P. O. Box 1413, Winter Haven, Fla.
Keizo Yasumatsu, University of Kuyshu, Fukuoka, Japan
William C. Yearian, Dept. Entomology, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.
W. W. Others, 826 Alameda Street, Orlando, Fla.
Frank N. Young, Dept. Zoology, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind.
H. C. Young, USDA, P. O. Box 132, Florala, Ala.
T. Roy Young, Jr., 2011 West Platt Street, Tampa 6, Fla.
L. W. Zeigler, McCarty Hall, Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Fla.
P. M. Zipperer, 4434 North West 13th Street, Gainesville, Fla.
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