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Institute of Nautical Archaeology
is pleased to announce the sale of
Tom Freeman's
naval and maritime historical limited edition art prints.
Proceeds from the sale of the prints will benefit the workings of the
Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
S. "Monitor"
; Prtftuize: 22" X 18"
:aii Cost: $115.00
' i. action Size: 500 S/N
m. "" \ n 11 nm
^ "Di 4i& i.Conguer" :
u..sCotistituion -
JPrt Size: 25.f/8"-x 4-' .....
Retail Price; $150.00
station Size: S'S/N.
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'*Y .I~irr
.~ Vm~
"91
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I.p
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S .*" "Arizona"
PrintSize:34" x25" ..
Retail Price: $175.00
: ,' Editioi Size: 750 S/N
- '. To view the entire collection go to- -,
www.tomfreemanart.com. Please contact
the Institute of Nautical Archaeology for any
prints you may wish to order
at (979) 845-6694.
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insideiNA
from the President and the Exec tive Director
Most of the Institute of Nautical
Archaeology's scholars and students
have returned from the field with
-... irtii, results. Mark Polzer and Juan Pinedo's
first season at Pijqi de la Campafia, off the
Spanish coast, discovered an early-sixth-century
B.C. Phoenician wreck. Part of its cargo is
elephant tusks with graffiti. George Robb,Jeff
Royal, and the RIP I crew discovered an amphora-
laden wreck of the sixth-to-fifth century off
Butrint. Albania. Deborah Carlson and crew
removed the last stone column drums at
Kizilburun. Cemal Pulak and crew excavated and
documented another amazing wreck at Yenikapi,
and John Pollack, director Robyn Woodward,
and Texas A&M Nautical Pi ilimi student,
Sam Koepnik, surveyed intact Gold Rush-era
riverboats in Canada's fabled Klondike.
The Yukon team, with the assistance of our
friends Pacific Survey and Epicscan, also
employed a three-dimensional laser mapping
system, and are the first to map a complete
wooden wreck with this system, a feat accom-
plished in only five days inside and out!John
Pollack, a professional surveyor by training, said it
would have taken decades to map by hand every
point the laser and computer did in less than a
week. An incredible new tooljoins the field,
and INA is helping pioneer its use.
Just back from Bodrum and Kizilburun, I
(Donny) spent time meeting with the Bodrum
Center staff, inspecting and overseeing needed
upgrades and repairs to the facilities, and partici-
pated in Debbie Carlson's ongoing excavation of
the Roman Column Wreck. I also participated in
important discussions I -..i il'il the p i...I.1' .lii of
a new INA project in Bodrum at the Yalikavak
site, whose mound of amphorae covers what may
be a well-preserved hull. Yalikavak's proximity to
Bodrum means it could be a .'rIlin .,Ii project in
terms of reaching the public, including the many
tourists who come to Bodrum.
1 returned to Co-ill Station to assume new
duties as the Head of the \ntil, ,l 1. :A, Depart-
ment at Texas A&M and to prepare for the fiscal
year-end with the staff as we also make ready for
the annual meeting in Dallas.
Meanwhile, I Jim) have been working on INA's
membership and fundraising initiatives. We've
also started work on a new membership brochure.
a .1', k.. for generating support for INAs
projects. programs, initiatives and endowment.
and a new look for the (Quarternl. Smaller, trimmer.
and packed with ... i;il. news about INA, the
Q., .* ,:' will also focus on how support makes a
difference, and why what INA does counts.
From both of us, and the rest of the team,
either in the office or in the field, we hope your
summers were equally productive and enjoyable,
and thanks for your ongoing support of INA.
\W-'ll see you in Dallas in October if not sooner!
Donny L Hamilton,
President
LI
James (Jim) Delgado,
Executive Director
Bronze weieght depctl?1mg
Alieria, ca. 11, ce/i ury 21
ftom len ikapi
http://ina.tamu.edu
IMAGE
Sengul & Haldun Aydmngun
Kocelf University Turkey
0
00 -Ait
.(It
-contents
MA.ii / 0I I H I I(I V AtA ( HAIr'. 1"
Crossroads of Constantinople
A remarkable discovery in Istanbul has
brought a *'cltin'rge'l of INA's experts to this
ancient and venerable city.
From Far Afield
Get caught up with the latest INA research
from the Summer 2007 field season.
It's a \Wrap at Kizilburun
Texas A&M alumnus Jeff Klibert and his
company give us a lift at Kizilburun and help
INA wrap up a monumental task.
ON THE COVER
Our cover photo was shot at the
'i- r:il:.hi site by Haldun AydingOn
from Kocaeli University in Turkey.
INA NEWS & EVENTS
Dallas Museum
Endowment Fund
INA's WHO's WHO
Meet your Board of Directors.
The Institute of Nautical Archaeology
is a non-profit organization whose mission
is to continue the search for the history of
civilization by fostering excellence in
underwater archaeology.
The INA Quarterly (SSN 1090-2635)
is published four times per year by the
Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
President
Dr. Donny L. Hamilton
Art Direction & Design
Blackberry Creative
Sandy Robson
Po Wan
Institute of Nautical Archaeology
PO. Drawer HG.
College Sadon.
Texas 77841-5137 USA
email ina@tamu.edu
phone (979) 845-6694
fax (979) 847-9260
http://ina.tamu.edu
The .,pint.In cx.prr.-d in INA Quirlrlrr\ .inilr-
.,rc &h i-c oI ihr .Iulh-r ii;nd d n.,I n rc-ma, nl
Ielte t. lite t -m. M ,1 Llte Ir,[iLjm e.
II sou are inleresled irn .ubmiring an an icle Ior
piihllit,, lin ple.i', i.rit~ Ia hr Edmllr .1
I 1.qi 'lJr iu t~du
o October 2007 Iy the Instlule of
Nautical Archaeology. All rigs reserved.
0 INA Quarterly FALL 2007
Executive Director/Publisher
Dr. James P Delgado
Editor
Kristin Romey
$7
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news
Events A--ouncemen-s Ce ebrations Oppo't..ni ieF;
We are pleased and privileged to announce the election and appointment of three new directors.
George Belcher I, uia art dealer, undersea explorer and filmmaker In the early 1980s, George led the team
that discovered the wreck of the notorious brig Somers, senl?.'2 of :he only high seas mutiny in U.S. Navy
history and the inspiration for H r in !l'N ~. .lvill '. novella Billy Budd. George worked with the Mexican and
U.S. governments to see the Somers studied and protected, and produced a documentary film on the wreck.
George, his wife Lan Huong Nguyen, who is also an art dealer and -taller. owner, and Their diaulgher, Lily,
make their homes in San Francisco and Ho Chi M ,ii City, Vietnam.
Clyde Paul Smith is a retired banker who today serves as a police lieutenant in WVa. huiv nri on1 D.C. a ell
as a director and special projects director of ( ]i, r Cussler's National MN.irinr Underwater ,-iTic'% N L.\1
Clyde participates in a wide range of NUMA searches, incllludinz the 131e i:inr hunt forJohn PaulJones'
famous Bonhmnme Rat:rn. Clyice also served as special projects Lni i.l'rr l~'r Cussler's National Geographic
television series "The Sea Hunters." Clyde and his wife Paula Michaels, a vice-president with MNIrg.ar
Stanley, live in Great Falls, V1reiinia. They have two grown children. Masha and Paul.
Dr. Roger A. Williamson is -irol'-'sr of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Iowa. A graduate
of the Baylor Co:ll1. g. of Medicine, Dr. illiamson's career has included a r',-yvcar fdell' 'r;ip in medical
genetics at the University of \W .aliinig. ri Roger is currently working on the development of a statewide
integrated first and second trimester screening for fetal abnormalities. He is also participating in the
development of stem cell therapies for muscular dystrophy, and the inactivation of muscular dystrophy
genes in stem cells. A longtime member and friend of INA. R.'- r joined the dive team at Yassiada. Roger
makes his home in Iowa City.
'Vt
FROM TOP
George Belcher
Clyde Paul Smith
Dr. Roger A. Williamson
Please join us in welcoming George, Clyde, and Roger to the INA Board.
The Wain Institute for Discover)y I\IDi, a foundation created bh computer pioneer and philantunpist
Ted Waitr. has generously granted INA $20,000 toward dthi year's field lproecT.. Together with fundli
froni the RPMI Foundation and [NA. directors, the \ITD grant has supported a varied of exciting unre)s
and excavanons, including the upcoming submersible survey of the Turkish coast by Dr. George E Bass.
Dr. Dominique Rissolo. the Waitl Institute's director of research, is an INA member, and conducts
research in submerged ca.es and ceotes in Cenrral America. Dr. Bass siit on the WVID board of directors.
a_, do INA research asiociare. Dr.Jerome Hall, Dr. Pilar Luna Erreguerena and Dr. (ordon P Warim
INA is working with Dr. Risoolo and WID to plan possible surveys in Central America. and we are
hopeful that other opportunities will arise.
The Wain Institute and INA share a common commitment to exploration, scholarship and outreach.
INA is pleased and proud of the emerging partnership with WTD and w.e thank them for their support
of the 2007 field ,eason.
-TT7 in 3 13mrj edu
FYldates
Annual General Meeting
October 18, 2007
Tradition & Transition
Texas A&M University
November 2-4. 2007
O
more
n e s Events Arnoncemens C- ehran o" n Onton *
at the Dallas Museum of Art
ThanL- to an idea rmm, and the genemus
spon-orship of, IINA drectrr Ned BosheU, a
l'ppI'lrrer of I oth INA alnd the DaJl., MN'1llll
of .At. Scholars from around the world gathered
in Dalla; on Nlas l'thl to provide he- public \\itdl
an o'r'rveu if wivrld Ilitors loavilts ilhlutrated
through -hip,'Teck disconerie; and nauiical
arclaeoloog,. The event. Shipwrecks Through-
out History: From Tut to the Atomic Age.
also included children's prmgrani-, sea shanty
pierf irinaiti:r', Iiii)pwrerk.related torlln f the
mu-etl.ims art collection, screenings of [NA films,
and a brook signing.
The peaked rs, Jar-ely drawn fro it IN ant l Texa,
.&MI Nautical Program alumni. included Dr
George Bass. \ ho spoke on Broriize-Age
'htipwre( k,, antd Dr Debl)rah Carknt'. who
di-cu-sed Greek and Roman -hips and cargoes.
Traveling all die %%ay from Stockholm and hi work
on the Swedish war-hip I,;i. Dr. Frederick Hkcker
gate a ralk on the seafarers of Northern Europe.
He \%a, fill, wd I) Dr. Rove'er Sinirli anId Cor>r
Malcom, ;peaking on earlk Spanish ship\\weck of
the Net, World ad ile sla.er nHiLrmia .Ianr,
repetti\ vly Foll, \int Dr.Jhli Broadwater' raJk
on the evolution of naaJ techn:logs. the da\
concluded witlr a dicu-ssion b% Dr.Janies Delgado
of modern "iconic" ship% reck ;lluch as the
Thanic'. the 1USS .iorma. aid tie "-nuclear fleet"
at Bikijl Atoill
Please contact us if you're
interested in sponsoring a
Shipwreck Day in your city
-we'd love to do more
events like these!
The DoadA.Fe
deads catuin ou wor i n his beauifu
*i man cotibtos toteIsiue
Meieraen Aditc an 5lc es er
the~~~~ edwetadapeDo'wis...
`U: kee th mgcofed koing
Whe Do5ryfrtvlnerdt oko h
Isite of Natia Arhelg. Up tothtpon
he~~~~~~ ha.enapyic5rf ,ntanacaooit
bu by 19 755fe atcpaiginmru
O INA Quarterly FALL 2007
FOUNDERS
George E Bass
Michael Katzcv defeaA
Jack WV KrlleC
Officers/Administration
Donny L. Hamilton, Ph-.D, Prsdent*
Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D.. ice Pre-idem
James E Delgado, Ph.D., Executive Durecor*
Claudia E LeDoILx, Chief Accounting Officer & Awistant Secretary
Michelle D. Ch melar, Asistiant Accountng OfGicei
Tufan U. Tu ranh, Adnminitrdtor, Burnun RnesnJh Center
Donald A. Fey, Ph.D., DevelopmenE Oficer
Board of Directors & Officers
William L. Allen
John H. Banrd
George E Bass, Ph.D., Founder*
EdMrard 0. Boihell,Jr.
Elizabeth L. Bruni
John Cassils, M.D.
Gregor M. Cook
William C. Culp, M.D-*
Lucy Darden*
Thomas E Darden
John Dr Lapa
Claude Durhuic
DanielleJ Feeney*
Cha rls P Garrison, M.D.
Donald Geddes II, Vice Chaim ian*
James Goold, Past Chairrman & General Counsel*
Charles Johnson, Ph.D,*
Jack W KeUlle Founder*
Gregory M. Kiez
Alex G. Nason
George E. Robb,Jr.
Cl)de P Smith
J. Richard SieWf
William T Sturgis
Frederick %an DoorninckJr., Ph,.D,
Robert L. Walker, PhiD.*
Peter M. Way, Chairman'
Robyn Woodward
Sally M. Yamini
Associate Directors
George R. Belcher
Ravynene Boshell
Allan Campbell, M D.
Nicholas G nHis
Jeff Hakko
Robin P Han-mann
Faith Hentscrlel, Ph.D.
Susan Katzev
William C. Klein, M D.
Selguk Kolta
George Lodge
An thony Marshall
Thomas McCaslandJr.
Dana E McGinnis
Michael Plank
MargaretJane Zemia Saglam
Lynn Baird Shan
Betsey Boshell Todd
Mary Tooze u
Gary A Weber
Roger A. Wdliatson, PhD.
ABOVE
Dr. George F Bass
Dr Frederick van Doorninck
BELOW
George & Fred (early 60s)
INA pioneered the use of
submersibles in excavations
with the use of Asherah at
Yasslada.
I n the circle
Ann Bass christening
the Asherah.
http://ina.tamu.edu
0
CRO$$I
by James P. DELGADO
INA has enjoyed an uncommonly close bond
..- with Turkey since founder George Bass led the
first scientific underwater excavation of a twelfth-
century B.C. wreck at Cape Gelidonya in 1960.
For most of the rirai-liilt-century of research,
"- however, the institute's activity in Turkey has
Sq'y ,1, been primarily focused along its A,\-,,r., and
southern coasts and around the INA headquar-
. ters in Bodrum. N.'.1. a remarkable discovery in
"r' t Istanbul has brought a contingent of INA's
Experts to this ancient and venerable city.
SThe Yenikapi site, located near the ferry
i terminals on the city's Marmara shore, was first
Revealed in 'II, 1 during construction of a new
rail link between Europe and Asia. Istanbul
SAri'il'-21nil1 ail Museum archaeologists quickly
-- realized they were looking at the ancient harbor
_of Constantinople. A major trade center from
Sthe fifth century until river silt filled it in around
the tenth century, the harbor, its stone walls, and
amazingly well-preserved remnants of the port's
..,.. ..- ..... *" activities lay fjI, -.'eleni for centuries.
* -. S ''.: Now one of the world's largest archaeological
s4 digs, the site is a beehive of activity. Each day,
hundreds of laborers dig under the direction of
the Istanbul Ai ,1hehihN .1l Museum. Yenikapi's
wet soils have revealed everything from the
foundations of wattle-and-daub mud huts from
the Chalcolithic period (4500 to 3500 B.C.) to
elegant Ottoman structures, and myriad artifacts
ranging from wooden combs and Byzantine
leather shoes to the bones of hard-worked
dockside horses and human skulls that may
have come from criminals whose severed heads
were tossed in the harbor.
Archaeologists have also found an ever-
increasing number of ship remains and anchors
from what was once the harbor floor. The first
archaeological examples of Byzantine rowed
ships perhaps warships as ,ell as merchant
vessels, some with cargoes, lay preserved thanks
to their burial in a thick laver of wet mud.
Istanbul ., h,-i..;.l? cA:, Museums turned to
Istanbul University's conservation department to
deal with most of the ship remains, but six hulls
dating from the seventh to the tenth centuries
were turned over to INA's vice-president Cemal
INA Quarterly FALL 2007
SO A D OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Pulak. With his characteristic attention to detail
and meticulous scholarship, Cemal, I N X archae-
ologist Sheila Matthews and the rest of the
INA/Texas A&M team have been -,, ilkini; for
two years in the heat and mud of the active
construction site in tent-covered pits to document
and carefully recover the ship remains. While
many of the timbers are x, ell preserved, with
original tool marks and intricate detail, they can
also be very fragile, with the consistency of wet
cardboard. It makes the job even more challeng-
ing, and yet the patience and persistence of
Cemal's team is making a ,lit r-iri'. r.
The Yenikapi dig is most likely the once-in-a-
liletime opportunity to work with a diverse
collection of hulls from this period. It also means
that, after careful analysis, the work at Yenikapi
should rewrite the book on Byzantine shipbuild-
ing, as well as the role of maritime trade in the
history of Constantinople and the later Roman
Empire.
In early Ri\, several I NA directors and
spouses gathered in Istanbul to visit the ongoing
excavation at Yenikapi. At the time of our visit,
excavation had revealed 24 hulls, making this one
of the greatest nautical archaeological discovery
sites of all time, a repository of lost and forgotten
Byzantine shipbuilding and nautical technology.
It is ironic that this rich collection of nautical
information comes out of the wet ground in the
midst of streets and sidewalks. "\\ h\ did I ever
learn to dive?" joked Cemal as he took us around
the site. It is a remark that is more than just
Cemal's quiet humor and good nature. Recently,
Texas A&M professor and INA archaeologist
Deborah Carlson was interviewed in the newslet-
ter of the Archaeological Institute of America.
When asked where she felt nautical .ii .-h.ieulu:,
was headed, Deborah spoke to what many of us
are now feeling. "On one hand," she said,
"technology seems to be driving some research-
ers into deep water, while at the same time dry
excavations of silted harbors... are poised to tell
us more about naval technology and hull
construction than we might ever learn from a
.il.IJe shipwreck."
Information from Yenikapi will continue to
1' 1 _-' i ,~ i
II ll.
come to light long after the excavations have
concluded. Years of conservation and analysis
will follow the ..I.;, and one day, if plans are
realized, a museum will rise on part of the site to
house and display the hulls and the more
significant finds. It is not certain how long the
excavations will continue, because at every turn,
more ships appear. The evening before our
arrival, Cemal was awakened at midnight by a
member of the team who brought him
fragments of wood from a hole the construction
crew was boring for a foundation. ":\ir these
from a ship?" he was asked. Instantly awake,
Cemal answered that they were, and with that,
the number of vessels at Yenikapi rose to
twenty-four.
Once the team completes their field docu-
mentation of hull number five, a tenth-century
vessel, and lifts it for the long trip to i i li tin for
conservation, they will turn their attention to the
next hull. This wreck, hull number six, is very
-,77Tp n.3 1rnu edu
FACING PAGE
The harbor of Byzantine
CO..iin t.or, hIcl, lr .
forgotten for centuries
and ac.:iJrentall revealed
during construction of a
rail link, is considered
one of the greatest
nautical archaeological
S discoveries of all time.
LEFT
Cemal Pulak explains the
intracacies of Byzantine
ship building.
LEFT BELOW
.,l1ghl and day hundreds
of laborers dig under the
direction of the Istanbul
Archeological Museum.
0
I-
I
o.
0
CRO$ROAD$ James P DELGADO
THIS PAGE
Upper
An INA/Texas A&M crew
excavate the remains of
a Byzantine-era vessel
at the bottom of a
cofferdam at Yenikapi,
Lower
This t-,31iruiJll, carved
head, found at the site,
may have belonged to a
doll or decorated a ship.
.iiiih i.Il. because it dates irom the seventh century. If it is as intact as the other Yenikapi finds, this
particular hull will allow INA scholars to reassess what we know about ships of this period.
Between 1961 and 1'i 4, INA's excavation of the seventh-century wreck at Yassiada, under the
direction of George Bass, carefully recovered the fragmented hull of that vessel from 105 to 130 feet
of water. The preservation of about 40 percent of that hull, even in pieces, allowed Fred van Doorn-
inck and, later Dick Steffy with his characteristic skill, to develop what van Doorninck calls a "reliable
reconstruction," with only the shape of the ship's bow in doubt. With perhaps even more of the hull
remaining at Yenikapi, we now have a chance to not only learn about the shape of bows and other
details that did not survive beneath the sea, but also the opportunity to be reminded of Dick Stefly's
-rt-iini iI4 magic way of bringing broken ships back to life. One of the great images he produced
from the Yassiada excavation is a reconstruction drawing of the seventh-century ship alongside a
pier. Now, thanks to Yenikapi, we have an opportunity to excavate one of these vessels, ironically
right alongside a pier.
The data from the Yenikapi hu1l, combined with the Yassiada hull remains, also comes at a time
when van Doorninck's reassessment of the amphorae brings a new understanding of the significance
of the Yassiada ship's cargo. The beauty of nautical archaeology is that we can return to the work
done earlier, look at it with fresh eyes and new data ti oni other sites, and develop deeper, more
complex and exciting interpretations. That type of magic happens because INA is supported by its
directors and friends who ensure that our work is done to the highest standard, and that what we
find is preserved and accessible for future scholarly reassessments as well as public enjoyment and
appreciation, be it in Bodrum, Istanbul, or anywhere else in the world our research calls us.
A stop on the INA directors' tour at the Istanbul Naval Museum provided
another reminder that not all nautical archaeology is wet. Since 1999, Cemal
and his students have been documenting a rare and unique treasure in the
museum's ship hall. A m., rii.i'- nir row galley a ship used by both the Islamic
and C'hi irian worlds as they traded and fought on the Mediterranean for
centuries, the naval museum's kadirga was a royal craft that nonetheless
embodies the form of the :-.'llr\ that fought in some of history's most
famous naval battles, such as the battle of Lepanto off the Greek coast in
1571. Cemal explained the importance of these ships and how the kadirga,
despite later repairs, most likely dates to the sixteenth century. As such, it is
most likely the world's oldest preserved historic ship.
G INA Quarterly FALL 2007
,mr._
fieldwork
THIS PAGE
Upper photo
Using LIDAR,
INA researchers were
able to obtain more than
160 million data points
on the 1908 sternwheeler
Evelyn in just five days,
Lower photo
The ghostly image of
this Klondike riverboat
reveals its many secrets.
FACING PAGE
Upper photo
Scanners are set
up in this remote
wilderness site,
Lower Left photo
Hulk of the 1899
sternwheeler Gleaner at
Carcross, Yukon Territories.
Bottom right photo
Project co-director
Juan Pinedo raises a large
tusk from the area of the
Phoenician wreck
,,r B:1. .I I, Campana
Photo: Piotr Bojakoski,
inthe
In July, a Canadian/American IN.\ team spent
sixteen days on the banks of the Yukon River.
Thanks to hard work and cutting edge optical
remote sensing technology, in that short time they
managed to obtain a detailed scan of an entire
ship, double the number of nationally cataloged
vessels in \i k: ii Territory, and collect a wealth of
new information and sites.
In the first phase, project director John Pollack,
INA researcher Sam Kocpnick, Doug Devine and
Carlos Velazquez of Oregon's EPICSCAN, and
Yukon-based Doug Davidge performed the
largest-ever in situ LIDAR (Light Detection and
Ranging) survey of a major vessel. More than 160
million data points were obtained on the 1908
sternwheeler Evelyn, now derelict and out of water
at ',illp ..iiI Island, a remote wilderness site located
more than 60 miles from the nearest road.
Welcome to the napping
reI oluIIionl... it is very
exciting stuff."
INA Quarterly FALL 2007
The team scanned the entire ship upper decks,
freight deck, hold and exterior in five days. We
then moved to Dawson City, where INA director
Robyn Woodward and Tom Koppel, a writer for
Archaeology,joined us. Here we documented seven
major sternwheelers lying above water at West
Dawson, and in less than a week doubled the
number of nationally ( ..hl,.li .- vessels in the
Territory. The team concentrated on overview
documentation on each vessel, and detailed
measurements on the nller and rudder systems on
five of the ships. Notable finds included the archaic
tiller-and-rudder systems on the SeattleNo. 3 and the
Schwatka, and examples of heavily constructed hulls
with large transverse timbers and kingposts.
The June 2008 field program will concentrate on
the Thirty Mile Section of the river, and continue
the search for more than 35 historic vessels.
John Pollack is an LNA Research Associate.
inSPAIN
Over the years, the site of Bajo de la Campafia, "Shallows of the Bell,"
off Spain's southeastern Mediterranean coast has yielded an array of
archaeological materials, presumably from shipwrecks, that are believed
to belong to three distinct assemblages-Phoenician I;an seventh-early
sixth century B.C.), Punic (second century B.C.), and Roman (first
century A.D.).
Over the course of six weeks, an international team led by INA
research associate Mark Polzer and Spanish archaeologist Juan Pinedo
conducted a detailed survey of the area to determine what remained of
the ancient shipwrecks of Bajo de la Campaila and to assess their
potential for excavation. The team collected surface material from an
area measuring 20 meters wide and extending 20 meters downslope
from the base of the shallows, with the vast majority of recovered
material consisting of broken ceramic vessels, including Phoenician,
Punic, and Roman amphoras.
In association with the Phoenician pottery, the team recovered four
elephant tusks, in<~ lhlii'i a particularly impressive specimen more than
a meter long and inscribed with Plioniian characters. Two hemi-
spherical tin inv';.: nuggets of lead ore and galena; pieces of crumpled
lead sheets; a wooden comb decorated with incised lines; pieces of
dunnage; pine nuts; amber; and a well-preserved copper nail and
numerous nail concretions, almost certainly from a ship's hull, were also
found. These materials clearly indicate that much remains buried of the
ships that foundered on these treacherous shallows in antiquity.
Excavation of the site may produce the first-ever Phoenician
merchant ship to be fully excavated and studied, which would provide
exciting new information on Phoenician activity in the region, their
trade routes in the western Mediterranean, and the vessels that carried
them on their renowned mercantile voyages.
SMark E. Poler is an LIA Research Associate.
. . . . . . . . . a
fieldwork
TOP
Ancient pottery in the
English Tower storeroom.
MIDDLE
Bodrum Museum of
Underwater Archaeology.
Bodrum, Turkey
BOTTOM
The Albanian coast
shows great promise for
significant finds in the future.
from
Tumbling down a reef off Kekova Adasl (Kckova l lan ,i along the southern Turkish coast lie the scattered
but intriguing remains of a ceramic cargo from a shipwreck dating probably to the seventh century B.C.
No wreck from this century has been excavated in the eastern Mediterranean, and despite its somewhat
less than glamorous cargo-ajumble of broken amphoras largely concreted to the seabed along with a
pile of ballast stones-two subsequent survey teams have returned to the area to recover additional
diagnostic pottery.
In June andJuly 2007 the humble finds from the Kekova site were seen in a new light in the English
Tower of the Bodrum Museum of Underwater .\l ih..r 1-.:',\. An examination of the artifacts raised at
Kekova not only confirms a date around the seventh century, but also suggests that the wreck ir.eli deserves
another closer look. We identified remains of amphoras and other ceramics associated with wine and olive
oil transported from Corinth and Samos or Miletus at a time when these cities were becoming key figures in
the trading networks of the eastern Mediterranean. Cypro-Levantine "basket-handle" amphoras, a form
seemingly developed in Cyprus and later manufactured in the Levant, were also identified. With its cargo
of jars from C.:i inih. the southeast Ae .t-,.'iI'. and perhaps Cyprus or the Levant, along with small finds that
may have trickled through the crevices of the reef, the Kekova wreck holds the potential to answer
questions of trade and economy in the early Archaic eastern Mediterranean-a dynamic period of
expanding. ,. i t ilii.il production in a pre-monetary economy and reviving international relations between
the Aegean and the Levant-as well as important questions about the typology and forms of amphoras that
mark this underrepresented period.
Elizabeth S. Greene and jmtin I-idiwanger are I \ 4 Research Associates.
in 1
July of 2..i7 was an auspicious month for RPM Nautical Foundation as we embarked on our first large-
scale coastal survey of Allinii Thanks to Dr. Ce i '~re Bass, who explored coastal locations a decade earlier
and formed crucial contacts in the wlegilo, this joint project with the Albanian Institute of Ari h,ie .l' u.g
(AIA) came to fruition ithr i.gh the efforts of many individuals, particularly Mr. Auron Tare. C. ,rilln.iiiri
with Drs. Adrian Anastasi and Neritan Ceka of AIA, the R/V Hercles began the survey at Albania's
southern border with Greece with the goal of completing the entire coast over successive seasons. The
survey extends to the 100-meter contour, and includes remote sensing with multibeam echosounder and
ROV verification, as well as dive operations along the shoreline. During this inaugural field season, multi-
beam coverage reached the city of Saranda, about 21 kilometers from the Greek border. As dive operations
are more laborious, only small sections of this southern shoreline were completed. A total of 15 wreck sites
were discovered during operations, with 14 of these being modern and buried in mud from the Butrint
Ri\ri: historic wrecks are undoubtedly buried below this mud and will require magnetometer survey.
One wreck discovered near shore dates to the early third century B.C. and carried Greek amphoras of
a type produced in Corinth and Apollonia. This site is on a steep, rocky slope and initial investigation
indicates areas of buried material. Conidt-r in. the nature of this site, the extensive individual finds,
and the state of deeper material, the submerged cultural material ;iloinl thie Albanian coast is relatively
untouched compared to the majority of Mediterranean countries. Based on this initial season, there is
great potential for significant finds in the future.
: Drj. G. R.. '. .t ,... .'.' cal Director
RPMNiautical Foundation
INA Quarterly FALL 2007
NOTE
INA researcher and Texas
A&M Nautical Archaeology
professor Shelley Wachs-
mann joined the DANAOS
project. a collaboration
between INA, the Hellenic
Centre for Martime
Research, and the Hellenic
Institute of Ancient and
Medieval Alexandrian
Studies, in late June to look
U for Bronze Age wrecks along
the ancient trade route
between Crete and
Alexandria.
Visit the "Latest News" at
www.eu-hermes.net
to read about the survey
results in their summer
2007 newsletter.
-itp ,: rOilu EJ, u
-WBOSfmEA
Ne"\ in paperback
From a Watery Grave
The Discovery and Excavation of La Salle's
Shipwreck, La Belle
JA s E. BRUSETH AND TONI S. TURNER
FOREWORD By T. R. FEHRENBACH
126 color and 13 black and \white photos help telU
the history of this seventeclth ceniun- shipwreck and
its recoven' over 300)( years later.
$39.95 cloth: $24.95 paper
Also available
LaSalle in Texas
A Teacher's Guide for the Age of Discovery'
and Exploration
P. \WHELT-.STRANAHNN; DVD) BY ALAN GOT NAR
Designed to. aicompanV the book Fnon a \r 'auey
Gniwe in an exploration and disco ery unit or grades
-8, rths guide includes a DT) and incorporates
srmidards rfor both ndriona social studies aid the
Texas Esscntial Know,\ledge and Skills. $21.95 paper.
with D\T)
TEXAS A&M
UNIVERSITY
PRESS www.tamu.edu/upress 800.826.8911
Fax: 888.617.2421
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