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11 t)

DESIGN PROGRAIV

ST. AUGUSTINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
RESEARCH CENTER

I -- -

ST. AUGUSTINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
RESEARCH CENTER

StevenM Schuyler

A terminal project in partial fulfillment
of requirements leading to the degree of
Master of Arts in Architecture

Graduate Committee
F. Blair Reeves, Chairman
Dr. Charles Fairbanks
Orjan Wetterqvist

Department of Architecture
University of Florida
Gainesville

June, 1979

I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ............................ ......... .
Site Location......................................3
Climate Data.................................... 8
Site Considerations ............................... 9
Design Criteria................................ 13
Space and Functional Requirements.................16
History of St. Augustine ..........................33
Site History...................................... 40
Site Photographs................................... 44
Historic Photographs and Drawings..................56
Historic Maps ..................................... 60
Design Solution. ...................................74
Appendix A Historic Guidelines for
St. Augustine 1563 1821 ....................

M

INTRODUCTION
IDuring the past- two years I have had the opportunity to
become well aquainted with the city of St. Augustine and its
preservation movement. The preservation program of the grad-
uate school of architecture at the University of Florida often
I uses St. Augustine as a field resource. I have worked with
the preparation of neighborhood surveys and become familiar
with the architecture. As part of a regional history course,
the preservation effort, its programs and administration,
were studied. For a course in preservation law I prepared a
set of architectural guidelines for the time period 1565 to
1821.
* The idea for designing an archaeological research center
was formulated while taking a course in historical archaeology.
As the value of archaeology in the reconstruction of a historic
site became apparent so did the lack of facilities for it in
SSt. Augustine. Almost all the archaeology is sponsored by
the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board. Much of it is
I conducted by field school groups from the universities in
Florida. Presently the field schools lack a central working
I and teaching facility. The space allowed in Government House
is not nearly adequate nor condusive to doing truely quality
work. The students are housed in a rundown house at 53 Cuna
Street in the historic district. The building should be re-
moved lest it fall on the students. A new facility could do
I much to promote archaeology and preservation in St. Augustine
and elsewhere.
The operation and administration of the St. Augustine
Archaeological Research Center would be multi-facetted.
11

Many state and local organizations would be involved. The
top administration and sponsoring group would be the Preser-
vation Board. Cooperating with them would be the City of St.
Augustine, the Department of State Division of Archives and
History, and the State University System. All have their in-
trests and needs, while each can make valuable contributions.
The Preservation Board has a full-time archaeologist, Robert
Steinbach, who unfortunately is tied almost exclusively to
administrative work. The City is interested in archaeology
for the range.of the entire city, not just the historic district,
and desires to have a full-time archaeologist on its staff.
The Division of Archives and History sponsors digs and surveys,
and can offer the use of special labs, equipment, and person-
nel. The State University System would benifit from a mini-
campus while suppling egar and dedicated field workers. A
Preservation Institute could accomplish architectural research
while promoting St. Augustine nationwide. The use of the
facility does not need to be restricted to state schools, it
could be leased to other universities toinsure near contin-
uous use.
The basic program for the St. Augustine Archaeological
Research Center has three main components. One is the research
center or laboratory facility, including administrative and
storage areas. The second is the field school or preserva-
tion institute with housing, office, and classroom space.
The third is the administration of the interpretive program
for San Agustin Antiguo.

SITE LOCATION

St. Augustine is located on the east coast of Florida,
in St. Johns County. It is 40 miles south of Jacksonville
and 50 miles north of Daytona Beach.
The St. Augustine Archaeological Research Center is
located in San Agustin Antiqua, a portion of the historic
district HP-3. The site is midway between the Castillo
de San Marcos and the downtown plaza. It incorporates
most of block 13. The borders are St. George Street to
the east, Hypolita Street to the south, Spanish Street to
the west, and Cuna Street to the north.

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Archaeological Research Center
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PROPOSED HISTORICAL PRESERVAI-ON ZON
D LOD SAINT AUGUSTINE AREA

Al fl" SANTAUUSIN AE

I -R

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SITE PLAN

Residencial and Commercial

Spanish Street

C?
I a

i \ Mai tenance
Sho s
1 Private Parking

H-----------

uan Vilialonga ouse Bartolome Villalonga House
Juan Villalonga louse

Scosta Ortega Benet
SHouse House Store

St. George Street
enet|

Cer er 7
*\\ Ie

no scale

CLIMATE DATA

1t 1.1

1q44. .

St. Augustine is located at approximately 300 north

latitude on the Atlantic coast of Florida. The ocean is

a major influence, helping produce a very pleasant climate.

Summers are often hot and humid with relief coming during

afternoon showers. Winters can be cool with temperatures

falling as low as the 20's, but normally warming up during

the day. Wind speeds range from 12 to 20 mph during the

day and dropping off at night. The ocean acts as a moder-

ator while keeping the relative humidity high. The air

can have a high salt content.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES AND DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL t I;-

I.uuty lI *I 4y M.. h Apt' May I. In. ly Au.... S|>ll Uctl Hvsl DI i A... I

All.j A! AII SA Ias A, AA1*
j i4. s i 1.0 1 ?. 3 i j I I 01 0. I 69,1. I
i >. 4.4, 34.1 U0.HJ 1.1.1 1 i .9 41. i. > I ;: L 4|.9M
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TOTAL PRECIPITATION AND DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL

tAIItsAwm FrIIUAI M(m r *m me n mI l A UU Mritu t II i Huovel* e I iadiirs *.m

ITEMPE E E EMES AND FREEE D A
l.b i 24 2 : J2 "32" o 2 8 o 24'or 20 o 16 K ig s

> I.91 IT I.II l -19 11 Vll -10 1. 1 1.1 al IwIo' 9 167 22,.?
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.,.'.. TEMPE1ATUIE EX*I'IEMES AND FREEZE DATA 4109*'

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I..*il .1 ,ln ll' lgultiIi i ol Flllal III ollillluIa ol l, Ib o, 20) '1 24 .,r 2 t 01 21 .>r 32 0or 2" or 24'or 2U'o I' I I k I 4
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lu 6-14 191 I-?o* na I l-2o! 19 -1 24i i- llz 3- i oI 11-1O 2 -s13o ll- 12-li l-l l l 2 iz- 11s #i| NOPE

I -

SSITE CONSIDERATIONS

The site presently serves a number of functions and
acts as a transition from San Agustin Antiqua to the rest
of the city. St. George Street as it passes the site pre-
sents a series of reconstructions, but no program operated
facilities. Visitors pass down the street from the district
to the plaza and other sites. The southwest corner has
Sparking for 60 cars on an open, unlandscaped lot. The lot
is to serve both the visitors and Flagler College students,
though between both the lot is rarely full.
The west side of the site has one residence, 45 Span-
ish Street, that sits over the site of the Ruse House. The
building is of no historical consequence and will be re-
moved for the Ruse House reconstruction.
The corner of Spanish Street and Cuna Street is oc-
cupied by a residence, 53 Cuna Street, that is used by the
I archaeological field schools for housing. The building is
in an extreme state of disrepair and has no colonial his-
toric value. It should be torn down before it falls down.
On the north side of the site is the maintenance shop.
SThe facility is on both sides of Cuna Street. Two buildings,
a block shed and a fiberglass greenhouse, are on the south
side. The greenhouse is inappropriate and should be removed,
while the block structure could be further utalized. The
building on the north side of the street was a warehouse in
colonial times and is of historic fabric. It is included
as part of the interpretive cluster plan and should be va-
cated for that use.
The center of the block acts as a service core and
**------------------------------ -----------

parking for the buildings on St. George Street. As pri-
vate residences and businesses they need access that is time
flexible, and unrestricted. Private service will need to
be continued.
In 1975 a Master Plan was prepared for San Agustin An-
tiqua, containing proposals and recommendations. The dis-
trict tour was divided into a series of clusters forming an
interpretive path. Each cluster deals with a different time
frame or aspect of colonial life. Map "C" of the plan in-
dicates the proposed reconstructions. The Juan Villalonga
House and the Ruse House are not shown, but neither is the
Acosta House and it has been reconstructed. The plan does
not indicate where parking for the district will occur.
Map "D" of the plan is for cluster identification and
indicates the path the tour will make through the district.
According to this map the block is not to be included as
part of the visitor flow, nor is it indicated to have sup-
port facilities.
While not indicating where support facilities will
happen, the Master Plan does call for their inclusion in
the district.
"Administration, research, and curatorial functions
are presently concentrated in Government House. How-
ever effective administration requires that most of
these functions be located in close proximity to the
interpretive area in the future. A secondary admin-
istrative office for Visitor Services should be con-
veniently located within the orietation-interpreta-
tion area.
A well planned and conveniently located mainten-
ance and utility area is required." p.134
The staff positions that would be responsible for the

interpretive program are the Visitor Services Supervisor
(VSS) and the Museum Education Specialist (MES). The VSS
coordinates the program and is incharge of the guide pro-
gram, including training, costuming, tickets, and cash re-
ceipts. The office of the Vss is currently over the silver-
smith shop on St. George Street, and while minimally ade-
quate is not ideal. The MES is still a position on paper.
It is anticipated that the job of coordinating tours,
school groups, and interpretive programs will be filled in
the next few years. When this occurs the present VSS office
will be much too small.
The proposals for the block set forth here are a bal-
ance between need and location. The site is on the edge
of San Agustin Antiqua and acts as transition to the rest
of the city. There is a need for support facilities for
the district in the district. As the program grows so will
the need. The block presently supplies some of these needs
though in less than adequate facilities. The links between
archaeology, interpretation, and maintenance are strong and
these functions should be linked together.
The location is ideal. Its proximity to Government
House and the interpretive program make it convient for
both, yet it does not intrude. By being on the edge of
the district, service access can be provided without a
great deal of intrusion into the district.
Certain other recommendations should be made for the
areas around the site. Presently St. George Street from
Hypolita Street south is open to traffic. This two block
shopping street would benefit from being closed to cars.

__ __

The flow of visitors from San Agustin Antiqua to the Plaza
and other sites would be smoother. A feeling of a later
St.Augustine would be enhanced, and could provide an inter-
pretive link to the present. Cars crossing St. George Street
on Hypolita Street are an intrusion and pose a danger. The
half block on both sides of St. George Street could be closed
while still providing good access to the flanking parking
lots. The parking lot on the southwest corner of Hypolita
and St. George Streets is necessary but needs to be screened
and landscaped. If Hypolita is closed to traffic the side-
walk space can be incorporated into screening and landscaping.
These recommendations could be achieved with minimum cost and
will render vast improvement to the area.

I

DESIGN CRITERIA

I The historic district San Agustin Antiqua, presents
special problems for the design of new buildings. As a
district of restored or reconstructed buildings particular
attention has been given to historic detail based on re-
search of preexisting buildings. Any new building will, in
essence, be out of place. If a new building is constructed
I it should read as a new building but one that is a plausible
extention of the historic district. The new building should

I pick up on the elements that characterize the district
while not mocking them. The St. Augustine Archaeological
I Research Center is a highly functional facility, no ex-
traneous detailing should be used to make the building
look Spanish. St. Augustine suffers from a false design
mentality that tries to make buildings look Spanish by
incorporating Spanish detail. This "Spanitizing" leads
to the introduction of elements that never existed in St.
Augustine, that are too ornate, and that detract from the
simple cleanness of true Spanish design.
The British influence must be recognized as a major
factor. They developed a nonself-conscious compatible
design by incorporating the best of the Spanish elements
I while adding elements that they were accustomed to.
Probably the strongest British influence was the wide-
I spread use of glass. Glazed windows necessitated the con-
struction of fireplaces and chimneys. More windows were
opened to the north, and heavy shutters and gratings were
often eliminated. Yet the overall look of the city stayed
the same.
___

* The St. Augustine Archaeological Research Center is
located in San Agustin Antiqua, a subpart of historic dis-
I trict HP-3. This area is marked for construction and re-
construction to the early colonial periods, 1565-1821. The
time period is from the first settlers to the territorial
period. Albert Manucy published a work on the architecture
Sof the city for that period entitled Houses of St. Aug-
ustine. This book was condensed into a set of guidelines
which are included as part of this program. The book
gives many examples of facades, elements, materials, and
details. It is the basis of many design decisions while
not being a copybook.
1 The intent of the design of the research center is to
keep in the scale and massing of the surrounding area. The
total footage of the program would make it out of scale as
a single building. To relate to the district the building
will be broken down into a series of interconnecting
buildings of different sizes and heights. Unity will be
accomplished by shape, material, and roof pitch. Func-
Stional elements of Spanish origin, loggias, porches, and
stairs will be incorporated. The reconstruction of the
Juan Villalonga House places the research center in the po-
sition of being outbuildings, which is congruous with their
function.
The field school housing will be placed on the site
I of the Ruse House. The only data on the Ruse House are the
foundation sizes, which are too small for the total program.
In keeping with the Spanish tradition, if a house was too
small it would be expanded in a linear manner, or outbuild-
a ings would be added. In this case both measures will need

to be taken. The main house will dominate the outbuildings
in size and detail.
An analysis of colonial St. Augustine buildings shows
them to be "modern" in many respects. They relate to the
climate and lifestyle, materials are used in their natural
form, and detailing is the result of functional need.
These factors will guide the design of the St. Augustine
Archaeological Research Center.

M 40

SPACE

AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

_ __ ___ __

LABORATORY. personnel

The laboratory functions fall into one of three types of spaces; administration or per-
sonnel, work, and storage. Each has interrealationships and proximities. Special require-
ments are needed for environmental control and security.
The archaeology program in St. Augustine is presently sponsored and administered by the
Preservation Board and will continue in that manner. The laboratory itself will be under the
direction of a full time archaeologist. The rest of the staff will consist of a chief lab
I technician, lab technician, artist, and secretary. Field school students will also use the
space and provide additional manpower.

S FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Head Archaeologist Office with direct access to lab and 150
Administers all programs and secretary.
personnel. -Desk
-Typewritter
-Files
-Bookshelves
-Table and seating for 6

S Chief Lab Technician Office with access to lab and secretary. 150
Responsible for operation of -Desk
lab, experiments, maintenance, -Typewritter
-Files
and storage. -Bookshelves
-Work table

I Lab Technician Space in lab or adjacent to it 120
Assists in all aspects of lab -Desk
and field work -Typewritter
-Files
-Bookshelves

II__________________________________________

LABORATORY personnel

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Artist Studio with direct access to lab and dark- 200
Works with all aspects of graphics room. Should have natural light
and has charge of the darkroom.

Secretary
Works with records, cataloguing,
and goes general clerical work.

Space adjacent to lab and offices.
-Desk
-Typewritter
-Files
-Photocopy machine

.1 __ _ __ _

I LABORATORY work spaces
The path an artifact takes through the lab depends on its material, condition, size,
and other factors. The protection of the artifact is paramount, for any procedure "when
I in doubt don't". Artifacts will come in waterlogged, rusting, insect infested, or in other
conditions requiring immediate care. The process can be broken down into categories;
I sorting, cleaning, preserving, cataloguing, documenting, and reconstructing. The process
is not linear nor all inclusive.

S FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

S Sorting 2 tables 3' x 12' with storage under 160
As artifacts are brought in they
are classified and recorded before
being sent to their next step.

Cleaning
I Different artifacts require
various cleaning methods and
S materials.
Wash and dry -Sinks with flush drains 75
-Screens
I -Drying racks
-Cabinet with heated air circulation

S Wood treatment -Soaking tanks 2 at 2'-6" x 3'-0" x 10" 50
-Chemical storage (a separate flammable
storage will be provided)
I -Vent hoods
-Table or counter space

I

SLABORATORY work spaces
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

S Electrolysis -Tanks 2 at 2'-6" x 3'-0", grounded and 50
Metal objects are freed of rust eial s
-Chemical storage
by means of electrolysis. -Table or counter space

Preserving -Tank 2'-6" x 3'-0", vented 50
I -Chemical storage
Various organic objects must be -Cink
-Sink
treated to prevent further decay. -Table or counter space

Fumigation -Fumigation machine, vented 50
Organic objects may be infested -Isolation cabinet, 2' x 3'
with insects that must be killed.

Documentation
I Written, drawn, or photographic
records are made for all objects.

I Written -Records are kept at the various work stations
and redone by the secretary.

Drawn -Sketches are made at the work stations or in 40
the graphics lab.
S-Plans and profiles are redrafted from field
notes.
-drafting station with 3' x 6' table
S-flat files, paper storage
-Reference table, 3' x 6'

I

SLABORATORY work spaces
FUNCTION DESCRIPT-ION SQ. FOOTAGE

IPhoto copy -Copy stand 80
-Fixed lighting system
-Assorted backdrops
-Table

I Darkroom -Chemical storage temperature controlled 120
-Sink
Black and white, and color film -ilm drying compartment
S will be processed. Limited print- -Enlarger
i Te s e wl -Developing tray sink temperature controlled
ing will be done. The space will should accomadate 11" x 14" print trays
be controlled by the artist. -Print washer
I -Print dryer
-Storage
-Intercom to secretary and graphics lab
I
Loading dock -5' minimum wide door with "barn doors" 200
I will be dire -Hoist, lift or ramp
A loading dock will be directly -Storage for shipping materials
adjacent to the lab space. Pack- -Dumpster, exterior, screened
-Workbench
ing of the artifacts as well as
field equipment storage will occur
I The space should be separated by
swinging doors.

Restroom 30

I

I
!________------------^

LABORATORY storage
I Storage for the facility breaks down into three basic categories; artifacts, working
equipment, and records. Each has subgroups and special requirements for environmental
I control, security, and access.

ARTIFACT STORAGE
The artifact collection has three facets; the dead collection, the current collection,
I and the study collection. There is also a nonarchaeological collection that will be stored
on the site. It consists of furniture, artwork, textiles, and other objects that are now
housed in the Government House. They pose a space and fire hazard problem while not re-
I cieving the best of care. It is felt that placing these objects in the context of the re-
search center will provide better curatorial care. The second floor of the Juan Villalonga
S House will provide the 800 square feet needed. The dead collection requires little care and
is rarely referred to. In order to minimize site use and allow for continued growth the dead
I collection will be palletized and stored off site. If a part of the collection is needed it
can be brought back and placed in the current collection. ALL storage must be in fireproof
S spaces.
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE
I Current collection -Artifacts are kept in boxes on steel shelves. 600
The artifacts from the most -Shelves need to be 12" deep and may be up to
9' in height
S recent digs, or digs being re- -Climate conditions:
investigated will e ept adjacent -temperature 60-700F (160-240C) with min-
imal fluctuations
to the lab. -relative humidity 40-6o0% with minimal
fluctuations
-light 15 footcandles or less with no
ultraviolet
I -air free of dust or chemical pollutants
changeover can be minimum

I

-j____________________

* LABORATORY storage
S FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Study collection -Adjacent to staff offices and reference 240
library
A range of artifacts will be library vice standard steel cases will be
-Park Service standard steel cases will be
S kept for reference and study used
-29" wide x 32" deep x 37" high (may be
stacked to 3 high)
-36" wide x 18" deep x 78" high
-Table and chairs for 6
-Card catalouge

Working equipment
I Space for field equipment, lab
equipment, and supplies will be
S needed.

Field equipment -Adjacent to loading dock, space for tool 120
boxes, wheel barrows, and screens

I Lab equipment -Adjacent to lab 60
-Storage cabinets will also be under the
counters

Flamables -A separate structure will be needed for 100
certain chemicals. It must be totally
I fireproof

I

I

II_________________---

LABORATORY storage
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Records -Artifact cards reference and cross refer- 60
ence card catalouge
The artifact is only as valuable e cd ca, louy
The artifact is only as valuable (1) 21" wide x 53" high x 29" deep
S as the records kept for it. Du- -Reports and findings vertical file
plicate records should be kept (2) 15" wide x 53" high x 29" deep
plicate records should be kept -Field notes vertical file
-Field notes vertical file
at a separate facility. (]) 17" wide x 53" high x 29" deep
-Photographs, negatives, and data sheets
vertical file
(1) 15" wide x 53" high x 29" deep
I -Plans and profiles flat files
(2) 44" wide x 53" high x 30" deep

S Reference library -Adjacent to study collection 250
A collection of works will be -Shelves for 2000 volumes
S-at 6 volumes per linear foot and 7 linear
needed for general use and should feet per gross foot 47 linear feet of
b availal alone with hr shelving will be needed
be available, along with other seating for 6
-Desk with seating for 6
records to the visiting scholar -Card catalouge
or archaeologist. -Informal seating for 4
I

I

I

I

I

*_.1________________________________________

VISITOR SERVICE PROGRAM

The day to day administration of the historic district will be handled out of offices
in the Juan Villalonga House. It will serve as the hub of the interpretive program and
include office space for the Visitor Services Supervisor, Museum Education Specialist,
secretary, lockers and lunch room for guides, training/conference room, and seamstress
I studio.

I FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

Visitor Service Supervisor Office space with public access 120
* -Desk
Has charge of interpretive -ew e
-Typewritter
program, guide training and -Files
co g, t t ad -Ticket storage locked 1' x 3'
costuming, ticket sales, and -Safe 2' x 3 x 3'
-Safe 2' x 3' x 3'
sales receipts. -Volunteer closet 4 sq. ft.

Museum Education Specialist Office space with public access 140
S-Desk
Coordinates educational and -Tew e
-Typewritter
school group programs. -Files
-Table with seating for 6
S-Storage for handout material

I Interpretive Guides -Training room for 25 people 320
-blackboard
20 per day at 11 stations -movie screen
I -A/V storage
-Lunchroom with exterior dining space 400
-tables for 15
S-counter with sink and refrigerator
-bookshelves
-Lockers 20 minimum size 8" x 12" x 18",
may be stacked
-Restrooms 2 at 50 sq. feet each 100

-m_________----------------

VISITOR SERVICE PROGRAMlVI___
S FUNCTION DESCRIPTION- SQ. FOOTAGE

Seamstress
Costumes used by the interpretive
guides are made by a part time
employee of the Preservation Board

-Work area
-layout table 4' x 8'
-sewing table with 2 machines 4' x 8'
-cloth bolt storage 1' x 4' x ceiling
height
-spool tree
-shelves and drawers
-Hanging closet 10 sq. feet
-Lock-up closet 40 sq. feet
-Fitting room (large) 16 sq. feet

300

FIELD SCHOOL

IThe work done at the field school is balanced between field and lab time. The entire
crew may not be doing one or the other, but rather small groups will be in different areas.
I The field school also has a responsibility for teaching and administrative work. Teaching
and administrative spaces will be separate from the living spaces. St. Augustine may also
I be host to an architectural preservation institute, similar to the one conducted on Nan-
tucket Island.
I The typical field school will have two instructors and a secretary

S FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

Office -3 desks with typewritters 320
-Files
An open plan office will suffice -ookselves
-Bookselves
for the limited use and casual na- -Table and seating for 4
ture of the program.

I Classroom -Table for 20 boat shaped 450
Classes are conducted in an in- -Blackboard
-Projection screen
I formal seminar setting. -Additional seating
-Storage for A/V equipment

I Storage -Drafting tables 300
The preservation institute will -Stools
-Teaching materials
need an area for its equipment
separate from the archaeological
storage.

I

H*___________________

FIELD SCHOOL

The work done at the field school is balanced between field and lab time. The entire
crew may not be doing one or the other, but rather small groups will be in different areas.
I The field school also has a responsibility for teaching and administrative work. Teaching
and administrative spaces will be separate from the living spaces. St. Augustine may also
be host to an architectural preservation institute, similar to the one conducted on Nan-
tucket Island.
The typical field school will have two instructors and a secretary

I FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

Office -3 desks with typewritters 320
-Files
An open plan office will suffice -Fiookselves
-Bookselves
for the limited use and casual na- -Table and seating for 4
ture of the program.

S Classroom -Table for 20 boat shaped 450
Classes are conducted in an in- -Blackboard
-Projection screen
formal seminar setting. -Additional seating
-Storage for A/V equipment

S Storage -Drafting tables 300
The preservation institute will -Stools
-Teaching materials
need an area for its equipment
separate from the archaeological
storage.

I

j_____________________

FIELD SCHOOL* housing_
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

S Dining -Multiple tables with seating for up to 20 275
Separate but adjacent to the -Outside tables with seating for up to 20
kitchen, with outside access
and eating space.

* Social space
A multi purpose recreation space 500
i for relaxing, games, t.v., etc.
Basic furniture will be provided
i for arrangement by the group.
Exterior spaces will play a vital
role.

I Laundry / storage -Washer 200
-Dryer
-Table for folding
i -Space for 16 bicycles

I

I

I

I
n*_______-------------

* SITE AND LANDSCAPING

I In colonial times the greater part of the block was open space and fields, unfortunately
that luxury can not be afforded today. The high density use of the site must be handled
S with care in order to keep the scale at a human level. As was traditional the site will
be divided by fences and walls. The existing parking lot will be redesigned and landscaped.
I A walkway to Cuna Street will bring the tourist into the interpretive area. The field
school will have its own parking lot. The center core of the block will be a service area
and parking lot for the laboratory, reconstructed homes and businesses, and maintenance
shop. The building lots or yards will be landscaped in the Spanish tradition of vegetable
I gardens, fruit trees, and flowers. A variety of texture in the ground plane is desired as is
maximum water perculation.

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Municipal parking lot -Provide parking for 40 vehicles 17,600
The presentlot is shared by the -14 spaces will be generous, for campers
The present lot is shared by the
or large cars
tourists and Flagler College. It -24 spaces will be slightly smaller
has 60 spaces and is rarely full. -2 spaces will be for handicapped
-Circulation routes will be paving brick
I-Parking spaces will be open pavers
-The perimeter will have a 6' solid wall
-Open areas will have low shurbs and palm or
shade trees

Walkway -The path to the historic district will be
paved with flush end grain wood posts and
crushed shell.
I -A shaded seating area will break up the
path

I

-*----------'_________

SITE AND LANDSCAPING

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION SQ. FOOTAGE

I Field school parking -Provide parking for 10 cars of the same 6600
The students and faculty of the description as the municipal parking lot
I field school and research center
will need a private lot.

-Provide parking for 12 cars on pavers
-Service area for research center on asphalt
-Service area for maintenance shop on asphalt
-Gate 8' wide, automatic opening with card
or preasure strips
-Walk space along residential side
-Dumpster fill from the core side, empty
from municipal parking lot

11,000

Service core

--

MAINTENANCE SHOPS

Currently the maintenance shops are on both sides of Cuna Street on the north end of the
site. One building is a historic warehouse that is included in the interpretive plan. The
other buildings are of marginal value. The grouping of all shops under one roof would be
an advantage. The adjacency to the lab will help in the accuracy of reconstructions and
repair work. The exact planning and programming of the facility is not in the defined
limits of this program, but approximately 2500 square feet of building space with service
access off the central core will be provided.

__

HISTORY OF ST. AUGUSTINE

St. Augustine -is the oldest continually occupied European
settlement in the United States. Its survival has often hung
by the thinnest thread, but has always held. Don Pedro Menen-
dez de Aviles founded St. Augustine on September 8, 1565 as a
Spanish military outpost. The Spanish treasure fleet sailed
along the coast of Florida before gathering the trade winds c
that carried them back to Spain. The fleet needed protection
from the British and French so that a line of defense with St.
Augustine as the northern most point was established.
The town was lucky to survive its first years. Pirates
and the Carolina Militia repeatedly sacked and burned the near
defenseless community. In 1672 work was started on a stone
fort, the Castile de San Marcos. Coqunia, a native shell stone,
was quaried on Anastasia Island and ferried to the construction
site. The fort was completed in 1696 and with stood a two
month seige in 1702. After that seige it was almost the only
structure left standing. The Spanish rebuilt more substantial
homes using coquina on the sites of the earlier wood and thatch
ones. A defensive wall was built around the city that success-
fully held off a British attack in 1740.
During the rebuilding after 1702 a distinctive architecture
evolved in the city. The Spanish had learned to adapt to the
Florida east coast climate while working with the native mate-
rials, coquina and cypress. The typical house had masonry
walls with large openings to the east and south and small or
no windows to the north and west. This arrangement allowed
cool breezes to pass through in summer while keeping out the
cold winter winds. A porch or loggia to the east or south

33

completed the plan. The Spanish considered the fence a part
I of the house and often enclosed the entire yard. The street
entrance was into the yard and not the house. Balconies pro-
jecting over the narrow streets were common and gave the city
a distinctive look.
In 1763 Spain traded St. Augustine to the British as
ransom for recently captured Havana. Many of the Spanish
left while many of other native populations stayed. The
British brought many changes to the city while adopting the

I best of the Spanish architectural tradition. Glass paned
double hung windows replaced the wood gratings and inside
shutters. The sealing of the houses demanded the building of
fireplaces and chimneys. The Spanish had let the smoke from
their charcoal braziers escape through the open windows. The
British built many new of wood frame with clapboard siding
and added second stories to many of the Spanish houses.
SLeaking flat masonry roofs were covered with pitched shingled
roofs. The balcony and loggia elements were kept and copied.
I The British occupation lasted 20 years and spanned the
period of the American Revolution. Many Torries moved to the
loyal colony from the north. A treaty signed in 1783 by
England, France and Spain returned possession to Spain. Most
Sof the British left and a few of the Spanish returned. The
New Spanish did not have the influence of earlier times.
I Other groups including Minorcans and former slaves tempered
change in the city. The town generally stagnated in a level
of poverty and disrepair.
I In 1821 Spain sold Florida to the United States. Pos-
session was taken on July 10 in a colorful military ceremony.
_

The Spanish troops left for the last time. The Americans
began rebuilding, knocking down deteriorated structures and
erecting new ones. A new group started coming to St. Augus-
tine, tourists. The word started to spread about the charm
and climate of the little town, though the real impact of
vacationers would not be felt until latter.
Conflict again slowed the growth of the city. The Sem-
inole Indian War of 1836 made travel dangerous as the indians
tried to force the white man out of the state. The Civil
I War divided the people. There were free slaves and new res-
idents from the north, some of which returned home. When
Florida seceded many youths went off to join the Confederacy.
In their absence a Union Fleet took the city and held it for
the duration.
After the war St. Augustine began to prosper as a vaca-
tion spot. In 1883 a railroad linked the town with Jackson-
3 ville allowing easy access to people and supplies. It was
during this year that Henry Flagler, a wealthy oilman, visited.
He was so impressed with the charm and potential of the area
that he built three grand hotels, the once de Leon, the Al-
cazar, and the Cordova. St. Augustine became a playground
of the rich and was known as the "Southern Newport".
I Time and progress were hard on the older parts. The
very elements that gave the city its charm were torn down
I to exploit that charm. A fire in 1914 destroyed many of the
oldest buildings between the city gates and the plaza.
The start of the preservation, restoration movement can
I credited to Mayor Walter B. Fraser. He saw that with the demise
of the older parts of the city would be the demise of the
I -E

tourist industry. In 1936 he presented a resolution calling
for the appointment of a citizens committee to investigate the
possibility of creating a restricted area for the recreation of
I the Spanish port. He also called for the securing of federal,
state, and private funds for preservation. The Carnegie Insti-
I tute gave its backing.plus.money came in from other sources.
The first efforts were to inventory the physical features
I of the city and gather as much historical information as pos-
sible. Recommendations were made as how to approach the prob-
lems of a historic district, traffic control, parking, histor-
ical dating, and others. In 1937 the St. Augustine Historical
Preservation and Restoration Association was formed with duties
similar to the present St. Augustine Preservation Board.
More money was allocated including $2500 from the city
and $50,000 from the state. It now became possible to buy and
restore buildings. During the period 1938 1940 Dr. Chatelain
prepared a basic historical plan. Efforts were cut short by
WWII but much research had been accomplished. Archaeological
investigations led to the mapping of the old city defenses.
A zoning ordinance had been passed giving the city authority
to enforce the preservation of historic landmarks.
In June of 1959 House Bill 774 was passed establishing
the St Augustine Historical Restoration and Preservation
Commission and granting it $150,000. The purpose and function
of the commissionwas to acquire restore, preserve, maintain,
reconstruct, reproduce, and operate for the use, benefit, ed-
Iucation, recreation, enjoyment, and general welfare of the
people of this state and nation certain ancient or historic
landmarks, sites, cemeteries, graves, military works, mon-

uments, locations,- remains, buildings, and other objects of
Historical or antiquarian interest of the City of St. Augus-
tine, Florida, and the surrounding territory." In 1962 St.
SAugustine Restoration, Inc. a non-profit foundation was formed
to recieve private donations and further the project. The
SCommission, now -the Preservation Board continues to work with
various organizations, including the St. Augustine Historical
Society, the National Park Service, and the Catholic Church
to further the research and accomplish the goals of the
I Board.
In the first eleven years more than $2,000,000 has been
spent by the Board and Corporation to acquire property and
undertake restorations. The high degree of authenticity re-
quired has demanded the training and employment of a special
construction crew. More than 29 buildings have been restored
or reconstructed by the Board, with private groups and indi-
viduals adding at least twelve more.
Archaeology has been an important tool in the process.
I Building locations have been verified, reaffirming the accu-
racy of some of the historic maps. Artifacts have helped to
date buildings and give an insight as to how the inhabitants
lived, what they made, owned and ate. Hardly any area of
I the city will not reveal some aspect of the lives of the early
settlers. The research and digging are an ongoing process
with more material being added to the collections each year.
It is to the point that artifacts are being reburied on the
original sites as a means to store them.
Preservation work will continue indefinitely in St.
Augustine. The plans for the restored district, San Agustin
*I_________________________________________

Antiguo, are- only slowly, piece by piece, being realized.
New districts and established neighborhoods are being formed.
People realize that the early Spanish architecture is not
the only one worth preserving. As St. Augustine enters the
1980s the preservation effort is moving at a faster pace in
a more organized manner and should continue to do so.

__

Bibliography

Haas, Irwin. America's Historic Villages and Restorations
N.Y., N.Y., Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.

Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board. Guidebook
Florida, Department of State, 1971.

Manucy, Albert. The Houses of St.Augustine (Notes on the
Architecture From 1565 to 1821). Jacksonville, Florida,
Convention Press, 1962.

M ......

SITE HISTORY

I The history of St. Augustine is long and rich, and
fortunately for the researcher well documented. As a
military outpost good records were maintained for the gar-
rison. Church records are accurate and often very complete.
SCivil records, deeds, tax assessments, and others are often
found intact. The city was frequently mapped, some of the
maps are sketchy while others are extremely accurate. In
combination much chronological information about the build-
ings can be found.
For the purposes of reconstructing buildings on their
sites, maps and their accompanying descriptions give the
greatest amount of information. Photographs of some
buildings are also useful. The very early maps were done
as sketches of the city and only show the relation of major
elements and often do not delineate the buildings. When
I the city changed hands in 1764 detailed maps were drawn for
assessment purposes. The most accurate historical maps were
drawn in 1788 by de la Rocque. Archaeology has confirmed
the accuracy of de la Rocque maps. so that other maps
are compared to them.
The block now contains four reconstructed buildings
on or as close to the original foundations as possible.
A problem with reconstructing on the foundations arises
from the fact that Spanish houses were built on the street
line, and that since Spanish times the streets have moved.
The two buildings, with outbuildings, that will be re-
constructed for the St. Augustine Archaeological Research
Center are found to have existed as early as 1763.
_ m

Confusion can arise from the different numbering systems
used at different times to label the lots, blocks, or
buildings. To simplify matters for the program,the two
houses will be given names corresponding to significant
occupants of the house. The Juan Villalonga House is on
the southeast corner of the site, at the intersection of
St. George Street and Hypolita Street. The Ruse House is
on the northwest corner of the site on Spanish Street.
Both houses are shown on the 1763 maps. The buildings
are also on the 1764 Piano De La R1. Fuerza Baluartes Y
Linea de la St. Agustin de Florida, and 17614 survey done
by Don John de Solis. The 1764 Puentes map shows both build-
ings as being on block G. The Juan Villalonga House is
numbered 103 and the corresponding description calls it a
stone house of the Heirs of Don Pedro Horruitiner. The
Ruse House could be lot 102 but another lot 102 is indi-
cated in sequence. The description only lists four struc-
tures compared to the maps five, and so a description is
lacking.
The de la Rocque map and description of 1788 has both
houses as part of square 10. The Juan Villalonga House,
on lot 70, is described as follows,
"1 story house of stonework; in good condition. Owned
by Juan Villalonga, who has deed to it and the land."
The Ruse House, on lot 69, is described as follows,
"Rubble-work masonry house, one story in part, in
fair condition, and lot of Alberto Ruse, with deed."
In interpreting the description it must be remembered that
a one story building was really two story. The plan also
shows the basic room divisions, and by the use of shading

I

what areas were enclosed and what parts were loggias or
balconies.
A map from 1833 shows the start of development of the
block, with the original structures still intact. Beginning
in June 1884 Sanborn Insurance Maps became available and
document the rapid change on the block. The Ruse House
is indicated on all the maps and still exists today in lo-
cation and configuration. The present building appears to
have been built on eariler foundations, though this is only
speculation and requires further research. The Juan Villa-
longa House last appears on the June 1888 Sanborn Map and
records show that it was sold to Henry Flagler in 1890.
It had been owned by the Presbyterian Church and had been
used as a parish house. Henry Flagler purchased the site
to build St. Augustine a new city hall. The city hall stood
until 1973 when the site was cleared as part of San Agustin
Antiqua reconstruction.
A more thorough history of the site as to its owmers,
deeds, and personal histories may be obtained by studying the
historical files maintained by the St. Augustine Historical
Preservation Board in the Government House.
Presently the site is in near total state ownership
with the exception of lots 1 and 10. Lot 1 is the site of
the Ruse House and is owned by Alberta Young Singleton
(Trustee). The house on that site is listed as a private
residence beginning date of post 1884. This two story frame
vernacular is on brick piers and sports a gable roof with
asbestos shingles and corrugated metal roofing, two chimneys,
double hung one over one sash, a turned spindle porch frieze,

jigsaw brackets and rafters, and chanfered posts. Its
altered state has left it with no historical value.
Along St. George Street four colonial buildings have
been reconstructed. From north to south they are: the
Benet Store, used as an interpretive store; the Nicolas
de Ortega House, a private residence; the Bartolome Villa-
longa House, a private residence; and the Jorge Acosta
House, an accountants office. The addition of the recon-
structed Juan Villalonga House would complete the colonial
street scene.

I _

SITE

PHOTOGRAPHS

IlI

J1
-.L-

--.- ---canirrz r....~Y,4tw 7 :.' I ..r .r .-j;
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' .... . : . ,/ t ii . + + . + - ,.

The site from St. George Street at Hypolila Street

-a-

~~I6 W U -
4 .-. -.*
-N-- ''4.-

SSite of the Juan Villalonga House reconstruction

I

I 45

I 1 ;

.010,11 11.111'

I Site of the Juan Villalonga House reconstruction

I

I-4

I

St. George Street the Pan American Center

I

U:: Vi i' V a:
.4. 4 ~ 4 ~
~i .4. :

74 St. George Street Jorge Acosta House, accountants office

I - --~-----I

St. George Street north of Hypolita Street

m A %I

62 St. George Street Benet Store

I -

70 St. George Street Nicolas de Ortega House
I

S50

St. George Street Benet House
I

51

Hypolita Street at St. George Street Spanish tourist
information center

I

----------
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Cuna Street from St. George Street to Spanish Street

I -

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Spanish Street at Cuna Street

I - --- -

45 Spanish Street house to be removed for the recon-
struction of the Ruse House

55

I

...

53 Cuna Street house to be removed, presently the field
school housing

I

HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS AND
-~'r li~e - -- ---.sr

I ---.

I
J --- ---- --J-.-. --
H-~ 1-t -''T1j; '

.The Presbyterian Parsonage.
The Juan Villalonga House St. George Street

facade

-I -

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___________________ '~'r~ -the.

~ 35 9

HISTORIC MAPS

Much of the history of the site can be found on
historic maps. Each time the city changed hands maps
were drawn for assessment purposes. Starting in 1884
Sanborn Insurance Maps were rawn for the city.
Of the early maps the 1788 de la Rocque Map is the
most accurate. Its dimensions have been verified by
archaeological research.

.

TA IT G IT S T I E

.dh eVAPr 2-A L of

EAST FLORID )A.

6fo Fect or i Furlong.
,w -' -P, NO.

1763
Drawn by Thomas Jeffreys
for William Roberts
Reproduced in 1965 by
Historic Urban Plans
Ithica, New York A

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173

ST. AUGUSTINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTER

STEVEN M SCHUYLER
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
JUNE 1979

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APPENDIX A

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HISTORIC GUIDELINES for
ST. AUGUSTINE
15665 1821

STEVEN M SCHUYLER
March 1979
Prepared for ARC 6860 Preservation Law
University of Florida, Gainesvi.ll

3. COLONIAL BUILDINGS
IN ST. AUGUSTINE
Although most of these buildings have
undergone changes required hy suc-
cessive occupants, each retrins sig-
nificant stncloral elements dating
from colonial times

I Castillo de San Mnatos
2 City (;ate
S1I St George
4 46 St (;erge
5 39 St ;eorge
6 52 St George
7. 43 St Gcorge
B 54 St George
9. 42 Spanish
10 65 St George
II 62 Spanish
12 105 St George
I1 42 Avenidla Mennle7 if.rlola.
tions rltly)
14 57 Treasturt
15 144 S( coge
16 101 C(harltite
17 .16 AveenidM enldez (a 19il
reconstrii(ttin)
IR Cathedral of St Agostine
19 (iovernol Holise
20 Market- 124
21 Trinity Episopal ( hu.rclh I25
22 214 St (,eorge
2, 224 St. (,cnrge
24 17 Aviles
25 16 Marie -re-retted
26 20 Avilfs
27 20 ( hat lrte
28 12 Avils
29 6 Avilcs
30 46 Bridge
31 250 Str (;~ir
32 4I Marine
1 45 Marine
34 56 Marine
35 279 St George
36 1I St Francis
17 22 St rantis
38 14 St Frantis (Ol.est I Hose
19 St FIancis barracks
40 Kings Bakery

CONTENTS

Preface ............................................

Introduction .......................................

Site Plan s .........................................

House Plans .....................................

Commomon Plan .....................................

Evolution of the Wing Plan............... .........

Wing Plan. .........................................

St. Augustine Plan.................................

Facades ....................... ......... .........

F en ces .. .............................. .............

G a t es ... .. ..... .. .... .. .. .. ... .. .... .. ... .. .. .. .

Doors ..............................................

Windows ................. ........... ..............

Balconies .........................................

Loggias ............... ......... .................

Stairs. ............................................

Chimneys ...........................................

Dormers........................................... ..

Roofs ...................... .......................

W a lls ........................... ...................

Finishes. ..........................................

Landscaping ............................... .........

''

......... III

........ .IV

.......... .1

........... 2

........... 2

. . . . . .

..... .....

. . . . . .5

.......... 12

.......... 13

. . . . . 1 5

.......... 17

.. ... .... 19
..... ... 20

.......... 21
.......... 21

.......... 22

.......... 25

.......... 28

.......... 29

PREFACE

17. THE MANUCY HOUSE
It was a yellow house on the northeast corner of
St. George and Cuna Streets

Any city with historic districts and landmarks wanting to
preserve the character and style of the existing architecture is
faced with the problem of deciding what styles and details are
correct. It is a problem for the city, the architect, the building
owner, and the contractor. Often the decision of what is appro-
priate or not is left to a board of review. Without a fixed set
of standards all parties are left trying to interpret a vague
generality. This is the position St. Augustine is in today.
The present code states that new construction, restorations,
remodeling, and repairs be done in the St. Augustine style as
described in Albert Manucy's book Houses of St. Augustine. The
book has a cut off date of 1821, the time at which Florida became
a territory. St. Augustine's architecture went through further
distinct periods all of which are as valid as the early Spanish
and British. These other periods need to be addressed. Another
problem with the code is the lack of definition or plan of what
should be accomplished in each district, or at least what time
period should be adhered to.
It is beyond the scope of this exersize to prepare a city plan
and give guidelines for all the time periods, though both things
need to be done. Rather a set of guidelines and examples will
be set forth for the time period 1565 to 1821 based on Houses
of St. Augustine.

INTRODUCTION

1. THE ST. AUGUSTINE LOOK

HISTORIC GUIDELINES FOR ST. AUGUSTINE 1565 1821

The purpose of this guide is to help the individual in the
designing or altering of buildings in the historic districts.
,It is the basis for what the review board will consider appro-
priate or not. It by no means contains all elements that are
correct, and may contain some that are not. It is not a copy
book, but rather a means to define the St. Augustine Style and
serve as a design aid.
The guide is organized into sections dealing with different
aspects of the building. The time frame dealt with has periods
relating to Spanish and British occupancy of the city. The
Spanish developed a distinct style which the British adopted
and modified to their wishes while adding buildings of their
own design. As elements are presented they are put in historical
context.
To understand the St. Augustine style a brief history of the
city must be given. Founded as a military outpost in 1565 the
city has known more hard times than good. The inhabitants were
poor, relying on government subsidy to maintain a merger existence.
By 1702 the town had been sacked or burned six times leaving only
the Castillo de San Marcos in tact. After 1702 a renaissance of
sorts occurred. The towns defences were completed and more sub-
stantial buildings were put up to replace the wood and thatch
huts that had been lost. It is at this time the St. Augustine
style really develops. Nearly one hundred and fifty years of
living on the Florida coast taught the Spanish how to adapt to

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the climate and the native materials. South and east exposures
with a solid wall to the north gave the best year round comfort.
Coquina and cypress provided durable and easily worked materials.
The town changed hands in 1763 when a treaty gave it to the
British. Most of the Spaniards moved out while the rest of the
population stayed. The British made changes and modifications
in the existing structures. New buildings were put up in British
tradition, yet many were build with Spanish design criteria.
The British left in 1784 as the result of another treaty and
some of the Spanish returned. The makeup of the city was so
diverse that the Spanish did not have the influence as before.
By 1821 when Florida became a United States Territory it was pro-
gressing much as any frontier town.

4. DETAIL FROM MAP OF ST. AUGUSTINE ABOUT 1593

SITE PLANS
The Rocque Map of 1788 gives
much information as to the site
layout, plans, materials, and
sizes. The map is accurate
enough to get good, close di-
mensions, and has been con-
firmed by archaeology.

The realation to the
street reflected a social
function.
-the building line was on the
street line.
-the entrance to the house is
through a gate into the yard.
-the fence is an extension of
the house and encloses the site.
-fences divide the yard into
functions.
-the orientation of the house
was normally south or east.
-the north wall was commonly
blank.
-the British made doorways
directly into the street.

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19. A SECTION FROM ROCQUE'S MAP
This facsimile shows the detail house plan, outbuildings, property
and fence lines found on the royal engineer's map of 1788.

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HOUSE PLANS
There are three basic plan St. At
types in St. Augustine; the
common plan, the wing plan, and
the St. Augustine plan.

COMIVON PLAN
Common plan houses were almost
the same for Spanish and British.
They were one room or subdivided.
They grew and expanded with the Common Pan
fortunes of the owner. o0%

20. TIE THREE PLAN TYPES

A B

BASIC
PLAN i

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S S

The Common Plan

lusbine Plan D
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--VWng Plan
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L 21. THE "COMMON PLAN"
Simple bedroom-and-kitchen type
A -- C: one-cell examples
I) G: examples of two or mole cells
H -- J: partitioned examples
S K -- L: late examples (extant)
S -- street
It A to J, the openings are conjectural.
I) and H are probably English. Note that
when a porch (broken line) is added to
G, it becomes a "St. Augustine" tvpe plan.

;t. Aueustine. the rooms of thle olaln wrer fairly Foaciotls.

One-room building% chosen at random show a variety of dimensions
(all approximate, of course, due tn the small scale of the map):
12'x12' 14'x16' 15'x20' 16'x20' 12'x22'
14'x30' 15'x22' 16'x26' 15'x25' 16'x35'
In two-room dwellings, the rooms tended lo be a bil smaller.
Again, these are random samples:
IST ROOM 2ND looM
R'x13' 8'xl3'
12'x18' 12'x18'
12'x22' 12'xlO'
14'xl2' 14'x20'
16'x20' 16'x20'
18'x28' 8'x 7'

Evolution of the wing and
St. Augustine plans

The common plan allowed for
expansion in all directions.
Normally growth was linear, but
occasionally would happen at
the side making a wing plan.
With the addition of a loggia
the St. Augustine plan was
developed.

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L,,- R I.. 1j I W 23. AN EVOLUTION
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,._..a ~' TO ST. AUGUSTINE
PLAN

DESTROYED
c. 1702

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TABBY 4 STOMI.

AFTER 1702
STONE

9. EVOLUTION OF A SPANISH HOUSE

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WING PLAN
The wing plan was the
least used type. Wings or
rooms were added to the sides.

A
--- *26. THE WING PLAN
Characteristic: one or more wings
| I A: openings conjectural; B: this is probably
Sa "St. Augustine" plan to which wing was
added. Broken line denotes old loggia. C: the
east wing is conjectural reconstruction. Double
i line area: gallery or arcade; S indicates
BJ ASIC street sde ofhouse
PLAN