|
Tallahassee, F1i,., Jeb, 28, 1920.
At a meeting; of the Governor and i:ocu;ive Officers
of the Administrativo Departments hol in
the 28th., day of February, A. D. 1920, the following resolution was
unanimously adopted and ordered to be spread upon the records of
the executive Department; :
It is with deep sorrow that we learn of the death of
HonoraLble Willgam S. Jennings, a former Governor of this State
and we take this means of paying a tribute to the memory of neo of
Florida's leading citizens.
Honorable William Sherman Jennings, a native of the
State of Illinois, rermovou, to Florida when a young man, and his
life has boon one of devotion.and loyalty to j;ie adopted State, His
ability, ateadfastnoso *f purpose and inherent strength. of character
soon placed him in positions of trust and honor, he having served the
State as County Judge of Hernando County, member and Spe ker of the
House of Reprosentativoe, Prosidential Elector and as Governor, being
the youngest man ever chosen Chief Executive of this State. As a
distinguished member of the legal profession and a leader in the
development of the resources of the Stato, he has rendered servioos
that will over hold for him a place in the grateful memory of the people
of Florida. In private life he was a leader in his church and in all
movements for the moral and civic betterment of his fellow men.
It has been ordered, as a nark of our respect and esteem,
that the flag on the capitol building be placed at half mast and
that the capitol building be closed until after the funeral of our
honored fellow citizen and that a copy of this memorial be forwarded
to the family of the dooceased.
Attopeyr neraito
oupe Iurito elbli no
In the Supreme Court of Florida,
January Term, A. D. 1920.
Tallahassee, February 28th, 1920
The Court met pursuant to adjournment:
PRESENT-
Hon. Jefferson B. Browne, Chief Justice.
R. F. Taylor,
J, B. Whitfield :
W. H. Ellis ?
T. F. West : Justices
J. T. Wills, Circuit Judge
It is ordered that the following Memorial be spread upon a separate
page of the Minutes of the Court:
The Court has learned with deep sorrow of the death yes-
terday at St. Augustine of Honorable William S. Jennings, a former
Governor of Florida, and a distinguished member of the Bar of this
Court. The business of the Court will be suspended while a suit-
able tribute is paid to the memory of a most highly esteemed citi-
sen of the State.
When quite a young man Honorable William S. Jennings re-
moved from Illinois, his native State, to Plorida; and by reason
of his unusual ability, his high character, his remarkable energy
and his patriotic devotion to duty and loyalty to his associates,
he soon attained and has ever since held a foremost position of
honor and usefulness among the prominent men of the State.
Ad County Judqe of Hernando County, as a member and
Speaker of the House of Representatives, as Governor of the State,
as an honored and eminently useful member of the legal profession,
and as a potent factor in the development of the resources of the
State, he has rendered conspicuously able and patriotic services to
the State of Florida, whose people will ever remember him with senti-
ments of lofty regard.
A true copy.,.: .^ --. ... -
SClerk t --e-urt.
... g-
_ I I
Since William S, Jennings Became Governor of Florida:;
The State's bonded debt has been reduced from $1,032,500 to $601,667,
and the interest payments on the debt reduced $40,000 per annum.
In addition to that redu. i...,. In-. State, in the settlement of the Indian
War Claims, paid off :i--, "I of State bonds held by the United
States, with interest thereon from November 27, 1873, to June 30, 1902,
,iu,'.r.: ii in all to $396,212.66.
i',. -' ,t.- tax 1. for general revenue purposes--ncluding all the
general epxpn.es ..-. running the State government-has been reduced
1.. 1-'n nill--40 per cent lower than ever before.
'II, I ,'..- ,. 1: from hire of State convicts has increased from $21,000
to more than 'Ifn Ono per qnnu~ln- about 800 per cent. During the first
18 months of tr,: i. .-, -_1. i.. .soners made by the present admin-
istraton. the ,*'.:.,II,,.L .. i n- >,$50,000 more from the hire of con-
.. r r ,, i .. .r ii...:rh.,r ,', .,e whole 26 years i.. -.e i.h r -.:
present conti - 1- I : i l,.: n *. i i Il1111 l,-1 ...! .'i.r I 1,1111i
procured by !ri- r i'.:.i.- '.-t--*i 'E. .' ..'f I 'l'n .I'"" in four years,
or a million dollars for eight years, and each .-.:.. *iI i .-:1, .:ars.
Comparing receipts in the State Treasury .i-i. .r.II. r -..,ir...- tia.n
Direct taxation during the two years immediately preceding Gov.
inningss inauguration, with like r..:.:;i.t- during the first two years
of his term, it is found that the ;,in- r-l license tax increased irom
$315,065.75 to $373,356.01, a gain of $58,290.26, or 18.5 per cent ; insur-
*ce company taxes from $97,558.81 to $113,338.03, a gain of $15,779.00
'Or. 16 per cent.; interest on State deposits in banks, from $6,8?..30O
tn iTp.836.70, again of $11,949.40 or /d.5 per cent. Sale of fer-..zer
i-r.4i. from $14.ir.79 to $30,-260.00, a gain of $15,517.21, or 105 per
cent.; corporation charter tax, from $12,058 to to $18,068, a gain of
$6 010 or 50 per cent. ,
S. hs veto of unconstitutional and unnecessary items in the general
appropriation bill .-..1 1.. the Legislature of 1903, Governor Jennings
saved to tne tax -' rt- sum of $ 4q'.740, which is ..ii- i.-,rr. t.o .
I.-.-.ir:.-.r, in the Qtnte tax levy of two aVd one half n-,,-.
.-it tih.- C,. .-rr,.l .i recommendation, the tax sale certificates were
iinr-. i r.-.I back to the counties for sale and redemption, with the
re'i!t that receipts from this source increased from $75,824.07 in 1911
i.: rl,.-'.: 4 ,ii 1902-- 11 per cent increase,
T I, ri~lr,. lat Tax Assessors shall eliminate from the assessment
:toll- 12 1 ,:.i t,- .t i- L:...l-, ;r.._iu.1i ... ..11 I ii nd sold to the State for
.i |,*..,iJ r ,-:, t I[ i -i ,,)t i-,;,-, Ir ... r.r....i or r '. ,l'... -:J from the
Sti i," :,'-, ..i r,. St.i.e ir i,: r i' ...i .ii the ,t.ni .. -osts of tax
T hle n .. ,.0. i-: .-r, ', Ir,..r:, .. ,,.it ,...3 .-an'. .r.. .i.i
I uh,,- -. 1 i L r t .:!',,t ,i C ,,lno hld:-- .h I ..- _-_, I.r,"
i i -,, 11. -i,:, i i, .. mence ent of Gc" ..rri r. r.r -! -
g -t, < l.. -, L ,, I I .~- .r_ t r.= ine yea r I i i. .i. -I w1 ,..*..,* ,,_"
the i..-,,--;,,- of his term, the entire amount received from the sale
of :,..1. i.ii.- was $46,872.66, an increase during the first 2-J, years
of Gov. Jennings' term of $2,874.23 over the entire nine years preced-
ing; and the amount of bonds paid by the Trustees of the Internal
Improvement Fund amount to $49,264.54 which is more than was paid
u'.lin.ll il' previous nine years.
I'l-- i... of school lands in 1899 and 1900, the two years before Gov.
Jennings was inaugurated, aggregated $53,528.72; during 1901 and 1902
they aggregated $107,842.91-an increase of over 100 per cent.
The sales of Swamp and Overfloweu Lands, the proceeds going to
the Internal Improvement Fund of the State, have realized $32u o9.48.
During the entire ten years, from 1891 to 1900, both included, -.e
sales of Swamp and Overflowed Lands amounted to but $76,0-6.38.
This shows an increase during the 2-/2 years of Gov. Jennings' ad-
ministration over the entire ten years immediately preceding It of
$252,e73.10, or 329 per cent.
The State Capitol has been .-,r.:1 .1 rn.l -rctically rebuilt and
newly furnished. Many of the .?ii' i.i -i i .-.-'., including those for
higher education, have been extended and enlarged by new buildings,
new equipment and otherwise, at a cost ...1f ..r-.i..i,,-ii.. $300,000,
a noeraniy which has npver before been i.' ..- i Ii,-rinj.
The -i.1.1...,r.- ., by the State for institutions of higher education
in 1901 .,qj ,1,, -,., equal to the total appropriations for these insti-
tutions for all of the past 25 years.
The number of pensioners has increased from 758 in 1901 to nearly
2,500, requiring an annual increase of from $75,000( to about
-.N.I.. 1 r 100 per cent.
F..r tie encouragement of high schools in the various counties,
$50,000 has been appropriated, which has never been done before.
The number of Justices of the Supreme Court has.been increased
from 3 to 6, and the number of Circuit Judges and State Attor-
neys from 7 to 8. For the first time in 15 years final decisions can
now be had from the State Courts without damaging delays.
The eird._..!,,-. of the Florida State Troops has been graduany
improved, and the appropriations for cr.. Irl.n:-rl. n, amount to more
than for the previous six years.
Governor Jennings' successful management of State affairs, in its
relations '-.iil ili. ia.tional --.. imr-:rl, is evidenced not only by his
securing the prompt settlement of the Indian War Claim, after the
passage of the Act of Congress authorizing settlement, but he also
procured the adjustment and payment of $88,362.11 due the Florda
School Fund, $25,007.02 due the Trustees of the Internal Improvement
Fund on account .-.i :nn;i. :r,,.l Indemnity, and $9,3i6:2.1 due the
General Revenue -'i._ i .:. FlI:.i ..J on census account; and further
succeeded in ..11 .'-., for the State an additional sum of $13,248.00,
which was noh. i,.- I.i-., in the settlement as first made, by demanding
a reopening of the stated account and a restatement thereof so. as to
include the said $13,248. which had been omitted when tin- ia::;:,ut
wns first seLtleu in I ay9, and was not iereerred to in the Act 'Ii... .:'
Ii'. settlement. But for the vigilance of Governor Jennings this
amount so collected would have been lost to the Stait L.. ia.- I. l.:- I
in the settlement at first made under the Act. The (C.', rni..i Ii-.:, *..*l-
lected from the United States $51,00.00 for the sale ._i Lli -i 'ilti.-
stations, and procured a patent for three million acr.i ui l:,i..
N.'. i-i..: .i,.g the extraordinary appropriations made by the Leg-
il uli- ..I 1 "] -rid 1903, which has been paid out of t)l. ,* i.-.i i I:.- -
enue Fund, Gov. Jennings was enabled to reduce the rar.: ,i t-_:i'E2 ..n
for general revenue purposes from 3 mills, as uill.ir-.j L., EIi~ II.. L i.-
lature of 1903, to 1-3/ mills, which is 1 mill :'. ,Ir for gi.:-r: i .'.u
purposes than has ever before been levied i,-, Fi.lri. Li-..ng .ur. A-
lent to a saving of over $100,000. The State l..., i.li .. il.:, .1 r. .,...
for the past 11 years has been as follows: For years ;.,.: i'.:.u i' '.
it was higher:
Year.
1893, General Revenue ......... ......................... 4-mills
1894, General Revenue ................... .... ........ 4-',ni. .,
1895, General Revenue ................. ......... i- r' ...
l ji, General Revenue ............. 1...1............ .
1897 General Revenue ..................................... -
1898, General Revenue ...... .................... 3 minds;
1899, General Revenue ....... .......................... .. 3 mills;
1900, General Revenue ............... ...................... 2-%mils;
19ul, General Revenue ..................................... ..
1902, General Revenue .............................., .
1903, General Revenue ................................. 1-mils.
When Gov..Jennings was inaugurated in January 1901, the State
Treasury had i.r. i- ::. n in its general revenue fund, after de-
ducting items -,.r ...., I i State treasurer to m .-:i iiT .1. : .i.::i-
cies in the Asylum and Board of Health Funds, ana -i.- -.!.i..-,-- i r it-
t.ndin" the T.ei?-iHti-'e session of that year. On A.ug,-.[ 1. 1i".,. .it-
Si-i ,,,,IC iie '.iaordinary Legislati-- rr.l..r,:.r, t[.:n .- 1i.....
.t I i o. ri.l iI :-n. ral expenses of the -r.t.. I,-, ha iI *'1 1- ti -rl : v'- t r
$189,361.44 in the general revenue fund of ,i.- il.- b1 -.'e .ur..
SUMMARY.
Upon the basis of the Fi; ur.: .:r. ',.ove, which show some of tir.
economies effected in l .; ... 'r.n-.t during the first tto years
of Governor Jennings' administration, both in actual savings of expen-
ditures, and in procuring revenue from other sources than the tax-
ation of, the people, it is easy to see that the savings to the people
during the entire four years of this administration will aggregate a
very large figure.
It is a modest and conservative estimate to state that the savings
accomplished during the first two years of Gov. Jenrings' term will
be maintained and materially increased during the last -two years.
But ',.ine the basis of the official figures shown above, the result is
that i.:., 1'.; four years:
The annual reduction of $40,000 in interest paid on the
i.,,i.i:. .3*i.r ,vill save the taxpayers ............ ........ $160,000.00
-,,, . ,,.... of State lands from tax sales, saving $30,-
000 yearly, will save ................................ ... 120,000.00-
The reduction of one mill in the State tax levy for general
revenue will save $106,000 for each 1903 and 1904, or.... 212,000.00
The increased revenue from hire of State prisoners will
average $139,000 for each of four years ................ .1r;,i'" ')
The increase in the -.. -i l from the following sources
(not direct taxation. ..ill ne:
General License Taxes ............................ ......... 11 .
Insurance C.-***.*- i Taxes................... .. ......** ... ....' .'
Interest on L. ..:.'". State Monies in banks.............. -J.a
Sale of Fertilizer Stamps .................................. 31,C,34'.
Corporation Charter Tax........... ......................... 1-'.i -
Sale and Redemption of 'lx Certificates.................. 1.;.'. 4
Veto of unconstitutional and unnecessary items in appro-
priation bill of 1903.................. ........... ......... 1' '
Total saving from other sources ................. ..... $1,700,bo;2 <.
The saving of ths large sum, I ;I"' ..: . li vch may ac-
curately be termed the accomplishment *:r '.;.' J.-inn. .. administra-
tion in behalf of economic government.. - i I.' a saving of
about seventeen mills in tax levy upo, 11 l ii ,i t ,:i ; ,; t'- x'ble property
in Florida, or an average of four ain.rl oi-ne quJri, r nllls for each
year of his term. Now --.-a thd State i ': :. '. 11 ll. i-, .ir.ru II general ex-
p-n.o C from a levy of one and one :'il nills. pr.:..i'- ing a. little over
fl-,ii, 1, it is an easy mathematical deduccton that tlie saving efi":t-
ed during Gov. Jennings term would cover ali h:,'se gnnor'al expenses
for a period of nearly twelve years-From Tallahassee Correspondence
of The Atlanta Constitution.
he career of Governor Jennings has made a good many of the peopb
plr he political portion especially- stand in open eyed wonder as
he- passed them on his upward iead to political preferment but to the
people among whom he cast his lot when he selected Florida as his
home, it has been no matter of surprise at all just because thyy know
the man.
There is a trite old sayigg, "If you want to know a man, live in
a small town with him;" and that is just what the people who know Gov-
ernot Jennings best and trust him most implicitly have done since No-
vember, 1885, eighteen years. Part of these years filled to ouerllowia
ing with all the good that could fall to the lot of isumanity and part
filled to the brim with the bitterest draughts of disaster, poverty,
--d.isappointment and almost despair. Governor Jennings was with us in
S all those days, and sunshine or shadow he was I ust the srame. Bright
earnest, forceful, hopeful and tereless in whatever his hand found to
do, yet always with time to listen to the cares of another and ready t
to lend a helping hand as well as to utter words of encouragement. We
all know him but there are som; of our readers in the State who have
but a passing acquaintance and that a political or official one, so
we will go back a little and tell them who and what he is.He was born
in MaIrch 1863, on his fathers farm in IllInois where he spent all his
boyhood days. His great grandfather was a Marylander, born near the
Virginia line, his grandfather was a native of Culpepper county Vir-
ginria and his gr ndhother, a daughter of Charleston S C.
He came to a young man-of pleasing address, easy courteous man-
nh;ar." a carrying on his face the stamp of an earnest honest purpose;
he made friends rapidly, he liked the country and the people so well
that he determined to become one of us and after a course of reading
in Florida law he applied for, was abmited to the bar an. opened his o
- office in Brooksville where hi quickly began to climb up'in his pro-
fession, building in an astonishingly short time a very large and re-
munerative practice. Whatever he did, he did with all the power that
was in him and it is needless to say that what he he did vas well done
let the task have been great or small,each received 9emxeJxSxatkBmxa,
conscientious attention. Shortly after lyis admission to the bar he
was appointed Court Commissioner, subsequently he was elected County
Judge. He served as the representative o 'Hernando county in the legis-
latures 4f 1893 and 1895 and was speaker of the House in 1895. In 1896
he was elected Presidential Elector and was chairman of the State Dem-
ocratic Convention at Orlando in 1898. For fuor years he was President
of our Town Council and in every position he measured up to the fulletL
expectations of all his friends
Reared in the strictest school of Democracy, he has never scratch
ad a ticket or taken an exception to the platform of the party and in
all his career he has steadily refused to ally himself with any fac-
tional movement or even to suffer his name to be connected with any
matter that tened in the direction of faction beleivinj; that the ma-
jority of the party had the inalienable to demand and expect the alle- ,
glance of the minority and that factional disagreements should always
be discountenanced. He has always taken an active part in every move-
ment small or great, that looked to the general good and by his earnest"
effort and liberal views, his quick perception and charitable consider
ration of both men ,and measures he has won the confidence and respect
of the whole people. He has never been defeated for any position to
which he aspired,the faith of the people in his steadfastness snd hon-
esty of purpose was clearly sho*n when as Presidential Elector and I~k
/a. r as as Governor they gave him the highest ever cast for a Demoe
er Fic candidate in Florida.
S/ His political success has been remarkable yet not surprising
/ enAit is remembered that in all, through all, and over all he has
,Been theuncompromising freind champion of the
"Id and chMpion Of the .1
A commoner in the truest, purest sense of the term he has never allowed
ed himself to become entangled in any manner that would separate him
from the people and thtt would in any manner hamper his freedom of
action, thought or speech and is as a cosequence in perfect sympathy
with all classesCand free to do at all times that his conscience told
him was tightc.and farxJmxkixtxltBitzrs3zx which the best interests of
the people demanded.
In the performance of the duties imposed on him by the constitu-
tion, to veto all bills obnoxious to that instrument, he has shown
that regardless of what the effect might be on his personal aspira-
tions, he has been faithful and fearless and ever watchful.
With a clearly defined conception of the'needs of the State he
ecognizedthe necessity for the proper encouragement of every legiti-
to-hel p- in the development of al+ the resour-
Oes he State. He recognizes the advafltage that will accrue to
the people from organized and combined effort but at the sane time
Bces all upon'the same plane, demanding obedience to law as the only
true safeguard of organized society. The public interests, while it
requires for its dest and spediest advancement, large associations of
capital, demands also that these associations shall be controlled and
kept where thyy properly belong, the aids, allies and assistants OC-
tdAand not the masters of the people.
All the campaigns of Governor Jennings have been made on the sounL
common sense principle that corporations have rights that should be
respected and that the people have rights that must be protected at
zhars if the State-is.-to continue to grow in wealhgand populatiQf-.
js 'rnorid univ e.lly popyiyoit polztical
me bitter enemies, Spemie ie has
to bekight 2 a' refused o to. .
wishes-'of those who looked at matters from a stand po
Afgit-n or'promotion. Some were opposed to for a time btC sit ey did
not know him and had listened to his traducers and some of these once
ttern opponents have become his staunch friends as they have watched h
his course and have, through understanding, learned to admire the char
acter of the man who, in the face of powerful political pressure, Ap&kx
-bitter, vindictive opposition, personal abuse flattery, cajolleyy and
thea-ia-peci- of political preferment and gain, had the honesty and Ran
courage to stand by his convictions and do what he felt and beleived
to be tightand for the best interests of the people.
Every fsirminded man, even though he is opposed to him does
the governor the justice to admit that his administration has not its
equal in the history of the State or in fact in any other Southern
State and also to admit that Governor Jennings is that "noblest woi1n
of God, an honest man.
The saving of almost a million and a half of dollars to the State
that has been effected during his administration, the improvement in
every department of State government and the progress along every line
of development in the State has been a gratifying surprise to all.
The success ot Governor Jennings' administration has been beyond the
wildest dreams of those who placed him in charge of their affairs, tge
governor modestly disclaims the credit for the work that has3been manm
accomplished, says his cabinet, his advisers and assistants are enti-
tled to the larger part of the credit but when the people call him to
that wide field of service, that of United States Senator, his worp
for and in behalf of the whole State of Florida will be equally as
full of advantages to the State and as full of pleasing surprises to
his friends, thy people, as has been his career as Governor of Florida
Vol. 12.
FLORIDA
(Department of Agrlculture.)
..Monthly Bulleti
No. 73.
iIL^
S MARCH, 1902.
B. E. McLIN, Commissioner of Agriculture,
TALLAHASSEE, FLA.
Part 1. Crops.
Part II. Pertlllzera.
Part III. leather Report.
Part IV. VMlacellaneoum.
TALLAHAMSIEAN BOOK AND JOB OFFICE, TALLAHASSEE, FLA.
to those requesting them . .
I
==k
I
County Map of the State of Florida.
(Foz che Bulletin.)
Notice.
With this issue of the Monthly Bulletin its publication is resumed.
To our corps of correspondents we tender greetings, and trust that we
will continue to have their support and assistance in the work of making
the Bulletin the truthful exponent of agricultural conditions as they
exist throughout the periods of growth and maturity of the many and
various crops. It is the aim and desire of the Department to make the
Bulletin serve the interests of the people, and to do that, i l. tR.. II- it must
have the assistance of friends from all sections of the State; with such help
success and satisfaction is assured. The Bulletin will contain numerous
articles on subjects of great and growing interest to the agriculturists and
fruit growers of the State, and hopes by its efforts to add a good share to
the increasing prosperity and happiness of the people of Florida.
NOTE.-We suggest that all persons receiving copies of the Bulletin
keep them on file for future reference.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
-ION. B. E. McLiN, Cor. H. S. ELLIOT, Chief Clerk.
CORRESPONDENTS' NOTES.
ALAcIiUA COUNTY-The late cold and wet spring has retarded plant-
ing of field crops, which are fr.,'i two .i thli.i, weeks behind the usual time.
There will be a considerable in.:r..- in a J n number of crops this year. The
acreage nor condition of vegetables is not quite up to the usual owing to
unfavorable weather so often during winter and spring.
1I.'. Fi .\ ,,'A N T -- 'l, r ,:,ra n '_',.. ',. ,!'. i f. i-i L, l.111 t.-,: A .:1r '. ., ;
good 1pri'-:- hin 6., n :ol.it.,In, .i l otd th. i- .t b' -.it V jl':"''rn III tr'i:-. Po-
tatoes: are a bad stand, though an increased -acreage was planted, the crop
will not be; p to the average. M ostof the fiill :r..'p,. we grow are:very
good, and fruit trees all *1.:.!n well.
C .ti''-iiT. N CUNTY-Tl.- l,'rin. i jt la l -.:1 nit.luhi Vet, tlaf crops
are worse behind than for masn" years. Thi.-r. will be full, and in some in-
St,,- -, ..,. ,..,: .,. 1, :., -;,i l',, t,,l l: ilt : l t. "il ,.1 ..,rop s ; .. ..-
:pip ll late; Iriit tr,: i lg w ell. t : ,.: .... .
i .'II, :', .six-M:'t ,t the crops ar? .Ilong w1, though it been
Atoo c:-.,I f,,r sc'.i. ra of thl:ni,. li.'pinii tlh'i -hninck. rild causing them to grow
l,,. Tlh r,. is an n,.r.:,,.1 r.:.Jg, ii_, sevral -rp,. Ti, f iliij; ff in
sugar in,- il Aiu-,l 1.; ti:.- ,:.-.1 ,ttina flrost-bitten last 1fll b:-:re- it was
cut. Fri.it trees doing well.
CLAY COUNTY-We have had-plenty of rain, and good spring weather
i.al thll.'ugli Miar:h. Thi it.:reage in fi,-1] qrpps is abl.:ut the same as last
year, except in one instance there- i- a e,-t.-.1.-r'ail,.- in, r,..-:. Fruit trees
are doing well..
COLUMBIA COUNTY-The preparations for planting crops are much
more thorough than usual and there is a noticeable increase in the acreage
being planted to a number of field crops; planting is-quite late on account
of unfavorable spring weather. Fruit promises to be good; everything
blooming profusely, and trees seem to be more healthy.
DADE COUNTY-We have had a fine growing spring, and the vegetable
crops have done well, and brought satisfactory prices, which continue;
crops all look well. Fruit trees are doing unusually well, and prospects
are fine for a fine yield next fall.
DESoTo COUNTY-Weather conditions are rather too cool, but the-
: r. Tuiid g.ne.rally is in firl good working order; there is considerable in-
,,,creas*- ii several field crops,, also in the vegetable crops; conditions are"
fairly good, c-nii.ri'.'rh, the unfavorable weather. Fruit and fruit trees-
Sare looking well; fine crops are apparmiAtly assured.
E-.'A..in A CourNT-The Spring weather has been so cold and there is
Sso much rain. that there has '.,: :ii very little planting so far; the acreage
Swill I .... in. ri-a l in all field crops; x :-ei 1... .- i,,. 'i,,ui well ..,-iii in.g
Sth1. niil :v.,r.I,- w,.-,th:r. -It is too ,-Jil, to iii.k.: h it,: on ri.iit ,-ri'p,
but ill .- tr, ...-1 i looking well.
FRANKLIN COUNTY-The Spring has continued so backward that plant-
ing is slow; the heavy rains have also been a drawback; garden truck is
doing fairly ,. il.
G ~i'i.E: C.'.i:n'i-i Planting is very backward on account of the wet
cold weather; recently it has been so wet that little or no planting or other
field work could be done. There will be a considerable increase in acreage
of a majority of the crops.
HERNANDO COUNTY-There is a very general increase in the acreage of
Crops this year, and in several instances the increase is very large; crops
are in very good condition, and truck is doing well. Orange trees are com-
ing out finely and looking well; other fruit trees also doing well.
S HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY-Planting is backward, and few of the field
crops are finished planting. Vegetable crops are increased in acreage- and
turning ot well. Fruit trees doing well and a fine prospect for heavy
crops of fruit.
HOLMES COUNT--This is the latest, also the wettest, spring on record,
and has delayed planting very: much; all crops will be largely increased in
acreage this year. Garden crops are doing well and so are fruit trees.
JACKSON COUNTY-The rains du(ii ing Mar II. 1 J. been the heaviest that
we have.had in thi Pe-tiin: -:li, e 1882, and has caused the farmers to get
badly behind -aith a ll firniig .pi jr,.it.-,; : acreage of field crops will be
Largely ;i i ri :-ed in nearly all, instances.
JEFFERSON COUNTY-Farmers are away behind in all farm operations,
owing to the cold and wet spring. Planting is just getting under good
headway. Thi-r, will be an increase in acreage-of some of the principal
field crops.
L: jaF_ rs I CouN rY-The lateness of 'rirnt and the cold, excessive
rains have made farm work later this year than usual. There will be an
increase in one or two crops; others will be about same as last year.
SLAKE COUNTY-Crops are doing well, the area planted is about the
sanm-' as laf year. There is a considerable increase in acreage- in vegetable.
prIdn u.-ts for mark-t, and so far prices have averagnd saitisfaci.ory.
LEE COUNTY-We have had fine seasons for fruits, vines and vegetables;
citrus fruit trees in extra fine condition, also corn, sugar cane and many
other crops; we have had plenty of rain and but very little frost in this
county; all is prosperity; as much as one thousand dollars net from an
acre of vegetables is often reported. All crops are growing their best.
LEON COUNTY-Planting is very much behind in this county, owing to
late, cold spring. The acreage planted to field crops will be mostly in-
creased; planting is just getting under good headway, and with favorable
weather will progress rapidly. Vegetable crops are on the average doing
well, though in some localities they were much injured by heavy rain.
LEVY COUNTY-The weather has generally been very unfavorable for
all crops; too wet for vegetables; frost killed a large per cent. of the cu-
cunmber crop on the 18th of M.lr.. There will be in most cases quite an
increase in the acreage of field crops.
1 1.- ,IN COUNTY-The acreage of crops will be about same as last
year; the spring has been so backward, and cold, that farmers are very
much behind in planting. Vegetable crops are in fairly good condition,
but backward owing to cool weather.
31. I I i :. COUNTY-There is an increase in the acreage of nearly all
crops; vegetable crops have done well, and on the average have brought
fair prices.. Fruit trees are doing well.
1M '.:: COUNTY-It has been a little cold for growing crops at times,
but as a whole we have had a splendid season up to the present time; a
number of the crops will be increased in acreage over last year, while none
are likely to fall below it; field and vegetable crops are in general good
condition, and vegetables have been selling at fair prices; fruit trees are
doing very well, growing rapidly.
NAssAu COUNTY-We have had plenty of rain and crops are doing
well, looking extra well; fruit also promises well. The acreage of crops
will average about the same as last year; vegetable crops also about the
same.
OSCEOLA COUNTY-Acreage of crops are about the same as last year,
except in one or two cases, such as cassava and velvet beans, which are
very largely increased; there is also considerable increase in some vegetable
crops; these crops have averaged well, and generally brought satisfactory
prices. Fruit trees are growing finely and the prospect good.
POLK COUNTY-The increase in acreage of crops this year is greater on
the whole than for many years; condition of field crops is good; the vege-
table crops have done well and are bringing in satisfactory returns. Fruit
trees are growing splendidly, and will have good crops. Everything seems
prosperous.
ST. JOHN'S COUNTY-Truck is very backward in consequence of cold
spring; the acreage planted to crops of various kinds is about as usual,
though an increase in some instances is to be seen. Peach, pear and plum
crops give promise of a full yield.
SANTA ROSA COUNTY-The crops were very late in being planted this
year on account of the cold and wet spring. The acreage will be about as
last year.
SUMTER COUNTY-Witl a few exceptions the acreage to field crops is
about the same as last year; in both oats and sugar cane there is a lack of
seed, much cane being killed by frost before cutting. Vegetable crops
have done very well, and fruit also looking fine. Peaches in heavy bloom.
SUWANNEE COUNTY-In some sections of the county there will be an
increased acreage in some of the crops, but on the average, the acreage will
be about as last year. Conditions are becoming more favorable; fruit trees
are in good condition, prospect good for full crops.
TAYLOR COUNTY-The spring has been so backward that little planting
has been done; it has been too cold and too wet. The acreage will be about
as last year.
WAKULLA COUNTY-The cold and backward'spring has prevented farm-
ers from planting as early as usual; the acreage in crops generally will be
about the same as last year.
WALTON COUNTY-Farmers are very backward in planting on account
of rain and cold weather; acreage of sugar cane will be short from the
fact that a good many people lost their seed cane by freeze. In most cases
the acreage will be about same as last year. Fruit crop promises good.
WASHINGTON COUNTY-All farming operations are very much behind,
on account of late spring and unusually heavy rains. There will be quite
an increase in acreage of a number of crops, particularly oats, cassava, and
velvet beans.
Average and Condition of Crops for March, 1902, as Com,:
pared with March, 1901. .' :
Counties
aD a o c
Alachua .. ............. . .. 75
Bradford.. ....... ..... .1 '. 110
Brevard ................. .. 125 ..... 100
Calhoun....... . 100. 100 125 100 ...
Citrus ............... .. 105 95 5 ..
Clay ................. .. 100 100 100 ....
Columbia ............. ....100 100 105 5
Dade....... 100 ......
DeSoto.............. ...... 110 80 90
Escambia .............. 125 .. 150 100 200
Franklin. ...... ...... .. 80 80 90 ......
Gadsden .............. 1001 100 100
Hernando. .... ... .... 110 150
]l illet.t .. I .. ...... .... . I 100 .... 10 0 ....
Holmas . ........... 95 75 110 125 .
Jackson...... ......1100 100 100 ". 100 110
Jeffersoi1 ............... 100 110 110 110
LaFayette......... .... 105 1101 85 70
Lake...... ............ .. 100 100 ... .
Lee..................... 100 100 11
Leon ................... 110 115 10 10 ....
Levy................... 100 100 110 100 75 ....
Madison........... 100 100 10l 90 0 80
Manatee............... ..... 120 120 100
Marion........... .. 100 100 110 110 100 100
Nassau ................. ....... 100 .... 90
Orange............... ...... 100 90 90
Osceola.. ... ... 100 100 1 ...
Polk .. ......... 100 50 1001 100
St. Johns............. ... . 110 85 80 ..
Santa Rosa............. 100 ...... 100 100 105 .
Sumter.............. .. 100 110 100 90
Suwannee.. ....... .... 100 100 80 100 80
Taylor................ 75 80 60 50 60
Wakulla. ......... 100 100 125 100 100
Walton ............ 95.... 120 85 90
Washington ............ 100 80 100 200 10 ....
General averages...... 101 95 106 10 95 10
0 i CI
S 100 t 90[ .....
........ .. 125 100 100
00 100 0 l 00
... .. 401 100 100j .,
..100 100 100 .
.... .. 100 1 100 11 95
1 110 III'
...... 100 i ......
100 100 1100 100 100
.. .. . .100 00 .....
too 1o -o too 195
S100 1 100 100 100
75 10 100
.. ..l0.. 1 120 i66
50 100 100 11 10 95'
.. . 1. 10 100 ....
... .. 0 100 i" 160
.. 10 110 ....... 10.
910 00 9 10 10 0 200
. 105 li" 115 100 125
S1010 .. 80
100 110 100 90 100 100
100 100 100 110 100 12
...100 1 00 90 .... 100
. 0 100....
100 1905 ..00 160
..8. ... 110 110 ...... 150
100 2001 200 100 100 200
. 110 .... 80
80 50. 100 ... ......
-60 70 50 100 ... ....
.... 100 ... 100 .. .....
.. . 100 100
... 100 100 90 100 125
86 95 98 102 95 116
Acreage and C.,'!,,iti..n ..t (_'r.'. -- i',i" i1 iiI.';'i .
Velvet Irish Toma- Cuoum-
BEnc al-ba P, mt-at:.es toes bers
Counties .
A lI.. lii I
Bradford... ........ ....
E r. 'ar. 1 ... . ..
h. "'
C'rlllu ... ... ... ....
C lD a .. .. . . . -
( .li .ii a ..... ........
Dae .... .....
DeL r:. .. .,
H ,E-.a ll. .. .. ....... ...
r iU ... ....... ...
Ord..-de-n ......... .
Hillhnoronlh ..... ....
]i..lni h- .. ....... .
.JtI r-r-n .......... ...
.L '.t y. -rl ... . ..... .
LW -yn .. ........ .....
M a 'nIr -. .... . .... .
Mt -.n .. .... .n.
M rane .... ... ... ... .
Slanon ......... ......
a- a . . .. ..,..
St. Johns .............
Santa Rosa........ .. .
S a ne'i- . .
Tavl:,r ..... .... ......
Vail ion. ... ....... .
Wadhigtons...........
VaiGenerl averages. .. ...
General aaveraqes. ....
--
English
Peas
----
~---
: tc 5 a
cj. a c 'C 3
o 0. 0 0
I,'" 85 90; fNi l ii *1
I' .. 1 1-, i. 1 . 1
110 100 75 100 100 I, 190
Ito1 in, lin 100 110 oo ii100
i i 100 100 11i 100 1 "l I O
111 100 iD') 10I 100 100 100
150 I00 100 110 100 90
S. 150 90 150 85 100 9
.ii 100 100 100 90
i o0 100 100 100 100 90
90 100 100 100 110 "i 90
2001
200 ... .. . .. .. . .
I'll, 10 75 150 i ': 50
100 100 100 i"" I '"l Il 150
1 72I 7ff o 1 '00' 11 100
11111 ii 7,1 60
S. ~1 '851 . ... ..
120 0 : lii 11" 11 100
.l ':'1.i' 1 1 1 i0 III 110
.1"-, I I u*ii l I 1. 1 '1 n lI 90
200 ill l''" l i 1 "11 90
1 I 1 00 100 111 ] .' 200 100
95 70 1O1 ll ... ..-..
11111. 100 . .. .
lui 110 '70 10 75 100 100
13
189 104 92 103 95 103 94
13139 104 I
<1 ,O
a a
bo '3 ii-
I. c -i
it
100 10 11 4 7
100 100 10 100i
100 1001 1111' l1i1
100 100 i liii
100 95 11111 1'00:
100 90 lnll ini
.,, I YO--
1 100 10, l
100- 1100 ii 1111
110 lu ll pl
100 11111! li11
100 100 .... ...
100 1 Il" 11111
100 100 ......
100 1" 1110 11111
100 100
951 90 1102
LO
Acreage and Condition of Crops-Continued.
Bei
Counties
ho
Alachua. 50
Bradford ......... 75
Brevard............ 100
Calhoun..... ......... 100
Citrus..................... 100
Clay....... ...... 100
Columbia........ .. ..
Dade... .............. 100
DeSoto................. 110
Escambia ... ... 100
Franklin. ........ . ..
Gadsden ........ . ...
Hernando...... .... ....
Hillsborough... 90
Holmes... ...... 100
Jackson......... ... ..
Jefferson ................ .
Lafayette... ............ .
Lake... .............75
Lee.... ............... 100
Leon .................... 100
Levy... ............ 100
Madison .......... ..... 100
Manatee............... ..
Marion.......... .... 100
N assau ........ ...... ..
Orange......... ........ 85
Osceola ............. 90
Polk ........... .. ....
St.Johns.... .... .... 100
Santa Rosa ........... .
Sumter....... .... 100
Suwannee........ .. ....
Taylor................ ...
W akulla............... ...
W alton............ . ..
Washington............ ..
General averages....... 94
ans
Elg Water-
Egg Peanuts Water-
Plant melons
70 60
85 ...
100 .
100 ....
100 ...
100 .....
O(; 100
50 100
i.66 :7'..
100
100 95
116 100!
85 ....
90 ......
100 ....
100
100 100
95 100
90 70
100 100
90 ... .
94 92
o I
1
0 w
0
701 60
.. 100
100
105
.. 100
100
100
95 100
75 100
.... 90
.. 100
.... 200
90 100
.... 100
110 100
...... 100
100
110 110
80
60 100
100 100
100
.... 100
.... 100
90O 103
95 108
Canta- Straw-
loupes berries
8
90 90
95 100
100 ....
100 ..
90 ...
100 100
90 110
100 90
100 150
100 90
100..
...... 100
100 ...
125 100
100 .... .
100 120
100 .
90 100
100 100
80 50
1001 100
110 150
110 .
80 100
85 100
100 200
85 100
100 100
100 100
80
100 ..
100
97 107
96 109 97
-^' ~ .
11
Acreage and Condition of Crops-Continued.
Bradford .... ....... ..... ........ . 125 "8 0 100.
Counties J m 0...... 1.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Citrus... ......... .......... ... 10 . .. 0 100
Clay f .... ...... .. ................... .. ... ... .. .. 125 1 590
Breard ... .................. 12 100 100 15 80 ... 80 50
Calboun ..................100.... ...... .. ... 1..00
C itrusoto ........................ ..... 10 .. ... 105 ...... ...... . . 110 100
Claymb........ ... ........... .. 0.... ... ... .... ... .. 105 125
Columbia... ............. ....... .. ... ........ ....15 135
H illsborough .. ..................... 100 100/ ....
Dadme .............. ... ........ 10. 100 105 100 100 190......
JDeSoto................. ......... 100 90 0 110 100 100 90 110 110
Jeffcarsbia.. ...... ... .............. .................... .... 100 75
Fran l ...in ..... ........
G adsden............ ......... .....
Hernando . . ..........5 50 . . .. 150 11..
ilsborough . .......... ....100 100 100 ........100
Holmes ......................... . ....... ... 125 ....
Jackson. ........................... .... .. ......... .
Jefferson........ ......... ... I . i : .
Lafayette............. ................. ... ... ... .. ..
Lake .... .......... ..7. ................. .... 100 50
Lee... ................ ... 150 150 150 150 .... 110150 150 110
Leon.......................... . . ..... . .. .. 100 50
Levy ........................ ....5 ................ .... 110 100
Madison ... ................... .. . ..1. 20 10
Manatee. J ....... .................. 100 100 100 100. 100
Marion. ................... ........ 1. . ... ... .... 10 110
Naau ............................. 100. ......... 15 125
Oranee ...................... ...110 100 .... ... ... 125 ...
Osceola ................. 1 0 .... 15 .. 0 50 150 200
Palk.............. ...............200 100 100 100 100 200 100 200 100
St. Johnsa ........... ............... 100 100
Santa Rosa ....................... .. .... ..I .... .... .... ... 100 100
Sumter .................... . ....... 110 .... ... 110 .... .... .... 150 100
Suwannee.......................... .......... .........150 100
Wakulla ............................ ... ..... .... .... .... .... 100 100
W alton ................. ........ ... .... . ... .... 100 95
Washington ....... ........ .. .. ....... .... .. .... 125 80
General averages.. ................ 105 107 106 86 109 95 114 101
BUREAU OF FERTILIZERS.
SR. E. ROSE, State Chemist. E. E. McLIN, Clerk.
VALUATIONS.
For Available and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, Ammonia and
Potash for the Season of 1901-1912.
Available Phosphoric Acid ............... 5 cents a pound
Insoluble Phosphoric Acid ................ 1 cent a pound
Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) .... 15 cents a pound
Potash (as actual potash, K20) .........5-1 cents per pound
If caluclated by units-
Available Phosphoric Acid ................ $1.00 per unit
Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .............. 20 cents per unit
Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) .... $3.00 per unit
Potash. ......................... .... $1.10 per unit
With a uniform allowance of $2.00 per ton for mixing and
bagging.
A unit is twenty pounds, or 1 per cent in a ton. We final
this to be the easiest and quickest method for calculating the
value of a fertilizer. To illustrate this take for example a
fertilizer which analyzes as follows:
Available Phosphoric Acid, 6.39x1.00 ...............$ 6.39
Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, 1.15x.20 ............... 23
Ammonia, 4.93x3.00 .............. 14.79
Potash, 7.11x1.10 ............ .. 7.82
Mixing and bagging ......... .................. 2.00
S$31.23
The above valuations are for cash for materials delivered at
Florida seaports, and they can be bought in one ton lots at
these price at the date of issuing this Bulletin. Where fer-
tilizers ars bought at interior points, the additional freight to
that point must be added.
If purchased in car load lots for cash, a reduction of twenty
per cent. can be made in above valuations, i. e.:
Available Phosphoric Acid.............. 80 cents per unit
Potash (K20) ........................88 cents per unit
Ammonia (or equivalent in nitrogen). .......$2.40 per unit
The valuations and market prices in succeeding illustra-
tions, are based on market prices for one ton lots.
BUREAU OF FERTILIZERS.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. MAnION G. DONi, Assistant Chemist.
Analysis of Special Samples under Sec. 9, Act approved May 22, 1901.
(Samples taken by purchaser.)
Phosphoric Acid
Name of Fertilizer By Whom Sent
a m ,S a -. 0 p
0 5 o
Bright C. S. Meal ..... 7 .. .31 8.44 1.831Tallaiassee Cotton Oil Co., Tallahassee.
Dark C. S. Meal..... 95 .... 2.0 4.76 1.65 Tallahassee Cotton Oil Co., Tallahassee.
Fertilizer...............78S........ .43 6.12 7.80 H. K. Farrell, Punta Gorda.
Fertilizer.............. 7.00 .7 2.00 7.79 11.50 0.48 E O. Painter Fertilizer Co.. Jacksonvlll4
Ground Bone...... i. I.il l' 9.5720.98 4.66 ..... Benedict Pineapple Co., Orlando, Fla.
Dissolved Bone Bla- .: 1, ,.1, 0 I I -I Thn Atwood Co., Manavista, Fla.
ExtraFruit&Vine Lr '. -: 2 ','1 -1' i 1: -".uthern Fertilizer Co., Orlando, Fla.
Kainit ........... :. ir i t r jlins, Jasper,"Fla.
Double Manure Salt.. "." F! '*: :. .\i na. Jasper, Fla.
Bone Compound...... 1. .* I .i I 1 tl I | ,.. ....,- ;ti izer Co., Pensacola, Fla.
Nitrate of Soda.... 1.18 ......... .. 18.43... D. R. Knight, Lemon City, Fla.
H. G. Sulphate Potash 1.80..... IL' KnightLemonCity,Fla.
Dissolved Bone Meal.. 3.26 17.80 '* 1: iKnight, Lemon City, Fla.
Fine Grou'd I'ri'd Fish 11.C8 6.87 '* i i . Ii i:night, Lemon City, Fla.
Dissolv...i .r .n i I '. I i .;' .I I. winter Fertilizer Co.. Jacksonville.
Fertiliz-. r i r 'i i .. cenry. St. Petersburg. Fla.
Acid Pl... i., II I 7.41 2.13 ........ Tampa Fertilizer Co., Tampa, Fla
M ixed i..,.| e, ,. 81 0.87 7.75 1.54 1' ; l F,," "i i. -! Uo., I '... Fla.
Mixed r.: rI..... *' i. 2.19 8.3S1 3.84 I"' 'i I v... T ,I 'Co., l .ia,.-, Fla.
Blood, Bone & Potash. ..... 5.47 2.15 7.62 0.97 *.'i..-. i sell, Delray, Fla.
Acid Phosphate Pot-
ash and Ammonia..... 2.09 1.51 3.60 1.73 4.31 Sterling and Russell, Delrov. Fla,
Ashes. .................. . i i i l. I''' ... Fla.
Blood, Bone & Potash .. 7.45 7.69 15.1a ''.I'.I J i : I, Delray, Fla
Fertilizer ............. 10.22 7.26 1.52 7.7 I -1: ,:i L .. -r .r -[ e.tersburg, Fla.
Guano............ ..... 9.18 8.15 ? 14 n I ? 4. IA i L -.r,. :,., Quincy. J la.
Mixed Fertilizer No. 1 9.40 7.24 .) ""- i i i.,., f~r!l *r 'o., Tampa, Fla.
Mixed Fertilizer No. 2. 9.74 7.15 1.25 8.40( i i. r .i ., Tampa, Fla.
H G ',-l.i'.'r.. Potash ..... ..... ... .... .i ,I II. r :. s r.ht, Orlando, Fla.
H G. -.ilIr.'i i Potash .......... ..... l i r Mr: 1-i. i i i.11. Orlando, Fla.
H G. iulpiate Potash .... .. ....... ..,, .i r ii i . ,-.-ii, Orlando. Fla.
Fertilizer......... ......... 6 0 0.42 7.2' I c t. L, ..r, .I )od, Fla.
Fertilizer.......... .... 98 6.51 0.79 7.25 1I. '. H. Loyd, Winter Hven, Fla.
Mixed Fertilizer No 1. 12.92 10.07 1.70 11.77 1 ; R. Shoemaker, Cotton Dale, Fla.
Mixed F rtilizer No. 2. 11.3010. 0.641.56 .1 I Shomaker, Cotton D-le. Fla.
Palmetto Ashes....... ....... .... .... .; r Cornwell, Palmetto, Fla.
Ground Garbage....... 1.4 3.56 16.951 20.51 ..... X ..,i[r. in Fert. Mnf. Co, Gaincsville,Fla.
Fertilizer ............ 1078 37 1.31 4.i6- 1i -i' ii. .1. 1 & i r.inbaw, Quincy, Fla.
Fertilizer ....... .... 7.68 7.02 1.58 8.60 4 ', nI \ :,., .*. .riit., McIntosh. fla.
Fertilizer................. 8.8 4.63 13.47 3.38 0.56jE. C. Lanier & Co., Miami, Fla.
Fertilizer.............. 10.30 2.16 1 ; 1 ** 2i r -L. r... hl & Arguinbaw. Quincy, Fla.
Fertilizer.............. 12.65 7,60 I **i 4 .**1 I ll 1.. Marinna, Fla.
For values see heading ''Bureau of Fertilizers. "
NOTE.-This department is not aware of the source of the goods, or the names of man-
ufacturers of the "Special .amples" sent in by purchasers. Dealers frequently send in sam-
ples of goods for examination l.F. ...: r.u..- 1., J A "Special Sample' sent in by a dealer ol
manufacturer, hence is not an e ,.1. I,-- r ,, Li [i, goods are offered by him for sale. The 'Of-
ficial Samples' taken by the State Chemist, or his assistant, on preceding page states the nam(
of the goods and the manufacturers, the guaranteed analysis, and the amount of fertililing in.
gredients foun.1 i.; tlf.. it ,i.. Chemist.
Moisture r.-.r .. t.. inr,..l in samples sent in paper, or wood boxes.
Tobacco stems and tobacco dust contain some phosphoric acid, but it is bought for the potash
and ammonia content. Cotton seed meal contains some phosphoric acid, and some potash, but i s
bought for the ammonia content.
Where only the insoluble phosphoric acid is given, in the table,it has been determined as
total phosphoric acid.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS. MARION G. DONK, Assistant Chemist.
Sa uples taken by State Chemist under Section 1, Act approved May 22, 1901.
NAME OP BRAND.
Cotton Seed Meal......... ...........
Cotton Seed Meal ......... ...
Cotton Seed Meal ...............
Cotton Seed Meal....
Cotton Seed Meal..........
Cotton Seed Meal ..............
Cotton ,.,.i '.l,.. ..... ......
Mape's IF 'ii .i 1* Vine Manure.
Ideal Potato Manure...........
Amour' S V... i d.l.,- Fertilizer..
Bradley's V*,. r ,I '1.. Fertilizer.
Ideal Fertilizer .................
Mape's Fruit and Vine Man lre
Mape's Vegetable Manure......
Mape' s Orange Tree Fertilizer..
Ideal Fertilizer.................
Bradley's Fruit &Vine Fertilizer
Fruitand Vine Fertilizer........
Bradley's Nursery Stock........
H. G. Vegetable Fish Guaano...
Ideal Vegetable M lnure. ......
Mate's Vegetable Manu e......
Mape's Fruit and Vine Manure.
Blood. Bone and Potash .......
Nitrate of Sola,..............
Ideal Fruit and Vine Manure..
Special Orange Tree Manure....
H. G. Tobacco Dust............
Osceola Brand Tobacco Dust...
Special Mixture (Tobacco).....
H. G. Sulphate of Potash.......
Kalnit..... ... ...............
Ideal Fertilizer.................
1H. G. Tobacco Dust............
I Phos. Acid
o a
*a 5
8.1 8
11. 14 ....
7. 1 ......
9.20 7".42
11 80 7.84
1 Ill 8.24
13.' 9 7. 9
1i1lF 7.127
11. 1 | 7.7
10. 8 .3
1.20 7,71
1- '. 8.57
1" '.. 7.97
8.006 6.44
13 95{ 7.8"
i1 f", 6.78
[1.73 7.70
12.35 7.15
8.8 .. ..
7.90 ......
17.8 .....
1.4 .. .
5.84 ......
6.32 7.001
7.20 ......
GUARANTEED ANALYsIs.
By Whom and Where Manufactured.
i . ' ,i : '. I '.*' .. i . h.'.' .'. I'... ir , ..it..[ ,i i'o., D ecatu r, A la.
...... 2.49 8.91 1.7 ....... I u.. i.-:n.I. I .-, Jellerson, Ga.
2. .. 3.91 8.31 1.92- ..... .. . *. i . .. ..ri ., ir Co., Selm a, Ala.
...... 2.39 8.34 1.78 ....................... 3.22 8.24 1.96 Alabama Cotton Oil Co., Mobile, Ala.
2.71 8 38 1 07 ...... ............. 3.22 8.2- 1.96 Alabama Cotton Oil Co., Mobile, Ala.
I 2.57 .24 1.8 ........ .. ......... 2.to2.8 7.5 8.95 1.5--1.8 Souther Cotton Oil Co.. Selma, Ala.
3.1 8.73 2. .... ........... to2:y 8 I to 2 Decatur Cotton Oil Co., Decatur, Ala.
1.91 9.34 2.48 11.45 8 to 10 5 to 7 2 to 4 ........2 . I to 12 Mapes' Formula& Peru Guano Co.,N.Y.
0.91 8.71 4.23 8.30 ........ 6 to 8 to ........ to 5 8 t, 10 Wilson & Toorne Fert. Co Jacksonville
2.3(i 10.60 4.21 7.51 5 to 10 t l 8 1 to : 1 1 to 13 rmour Fertilizer Works, Jacksonville.
2.06 8.92 4.13 5.:, 6 to 8 ........ i to 7 Amer. .; .i. .,1 Chem. Co.. N. Y.
1.07 8.11 4.26 7.:' 5 to 7 .' ".' to 8 Wilson !A ........ i. -r Co., Jacksonville
2.03 9.15 2.52 11.32j 8 to-10 5 to 7 I.-. to 12 Mapes' Formula & Peru.GuanoCo.,N.Y.
2.57 ** 4.86 4.79110 o1 12 6 to 2 to 4 ...... 5 o 6 4 to Mapes' Formula& Peru. GuanoCo.,N.Y.
2.92 1," 4.14 3.79 10 40 12 6 to 8 2 to 4........ 4 o 5 3 to 4 Mapes' Formula & Peru. Guano Co ,N.Y.
0.94 8,26 4.22 6 16 ....... .. ; I ... to 8 Wilron & Toomer Fert. Co., Jacksonville
1.05 10.22 2.55 .74 ..... I. t : .. I: .. 1 to 11 Bradley's Form. & Peru. Guano Co., N.Y.
.21 .02 2.11 11.76 8 to '... 1 .. | ,. iI to 14Tampa Fertilizer Co., Tampa.
2 64 10.61 4.63 3.52 ....... .. I I ... to 4 Amer. .. ;.,ii. ,i Chem. Co., N. Y.
1.41 7.1 4.22 6.17 10 to 1 3 to 7 to ..... 4 to 4 to 6Tlampa i. tl Tampa.
090 8.50 3. .14 ........ 6 to 8 1 102 4 to 5 8 to 10 Wilson & Toomer Fern. Co., Jacksonville.
2.91 9.69 5.1 5.1 10 to 1" 6 to 8 ... to 46 4 to ; '.I i.. .' Formula& Peru. GuanoCo., N.Y.
2.23 8.90 2.32 10.84 8 to 10 5 to 7 2 to 4 ........ 2 to 3111 to I. -i1..... Fornmula&Pcru. Guano Co., N. Y.
0.88 8.58 5.38 5.59 5 o 0 8 to 10 2 to 4...... to 6 7 tO 8 Armour's Fertilizer Works, Jacksonville
...... ..... I ........ 17 to 19 ...... Wilson & Toomer Fert. Co., Jacksonville
0.61 6.85 .. 6to to 3 ....... 3 to 4[10 to 12 Wilson & Toomer Fort. Co.. Jacksonville
2.01 9.16 9.79 10 to 12 5 to 6 2 to ...... to 10 to 11 Baugh & Sons. Baltimore, Md.
..... ...... 2 4 8 to 10 .... .... .. to \i ..... Fertilizer W works, ...l.. in.
... .. 1,44 1.81 ....... ............. [. to It .* ...i Toomer Fert. Co.,.J. !I".*"i ill*.
. 1.48 4. .... ......... .......... .................. rampa Fertilizer Co., Tampa.
........... ..... 50.28 .... ........ ... 48 to 51 Armour's Fertilizer W orks, .,i .. I ..i -
...... ...... ...... 12.54 .... ..... ........ .... .12 to 14 Wilson & Toomer Fert. Co.. : k--..', h i."
4.8 1 .92 6.32 8 to 10 5 to 7.... .. r.. 6 to S Wilson & Toomer Pert. Co., i i. ; ....,,...I
.......... .97 10.0 ....... ... ........ ... 10 Florida Feriflizer Co., Gainesyille, pFa,
J
e
P
8
Acid Phosphate......... .... 1.02 15.7 4.07 19.79 .......... .. 15 .. .. ................... Southern Fertilizer Co., Orlando, Fla.
Dark C. S. Meal............................ 10.1 ............2.04 5.4 1.4 8 to 12 ....... ....... to 3 5 to : I i n..,,. i n .' Co., Madison.
DarkC. S. Meal ............... .......... .... 5t 3 5 to ; .. '. 12r .. M, .. N.,,, 112. t.8.. Co., Madison
Dixie Brand C. S. Meal........ ..... .11 .55 ........ .............. .... I ....... .cCo Memphis,Tcnn
KI ainit . .. .......... . ............ ... ...... ..2 . .. . ....... .. ........ .. .. ..... 1: r., i .l l. ,I L:, ,,[ C .,-. i , i .,-. .,ll,
Fish and Potash........... 4.20 3.8 2.0 5.52 6.89 7.3510 to 19 2 to 3 3 to 4 .. 7to 8 to o ( Florida F.IL M\ i.. I.. t. inesville, F, .
Pineapple Fruiter ................ 4.2 7.24 .7 13.00 3.42 11.28 10 to 12 4 to 5 6 to 7 ........ to 12 to 13 Florida Fc. r. : '.. t, nesville, ,
Potato Manure.................. 5.8 1.97 7.0 385 8.95 10 to 12 5 t 6 2 8o 3....... 3 to 9 to 10 Florida ]Fcr Mll .. i..nesville, Fla.
Lettuceand Cucumber, Sl.ecial. 5.50 5.00 1.33 6.33 .60 5.72 10 to 2 5 o to 2........ 7 to 8 4 to 5 Florida Fe r Ml. .. inesville, Fla.
Puvian Fh Guano. No. 1..... 5.0 5.25 2.,t0 7.25 4.81 5.66 10 to 12 to 6 1 to . t. ... to 6, Florida Fe.' MI'. .. .' ..nesville, Fla.
Special for Fruit...... .......... 6 .13 2.21 8.84 3.9 12.0 ... .. i to 8 I to to ii -... ..... .., ., 6ir, ril.
No. Double Strength of Potash L.25 8.10 1.87 7.97 2.i 9.8' 10 to 12 5 to (i 2 to .I i I. ,, to ..i c, iet. fMg. Co. .l ,. .i Fla.
Blood, Bone and Potash..... 6.75 5.6 3.43 .09 4.54 4.65 10 to 12 4 to 5 2 to . 1.. I to .. 1... i ert. Mlg. Co., Gainesville, Fla.
No. 1,Felilizer ........ ......... .00 7.13 5.11 12.21 4.54 3 5to 6 2 to i i .* to I-..h ,1 :.. . . Orlaido, Fla.
No. 2, Fertilizer ..... .. 7.15 (.2 3.57 10.19 5 07 I I to 7 2 to 3 ........ 5 6 10 to I -. . ri, ].. .. .., Orlando, Fla.
No. 4, ertilizer............ 8.05 .89 3.72 3.01 10.30....... 6to ....... to 10 to ..- ..rr.., Fertilizer Co., Orando, Fla.
Dissolved Bone .................. 13.05 11.21 3.(i4 11.85 2.11 Ii . i 1 3 to 4 .......2 15 3 . IFloridi Fert Mf' Co., Gainesville, Fla,
Cotton Seed M eal.. ........... 7.65 ..... ...... 2.70 8.46 .. i..; to 3 ....... 8to ,, i. ta, Ga.
Ai our's PracticalTrucker..... 7.80 7.13 5 83 12.90 .' I r.. 7 2 to .... 3 to II I., i ,, .. ,, i, works, i... .....[
Armour's Orange Tree Manure.. 7.90 8.01 7.43 15.4 4.9 5 to 10 8 to 1 0 2 to 41.. .... ; o4' I 4 '.* \, ... ,- il Works, .i -..ii
Armour's Fruit andVineFert... .85 8.12 5.0 14. 2.87 11.02 5 to 10 6 to 8 1 to .-. ', 10 to 13 Aumour Fertilizer Worls, Jacksonville.
Armour's Blood, Bone & Potash. 8.70 7.13 4.58 11.71 6.32 7.53 5 to 10 8 to 10 1 to to .,,,..r Perti zer Works, T.,. t...;l
Armour'sFruit&RootCrop,Spec. 6.40 7.21 3.9 1.20 2.45 5.22 5 to 10 8 to to to -,..,, Fertilizer Worl s, .. l... '. i
Armour's Bone Flour............ 2.70 8.42 15. 24.02 4.58 ...... 5 to 10 to 14 ..... ..24 to 28 3 to 4.......... Armour Fertilir Works Jacksonville
Armour's Dried Blood... ...... 0 t 13 ........ .... ........ 16 to .......... Armour Fertilizer Works, Jacksonville,
H. G. Tobacco Dust.0 8 10 .. 1 ... 1A% to 3 Armour fertilizer r Works, .1rcksonville.
Armour'sBloodand Bone... 7 7 3.73 8.0 11.77 7.26 ..... 5 to 10 I '* .. ..... Armour Fertilizer Works. Jacksonville.
H. G Blood and Bone........... 5.46 5.91 11.37 9.1 ..5 lo 7 ....... ........ 1to I *.... 101 ........ Cudahy Packing Co., Jacksonville.
Blood and Bone........ 0' 1. 6.25 0.14 15.391 7.27 ..... 5 to 7 ........ .... 15 to ." ,' 1 81 ...... Cudahv P7'T'ln,' Co., Jacksonville.
H. G. Blood and Bone ...... 8.45 ;3.153 3.09) 6.601 .......... ..... ... ... .... 4 ... ...... A mol,, I I. (Co., Chicago, 111.
Acid Phosphate. .............. 7.85 1 .9 7.10 2 .02 .... ..... .. 1.000 ...... ........ ........... . . i;i. I,,.r ,Jacksonville
Strawberry Fruiter..... 7.3......... 5.98 41 8. 42 I to 1k 5 to o o 1'... '-i 1,,Ii,, I. rt. Mfg. Co., G8inesville, Fla.
Extra Fruit and Vine............ 6.1 6.37 2.11 8.50 . to 12 0 too 8to I I' .., Fertilizer Co., Orlando, Fla.
Cotton Seed Meal.......... ..... (.8 ...... ..... 288 !. 1. ... ..... 2 7... 1 .,., ,,, cotton n Oil Co., l)othan, Ala
Cotton Seed Meal ............... .. . I. | T .. ,- .. I Cottot (1.1 I .... .. p., ,, .
Cottonlas Aceed Mealte........... ... ). l
Cotton Seed M eal ....... ....... 1.i'2 8 1 1 1 t ., ,, , i. ., . .. l.,,, .. i, Vi
A. L.W ilsoi 6.60 Acid Pboiphatc I'. 1477. .... 12 -.. i' 12 to 16 1 to I. ...,., , ,. to I i'la.
Branley'sXXX Phosphate. 1 8 176 1.14 ........ ... 10 t ... to 15 2 to : ,,. .,r,... ,. M.,-
Dissolved Bone Phosphate ..... 14.65 13.67 1.11618 .. | 11 13 l i I, ... 1l. .. . ,.. \, ,- ,
Atlas A cid Phosphate ........... 12.5 15.49 2.9 .; .: 1.to 15 1: o 2 o ,.., ,, |..r .i. i ,.,.,, ila.
Acid Phosphate ............... 13.75 12. 34 0.2 8 .i to 18 12 to 14 2 to- I ..,, , ,, '. .,. I,,.,,i Va
Bradley's Palmentto Phosphate 7.95 14.89 1.58 16.3 ...... ... lu to 12 12 to 4t 2 o 3 ...... Co ,,on, Mas. '
Cumberland Bone Super Phoa... 16.15 10.71 1.62 12 33 2.07 1.71 10 to 20 8 to it 1 to 2 .... to 3 1 to o .....1 r ...i Bone Phos. Co., Poitland.Md.
Gou'ding's Bone Co:pound..... 13.96 9.73: 3.98 13.71 2.09 1.51 10 to 12 8X-10Y 1 to : r.. \y to .I. lj,,- l.-'rtilizer Co. IP'IoiP~.I. Fla.
Gem Guano.. ............. 13.9 10.25 3.18 13.43 1.7 I to 12 8 to 10 I to 2 ... ... to ...I F rtilizer Co. '1. ...i, i'. i
Lott' Compound ............... 3-5 4.35 8.48 1 .83 1.83 .. 5 to 6 ....... ....... to 'I'. i .1 r Havana, Fla.
Jumher and Festilizer......... 11.81 9.3 2.12 11 4i 1 91 2 0'9 12 .... i. II r Co Savannah,
Mobile Stand rdGuano....... 7.4: 9 8 4.74 14 43 2.2 ? 11 o I. .. to 2 ........ 2 to 3 2 to il.M.,.. I'U,.. ir .. Co., Moile, Ala.
Riw B.oneT per Phosnate. 13.5 1 30 13.9 .15 I to I ,,i,. I ti 3 ...... to 1 1 lto 3i standard Gano&Chemtsi ., a, .. ,ril.,i
Goltlding's IIH.G.Acid Phos.& Pot 10.3 14.70 1.42 16 13 to r.. I to ....... ....... 1 to ..,,l FertilierCo, l l.
Composition of Fertilizer Materials.
NITROGENOUS MATERIALS.
Pounds per Hundred
Acid Potash
Ammonia Phoshoric Potash
N itrate of Soda........ .................... 17 to 19 ............ ..........
Sulphate of Am monia...................... 22 to 24 ............ ...........
Dried Blood .......... .................. 12 to 17 .......................
Concentrated Tankage .............. .......... 12 to15 1 to 2 .........
Bone Tankage.............................. 6 to 9 10 to 1 .......
Dried Fish Scrap .. ........................ 6 to 11 6 to 8..........
Cotton Seed Meal.......................... 7 to 10 2 to 13 to 2
Hoof Meal .. ........................ 14 to 17 1- to 2.. ...
PHOSPHATE MATERIALS.
K' Pounds per Hundred
iAvailable Insoluble
Ammonia Phosphoric Phosphoric
Acid Acid
Florida Rock Phosphate ........................ .... 33 to 35
Florida Pebble i'. -i i ............. .. .. ..... 26 to 32
Florida Superphosphate .................14 to 19 1 to 6
Ground Bone..................... .... to 6 5 to 8 15 to 17
Steamed Bone ............. ... .. ... 2 to 4 6 to 9 10 to 20
Dissolved Bone.... ....... .... 2 to 4 13 to 15 2 to 3
POTASH MATERIALS AND FARM MANURES.
Pounds per Hundred
Actual mmonia Phosphoric Lime
Potash : enAcid
Muriate of Potash.......... 50 ................. 50....
Sulphate of Potash.. ............ 48 to 52 ........ ........... ....
Double Sulphate of Potash & Magnesia 26 to 30 ...............
K ainit.... .. ....................... 12 to I.'-. .......... ...... ..... ... .
Sylvinit....... ................. ..... 16 to '. ............. .. . ........
Cotton Seed Hull Ashes ............. 15 to 30 . 7 to 9 10
Wood Ashes, unleacheil.............. 2 to 8 .......... 1 to 2 30 to 35
Wood Ashes, leached. ......... ..... 1 to 2 ......... 1 to 1, 35 to 40
Tobacco Stems ............ ........ 5 to 8 2 to 4 ............ 3
Cow Manure (fresh) ............. 0.40 0 to .41 0.16 0 31
Horse Manure (fresh) ............ 0.53 0 to .60 0.28 0.21
Sheep Manure (fresh) ................ 0.67 1.00 0.23 0.33
Hog Manure (fresh)............... 0.60 0.55 0.19 0.08
Hen Dung (fresh) .. .......... ... 0.85 2.07 1.54 0.24
Mixed Stable Manure .. ........... 0.63 0.76 00.26 0.70
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Climate and CropgService of the Weather Bureau-Florida Section.
A. J. MITCHELL, SECTION DIRECTOR, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
Climatological Data tor February, 1902.
Temperature, in degrees Precipitation, in inches Sky
Fahrenheit
'J3 i I
Stations
Counties
NORTHERN SECTION.
Archer............ Alachua .......
Bainbridge.......... Decatur, Ga ....
Federal Point ......St. Jchns ....
Fernandina......... Nass u.......
Fort George ....... Duval.........
Gainesville ........ Alachua .......
Huntington....... Putnam.......
Jacksonville ....... Duval............
Jasper.. .......... Hamilton ......
Lake Butler...f.... Bradford ......
Lake City........... Columbia ......
Macclenny. ....... Baker.........
Micanopy ......... Alachua........
Middleburg.......... Clay...........
Pinemont I... n. Suwannee......
0
1U i
2- -
U) U) I
Cd0 .0 a
Q Cd P Q ai
a ]llic
53.3-5.3 81 27 27 10J
49.6 .. 75 1 30 12
52.3 4.3 80 1 2819
49.9 ... 77 29 11
51.71-5 80 1 3011
52 6--4 85 81 810
532 -3.9 a2 1 29 19
50 6 -70 77 1 0 18
50.1--2.4 76 a27 10
52 31 -3. 79 2219
01.4-4.7 78 1* 28 10
51.1 -4.0 80 1 2211
53 4--5.5 81 1* P"
49.61-3.2 75 27* 2 10
51.4 ..... 7627 25 17*
3.06
7.57
3.72
4.03
3.43
4.60
3.64
6.52
.1
3. 93
4 55
3 73
4 42
5 C
z z
O *I I2f
ca z z -z
-0.711.35
i.... 2 00
+0.09 1 12
.... 1 05 1.
0614 1.44
0 72 1 44
0 34 1 61 !
+2 19 2 22 (
S0 8 .. .
-0 40 1.25
-1 3310 88
-1-1 3520 0()
...... 1 40 ...
a
U)~
14 5nw
2 1 sw
13 ..
e. e
2 1 .....
5 9 nw
9 9 w
8 15 w
10 011nw
1 7 .....
8 9 nw
I- .----
--
I
I I
Climatological Data for February-(Continued.)
3 Temperature, in degrees Precipitation, in inches Sky
Fahrenheit
Stations Counties Id 0 .
S" -
nt.n o
a o I o I S; n, W, Go 0 t *
_____ _Z Z Z a s
-- -1 ,. .- .-. il li ,^ t A l 14ll 0,^-
savannah, Ga .......
St. Augustine......
Sumner ..........
Switzerland ........
Thomasyille, Ga....
Waycross, Ga......
Chatham, Ga.. 86
St. Johns....... 10
Levy.......... .....
St. Johns. ..... ...
Thomas, Ga.... 330
Ware, Ga...... 131
I Means....... ... ..
CENTRAL SECTION.
Bartow...... ... Polk....... ... 122
Brooksville........ Hernando...... 328 7
Clermont......... Lake........... 110 7
DeLand.. ........Volusia........ 32 1
Eustis ...........Lake........ ... 180 S
Ft. Meade..... Polk........... 125 16
Fort Pierce....... Brevard.... ... .... ..
Inverness.......... itrus............ 43 1
Kissimmee.......... Osceola ........ 65 8
Malabar........ .
Merritt's Island .... Brevard........ 20 18
New Smyrna......... Volusia...... 20 14
Ocala .............. Marion .. .... 150 11
Orange City........ olusia ....... 50 9
Orlando.......... Orange........ 98 8
59 0 -1 9
52 8 +0 5
58 4-2 4
53 7 -2 1
56 6 -4 1
57 4-4 3
57 6 -6 2
52 4-0 9
57 1 -3 5
58 6 .....
57 2-7 0
54 5-4 9
53 8-5 6
56 1--4 1
56 91--4 0
86 1
79 2
84 1
81
831
84 1
81 1*
83 1
83 1
80 1
84 1
84 1
84 1
81 1
33 11
31 31
34 11
30 119
33 11
29 L11
31 12
27 10
33 10*
30 11
3511
28 19
2611
25 11
3511.
2.34
2 89
3 51
2 46
6 18
4 32
3 88
5 70
4 99
7 29
4 37
6 95
3 72
5 25
6 07
4 49
3 84
4 75
4 03
3 88
4 50
-0 86
+0 60
-1 65
+1 30
+0 50
-0 :2
I-
--0 05
+1 90
+0 94
+3 20
+1 91
+1 15
+1 82
-I0 73
-+0 t;2
+1 51
10 nw
9nw
4 w
9 w
5 nw
16 nw
8 w-nw
10 nw
11 ne-sw
4 sw
Dnw
I nw
7w
9sw
10 w
Plant City..........
Rockwell...........
St. Leo............
Tampa ............
Tarpon Sprii s....
Titusville ..........
SOUTHERN SECTION.
Avon Park.........
Flamingo ........
Havana*..........
Hypoluxo .........
Jupiter.............
Key West ........
Manatee............
Marco. ..........
M iami......... ....
Myers............ .
Nassau............
Nocatee... ........
San Juan..........
WESTERN SECTION.
Bonifay ...........
Carrabelle ...........
Daphne.... e .....
DeFuniak Spr ngs..
Iolt ......... .. .. .
Marianna........
Mobile...........
Moptgomery .......
Hillsborough...
Marion........
Pasco.. .. ....
Hlllsborough ..
Hillsborough ..
Brevard.......
Means......
Monroe.... ... ....
Cuba. ........ 57
Dade... .... .
Dade...... ... .. 28
Monroe.... .... 22
Manatee........ 16
Lee.............. .....
Dade .............
Lee...... ...... ...
N. P. Bahamas ....
DeSoto.... ... 3
Puerto Rico.... 82
Means.. ....
Holmes ........
Franklin .......
Baldwin, Ala...
Walton... ...
Santa Rosa ...
Jackson........
Mobile, Ala....
Montgom'y, Ala
116
12 4
193 39
208 ...
85 1
35 30
219 28
56.0 -4.8 83
e55 4 2 81
56 0-1 2 83
56 2-5 0 78
55 2-6 4 81
a55 6 -6 8 a82
56 0-4 0 ...
58.8 . 84
63 8 ... 85
68 9-3 0 64
63 6-1 4 85
62 0-20 82
66 2 -5 0 8C
58 0 -3 5 82
62 4 -0 7 83
63 4 -32 87
58 9-5 6 82
68 6 . 2
58 8 -2 6 83
. . .. .
61 6--3 0 ...
50 6 .... 74
51 8 -0 8 72
c48 4 c--4 c0
48 6 -3 1 75
46 4 .... 71
47 1--0 9 73
48 0 -6 0 73
44 31-7 0 69
1*1 2711
4.78
d2 754[
4 77
5 72
4 54
5 02
4 98
5.49
-0 90
2 16
5 54
4 64
3 88
5 96
3 43
5 30
6 79
1 87
5 66
4 76
10 52
4 65
6 45
10 57
3 30
6 15
8 82
8 72
+0.95 3.09
0 492 352
+2 94 3 90
+1 032 1 67
+1 20 1 66
+1.43 ....
3. .40
0 90
-0.110 84
+0 8412 92
+1 i 70
+2 99
+2 69 16
+1 191 80
+2 49 3 55
+3 305 06
0 98
-12 014 00
+-2 08 ....
-1 39
+1 14
+1 88
1+ 29
+3 66
+3 23
11w
11 w
9 sn-wn
8 nw
4 .-
10 ......
4e
4 nw
4 nw
5 nw
7 w
6 nw
5 .S-w
8 .....
6 nw
14 nw
12 n
.... nw
9 ..
10 nw
15 n
14 nw
Climatological Data for February, 1902-Continued.
Stations .
1.1u1t .h .. .. ........
St. Atndrews ".13...
wI .le iu i ..... ..
't>i a. it iln I . .
d 11 ii
: I"'-. t
'., h3it... I
', -. ';:: . 260
Leon .......... 19
J fferson. ........
[Washington .. 250
Calhoun... ......
M ea.is.... . . .
Slate Mean ......
Te .|L I i' iN. In d -l ; P r-.ipi'.;tiiiln, in inches
SI l ] l i |.
..' I I '. I .. ,. .
{Thermnometers a4re, not self-regisiering and readings are All records, except stations outside of the State, are used
made at, 7 a. in. 2 p. il. and 9 p. n. daily, in determining State or district means. but State and district
made at 7 a. m,. 2 p. i. and 9 p. m. daily. departures are determined by .-. inp. ii- :.; of current data of
*More than one day. 1 ,i Ir l r- Bureau, only such stations as have normal.
Not in, lunI.h- in ii-anri. \1. Alpir di e..ni iir.: instru- a, b, c, etc., following name of station, indicate number
ment- tralsf. rr d to F-'i,,eiin. F,.rii ,ry, 1'2. of days missing from report.
+ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ : '+,... . +:. +++ ,:i
+,,~ ; ' + +, . ",+ ++ .. , ... ii
Salient Climatic Features.
ATMOSPHERIC 'ii. Ill: I -
Ti.- ni .IIn pressure for the month was .'. ;i.. il..:, which is 0.11 below
normal. The highest J-.1.- r...1 pressure was 30.,37 inches, at Pili-.i. ..L on
1i. :,i.1 the !.-. ,-f wa's a u.,::l in. I, -. at Pensacola on the 27th; monthly
r.a ii_- I t I. -State was 1.06 inches.
'1 V[ T'I.l'i-UATI-RtE. (TI. I,.. Fahrenheit.)
The monthly mean 1. iII,,: !.ilin foi' the St-ito v.f 514.4 deg., 4.6 deg. be-
low normal. By sections, the means' were: '..!i!..!I 51.6 (leg.; South-
ern, 61.6 deg.;W-\.- t-in *- *; .1._;. :i'l. ili...i ii.',utliymean temperature
was 66.2 1. at Key West; the lowest monthly mean i "I. 1p .l 1. i 46.4
deg., at Holt.: Li.. highest temperature during the month was 87 deg., at
Miami on.the 2d; I!. lowest temperature was 21 deg., at \\% ,. IiI,1. I on
the 10th ;absolute range for the State was 66 deg.
PRECIPITATION. (Inches and hundredths.)
The average precipitation for the State during the month was 4.88 in-
ches, ,1.09 inches above the normal amount. By sections, the averages
were: Northern, .. .: inches; Central, 4.98 inches; Southern, 4.76 in-
1'ii-- : Western, 5.89 inches. The greatest monthly amount was in ..; in-
ches, at De.Fi; ,1- .,i;..-.-, 11, least was 0.90 inth, at D i niw_. The
greatest amount for any twenty-four hours was .;.; ininches, at Myers on
the 20th.
COMPARATIVE TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL :)ATA- FOR FEBRiUARY, 1H It
MWlI'T IEPARTURES FROM NORMAiL, DURING THE PAST 1-.i .. I J. 1. \N 1'
The normal terh'perature for February is 59 0 deg., the n..i'ni dI iinf.til i- ;,79
inches.
Yer9 8 1893 91894 1895 18 9 7 18 898 199 1900 1:i1' 19028
--77%--,-7-:77
MIle n I 1 1 ; 52. 1 ; .9 ,., 54.4
Dcpiarr.-T.' l' +. -6 9 .i 4.'0 -1.' -.I-".. -J2 .6
T,.tal. 1.40 9 9 ., .1.9; .3,06 6.57 : .'i 1 2 '' 41 4 4 4 88,:
*-8 a. m-. 'rea-tig-s only. 60-. ..' ..,7- .- -1
*8 a. m. readingsonly.
PRESSURE AND WIND TABLE
Wind Velocity. Relative
Atmospheric Pressure in Miles Humidity
Stations a
i- o
Jupie .........29.98 0 11 9 57 48 w 2 9759 80
Jupiter ................ 29.98 30. 82 11 29 57, -1-, 4, 8 w 26
Kev Wesr............... j3.00 30 2111 29.60127 7,408 36 ne 9 10057 80
Pensacola .............. 30.00 303 33 9.31177,89 52 sw 27 98 54 78
Tampi .. ........ .... 29 99 80.? 3 29.4827 5 452 49 s 28 9729 7
COTTON SEED MEAL.
The attention of consumers of cotton seed meal, either for stock feeding
or fertilizing purposes, is called to the analysis of various brands.
Pure, bright cotton seed meal shows a content of 8 per cent. and above in
ammonia, 2 per cent. or more of available phosphoric acid, and 1 per cent.
of potash. Such meal is now selling at $26.50 per ton at seaport. Its com-
mercial value is as follows:
8 per cent. ammonia @ $3.00 .......................... $24 00
2 per cent. available phosphate (@ $1.00 ....... .......... 2 00
1 per cent. potash @ $1.10 ................ ........... 1.65
The commercial value being in excess of the market value.
There is a quantity of cotton seed meal -,-, r. i. in the State labeled for
"Feeding purposes only." T'l -.. goods are guaranteed as follows:
41 to 5 per cent. ammonia.
1| to 2 per cent. phosphoric acid.
14 to 2 per cent potash.
Their commercial value compared to pure meal is as follows:
4 per cent. ammonia.............. .................. $13 50
11 per cent. phosphoric acid ........................... 1 75
1- per cent. potash ................................... 1 65
Commercial value ................................ $16 90
These goods are sold at $1.00 to $2.00 per ton less than prime meal. Their
relative value is $10.75 less than prime meal. There'is no economy in the
use of such goods; on the contrary, a direct loss. This applies as forcibly
to the feeder, or dairyman, as it does to the planter, the value of the meal
depending only on its content of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash in
both cases. Purchasers should buy according to the analysis, and pay for
the actual content of the valuable elements only.
SUGGESTIONS TO PURCHASERS.
By carefully studying the foregoing analysis of fertilizers, noting their
actual content of the necessary fertilizing elements, namely: ammonia,
potash (K2 0), available and insoluable phosphoric acid,-the only in-
gredients of any value to the grower-discarding all "Fancy Brands,"
"Names" or "Trade Marks;" paying no attention to "-l'lii,.,l,.iii- of
Bone Pr,.-!.1h,. of Lime" or equivalent of --Silph it. or muriate of Pot-
ash"' or equivalents of "Nitate of Soda" or "-.Si1.llI I... of Ammonia;" bas-
ing his calculations solely on the agricultural and commercial values of
the goods, offered as shown by the percentage of the three elements of
fertility required, and comparing the tables and analysis given with the
commercial values, the planter, knowing from experience the particular
elements his crop or soil demands, can intelligently select the goods re-
quired, and approximate closely the commercial value thereof.
The following price list of manural chemicals is quoted by reputable
dealers and importers in Jacksonville in lots of one to ten tons.
The same figures can be made n Pensacola or Tampa, for sport cash
f. o. b. cars:
Less than 5 to 10 10
5 tons tons tons
High Grade Potash 90 to 95 per cent.Sulphate (48 to 50 per cent. K2zO :.,I .i 51 0 '".;
Sulphate Potash, 48 to 55 per cent. Sulphate (25 to 30 per cent. (K20 6 .1 '. r
Muriate Potash, 80 to 85 per cent. Muriate (42 to 45 per cent. K20) ........... 46 (B1 l- 4400
Kainit, 12 to 13 percent. Actual Potah...... ........................... 15 (0 14 50 1300
Blood and Bone, 6% per cent Ammonia...................................... 50 2600 2550
Blood and Bone, 7 to 8 per cent. Ammonia.......... ................... 2750 -7 00 Li 50
Blood and Bone, 10 per cent. Ammonia..... ........................ .... 3200 31 50 3100
Haw Bone Meal. 2 to 4 per cent Ammonia, 22 to 25 per cent. total Phos-
phoric Acid............................ .............................. 3200 3150 31 00
Boneblack, 16 to 18 per cent. available l.:.. ...... Acid.................... 2500 2400 2400
AcidPhosahate, 14percent. Phosphoric .,...,I ........ ............. .. 113)00 1250 1 '11
Nitrate Soda, 1S to 19 per cent. Ammonia........ ........................ 4700 46 50 r. i
Sulphate Ammonia, 24 to 26 per cent. Ammonia.. ........................ 72 00 71 00 ;,i -"
Dried Blood. 17 per cent. Ammonia........ ... ......................... 4700 4650 4800
Ground Casto Pomace, 6% to S per cent. Ammonia..................... 2100 2050 2000
Canada Hard Wood Ashes, I to 8 per cent K.O (Potash)..................... 1500 1450 1400
Pulverized obaccoStem., 5to8 per cent. K20 (Potash).................. 1500 1450 1400
Tobacco Stems (Baled) 5 to 8 per cent. KIO (Potash) ....................... 1600 1550 1600
Tobacco Dust, High Grade, 5 to per cent. K2O (Potash) ............... 2100 2030 2000
Steamed Bone Flour, 3 to 4 per cent. Ammonia, 25 to 28 per cent. Phos-
rl..r \cid............................... : ............................ 2500 24 50 ?4 00
B, ci.r '..r.., Seed Meal, 7 to 9 per cent. Ammonia......................... 2650 2600 :U il
Dark Cotton Seet Meal, 6 to 8 per cent. Ammonia.......... ... ............ 2300 2150 21 00
"Blood and Bone," -'T.ii, lr -." "Garbage" and numerous other bye
products are excellent fertilizers, but depend solely on their "Ammonia,"
"Phosphoric Acid" and "Potash" for their value, the "odor" or smell
has no value. Their analysis is the only safe guide as to their agricultural
value.
The phosphoric acid of "S rp. rlh.i'-. ph i.:," "Acid Phosphate," and "dis-
solved bone" are identical chemically and .a-ri i:nlt r.llv. Large quantities
of "Acid Phosphate" are used and sold as "Dissolved Bone," advantage be-
ing taken of a prejudice existing against a name or term, the available
phosphoric acid of "Acid Phosphate" is equally valuable as that from
"bones," commercially and agriculturally.
AGRICULTURAL DEPA RTME T, STATE OF FLORIDA,
DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY,
S:- Taillahi-h,-, January 1, 1902.
,To HI- E:-.:.-llit-n. W. S. Jcrnnin. G.''.:-rn..r ot Fl;n.ilt, Tallah: -i., Fla.
Sir: I Iai'. th,- hoi.'r'to irnit thi- toil'i-wving r-p'..-rt 1 thi; Dl '-ion -uf
1 the Agricultural eiriirt 'of t t:t' t St r th- v,. :,ir ':n..lin- D m t.'? r
3 1, i..i .
DuriniL tih. v-ar I tih.I t1:,t -i:: -ta... t 62i .m.lv.- of oficiallv ,raum
i! III:; li 'r li;:) II 11 j I.1 l.,- ti J .1il l ,: rv . ," '
Th.-it ,,.n" t ilIre.i andr t'..f--nt ni i -'n 1 : p.>i il ,ir ',l :.f uin.:. f r-
Stilizers, -, tr ., ]:.,! .:,-,i]Un i lU t' .., ,i mii.h .ant in by' .. h.,-v.r-I
Shave been made.
] Tlih t ti t ly--.-' i : ,rni,'l.,_. ,:,t rock, :.-l;, :,-il, waters, and :-i- it ,-
b -n .. ..i.i..l j r Uri. .in.
S A t i :t tw a. 1iD lr l r I t irt, -- i. ht 3 I d :l:-r,. nIIin i -.
Of the total :-iirpl- Ii,.. i1- t. S iI tI .i, tha,'S t. 'h- -t. I i t,,t i, tie !:ty-
itwo (62)i .'-1- rnnr til.it,. in'. I i -ami'lI a:- 1--lh.ti'. t in ,:n.- ingredi-
ent, four iiil-ir: :- i' i'. in o t. f the n r- ::-'liHt- Lru ra It.:.,-*-, a 4 -ital
f thirteen (1.) :anipll -. nii literally 1i-fi,.- :nt in th.:- ii -ri l- -.: ; r i .h.- I d
or t i-i.-nt per cent. of all samples officially drawn, show a dei--f: i-.:;, in .nie
C.r ii.,r.: 'if th,!i- ..--:.-ut I elements as guaranteed by their makers.
I 1. i..t ..ittril'nti-h. -.1-l- .:i. .\ to a; ,,--,ire ti d.-traitu. ti- paur:chi:--r.
but to a lack of proper mixing of the m.iwt-rial, :ii.nl p:--til.v a t:,o: i r-.i-l
.:- ,,- Tt,,1 ,. ,t' -tat,:i I:it s as to actual .iniuti i a. '.i.ue ,.n id h ii-i, .Itl i i :, i-
i. i.t-i.: -:.f I: lh raw materials used in IhI :.i.r.fii ::itinu O: the lii :.- 'o:d-.
In seven int.'ii t th n.ral of toi.l rounl i :-ri. :z-i-int in on.:- ,r--.
S h,, i I ... _, ,i ., .o l ltl -I .l .1 l. ,. .l i l t i ,ih H I.- i.* i r.Il1 :.:' ] LA i _j _1_-Oli
i i_ ii-, .- ~ excess of the guarantee..
1." I',,. ion, t,., th,? ,. : ,,:tmn.rit ,n'l t [.-,r,:,-m ..: nt of the pr,.-,nt l.ew i M .,v ";"-:.
. 'lt Id,) much com pl:.iit I : ii .J- i.- ri 'i e -in icl:c.ilit ft Ilh- --i. vxihtlhiii thl
: ,St.t,- ,..f a-.,ilter :it., ., .' fr-iUi, l,-. t :,otto l eni.il on,:- ot the inmo- t i.-il-
i..l,,: t--rtili:.: s(- in thf:- 'S it-:. :iri.l thi- am min oni bac -,-t' Ml A uny I ILI .X
ft-rtili,'-r-. Large qiuantill oti li.ilt.:r t..1 i .iI tt l l .. -. l_ in the Stat-,
.mal, h1- i\ mI y .li cl ,-. :' s:,hows the value of thi; maitrial to be bLut ,-nve
halithat 'f .ir,: mal -it,-r lor :.-itt. food or f.rtilizr. I am phi i-,-id to
+.1'. :-i3 th.it r>,.:.,:--ntly lthese ,:o-,h pl,;ingt. !_,,-iv,:, t:la 'tir,",: e-_tent .e.:, e,', w ltl,:- the
.n in13i of anipl l I,,oth ,-li h'i- l, 1tantd -::ail, fail. to -ho-w the pr, .in:-e in
theiStat-- ofill. goo- r-,- mil.ai e I-f. Undir th.- p[r :-,:nt law tlhe concilinuler
c'' anJ, if he die-ir-, protI'-':t urnt-:lt froni aidulte-ration and- fraud. by c-ndiig
iulplr-: to tlhiS lal.ioratory. I find that there are still a few deial.rs and
jnhbbe-rs in cotton seel nit.il dispi:,id to 1-riti':isi the l.tw, and att-ipt to
'" ctade its provisions and thi p-.aimvnnt ,.f th ,-ainlysi. fE-. I am pleas-d tto
S'say that the-' do: not r.epreentt Florida a.uaufacturers, norr manufa,:-turer~
"'"of legitimate g,:-od: all of whrrnirr ? -trictl, :omrnplying with the law, rec:,g-
nizing the protection it is to themselves, and their customers, from inferior
goods and unfair competition.
C',.n, r 1.. ,- (i,;.u i ...,t 1 .:,:n made as to ' a 1 .:.d'" .. "'dif sed" to-
*.,, .: dust or imi' i L ri: qi itities of t':'li .: -. 'i:u- l i ,ri. ar i-,.,l
in tlhe St t_.. particularly by our i ..ippil,: -.r.:,;.r -, until th.i tini. t f..
the j'" :"-'.. : t law this ,.'ii ri.jl c,.-a not t .j t I g i.ii-'iit,.:, in1 .i':l, I -.
Large quantities were'-....il that ],a lit I... or no 'nanuridl alue, i_.a h to
the damage of the. .it;'i rint.: trade and to the (' ..-il.; ..: ;i' '' : '
This evident fraud has to a l.ii .:e *' .-ir nt I..n .11 ia-, r.._.,1']. With ti... as-
-. in ,:, ,,f th,. pi, r.i, r ,,in..i g!itirn.iit- .l. .:r it v.il -oi.l n I ,nti r..ly pre-
vented. Tobacco dust (or stems) when unleashed is a valuable insecticide,
.-,i.l r1i.i r:-r, 'I.il it;in._ 5 to 8 per cent. potash and certain pungent or
aromatic properties, when leached or difused, as in the manufacture of
".'l,:-.p Dip," for which thousands of tons are used, it has no value what-
ever as a fertilizer or insecticide.
During the year, all the prominent cities and t..wri, of th.: $tSt have
been visited, the larger seaports and manufacturing cities several times.
The various warehouses, and factories have been inspected, particularly at
Pensaeola,'Jacksonville, Tampa, Port Tampa, Palatka and Miami, where
- : distributing warehouses and l.,.t .ii are located; also (;,,.--v l..-,
Orlando and other centers of manufacture and distribution. Many of th-
larger vegetable, fruit and cotton centers have been visited and samp;s
taken direct from the consumer. .
I am pleased to say that generally I find the manufacturer, dealer and
consumer ;I;-f;, 1 with the present statute and anxious to assist the De-
partment in :,f..r..in i. its provisions, recognizing the ili,.. t;ii it iff-.r.l
to the legitimate manufacturer or.honest goods,.and the consumer, in pre-
venting the. competition of producers of inferior goods and its -<.i...,lu, nt
damage to the grower, and to the trade.
Some complaint is made as to the broad allowance between minimum
and maximum guarantees of some makers, in some instances from one to
five per cent. of a stated ingredient. It has been suggested that the guar-
antee should show only the minimum, or; actual amount of an ingredient
guaranteed. Such has been the ruling of several States having a similar
law to our own. This ruling and the forbidding of the statement of equiv-
alents, in addition to the guarantees, has prevented confusion in the minds
of the farmers. Seldom a mixed fertilizer exceeds the minimum guaran-
tee, while the maximum is in rare cases reached. A goods bearing a guar-
antee of from one to five per cent. of a certain ingredient is misleading to
the purchaser. He hopes to get, and is charged for, more than the mini-
mum. The facts are, he will receive the minimum guarantee or very little
more. Such a guarantee is ,among others, taken from goods in this State
recently.
26
I would respectfully suggest that the Department rule on this import-
ant subject, that manufacturers be required to guarantee the minimum, or
actual amount of fertilizing ingredients in their goods, stating only those
ingredients as specified in the law; that all equivalents be discarded, and
prohibited, as they lead to confusion of terms and are used simply to add
Irength, and apparent value, to the guaranteed analysis.
This position is also assumed by the Association of Official Agricultural
Chemists and the Association of American Agricultural Colleges.
Very respectfully,
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist.
AGRICULTURAL DEPA .\I!Ti'Ii T, STATE OF FLORIDA,
DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY,
Tallahassee, January 1, 1902.
To His E ..11.. .;,-, W. S. Jennings, Governor of Florida, IT II 11....., Fla.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the receipts and
expenditures of this division of the Agricultural Department of the State
for the year ending December 31, 1901:
Total amount received for inspection fees, fertilizer stamps, on
fertilizers, cotton seed meal and manurial chemicals ....... $13,072 95
Paid salary of State Chemist ................ $2,000 00
Paid salary of Assistant State C('.!, -.t ........ 1,500 00
Paid traveling expenses 1901 ................. 360 60
Paid laboratory supplies and apparatus ......... 534 81
Total expenses ...........................$4,395 41-$4,395 41
Balance to credit of general revenue.................... $8,677 54
Respectfully submitted,
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist.
Governor Jennings of Florida
i. By S. B. Russ
"Our deeds still travel with us from afar,
And what we have been makes us what we are."
Wlliam Sherman Jennings was born in Marion County, Illinois, March
S24, 1863. His father, Judge Joseph W. Jennings, was a man of weight
and influence; his mother, born Mary Couch, had in her veins some of
the best blood of South Carolina; and their son was, therefore, born to
C an inheritance of vigor, and thrift that has since stood him in good stead..
Governor Jennings came to Fl1:,rida in 1885,.and the following year
was admitted to the bar in Brooksville, Hernando C:onty, where he had
Pitched his tent. He was then twenty-three years old, and, after his,
graduation at the Southern Illinois Ncormnal Uni\versity, had entered
himself as a student at the Union Law School in Chicago. and had also
read law for one year v- ith his brother Charles, who was at that time a
>_ _partner -f _hij e-:tri-~n, "the great commoner," \Villiam Jennings Bryan.
Such, in brief, \-tas the equipment with which the man. hho is now gov-
ernor of the sovereign State of Florida, started out in an obscure- country
town to hew out for himself a place-in the v. world. Neither the outlook nor
the material at hand.was perhaps altogether prol-imis.ing, and yet, behind
the young law \er. like a solid supporting wall, lay a long line of sturdy
and indomitable ancestors, imbued with high ideas and accustomc,1:- to
try themselves and those about them by high-perhaps, harsh-stand-
ards.
In other words, there has always been something of the Puritan in
Governor Jennings--Fometlhing of the austere abstemiousness-the
careful frugality And the slow painstaking patience that never tires,
seldom hesitates and rarely fails.
His career, since the day when he first hung out his shingle in Brooks-
ville, has been that of the man who is content to plant before he reaps,
to walk before he runs; and, who, if he cannot at once soar above his
fellows, can at least put them all to shame by the patience of his plodding.
Governor Jennings ploded to so much purpose that one year after his
admission to the bar, he was appointed court commissioner for the Sixth
Judicial Circuit. The .next year he was appointed county judge of
Hernando, and in November of the same year, he was elected to tlhe
position which he held for four years.
This brought him up to 1892, by which time the patient young plodder
was considered ripe for the Legislature. He sat in the lower house during
the session of 1893, and, if he did not make a reputation for eloquence in
Tallaha.-see, he did something better. He went there comparatively
unknown. He left Tallahassee at the close of the session with that rarest
of all reputations-the reputation of being able to sit in silence, when
there was nothing to say-of having the faculty of winning the confi-
dence of others, without giving too much of his own in return. The poli-
ticians of the State-and nowhere else are politics more industriously
I .
-~ :4 ,
ALKAHEST 85
Christmas Morning.-E. A. Speer
ALKAHEST
Gov. Jennings
cultivated, both by professionals and amateurs, than in Florida-had
begun totake "that man JennLing'" into account, and the time was fast
coming when they were also to take him into their confidence, and to
.eek his.
In rSi5 he was again in the House of Representatives-but not on the
floor., The plodder had by this time got the rungs of the ladder of life
well under his feet--the seed planted so l:onfg ago in the ambitious dreams
of the silent Illin:iis law student had sprouted; and when the House
,Jrganized. W. S. Jennings was made speaker. It was his first extended
experience with the gavel, and it may be accepted as:an indication of the
sort of stuff of which he was matde that the young speaker made neither a
ALKAHEST
fool of himself nor enemies of those over whom lie and his gavel were set.
There is no place in the world in which a man sooner finds his own
level than in a rough-and ready legislative body. If he lacks the sense
to find it, he.is soon shown the way, nor is that way always made as.
smooth for him as it might be. There is very little rose water at best
about Florida politics, and while the State Senate instinctively seeks:
t,: clothe its gaunt outlines in something of the traditional dignity of
senatorial bodies the world over, the lower House is in Tallahassee, as.
elsewhere, ain open court, where the best man wins, and where dignity
and oratorical graces go for little. The man, young and untried, who is
thrown into a body such as this, may either dominate it, drift with it, or
be crushed by it; but Speaker Jennings did neither. He simply led the-
Houei-led it in such a way that he was hardly suspected of leadership.
He controlled the House, but so deftly and nmodesi ly, with such infinite
tact. urbanity and ease, that no-rude breath ruffled either the surface
of his diplomacy or the self-comiplacency of his;fellow members.
The result was inevitable. When the session was at an end, Speaker
Tennings had made many friends and few enemies. He has also made a
reputal ion, and wa;s generally looked upon by those -"on the inside" as
:one of the men \who must be reckoned \ ith. But even then it is probable-
that fe,. even of those cl-.sest to the future governor, suspected the real
sco-pe,. of his ambition or thze strength of the character \with which they
were dealing. In other words, Speaker Jennings was at that time often
misuinderstio'od and generally under-rated. Here lay one element of his
-tren2th : for if it is difficult .t dal with a an able man. it is still more diffi-
*'tlt to- deal v. ith ione whose ability is not always indicated by the accepted
formula.
In 1Si6 he was a presidential electorr on the ticket headeld by his cousin,.
WXilliam ie.nnings Bryan. and conveyed the, vote of his State to the Elec-
toral College at Washington in IS7. In the following year he was:
chosen chairman of the Democratic State Convention at Orlando. In
ioco he received the Demn-cratic nomination for governor at the hands
of the Jacksonville convention, after an exciting contest, in which to the
crasual observer, the odds were against him from the start. But it was
'the same old stor\' over again, and the man who finally swerpt. a convention
that had unexpectedly discovered that he was the one available candidate
upon whom it could unite, w\as the patient plodder, who could remain
:silent when he had nothing to say, and who sat still and waited for the-
wheel of fortune to turn his way, while others were wearing themselves
out in an attempt to perform the impossible.
The day that he became Governor of Florida, W. S. Jennings had
been in the State but little more than fifteen years. No man in its
history had arisen more rapidly or with less apparent exertion, and it had
by this time begun to dawn upon the minds of the slate-makers and
political soothsayers that the young man who had so quietly set their
calculations at naught had somewhere in his make-up a reserve,force
of a kind with'which they had not hitherto credited him. And his career
as chief executive of the State has since done much to confirm the con-
clusion which, in some instances at least, was so reluctantly arrived at.
Governor Jennings began his term of office under singularly auspicious
circumstances. The famous Indian war claim, aggregating something
I I
ALKAHEST
-over a million dollars, for which the State had for years clamored in vain,
.was at last ripe for adjuitii-i.nt. After deducting the claims held against
the State by the general government for some $300,000, over $700,000 was
turned over to his administration. The State convicts, once a drug on
the local labor market, were leased for a term of years at $151.50 a head,
a transaction that at one stroke gave the State from this source alone
-an annual income of something like $150.000 for four years. Under his
regime, the standard of the public schools has been raised, and their
revenues enlarged. The primary system of nominations has become into
general use, and has given general satisfaction. The Supreme Court--
once sadly in arrears with its business-has- been reorganized and ren-
dered more efficient. Nearly $4oo00,00 has been derived from the sale of
lands belonging to the Internal Improvement fund, and almost as much
-now stands to the credit of that fund. An heroic attempt has been made
to reform and -readjust the prevailing system of assessing and collecting
taxes, with the result that ;-omething like $30,000 has already been saved.
And, above all, while the efficiency :of the public -ervice has in ever'
direction been increased, the bonded debt of the State has been greatly
reduced, with a correisp:,nding decrease in the burdens of-taxation.
A record such as this cannot be-the result of chance: :It is true that
those who begrudge Governio;r Tennings. his laurels have-intimated that
he has simply reaped where others have sown--that he has simply
stepped in at the el,\venth hour and carried off the priie prepared by
others. This is easy to say, but the world is less concerned with analyses
than results; and, ,\hatever his predecessors may have done, it can
hardly be denied that Governor Jennings has made the most of'his'
-opportunities and has managed to arrive upon the scefie at the most
-opportune moment possible.
In any case, Governor Jennings' future may be accepted as assured.
It may not, indeed, be his lot to rise to further heights, but he is at least
too firmly entrenched in the confidence of the people of his State to fall.
He will lay down the cares of State and leave the executive chair with
the consciousness that he has done more for Florida thafi any of his pre-
decessors, save the late Governor Drew. And when' the future historian
'shall pen the story of the time in which he played a part so conspicuous,
it will be known of all men as it now is known to some, that beneath the
,quiet, impassive exterior of the public servant whom some of his contem-
poraries have privately written down as cold and unsympathetic-narrow
and austere-was in truth a man of warm heart and ready human sympa-
thies; but one so schooled and seasoned in the hard school of experience
.as to no longer wear his heart upon his sleeve "for daws to.pick at."
I I
A Successful Painter of Children
T HERE are few persons whi o lare not interested in children, in one
\-ay or another, e-ither Iheir Iown o-r bomebouldy' else, whom they
may probably wi-h were their o\u-n, and it must be a callous
soul indeed who cannot enjoy the exqui-t ti children's pictures painted
, by Jessie Willcox Smith.
The'one which \\e repICoduLicc, by curtitc- of Charles Scrilibnr's Sons,
is the second in a series, called. "A i\l: th r'; Day," and is tlie daintiei t
thing iaingirable, the idea, the drain ing andl the coloring are all oi'nder-
fully 11armiionious, and in its sim nplicity lis N ii- greatest charm The siift
green of their grass, the tall spikes otf b!u fl,:.! : i the sweet-facc.,I mother,
-toi-ping to her small ;onS- level, but mIn:-t t:f all the uncLoni ciu- little
white figure witi h .. curly yellow\ head
b nt in intent in- teret as Ihe watch-
t: the ink fliwver P lit int., his hut-
t,_n-hole.
It shows a great Ideal of nl ,ledlg
,if child life, a love and appreciation
Cf hilornl and constant study of
their moods. Miiss Sm i i t II piictures
hildhod wi t h her brush as Bar-
rie has done with hi s penl in the Lit-
tle \\'hite Bird-- they are not for
children, but of c -hildren for grown
up lovers of chil- dren.
Miss Smith wvas a student of the
Pe n isy I a n ia Academy' of Fine
Arts, where she wo n prizes and
praises. and later. .tudied with Hokw-
a r d Pvle. She says that she "had
no intention of making a special-
tv of children" when she began to
study.but her first su ticcss, "A Moth-
er's Day." which is a series of six
C-pijr;gh. I tt rI~harljC ar.S ri Le3o r .S.
pictures. "Morn- ..,in in the Gar-
d e n," F a i r v In the Gard,_n.-i'y',,e W,,'r .a",b Tales." "Supper."
"'Checkers" and "Bed-Time." nat-
uirally led to other orders ':-f a similar kind. "until 110w I have to re-
mitii people that. I can do other things than children."
"Children are certainly very difficult mlodkels. Miss Smith says,
"and, 'ie must do the best one can by \vatchingi. them and studying themni
at all times. I have never been able tio make any use of a pro!es-
sional model, as their child poses are conslTh'ious and stiff-all the sweet.
natural grace of clhildhoud is trainiel out of them in the effort to keep
still.' It is very ev. ident to one whn has seen the pathetic little old faces
of professional child models, that Miss Smith has not used them, even
for the figures of her drawings. A rumnipled dress and tumbled hair. ihose
inseparable accompaniments of healthy childhood, cannot be associate
with the immaculate attire and unruffled composure of a child model.
.141L41 -'Ikrk.WI...
.2 r 9hK- j r-RAmS
. ;N:at tbamb9:~fl~r~ e~.terl o
1aabu.e Fla.,., -hiu S ie -) ~ ?
w, ufl. p Sj .-,.,
;,.N'' R vo-4f8Y9
:.:IW'.l K 1 Yo 'it'Le ed:1'
meu bytheU t~~Q b t~a mrseetFn
ki lol; M. '-1'q.'.-'' jtj jtted
fbege. tQ. flid hj4~ givenlow to off. ube
Z~~r.
etgn--hcful sIiic the tul;oi io t I
i. -ee WWV du -e ilS
ft s te I tel~bfiI jrnpmovenient Fn ;tl hc *Furd A:'
~t ~ ~: t~~r9it:W. th.i~n
Lonfln~-. ciuittee hen'hr1 nae m to p e.~n
~etimpf~0j?; ifledlipwol.t In~ ~te~ilJ frp ove~cngientpyteri f
Z. of I- :A I
&tu4d "&;fda Ueee dl nid aton
al 6'iel,60114i ti~~~'jilIfifehd a ad;~icaui'ail 'eob 0abl
ml intedsLd' IOf.a: bs di sU d to I1espay
*'Fhe~~~~tu' ~ ~ emd prenac voiCouue o e
tem t .I ts ),y ..t eeet upon. m etl Fudin
oftb F dor6eta tim t e A43 mw~oh StA ftiiou si.. h jned how
tg Thi ; (1,0~id ed Cor) d fo bste
4lie b te a do eed
......................
~ .; ~a i(t he fou pn llow ug-i-eportio
h:pro:t 'in": t `,F u, id. w oth wheh. .11,01i
................
siqij:j&0 I'ol-O'rment sN-stem fi-I
a~9pi of nder-i:~3:~es b nsidqrafl :~ n:
N, i ew jV'.jieces 'r-,V
4CI;:FT :~'''~t~'~:~~lvo% e~ti u At n .9 i laoe~f:fb~~"'~f nd-l.`
The Iateru, g_--YAV, I sts-.f
: o~elldne,~~j~:i;~:~ t~F1 Unio~E~eed Statl~. .~s.
'Ph e 4i d, f O
"' ~h%-A! X jo-lo~d
of Flrid. g. el ppned(4
*.. -47,S L r,
- .. 1.1.. X
V :" '6 !'5 e n wn-a
Sly known as swamp lands, wer I tei-beang selected and ..
t.. Patented, to be subject to thcdi rposal:6f the Legislature
Sof the Sta:te, _with'the proviso, :th"i tihe, proceeds of said ,
lands,- whether from sale or direct.a apropriation in kiud,
should be applied exclusively, is far .as necessary, to the
i^'' purpose of recliaiming said lands by. mealis of levees and
drains. ,
"I7i ,There was no. such provisro s:to'the Internal Improve.
6, ment lands proper. .
Und'r these grants the Statq as -received .patents for
16,014,198.75 acres.
The Legislature of Florida. o January 6, 1855. passed
what is known as the Internal Improvement Act. This
act- vested all of the internal :improvement lands proper
then unsold, as well as all the swamp .and overflowed
lands on hand, with all the proceeds that had been accu-
Smulated, in the Governor, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attor-
ney-General and Commissioner 6f Lands, as a Board of
Trustees, to carry out the prok\sions of the act.
,r -As proper objects entitled to the.benefits of this enter-
prise,-the act designates the following-proposed lines of
railroads and canals, viz:
SA line of railroad from St. Johns river at Jacksonville
I'. to the waters of Pensacola Bay, with'an extension from
: ., suitable points on said line to St. Marks river or Crooked
i. river at White Bluff, on Apalachicola Bay. in Middle
Florida, and St. Andrews Bay, in West' Florida, and a
k' line from Amelia Island, on the..Atlantic, to the waters of
I TTampa Bay, in South Florida, with an.extension to Ce- i
S dalr Keys, in East Florida; also'a canal from the waters
of St. Johns river on Lake Harney-to the waters of Indian
nt: river.
B. this act the companies whilih might undertake thb
construction of auy l.irt of any of said lines of railruamd
'were authorized to issue coupon bonds to the amount of
$10.fr00 per mile on each se tio n'of, ten miles of completed
:' rillroad -they -miight cotnstrunt, and.additional bonds for
bidese- over tlit Suwanne,- and other rivers, and a stirui-
S'titre to cross from the weqt side of.Nassau river to Amelia
. island.
:" Such .bonds were to fill due not longer th.in thirty-five
"r. sr" ftom their date, and to bear interest at not more
:. ... .
-. . j
*': ': :*' ...
1'
C~..
14 ,'
F~
It.-..
F
U i'
-
........................................ ....
SI
The Trustees ;.Nere huth'oized to endorse upon- these
bonds .a guarantee that the Internal Impirovement Fund,
was pledged to pay the inteiret onaiit bonds, which was
evidenced by coupons maturing every six mouths.
4*uder tliis authority to -railroads and canals to issue
bonds and coupons, this enormous aud"vexatious debt was
incurred. .- ,
Immediately after the passage of'the act, four railroad
companies .organized and .availed themselves of -the- pro-
visions of the act; and upon their construction bonds
were issued, with a guarantee by the Trustees that the
coupons thereon should be paid at diaturity and of the
Internal Improvement Fund.
The. railroad companies which issued bonds, and the
Amount to which they were issued, with a guarantee en-
dorsement of the coupons by the Trustees, were:
Pensacola and Georgia Railroad Company .. ..$1,220,000
Tallahassee Railroad Company ............... 206,000
Florida Railroad Company ..... ............ 1.616,000
Florida Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad
Company .............. .................... 555,000
Total ....... ........ .. ........ ..... 3,59.s 9 ,000
The first named railroad company built the road from
take City to Quincy; the second reconstructed that from.
St: Marks to Tallahassee; the third built that from Fer-
nandina to Cedar Keys; and the fourth built that from
Jacksonville to Lake City.
The annual interest on this amount of bonds, endorsed
and guaranteed by the Iute'nual Improvement Fund, was
$251,790, payable semi-annually.
Prior to the war the Trrfste.e had to pay very large
-amounts of this interest debt. the railroads paying but
S little.
' After the war the railroads stQll failed to pay the inter
est o 'their bonds, and having failed to pay the sinking
fund of one-lalf o(f one per cent. annually on the amount
of their stork and bonded debt. as required by the Inter-
nal Tihpror-eenit Act. the Tirustees, under the power given
t.thpn by the act, seized and sold the several railroads, as
follojiws: .
Florida Railroad, in *1867.
'" T'' d. .\dtflairr;t i-nd COl!f Central.Railroad, in 186S.
Q
I
j
I
i
'ii
~-- d
. ;: I
: .
1
.:
*d'. '-* A .
Io
I 0 Q
P,
6i]H60 b'd
9 ', 2 00
i 0
1 *411 (1 10, JIi boll&
TO 19, d I Ite's-TITIII-
10' hi
I ('A I 1)01Cl 1,",6 Li G'F. 1) Lld
im d.
ki (u,",
!Tnc I I,, III le'' lqts(-, -0, Mi("Id, vis. 4 tio
1 of TrIls"oe'," of -weil-i F1111d. j
wi
0 Jt V e, 11pou
I U i 181 'IJtt,
V`
101 ivh T,( 4ie*,"', 16 rtl III l 0,0if't
wii s -,tj i d frig',
-i & G i I keviti 11 COO
T b
NE usr THER 1',
,I Ii m4j riq 1)-v MIS-
I 1,, 1111p I I ell ']I'll 1) tj, ('Ofjjojj,' (If t 1('
q
0'Tl T) M 0 U ft S
j)tOn wr 5, 1882,, 2
9 M 9 0`1 ')'1
It ('Q, Op O)
T
s
-I S, IOrl a,
Ny,. Clc 'L ii tj 'Clu f',Con--
f)
W
m ou t io wi. I f-O, 00
4 N
7,C
i,-LU UC Vr,
14l
rV
10, 0 0 0 i ft ftuvc s,,a u A
4a ru
0 T- TV
joo f,117.1 1 tjT
tei I I "i ed''j- i
11, 61"n't 4,ve
-J:ni 1, -w(l
A- i I GI 'S 0 d
i Oil
llilc Lu ilt r, (jnqTt; 501 0 F
for, x
,6 k,
0, 1 v,
j- t! )p
'6:
a Z7,
'INA'all i T,)
F6wuIm 4
Vu,(
lien 31(,w C-Ni"411ill -01,orw
'1 4
Ili,(), 1,4
I (TjtS of we i ;-[I buul lTLl I tS b d. 1E n4a 'Ic 11" 14,w h .-I
"1 1) 1, V(,ceived lich lands, i-WLTA pn YvI $Q
con I;jj ii Oj, i d
oll 1", nul( e St clf,,ffl --Cr(IdItoVrs,
o ,Ahe hitem,,W Ilapyo venO-,ij I St'S",- 0
lyfijch illd, Fthid k, aqj -,abb 4isllb`j, "'m a ct
d cac d4 ell c' 61A-,T" 'a ge a i; i) e- r- a,
'sv-sf-T[I of W-dminovel at
]A e 4,b aj, p ro
'in U "I, Ispr) :111d snbjeT' 0',-(-Oj) Tn(Il t
sa In'tIA:ejan s ousti-
Qn
t LAI 11`-IA6,11',' the, T ltstp,'& qvf&' litfz, il pyoye
, , , I l , '4 't' il'nsle
mQiA,-z ndforj 6 purposi,,`of'Mi -F IS 'j 4
a(
Y`Pr6qNedl hb Th, UeAlb 46 Ti( S, r: n te
4-6" -0, O'Aq A,
0 a g jI o t :to Nes d ey, t,Mafl ie
A
41
~~;yn M .!,: ROEME Fiai~~:EUND.
J'e --.Tamp -and Ko
Ragifroaqch4,t~ude
*i-g vcyed oa accoiir
ma le Ult .9lnte
i sectionsns, frqom Jac
K K4 vi1Ie to PMlatka
I..
A-f4)bCove ed onlf l
1OOO na(e-i per
*:~.f n; J;:
Nrill'e. to.--:R latka.
To i conyeyed.
C1~'onvevedunder g
:,~s ::~:g .F.'. .,~ ..
OR --,~ifl~F.J -AH EL
QC~hiPHE tNITERN ~;4L:.e:
w~ ayCompa-ny,
Wa~n ement:
Mbt. Di~iis -
J.4 I' :
.;-X. Aw
PP
.;
iL]-~. y ..
.i ..:
k~Q .41 9.I
TV,,
NTI T
'IT
fTT,7 v
711
ly
f,('tl 11 s W,
Al6ves per"Tillie, gq, I
T_
Total rail [pi I TO 0 O(A
61 , I I
cl
3, V;-ij
N
T'
Nov,,, 3 0 1 d 0'od
'collve
J ye
N '21
31, AT '4d, A, e v
'0601) re ior I'l, 1
Ol 7-)8 S'l
.i liiil'. T, NN
4..TU
T,
Ft
TI
Tj
uri er ,,T
T- ol)
11. 1 (.c Joh,
T_
T 'IlTllber of, Mile,,
,T
N.IlTlibiw'of i cn-;-, d" f ,2 TN]
I V
j- T)I.W c,4lv("6,d
a I "I"a T4 t
35
TI
TIT",
T TlapI4 il
A,
8
R
9 V
24'
d
t
-2
J
t of
au '77810 P 'I
S ('OTI t'00' ;)1 0(
d
4', C
G"611 (Y 0
0 0 ... ..
4
hA s
eNW
42085- 9
C,'Oh-
a 6
a;Rc
64 .9':
K 2' L t6d. 'OnYeYe
A 661 n"
z
'V87
:e o nNT e i .9 1,L'i .4 1
X
777
QW1 VOVO ID ff'-
,A
w
17
A,
uveyed
fidso eo 11 o
Ids, co'nve.v,
F ed
n
71
. . . . .
,Ulz
y,
it,
r;J' 4,-,
a
L a 1- 0 8
if
ay" TOM
AIV
u (1,91C, ota v Qd
7e.,
,n A, 'arld.40,61
0 Al"
n
r i
t
tt-
J I n'd J, ,eyod
l 4,
s,'c n oved
kf
87.
'T ved. .
4 oh v et o d VS
a 1,25' -,LoiLds' OTJV(,Aleli
Jli i I ytt 7- 1
)09
18SS.
lveved
eC. 1-1,'alld,, co- MICIv0d,
June _=-C(rtlfwatolo-r unli-n t-
'4
W.i
C)
74S,4
OT) Nrel% Poc
Ifft er "S"
IV
0, W?_
TlVeVed li'lldel'
J
0 -'Ml -S biill
4 INT IWT Of:, '2 C I
4 11 16(t
.p v".1cr
. . . . . . . . .
4"
'n
V P4 llli'V i6-r
hi 2
-3W
A4;
T1. -f"l, NA, L, ""y n, T
is's
Yn
R) 2S L, k l
d on",-
'Oull evil'i e_! I$Q
jl 1'.,6
14$86
'A I w. i2'5'
('66nt of al I (),TlAe e
o 11 N O-d.under
I I (,O-rpora 't m/
ov.-M -Ln n 13
2t
Vr
A Rud a d,' sfjn
3 1 o I I vby,6 d, t6 South
R a i: rload "Os O-D -
co -mfrlfa`f e--
41
1-o 1, i;s r 0 iii, 'q' f r
,Vt, -eved td', oiAh
Railroad 0 11
At
4
i oiv rom S,
ampal',,.,.. 1`515
FeLjj. 19' Cony.eye&'t
r4,
V
I I I I I . . .
t-'VA
'T ali on x
1 8 14" "1 ...........
'90
Pj
g
co-.,
M
tj) r": &
-ter ,Ruil,oi) Il (',l I
CTI V:y
li I SS T I I
lll]Qvll 0
Al
`04: W VMR
Vtl
Vt
hilT116, O
I I s
I S-L('61 I iovod, to
.... .... ...
vesfilleil o'.
&
te foT, ron d
'ed ))),TM tO 11)
0
I S IS,
la L rakj
Mi oft qt-
ThWO)"
qi;
4
flla I
T)'O IJ-
1 '114 <
A
I n4rW "'p,
WJ- 66- 2`061 0(_
y4
MI
To~l on~i'eed
'e- Pr'n la, oind Atlan tie
pill -::- uveyed.. I-
4It L-andqrnudes-de
!:;*llan~~. U',u n s corfive-yell.
d f~Vpr~-,La-n ds eonve ved .... ij
v-Ie: ...
le
~,h ..~ : :~
1. ..4.-..;
, Nu,
'04 K
"IM
r I I
-of, ji ii es t-
-6f IC e,
'20:00
N U I TA b'GI L" 0
AA 2-2 1),
tI _413
w f--
Bal-,mcle-,., d
Oca a -Y
09,
-)nva
30 Eanc s vO
42,
2-,L' ads,- (_,mJveyel
s col d' ve 93 440
j4(
lit 4
-(-on vo vedl.uude 14 t e
_N u in I64, VIT,
NIIIIITIPJ of p "'Ibil6J,0,000
nvo
Qf
140i 4
k, W(z "Wtq','ro
Laud-- cojivey,,,d:' 613 ,20_ _2 7 6 13'.
d.
so lo;as"
(o ne- eved under. alte nate ,.1
-s.ections ....... .. 10
SGreen Coioe Springs and -MeL sas' .Jalroad ompn
S 1884.. -. .-
Marc ...v i 81, 4. 7 4
t9 .' arch _0---Lands conveyed; ..S.'8 7,81. 18
.'. ;.. ,-" ' . *- " --- ."', ". *'"i ' ": .
C:... .: -. C oneoveyed under alternate.,1. :.
.. -* ... sections ...-. .-. ... . 7 81 .. . .
.Ormiang Blt RawlaiQ'oipany .
S1888
S4 un -Lad egnveyed... '66329
S? Au g. 17-Lands conveved... ... ,8.88- 79,582.17
:. .-. . "i-Conveyed under alternate .. .
.se tions ............ ... 79,582.17
BZui p g/q.9. Orange Citi ai AdAnidc Railroad Co.
..4-v....l Laands eouveyed... 99.71
.-" ....
'i. 9 Lands coriveyed .... .. .. 659 8 65, '122,
.........O. NRre-ed Illder .. lter.
:. sections 1. ,1 2 .
SNumber .of acres deede'
4" to Fla. Coast Line a, .
n 1al & Ttansportatio :
.- .o. .n. ..489.44
Company ..........
SMni 13--N mhir of acres dee
k L.. 2 "j; "1'?;Pr; g4..A ,
..' .. .. ""' : .,fd, '. % ."
: nal Improvemiien,:;.' -:
F- und of Florida 'if'. .: -
*; August 1, 18 8. '
The aggregate number of ad of .lai .di-whichl have bn .:,:
r conveyed ,by the Trustees r f th-'i etJ tP nal Improvement .
in : d toothe various railroa'ad.'"i fenas'rn t4i& State, .
rind whicl are subject to t si i 'ead: ': visn of.law,.
are nine inJliio oue fhundiiE .Tid .wenti fi.ve thousand ..
fie- hundred and fortv-one.'6 a3n ii e.-ni. :hundredth's :
acre ..9,125,541 .69 See B"''.'
INWi: ,. :..: ",
, .. .. '.
N ; ; t'
," : " 'y ;. .. '". ..
~' ~ ~ J* : 'r:
r- *'''^rr- *- -
;F': l
Ot .Irnes ot Land conveyed tl i
hv the Trustees (it the Int.
i'ailroads and Canals
':niprovement Fund of
Florida.
J. T. & K. W .. .
I'. I. R '. .. HV .:. .. ....
i. St. A & H R. R'v......... .. .......
t. A P .. . . . .; ....
S t. T. R ...... . .... ; .- .. .
8. J. & H l 'v . . . .. ... .
Fi;. S
F li,. idia Ati. ilhei n . ... .. .........
S., F ,.: \. ....................: .....
Live lral; & R. Blulf R' ............. .
,uith F li-rida . ... .. . .......
Floii:la Railway & Navigatin, .......
P. & Atlnnt i. .. .. ... .... . ....
Silver Spriigs., iala I G l ... ......
.Alla lina & Flolida ..... .... . ...
J. & A.tlai tic .... .... .. ......... ...
Florida M id. Ry. ... ...... ..........
'. Sprin s & Mid. 1 .... ......
aiige Helt R'. ...... ...................
liili' ;S ing,.-,. 0lanFge Ciity & Atla tie .. .
m ~"' .*r,
415,6.33.7;.
4111,753.&5
553,531.25
33,331.11ii
4211s5.!12
1411,0711.1;;
14.645.62
2.733,7t;3.!17
-.15, 172.:.-s
3..253.21
94.38U.6!i
594,22-.7!i
2,157,2t6.73
14,0.t54.44
27.613.32
12,t.C7.14
10.7lll.79
7,7S1.42.
7l,5'2.17
65,122.2"
R:iilloads ........ ... . -.. ...... 7.S58,451.94
t.AN A LS. "L..
A. & ;iulf 'oast C'and & Okeechu'ble Land Co. 1.174.943..1I;
Florida (Ci'at Iine i'anal and Tiraisportation
Co ...... ..... ..... .... . .... 92,146.M 1
'anals ......... ........... ....... 1,267,080.75
A-ggregate No. acI'res Icoon\'eed to .ailroads
and canals ........ ..... .. . ........ 9,125,541.69
The- awirunt of iudertedness, wl-Cti was a lien unou this
land. as ali'rady stated, was one~illion five hundred and
six thousand nine hundred au.hirt--six and fift'y-one
*,.. *,..
m k
M ;,.
i -
.--
, ..
is
litndredths dolfhi i I'.J1~.1 iii ]~ 'i'l I'dIl
bvi [lie Trustee, ..t IIo, Iiii l vs\'liliii iii thr,
the ( O ~ill p lik lillit-'lit it -;111.1 H4-11.
The aitiount -,I tl.,- ti paid 1,v Ow T, 11.11 1\ jl' 1N .~
I t('s of the In0 i Ii.11 IlIjI *11 veaaiaIft I Fai I.'. ill, -I 11-f -I1
1th hli nds so cain I( I. iI., kes it illjr.1-pil lolti Ie ir i clce of
sixteen and on!.i iel I ivli.- alipl.
And the(?foll-m Mi-2 hiII lulo Hit. II1 tw~;il ramlllhur an
111.111 peIr Ii** aje e onil ;ll'd 1111. 1I1 ;I' part
dw. h% railroads and v"F"k. Set.
I
4rr
THE AMOITINT O I; NI.IE:BTEIINES
Ill hili Intl ll;! IllaI|' >- It|Ir-ilI F uiil Il J i,. l lw- T r'u--il --
it tlii- I ill'" in11 [ii'l') n i-' i r iiit Filn jp[,iiiii 1.i'iri'1l on the
ftilwirini ;g R lin; nis iiN ] I al'n ils.
o.. u
hnll and r w
I ;
**' c I
T. & K. \. 1:. i: .... .. 41.,.i;.:,.7:_
1 ? i
R R. > H ....... -111 .73 ::. 1 i;i;..-:!;i.
Si.. A.& H I-. R'y. . . 1: .3:, _'1 s. :'-_'.I;.,
A. A. & P. R'y. . . . .. .
t. J. R'y . . . . . 6,944.17
J. & H R 'y. ........... | 1.1.117...; ;i .1i ;T.;.;
I,. S.. & L.il;a K is i . .1 14. .1.2' 2 ,- 11;.1:2
Si-i S.'iiiIri R. I. '2.T:1::,i .:.'i7 451,071.05
I .. Fla. & Western R. R. 1...172"'"1 24L,704.17
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THE GROWTH OF
TRUST COMPANIES.
T HE trust company is essentially an Ameri-
can institution. It was correctly de-
clared by Mr. Charles F. Phillips at the last
meeting of the American Bankers' Association
that, "In the strict sense of the term, there are
no trust companies in Europe or the Orient, and
none in the Latin-American countries, barring
the Mexican Trust Company, a purely American
foundation, and one or two others, all in a
nascent state; nor, so far as I am aware, have
corporations, anywhere outside the United
States and some portions of Canada, yet under-
taken to do, in a conjoint and aggregate form,
any substantial portion of the work which is
customarily and regularly performed by the
trust companies in our midst."
The growth of the business of trust compa-
nies during the last few years has partaken of the
prosperity which has come to many other Amer-
ican enterprises. This is plain from the statis-
tics of their numbers, deposits, and resources,
as reported to the Comptroller of the Currency,
and set forth below for representative years :
TRUST COMPANIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Year. Number. Capital. Individual
deposits.
1891.................. 171 $79,292,889 $355,330,080
1897.................. 251 106,968,253 566,922,205
1901.................. 334 137,361,704 1,271,081,174
1902................... 417 179,732,581 1,525,887493
Here is a multiplication within ten years of
the individual deposits of trust companies by
more than four times, or an increase of more
than 300 per cent. Even within the brief period
of five years the increase has been more than
150 per cent. The total resources of the New
York trust companies were $300,765,575 on
January 1, 1892. They rose slowly during the
next five years to $396,742,947 at the beginning
of 1897, and then went up by bounds to $579,-
205,442 on January 1, 1899, and to $797,983,512
on January 1, 1901. The figures for the be-
ginning of 1902 showed another advance of
nearly .-2iil.m iiI )00, making the total resources
$969,403,911, and those for the first half of 1902
indicate a like progress. The total deposits of
the trust companies of the State of New York
on June 30, 1902, were K.-. ,001,687, and the
total resources were A1.078,212,685. How this
progress compares in New York City with that
of the ('I. i,, ,. House banks may be seen from
the following figures of individual deposits:
DEPOSITS IN NEW YORK CITY BANKS.
June 26, 1897. June 30,1902.
Clearing House banks........ i".;, i :'.,, .'. M,,
Trust com panies.............. 1 ,.:, ;, '; ..,
Tl'h.-- 1,.111 show that while the deposits of
the Clearing House banks of New York City
have increased about 40 per cent. in five years,
those of the trust companies have increased
about 150 per cent. Percentages in such cases
are sometimes deceptive. The trust companies
first began to obtain importance about a decade
ago, and it is not surprising that they have
gained ground rapidly during the recent period
of industrial activity. The real measure of their
progress is afforded by the fact that while the
Clearing House banks of Nr.- York, with their
long-established reputations and great resources,
have in !I years increased their deposits about
-.:I,,;.,00,000, the trust companies of the city
have increased theirs by the still larger sum of
, .i ,,il iII Throughout the United States
the business of the trust companies, although
their form of organization is limited to a small
number of States, has shown a striking growth.
The deposits of all national banks and trust com-
panies appear in the following table :
INDIVIDUAL DEPOSITS IN BANKS OF THE UNITED
STATES.
June 30, 1897. June 30, 1901.
National banks............... $1,770,480,563 $2,941,837,428
State banks................... 723,640,79 1,610,502,246
Loan and trust companies... 566,922,205 1,271,081,174
TRUST COMPANIES A3 TRUSTEES.
In view of this remarkable exhibit of the
growth in the business and resources of trust
companies, it becomes interesting to inquire
what are these institutions, and what is the na-
ture of the work which they are doing. Such
an inquiry naturally centers around the answers
to such questions as these :
What are the special functions of trust com-
panies ?
Wherein do these functions differ from those
of commercial banks ?
Are trust companies competing unduly with
other banks ?
Should any new restrictions be imposed upon
the organization and management of trust com-
panies ?
In answer to the first question, it may be said
generally that the functions of trust companies
are to execute trusts for individuals, living and
dead, and for estates and corporations.
When a rich man dies in the United States
he is enabled to commit to a trust company the
often complex duties of administering his estate,
instead of appealing to the favor of relatives or
friends. The company holds a copy of the will,
sells and buys I...,. [l,' under orders of the
courts, collects regularly rents for real estate and
dividends on securities, and pays such dividends
over, according to the terms of the will, to the
legal heirs. In most of the States of the Ameri-
can Union much freedom prevails in devising
property by will. A husband who distrusts the
capacity of his wife or children to administer
their property with prudence after his death
may put the property in the hands of a trust
company, and direct that the income only shall
be paid to his heirs. Widows are thus guarded
against the anxiety and loss which they might
suffer if they undertook to administer the prop-
erty for themselves ;-improvident sons are pre-
vented from squandering the principal of their
estates ; and charitable bequests and other pub-
lic benefactions are carried out in a regular and
lawful manner. These functions are the same
as those which were formerly performed in this
country, and are still performed abroad, by at-
torneys, personal friends of the deceased, and
other executors and administrators; but their
performance by a trust company according to
prescribed methods insures greater regularity
of procedure, and in many cases greater safety,
economy in management, and more strict com-
pliance with law.
One of the primary advantages of committing
the charge of estates in this manner to a trust
company is that its life is continuous, and its re-
sponsibility is that of a corporate body of large
resources, instead of the personal liability of an
individual. It is a peculiar advantage of em-
ploying a trust company in the management of
estates that such companies are organized espe-
cially for carrying on this class of business. It
is their primary concern, and is not subordinate
to other interests, as is sometimes the case with
individuals having other occupations, however
high their standing and strict their probity.
The trust company necessarily has offices devoted
exclusively to its business, with proper vaults
for keeping securities and prescribed methods
for carrying on each branch of its duties. It
has separate accounts for each trust, it has books
showing when the interest should be collected
on the securities held, and it takes prompt and
constant notice, through its observations of the
stock market, of influences affecting trust funds
adversely, which may suggest a change in the
character of investments.
CAREFUL MANAGEMENT ASSURED.
The uniformity of methods imposed by law
and by financial custom upon the trust compa-
nies leads them to exercise their functions with
extreme care. A trust company is not likely to
assume responsibilities of a doubtful character
without the order of a court, careful deliberation
by its own officers, or the opinion of counsel.
Some of the ablest financiers and attorneys of
the United States act as advisers for the trust
companies of New York and other large cities.
Two Secretaries of the Treasury have become
heads of New York trust companies on leaving
office,-Mr. Charles S. Fairchild of the New
York Security and Trust Company, and Mr. Ly-
man J. Gage of the United States Trust Com-
pany, whose offices face each other on opposite
sides of Wall Street. Secretary Root was the
counsel for the )!...jr. .i Trust Company of New
York before he became head of the War De-
partment, and former Vice-President .I i.,ii is
its president. No step is taken involving an
important question of law without the advice of
men of this character as executive officers and
counsel. Their ability and researches are brought
to bear upon a doubtful question affecting a
small estate in the same manner as in the case
of a large estate, because of the importance to
the company of deciding correctly the principle
involved.
The solvency and sound management of the
trust company, especially in such important com-
mercial States as New York and M .-j,. hi.-.. -t
are insured by the rigid system of inspection
provided by the laws of the .-'l.. All the
books, papers, memoranda, and cash reserves of
a trust company in the State of New York are
open to the examination of State officials, ap-
pointed for the purpose, at any moment and
without notice.
BANKING FUNCTIONS.
The explanation already made regarding the
functions of trust companies in relation to
individuals and estates answers to a consider-
able extent the second question, Wherein do
trust companies differ from commercial banks ?
The advantages derived by an individual or an
estate from .. i.., i.1_ a trust company to execute
important trusts naturally commend themselves
to a corporation having similar trusts to be ex-
ecuted. The work of reorganizing old cor-
porations and organizing new ones, taking
up old securities and issuing new, which has
been made necessary by the new 'enterprises,
the consolidations, and the "mergers" of the
last few years, has fallen in a large measure to
the trust companies of New York and one or
two other large cities. While individuals con-
nected with these companies have, in some cases,
been active in initiating these projects, the com-
panies in their corporate capacity have performed
merely ministerial and strictly legal duties in
executing the trusts committed to them. The
stronger trust companies of New York have
been very chary of committing themselves offi-
cially to new flotations. Some of the more con-
servative make it a point not to float shares,
however good, but limit themselves to bonds,
which have priority of lien upon the property
upon which they are secured.
The national banks act to some extent as the
agents of corporations in the mere transfer of
the ownership of securities and the payment of
dividends. In the case of the formation of a
new corporation, however, or an important
change in the character of the securities issued
by an old one, a trust company is usually chosen
as the agent of the transaction. This is because
the trust companies are organized for this
work, have officers and attorneys familiar with
the legal points involved, and are therefore en-
abled to render the service with economy, pre-
cision, and the certainty of conforming strictly
to law. The New York law regarding the in-
corporation of trust companies confers these
specific powers, among others, upon such com-
panies :
1 1. To act as the fiscal or transfer agent of any State,
i municipality, body politic, or corporation, and in such
capacity to receive and disburse money, and transfer,
register, and countersign certificates of stock, bonds, or
other evidences of indebtedness.
2. To receive deposits of trust moneys, securities, and
other personal property from any person or corpora-
tion, and to loan money on real or personal securities.
4. To act as trustee under any mortgage or bond is-
sued by any municipality, body politic, or corporation,
and accept and execute any other municipal or corpo-
rate trust not inconsistent with the laws of this State.
7. To take, accept, and execute any and all such
legal trusts, duties, and powers in regard to the holding,
management, and disposition of any estate, real or per-
sonal, and the rents and profits thereof, or the sale
thereof, as may be granted or confided to it by any court
of record, or by any person, corporation, municipality,
or other authority; and it shall be accountable to all
parties in interest for the faithful discharge of every
such trust, duty, or power which it may so accept.
If the N.'., rl'-r Securities Company, for in-
stance, should desire to issue new securities in
exchange for those of the Northern Pacific Rail-
way, a trust company would be the agent natu-
rally chosen as the intermediary in the transac-
tion. It would receive the old bonds from their
holders, issue receipts for the bonds, and later
issue the new bonds to those who brought back
their receipts. If money were to be paid on
either side, it would be distributed by the trust
company. The company, acting under the best
legal advice, without prejudice toward either
party, complying strictly with the terms of the
agreement as interpreted by the most competent
legal talent, thus acts as a guardian for the in-
terests of the public on the one hand and the
corporation on the other. The peculiar province
of the national banks is the lending of their de-
posits upon commercial paper and the issue of
circulating notes. It was chiefly for the latter
purpose that they were originally sanctioned by
law, much as this function has been atrophied
by a clumsy system of security for note issues.
How different are the functions of the national
banks from those of the trust companies may be
inferred from comparing the provisions of the
New York law, already given, with the pro-
visions of the national banking law, that a
national bank may exercise-
All such incidental powers as shall be necessary to
carry on the business of banking; by discounting and
negotiating promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange,
and other evidences of debt; by receiving deposits; by
buying and selling exchange, coin, and bullion; by
loaning money on personal security; and by obtaining,
issuing, and circulating notes, etc.
ACCEPTANCE OF DEPOSITS.
The powers and activities of the two classes
of corporations,-trust companies and national
banks,-trench upon each other in some direc-
tions, but it is obvious that each has separate
fields, which are not likely to be entered by the
other. The field in which the competition of
the trust companies with national banks has at-
tracted the most attention is probably the accept-
ance oi deposits and the use of these deposits in
the loan market. The acceptance of deposits
by trust companies was at first limited largely
to deposits which were not. likely to be the sub-
ject of frequent transactions. In many cases it
was specified that the deposit should be left in
the hands of the company for a fixed time, and
deposit receipts were given instead of ordinary
pass books.
When money was left in the custody of the
company under these conditions, such large pro-
vision was not required for reserves, as in the
case of money subject constantly to be with-
drawn by checks. The opportunity for its con-
tinued use by the trust company permitted,
moreover, the payment of a fair rate of interest.
Hence, trust companies generally paid interest
to individual depositors ranging from 1 to 3 per
cent., according to the nature of the deposit.
This policy attracted large deposits, especially
from trustees holding funds in anticipation of
some fixed event and corporations desiring to
keep certain cash reserves in addition to their
current working accounts. Gradually large
corporations, discovering the advantages of keep-
ing interest-bearing deposits with trust com-
panies, increased the amount of such deposits
and secured the acceptance of active accounts at
a less rate of interest than that paid on the more
permanent deposits. The trust companies have
been thus placed in possession of great resources,
which increase their ability to handle conver-
sion projects for railway and industrial corpora-
tions, and afford them a considerable fund which
they are able to utilize in short-term loans.
NATURE OF LOANS.
Most- of these loans are made on call,-that is,
subject to repayment whenever notice is given
to the borrower. According to the etiquette of
New York trust companies, a mere telephone
message to a borrower is sufficient to secure the
repayment of a loan ; but it is. a matter of bank-
ing courtesy that such messages shall go out
about noon in order to give the borrower an
interval before the close of banking hours to
transfer his loan to another bank or company
or find the money to pay it off. The greatest
conservatism is shown by fhe best New York
companies in making these stock loans. They
allow a margin of about 20 per cent. between
the market value of the securities and the
amount loaned. They are far from accept-
ing as collateral for loans all the classes of
securities which are on the. market. In most
cases, moreover, a variety of securities is re-
quired to protect each loan, so that a shrinkage
on one would be covered by the solidity of the
remaining securities. It has been declared by
officers of leading New York trust companies
that not a dollar has been lost by them upon
these secured stock loans.
The trust companies differ from the national
banks in the character of the loans made. They
trench little upon the field of the national banks
in discounting the paper of merchants based
upon mercantile transactions. This is a very
important field of banking, has a close relation
to the volume of currency required by trade,
and is the field which the national banks, when
they were first authorized, were expected to oc-
cupy. The larger portion of national banking
business is -1,! of this sort, and it has grown
greatly within the past five years. There has
undoubtedly been a feeling here and there, how-
ever, that the national banks, since the rise of
the trust companies, were relatively losing de-
posits and losing their share in the large oper-
ations which some of the trust companies have
found so profitable. It may be said on this head
that as much depends upon the personality of
the banker as upon the form of banking organi-
zation. If a few captains of finance in, N, - York
have shown peculiar capacity for drawing to
certain trust companies a large volume of busi-
ness, it is highly probable that the same men
would have accomplished similar results through
a State bank, a national bank, or a private cor-
poration if the trust-company organization had
not been directly open to them by law. It is no
secret among intelligent bankers that the trust
companies which have made the largest profits
have not derived those profits from the mere
routine of banking. .Trust-company profits have
been derived chiefly from the skill of their offi-
cers in financing important combinations and
aiding in the creation of new enterprises.
A trust company is better fitted by law and
by the nature of its organization for work of this
character than a national bank. A national bank
has imposed upon it the function of safeguard-
ing the currency. It is forbidden to intrust
more than one-tenth of its capital to any single
person, firm, or corporation. Its resources must
be kept in such condition that they can be turned
into money on the shortest possible notice. The
same is true of such trust companies as pay their
deposits on demand, but the trust companies
hold many large deposits nominally subject to
payment on demand, but which they know are
not likely to be called for. If a few drafts are
made upon such deposits, they have ample re-
sources for meeting them in their cash deposits
with the national banks.
THE QUESTION OF CASH RESERVES.
The subject of bending the trust -companies to
the same rules as those which govern the New
York Clearing House banks has been more or
less discussed since the growth of the trust com-
panies has made them an important factor in the
banking resources of New York. One of the
propositions which has been most seriously dis-
cussed has been that the trust companies should
be required to keep something like the same cash
reserves as the national banks. The national
banks of New York are required by law to keep
in currency an amount equal to 25 per cent. of
their deposits, and the State banks which are
members of the Clearing House are compelled to
conform to the same rule. The state of this
cash reserve,-whether there is a large surplus
reserve, or whether it is near the legal minimum,
-is one of the barometers of New York money
market conditions which always receives the
most attentive study at home and abroad. The
trust companies have heretofore kept such re-
serves as, in the opinion of their officers, were
required to meet demands upon them ; but they
have in most instances kept the bulk of these re-
serves on deposit in national banks. A check
upon a national bank deposit is usually more
acceptable to one of their clients in a large trans-
action than would be a roll of bills or a keg of
gold. For smaller demands from their clients
for pocket money the trust companies keep such
cash on hand as they find necessary, but they
have fewer active accounts of this sort than the
national banks, and few large demands are made
upon them for actual (. u I'.n ..
The national banks of the cities enjoy an im-
portant privilege which is not granted to the
trust companies. Outside of New York, the
national banks are permitted to deposit one-half
or more of their reserve in the national banks
of New York, and to count such deposits as
cash on hand. An enormous volume of such
deposits is carried by the national banks, and
they have greatly increased within ten years, as
may be seen by the following table :
OBLIGATIONS OF NATIONAL BANKS TO OTHER
BANKS.
To national To State and private
Date. banks, banks and trust
companies.
July 12, 1892.......... .; i -' .. '.
July 23, 1897 .......... m !;.,,.i .', .t.,-Mil
July 15, 1901.......... '.' -: 526,151,801
July 16, 1902.......... 626,954587 582,102,814
It is obvious from these figures that the na-
tional banks have profited greatly within the
past five years in their command over the re-
sources of their fellows in the national banking
system, and that they have had voluntarily in-
trusted to them a large share of the cash of the
State banks and trust companies. It is natu-
rally contended on behalf of the trust companies
that they should not be burdened with any such
reserve requirements as are imposed upon the
national banks, unless they are granted the
privilege of receiving the deposits of the na-
tional banks of the country, and the latter are
permitted to count such deposits as a part of
their lawful reserves. The officers of the
strongest trust companies would probably be
glad to comply with the requirement that they
should keep a reasonable reserve in proportion
to their deposits. Such a requirement would be
rigidly complied with, and if it imposed burdens
upon the weaker companies which wiped out
their slender profits, it would not be a source of
regret to the stronger companies to see establish-
ments driven from the field which may not be
hardy enough to weather the financial storms
which the future undoubtedly has in store.
A reserve of 15 per cent. of deposits would
be more than sufficient to meet all possible de-
mands upon the trust companies, and at least
half of this reserve, if not two-thirds, might
properly be kept on deposit in national banks.
Fifteen per cent. of $1,271,081,174,-the de-
posits of the trust companies of the United States
in 1901,-would be about '1 "'i,000,000. The
trust companies actually had due to them from
other banks $191,527,201,-an amount almost
exactly sufficient to meet a 15 per cent. reserve
requirement. They had also cash to the amount
of $24,810,203,-only about 2 per cent. of their
deposit obligations. The requirement that they
should keep 15 per cent. in currency locked up
in their own vaults would mean that they should
withdraw nearly $167,000,000 from other banks,
and practically withdraw that much money from
the use of the market. Several of the strongest
trust companies in New York already meet the
requirement that they shall keep a reserve equal
to 15 per cent. of their deposits, but keep most
of it in other banks. Thus, on June 30, 1902,
the Morton Trust Company, with deposits of
$51,517,694, had a reserve of $11,659,890 ; the
Mercantile Trust Company, with deposits of $55,-
236,450, had a reserve of $12,586,132 ; and the
New York Security and Trust Company, with de-
posits of z. ',.407,985, had a reserve of $5,548,632.
The second of the requirements referred to,-
13
that a trust company should keep one-third or
one-half of its reserve in its own vaults,-could
not be enforced, except after long previous
notice, without serious effects upon the money
market. With total deposits in New York City
of about 7-..ii,000,000, a reserve of 15 per cent.
would be about $112,500,000, half of which
would be about '...'' .001110. The total reserves
of the trust companies in the city of New York
on June 30, 1902, were $114,383,820,1 but of this
amount only -...: 1 0 was in currency in their
hands. In order to comply with such a require-
ment as has been suggested above, it would be nec-
essary to withdraw nearly $50, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 in currency
from actual use and lock it up in gold, silver, and
greenbacks in the vaults of the trust companies.
Fears have sometimes been expressed that
the keeping of trust-company reserves on de-
posit in national banks, instead of in actual cur-
rency in their own vaults, tended, along with
other recent developments, to rear a structure
of credit too lofty for the slender foundation of
currency at its base. Comparison with the
British system, however, is distinctly favorable
to the solidity of conditions in New York. The
reserves of the New York Clearing House banks
for the week ending October 11, 1902, were
$219,612,500. This reserve is distributed among
fifty-nine it-... ut institutions, and the propor-
tion of reserve is, on the whole, much larger
than that held under the monetary system of
Great Britain. In London the reserve in actual
cash is held entirely by the Bank of England.
Other banks content themselves with keeping in
their own custody only such little cash as may
be required for daily retail needs, known as
" till money." The joint-stock banks keep de-
posits with the Bank of England, and the private
and country banks keep deposits with the joint-
stock banks. The system thus depends abso-
lutely upon the solidity of a single institution,
-the Bank of England. The British system
has the advantage of economy in the use of
money, but the American system is more exact-
ing in its safeguards. As the London Statist
remarked last spring, Were the New York
banks permitted to work with as small a margin
of actual cash against liabilities as we do in this
country, they would be able to greatly increase
their loans and their deposits."
How far the demand for arbitrarily fixed re-
serves is a matter of sentiment has been shown
by the effect of the recent action of Secretary
Shaw in seeking to relieve the pressure on the
money market. By a stroke of his pen he de-
cided that he would permit national banks to
hold deposits of government funds, without keep-
ing against such deposits the reserves of 15 per
cent. or 25 per cent. required against other
classes of deposits. By this measure, it was an-
nounced, the loaning power of the banks would
be increased by about $130,000,000. It is ob-
vious that, from the standpoint of sound bank-
ing, the banks were no stronger after this an-
nouncement than before. If they needed a 25
per cent. reserve against gross deposits, the Sec-
retary was wrong in suspending the require-
ment; if they did not need it, the public was
wrong in feeling alarm when reserves against
gross deposits, before the Secretary's action, fell
below 25 per cent. The true banking rule is
that a banking institution shall pay legal-tender
money upon its deposit and note obligations
whenever such money is demanded, whether its
reserve be 1 per cent. or 100 per cent. The
bank answers with its life for its ability to do
this, and the necessity that it shall live exerts a
more constant and potent pressure upon its offi-
cers than the requirement that unused money
shall be piled up in reserve funds. In the na-
tional banking system, with its hundreds of
banks with small capital scattered over forty-
five States, legal regulation of reserves is a mat-
ter of prudence and public convenience. In
some of the States such regulation may be justi-
fied upon the same grounds, but it is necessary
in inverse ratio to the degree of financial prog-
ress of the ...niini\- y and the importance of
the stake of its financial leaders in the soundness
and solvency of their enterprises.
If a specific reserve requirement is necessary
for the prudent conduct of trust companies or
the safety of the market, it should be imposed.
It is obvious, however, that it could not be com-
plied with suddenly without causing a convul-
sion in the 1,i.., market. It could not be done
under any circumstances except at considerable
cost, which would not fall upon the trust com-
panies, but upon the public. The community
would be deprived of the use of $50,000,000 of
its working capital or be compelled to import
that amount to make good the amount with-
drawn from active use. It would amount prac-
tically to setting aside and locking up that much
gold, to lie idle or to be used only in great emer-
gencies, like those for which the war treasure of
$30,000,000 is so sacredly guarded by the Ger-
man Emperor in the fortress of Spandau.
If the privileges enjoyed by either the national
banks or the trust companies involve danger or
disadvantage to the community, or if they
threaten to drive one class of institutions out of
existence, they should be restricted. The na-
tional banks and the trust companies, however,
while they trench to some extent on each other's
fields, each have functions to perform which
differ from those of the other. It would be ex-
tremely harmful to chain either class of institu-
tions upon a Procrustean bed of regulations or
burdens, suited perhaps to one and not suited
to the other. The national banking law could
probably be amended to advantage in a direction
which would give greater scope to the national
banks in doing business; but it would be a step in
the wrong direction to extend the restrictions im-
posed upon them, if they have been found burden-
some, to a class of institutions which has con-
tributed so much as the trust companies to the
industrial triumphs of America in recent years.
f
I. B. HilEon, ;Ldte Prlnter,
Tallhabess Fla.
MEM ONO
4
I
U,
,,'-. w
VETO MESSAGES
Govcrndr '1(. 3enninge
Disapproving Certain Bills
Enacted, by.the
Legislature of Florida
At Its Regular Sesioon, 1903, Under the
Constitution" A,. D. 1885.
VETO MESSAGES
Governor ~I .3cnuinigs
Disapprving Certain Bills
Ena:ted by the
Legislature
of Florida
At Its Regular Session, 1903, Under the
Constitution, A. D. 1885.
--
\ :, x
1. E. Hilsoe, State Printer,
Tallahai,ee, Fla.
VETO MY oSSAGES.
State of Florida,
Executive )Depairh:ient,
Tallahassee, May 2, 1903
HON. *I:;.\1 K ADAMIS,
President of the Senate.
Tallahassee, Florida.
S[R-In accordance with Section 28, Article 3, of the
Constitution. I transmit herewith Joivt Resolution No.
38, passed by the Senate, and House of Representatives
of the State of Florida, "making application io Co:i-
gresps under the provisions of Article- of the Coinstfiiu-
tion of the United States, for the calling of a convention
to propose an amendment to the Constitution of the
United States, making United States Senators elective
in the several States by direct vote of the I"' i -," etc.,
without my approval.
This resolution was transmitted to me in the regular
course of bills passed by the Legislature.
Upon examination of Article 5 of the Constitution of
the United States it appears that:
"The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses
'shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to
this Constitution, or, on application of the Legislatures
of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a conven-
tion for pl,.ing maendments, which, in neither case,
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this
Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-
fourth of the several States, or by convention in three-
fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifica-
tion may be proposed by Congress."
Thus, it appears that, in this resolution constitutes on
the part of Florida her sovereign and Constitutional ap-
plication to Congress, as provided for in Article 5, of
the Constitution of the United States of America, to call
a convention for proposir;g amendments to the Constitu-
tion of the United States.
It is true that the language of the Joint Resolution
before me specifies the purpose for which an amendment
is sought, viz.: "To propose an amendment to the Con-
stitution of the United States, making United States
Senators elective in the several States by direct vote of
the people"; but I do not understand that the Legisla-
ture can limit the powers and duties of the Constitutional
Convention, called under-the provisions of Aiticle 5, to
any particular amendment.or purpose. I understand
that the provisions of Article 5 provides:
First: That "The Congress, whenever two-thirds of
both Houses shall deem it, necessary, shall propose
amendments to this Constitution."
This would limit the power of Congress to proposing
a specific amendment,, or amendments, and does no.t au-
thorize Congress to call a Constitutional Convention.
Second:.It provides that: "On the applhation of the
L-islililur- of two-thirds of the several States, (Con-
gress) shall call a convention for the proposing ammnd-
ments."
This resolution before me is in compliaince with the
second provision mentioned; and, it is my opinion that,
if a convention is to be called, under the provisions of
Article 5, it would be a general convention and would
revise the Constitutionof the United States, or any part
thereof, and make any amendments thereto, that should
be deemed ai'\i.ilile- by the delegates participating in
such a convention.
I do not understand that there exists a necessity for
a Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution
of the United States. Should an amendment be desired
for the purpose set forth in the resolution before me, it
is my opinion that this amendment should be sought
through the first provision of Article 5 as a single amend-
ment for a special purpose, without the assembling of a
Constitutional Convention.
I am deeply impressed, after the investigation and
study I have given to this subject during the limited
time that is allotted to me by the Constitution for the
consideration of these matters (and the many other of-
ficial duties required of me), with the idea that it is not
for the best interest of the people of Florida-nor for
Florida as a sovereignty-that she should take part in
or become a party to, an application to Congress to call
the convention as set forth in the resolution.
Chapter 5014, Laws of Florida, provides for the hold-
ing of-primary elections in Florida for nominating can-
didates for any office under the laws of this State, and
to take the sense of the members of said party as to their
choice for United States Senator. To my mind, this
meets the demands of the people of Florida for the oppor-
tunity to participate directly in the selection of a per-
son to represent them as United States Senator.
The power of an election of a United States Senator by
members of the Legislature maintains the autonomy of
States, and, it seems to me, in the light of our recene ex-
perience with the primary nomination, and the election
of the United States Senator in, obedience thereto by your
honorable body, that this is the beAst solution of what
has appeared to the public mind as a difficult problem.
I do not deem it necessary that I should express my
views on this subject at any great length. Many rea-
sons appear to my mind that are ample to cause me to
withhold my approval of the resolution before me; but
those stated are I trust, sufficient to invite your atten-
tion to what appears to me to be a very grave step that
may lead to modifications of the Constitution not sought;
to the reduction of our representation in Congress, and
tend to destroy the peace and tranquility of our citi-
zenship, now so highly enjoyed.
Therefore, I deem it my imperative duty to return the
resolution without my approval.
I have the honor to' remain, with great respect,
Very Truly Yours,
W. S. JENNT'GS.
Governor.
State of Florida,
Executive Chamber,
Tallahassee, June 13, 1903.
Statement of Items of Appropriation Objected to and
not Approved, Contained in Senate Bill Entitled "An
Act Making Appropriations for the Expenses of the
State Government for Six Months of the Year 1903,
and for the Year 1904, and for Six Months of the
Year 1905," Amounting to $2 -1.7400.0
TION. I. C. (,CRAWFORD,
Secrcla'ry of .S
SKII---Tn a(coridance with Section 28, Article 3, and
Pec.ic'n 18. Arlicol 4, of the Constitution, I ti'ansmit
herewilih a bill to be entitled:
"An ACT .iI .;, Appropriations for the Expenses of
1he Gtat I;overnent for Six M.-ii, of the Year 1903.
and for thle Year 1'!-', and for Six Months of the Year
The Reverfol items hereinafter enumerated, contained
in a bill entitled "An Act makig appropriations for the
expensesl of the 4tate ,ini,- .n-lit for six months of the
year 1." ":. and for the year 1904, and for six months of
1he year 1905," are 1 ;. i t,-. to and not approved for the
reasons hereinafter stated, to wit:
Section 1. "For printing Supreme Court Reports. one
thousand dollars ..,. ........ . ......$1,000.00
This item is ,i1.j,- tf to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 1. "For rewards for, and expenses of, fugatives
from justice, one lthusand dollars .... .... $1,000.00.
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 1. For printing delinquent tax list, under Sec-
tion 50, chapter r 4322, of the Laws of Florida, ten
thousand dollars .. .. ........ .$10,000.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 1. For interest on State bonds, ten thousand
dollars .......... .. .. .. .. . .. .. $10,000.00.
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
S-,, l i.ln 3. For interest on State bonds, ten thousand
dollars .................. .. . .$10,000.00.
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 3. For printing delinquent tax lis-, under Sec-
tion 50, Chapter 4322, of the Laws of Florida, ten
thousand dollars .. .. .... ......... $10,000.00.
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 3. For jurors and witnesses before grand jury,
thi rt-five thousand dollars . ..... .*::,.1li"'" '.
This item is lc i .:.i to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is considered an unnecessary appropriation.
Section 30, of Article 3, of the State Constitution,
reads as follows::
"Laws making appropriations for the salaries of the
public officers, and other current expenses of the State,
shall contain provisions on no other subject."
This constitutional provision has been construed by an
advisory opinion of the Justices of the Supreme Court
(14 Fi .;.,'*, Page 4.')- the opinion having been writ-
ten by James D. Westcott, Jr., for the Court-in which
this Inii'ii:..v is used:
"The effect of the clause of the Constitution which you
mention is to render everything in a law which may be
called strictly a-law making appropriations unconstitu-
tional which proposes to do anything other than make
appropriations. The third section of the general appro-
priation bill, which you call to our attention, does not
make an appropriation, and for this reason, it is, in our
opinion, unconstitutional, and therefore void.
"Very Respectfully,
"JAMES D. WESTCOTT, JR.,
-"For the Court."
This constitutional provision seems to be emphasized
again by the Justices of the Court in the matter of
Executive Communication, as appears on Pages 285, et
seq., 14 Fla.
As has been stated, the title of this bill reads: "An
Act Making Appropriations for the Expenses of the State
Government for Six Months of the Year 1903, and for the
year 1904, and for Six Months of the Year 1905."
Thus it will appear that the appropriations are limited
by the constitutional provisions to:
(1). Salaries of public officers.
(2). To other "current expenses" of the State.
This is the broadest construction, as it appears to my
mind, that can be given to the provisions of the Constitu-
tion; and the title of the bill-which must be considered
as a jguide-is even more limited, as it has a single pur-
pose expressed in the title: "Making Appropriations for
the Expenses of the State Governinent." This being
true-and passing the questions that might be raised
under a strict construction of the Constitution and law
on this point-I believe that the broadest possible con-
struction that can be placed on this provision would be
to provide appropriations for "current expenses" of the
State. Current expenses of the State must, in my opinion,
be limited to the ordinary expenses of the State and
does not contemplate or authorize the expenditure of such
appropriations for the purchase of sites school houses
or permanent buildings.
"Current Expenses-or the Ordinary Expenses .of the
State Government."
"Current expenses" (are defined asg ordinary expenses
-As used in agreement that all moneys that came into
the hands of the trustees should be applied to a certain
purpose, after first paying therefrom all taxes and
current expenses of the trust, it has been held that the
term current expenses meant ordinary expenses, and did
not include the construction of fire-proof buildings and
unusual expenditures for protecting the property. (Tay-
lor v. Davis, 100 U. S., 330.)"
"Current Expenses of a County."
"This phrase will not include the erection of buildings.
(State vs. Marion County, 21 Kan., 434.)"
"A statute created a fund to be exclusively applied to
the current expenses of the common schools. It was held
that the building of new school houseeA and the purchase
of school house sites did not come within currenr ex-
penses." The Court said: "Both the terms 'support'
and 'current expenses,' when applied to the common
schools of this State, mean continuing regular expendi-
tures for maintenance of the schools. Building a new
cshool house and purchasing a site, while at times nec-
essary and proper, are unusual and extraordinary expen-
ditures; and the LI-'_il.itue, in concurrence with the Con-
stitution, has evidently had this in mind (Sheldon v.
Purdy, 17 Wash., 135.)"
The laws on this subject seem to be well seilled, and I
know of no conflicting decision of any court on the sub-
ject. Having been advised that this is the law governing"
the bill tinder consideration, the conclusion is irresistible
that all terms contained therein other than for salaries
of the public officers and other current expenses of the
State are unconstitutional, it is, therefore my duty to-
withhold my approval from such items as are in my opin-
ion unconstitutional.
The Constitution makes it the duty of the Legislature
to provide for the support of institutions for the insane,
blind and deaf, a State prison, a house of refuge for juve-
nile offenders and the two normal schools. The accept-
ance of donations from the United States government for
the support of two seminaries of learning, one east and
the other west of the Suwannee river, and also an Agri
cultural college, makes it proper that suitable State aid
should be extended to these schools. The Constitution,
also requires the Legislature to provide for a inform
system of public free schools and to provide for the lib-
eral maintenance of the same. In addition to these rec-
ognized institutions, the State has more recently pur-
chased the South Florida Military and Educational In-
stitute, and made one appropriation for scholarships to,
the St. Petersburg Normal and Industrial School.
Granting, for the present, that all the institutions
are entitled to their current expenses under this consti-
tutional provision, and as provided for in the bill now
under consideration, I am advised-and it is clearly
the law on the subject-that even these expenidtures must
be limited to "current expenses" proper.
It will be observed, from the bill under consideration,
that there is a provision that attempts to provide that
the moneys appropriated are "to be used by the trustees:
for the best interest of said institution." This, in my
opinion, does not change the question of the constitt-
tutionality of the items in the bill, a< the trustees men-
tioned would be as much bound by the provisions of the
Constitution, if they were granted the power to use the
money appropriated, as would any other agency named
in the bill.
I have been iin:..1 by many citizens, of the localities
wherein the several institutions are located, to approve
the bill in toto; have heard arguments, received letters,
telegrams, etc., from many influential citizens relative
thereto,-and great 6;- i.;-.iitier r has been manifested
from the fear that the institutions will not be as liberal-
ly fostered as the amounts in the bill before me indicate,
for which I am in no wise responsible. It is my duty to
take care that the laws are faithfully executed, and to up-
hold the Constitution. I am also nii.,,:d to permit the bill
to become ,-1,. I-;1. (if I cannot approve it) without my
signature, thus relieving me of the responsibility of the
bill. This, indeed, would be a pleasing thing to do. But,
tie question naturally arises, why should I shirk a duty
that might fall upon others to perform, and lead to great-
er burdens for the tax-payers to bear, and complications
of the interests involved by such failure on my part?
The veto power vested in the Executive is. recognized as a
duty and not a privilege.
I understand that it is general conceded that the ap-
propriallons mentioned cannot be used for other than
* ,., r ,, ,it expenses." Then what reason could be given to
the tax-payers for exacting a large sum of money from
them that could not be legally used?
Having arrived at the firm conclusion that it is my
duty to eliminate from this bill,, under and by virtue of
the Constitution in such cases made and provided' all
items therein contained other than appropriations for the
salaries of the public officers and other "current expen-
ses" of the State I shall proceed to discharge that duty by
withholding my approval from certain items, endeavoring
to leave intact a sufficient amount of money for each insti-
tution to defray the ordinary or current expenses of each
institution in a liberal manner; and, should I fail, on ac-
count of hte amounts being expressed in the bill in the to-
tal items, to reduce said items to the actual current expen-
ses of each institution, it is my opinion that those entrust-
ed with the expenditure of said amounts are only author-
ized to expend such moneys for current expenses, and I
deem it proper that I should make this explanation.
.-. ~ ~ .. .. -..,: : .. .. -- '- .". ~`: c---.:- .. "
STATE NORMAL COLLEGE.
(Located at DeFuniak Springs.)
Section 1. For lands, five hundred dollars...... ...t'.'il0
This item is objected to and not approved for the reason
that it is not current expenses, and is, therefore, in my
opinion, unconstitutional.
Section 1. For shortage, insurance and.sewerage, six hun-
dred dollars .....................'........... .. 09V,. ,)-6
Section 1. For salaries of teachers and expenses, five
thousand do lars. .......................... .7;. 1 r?. IA '
Section 1. For scholarships, two thousand two hundred
and fifty dollars............ ................ .: .. ..r
Section 1. For repairs and improvements, twQ thousand
two hundred and seventy-five dollars........ '-.*27..0
These items are objected to and not approved for the
reason that it iD not considered that these appropriations
are necessary, there being other sufficient appropriations
in the Act for these purposes.
Section 3. For lands, five hundred dollars ...... .500.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it is not considered as an appropriation for cur-
rent expenses of said institution.
Section 3. For expenses and salaries of teachers, five
thousand dollars.......................... .O I i"I'1
For scholarships, two thousand, two hundred
and fifty dollars........................... $2,250.00
These items are objected to and not approved for the
reason that it is considered that these appropriations are
unnecessary-there being other sufficient appropriations
in the Act for these purposes. There remains in the Act
an appropriation of $32,,500.00, which is a greater sum
than has heretofore been required for current expenses
of said institution for the same period of time.
Former appropriations for this institutions were as fol-
lows:
For the year 1893...........................$ 7,000.00
For the year 1895........................... 9,000.00
For the year 1897........................ 12,000.00
For the year 1899........................... 14,000.00
For the year 1901................................. 18,910.00
EAST FLORIDA SEMINARY.
(East of Suwanne River.)
Section 2. For the seminary east of the Suwannee river,
forty thousand dollars.................... 40,000.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an.appropriation for
current expenses, and is, therefore, in my opinion, uncon-
stitutional.
Former appropriations made for the East Florida
Seminary were as follows:
For the year 1903 ..........................$ 4,000.00
For the year 1895...................... ..... 4,000.00
For the year 1897........................... 5,000.00
For the year 1899 ........................... 7,000.00
rFo the year 1901......................... 25,000.00
FLORIDA STAT COLLEGE.
(Located at Tallahassee.)
Section 2. For the Seminary west of the Suwannee
River, now the Florida State College, twenty-one thou-
sand five hundred and forty dollars........ $21,540.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be for current expenses of
said institution, and is, therefore, in my opinion, uncon-
stitutional. After eliminating the items above enumer-
ated, there is left in the appropriation bill, for the next
two years, the sum of $55.i;5..75-being $10,000.00 more
than the total appropriation for the past ten years for
this institution.
Former appropriations made for this Seminary were as
follows:
For the year 1893.........................$ 4,000.00
For the year 1895......... ................. 4,000.00
For the year 1897 .......................... 6,000.00
For the year 1899 .......................... 5,000.00
For the year 1901......................... 26,500.00
SOUTH FLORIDA MILITARY AN) EDUCATIONAL
COLLEGE.
(Located at Bartow.)
Section 1. For the construction of Academic Hall, ten
thousand 'dollars ......................... i II .1-'.u I
This item is (o'1.. .l1 to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be for current expenses,
and is, therefore, in my opinion, unconstitutional,
Section 1. South Florida Military and Educational Col-
lege: For purchase of additional lands, two hundred
and fifty dollars ............. ................ $250.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be for current expenses,
and is, therefore, in my opinion, unconstitutional.
Section 2. For the, construction of Academic Hall. ten
thousand dollars ........................$10,000100
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses, and is, therefore, in my opinion, uncon-
stitutional.
Section 2. For purchase of lands, two hundred and fifty
dollars ................ ................... $250.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses of said institution, and is, therefore, in
my opinion, unconstitutional.
Section 3. For purchase of additional lands, five hundred
dollars............ ............. ........ 500.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses of said institution, and is, therefore, in
my opinion, unconstitutional. The usual current expen-
ses for this institution have been provided for in another
appropriation. There remains in this bill $7,125.00 for
current expenses also.
ST. PETERSBURG NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL
SCHOOL.
(Located at St. Petersburg.)
Section 1. For the St. Petersburg Normal school, two
thousand five hundred dollars................ $2,500.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses of the institution, and for, the further
reason that this institution is not a recognized State in-
stitut ion-it not being owned-or any part thereof, by the
State, ;nd is, therefore, in my opinion. unconstitutional.
Section 3. St. Petersburg Normal and Industrial School,
twelve thousand -i hundred dollars ......$.. ,riiO.
This item is l -j.., i.-.i to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses of said institution, nor does it appear
that this institution is owned b ythe State of Florida or
recognized as a State institution-it appeariPti. in a pro-
viso of the bill that this money is intended for the pur-
chase of land upon whichis -situated a certain school
house. and for the erection of buildings thereon, it is
clearly not a ('flrcnt expense, and is, therefore, in my opin-
ion, unconstitutional.
FLPO:TID- A SCHOOL FOR DEAF AND BLIND.
(Located at St. Augustine.)
Section 3. For the Florida School for Deaf and Blind,
twenty-nine .!:.i'-:ail, seven-hundred and seventy-five
dollars ..... ............. ........... . F?2 .77,-.00
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
current expenses of -. ii, institution, and it is apparent
that it is intended for the erection of liai,~_in.:-; not em-
braced in current (- i-t',i v-s. and is, therefore, in my opin-
ion, unconstitutional.
Section 2. For the Florida School for Deaf and Blind,
twenty-seven ll...;-; .; and fifty dollars. . 7.-'.1*,'..iii
This item is objected to and not approved for the rea-
son that it does not appear to be an appropriation for
the current expenses of said institution, and is, therefore,
in my opinion, unconstitutional. T!I, r-. being left in the
bill an appropriation of 'T27.;75.00 for the current expen-
ses of said institution.
I have the honor to remain, with great respect,
Very truly yours,
W. S. JENNINGS,
Governor.
State of Florida,
Executive Department,
Tallahassee, June 12, 1903.
HON. H. C. CRAWFORD,
Secretary of State, Tallahassee.
::I-_;-In ;ui..,rd.,r..-: with section 28, article 3, of the
Constitution, 1 have the houor to transmit herewith a bill
to be entitled "An Act for the Assessment and Collection
of Revenue," without my ., .;.'. !
I regret exceedingly that I am unable to approve this
bill, for there are many features in it that I heartily ap-
prove of; but there is one feature of this bill that I cannot
approve, : 1 to disapprove the one part, under the Con-
stitution in such cases made and provided, is in effect to
disapprove all of them. The change in the law relative
to the assessment or valuation of railroad, street railroad,
telegraph properties, terminal facilities, appurtemlnces.
etc., referred to in section 45 of this bill does not meet
.with my approval. The present law on the subject of as-
sesment of railroad properties, etc., reads in part, as fol-
lows:
"The president ard secretary or superintendent or
manager of any mrilroad company or street railroad or
receiver of any railroad, whose track or road-bed or any
par-t thereof is in this -t ..i., shall, annually, on or before
lhe flrst Isonday in larch, return to the Comptroller of
the State, under their oath, the total length of such rail-
road, the total length and value of such main track,
switch and spur track, and side tracks, lots or parts of
lots not leased or rented, and terminal facilities in this
State, and the total length and value thereof in each coun-
ty, city or incorporated town in this State, as of the
first day of January; they shall also make return of the
nuinber and vlue of all the locomotives, eng-ims. passen,
ger, freight, p 1it.-ii, construction andu other cars; and
appurtenances, and should any railroad ,.l.,'il;,.l, or
its oftihers, fail to make the returns required by this act on
or before the first Monday in March, or should the Comp-
troller have reason to believe that any return so made does
not give complete and correct value of such railroad prop-
erty, the Comptroller, with the assistance and advice of
the Attorney-Ueneral and T'o1 .:it i of the State, shall
have the power to asses the same from the best informa-
tion they can obtain, specifying the value thereof in each
county. And the value of the locomotives, engines, pass-
enger, freight, platform, construction and other cars
.and appurtenances shall be apportioned by the Comptroll-
er pro rata to each mile of main' track, branch, switch,
spur track and side track, and the Comptroler shall notify
the assessor of each county through which such railroad
runs of the number of miles of track and the value thereof
.and the proportionate value of personable property taxa-
ble in their respective counties, andhe shall notify each
incorporated city or town, into whichsaid railroad runs,
of the mileage apportionment of rolling stock and other
property of said railroad within such city or town, and the
value thereof shall be assessed by such city or town,
as provided by law, and upon the value thus ascertained
and apportioned taxes shall be assessed the same as upon
property of individuals. That every telegraph line in
this State and its properties, rights, franchises of every
kind, in this State shall be returned and assessed in the
same manner as is provided by this act for the assessment
of railroads, and in case of failure to pay the taxes as-
sessed, the entire line of telegraph in this State and all of
its properties,, rights and franchises, or any property be-
longing to the same company, person or persons, may be
sold in the same manner as is provided for the sale of the
.railroad or any of its properties upon which any tax shall
be due and not paid," etc.
Section 45 of the revenue bill before me reads as fol-
lows:
"The president and secretary or superintendent or
manager of any railroad company cr' street railroad, or
receiver of any railroad whose track or road-bed or any
part thereof is in this State, shall annually, on or before
the first Monday of March, return to the Comptroler of
the State, under their oath, the total length of their rail-
road, the total length and value of such main track, branch
switch and spur track, and side-track, lots or-parts of lats,
not leased or rented and terminal facilities in this State,
and the total length and value thereof in each county,
city or incorporated town in this State, as of the first day
of January; they shall also make return of the number
and value of all the locomotives, engines, passenger,
freight, platform, construction and other cars and appur-
tenances, and should any railroad company, or its officers
fail to make the returns required by this act on or before
the first Monday in March when such returns are made,
or should any such returns not be made, it is hereby made
the duty of the Comptroller, Attorney-General and State
Treasurer, and they are hereby given power to assess
the same from the best information they can obtain.
Specifying the value thereof in each county and the
value of the locomotives, engines, passenger, freight,
platform, construction and other cars and appurtenances
shall be apportioned by the Comptroller pro rata to each
mile of main track, branch, switch, spur track and side
track, and the Comptroller shall notify the assessor of
each county, through which such road runs, of the num-
ber of miles of track and the value thereof and the appro-
portionate values of personal property taxable in their
respective counties, and he shall notify each incorporated
city and town into which said railroad runs and the
mileage, apportionment of rolling stock and other proper-
ty of said railroad within such city or town, and the val-
ue thereof shal be assessed by such city or town as pro-
vided by law, and upon the value thus ascertained and
apportioned taxes shall be assessed the same as upon the
property of individuals. That every telegraph line in
this State shall be returned and assessed in the same man-
ner as is provided for the sale of the railroads or any
of its property upon which any tax shall be due and not
paid."
It will be observed, by comparison of these two pro-
visions, that the following language is left out of the
proposed law in the bill before me-following the words
"before the first Monday in March"--to-wit:
"Or should the Comptroller have reason to believe that
any return so made does not give complete and correct
value of such railroad and property."
Thus depriving the Comptroller or the State authori-
ties from valuing railroad, street railroad, telegraph,
terminals, appurtenances and other properties owned by
said corporations, as mentioned in said bill. Prvoided
any railroad company or its officers make returns re-
quired by the proposed act on or before the first Monday
in March,, as therein set forth, which is considered a dan-
gerous policy. The assessed valuation of railroad prop-
erty for the year 1902, as returned by the various rail-
roads, as shown by the Comptroller's records, was $16,-
387,793. The Comptroller, by and with the assistance
and advice of the Attorney General and the Treasurer of
the State, raised the valuation of railroad properties to
$20.045,814.55 for the year 1902, a total of $3,658,021.55;
an increase of 22 1-3 per centum. The valuations
fixed by the Comptroller are the valuation that the coun-
ties' special school districts, cities and towns collect their
taxes upon, and I deem it unwise and inexpedient to ap-
prove this feature of the bill. If the railroad companies
-and this section applies also to street railroads and
telegraph companies-should value their own property
at $16,387,793 under the present law, whe nthe Comptrol-
ler has the power to correct the valuation of such rail-
road and property, it is possible that the railroad com-
panies might place a lower valuation on their properties,
and if they should, under the provisions of the bill under
consideration, and make the returns prior to the first
Monday in March of each year, there is no power under
the provisions of this bill to correct the valuation of such
railroad and properties, and, for this reason, I deem it
my duty to withhold my approval from the bill.
Very Respectfully,
W. S. JENNINGS,
Governor.
State of Florida,
Executive Department,
Tallahassee, June 5, 1903.
HON. H. C. CRAWFORD,
Secretary of State,,
Tallahassee, Florida.
DEAR SIR-In accordance with Section 28, Article
3, of the Constitution, I transmit herewith a bill to be
entitled "An Act affecting and to enlarge the powers,
authorities and privileges of the city of Miami, Dade
County, Florida, and to authorize the said city of Miami
to issue negotiable bonds for certain municipal pur-
poses, and to provide for a Board of Bond Trustees, pre-
scribing a mode of amending its charter, fixing the terms
of office and mode of election of certain officers," with-
oat approval.
The act is considered unconstitutional, containing
more than one subject matter, and for the further rea-
son that there are subjects mnetioned in the bill that
are not sufficiently stated in the title, as contemplated
by the Constitution; (2) the acts gives the council of
the City of Miami the power to discontinue streets and
vacatte parks and squares, when deemed expedient and
release the rights of the public therein. This is a grant
to the council the power to release the rights of the pub-
lic without giving the interested public an opportunity
to be heard on the subject, which is not considered with-
in the power of the Legislature to grant. Again, if such
a power can be granted in any case, the.grant here, with-
out safeguards or limitations, is a dangerous policy, and
1 deem it my duty to withhold my approval from said
act. Very Truly Yours,
W. S. JENNINGS,
SGovernor.
State of Florida,
Executive Department,
Tallahassee, June 11,1903.
HON. H. C. CRAWFORD.
Secretary of State,,
Tallahassee, Florida.
SIR-I have the honor to transmit herewith a bill to
be entitled "An Act to regulate the taking of food fish
in the salf and fresh waters of Brevard county," in ac-
cordance with Section 8, Article 3, of the State Consti-
tution, without my approval.
Many leading citizens of Brevar county (including
the member of the Legislature from said county, who, I
understand, introduced the bill under consideration)
now protesting against its becoming a law, for the rea-
son that the prohibitions set forth in said bill-the
small mesh in the net, a stherein defined-makes its
provisions obnoxious to a majority of the citizens of said
county, and especially those more or less dependent
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