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LRYMATION OF LLABUM.

SELECT A PLANT

A Landscape Plant Information and Retrieval
System for Florida

Henry Donselman, Timothy K. Broschat,
Dennis G. Watson, Alan W. Meerow

Version 1.5
October 1988

Copyright 1988
University of Florida
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences

* Henry Donselman, Associate Professor, Timothy K. Broschat, As-
sociate Professor, Ornamental Horticulture Department, Ft. Lauder-
dale Research & Education. Center, Dennis G. Watson, Assistant
Professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, and Alan W.
Meerow, Assistant Professor, Ornamental Horticulture Department,
Ft. Lauderdale Research & Education Center, Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT............................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1
Hardware and Software Requirements 1
USING THE LANDSCAPE PLANT RETRIEVAL
DATABASES ..........................................3
Database Organization 3
dBASE 6
dBXL 8
Q&A 9
PFS File and PFS Professional File 10
CONCLUSION ........................................13
TECHNICAL SUPPORT ................................14
ORDERING INFORMATION ............................14
APPENDIX File Format for ASCII Database Files .........15

ABSTRACT
The Landscape Plant Retrieval database consists of a compilation of the
trees, shrubs, ground covers, herbs and vines that can be grown in
Florida. The database must be used with one of the commercial
database management programs it is compatible with. Use of these
databases will allow the selection of well-adapted plant material for
specific sites throughout Florida. Additional horticultural and botani-
cal information is given for each plant.

INTRODUCTION
One of the most critical aspects in developing an aesthetic and energy
efficient landscape in Florida is the selection of ornamental plants that
both fit the landscape design and are well adapted to the area where
the landscape is being installed. A database containing information
about these plants can serve as a useful tool in determining the best
plants for the site.

Database management programs allow a user to enter specific criteria
such as height of the plant, drought tolerance, flower color, etc. and
then, very quickly develop a list of plants with their cultural require-
ments that meet these criteria. This plant retrieval database can replace
the tedious process of hand-searching through lists of plants or through
numerous books. It also contains the type of information needed by a
landscape architect, nurseryman or landscape installer to determine if
the plant is really suitable for their needs.

Hardware and Software Hardware and Software
Requirements Requirements
This software was designed for use on IBM PC-compatible computers.
The landscape plant retrieval database is not a "stand alone" program.
It can only be used in conjunction with a database management
program. To allow maximum flexibility, the files have been compiled
for several database management programs. These include dBASE m
(Ashton Tate), dBXL (Wordtech Systems), PFS File or PFS Professional
File (Software Publishing Corp.) and Q&A (Symantec Corp.). If you
already utilize another type of database, an ASCII file is also available.
Many database management programs can import an ASCII file and
convert it to the appropriate format. Check the manual of your database
management program to see if it can import an ASCII file.

The amount of computer memory required is dependent on your
database management program. A minimum of 256K is required by
most programs and some, such as dBXL and Q&A, require at least
512K.

Databases, by nature, are generally large files. Because of this, the sort-
ing process used in selecting plants can be slow (1-2 minutes) if you use

Select A Plant

a floppy disk. If you plan on using this database regularly it is ad-
visable to install both your database management program and the
database files on a hard disk. If you have not done so already, follow
the directions in the documentation for your database management
program to install it on the hard disk. Copy the database files for the
Landscape Plant Retrieval database into the same directory as your
database management program. This will greatly speed up searches
for the plants you want.

A printer is optional but will allow you to organize the information by
printing out tables that consist of the plants you select. The manual for
your database management program explains how to create and print
tables.

Select A Plant

USING THE LANDSCAPE

PLANT RETRIEVAL

DATABASES
Although this documentation describes using the database with
several different database management programs, you will have only
received data files for the database management program of your
choice. Files for the various database management programs are as fol-
lows:
dBASE M or dBASE III Plus TREES.DBF, SHRUBS.DBF,
GCOVER.DBF, HERBS.DBF, and VINES.DBF.

dBXL TREES.DBF, SHRUBS.DBF, GCOVER.DBF, HERBS.DBF,
and VINES.DBF.

PFS File or PFS Professional file TREES.PFS, SHRUBS.PFS,
GCOVER.PFS, HERBS.PFS, and VINES.PFS.

Q&A TREES.DTF, SHRUBS.DTF, GCOVER.DTF, HERBS.DTF,
and VINES.DTF. Also included are files for use by the Intel-
ligent Assistant portion of Q&A. These are appended with
.IDX (such as TREES.IDX, SHRUBS.IDX, etc.).

ASCII format TREES.ASC, SHRUBS.ASC, GCOVER.ASC,
HERBS.ASC, and VINES.ASC. Refer to the Appendix for
database file formats.

Instructions for the use of your specific database management program
are in the documentation you received when you purchased your
program. You will have to become familiar with your database
management program before you can efficiently use the Landscape
Plant Retrieval database.

Database Organization Database Organization
The files which are part of the Landscape Plant Retrieval database are
organized in a similar manner. The items included in the database file
for each plant are described below. These items are generally the same
for the trees, shrubs, ground covers, herbs, and vines databases.
Natural height and sort height do not apply to vines and are not in-
cluded in the vines database. Plant spacing, annual use and planting
season items are added for herbs. Shape is an item describing the shape
of the plant which is used only with trees.

The description of each item or field in the databases includes the name
of the field followed by the type in parentheses, a description of the
field and any key words which are used in the fields. The names of the
fields may be abbreviated for some of the database programs, due to a

Select A Plant

limitation on the amount of characters for a field name. The two types
of fields used are character and numeric, where numeric means that in-
formation in that field can only be a number, whereas character types
can include any combination of letters and numbers.

Scientific name (character) the scientific name of the plant.

Common name (character) the common name of the plant.

Natural height (character) range of the plant's mature height, in
feet.

Sort height (numeric) the most common height of the plant used
for sorting plants, in feet.

Growth rate (numeric) growth rate of the plant expressed as
SLOW, MEDIUM, or FAST.

Soil pH(character) suitable soil pH for the plant expressed as
ACID, ALKALINE, or WIDE.

Hardiness zone (character) suitable zone for the plant expressed
as NORTH (suitable for use in north Florida), CENTRAL
(suitable for use in central Florida, e.g. Orlando, Tampa
vicinity), SUBTROPICAL (withstands light frost) or TROPI-
CAL (very cold sensitive).

Salt tolerance (character) salt tolerance of the plant expressed as
LOW (not salt tolerant), MEDIUM (moderately salt tolerant),
HIGH (very salt tolerant).

Drought tolerance (character) drought tolerance of the plant ex-
pressed as LOW (not drought tolerant), MEDIUM (moderate-
ly drought tolerant), HIGH (very drought tolerant).

Native (character) is the plant native to the area expressed as YES
or NO.

Plant type (character) the type of plant expressed as
EVERGREEN, DECIDUOUS, or PALM for shrubs and trees;
WOODY, EVERGREEN or HERBACEOUS for ground covers;
ANNUAL, RAMBLING, TENDRILS, TWINING, SPINY,
EVERGREEN, DECIDUOUS, or AERIAL ROOTS for vines;
and ANNUAL, PERENNIAL, BIENNIAL, SUCCULENT,
RHIZOME, EPIPHYTE, BULB, CORM, TUBER, or AQUATIC
for herbs.

Light requirement (character) light requirements of the plant ex-
pressed as LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH.

Select A Plant

Foliage color (character) color of the plant foliage expressed as
one or more of the following: GREEN, VARIEGATED,
PURPLE, YELLOW, RED, WHITE, GRAY, SILVER, BLUE, or
PINK. Colors separated by a 'f indicates possible different
colors on different plants. The 'f can be thought of as an 'or'
symbol. Two colors separated by a'-' indicates a combination
of those colors, for example red-purple. Two colors separated
by a'&' indicates two separate colors in the foliage, for example
PURPLE & GREEN means the foliage is purple and green.

Flower color (character) color of the flower expressed as one or
more of the following: GREEN, WHITE, ORANGE, PINK,
PURPLE, RED, BLUE, YELLOW, BROWN, BURGUNDY, or
LAVENDER. The use of 'f, '-', and '&' in the color description
is the same as for foliage color described above.

Flower characteristic (character) characteristic of the flower ex-
pressed as SHOWY, CONTINUOUS, INSIGNIFICANT,
FRAGRANT, or CONE. CONE is used for gymnosperms.

Flowering season (character) season during which the plant
flowers expressed as SPRING, SUMMER, FALL, WINTER or
YEAR-ROUND. In the herbs database only, two flowering
season fields NORTH (including Central Florida) and SOUTH
are used to describe flowering seasons in different part of
Florida.

Nutritional requirements (character) nutritional requirements of
the plant expressed as LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH.

Uses (character) typical uses of the plant. For trees expressed as
PARKS, RESIDENCES, MEDIANS, BOULEVARDS, PARK-
ING LOTS, PERIMETER, BUFFERS, SHADE, EDIBLE FRUIT,
or PROBLEM TREE. For shrubs expressed as SPECIMEN
PLANT, INFORMAL HEDGE, FORMAL HEDGE, PROBLEM
PLANT, GOUNDCOVER, or EDIBLE FRUIT. For ground
covers expressed as UNDER TREES, BANKS & SLOPES,
OPEN AREAS, EDGES, EDIBLE FRUIT or SEASIDES. For
vines expressed as TREES, TRELLISES, FENCES,
GROUNDCOVER, EDIBLE FRUIT, or MASONRY. For herbs
expressed as SPECIMEN PLANT, CUT FLOWERS, CUT
FOLIAGE, BORDERS, ROCK GARDENS, BEDS, AQUATIC,
SEMI-AQUATIC, SCREENS, PROBLEM PLANT, or EDIBLE.

Spacing (numeric) recommended spacing, in feet (herbs database
only).

Texture (character) texture of the foliage expressed as FINE,
MEDIUM, or COARSE.

Select A Plant

Shape (character) overall shape of plant expressed as OVAL,
ROUND, PYRAMIDAL, PALM-SHAPED, SPREADING,
COLUMNAR, WEEPING, OR VASE (trees database only).

Annual use (character) regions where plant is usually replanted
every year,expressed asNORTH, CENTRAL, SUBTROPICAL,
or TROPICAL (herbs database only).

Planting season (character) Two fields: NORTH (including
Central Florida) and SOUTH of recommended planting
seasons for herbs expressed as SPRING, SUMMER, FALL, or
WINTER (herbs database only).

Notes (character) other notes on the plant.

Some plants are listed in the databases under old scientific names
which may still be used in the trade. For these plants, all other fields
are left blank, except that the notes field lists the current scientific name.
Complete information about the plant can be found under its current
scientific name.

Procedures for using the databases vary with the database manage-
ment programs. The following sections briefly describe how to begin
using the databases with dBASE, dBXL, PFS File and PFS Professional
File and Q&A.

dBASE dBASE

dBASE is probably the most common database management program.
The plant data files were prepared for dBASE III Plus, but will also
work with dBASE Il. To use the plant data files with dBASE copy them
to the same directory as dBASE and start dBASE. The following ex-
ample is not intended to teach you how to use dBASE, but guide you
through one sample usage of the trees database. There are also shrubs,
vines and ground cover databases. Once dBASE has started, you
should see a prompt, which is a period. Now type ASSIST. You will
see the ASSIST menu with the sub-menu under Set Up being displayed.
To select a menu option use the up and down arrow keys to move the
highlight box until the option you want is highlighted and press Enter.

For this example, we want to find all palm trees which are native to
Florida and are drought tolerant. The next steps to follow to get a list
of these plants are:

Select Database file
Select C: or the drive which contains the data files
Select TREES.DBF
Enter N in response to the question "Is the file indexed?"
Press the right arrow key 4 times or until the Retrieve menu is
displayed
Select List

Select A Plant

Select Build a search condition
Select NATIVE
Select = Equal To
Enter YES (upper case letters are required)
Select Combine with .AND.
Select PLANTJTYPE
Select = Equal To
Enter PALM (upper case letters are required)
Select Combine with .AND.
Select DROUGHTTO
Select = Equal To
Enter HIGH (upper case letters are required)
Select No more conditions
Select Construct a field list
Select SCIEN_NAME
Select COMMONNAM
Press the right arrow to terminate the list selection
Select Execute the command
Enter N in response to "Direct the output to the printer?"

At this point you should see the following listing of trees.
Record# SCIEN NAME COMMON-NAM
94 COCCOTHRINAX ARGENTATA SILVER PALM
267 PSEUDOPHOENIX SARGENTII BUCCANEER PALM;CHERRY PALM
294 SABAL PALMETTO CABBAGE PALMETTO; SABAL PALM
328 THRINAX MORRISII KEY THATCH PALM
329 THRINAX PARVIFLORA FLORIDA THATCH PALM
330 THRINAX RADIATA THATCH PALM

In order to get a printout of this listing, you could have responded 'Y'
to the question, "Direct the output to the printer?".

Press SPACE BAR to return to the ASSIST menu
Press the left arrow twice or until the Update menu is displayed.
Select Browse

At this point you have a listing of all of the trees in the data file, with
the scientific and common names displayed. Only the last entry in the
file is visible at this time. At the bottom of the screen just to the right
of center, you will see a box with Rec: 352/352 displayed. This means
the record currently highlighted is number 352 out of 352 in the data
file. To view the other records press the up arrow or PgUp key. For
example, suppose you want to see more information on the Thatch
Palm. From the previous list, you will note that the Thatch Palm was
record # 330. With the cursor keys, move the highlight bar until record
# 330, Thrinaz Radiata is highlighted. By holding the Ctrl key down
while pressing the right arrow key, you can see additional information

Select A Plant

about the tree. Additional information about using dBASE is available
in your user's manual or other books available from book stores.

dBXL dBXL

dBXL is a database program which is compatible with dBASE III Plus,
but sells for considerably less. To use the plant data files with dBXL
copy them to the same directory as dBXL and start dBXL. The follow-
ing example is not intended to teach you how to use dBXL, but guides
you through one sample usage of the trees database with dBXL release
1.1. There are also shrubs, vines and ground cover databases. Once
dBXL has started type INTRO at the prompt. Select the BEGIN. To
select a menu option use the arrow keys to move the highlight box until
the option you want is highlighted and press Enter. The next steps to
follow are:

Select Use existing databases
Select TREES
Select No Index

At this point you should see a listing of trees by their scientific and com-
mon names. To see more of the information in the database press the
right arrow key while holding down on the Ctrl key. You can also use
the PgDn key to see the information about additional trees in the
database. If needed, refer to your dBXL manual on use of the cursor
keys to see the information in the database.

You have probably noticed that there are many entries in the database.
In order to use the database, we need to be able to select trees which
meet certain criteria. For example, we want to select all of the palm
trees which are native to Florida and are drought tolerant. To view
only these trees, press the Fl0 function key to access the dBXL INTRO
menu and perform the following steps:

Select VIEW
Select Filter
Select Create
Select NATIVE (press the PgDn or down arrow key to see field
names which are not currently visible in the Fields window)
Select = equal to
Enter YES (upper case letters are required)
Select More conditions linked with .AND.
Select PLANT.TYPE
Select = equal to
Enter PALM (upper case letters are required)
Select More conditions linked with .AND.
Select DROUGHTTO
Select = equal to
Enter HIGH (upper case letters are required)
Select Execute Command

Select A Plant

Now a listing of the six trees which are drought tolerant, native palms
are displayed. By holding the Ctrl key down while pressing the right
arrow key, you can view additional information about the trees.

Q&A Q&A
Q&A with its Intelligent Assistant allows one to ask questions by enter-
ing a sentence. The following steps will take you through a sample
usage of Q&A.

Start the Q&A program.
Enter I and press Enter to select the Intelligent Assistant.
(If you are using Q&A from a floppy disk, you will be
instructed to place the Intelligent Assistant disk in drive A.)
Enter A and press Enter to select the "Ask me to do something"
option.
Enter the drive, path and file name of the trees database file.
(For example: C:\QA\TREES)

You will now see a screen that says, 'Type your request in English in the
box above, then press return." At this point you can ask a question such
as '"What trees can I use for a parking lot that are less than 25 feet tall
and are drought tolerant." Q&A will sort through the trees database
and pull out those plants that meet these specific sort criteria and show
them to you in a table. If you end the sentence with ", alpha." Q&A lists
the plants in alphabetical order according to the scientific name. A
large vocabulary of words is included for the Intelligent Assistant in
the Landscape Plant Retrieval database. Q&A looks for these in the
.IDX file (TREES.IDX, etc.) so it has to be present in addition to the .DTF
file. This vocabulary allows you to customize your requests for your
area. For example, if you ask for "Shade trees for Ft. Lauderdale with
yellow, showy flowers" the program uses the vocabulary to substitute
"subtropical" for "Ft. Lauderdale". You can easily add synonyms to the
.IDX file to "teach" it words it doesn't recognize.

Continuing with a sample usage of the database, enter "What trees can
I use for a parking lot that are less than 25 feet tall and are drought
tolerant" and press Enter. Q&A begins parsing the sentence. First all
letters are changed to upper case. Next the word 'USE' will be high-
lighted and Q&A asks your assistance in interpreting that word. Enter
L and press Enter, telling Q&A to look for another interpretation. Next
after the words 'DROUGHT TOLERANCE', Q&A inserts '=HIGH' and
asks what you mean. Enter 2 and press Enter, because 'HIGH' is a
value in the field drought tolerance. Q&A next asks if it should prepare
a report. Respond YES be pressing Enter. After a moment, a listing of
the two trees (mimusops and silver palm) which meet the search
criteria are displayed. At the bottom of the screen you will see a list-
ing of the cursor keys which can be used to scroll the listing. When you
are done examining the list, press the F10 function key. After a mo-
ment, you will see a box at the top of your screen with a blinking cur-
sor. Q&A is now ready for you to enter another question.

Select A Plant

Type the question "Shade trees for Ft. Lauderdale with yellow, showy
flowers". As Q&A parses the sentence, it changes'FT. LAUDERDALE'
to 'SUBTROPICAL'. Press Enter to have a report displayed. After a
moment, a list of five trees is displayed which meet the criteria of the
question.

Additional instruction on how to use Q&A can be found in the user's
manual. Q&A can also be used without the Intelligent Assistant, and
allow you to search for plants.

PFS File and PFS PFS File and PFS Professional File
Professional File
PFS File and PFS Professional File are other popular database manage-
ment programs. The following is an sample usage of the trees database
with PFS Professional File.

Start PFS Professional File.
Enter 3 to select "3 Search/Update"
Enter TREES.PFS (The .PFS is required; you may need to change
the path specification).
Enter 1 to select "1 Review/Edit records".

Your screen will look like the following:

Fl-Help F2-Edit F3-Form F4-Quick Entry
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
COMMON NAME:
NATURAL HEIGHT: SORT HEIGHT:
GROWTH RATE: SOIL pH:
HARDINESS: SALT TOLERANCE:
DROUGHT TOLERANCE: NATIVE:
PLANT TYPE: LIGHT REQUIREMENTs
FOLIAGE COLOR:
FLOWER COLOR:
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS:
FLOWERING SEASON:
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
USES:

NOTES:
.....................................................................................
TREES.PFS Choose records to edit. Page 1 of 1 Eac-Cancel
FlO-Continue

Using the keywords listed in the database organization section, if you
want to search for drought tolerant, native palms from the tree
database, you would put in the following retrieval information.

Press the Tab key repeatedly until the cursor is just to the right
of DROUGHT TOLERANCE.
Enter high
Press the Tab key
Enter yes (adjacent to NATIVE)
Press the Tab key

Select A Plant

Enter palm (adjacent to PLANT TYPE)

The display should look similar to the following.

Fl-Help F2-Edit F3-Form F4-Quick Entry
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
COMMON NAME

NATURAL HEIGHT: SORT HEIGHTs
GROWTH RATE: SOIL pH:

HARDINESS: SALT TOLERANCE:
DROUGHT TOLERANCE: high NATIVE: yes
PLANT TYPE: palm LIGHT REQUIREMENT:

FOLIAGE COLORs
FLOWER COLOR:
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS:
FLOWERING SEASONs

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

USES!

NOTES

TREES.PFS Choose records to edit. Page 1 of 1 Esc-Cancel
F0lo-Continue

Press the FlOfunction key. Aftera slight delay, the display will be filled
with information about the first palm (silver palm) which meets the
search criteria. By pressing the F10 key again you will see information
about another tree which meets the search criteria. After viewing the
information on the five trees, press ESC to return to the Search/Update
menu.

Oftentimes more than one word is listed in a field such as flower color
(YELLOW; RED), flowering season (SPRING; SUMMER; FALL), or the
notes (SUSCEPTIBLE TO MITES, REQUIRES FREQUENTPRUNING).
To search these fields you need to precede and follow the word you are
searching for with "..", for example, to look for all the yellow flowering
trees that bloom in the summer and are suitable for a residence you
would enter like the following.

Fl-Help F2-Edit F3-Form F4-Quick Entry
SCIENTIFIC NAME:
COMMON NAME:

NATURAL HEIGHT: SORT HEIGHT:
GROWTH RATE: SOIL pH:

HARDINESS: SALT TOLERANCE:
DROUGHT TOLERANCE: NATIVE:
PLANT TYPE: LIGHT REQUIREMENT:

FOLIAGE COLOR:
FLOWER COLOR: ..yellow..
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS:
FLOWERING SEASON: ..sumuer..

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

USES: ..residence..

NOTES:

TREES.PFS Choose records to edit. Page 1 of 1 Eso-Cancel
F10-Continue

Select A Plant

These two periods (..) let the program know that words may precede
or follow the "search" word you are looking for, and to go ahead and
pull out that information. It is not even necessary to spell the word out
completely; ..QUE.. when placed in the first field under scientific names
will pull out all of the species of Quercus (Oaks). Remember, if you
think there is a chance that more than one word is listed in a field al-
ways precede and follow your word with two periods.

There are many other kinds of search conditions you can set up, such
as trees greater than 0 or less than 0 50', or between a certain range
such as between 20 and 40'. The manual or help screen (Fl) for your
database will explain the various search conditions you can set up.
When you are using height as a search condition always use the Sort
Height field since this value has been entered as a single number.

Select A Plant

CONCLUSION

The Landscape Plant Retrieval databases can be useful in selecting
plant material that is adapted to specific landscape sites in central and
south Florida. The information presented in this database is based on
the best information available to the authors when it was compiled.
Much of the information contained in these databases was derived
from the Xeriscape Plant Guide (Donselman and Broschat, 1987), a
project funded in part by a grant from the South Florida Water Manage-
ment District. The University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricul-
tural Sciences, The South Florida Water Management District, and the
authors are not responsible for the accuracy of the contents of the
database nor the success of plants chosen through the aid of this
database for a landscape.

Information contained in the databases was derived from personal ex-
perience, observations by the authors, and from the following referen-
ces:
Long, Robert & Olga Lakela. 1971. A Flora of Tropical Florida.
Univ. of Miami Press, Miami, FL, 962 pp.
Dickey, R. D., et. al. 1958. Ornamental Vines for Florida. Bulletin
571, Univ. of Florida, 72 pp.
Donselman, H. & T. K. Broschat. 1987. Xeriscape Plant Guide. S.
FL Water Mngmt Distr. 32 pp.
Watkins, J. V. & T. J. Sheehan. 1975. Florida Landscape Plants.
Univ. of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL, 420 pp.
Morton, J. F. 1974. 500 Plants of South Florida. E. A. Seemann Pub.,
Inc., Miami, FL, 163 p.
L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus Third. MacMillan Pub.
Co., Inc., New York, 1290 pp.

Select A Plant

TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Should you need assistance in using the Landscape Plant Retrieval Sys-
tem please contact the IFAS Software Support office. Phone (904) 392-
7853 or write: IFAS Software Support, Bldg. 120 Room 203, Gainesville,
FL 32611.

ORDERING
INFORMATION
IFAS experts have developed this program and many others for
Florida's agricultural industries. If you would like to order a program
or request a free catalog, phone (904) 392-7853 or write: IFAS Software
Support, Bldg. 120 Room 203, Gainesville, FL 32611.

Select A Plant

APPENDIX

File Format for ASCII Database Files

Each of the database files with an extension of "ASC" are in the ASCII
file format. Each line in the file is a record (plant) in the database.
Within each line, each of the fields are separated by commas. The fields
are of variable length. Alphanumeric items (all but Sort height) are
enclosed in double quotes. The order of the items in each record varies
some among the five databases. The following listing, lists the five
databases and the order in which the items are contained within the
databases.

TREES:
Scientific name, Common name, Natural height, Sort height, Growth
rate, Soil pH, Hardiness zone, Salt tolerance, Light requirement,
Drought tolerance, Native, Plant type, Texture, Foliage color, Shape,
Flower color, Flower characteristic, Flowering season, Nutritional re-
quirements, Uses, Notes.

SHRUBS:
Scientific name, Common name, Natural height, Sort height, Growth
rate, Soil pH, Hardiness zone, Salt tolerance, Light requirement,
Drought tolerance, Native, Plant type, Texture, Foliage color, Flower
color, Flower characteristic, Flowering season, Nutritional require-
ments, Uses, Notes.

COVER:
Scientific name, Common name, Natural height, Sort height, Growth
rate, Soil pH, Hardiness zone, Salt tolerance, Texture, Drought
tolerance, Native, Plant type, Light requirement, Foliage color, Flower
color, Flower characteristic, Flowering season, Nutritional require-
ments, Uses, Notes.

HERBS:
Scientific name, Common name, Natural height, Sort height, Spacing,
Hardiness zone, Annual use, Plant type, Texture, Uses, Foliage color,
Flower color, Flower characteristic, Planting season (North), Planting
season (South), Flowering season (North), Flowering season (South),
Soil pH, Salt tolerance, Light requirement, Nutritional requirements,
Drought tolerance, Native, Notes.

VINES:
Scientific name, Common name, Natural height, Sort height, Growth
rate, Soil pH, Hardiness zone, Salt tolerance, Drought tolerance, Na-
tive, Light requirement, Plant type, Texture, Foliage color, Flower
color, Flower characteristic, Flowering season, Nutritional require-
ments, Uses, Notes.

Select A Plant

This publication was produced at a eclat of $161.17, or 2.44 cefts per copy, to provide the industry with a
comprehensive database on landscape plant information. 2-66-89

COOPRAAT#Ve SXTENS*0N SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, NSTriTUe OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES. MLL
Zkfhtstah, dirCto, Mo ooprafton wOt the Unilled Stats Departmen of Agriculturepbihsti norraint ute the puspos of the
M 8 and June 30. 1914 A03s of Conress, and LS autinonzed to provift nwrearh. educadonal Wnormiatio-n and other services only to
0%ndwe.ale "rd insttuon ftht futnction without regard to race, coWo sox, age, Wankca or national torgn. Strngge copies Of extension
(ulctons(xcludOnV 4-H and y"ut pubficationtt) are available treat to Florida residefts fornount extension offkIcs Willormation on bulik
mwta or c~opi Ior out-o-state purcasrs is avaiabl from C.M. Minto, Pubicaions. Distreaton Caer WFAS Bukchng 664, Unnvrst of
Florida. Gawnesville, Florida 32011. Before pubucizng tINs publbcaton edftors Should contact MAi addreso to detemine Wavaibfty