I01
6A 9
April 1986

Circular 689

DECISION AIDS FOR CITRUS GROWERS
New Citrus Grove Analysis
and
Citrus Tree Value
Central Science
Library

COMPUTER SERIES

JAN 30 1990

University of Florida
Ron Muraro, Francis Ferguson, Jr., Greg McFerren, v o "
and Pongchat Chunkasut (Noy)

Cooperative Extension Service / Institute of FuaWdnd Agricultural SSolenes / University of Florida / John T. Woate, Dean
101
F636c
689
guide

Disk(s) under separate cover

DECISION AIDS FOR CITRUS GROWERS
New Citrus Grove Analysis
and
Citrus Tree Value

Ron Muraro, Francis Ferguson, Jr., Greg McFerren,
and Pongchat Chunkasut (Noy)

FOOD AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT
INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIM

ABSTRACT

This manual explains how to use the .New Citrus Grove
Analysis and Citrus Tree Value microcomputer programs. The New
Citrus Grove Analysis program provides estimated annual net
returns and estimated accumulated discounted net returns for
establishing a new grove. The Citrus Tree Value program
estimates the value of lost citrus trees and replacement trees.

Keywords: Citrus, Net Replacement Cost, Financial Analysis,
Microcomputer

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank Susan Phillips, Economic
Analyst for her help in producing the final software and
documentation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.......................................... 4

CONCEPTS............... ........ ...................... 4

GETTING STARTED ....................................... 6

PART I. NEW CITRUS GROVE ANALYSIS.................. 8

Introduction................................ 8

Running the Program......................... 8

Interpreting the Output.................... 14

Conclusion.................................. 16

Figure I-1 .................................. 17

PART II. CITRUS TREE VALUE........................... 18

Introduction ................................. 18

Running the Program .......................... 20

Interpreting the Output...................... 23

Use of the Program Output.................... 24

Comments ..................................... 25

Figure II-1 .................................. 26

Figure II-2.................................. 27

ORDERING INFORMATION.................................. 28

REFERENCES ............................................. 29

APPENDIX A: ANNUAL ESTABLISHMENT COSTS................ 31

APPENDIX B: ANNUAL RESET COSTS........................ 34

APPENDIX C: HISTORICAL CITRUS YIELD DATA.............. 36

DECISION AIDS FOR CITRUS GROWERS

Ron Muraro, Francis Ferguson, Jr., Greg McFerren,
and Phongchat Chunkasut (Noy)

INTRODUCTION

Citrus grove owners and managers are faced with many

decision making problems. Two of these problems, estimating the

net returns for establishing a new grove and estimating the value

of lost citrus trees, are addressed in this manual. The New

Citrus Grove Analysis program uses information on fruit variety,

prices, annual fruit yield and costs to calculate annual net

returns and accumulated discounted net returns for establishing a

new grove. The Citrus Tree Value program uses fruit prices,

grove care costs, yields and discount or capitalization rates to

determine the value of a particular tree loss.

CONCEPTS

The New Citrus Grove Analysis and Citrus Tree Value' programs

use a concept known as the "time value of money". This theory,

simply put, states that a dollar today is worth more than a

dollar to be received sometime in the future.

Three of the most common reasons given for this time

preference are 1) alternative uses for today's dollar; 2)

Ron Muraro, Farm Management Specialist, designed and
documented the original program for the Apple II computer.
Francis Ferguson Jr., former Extension Computer Specialist, was
the programmer for the original Apple version. Greg McFerren,
former Computer Programmer, converted the original program code
to the IBM computer and helped document the IBM version.
Pongchat Chunkasut (Noy), Computer Programmer, created the final
version of this program.

uncertainty and risk, and 3) inflationary trends. Lack of

liquidity (slowness of converting land to money) and the costs of

managing money are also important in the citrus industry.

A simple method to determine the appropriate discount rate

for a specific operation is to think of the discount rate as

having five separate components:

r A+R+I+L+M

where r = time value of money
A = alternative use of money
R = allowance for risk or uncertainty
I = allowance for inflation
L = premium for lack of liquidity
M = allowance for cost of managing money

Summing the appropriate numbers results in a discretionary but

useful estimate of an individual's time value of money or

discount rate.

Below is an example of how the time value of money, or

discount rate, can be calculated:

Value of alternative use (i.e. passbook savings
or money market rate) 5.0%

Risk of ownership (i.e. weather) 2.5%

Inflationary allowance 3.5%

Premium for lack of liquidity 2.0%

Cost of money management allowance 1.0%

Discount rate 14.0%

The present value of a future sum of money (A) at a discount

rate of (r) is equivalent to the amount of money which would

have to be invested today at (r) annual interest rate to have the

same sum of money (A) at a specified time in the future.

A simple example may help illustrate the concept of

discounting. Suppose an investor possesses $100 (X) which he

invests at an annual interest rate of 10% (r) compounded annually

for 2 (n) years. At the end of two years, his $100 has grown to

a value of $121.00 (A) where:

A = X(l + .10)^2

Equivalently, $100 received two years from now at a 10% annual

interest rate has a present value (X) given by

X = A
(1+r)

where X $82.64 in this case.

Therefore, a person would have to invest $82.64 for two years at

a 10% interest rate to have $100 at the end of the two years.

GETTING STARTED
The software for "DECISION AIDS FOR CITRUS GROWERS"

requires an IBM PC microcomputer with a minimum of 64 kilobytes

(KB) of random access memory (RAM), one 360KB disk drive, a color

or monochrome monitor and an IBM printer. The printer is

required for the software to operate properly. PC-DOS and BASICA

are also required.

The distribution disk contains four BASICA files: MENU.BAS,

CITGROV.BAS and CITTREE.BAS, and AUTOEXEC.BAT. Since the distri-

bution disk does not contain DOS or BASICA, you must first create

a system disk that has BASICA on it and then copy the four

program files to the disk. The AUTOEXEC.BAT file will make the

software easier to use since it will automatically load BASICA

and run the MENU program when the system is started.

To create a working disk for DECISION AIDS FOR CITRUS

GROWERS, follow these simple instructions:

1. Create a disk with DOS and BASICA on it by following the
instructions in the IBM user's manual.

2. Put the original distribution disk in drive A and your
new system disk in drive B.

3. From the A> prompt type: COPY *.* B:

4. Now remove the original distribution disk and store it
in a safe location as a back-up copy. Put your new
system disk containing the three BASICA program files in
Drive A.

With your new system disk in drive A, when you turn your

computer on or issue the system restart key sequence,

(alt){ctrl}(del}, the MENU program will automatically run, and

you can select either the New Citrus Grove Analysis program or

the Citrus Tree Value program.

To stop a program at any point press the (ctrl} {break} keys

simultaneously. To restart the program that you were using, type

RUN and then press the key. To go back to the main menu

type RUN"MENU" and then press the key.

PART I. NEW CITRUS GROVE ANALYSIS

Introduction

Projecting the annual net return over the investment period

(10, 20, or more years) for a new citrus grove establishment be-

comes a long and tedious task. However, with the aid of a micro-

computer, several possible establishment scenarios can be quickly

analyzed. In this report, a microcomputer program is discussed

which allows the grower-investor to enter the fruit variety,

prices, annual fruit yield and costs for a specific new grove

establishment. The analysis provides both estimated annual net

returns and estimated accumulated discounted net returns.

Running the Program

To run the New Citrus Grove Analysis program, select option

one on the main menu. The program will load and display a title

page and another menu. Select option one to begin the program.

Option two displays the program credits and a disclaimer message.

Option three displays a brief set of instructions for operating

the program.

The New Citrus Grove Analysis program prompts the user to

enter the information necessary for the analysis. In the

following example run, the underlined numbers are not provided by

the program. Instead, these numbers are example responses which

have been provided to demonstrate the program. Individual users

should enter responses appropriate for their analysis.

The first response the user makes is to select the fruit

variety. In the example, the variety late oranges (#3) has been

selected. The following screen will be shown:

The user is next asked to select yield values between two

historical yield tables--either Savage or the Department of

Citrus (see Appendix C). The values in these tables are "built

into" the program. For the example, Department of Citrus Yield

tables (#2) are selected.
I

(1) Historical Yields (Savage)
(2) Historical Yields (Dept. of' Citrus)
---> 2

Now the yield potential for the variety selected must be

chosen. Such influences as soil types and variety-rootstock

combinations should be considered when deciding upon the yield

potential. High Yield (#3) is selected for the example.

NEW CITRUS GROVE ANALYSIS

FRUIT TYPE

(1) EARLY ORANGES
(2) MID ORANGES
(3) LATE ORANGES
(4) TEMPLE ORANGES
(5) TANGERINES
(6) SEEDY GRAPEFRUIT
(7) SEEDLESS GRAPEFRUIT
---> 3

(1) Low Yield
(2) Average Yield
(3) High Yield
---> 3

The user must next provide data for the following:

Enter Current Price ($/Box) 4.50
Enter # of Trees Per Acre 145
Enter Discount Rate (%) 12.0
Enter # of Years of Analysis (1-50) 15

The current on-tree price per box of the variety selected must be

entered. The number of trees per acre represents the tree

density of the proposed new citrus grove establishment. Since

the analysis calculates a discounted cash flow, a discount rate

must be entered to calculate the present value of the cash flow.

Also the number of years for the analysis (1-50 years) is

entered.

Now the user can select future pricing situations. Three

choices are provided: "constant price" --the current price is

used for each year of the analysis; "percentage increase"--the

current price is increased by the same percentage each successive

year; and "break prices"--the user enters prices at given time

intervals to compensate for fruit price and quality differences

as the trees mature. In the example, the pricing situation

"break prices" is selected (#3).

FUTURE PRICE

(1) Constant Price (Current)
(2) Percentage Increase
(3) Break Prices
---> 3

Values for the "break prices" (in dollars per box) are then

entered:

Price 2-10 years 4.50
Price 11-15 years 5.00
Price 16-?? Years 5.50

A citrus grove, regardless of age, will have trees die

(disease, lightning, etc.). Therefore, the annual loss of

trees, the cost of their replacement, the lost yield of the trees

removed and the added yield of the replacement trees must be

included in the analysis. The program automatically calculates

the additional annual maintenance costs of the reset trees and

adjusts annual yields with respect to the trees removed and the

maturing reset trees.

The user has two options for tree removals: "removals year-

by-year"--a separate tree removal rate is entered for each year

of the analysis; and "constant removals"--the same number of

trees are removed each year. A "constant removal" rate (#2) is

selected for the example:

TREE REMOVAL

(1) Removals Year-By-Year
(2) Constant Removals
---> 2

Number Removals Per Year 4

The last information required by the New Citrus Grove

Analysis is the production cost associated for each year of the

analysis period. The production costs are separated into nine

entries. The first year of a new grove investment is referred to

as "Zero Year" during which the land is purchased, governmental

regulations (environmental impact studies and water permitting)

are satisfied, and actual land preparation is completed.

Normally, all soil and water conservation expenses are incurred

during the "Zero Year." Trees are planted during the second year

of investment or grove year one. Years one through four

represent the development stage of the new citrus grove. The

Internal Revenue Service Regulations require all costs incurred

in growing, or establishing, the trees during the first four

years to be capitalized, not expensed. The capitalization

expense qualifies for depreciation and "new-property" investment

credit deductions beginning in the fifth year. The remainder of

the cost entries have been grouped into five year increments--5

to 9 years, 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years and 20 years and

older.

The production cost entries for the example assume that only

cash expenditures are incurred during the analysis period.

During the period "Zero Year" through Year #4, the example

assumes that sixty percent of the total establishment costs are

financed over fifteen years at a twelve percent rate of interest

with the remaining forty percent of expenditures being incurred

by the grower-investor.

Cost entries after year #5 are the grove care costs for the

established grove. Interest and principal payments are included

in all cost entries beginning in year #2. No depreciation of

young tree care costs are included in the cost entries. As

discussed earlier, the additional costs of the young reset trees

are automatically calculated by the program. For the example,

the following costs were entered:

PRODUCTION COSTS

COST PER ACRE, ALL YEARS

PRODUCTION COSTS YEAR #0 950
PRODUCTION COSTS YEAR #1 700
PRODUCTION COSTS YEAR #2 400
PRODUCTION COSTS YEAR #3 450
PRODUCTION COSTS YEAR #4 475
PRODUCTION COSTS/YR: 5-9 YRS 700
PRODUCTION COSTS/YR: 10-14 YRS 750
PRODUCTION COSTS/YR: 15-19 YRS 575
PRODUCTION COSTS/YR: 20-?? YRS 550

After making the final cost entry, the program will begin

calculating the results of the anaylsis. The following will be

shown on the screen:

TURN THE PRINTER ON...

PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE

Upon pressing any character on the keyboard, the results of the

analysis will be printed.

Interpreting the Output

Figure I-1 is a sample of the program output. The top

heading identifies the program and provides specific information

used in analyzing the establishment scenario. The analysis

results in Figure I-1 can be interpreted as follows:

YR--The time period over which the
new grove establishment is analyzed. "0" year is
the year of land purchase and preparation as well as
satisfying government regulations. Year #1 repre-
sents the first grove year during which the trees are
planted.

Yields Reset/Normal--Annual fruit yield in
boxes per acre. The left set of numbers
represent the yields of the replacement trees
(Reset) as they mature. The right set of numbers
represent the yield of the remaining original trees
(Normal) as they mature. Total annual yield would be
the sum of the reset and normal yield values. For
example, total yield for year #8 would be 211.7 boxes
per acre (19.8 + 191.9).

R-Profile/1-4 YRS--This is the reset or
replacement tree planting profile. The non-.
productive reset trees normally need additional care
during the first four years of development.
Therefore, the number of non-productive trees for
each year is indicated. For example, in Year #3, 4
one-year-old trees, 4 two-year-old trees, 137 three-
year-old trees, and no four-year-old trees are in the
analysis.

Total $ Income--The value represents total
gross revenue of any single year. The value is
calculated by multiplying the number of boxes (Yields
Column) by the respective per box price value. For
our example, total gross income for Year #8 would be
$953 (211.7 boxes @ $4.50 per box).

Cost Reset/All--The cost for reset trees, the
left value, is the annual additional cost of the reset
tree (tree removal cost plus tree maintenance cost)
plus the combined annual cost of the reset tree with
respect to the number of resets planted. The cost for

all trees, the right value, is the total combined cost
of the annual reset cost (the left value) and the
normal annual grove care costs. For our example, Year
#8, the total cost of maintaining sixteen reset trees
is $144 and the total of all cash expenditures is $844
($144 plus $700).

Annual Profit--The annual "actual" dollar pro-
fit, or net return, over all costs is shown. Year #8
would be interpreted as a $109 profit ($953 income
minus $844 cost). For this example Year #8 represents
the first year a positive annual return is received.

Accumulative Profit--The annual "actual" dollar
profits are accumulated from one year to the next.
Year #8 indicates an accumulative annual loss of
$2,754 for Year "O" through Year #8.

Present Value of Accumulated Profit--The annual
"actual" dollar profits are discounted at the
selected rate (12.0% for the example) and accumulated
over the analysis period. This represents the value
of future dollars in the current time period. For
the example, Year #8 indicates a negative accumulated
discounted loss of $2,105.

The example analysis can be summarized as
follows. A positive net "actual" dollar profit was
obtained during Year #8. In this example accumulated
net "actual" dollar profit and discounted accumulated
net profit remain negative.

Upon printing the analysis report, the following will be

shown on the screen:

WOULD YOU LIKE TO RERUN THE PROGRAM?

(YIN) N

Entering the Y (for yes) would allow the user to rerun the

program and change any of the original information entered. For

the example, no additional analysis is desired; therefore, an N

(for no) is entered.

Conclusion
The New Citrus Grove Analysis will enable the grower-

investor to analyze several different new grove establishment

possibilities quickly and efficiently. The program does not

provide an after tax cash flow analysis. However, planning

decisions on selecting a particular citrus variety and tree

density, as well as the time period required before obtaining a

profit, can be provided. The careful selection of the costs,

yiel4 potentials, and fruit prices are required before the data

can be used with confidence. The resulting analysis report is

presented on a per acre basis. A simple calculation by the total

number of acres planned for a new grove development will provide

the total values for a specific citrus grove establishment.

NEW CITRUS GROVE ANALYSIS
THIS PROGRAM HAS SEEN DEVELOPED BY R.MURARO FOR IFAS

--> PROGRAM INFORMATION <--

DEPT. OF CITRUS YIELD VALUES YIELD=HIGH CURRENT PRICE = s 4.5
P.V. RATE= 12 % TREE REMOVAL RATE=CONSTANT 4 TREE(S)/YR
FRUIT TYPE=LATE ORANGES
FUTURE PRICE=BREAK 2-10YRS- 4.5 11-1SYRS= 5 >15YRS= 5.5 $/B

YIELDS R-PROFILE TOTALS COST ANNUAL ACCUM P1 CF ACCLU
YR RESET/NORMAL 1-4 YRS INCOME RESET/ALL PROFIT PROFIT PROFIT

0.0/

0.0/

0.0/

0.01/

2.4/

5.61

9.61

14.4/

19.81

26.4/

.4.1/

43.0/

53.0/

64.2

76.21/

88.91/

0.0

0.0

0.0

92.2

106.4

129.0

150.0

164.6

191.9

218.1

242.0

263.5

292.8

290.0

295.7

299.0

0/0/0/0

145/0/0/0

4/4/4/1331

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4
4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

4/4/4/4

so

so

so
$0

$370

S490

$606

$718

$805

S953

$1,100

$1,242

$1,511

$1,658

11,'3m
$1,7509

$1,918

SO/

$0/

$961

S130/

$144/

$144/

$144/

$144/

$144/

$144/

$144/

S144/

$144/

$144/

$144/

-$950

-$700

-$496

-$198

-4116

-$238

-$126

-439

$109

$256

$348

$617

$764

$856

$944

$1.199

-$950

-1, a50

-$2,146

-$2,344

-$2,460

-$2,698

-12,824

-$2,363

-$2,754

-$2,498

-12,149

-S1.532

-S769

$87

$1,032

12.23::1

-S848

-$1,406

-$1,759

-$1,951

-12,072

-$2,128

-42,144

-"2,105

-12.022

-"1,?22

-$1,764

-11,389

-41.414

-1,241

-41.,046

Figure 1-1

PART II. CITRUS TREE VALUE

Introduction
The impact of citrus trees lost each year due to man-made

and natural causes is substantial. Estimating the value of

adverse impacts on the productive capacity of the industry in

general and specifically, on the profitability of individual

operations, is important for several reasons. In the case of

natural disasters such as fires, accurate estimates of the value

of income lost from each tree destroyed is required by insurance

appraisers to determine needed compensation for losses. When the

cause of the loss is man-made, such as government building of new

roads, growers need an accurate estimate of the lost tree value

to determine fair restitution.

The value of lost citrus trees is difficult to determine for

at least two reasons. First, even with a good pocket calculator,

the necessary calculations are long and tedious. Second, the

theoretical basis underlying the calculations is conceptually

complex. For these two reasons, estimating the value of lost

income due to the destruction of citrus trees is ideally suited

for solution by a microcomputer.

Citrus Tree Value is a program for the IBM Personal Computer

which allows citrus growers and managers to use the appropriate

fruit prices, grove care costs, yields and discount or

capitalization rates to determine the value of a particular tree

loss. The program uses discount rates in calculating the present

value of income lost by the death of a tree and the present value

of costs which would have been associated with maintaining that

tree if it had lived.

The annual expected gross income and grove care costs of the

lost tree are multiplied by the discount rates yielding the

present value of income and costs. The difference between these

two values gives the annual discounted net return of the lost

tree. The same procedure is used to discount income and costs
2
for the replanted tree. These annual discounted returns are

then summed to derive the capitalized value of the lost tree and

the net cost of replacing the lost tree.

The number of years over which the summation is performed is

the number of years required for the replanted tree to reach

maturity. Tree age at maturity varies among citrus varieties.

Yields normally level off at approximately 25 years of age. For

purposes of analysis, 20 year-old trees were classified as

mature. At maturity, the lost tree and the net replacement cost

of the replanted tree at maturity gives the total value of the

tree lost.

1Defined as expected income if the tree had lived minus
expected tree care cost if the tree had lived.
2Defined as expected tree care cost of the maturing reset
tree minus expected income from the maturing reset.;
3This approach implicitly assumes citrus trees have infinite
lives. Citrus trees do, in fact, have life spans of 100 years or
more, so this is a reasonable assumption.

Running the Program

To run the Citrus Tree Value program, select option two on

the main menu. The program will load and display a title page and

another menu. Select option one to begin the program. Option

two displays the program credits and a disclaimer message.

Option three displays a brief set of instructions for operating

the program.

The Citrus Tree Value program prompts the user for the

information necessary for the analysis. In the following example

run, the underlined numbers are not provided by the program.

Instead, they are example answers which have been provided to

demonstrate the program. Individual users should enter responses

appropriate for their situations.

The user first responds by selecting the fruit type. For

this example, type the number 3 to select LATE ORANGES as the

fruit type and press .

CAPITALIZED TREE VALUE

FRUIT TYPE

(1) EARLY ORANGES
(2) MID ORANGES
(3) LATE ORANGES
(4) TEMPLE ORANGES
(5) TANGERINES
(6) SEEDY GRAPEFRUIT
(7) SEEDLESS GRAPEFRUIT
---> 3

The computer responds by prompting for the tree's most recent or

expected yield if the tree was not removed. By selecting option

(1) the user can enter a specific yield. Options (2) and (3) use

information from subsequent questions to select a plausible yield

based on the historical yield tables of Savage or the Florida

Department of Citrus. These historical yields from Savage and

the Department of Citrus are listed in Appendix C and are "built

in" to the program. In this example, values are to be supplied

by the user so option (1) is chosen:

(1) ENTER TREE YIELD
(2) HISTORICAL YIELDS (SAVAGE)
(3) HISTORICAL YIELDS (DEPT. OF CITRUS)
--->i^

Since we have elected to supply yield figures, the bottom of

the screen clears and the program prompts for the tree yield (in

boxes) of the lost tree:

TREE YIELD PER BOX ? 5.5

Regardless of which yield figures are chosen, the bottom of

the screen clears once again and the following information must

be provided concerning the lost tree:

ENTER TREE AGE IN YEARS 20
ENTER GROVE CARE COST PER TREE 6.50
ENTER PRICE PER BOX 5.50
ENTER DISCOUNT RATE 14.0

The "DISCOUNT RATE" refers to the discount rate deemed appro-

priate by the user. "GROVE CARE COST PER TREE" should include

watering, fertilizing, banking and unbanking, sprouting, and

applying herbicide.

Page
Missing
or
Unavailable

Page
Missing
or
Unavailable

table gives the net cost for replacing the lost tree (Figure II-

2).

The capitalized tree value is similar to the capitalization

or income approach to valuing (appraising) property. The

capitalized value represents a value for land, trees and any

irrigation improvements. Therefore to determine only tree value,

a prorated amount of land and irrigation value must be subtracted

out.

The net replacement cost value is the additional value loss

due to complete loss of a citrus tree and/or the value loss due

to the time required to recover an equivalent tree. The net

discounted value of replacement grove care costs of the .tree less

the expected future income from the tree represents the net

replacement cost of the tree. When determining total value lost

from condemnation where trees, land and improvements are taken, a

prorated value for land and irrigation must be added back to the

net replacement cost value.

The combination of capitalized value and severence value

would represent the total loss of a citrus tree.

Use of Program Output

As an example of how the program can be used, consider a

case in which the value of three trees lost due to fire must be

estimated for an insurance claim. The example program output in

Figures II-1 and 11-2 indicate a capitalized value per tree of

$139.15 and a net replacement cost per tree of $24.09, the total

value lost per tree is $163.24. Since property is not being

taken, however, the land and irrigation value must be subtracted.

If these values are $20 per tree and $10 per tree, respectively,

then the net value lost per tree is $133.24. The insurance claim

would be three times this amount, or $399.72.

As a second example, suppose that 20 trees are to be taken

(property included) due to government condemnation for a paved

road. If the capitalized value and net replacement cost are the

same as in the first example, the total loss in this case would

be 20 trees at $163.24 per tree, or $3,264.80. Since both trees

and property are being taken, the land and irrigation value would

not be subtracted.

Finally, suppose that 10 nonproductive reset trees are taken

due to government condemnation, and that the average age of the

trees is two years. If the two year accumulated net replacement

cost value per tree is $34.84, land value per tree is $20, and

irrigation value per tree is $10.then the total loss per tree is

$64.84. The total loss is ten times as much for ten trees, or

$648.40. Since the net replacement cost does not include a value

for land and improvements (irrigation), these values must be

added to the tree value lost in a condemnation.

Comments

The validity of the program output is highly dependent on

the validity of the numbers supplied by the user. Therefore,

some research on costs and yields may be necessary before the

program is run. Nonetheless, the microcomputer can handle much

of the necessary analysis quickly and efficiently. In this way,

it can be a valuable tool in determining the value of lost citrus

trees.

: CITRUS TREE VALUE
: THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY R.MURARO FOR IFAS :

CAPITALIZED VALUE OF 20 YEAR OLD LATE ORANGES
USER YIELD VALUES

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

YEAR P.V.FACTOR EXP.INCOME P.V.OF GCC IF TREE P.V.OF NET RETJFN
: 14 % YIELD= 5.5 EXP. INCOME HAD LIVED GCC TREE LOST
PRICE= 5.5 (1 X 2) (1 X 4) (3 5)

1 .877 $30.25 $26.53 $6.50 $5.70 $20.83
2 .769 $30.25 $23.26 $6.50 $5.00 $13.26
3 .675 $30.25 $20.42 $6.50 $4.39 $16.03
4 .592 $30.25 $17.91 $6.50 $3.85 $14.06
5 .519 $30.25 $15.70 $6.50 $3.37 $12.33
6 .456 $30.25 $13.79 $6.50 $2.96 $10.83
7 .400 $30.25 $12.10 $6.50 $2.60 $9.50
S .351 $30.25 $10.62 $6.50 $2.2S $8.34
9 .308 $30.25 $9.32 $6.50 $2.00 $7.31
10 .270 $30.25 $8.17 $6.50 $1.76 $6.41
11 .237 $30.25 $7.17 $6..50 $1.54 $5.63
12 .208 $30.25 $6.29 $6.50 $1.35 $4.94
13. .182 $30.25 $5.51 $6.50 $1.18 $4.32
14 .160 $30.25 $4.84 $6.50 $1.04 $3.S0
15 .140 $30.25 $4.24 $6.50 $0.91 $3.33
16 .123 $30.25 $3.72 $6.50 $0.80 52.92
17 .108 $30.25 $3.27 $6.50 $0.70 $2.S6
18 .095 $30.25 $2.87 $6.50 $0.62 $2.26
19 .083 $30.25 $2.51 $6.50 $0.54 $1.97
20 .073 $30.25 $2.21 $6.50 $0.47 $1.73

:! TOTAL $200.44 $43.07 $157.37

Figure II-1

NET COST OF REPLACING A 20 YEAR OLD LATE ORANGES
SAVAGE YIELD VALUES

(10)

(11)

(12)

YEAR EXP.GCC OF P.V.0F EXP.INCOME FROM P.V.OF NET REPLMT TOTAL VALUE
RESET TREE GCC RESET TREE EXP.INC. COST RESET TREE LOST
(1 X 7) Y = A (1 X 9) (8 10) (6 11)
-- -- -- --e -- -

1
2

4
5
6
7

.9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

$29.95-
$11.15
s9.S5
$10. 00
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.5:
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6.50
$6. 50
$6.50
S6.50
$6.50

|*: TOTAL **

$26.27
$8.57
$6.65
$5.92
$3.37
$2.96
$2.60
$2.28
$2.00
$1.76
$1.54
$1.35
$1. IS
$1.04
S0.91
SO. SO
$0.70

$0.54
*SO. 47

$71.54

$0.00
$0.00
$2.00
$3.50
$5.00
$7.00
$8.50
$9.50
$11.00
S12.50
$13.50
$15. 00
$16.00
$17.00
$18.50
$19.50
$20.50
$21.50
$22.50
$23.00

$0.00
$0.00
$1.35s
$2.07
$2.60
$3. 19
$3. 40
$3.33
$3. 39
$3.38
$3.20
$3. 12
$2.91
$2.72
$2.59
$2.40
$2.21
$2.04
$1.87

$47.45

$26.27
$8.57
$5. 30
$3.85
$0.78
-$0.23
-$0.80
-$41. 05

-$1-.66
-$1.77
-$1.73
-$1.68
-si. 6a
-$1.60
-$1.51

-$S1.33
-$1-.2

$47.09
$26.84
$21.33
$17.91
$13.10
$10.60
$8.70
$7.28
$5.93
$4.79
$3.97
$3. 17

$2. 12
31.65
$1.32
$1.05

so. 34

$24.09 $131.46

Figure I1-2

ORDERING INFORMATION
For more information on this and other IFAS microcomputer

software contact your county extension office or write to:

IFAS Software Communication and Distribution
G022 McCarty Hall
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611

REFERENCES PART I

Florida Crop Livestock Reporting Service. Florida Agricultural
Citrus Summary, 1982.

Florida Department of Citrus. 1972. Estimated Florida Oranges,
Temple and Grapefruit Production, 1972-73 to 1979-80. Cir.
72-5.

Muraro, R.P., and Francis Ferguson, Jr. 1982. A Microcomputer
Program to Determine Citrus Tree Value. Univiversity of
Florida Economic Information Report No. 168.

Muraro, R.P. 1982. Budgeting Costs and Returns: Central
Florida Citrus Production, 1981-82. University of Florida
Economic Information Report No. 160.

Muraro, Ronald P. 1982. "Grove Establishment Costs on Flatwoods
Soils." The Citrus Industry Magazine, June 1982, pp. 47,
48 and 50.

Savage, Zach. 1960. Citrus Yields Per Tree Age. Agr. Ext. Ser.
60-8. Univ. of Fla., Gainesville.

REFERENCES PART II

Abbitt, Ben, R.P. Muraro and T.H. Spreen. 1979. A Method for
Estimating Net Total Loss from Losing a Citrus Tree.
University of Florida Economic Information Report No. 105.

American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers. 1973. The
Appraisal of Real Estate.

Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. Florida
Agricultural Citrus Summary, 1977.

Florida Department of Citrus. 1972. Estimated Florida Oranges,
Temple and Grapefruit Production, 1972-73 to 1979-80.
Circular No. 72-5.

Muraro, R.P. and Francis Ferguson. 1982. A Microcomputer
Program to Determine Citrus Tree Value. University of Florida
Economic Information Report No. 168.

Muraro, Ron. 1981. Estimated Cost of Planting and Maintaining a
Ctirus Tree Through Four Years. Unpublished data.

Muraro, R.P. 1982. Budgeting Costs and Returns: Central
Florida Citrus Production, 1981-82. University of Florida
Economic Information Report No. 160.

Savage, Zach. 1960. Citrus Yields Per Tree Age. Agricultural
Extension Service No. 60-8. University of Fla., Gainesville.

Smith, Donald G., et al. 1975. Professional Rural Appraisal
Manual. Fourth edition.

APPENDIX A:

Annual Establishment Costs

Cost for Establishing, Planting and Maintaining a Citrus Grove
Through Four Years of Age, Indian River and Flatwood Areas

Cost Per Acre

Range Average Your cost

Land Cost:* Improved Pasture Land 1500 2500 1740
Ran Land and Sen-improved Pasture 1000 2000 1400
Land Preparation: Pasture and Light Palnettos 80 225 160
(Clearing) Ram Land (heavy pines, pal ettos) 200 400 310
Leveling: With Laser 200 350 275
Without Laser 100 250 160
Beddinq: 2-roms (long rows-lt siles) 105 150 125
2-rots (short rows--l,350 feet) 125 325 200
Soil Amendments: Doloeite 2-tons 65
Super Phosphate 500 lb. 45 -
Canals, Ditches, ikes, Reservoirs, and Roads 250 400 315
Throw-out Pumps for Water Movement 40
Culverts and Pipes 85 125 105
Drainage Tile 140 160 150
Irrigation Systems: Nicrosprinkler
With Nelll 1000 2000 1360
Without Nell 375 1000 705
Drip
With Neil 800 1300 1013
Without well 240- 800 540
Water Permits and Environmental Studies:
Cost 10- 35 30
Tin in Months 3- 6 5

Percent Land Utilization: Planted to Citrus 50 89X 73
Ditches and Canals 5Z 10% 8
later Retention 32 252 13%
Roads and Service Areas 3% 15 6Z

Average Trees Per Acre: Oranges 116 165 136 -
Srapefruit 100 116 112

*&and cost will vary froe one county to another as well as fro one parcel to another.

"Irrigation costs include distribution system, power unit and will (where indicated). The higher cost ranges
reported also included a cost for fertigation equipment.

iCONTINUEo ON REVERSE StIE)

C"s fo Cstaadtiq Malntl ad Igaasswade altria Grove
Tmr~p For Years so iqe, hism over ad Iatemi Areas IcUI 6.1

Cost Fa tree

Tram ad P bere Treal L
Itale, nut ad Warte re .1A

Ttold cut Per Iree LAS

*A=W PwrtilUg Jim II,. Wvtpt 0.3 -
0M.46 -

Itisil/ilette L.43

TOWa freg Cors cast lowI is1 -i

Total cut Yew Ii MN.

yaw a

Iluuwtoarl frrtqwstiae 0464-
Pu'tlina free L.4-
soiew ter utilizaiss aft urvtqii 0.2-
0.r1L-
lpwui taw l' 0.2 -
NEW6 -oL
ft~lluismt LU -
Meet -6
buEamsess 0.13

towa C"s Yew a2

yiea a

fruutevroaIrrwtimovess 0.45
Fertilize TOee L.3-
hoiInaI Fortiaai.n one WIon'ta Lis
SvW4 0.5
%ruetq (114br L29
V~dl 0.46
UIUU~stte 041
1wsq 0.2
Nualsutlms 0.11

1ota Cast Yew 013.

low 64

NUNNsewat lertemqatvm0.1
Fgtilig itee0.w
fggtsuet F'UutuaUst anm frrigtquie0.6
%vop LOd
%rating f(twl LIS
0.40d -O
leav -A
LIIt -.1

towe Cam Yew K 35

talig Few Yew attewAtatu cast$ 2.16

sl~wesutq es Ic forg ernsa IM81510 4" alid W OL0. Wu tree If a treS an owe stw latewtaq.
th cat e tree Wall "Ol M10.3 Per 1Aagtgattal.
aml: Me Item* Cokorg far Castal materIs to5 o Lg tio th a sd" caves MW at costs #u' utasqema
as !suas.
'WwWes Au, Put. 4wwg. P1ws Omaweme Ecugeset. =m Late hofria, FL. lesesse MU.

APPENDIX B:

Annual Reset Costs

ESTIATED COST OF PtflNT ANu MINTAININ6 a RESET CITRUS TREE- M OU FOU YEAMS OF AGE

Year Ij:

Tree Removal
Tree Cost (Sare Root)
Site Preparation, Plant Tree and First
Watering
Total Plmating Costs

Mater Tree with Truck (Average 10 Times)*
Fertilize Tree (5 Tim, Truck, Labor,
mad Raterials)
Tree rlap
Sproutinq
Herbicide list Watering)
tidoail/Allette
Riscoallious
Total Tree Care Year I1

Total Cost Year It

- - ----------

---------------------------------------

1.60
2.00
.30
.13
.45
.30
1.80

1.40
2.00
.30
.153
.45
.30
1.10

1.20
2.00
.25
.15
.45
.23
1.30

1.10
2.00
.23
.15
.45
.25
7.70

1.00
2.00
.20
.13
.45
.20
7.00

26.70 24.10 21.23 18.20 16.20

1,ar _2:

later Tree with Truck (Average 5 Timesie
Fertilize Tree (4 Tmas)
Sprouting
Herbicide ltst Watering)
Iidwail/Aliette
Hi scallmanus
Total Cost Year 12

Year o3

Fertilize Tree (4 Tims)
Sprouting
Niscellaneous
Total Cost Year 13

tir 14:

Fertilize Tree (4 Timle
iscellaneous
Total Cost Year 14

Total Four Yew Accuswlated Costs

39.7-5 136.00 $31.70 127.40 123.70
ones* ago" one**e IsIII ImI

*Fhe costs listed are the additional costs incurred above the costs of cultivation, osray,
fertllizatlto, etc. o4 the normal Irove cars proqrea.

*#iho use of a truct for sarternq rest trea esil very deea4dnq upom ratnfall, avail-
aotltty of irritqtis, soil type, etc. Adjust Iccordliq to as" esa*qeenit ropra.

Preofgae bty Aold P. iraro. Fore 4n qeein(t Econosist, CREC, Late Alfree. FL, Aeqet,
19C5.

2.50
2.20
.30
.13
.45
.30
5."0

2.23
1.95
.30
.15
.43
.40
5.40

2.00
1.70
.253
.13
.45
.23
4.80

2.10
.23
.25
2.60

2.80
.25
3.05

1.753
1.45
.23
.13
.45
.25
4.30

1.80
.25
.25_
2.30

2.353
.25.
2.40

2.15 2.45
.30 .30
.30 .30
3.35 3.05

1.50
1.15
.20
.13
.45
.20
3.65

1.40
.20
.20
1.80

1.85
.20
2.05

3.50
.30
3.80

3.15
.30
3.45

Nuabaw o4 Res ts Pe Acre
1-2 3-5 6-10 11-25 26 -
------Cost Per Tree------

S8.635 1 7.25 6 3.80 S 3.75 I 3.00
4.30 4.50 4.40 4.20 4.20

3.75 3.25 2.75 .2.55 2.00
16.90 13.00 12.1 10.50 1.20

5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00

APPENDIX C:

Historical Citrus Yield Data

Table 1.--Estimated

yielda per tree for earlyb orange varieties

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average High

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0- 0.0 29 3.5 6.6 11.9
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 3.5 6.7 12.0
3' 0.0 0.2 0.4 31 3.5 6.7 12.0
4 0.3 0.7 1.1 32 3.5 6.7 12.0
5 0.5 1.2 1.8 33 3.5 6.7 12.0
6 0.7 1.7 2.5 34 3.5 6.8 12.0
7 1.0 2.2 3.2 35 3.5 6.8 12.0
8 1.3 2.7 3.9 36 3.5 6.8 12.0
9 1.5 3.1 4.6 37 3.5 6.8 12.0
10 1.7 3.5 5.3 38 3.5 6.8 12.0
11 2.0 3.9 6.0 39 3.5 6.8 12.0
12 2.2 4.3 6.7 40 3.5 6.8 12.0
13 2.3 4.6 7.4 41 3.5 6.9 12.0
14 2.5 4.9 8.1 42 3.5 6.9 12.0
15 2.7 5.2 8.8 43 3.5 6.9 12.0
16 2.8 5.5 9.3 44 3.5 6.9 12.0
17 2.9 5.7 9.8 45 3.5 6.9 12.0
18 3.0 5.8 10.2 46 0.0 7.0 0.0
19 3.1 5.9 10.5 47 0.0 7.0 0.0
20 3.2 6.0 10.8 48 0.0 7.0 0.0
21 3.3 6.1 11.0 49 0.0 7.0 0.0
22 3.4 6.2 11.2 50 0.0 7.0 0.0
23 3.5 6.3 11.3 51 0.0 7.0 0.0
24 3.5 6.4 11.5 52 0.0 7.0 0.0
25 3.5 6.5 11.6 53 0.0 7.0 0.0
26 3.5 6.5 11.6 54 0.0 7.0 0.0
27 3.5 6.6 11.7 55 0.0 7.0 0.0
28 3.5 6.6 11.8

a1-3/5

Source: Savage

bushel box equivalents bNavel and llamlin

Table 2.--Estimated yield per tree for midseason orange varieties

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average iHigh

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 3.8 6.0 10.7
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 3.9 6.0 10.8
3 0.0 0.3 1.1 31 3.9 6.0 11.0
4 0.2 0.7 1.9 32 3.9 6.0 11.0
5 0.5 1.1 2.6 33 3.9 6.0 11.0
6 0.8 1.6 3.2 34 3.9 6.0 11.0
7 1.1 2.0 3.8 35 4.0 6.0 11,0
8 1.4 2.4 4.3 36 4.0 6.0 11.0
9 1.6 2.8 4.8 37 4.0 6.0 11.0
10 1.8 3.1 5.3 38 4.0 6.0 11.0
11 2.1 3.4 5.7 39 4.0 6.0 11.0
12 2.3 3.7 6.1 40 4.0 6.0 11.0
13 2.5 4.1 6.5 41 4.0 6.0 11.0
14 2.7 4.4 6.9 42 4.0 6.0 11.0
15 2.8 4.6 7.2 43 4.0 6.0 11.0
16 3.0 4.8 7.6 44 4.0 6.0 11.0
17 3.1 5.1 7.9 45 4.0 6.0 11.0
18 3.2 5.3 8.2 46 4.0 6.0 0.0
19 3.3 5.4 8.4 47 4.0 6.0 0.0
20 3.4 5.6 8.7 48 4.0 6.0 0.0
21 3.5 5.7 8.9 49 4.0 6.0 0.0
22 3.5 5.8 9.2 50 4.0 6.0 0.0
23 3.6 5.9 9.4 51 4.0 6.0 0.0
24 3.6 6.0 9.7 52 4.0 6.0 0.0
25 3.7 6.0 9.9 53 4.0 6.0 0.0
26 3.7 6.0 10.1 54 4.0 6.0 0.0
27 3.8 6.0 10.3 55 4.0 6.0 0.0
28 3.8 6.0 10.5

l-3/5 bushel box equivalents Source: Savage
bparson Brown and Pineapple

Table 3.--Estimated yielda per tree for late seasonb

Age of tree Low Average H1igh Age of tree Low Average High

(boxes)

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1

0.0
0.0
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.4

0.0
0.0
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5,5
5.8
6.1
6.4
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.6
7.8
8.0

bValencia

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54,
55

3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5.
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5

8.2
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.9
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

a1-3/5 bushel box equivalents

Source: Savage

oranges

(boxes)

1
2
.3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
,14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Table 4.--Estimated yielda per tree for Temple oranges

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average H1igh

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 2.7 4.7 6.3
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 2.9 4.9 6.5
3 0.0 0.5 1.2 26 3.0 5.0 6.7
4 0.1 0.7 1.5 27 3.1 5.2 6.8
5 0.2 1.0 1.8 28 3.2 5.3 7.0
6 0.4 1.2 2.0 29. 3.3 5.5 7.2
7 0.5 1.4 2.3 30 3.4 5.6 7.3
8 0.7 1.6 2.6 31 3.5 5.8 7.5
9 0.8 1.8 2.8 32 3.6 5.9 7.6
10 0.9' 2.0 3.1 33 3.7 6.0 7.7
11 1.1 2.3 3.3 34' 3.8 6.2 7.8
12 1.2 2.5 3.6 35 3.9 6.3 8.0
13 1.3 .2.7 3.8 36 4.0 6.4 8.1
14 1.5 2.8 4.1 37 4.1 6.5 8.2
15 1.6 3.0 4.3 38 4.2 6.6 8.3
16 1.7 3.2 4.6 39 4.3 6.7 8.3
17 1.8 3.4 4.8 40 4.3 6.8 8.4
18. 2.0 3.6 5.0 41 4.4 6.9 8.5
19 2.1 3.8 5.3 42 4.4 7.0 8.6
20 2.2 4.0 5.5 43 4.4 7.0 8.6
21 2.4 4.2 5.7 44 4.5 7.0 8.6
22 2.5 4.4 5.9 45 4.5 7.0 8.7
23 2.6 4.5 6.1

1-3/5 bushel box equivalents

Source: Savage

Table 5.--Estimated yield a per tree for tangerines

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average High

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 2.4 4.5 7.4
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 2.5 4.6 7.6
3 0.0 0.0 1.0 26 2.6 4.7 7.8
4 0.0 0.1 1.3 27 2.7 4.8 -8.1
5 0.0 0.5 1.7 28 2.8 4.9 8.3
6 0.1 0.9 2.0 29 2.9 5.0 8.5
7 0.2 1.2 2.3 30 3.0 5.1 8.8
8 0.4 1.5 2.6 31 3.1 5.1 9.0
9 0.6 1.8 2.9 32 3.1 5.2 9.2
10 0.7 2.1 3.2 33 3.2 5.2 9.4
11 0.9 2.3 3.5 34 3.3 5.3 9.6
12 1.0 2.5 3.8 35 3.3 5.3 9.7
13 1.1 2.8 4.2 36 3.4 5.3 9.9
14 1.3 3.0 4.5 37 3.4 5.4 10.0
15 1.4 3.2 4.8 38 3.4 5.4 10.1
16 1.5 3.4 5.1 39 3.4 5.4 10.2
17 1.7 3.6 5.3 40 3.5 5.5 10.3
18 1.8 3.7 5.6 41 3.5 5.5 10.4
19 1.9 3.9 5.9 42 3.5 5.5 10.5
20 2.0 4.0 6.2 43 3.5 5.5 10.5
21 2.1 4.2 6.5 44 3.5 5.5 10.5
22 2.2 4.3 6.8 45 3.5 5.5 10.5
23 2.3 4.4 7.1

al-3/5bushel box equivalents
0

Source: Savage

Table 6.--Estimated yield per tree for seedy grapefruit

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average High

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 5.2 8.6 12.4
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5.3 8.7 12.6
3 0.0 0.5 1.0 31 5.5 8.8 12.7
4 0.0 1.3 2.0 32 5.6 9.0 12.8
5 0.3 1.9 2.9 33 5.7 9.1 12.9
6 0.6 2.5 3.8 34 5.8 9.2 13.0
7 0.8 3.1 4.6 35 5.9 9.3 13.1
8 1.0 3.5 5.3 36 6.0 9.3 13.1
9 1.3 4.0 6.0 37 6.1 9.4 13.2
10. 1.5 4.4 6.6 38 6.2 9.5 13.3
11 1.7 4.8 7.1 39 6.3 9.6 13.4
12 1.9 5.2 7.6 40 6.3 9.6 .13.4
13 2.2 5.5 8.1 41 6.4 9.7 13.4
14 2.4 5.8 8.5 42 6.4 9.7 13.4
15 2.6 6.1 8.9 43 6.5 9.7 13.4
16 .2.8 6.3 9.3 44 6.5 9.8 13.5
17 3.1 6.6 9.7 45 6.5 9.8 13.5
18 3.3 6.8 10.0 46 6.5 9.9 13.5
19 3.5 7.0 10.3 47 6.5 9.9 13.5
20 3.7 7.2 10.6 48 6.5 9.9 13.5
21 3.9 7.4 10.9 49 6.5 10.0 13.5
22 4.0 7.6 11.2 50 6.5 10.0 13.5
23 4.2 7.8 11.4 51 6.5 10.0 13.5
24 4.4 8.0 11.6 52 6.5 10.0 13.5
25 4.6 8.2 11.8 53 6.5 10.0 13,5
26 4.8 8.3 12.0 54 6.5 10.0 13.5
27 4.9 8.4 12.2 55 6.5 10.0 13.5
28 5.0 8.5 12.3

a1-3/5 bushel box equivalents

Source: Savage

bDuncan

Table 7.--Estimated yield per tree for seedless grapefruit

Age of tree Low Average High Age of tree Low Average High

(boxes) (boxes)

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 4.3 7.3 10.3
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 4.4 7.4 10.5
3 0.0 0.5 1.0 26 4.5 7.5 10.7
4 0.2 1.1 1.7 27 4.6 7.6 10.9
5 0.5 1.7 2.4 28 4.7 7.7 11.1
6 0.7 2.2 3.0 29 4.8 7.7 11.2
7 1.0 2.7 3.5 30 4.8 7.8 11.4
8 1.2 3.2 4.1 31 4.9 7.8 11.5
9 1.5 3.6 4.7 32 4.9 7.9 11.6
10 1.7 4.0 5.2 33 4.9 7.9 11.7
11 2.0 4.3 5.7 34 5.0 7.9 11.8
12 2.2 4.7 6.1 35 5.0 8.0 11.9
13 2.4 5.0 6.6 36 5.0 8.0 11.9
14 2.6 5.3 7.0 37 5.0 8.0 11.9
15 2.8 5.5 7.4 38 5.0 8.0 12.0
16 3.0 5.7 7.8 39 5.0 8.0 12.0
17 3.2 6.0 8.2 40 5.0 8.0 12.0
18 3.4 6.2 8.6 41 5.0 8.0 12.0
19 3.5 6.4 8.9 42 5.0 8.Q 12.0
20 3.7 6.6 9.2 43 5.0 8.0 12.0
21 3.9 6.8 9.5 44 5.0 8.0 12.0
22 4.0 6.9 9.8 45 5.0 8.0 12.0
23 4.2 7.1 10.0

a -

1-3/5 bushel box equivalents
barsh and Pink

Source: Savage

Table 8. Estimated yield per tree for selected citrus varieties

Age Earlyb and mid- Late seasond Temple oranges Seedy Seedless
of seasonC oranges oranges grapefruit Grapefruit
Tree Low Avg. High Low Avg. High Low Avg. Nigh Low Avg. High Low Avg. High

(boxes) (boxes) (boxes) (boxes) (boxes)
4 0.55 0.68 0.92 0.30 0.68 0.80 0.50 0.70 0.80 1.00 1.26 1.78 1.10 1.44 1.72
5 0.69 0.85 1.15 0.38 0.85 1.00 0.60 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.58 2.23 1.38 1.80 2.15
6 0.83 1.02 1.38 0.46 1.02 1.20 0.70 1.10 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.68 1.66 2.16 2.568
7 0.94 1.26 1.62 0.60 1.18 1.36 0.82 1.22 1.42 1.75 2.21 3.07 2.04 2.55 2.97
8 1.03 1.59 1.86 0.82 1.34 1.64 0.94 1.3-1 1.64 1.97 2.52 3.41 2.53 2.97 3.32
9 1.12 1.92 2.10 1.04 1.50 1.93 1.05 1.45 1.85 2.09 2.83 3.75 3.02 3.39 3.67
10 1.21 2.25 2.34 1.26 1.66 2.22 1.17 1.57 2.07 2.21 3.14 4.09 3.36 3.81 4.08
11 1.30 2.58 2.66 1.48 1.82 2.51 1.29 1.69 2.29 2.33 3.45 4.43 3.52 4.23 4.61
12 1.40 2.90 3.00 1.70 2.00 2.80 1.40 1.80 2.50 2.47 3.75 4.81 3.70 4.64 5.20
13 1.70' 3.07 3.36 1.89 2.17 2.99 1.62 1.95 2.68 2.55 3.91 5.09 3.93 4.90 5.49
14 2.01 3.26 3.72 2.02 2.36 3.18 1.74 2.10 '2.86 2.64 4.10 5.43 4.14 5.14 5.eO
16 2.31 3.45 4.08 2.12 2.55 3.36 1.85 2.25 3.05 2.73 4.29 5.77 4.35 5.38 6.11
14 2.56 3.64 4.44 2.23 2.74 3.55 1.97 2.40 3.23 2.82 4.48 8.11 4.56 5.62 6.42
17 2.80 3.83 4.80 2.34 2.93 3.74 2.24 2.55 3.41 2.91 4.67 6.45 4.77 5.86 6.73
Id 3.04 4.02 5.16 2.44 3.12 3.92 2.20 2.70 3.60 3.00 4.86 6.79 4.08 6.10 7.04
19 3.28 4.21 5.52 2.55 3.31 4.11 2.37 2.97 3.96 3.09 5.05. 7.13 5.19 6.34 7.35
20 3.45 4.37 5.82 2.65 3.47 4.34 2.54 3.24 4.32 3.41 5.36 7.48 5.37 6.55 7.59
21 3.56 4.52 6.05 2.76 3.62 4.61 2.71 3.51 4.67 3.95 5.77 7.68 5.52 6.73 7.77
22 3.67 4.67 6.29 2.87 3.77 4.88 2.88 3.78 5.03 4.49 6.18 7.84 5.67 6.91 7.95
23 3.78 4.82 6.52 2.98 3.92 5.16 3.05 4.05 '5.39 5.03 6.59 8.08 5.82 7.09 8.13
24 3.89 4.97 6.76 3.09 4.07 5.43 3.22 4.32 5.74 5.47 7.00 8.64 .. .5.97 7.27 8.31
25 & over 4.00 5.10 7.00 3.20 4.20 5.70 3.40 4.60 6.10 5.80 7.40 9.20 6.10 7.44 8.50

al-3/5 bushel box equivalents
bNavel and Hamlin
CParaou Brown and Pineapple

d Valencia
eDuncan
fUarab and Pink

Source: Florida Department of Citrus (4)

This publication was produced at a cost of $120.77, or $1.21 per copy, to inform citrus growers, grove managers, grove
owners, investors and appraisers on how to use the software. 10-100-87

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