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NINETEENTH

BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE


FLORIDA


STATE MARKETING BUREAU
NEILL RHODES, COMMISSIONER


FOR PERIOD
JULY 1, 1952 TO JUNE 30, 1954


DIVISION OF
FLORIDA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
NATHAN MAYO. COMMISSIONER


















505 WEST ADAMS STREET
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA




















Letter of Transmittal


Florida State Marketing Bureau

State of Florida




To His Excellency
Honorable Charley E. Johns
Governor of Florida

Sir:


I have the honor to submit to you herewith
the Nineteenth Biennial Report of the Florida State
Marketing Bureau for the Fiscal Period July 1, 1952
to June 30, 1954.


Respectfully,

Neill Rhodes

State Marketing Commissioner


Jacksonville, Florida
July 27. 1954







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT
FLORIDA STATE MARKETING BUREAU

Prefatory to the body of the Nineteenth Biennial Report of the Florida

State Marketing Bureau, I regard it appropriate to briefly emphasize the iinor-

tance of Florida agriculture. Is its volume large enough, its value great

enough to justify the funds appropriated in its behalf for the assistance and

service provided by agricultural agencies? How does the amount of financial

support compare with that given other industry? for occasionally someone be-

comes disturbed or disgruntled and implies funds made available to State and

Federal agricultural agencies are excessive. It is not inappropriate to point

out that the amount of money used by agricultural agencies on research, as one

example, is very small compared to other segments of our economy. In Yarch

1953 Dr. Byrcn Shaw, Agricultural Research Administrator, gave an Appropriation's

Subcommittee some eye-opening facts. Said he that in 1951 the Federal Govern-

ment spent about 456 million on agricultural research, the States slightly more,

a total of $113 million. This was less than 3 tenths of 1 percent of the total

cash receipts from farming that year. Industry had spent a little more than

this on certain lines of agricultural research and to develop and apply the re-

sults in Federal and State laboratories. In glaring contrast, the aircraft

industry spent 13 percent of its sales income for research, the electrical

machinery industry 6 percent, the chemical industry 27 percent and the Federal

Government furnished about half of the funds used for research by all industry.

Federal appropriations for agricultural research comprised less than one-

fortieth of total Federal expenditures on research. From the light of such

facts there is little shadow of justification for claiming that Congress and

State Legislatures have been unfairly giving agricultural departments an ad-

vantage over other segments of the economy or other agencies receiving public

funds for their maintenance Note Florida's agricultural volume following page.


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NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL VOLUME AND VALUE 1952-53


CITRUS ACREAGE,
Oranges
Grapefruit
Tangerines
TCr'AL


PRODUCTION AND
Acres 331,808
W 108,008
OR 23,000
OD Z6,21-B


VALUE 1952-53 SEASaC
Carloads 144,644 Units
S64,839 "
S9,969 "
a 2197452' "


Used 72,200,000
" 32,500,000
S 4,900,000
* 30M, U66 66


MISCELLANEOUS FRUIT ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE 1952-53 SEASON
watermelons Acres b0,0uu00 arloads -8,037 Melons 79,520
Strawberries g 4,600 0 726 Units Used 307
Other Fruits a 14,450 2 470 1,209
TOTAL W 16 5,50 O 31!29 7
VEGETABLE ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE 1952-53
Beans Acres 6,400 Uarloads 10,4'20 Units Used 6,792
Celery 10,100 W 15,374 O 6,366
Potatoes a 40,300 18,379 O 9,819
Tomatoes 57,300 21,809 8,856
Others 140 525 46,966 19,709
TOTAL 313I,625 1127, 51,54


FLAo FOB SALES
"$145, 145,000
53,601,000
17,083 000
$218,829,000

$ 14,310,000
2,099,000
3,149,000


$ 20,225,000
13,299,000
15,536,000
38,898,000
49 629 000
$137,587 ,000


,000
,000
,000


,000
,000
,000
,000
,000
,ow0


GRAND TOTAL ACRES 881,491 CARLOAU
LIVESTOCK IN FLORIDA 1952 Head
Beerf battle and Calves TlS4,6
Dairy Cattle 158,000
Hogs & Pigs 531,000
Others(Sheep and Lambs, Goats and Kidi
TOTAL


POULTRY, EGGS AND DAIRY
Chickens Produced
Turkeys Produced
Eggs
Dairy Products
TOTAL POULTRY, EGGS


GERAL FIELD CROPS 1952
Tobacco--Flue
W Shade
Corn
Cotton
Peanuts
Sweet Potatoes
Sugar Cane & Seed
Sugar Cane-Syrup
Blackstrap Molasses
Oats
Velvet Beans
Soy Beans
Hay
Cow Peas for peas only
TOTAL


PRODUCTS (MIL=
41,000,000 Ibs'
2,8059000 lbs
32,000,000 Doz,
759000,000 gals
& DAIRY PRODUCTS


DS 363,633 UNITS


176,418,000 VALUE $375,974,000


Unit Value Farm Value Jan.1 1953
$ 85.10 $127,940,006
158.00 24,964,000
19090 10,567,000
s, Meat for dog meat,oircuses,etoo)

FOR 1952
, fryers-hens-roosters) 290
S(hens-toms-fryers) @ 41,50
S(white & brown) @ 530
s. of milk @ 51o30
S


Acres Harvested
22, /700
4,000
637,000
54,000
54,000
8,000
43,700
5,000

36,000
60,000
12,000
78,000
3,000
1 UT7 '400


Volume Harvested Unit Price
Z5,78/,0U9 bs-$ U.Jlr
4,580,000 lbs, 1.80
9,874,000 bu. 1,75
30,000 bales 194.50
48,060,000 lbse 0.102
560,000 buo 4.11
1,526,000 tons 7.60
725,000 gals. 1.35
9,304,000 gals,
1,080,000 buo 1l15
15,000 tons 40o00
240,000 buo 2o75
54,000 tons 26.50
14,000 buo 4.80
a(Unofficial Estimate)


MISCELLANEOUS CROPS AND SPECIALTIES 1952
Fecans 13,000* Unofficial 4,300,000 Ibs. @ 0.21
Tung Nuts 30,500 acres 0 31,000 tons 6 84.00
Honey & Wax (227,000 colonies) 17,297,000 lbso@ $0.163 (Gov. Support Price
Gladiolus (Not Determined)
Other Nursery Products (Not Determined)
TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS CROPS AND SPECIALTIES


GROSS SALES 1952
$ 39,494,000
(Ind.Beef Sales)
22,309,000
1,643,000
$ 63,446,000

$ 11,853,000
1,165,000
16,970,000
38,500,000
$ 68,488,00


FARM VALUE
$ 13,275,000
8,244,000
17,280,000
5.922,000
4,902,000
2,296,000
11,598,000
979,000
o(1,760,000)
1,242,000
600,000
660,000
1,431,000
67 000


S 900,000
2,604,000
40) 2,827,000
9,750,000
13,793 000


Agricultural Group Saless Citrus Fruits, Miscellaneous Fruits & Melons,Vegetablea375,974,000
Livestock-Sales to Markets, Farm Sales and Home Consumption 63,446,000
Poultry, Eggs and Milk Sales 68,488,000
General Field Crops-Farm Value (Revised Figures) 70,256,000
Miscellaneous Crops and Specialties (Revised Figures) 29,874,000


TOTAL FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL GROSS VALUE


$608,038,000






STA.L MARKETING BJREAU


MARKET L-E\S INDISPENISABILiTY

The current biennial period has again been one in which farmers were caught
in the cost-price squeeze between rising prices for what they bought and lower
prices for what they sold. Continuing have been the needs of Florida, and
American agriculture to reduce costs, improve quality and broaden markets. An
ever-present need is to balance farm production with variety and quantity of
products consumers want and will buy at fair prices. This involves providing
market information and improving facilities for its distribution to serve the
greatest number at tne lowest cost,

The Vegetable Advisory Committee, report of Administrator, Agricultural
Research Service, released Iarch 30, 1954, stated in substance: "The Committee
felt that all of present activities in marketing service and education, with
vegetables, should be expanded, were of high priority but within the high
priority group Collection and dissemination of basic data and market informa-
tion on production, distribution and prices of vegetables is given No. 1
priority,"

While perfection is impossible in this day of changing trends, the market
structure, the market itself is man-made and human error is unavoidable. Sales
prices are based upon human judgment in making bids and offers. Knowledge of
those engaged in marketing procedures is not complete, but worse it is not
generally distributed equally the grower usually being the less informed of
all conditions upon which the price of his products depends,

With all the splendid cattle markets operating in Florida, an estimated
one-third of annual sales of livestock are not sold at auction. A producer
selling livestock at the farm has available and not all receive those -
terminal market reports and the country, or auction sales reports as a guide
in farm values- Most of the lower grades sold through auction, some of the
higher grades sold individually by producers, is a practice which tends to lower
the farm-sale base, The Bureau is undertaking to gather more information on
farmside sales.

In making price information available to farmers, an official agency can
hardly expect to escape the strain and persuasion of political pressures- It
has been the steadfast purpose of the Florida State Marketing Bureau to provide
the growers with factual, representative market and marketing infLrmatic;.o Er-
perience shows that farm programs must be developed graduall:- by evolutionary
process. The grower must have time to digest and adopt information to indivi-
dual operations,. Yet unattained is a wholly satisfactory system for levelling
supply with demand which will assure at least fair prices and reasonable in-
come stability to agricultural producers. Current, reliable market infor.-ation
is the very cornerstone of the marketing system.

A decade or so ago when most of the fruits and vegetables moved by rail and
water, a daily complete record of volume shipped, in transit and received at
terminal markets was prepared and distributed, With more than half of the
fruit-vegetable volume now moving by truck, a system of obtaining information
on truck shipments had to be devised. Florida pioneered in this service and to-
day has perhaps the most complete daily records of truck movement and the oest
system of obtaining a breakdown of its volume, of any state. The daily ship-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


ment record released by the Bureau now includes movement by rail, truck and
all other means of transportation, for the same current, previous-to-release
24-hour period.

Rapid changes in our system of distribution as evidenced by more direct
buying at the farm and local or concentration markets, the increasing trend
of by-passing terminal markets, decentralization of processing plants, creates
demand for market news expansion, for complete quotations of prices of products
at local as well as terminal markets,

LIVESTOCK MARKET NEWS

Two livestock market news reporters were added to the Bureau force August
1, 1953 for wider coverage of South and North Florida markets. The body of
the first Florida area Weekly Livestock Market Summary released (for Friday,
August 14, 1953) after the two additional reporters started under the new
schedule is here reproduced

Combined receipts at the major packing plants auction and cooperative markets
ats Belle Glade, Blountstown, Bonifayp Chipley, DeFuniak Springs, Graceville,
Jay, Kissimmee, Lake City, Lakeland, Live Oak, Madison, Marianna, Monticello,
Okeechobee, Ooala, Quincy, Tampa, Trenton, Wauchula, Webster, Alachua, Arcadia
and others
Cattle Calves Hog
Week ended August 14, 1953 (estimated) 5,206 37775 425
Same period last week 4,876 2,738 8,177
Same period last year 2,969 1,941 10,206
CATTLE AND CALVESs At twelve auctions, compared one week ago, slaughter cattle
steady to $1o00 off, frequently $1l00-3o00 off on canner and cutter grades,
but steers these grades about steady. At Ocala, calves steady to $2o00 off,
spots $3o00 lower Stocker steers steady to $lo00 off, spots $2.00-3o00 down"
Heifers near steady, spots strong, stock calves steady to $lo00 up, best
action on lightweights but stock cows steady to $1o00 off, some $3.00-3.50 down
at Monticelloo At Arcadia, most classes steady to strong, calves 250 to $1l00
up but stock cows 500 to $1o00 down. At Belle Glade Thirsday compared with
Monday, most classes weak to $1l00 off, some cows off more

Sales included good steer and heifer yearlings $17.00 to $18.75 as high as
$20o25, commercial $12.80-16.50 extremes $17.25 and $12.00, utility $10o25-
14o50, as low as $9o00, cutter $6o60-12o50 as high as $13o50, canner $5o25-
9o75c Commercial cows $12.50, utility $8o50-11o25, as low as $7.00, cutter
$6.50-10.50 as high as $llo75, canner cows $5.00-=800 as low as $3o75, utility
and commercial bulls $10o00-12.75, a few $8o00-9.00, canner and cutter $6.50-
10o75 extremes $12.50 and $4.00o Good slaughter calves $15.00-18.50, a few
around $14o00, commercial $11.00-15.75, utility $9.50-13.50, as low as $8.00,
cull $6.00-12o25. In stockers, medium and good steers $12o25-14o50, same grades
heifers $11.25-15o75, common stockers $8o00-13.00, a few heifers to $14075o
Inferior stookers $6.00-12o50 as low as $3.00o Medium and good stock calves
$12.00-15o00, odd heifer calves $17.00 at Wauchula and $18.00 at Kissimmeeo
Common stock cows $6.25-12.25, inferior $5.00-10.25, a few $3.75 and less
Slaughter Cattle and Calves
STEERS Choice 500-1100C $20.75-23o50 BULLS8 Commercial All wgts $11.00-15o00
a5n Good 500-9004 17.75-22.00 Utility 9o00-13.75
HEIFERS Commercial All wgts. 13o00-18.50 Can.& Cut. 6.00-12o00
Utility 10.00-15o00 CALVESs Gd. & Ch. l 14o00-20o00
Cano& Cut. 6.75-12.50 Commercial 12.00-15o75
COWS Commercial l 12.50-15.00 Utility 9o00-13.50
Utility w 8.50-13.50 Cull Clv-Vlr" 5.00-11o50
Cutter 7o00-10o50 VEALERS8Gd. & Cho 16o00-22o00
Canner 5o00=8o75 Util & Comi 10.00-17o50


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STATE MARKETING BUREAU


Stocker and Feeder Cattle and Calves

STEERSt Gd. & Ch. 500-800W $14.50-19.00 CALVES: Gd.& Ch. 250-50C0 $15.50-20.00
Medium 500-83001 12.00-16.00(STe-F-ull) Med. 12.50-16.50
Common All wgts. 9.00-14.00 Common 8.00-14o50
Inferior 6.50-11.00 Inferior All wgts. 6.50-12.50
HEIFERSMed & Gd 500-750t 11.25-18.00 CALVESt Gd. & Ch. 250-5001 15.00-20.00
Inf.&Com. All wgts. 7.00-15.00 (Heifer) Medium 13.00-18.00
COS:s Con & Med. 7.00-12.00 Common 9.00-16.00
Inferior 4.00-10.00 Inferior All wgts. 8.00-14.00

Florida Weekly Hog Market Review
Aggregate all classes 8,500. Prices were up and down, Sales 180-240 lb.barrows
and gilts $20.00-22.04, Gainesville receipts 840, 180-240 lbs $20.10, 160-180
lbs $19.40, 140-160 lbs $18.00, 120-140 lbs $16.50, 100-120 lbs. $14.65, 80-100
lbs $13.00. Sows $14.35 and $17.10. Live Oak receipts 1,000o 180-240 lbs.
$22.04, 160-180 lbs $21.30, 140-160 lbs $20.00.120-140 Ibs $16.10, 100-120 lbs
14.00, 80-100 lbs $12.75, 60-80 lbs.$12.00. Sows $15.00-17.75. Ocala receipts
350o 180-240 lbs $21.70 160-180 lbs $21.65, 140-160 lbs $20.15, 120-140 Ibs
$10.00, 100-120 lbs $15.00, 80-100 lbs $13.40. Sows $18.50-19.80. Florida
sales feeder pigss Good $17.50-22.00, Top $23.00 Marianna, Mediun. $13.50-18.50,
Common $17.50-15.25 as high as $17.00.

Representative Florida Livestock Markets
BELLE GLADE Thurs. Aug. 13, Receipts cattle 475. Slaughter steers and heifers
good *i7.00-18.25. Commercial $12.00-14.50, few to $16.75, Utility $11.00-
15.00, Bulk $12.00-13.00. Canner and cutter $7.o00-12o25, utility cows $10.00-
11.00. Utility bulls $11.00-12.00, canner and cutter $7.50-10.50. Commercial
calves $13.25, utility $9.50-12.50, cull $7.75-8.50. Stockers scarce.
OCALA. Turs. Aug. 13, receipts cattle 206, calves 165, stockers 50%. Slaughter
calves 1.00,spots $2.00 off, canner and low-cutter steers steady, better
grades 500-1.00 off, ows steady, few 500-1.00 off early, but cutters strong
h te, bulls steady to 1.00 off. Stockers strong, inferior lightweight heifer
calves active but fleshy medium and good Angus bull calves slow, commercial
steers $15.50, utility $11.50-14o25, canner and cutter $6.75-12.25. Utility
cows $9o50-11.00, butter $7.00-10.50, canner $3.50-7.00, utility bulls $11.00-
12o75, canner and cutter $5.75-10.25. Good slaughter calves $15.50-18.00, com-
meroial $12.50-15.75, utility $10.50-14.00, cull $6.o00-10.50. Common stkr
steers and heifers $9.75-10.25, inferior mostly yrlgs $5.00-12o50. Medium and
good Angus calves $11.o00-15.75, common $10.00-13.50, lightweight Angus heifer
calves common and inferior mixed $14.00-17.75. Common stock cows $9.00-10.00,
inferior $2.00-9.00o
WAUCHULA. Thurs. Aug. 13, receipts cattle 305, calves 452, cutter steers and
helfers -8.00-11.25, Canner $7.00-8.50, utility cows $8.75-9.75, cutter $7.75-
8.50, canner $6.00-7.75, utility bulls $8.00-12.50, cutter $8.00-9.75, commer-
cial oalves $11.75-14.25, utility $10.00-11.50, cull $7.25-10.00. Common and
medium stooker steers and heifers $11.25-14.25, inferior $8.00-11.50, inferior
stock calves $8.00-17.00, bulk $12.00-13.00. Inferior stock cows $4.50-9.25.
ARCADIA Friday Aug. 7, 1953. First Annual 4-H Club feeder cattle and calf sale,
Receipts 102. (Offerings sold to both replacement anA slaughter accounts)
medium stocker and feeder steers $12.00-14o75, bulk 12.50-14.00, inferior
$8.00-11.25, bulk $8.75-10.75, one $14.00, Common stoker calves $11.75 in-
ferior $8o00-11.75, bulk $9.00-11.Q0. Commercial slaughter steers $14.25-
21.75, bulk $16.00-18.o00, utility ?11.00-14.75, bulk $12.25-13o75, one i16.25,
cutter $11.00-13.00, bulk $12.00-12.25, one $14.00. Commercial calves $12.50-
12.75, utility $10.75-12.50, cull *8.00.

NOTICE: Sixth Annual Feeder Calf Sales, Gainesville Livestock Market, Gaines-
vilie, Florida. Brahman, Wed. Aug. 26, 1953. Brahman and Brahman cross steers
and heifers only, 2 yrs old a-d under 300 lbs, minimum weight. Angus, Wedo Sept
2, 1953. Black and butt-headed showing predominance of Angus, steers and
heifers only, 2-yrs old pnd under. Hereford, Fri. Sept. 4, 1953. Three-fourths
Hereford or better and must show definite Hereford characteristics, steers and
heifers only, 2-yrs old and under, 200 lbs. min wgt. Sales times .ill be 1 PM
for all sales.

MONTICELLO0 Monday, Aug. 10, 1953. Receipts cattle 306, calves 84. 38 percent


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NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


stockers, slaughter cattle $1o00-2o25 off, least decline for good but canner
and cutter grades $2.00-3.00 lowsr, calves $lo00-3.00 off. Stocker 500 to $3.00
off, cows $3.00-3.50 lower. Slaughter steers, commercial $12.80-15o80, steers
and heifers, utility $9o00-13o25, cutter 46060-12o00, canner $5o30-8.00, calves
choice $17o70, good *15o00-17o95, commercial $11o00-14c00, cull and utility
$7o00-110000 Cows, commercial 12.50, utility $8o00-9o50, canner and cutter
$4.90-8.50. Bulls, good yearling $15.10, commercial $10.00-12.75, utility
$10.00-10o30, canner and cutter $6.00-9o80, stocker steers 14.40-14o50,coommon
and medium $9.25-14.30, inferior $5.00-8075. Heifers, good $15o75, medium
$11.25-15.75, common 08,00-10.75, inferior $6025-8.75. Calves, medium and good
$12.00-14o20, inferior and common $6000-12o00, cows, common $6o25-7.75, in-
ferior $2.50-7o25o HOGS8 Estd receipts 700. Barrows and gilts 180-240 lbs
$20.07, 160-180 lbsTT8o81, 140-160 lbs $17.80, 120-140 lbs $15.00, 100-120
lbso $14.35p under 100 lbso $13.80, 240-270 lbs $19.57, 270-300 lbs. *19o07,300
lbso up $18.57. Sows 180-240 lbs $17o00,160-180 lbs. $16.00, 140-160 lbso
$14o50, 240 lbs. $15.95.
GAINESVILLE. Monday, Augo 10, 1953o Receipts cattle 741, calves 305o Slaughter
steers and heifers, good $17.00-20.25, bulk $17.50-18o000 commercial $14.00-
16o75% utility $11.00-14 25, cutter 9o00-12.50p canner $6o00-10o00o Calves,
good 15o00-17o25, bulk $15.25-15.75, commercial $12.00-15o75, utility $11.00-
14o0Q, cull *7.o00-11.00o Cows, utility $llo25-12o25, cutter 8oO0-llo25, oan-
ner 5o00-8oQ0.o Bulls, utility $10o25-13o00, cutter %8o00-13o00, canner $5o00-
8.25o Stocker steers, medium $14o00-15o25, common $8o00-13o75, inferior
$6o50-12o00. Heifers, medium $12o50-16o00, common $8o75-14.00, inferior $7o75-
12150o Calves, medium $13o00-14o00, common 8o.50-13.00, inferior $5.00-llo50o
Cows, Medium $10.00-13o00, common $8.50-10.75, inferior 5.00-9o00Oo
BELLE GC.ADEf Monday, Aug. 10, 1953o Receipts cattle estd. 800, calves 200o
U0-35 percent stocker general demand good although utility steers and heifers
and calves often slow Stoclrs only fairly active Slaughter steers and heif-
ers, commercial $15.25-17.00, utility $12.00-14.50, one $16o00, cutter $8.00-
13.50, canner $6.25-9.75o Cows, utility $11.00-12.00, cutter $8o25-11o00,
canner $4.00-8o50. Vealers and calves, good '15o25, comim racial $12.25-15.25,
utility $10o00-12o50o cull $9.00-12o25o Bulls, utility $11.75-12o25, cutter
$8.50-llo75, canner $7o50-8.75 stocker steers, common $9o50-13o00, inferior
$3o00-1075. Heifers, common $9o25-10o25, inferior $7o00o-ll00o Calves, common
heifers $llo50-12.25, inferior $7.00-10o75o Cows, common $10o75, inferior
$5o00-6o00.
MARIANNAi Tuesday, Aug. 11, 1953o Receipts cattle 96, calves 34. 62 percent
stookers, steady to $2o00, and more lower compared three weeks ago. Slaughter
steers, commercial and good $16.o50-18o00, utility $l0o25-13.25, cutter $8.25-
9o50o Heifers, commercial $14.75, calves, commercial and good $12o00-16.75,
utility $11o25-13o50o Cows, utility $8o75, canner $5o00-6.20. Bullsoommer-
cial $11o00, cutter and utility $8o00-llo75o Stooker steers, common and medium
$10o00-14o50, inferior $8000-10o25. Heifers, common and medium $10.00-13o25,
inferior $8.00-11.50o Calves, common and medium $10o25-14o50o Cows, inferior
$3.75-8o75o HOGS0 Estd. receipts 750oBarrows and gilts 180-240 lbs $20o30,
160-170 lbs $=270, 140-160 lbs $19o00, 120-140 lbs 414o30 100-120 lbso$13o00,
240-270 lbs $39o10o Sows 180-240 lbs $17.00, 160-180 lbs $14.05, 240 lbs up
$16o00o Feeder oigs good 17o75-20000, odd lots double treated purebred
$22o25 and $23o25, medium $13.50-18o75, as low as $11.o00, common $7o50-12o00,
a few $17.00.
OEEECHOBEEsTuesday, Aug. 11, 1953o Receipts battle estd 200, oale.s 150. 41%
stoccars "supply small compared last week, moderately active. Few steers and
heifersn slow, out State active on stkro steers and calves, slaughter steers
and heiftrs, utility and commercial $llo75-14.00, canner and cutter $8.00-
1lo25. Utility cows $9.50-11o00, cutter $8.o00-9o75, canner $3o00-7o50, bulk
$5o00-7o00o Utility and commercial calves $llo75-14,00, cull $10.00=12o00o
Cutter bulls $8o00-12o50, canner Brahman $11.00 early Common stocker steers
$8o50-lo00, common heifers *10o00-12.75. Inferior stookors $6o50-12o00.
Lightweight heifers and oalves up to $13o50, common and medium stock oalves
$11o50-12o75. Common stock cows $9.759 inferior $4.00-8.50.
LAKELAND8 Tuesday, Aug. 11, 1953o Receipts cattle 266,calves 142. 32% stock-
ers, slaughter steers steady to 500 higher Vealers and calves and bulls steady
to slightly weaker, cows steady to 500 lower, stocker heifers P0 bighero All
others about steady. Slaughter steers and heifers, commercial .13o75-16o75,
utility $11llo75-13o75, cutter $10.00-12o00, canner $6.50-9o75o Vealers and
calves, good $15o50, commercial $11o75-15o25, bulk $12o50-14o25, utility 10o50-
12o25, cull $6.00-11.00o Cowa, utility $9.00-10.50, cutter $7o50-9o00, canner
$5.00-7.50. Bulls, cutter $10o00-12o50, canner $4o25-5o00o Common stocker


-10-







STATE MARKETING BUREAU


steers $11.50-12.85, common heifers $11o50-14o50. Interior stockers $7.50-12e00.
Common stock calves $11.50-14.50, inferior cows $5.00-10.00, bulk $6.00-8.75.
KTSSI1XMs Wednesday, Aug, 12, 1953. Receipts cattle 356, calves 796. 37%
stockers, Slaughter classes steady $1.00 and more lower, utility cows $1.00-
1-50 off; calves steady to 500 lower. Stockers steady to $1.00 off except
calves steady but inferior heifer calves strong to 500 higher. Stock cows
steady, few common $1.90 off early. Slaughter steers and heifers commercial
$13.75-16.50, utility 11l.00-14.50, cutter $9.00-11.75, canner $5.00. Utility
cows $8.50-11.25, canner and cutter $5.00-9.75. Commercial to near good calves
$1175-17o00, bulk commercial 412o00-13o75, utility $10.50-13.25, cull $5.00-
11.25. Utility bulls $10,75-12.00, canner and cutter $7.00-9.00. Common and
medium stoker steers $9o25-14.00, bulk common $10.75-12.75, common and medium
heifers $9.50-14.00o Inferior stockers $7.25-12,00. Lightweight heifers up to
$14.00 and heifer calves to $15.00. Common and medium stock calves $10.00-
14.50, medium heifer calves $18.00, common stock cows $7.75-10.75, inferior
$3.50-10.25, bulk $5.25-8.75o
ARCADIAs Wednesday Aug. 12, 1953. Receipts cattle 201, calves 252. 65% stock-
ers. ^l1 steers steady, slaughter calves 25-500 up, cows steady to slightly
higher. Stocker heifers and calves 250 to $1.00 up but cows 500 to $1.00 lower.
Cutter steers $9o25-10.50, canner $8.00, utility and cowmroial heifers $11o25-
D3 25, cutter $8.75-10o50, utility cows $7.00-8.50, cutter $6.25-8o75, canner
$3.75-6.75. Cutter bull $7o00-11.00. Common stoker steers $9.25-13o25, com-
mon and medium heifers $10.25-16.25. Inferior stockers $8.00-11.75, calves up
to $13.00, common and medium stock calves $10.75-14.75. Common stock cows
$7.25-8.25, inferior $4.25-6.75.
LIVE OAlS Wednesday, Aug. 12, 1953o Receipts battle 400, calves 150. 64%
stookerso Slaughter steers, heifers, bulls and stocker steers $1.00-2.00 lower,
some utility steers near steady, cows steady to 500 off and calves steady to
$1.00 lower. Stocker heifers only weak but cows steady to 500 lower. Commercial
steers and heifers $13o50-14o25, oalf weight yearling heifer $12.50, utility as
high as $14o25, bulk $9.25-13o25, cutter $6.75-10.00, canner $5o25-7o25.
Utility cows $9.50, cutter $7.50-8.75, canner $5.00-8.00o Utility bulls
$9.25-12.00, cutter $6.50-9.25. canner $4.00-6.75, bulk $5.50-6.75. Comm roial
calvea $12.50, utility $9.00-11.50 as low as $8.00. Medium stoker steers
$13.00, common $8.00-10.75, common and medium heifers $8.00-14.00, inferior
stockers $6o50-10o75. Common, medium and a few good Texas whitefaced heifer
oalves $31.00-67o00 a head, common and medium heifers $70.00-105.00, cows $90-
105.00 head.

Fifteen Florida livestock markets are given official coverage by the Bureau
cooperating with the Uo S. Department of Agriculture. New market coverage in
current biennial period: Jay, first quoted Nov. 25, 1952. Other markets given
official Bureau livestock market news coverage since last biennial report are
Graceville, Madison, Palatka (Limited), Belle Glade, Okeechobee. In addition
important outside markets are carried in regular releases to provide a well
rounded out livestock market news service for Florida.

POULTRY ANID EGG LMARKET NEWS SERVICE

Market news service for poultry and eggs, started by the Bureau's quoting
the Jacksonville market back in 1919, has expanded until now a ble.nkat state-
wide coverage is available. Egg quotations for the St. Petersburg market were
started Dec. 15, 1952, The Graceville section was given service after special
arrangements, first quotes for eggs released Nov. 17, 1953. North and West
Florida Quincy to Pensacola sectionspoultry and egg market news se-vice
were included in the semi-weekly Poultry and Egg Market Report of the Bureau,
first official release of Dec. 11, 1953 reproduced immediately following:


-11-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

Jacksonville, Fla& SEMI-WLEEKY POULTRY & EGG MARKET REPORT Report Friday
505 West Adams St. JaOksonvilieOr landoTampa'Tallahassee, Deco 11, 1953
Telephone f4-0423. Miami, St. Petersburg-Clearwater,Quincy Report $1206
to Pensacola
Neill Rhodes, Commissioner
Florida StateMarketing Bureau
Division of Florida State Department of Agrioulture, Nathan MayopCommissioner
JACKSONVILLE MARKET EGGS Dec. 9-119 1953
Minimum weights per oases Jumbo 56 Tbs; Extra Large 5-O ibs; Large 45 lbs;
Medium 391 lbs; mall 34 lbs. Minimum weights per dozen as shown below.
Supply fully adequate for fair demand market about steady with unsettled
undertoneo
ALL SALES TO RETAILERS
FLORIDA GRADE A(See Note I & 2) Net Weight Store Door Delivery
(Min 80% Grade A Per Dozen Current Market per dozen
Loose In Cartons
Deo.9 -11 Deo.9 10-11
Large 24 oz. mostly 59q^ 577 6T 6 27"
Medium 21 ozo a 52 52 57 57
Small 18 oz. 45 45 50 50
Extra Large 27 oz. 61 59 66 54
SHIPPED-IN GRADE A (SeeNote 3) Shipped in Cartons
tdu% Ubrae A) Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Dec. 11
Large 24 oz. Mixed colors 63-68 mos- -650 62-68 mos 6-64 61566-o.62-63
Medium 21 oz. Mixed colors 54-59 56-58 54-59 56-57 53-59 55-56
loSome nearby Florida Special packs sometimes sold at slightly higher prices.
2.Sales to Consumers by local Producers generally 10-15% higher than TlaoQuoteo
3.Sales in large lots to chain stores generally 100 above Chicago or 80 above
NewYork in ca:tonsc
NEW YORZ(USDA)Wholesale Market ThursoMarket about steady. U.S.Extras (Min 47*,
65% Gr A)DozoLarge-Whites 50-51Mxd colors 50-510o(Min 60% Gr A)Doz. Medium-
Whites 45-460, Mxd colors 44-460o
CHICAGO(USDA) Wholesale selling pricesoThursoMarket about steady. Large Extras
4 S-4 Tbso(Min 60% Gr A)DozoWhites 47-A~48 ,Mxd 47j-480,Med.Mxd 44J-450.
ATLANTA(USDA) Cases included ThursoMarket steady to firmoLoose basis,per dozo
d-e'Trextra for sales in cartons to retailers.Wholesale Grades.Min 60% Grade
ALge Whites 501-53o. Large Mxd 50-530oMedium 461-494oTo Retailers Consumer
Gr Ao Large Whites 57-564,Large Mxd 57-65 oMedium 535-60.o
JACKSONVILLE MARKET POULTRY
Good Merchantable Uuality
Supply adequate for fair demand, market slightly weaker on fryers and slightly
higher on hen turkeys
Live Weight Delivered to Large Dressers
Per Pound Wholesale Quantities
Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Dec. 11
Fryers all weights mostly 27- 226--27 25
Hens, Red 5 ibs. up 30-31 30-31 30-31
HensWhite 4j lbs. up 23-25 23-25 23-25
Hens, Light under 4 lbso a 20-21 20-21 20-21
Roosters, Old 17-18 17-18 17-18
Turkeys Young hens a 38-39 40-41 41-42
Turkeys Young toms 33-34 34-35 34-25
loSmall lots of poultry (under 2500 lbso) delivered by truckers or producers to
small retail dressers usually 2-30 higher than quote. Producers Sales to Con-
sumers generally 10-15% higher
PALATKA, FLAos(By County Agent)FRYER MARKETsPer IboFoO.B.Farm Sale Thursday.
Offrngsnone, prac tioally no demand.No sales reported. Nominal price range
25-26~, mostly 2540 Top price includes small lots9 and mostly price represents
weighted average of truckload sales
ATLANTAaTo Wholesalers Thursday per lb Hvy Hens 27-300,Lgt.Hens 18-220 Roosters

NORTH GEORGIA(USDA)FRYER MARKETF.O.B.Farm prices,per lbofor 24 hrs ending 10 AM
Thurs. Markrie we-ak~fe rings and supplies burdensome especially heavier weights.
Most farm trading uncovered today was at undetermined prices as buyers operating
on a wait and see basis .The top of at farm prices as listed represent trading
Weds .undertone unsettledoPrices paid broilers or fryers under 31 lbs at farms
23-24s,FCB plants 24-260, mostly 240o


-12-







STATE MARKETING BUREAU


ORIX'DO MARKET EGGS


Dec 8-10, 1953


FLORIDA Net Weight Store Door Delivery
Grade A Per Dozen Current Market to Retailers per Dozen
Loose In -artons
Large 24 oz, mostly M1 660
Medium 21 oz. 56 61
Small 18 oz. 48 53
Extra Large 27 oz. 63 68
Sales to Consumers by Producers generally 10-15% higher than quotations.


FLORIDA
Grade A
Fryers, 2 lbs.
Hens, Heavy
Hens. Litht


ORLANDO MARKET POULTRY
Live Weight-
Delivered to Dressers
up 290
30
24


Dressed and Drawn
Delivered to Retailers
50 -
49
43


FLORIDA GRADE A
(Min 80% Grade A)
Large
Medium
Small
Extra Large


ST. PET-RSBURG-CLEARWATER M.ARKET-EGGS Dec 8-10, 1953
Net Weight Gurrent Market per Dozen
Per Dozen Loose in cartonss
24 oz. mostly 630 685
21 ozo 58 63
18 oz. 51 56
27 oze 66 71


From nearby poultry farns.
Sales to Consumers by Producers generally 10-15% higher than quotations.


TAMPA MARKET EGGS

Supply moderate, market about steady.


Deo 8-10, 1953


FLORIDA
Grade A

Large
Medium
Small
Extra Large


Net Weight
Per Dozen

24 oz.
21 ozo
18 ozo
27 ozo


mostly
U
U
I.
19
"


Current Market
Loose

56
49
63


Store Door Delivery
to Retailers per Dozen
In Cartons
66#
61
54
68


TAMPA MARKET


- POULTRY


Supply moderate, market about steady,

Live Weight
Per Pound


Delivered to Dressers


Fryers, Red
Hens, Heavy
Hens, White, Heavy
Hens, Light
Roosters, Old


Turkeys
Turkeys


all weights
4- lbs, up
4 lbs. up
under 4 ibs.


Young hers
Young toms


Supply
FLORIDA
Grade A


MIAMI MARKET
moderate, market steady.
Net Weight
Per Dozen


Large
Medium
Small
Producers sales in
price to retailers.
MIAMI MARKET Contin


CurrentMarket to
Loose


Dec 8-10, 1953

Store Door Delivery
Retailers Der Dozen
In Uart1ons


24 oz.o mostly _77 740
21 oz. W 50 58
18 oz, W 41 49
cartons direct to consumer generally higher than carton

ued.


-13-


mostly
U
A







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


MIAMI MARKET POULTRY Deo 8-10, 1953
Supply moderate, market unsettled.
FLORIDA Live Weight Dressed and Daiwn
Grade A Delivered to Dressers Delivered to Retailers
Deo.8-9 Deo. 10 14o. 8-9 Uoc. 10
Fryers 2-3 lbs. 27i=o0 6-29 44JM-5 43--M
Hens, heavy breeds 31-34 31-34 47-50 47-50
Hens, light 20-23 20-23 38-41 38-41
Turkeys, young hens 40-43 40-43
Turkeys young tom 34-37, 34-37
TALLAHASSEE MARKET EGGS Dec 5-10, 1953
Supply liberal, market weak.

FLCRIDA Net Weight Store Door Delivery
Grade A Per Dozen Current Market to Retailers per Dozen
.-.. -Looose in Uartons
Deo.5-7 8-9="T"- Deo.5/7!- 10
Large 24 o0. T60 M = 57 5 T
Medium 21 oze 51 52 50 54 55 53
Small 18 oz. 43 43 42 46 46 45
Extra Large 27 ozo 62 63 61 65 66 63
West Florida Graoeville area, one large dealer special pioks store door
delivery, oase lots, loose: Large 604, Medium 53$; Small 45.*
TALLAHASSEE MARKET POULTRY
Supply about normal, market steady.
FLORIDA Live Weight Dressed and Drawn
Grade A Delivered to Dressers Delivered to Retailers
Dee. !-7 Dec .--U Dec.5-7 Deo. 8-10
Fryer., 2 lbs. up 730-31 28-29 -5 48-491
Hens, Red,heavy 29-30 30-31 49-50 50-51
Hens, light 17-18 17-18 27-28 27-28
Roostersold 16-17 16-17 26-27 26-27
Turkeys,young hens 40-41 38-39 60-61 58-59
Turkeys,young toms 35-36 33-34 55-56 53-54
WEST FLORIDA aUINCY TO PENSACOLA Eggs and Poultry
EGGS8 Loose In Cartons POULTRY: Live Weight Dressed-Drawn
Deoo.5- 10 eoo.8-9 10 Dio. 8-10 Deo. 8-10
Large 5T- 37- 6S7 4 TFrya s,Red 27-287 47-480
Medium 50 49 54 53 Hens,Red 28-29 48-49
Small 44 43 48 47 Hens,Light 16-17 26-27
Ex.Large 63 62 68 66 Roosters 15-16 25-26

The report shows the number of Florida and outside markets given regular
official coverage. Every Tuesday and Friday the year round the Poultry and Egg
Market Report is mailed free to all requesting the service. Quotes all markets
for Monday, Wednesday and Thursday, on which days reports are not mailed out are
also included in the following Tuesday and Friday releases so that no days are
missed and complete daily record is made available to the more than 1800 using
the data regularly for sales, invoice and other reference purposes. On dates of
changes in poultry and egg prices, a large number of telephone calls are made to
those desiring immediate notice, and a still greater number of telegrams are
sent. The information is given still wider distribution through the daily
press, radio and television stations. A weekly report of daily and weekly aver-
age prices of fryers on the Jacksonville market to the Agricultural Statistician,
Orlando, Fla., was started Sept. 19, 1952, supplemented with a compilation for
the period August 1, 1951 through Sept. 5, 1952. Conservatively estimated,
twenty-million dollars' worth of Florida eggs alone are sold on the basis of the
Florida StateMarketing Bureau quotations. The livestock and poultry and egg re-
ports comprise only part of the overall market news service of the Bureau in co-
operation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture0


-14-







STATE MARKETING BUREAU


CITRUS 1A.RKET NE'.S SERVICE

The Federal-State Citrus Larket News offices are located in Lakeland
Daily reports are prepared throughout the Florida citrus season, the service
providing st-tev.ide coverage. Lr.H. F. VWillson, Local Federal Representative
in charge, makes the following report (May 26, 1954):
The Federal-State Market News Service is rendered to all interested parties
from the initial beginning of each season or early in September until the close
of the volume shipping season for fresh citrus along in June. Beginning in
October and extending usually into June daily reports are mailed to a list of
primarily growers but including shippers, receivers, transportation officials,
Colleges, Universities and all others interested in any or all of the various
phases of the Florida Citrus Industry. This mailing list ranges around a thou-
sand, fluctuating somewhat depending on time of season. Market News Office
primarily furnishes basic data, principally shipments, distribution and auction
prices, to the citrus industry.

The Daily Citrus Report comprises briefly the following:
Daily shipments via rail, boat and truck from Florida and principal competing
states (Arizona, California and Texas) with totals to date this year and last
together with the final for last season;
Summary of Rail passing Florida gateways, East West and South together with
totals to date for each classification;
Number of boxes of Florida oranges, grapefruit and tangerines processed each
day with an accompanying to-date for current season and previous season;
Current daily citrus auction averages for the 10 auction markets for Florida
oranges (Interior and Indian River), temples, tangerines with grapefruit broken
down into 'Seed' and 'Seedless' and 'White' and 'Pink' for all markets. (These
Florida auction averages are further supplemented by prices for California
oranges and Texas grapefruit or the principal competing states);
Daily FOB prices for ,lorida oranges, grapefruit and tangerines by sizes and
sections supplemented by 'Cash Delivered In' prices reported by processors for
oranges, grapefruit and tangerines;
Passings Potomac Yard and Passings & Diversions Cincinnati and Russell, Ky.,
for all classes are included daily on the bulletin;
For the terminal markets, oars arrived, oars on track, cars unloaded are
tabulated daily for all citrus both Florida and competing states;
Truck receipts all classes all states are tabulated for principal terminal
markets;
Arrivals and track holdings 16 cities together with truck receipts 12 cities
are a daily feature;
Jobbing prices on nearby markets such as New Orleans and Atlanta are used
daily;
Thruout the season U.S. Crop Estimates for all classes, all states with pre-
vious comparisons are included monthly immediately upon release from Washington
D.C. at 3:00 PM*
Bimonthly U.S. Citrus Fruit Production and Utilization by Areas; Weekly Auction
Averages, all cities;
Numerous timely special features such as freeze damage, wind damage etc. are
included from time to time.

The 'backbone' of wire dissemination, daily newspaper and radio coverage on
citrus is the daily CND service, inaugurated by the Federal-State Market News
Office on Citrus in the early '30s'. By this means all essential information
namely shipments, passing and auction prices, is made immediately available
to all interested parties at a very moderate cost. (Rate set by the FOC or
Federal Communication Comnission). There are 4 CNDS daily, namely shipments
(rail, truck and boat all states, all classes) with East, West & South segre-
gation of Florida gateway passing; Potomac and Cincinnati Passings; together
with 2 auction reports consisting of detailed auction sales of Florida, Cali-
fornia and Texas citrus for 10 auction markets. Leading newspapers thruout the
State subscribe to this service and prominent radio stations further dissemi-
nate the citrus information supplied by the Lakeland office, making available
to additional hundreds or thousands.

Florida's annual citrus production is now well in the 100,000,000 box crop
bracket representing an average gross of z proximately $200,000,000 yearly for
the past five seasons. The Federal-State Market News Office supplies the basic


-15-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


data for this vast industry and makes same available at earliest possible moment.
Organizations such as the Florida Citrus Commission, The Growers Administrative
and Shippers Advisory Committees, Florida Citrus Mutual, Florida Tangerine Co-
operative and various shipping organizations use our shipment figures, both as
to type of carrier and combined as 'final' in all their compilations and as a
guide in setting up their seasons' and day to day operations The detailed dis-
tribution data, rail and truck which originate in their entirety here in the
Lakeland office receive even wider use and general acceptance in obtaining
broader and better distribution of the crop. The Florida Citrus Commission
(A State organization representing all factions, fresh and processed) bases
their annual multi-million dollar advertising camapign on detailed data origi-
nating and furnished by the Lakeland Market News Office. This distribution
data is used as evidence in determining shipping rates as determined at ICC
Hearings from time to time.

The three most important supplements to the daily information disseminated by
mail, telephone, wire, newspapers and radio are the 'Rail carlot unloads 100
cities', 'Interstate truck distribution' and annual 'Marketing Florida Citrus
Summary'. Each will be described briefly as follows

1. Citrus Unloads by months in 100 U.S. Cities and Imports 5 Canadian Cities.

Unloads are tabulated for oranges, grapefruit, tangerines and mixed citrus
from all states of origin. These 100 cities account for better than 90% of the
rail distribution for Florida citrus so consequently is very comprehensive and
representative. As s on as this information is received from Washington in
code each month, stencils are immediately cut and run with copies mailed to the
entire mailing list.

2o Truck distribution which now accounts for well over half of Florida's fresh
citrus shipments is compiled in its entirety in the Lakeland office. During
the 1953-54 season approximately 23,000,000 boxes of Florida citrus was posted,
segregated by varieties according to truck 'manifests'. Of this amount fully
one third was less than solid truck loads one variety but ranging from a few
boxes of any variety up to 200 boxes. This information is doubly valuable be-
cause similar information is not available from competing states and with this
data a most complete over-all picture of Florida's citrus distribution is im-
mediately available. In the truck distribution, 47 States, District of
Columbia and Canada are represented monthly. Thruout this area 103 cities are
listed separately. In addition the volume destined to smaller cities within
each state are simply designated 'Other Points' for each state. The result is
'pin point' distribution for any large consuming area or receiving district.
(Large cities and surrounding territory).

3. Annual Florida Citrus Summary ranging around 60 pages, compiled and assembled
entirely at the Lakeland office. Individual requests are received each year
for approximately 1000 copies This is one of the most popular releases of
the local office. It includes 4-page write-up or summary of the season; de-
tailed shipment tabulation by type of Carrier; cannery utilization; production
and disposition tablesS Seasonal unloads in 100 cities for oranges, grapefruit,
tangerines and mixed citrus from all states; truck receipts in 20 leading
markets; Seasonal inter-state truck distribution in 47 states segregated into
103 cities; weighted auction averages for oranges, grapefruit and tangerines
by markets; FOB prices; Prices Paid by Canners; Number of trees moving from
Nurseries in Florida; Certified Lime shipments and Detailed Florida Production
of Canned Citruso

VEGETABLE-MISCELLANEOUS MARKET NEWS

Special Federal-State vegetable market news offices are located in concen-
trated shipping areas or on State Farmers Markets, cooperatively operated dur-
ing the principal shipping season of the commodities common to the various sec-
tions, as at Belle Glade, Hastings, Leesburg, and on the State Farmers Markets
at Sanford, Pompano and Plant City. Summaries similar in content to the citrus
summary above outlined are released by each of the vegetable market news special
field offices following the season's operations. The base and nearby points are


-16-






STATE MARKETING BUREAU


included in f.o.b. or cash track prices, and other important areas are cover-
ed,- Florida City and Dade County, Ft. Pierce, Ft. Lyers, Gainesville, Lake
Okeechobee section, Oviedo, Palmetto, L'anatee-Ruskin, Immokalee, Zellwood,
Weirsdale, Wauchula, Webster, Sarasota, Starke, and others. The Dover straw-
berry auction was added in the Plant City reports in the 1953 season. Leased
wire service was provided the State Farmers Markets at Ft. Myers and Wauchula
during the 1953-54 season.

A special Lime-Avocado-Mango report is mailed out daily from the Jackson-
ville offices in the months July-October inclusive. At request of industry,
the basis of "packages" was changed to total "pounds" and carlot equivalents.
Also obtained data for including in reports showing totalpackage truck re-
ceipts all markets. The San Francisco market was added. These improvements
were made in 1953.

Since starting the Federal-State vegetable market news reports in the
1923-25 biennial period, a special daily miscellaneous vegetable market report
has been issued by Federal-State departments cooperating from the Bureau offices
in Jacksonville. The report carries shipment, passing, supply, demand, terminal
market and shipping point quote information. It has state-wide, blanket cover-
age, the mailing list having reached in peak seasons from 2000-2500, though
with increasing number of field offices in larger shipping areas, the Jackson-
ville release mailing list has lost several hundred names. In some instances
better mail delivery is possible from Jacksonville, the report has been estab-
lished longer period of time, it includes ALL vegetables shipped in sufficient
volume that quotes can be reported regularly, and is of particular service to
seasons starting before volume is great enough to warrant opening field report-
ing offices and after volume declines to point the expense of continuing such
offices is not justified. It is especially helpful in keeping vegetable ship-
pers in North and West Florida, outside the heavy producing areas where field
stations are maintained in season,- fully informed as to market prices and con-
ditions. The daily Federal-State miscellaneous vegetable market bulletin
mailed from Nov. 1-June 30 each season reaches all sections, serves all ship-
pers, and fills in spots not otherwise directly served by the Federal-State
field offices. It includes also the three largest cities in Florida,both
fruit and vegetable data.

The New York flower market was included in the daily Jacksonville and
Plant City releases. Arrangements were made in December 1953 to obtain Florida
gladiola shipment information from all carriers,- air, express and truck, for
administrative study and planning.

Many spot quotations are obtained for growers and shippers on products
for which regular daily service is not provided, as honey, hides, pecans, corn,
hay, syrup and miscellaneous.

Noting the two specimen reports above and considering in multiples the
citrus, non-citrus, vegetable and cut flower coverage from the numerous points
issued, some idea can be formed of the volume of market news made available
daily to the Florida agricultural industry.

The rapid expansion in our market news service required that we add
Oct. 1, 1953, an Assistant Market News Specialist to our staff in the Jack-


-17-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


sonville offices for fruit, vegetable, poultry and egg reports, daily and
annual. Also an additional stenographer Nov. 1, 1953.

ANNUAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLE REPORT

The annual report of the Bureau is based upon and would be impossible to
prepare without the extensive market news data. The 1952-53 annual report con-
sisted of 136 pages of Florida agricultural statistical information. The index
pages given here indicate the mass of material our annual fruit, vegetable and
miscellaneous report contains:

GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

CITRUS Page No.

VOLUME, VALUE AND DISPOSITION FOR 1952 1953 SEASON 6-7
FLORIDA CITRUS F.O.B. AVERAGES 1910 TO 1953 24
ORANGE,GRAPEFRUIT & TANGERINE SHIPMENTSPRODUCTION,COSTS,VALUE,ETC.,10 SEASONS 25-29
AUCTION SALES AT 10 MARKETS 1943-44 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 30
TREE TO AUCTION COSTS OR VICE VERSA FOR 3 LAST SEASONS 31
ANALYSIS OF CITRUS PRICES AND COSTS PER BOX 1931-32 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 32-33
ON TREE EQUIVALENT PRICES BY MONTHS PER 1-3/5 BU BOX:ALSO FLA CITRUS HISTORY 34-36
PRICES PAID BY CANNERS AND FRESH VOLUME PROCESSED 1942-43 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 37
INSPECTIONS BY COUNTIES FOR RAIL AND TRUCK SHIPMENTS 1952-53 SEASON 38
TRUCK PASSING THRU ROAD GUARD STATIONS BY STATIONS & MONTHS 1952-53 SEASON 38
GROVE VALUE-ACREAGE, YIELD PER ACRE AND TREE 1944-45 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 40
FLA. CITRUS F.0oB. PRICES OF INTERIOR CITRUS FRUIT BY WEEKS 1952-53 SEASON 41
CARS TO AUCTION & AVERAGE PRICE PER BOX FOR INTERIOR & INDIAN RIVER CITRUS 1942-53 42
FREIGHT RATES OF CITRUS TO AUCTION MARKETS 1952-53 HISTORY OF CITRUS PROCESSING 43
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FLORIDA CITRUS PROCESSING 43
ANNUAL PACKS BY YEARS & STATES, FROZEN & UNFROZEN 1934-35 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 44
FLA. CANNERY & PROCESSING PRODUCTION IN DETAIL 1921-22 TO 1952-53 SEASONS 45
RAIL DISTRIBUTION BY STATES 1952-53 SEASON REPRESENTED BY UNLOADS IN 105 CITIES 46
TRUCK DISTRIBUTION BY STATES 1952-53 SEASON 47
ACREAGE & PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA & OTHER STATES 1924-25 TO 1951-52 SEASONS 48
HISTORICAL LOW TEMPERATURES FOR CITRUS 132
CITRUS FORECAST OF PRODUCTION FOR 1953-54 SEASON,VEGETABLE FORECAST FALL 1953 132

VEGETABLE AND MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS

SHIPMENTS 1952-53 SEASON TRUCK PASSING BY WEEKS 22-23
AVOCADO & LIME PRODUCTION & FoOoB. VALUE 1930-53 PERSIAN LBIE INSPECTIONS1952-53 39
ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION AND VALUE 1952=53 SEASON 50-51
ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION & VALUE BY COMMODITIES & BY SFASONS 1935 TO 1953 52-56
ACREAGE-FALL, WINTER AND SPRING BY COUNTIES 1952-53 SEASON 57-60
ACREAGE-PRINCIPAL TRUCK CROPS FOR 28 SEASONS 62-63
F.O.B. SALES PRICES AT SHIPPING POINT 1952-53 SEASON 77-84
RAIL FREIGHT RATES EFFECTIVE 1952-53.CITRUS TRUCK RATES,ESTIMATED PACKAGE WEIGHTS 118-119
SHIPMENTS-TRUCK PASSING BY ROAD GUARD STATIONS AND COMMODITIES 120
SHIPMENTS-TRUCK DESTINATIONS BY STATES AND MARKETS 1952-53 SEASON 121-126
TRUCK RATES FROM FLORIDA TO IMPORTANT TERMINAL MARKETS 130-131

ALL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

SUMMARY OF THE 1952-53 SEASON 1-4
PRODUCTION AND VALUE FOR 20 SEASONS 5
DISPOSITION, ACREAGE AND VALUE FOR 1952-53 SEASON 8=9
SHIPMENTS-FREIGHT, EXPRESS, BOAT AND TRUCK 1952-53 SEASON 10-13
SHIPMENTS-FREIGHT, EXPRESS, BOAT AND TRUCK 10 SEASONS 14-17
SHIPMENTS BY COUNTIES-RAIL FREIGHT 1952-53 SEASON 18-21
FEDERAL-STATE INSPECTION FOR RAIL AND TRUCK 1952-53 SEASON 61
ACREAGE BY COUNTIES AND COMMODITIES FOR 3 LAST SEASONS 64-76

LIVESTOCK

LIVESTOCK NUMBERS BY STATES 10-YEAR COMPARISON FLORIDA WITH OTHER STATES 101
(continued)


-18-






STATE MARKETING BUREAU


LIVESTOCK (Continued) Page No.

FLORIDA RANK WITH RESPECT TO OTHER STATES CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP AND LAMBS 102
FLORIDA RANK WITH RESPECT TO OTHER STATES HORSES,MULES,CATTLE,CHICKENS,TURKEYS 103
CATTLE ON FAMS, VALUE PER HEAD, ETC., FLORIDA AND U.S.A. 104-105
CAT1LE ON FLORIDA FARMS BY CLASSES 106
FLORIDA LIVESTOCK NUMBERS BY COUNTIES, JANUARY 1, 1950 107
HOGS ON FARMS, VALUE PER HEAD, ETC., FLA. AND U.S.A. BY YEARS 1929 TO 1953 108
ROG INVENTORY FOR FLORIDA 1924 TO 1953 109
OUT-6HIPMRETS FOR 1952; ALSO CITRUS BY-PRODUCT FEEDS 1940-1952 110
SLAUGHTER RECORD BY MONTHS, NUMBER AND EIGHTS: ALSO ESTIMATED RECEIPTS 111
FLORIDA LIVESTOCK MARKET PRICES (SUBSTANTIALLY SOUTHEASTERN PRICES) 112-113
PREVENTABLE LIVESTOCK LOSSES 114-115
FLORIDA LIVESTOCK TEED FCR 1952 116
SLAUGHTER PLANTS-NAMES AND ADDRESSES 117

GENERAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS

AVERAGE PRICES RECEIVED FOR FARM PRODUCTS 8EPT.15,1953 FOR FLORIDA AND U.S. 49
ANNUAL FLA. CROP SUTO/ARY OF U.S.BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS FOR 1952 86-87
VOLUME AND VALUE OF GENERAL FARM CROPS 1920 TO 1952 SEASONS 88-89
PEANUT ALLOTMENTS-AVERAGE PRODUCTION YIELD BY FLORIDA COUNTIES 90
TOBACCO ALLOTMENT BY FLORIDA COUNTIES. SHIPMENTS ACROSS STATE LINE. 91
HONEY PRODUCTION BY STATES OR 1951; FLORIDA 1952 PRODUCTION AND VALUE 92
TURKEY PRODUCTION FOR FLORIDA A7D OTHER STATES 1940 TO 1953 93
FLORIDA TOBACCO-PRODUCTION OF FLUE CURED AND SHADE 94
FLORIDA TOBACCO-AUCTION SALES-LIVE OAK, LAKE CITY, JASPER AND HIGH SPRINGS 95
POULTRY AND EGG MARKET FOR JACKSONVILLE 1932 TO 1953 96
POULTRY AND EGG MARKET FOR TAMPA 1932 TO 1953 97
POULTRY AND EGG MARKET FOR MIAMI 1939 TO 1953 98
POULTRY AND EGG MARKET FOR ORIJADO & TALLAHASSEE;PALATKA & ST.PETE. FRYER FOB 99
COMPARISON OF JACKSONVILLE AND TAMPA AVERAGE QUOTATIONS 99
POULTRY FACTS FOR FLORIDA 100
FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL VALUE (AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES) 1939 TO 1953 127
FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL VOLUME AND VALUE (AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES) 1939 TO 1953 128

SPECIAL ARTICLES

MARKETING INFORMATION IN 1940 & 1953 BY NEIILRHODES, MARKETING CIAMISSIGMER 85
SPECIAL SU~9AARY BY MISS DENA SNODGRASS,RESEARCH ANALYST,FLA.STATE CHAMBER CO4tERCE 129

Some 2000 copies of the annual report are prepared each year. The report
is widely used by all segments of the fruit and vegetable industry, growers and
shippers, packers and processors, transportation companies and the various lines
of industry selling agricul ural equipment, various and sundry supplies and
services. Claims and disputes are often settled on the basis of our annual re-
port data, and the report is used also in litigation, tax cases, alleged con-
tract violations, and some court procedure. The F.O.B. Florida shipping point
prices, carried also in the For Sale Want and Exchange Bulletin,were used in
three different Court cases in the last season.

TBE FOR SALE WANT AND EXCHANGE BULLETIN
Entered to the mails June 2, 1919, its ori-in preceding by only four
months another old-line service,- egg quotes started Oct. 2, 1919 reviewed
above,-the For Sale, Want and Exchange Bulletin continues in service, popu-
larity and farm-hor.e us .n1i-s, 1Miling list count for Cost Ascertainrent Re-
port to Postoffice iEov. 1, 1951 showed 59,582 subscribers, Nov. 1, 1953,
66,397. At this writing the mailing list contains some 69,000 names, and by
Nov. 1, 1954 is expected to reach 70,000. Most of the circulation is within
Florida, but each issue of the Bulletin goes to many other states rnd several
foreign countries Twenty-four issues per year each feature an agricultural
marketing editorial and carry listings for bona fide farmers of seeds and plants


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NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


both ornamental and farm and grove, livestock, poultry and eggs, farm implements
and equipment, farm lands, farm and grove products, miscellaneous for sale and
wanted. The number of listings ranges from 425 to 600 per issue. The regular 4-
page issue went to 6-page size for the issue of Feb. 2, 1953, handled inciden-
tally without extra cost except for larger size sheet. In order to accommodate
increased demand for Bulletin space and prevent carryover of 50-75 listings each
issue, smaller type was used effective April 1954, relieving temporarily at
least cost for larger than regular 4-page bulletin.

Special notices were carried in the Bulletin of State lands for sale; fea-
ture notice of National Honey Week October 26-November 2, 1952, to help in mar-
keting the large honey crop; of Brahman, Angus and Hereford Fifth Annual Feeder
Calf Sale at Gainesville Sept. 3-10-12, 1953; the Camp Mc4uarie Poultry Insti-
tute; special article-notice for the State Plant Board and Florida Board of
Forestry; special notices May 15, 1954 issue for State Department of Agriculture
relating to the Florida Agricultural Bond and License Law, and the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture relating to June Dairy Months and others in the public
interest. Truly the farn rs friend, it is read estimated basis by 150,000 people,

In addition to the 4-page daily miscellaneous vegetable market report issued
November 1 through June 30, the lime-avocado-mango report daily from July 1
through October, the 2-page semi-weekly poultry and egg market report every
Tuesday and Friday, and the For Sale Want and Exchange Bulletin on the 1st and
15th of each month, all issued from the Bureau offices in Jacksonville, preparing
and releasing the Annual and other reports, other Bureau office work consists
of answering immediately on receipt the heavy mail correspondence. Every con-
ceivable type of agricultural marketing information is requested and supplied,
including inquiries routed to the Bureau from various other agencies. Telegraph
and telephone requests are given prompt clearance. The Commissioner personally
handles the greater part of the correspondence.

CLAIMS PROCEDURE

With legal and traffic experience of thirty-five years, the Commissioner
personally handles claim work which involves many products, for best moving
whether by direct demand upon the debtor, filing under the Federal Perishable
Agricultural Commodities Act, FederalProduce Agency Act, the Florida Agricultu-
ral License and Bond Law, or other State laws specifically applicable, by refer-
ence to Bureaus in other States, through attorneys under Commercial Law League
Rates aniPractices, or as the collection of each claim may best and the most
economically be undertaken, Many accounts have been collected for Florida
growers after they had exhausted all other procedures known to them

RATING GUIDES AND DIRECTORY SERVICE

Hundreds of requests to determine dealer status as to financial and
commercial responsibility are received each year. To provide service in all
lines, the Blue Book of the Producer Reporter Company, the Red Book of the New
York Packer and the Reference Book of Dun & Bradstreet are under continuous
subscription to the Department. The Bureau also subscribes for Thomas'
Directory of American Manufacturers to supply information requested for source
of supply of equipment, supplies and miscellaneous articles needed by farmers0
The Bureau library also stocks other agricultural directories.


-20-






STATE MARKETING BUREAU


DIVERSITY OF QUALIFICATIONS

It is taken for granted by the public, and possibly by those engaged in
individual specialty farming operations in Florida, that agricultural depart-
ments shall serve their various lines of agricultural pursuits. They ray not
stop to realize that very few states grow as many different kinds of products
as Florida. The Florida agricultural agency must be staffed with efficient
personnel qualified to serve individuals and groups producing commercially a
great number of widely diversified crops. It is evident by noting some of the
activities of the Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau who also handles Market-
ing Specialist duties, dairy and poultry products, that he has served multiple
segments of Florida's diversified agriculture during the current biennial
period He has attended 61 meetings of Florida producers, attended by between
14,000 and 15,000 people. Among the various organization meetings which he
attended, many times serving as guest speaker, were: the Mango and Avocado
Growers' Forum, also the South Florida Citrus, Lime, Mango and Avocado Insti-
tute; the Future Farmers State Convention; the Poultry Institute; the Farm
Bureau Convention; the conventions of the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Growers
Association; the State Beekeepers, the State Dairy Association; numerous Dairy
Calf Shows and Sales sponsored by the 4-H and F.F.A. organizations over the
State. He has attended Poultry Association meetings in all parts of the State,
from Miami to Pensaoola, and helped with their marketing problems. Served as
a member of the State Poultry Council, and of the Committee on Livestock and
Crop Show Pavilions; served on a committee representing the Commissioner of
Agriculture in preparing the budget for assistance to Shows, Fairs and Ex-
hibits, including adults and 4-H and F.F.A. activities. Assisted the Chief of
the Inspection Division of the Florida Department of Agriculture organize and
conduct Poultry and Egg Grading Schools with the assistance of the Federal
Department of Agriculture, Inspection and Grading, for training Florida in-
spectors, two in Gainesville in cooperation with the Poultry Department,
University of Florida, one in Miami, one in Tampa and one in Jacksonville. Was
chairman of Poultry and Egg Committee that conducted Merchandizing Schools for
poultry products, participants being the Poultry and Egg National Board, the
Florida Poultry Department of University of Florida, the County Agents, Home
Agents, Poultry Inspectors, and the trade,- in Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Jack-
sonville. Appeared on the program of the Convention of thelnspectors of
Florida Department of Agriculture' Talked on the functions of the Marketing
Bureau at several meetings of Civic Clubs. Took part in one television program
advertising the Florida poultry industry. Took part in at least a dozen radio
broadcasts, covering wide range of topics. Assisted in judging eggs at some
twenty 4-H and F-F.Ao Egg Shows, two State Baby Chick and Egg Shows and eleven
Fairs. Helped organize one poultry and egg marketing association and four
wholesale egg buying stations, which are grading and packing about 40,000
cases of eggs each month with a value of 6 or 7 million dollars annually. With
the cooperation of the Poultry and Egg Division, helped establish a West
Florida Market News Service on eggs, to assist a very rapid-growing West
Florida industry. Worked in cooperation with the Dairy Inspection Division of
the Florida Department of Agriculture on marketing problems, also with the
Florida Dairy Association particularly in West Florida. In cooperation with
the Poultry and Dairy Products Grading and Inspection Divisions of the U.Sc
Department of Agriculture, the Assistant Commissioner serves as Federal-State
Supervisor, providing a Federal-State grading service for these products. This
service allows dealers to secure Government certificates on poultry and dairy


-21-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


products to settle disputes as to grades, and also allows them to bid on contracts
to deliver to Federal agencies. Many eggs and dairy products are sold on this
basis by Florida dealers.

FIELD SERVICES OF SPECIALISTS

The Marketing Specialist in Livestock and Field Crops has attended and co-
operated with sponsors of Short Course for Fair Managers, Cattlemen's Field
Days, Swine Growers Field Days, Cattlemen's schools; cooperated with and given
all help possible in judging and otherwise to thePurebred Dairy Cattle Sales;
Purebred Beef Cattle Sales; West Florida Dairy Show; County, District and State
Youth Fairs and adult Fairs. He helped in making State survey to determine
amount of hay being imported by livestock men as compared to the amount of Flor-
ida nay they produced or purchased. He cooperated with farm leaders and
farmers in obtaining official Weights and Measures Department check of cer-
tain scales over which crops being harvested by the pound were weighed. Aided
farmers and cattlemen to receive Livestock, Fruit and Vegetable and Watermelon
Reports, Livestock andMeat Statistics, and other reports essential to their
keeping fully informed of market conditions. Cooperated with the State Depart-
ment of Vocational Agricultural Education in putting on Cattle Grooming Demon-
strations before Agricultural classes in Schools and at Fairs. Cooperated with
State Department for Vocational Agricultural Education for Negroes by judging
farm-product exhibits at Fairs. Attended Annual Meetings of State Cattlemen's
Association and made suggestions to that Association of ways and means of mar-
keting Florida cattle and the excess cattle production in U.S. Worked with
State Livestock Auction Markets to improve the sanitary facilities of those
markets and to prevent livestock diseases which might be incurred through mar-
ket contamination, Prepared several articles for the "For Sale, Want and Ex-
change Bulletin" on Livestock Auction Markets, Purebred Cattle Sales, and Flor-
ida Honey Week. Made talks on marketing problems to Civic Clubs, State Bee-
keepers Association, Cattlemen's Associations and Farm Bureau meetings. Visited
with as many individual livestock men, on their farms and ranches, as time would
permit, discussing and advising on marketing problems. Originated idea and
worked with organizing West Florida Cattlemen's Association, comprising Bay,
Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf and Liberty Counties. Crossed strict specialist lines
and took active part in helping market North and West Florida 1953 and 1954
melon and cucumber crops. Attended meeting and took part in establishing cash
track melon market in Bonifay for 1953 crop Sent out informational letter call-
ing attention to North and West Florida melon acreage, freight rates, diversion
points, etc., to large number of melon buyers. Worked closely with the Florida
State Beekeepers Association in supplying marketing assistance. Originated and
helped sponsor the Florida Honey Week. Assisted in marketing the Florida pecan
auction sale at Monticello, These are high lights of the activities of the
Marketing Specialist in Livestock and Field Crops, which many times crossed and
went beyond the lines of a strictly defined livestock and field crop service.

Previous mention has been made in this report of the Bureau's livestock
market news service. The responsibility and services of the Livestock Market
News Specialist whose aims and activities during the period July 1, 1952-
June 30, 1954, have advanced this project to very creditable rank, are given
mention here. Appropriate credit is given his two assistants, the Tampa re-
porter, the representative from the Range Cattle Station quoting Arcadia, the
County Agent quoting Jay, and all whose cooperation have made the service


-22-






STATE MARKETING BUREAU


possible. The Livestock Market News Specialist is a sort of field coordinator
for cooperative livestock price reporting work between the Bureau and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, whose regional agency is the AMS Livestock Office in
Thomasville, Georgia. This Federal-State set-up has the responsibility of
collecting and reporting current livestock movement, volume, prices and other
pertinent information to producers and all others interested. At present this
is based upon receipts and prices on representative livestock auction markets
in Florida. Since the U.S. Government is participating in this project, Federal
livestock market standards and grades are used, and are necessary for meaning-
ful information and statistics. The Bureau works closely with the USDA Bureau
of Agricultural Economics Statistician, Orlando, Florida, in compiling livestock
price statistics. Auction market reporting and tabulating related statistics
require additional duties of the Livestock Market News Specialist who has helped
train the full-time livestock reporters added to the Bureau's staff and those
of other agencies reporting markets for the Bureau in extending market cover-
age. He has expanded statistical information materially as a result of addition-
al markets reported; has taken an active part in feeder cattle sales, grading
demonstrations, and grade correlation (live vs. carcass) work to improve grading
efficiency; has written livestock articles for the For Sale, Want and Exchange
Bulletin (Bureau), some of which were reprinted in trade magazines, and several
especially for the Florida Cattleman and Livestock Journal; made recommenda-
tions to the USDA in Washington, concerning proposed Federal livestock grade
revisions; supplied considerable information to the USDA in the form of Florida
cattle auction receipts, prices and situations and outlook notations, outship-
ments of Florida cattle to other states, etc. Many hours of statistical record-
ing and tabulating are required to arrive at intelligent appraisals, some of
which have been of significance in Government action following overloaded mar-
kets Supplied similar data in answer to requests from other State agricul-
tural agencies, meat packers, transportation agencies, producers and others
including out-of-State prospective citizens. Has tabulated the Bureau infor-
mation on cattle prices which has been used as a basis for current analytical
studies of Florida cattle marketing by Mr. W. K. McPherson, Professor of Agri-
cultural Economics, College of Agriculture. The Livestock Market News Special-
ist in the Bureau main office quotes regularly three markets each week. The
livestock market news reporters stationed at Wauchula and Tallahassee, cover-
ing South and West Florida livestock markets, follow the same pattern of
coverage. Their work has been outstanding and appreciated by cattle interests
in the broad territory assigned to theme Quoting him: "Briefly, our aim has
been not merely to record and report livestock receipts and prices, but to be
a source of up-to-date information on Florida livestock. We are concerned
with extending the service so as to more widely disseminate current, accurate,
more complete livestock market data based on long established and widely used
Federal standards. We are anxious to aid the producer in more intelligent
marketing, and to help improve the quality of Florida livestock."

COMBINATION OFFICE AND FIELD ACTIVITY

Specialists whose duties consist mainly of outside field services, render-
ed statewide in coverage as outlined above, necessarily must handle some inside
office detail. Occasion less often requires specialists performing inside work
to also function in outside assignments. Rare indeed is the person who can
well do both without neglect of one or the other lines of service. A striking
exception is in the poultry-egg, fruit-vegetable market news division of the


-23-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


Bureau office staff, OurMarket News Specialist serving so well so long,- since
1929 has in the current and previous biennial periods "done so much for so
many" that his specialty can forego pin-pointing in this report. Instead he
prefers comment be devoted to the Assistant Market News Specialist, joining the
Bureau force October 1, 1953. The Assistant Market News Specialist fortunately
possesses to enviable degree the faculty to work inside or outside, mix and
mingle, or play solitaire with tough desk duties. The activities of the Assist-
ant FVPE Market News Specialist have been numerous and covered all phases of
the market news work-- such as compiling information for the four-page F & V
market report, for public and permanent file use, answering correspondence and
phone requests,writing articles for trade use, and quoting the egg market,
Collaborated in the preparation of the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Annual
Summary which contains many of the important agricultural statistics available
for Florida as well as a number of tabulations compiled by the Florida State
Marketing Bureau As the report takes several months to compile, type, and
multilith, it is one of the most time consuming and important responsibilities
for theMarket Reportero Wrote articles for the Florida press, among which
were: "Florida Pioneers Collection of Truck Shipments", "Florida Truck Ship-
ments Early History", "Trucks and the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Industry",
"Marketing Florida Watermelons", "A Look at Florida's Fresh Fruit and Vegetable
Marketing". Collected gladiolus shipment information during the 1953-54 sea-
son, which data will be tabulated and used in determining the gross value of
this important Florida horticultural crop, and be used as a source of general
background information for future references The Bureau here again has start-
ed "something new" and left the trenches of regular agricultural-main-crop
routine to compile necessary basic data upon an important crop outside the
"five big lines" of Florida agriculture Although the final shipments are not
complete at this writing, it appears that the volume shipped from the State
a ll be around 2400 carlot equivalents or over 500,000 hampers by rail ex-
press, truck and air. Gladiolus is generally considered a specialty crop and
is grown on a large scale in Lee, Manatee, Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River and
Brevard counties0 In Sto Johns County glads are grown in many small plots by
small grower producers as well as in larger acreg-s by specialized growers or
firms, Some acreage is also to be found in Clay, Seminole and Jackson
counties, The Assistant FVPE Markeb News Specialist, with the cooperation of
the Florida Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, has explored the field of
radio and press dissemination ofMarket News price information on a State-wide
basis; has worked out brief summaries on shipping point and city markets suit-
able for press and radio release; prepared similar poultry and egg material.
Through such activity, with the proper trade support, the Bureau can supply the
agricultural industry of Florida with valuable, current marketing information
on all commodities This Specialist has made the necessary number of field trips
to keep informed on market conditions and to learn the market news needs from
various shipping sections and segments of the trade. He held many local
interviews with the egg and poultry receivers and producers, One trip was
made to the University of Florida at Gainesville as the Bureau exchanges market
data with certain members of theUniversity staff and also receives information
for the Florida Annual Fruit and Vegetable Summary from them. During January
a field trip was mpde to visit Federal-State market news offices down state,
to better coordinate the general vegetable market news service, and shippers
were interviewed in the various sections. He also attended a Southeast Market
News conference in Atlanta, Ga., which meeting covered marketing problems, mar-
ket quotations and terminology for F & V and P & E products, and faster dissemi-


-24-






STATE MARKETING BUREAU


nation of market price information for the industry. The Assistant FVPE Market
News Specialist appraises somo of the fundamentals of one line of his market
news work quoting the egg market:

"In the reporting of markets for various products, accuracy is extremely
important regarding the segregation of commodities as to origin, types of pack-
ages, and grades of quality and condition. The fruit and vegetable trade in
Jacksonville fortunately is concentrated in areas where personal contact is
possible, whereas the egg and poultry trade is scattered throughout the city
making it necessary to collect this poultry and egg information by phone. Ex-
acting market information can be secured most accurately by personal contact,
thereby creating a greater degree of respect for the reporter and for the
material he obtains. Where it is impossible to have daily person-to-person
interviews with members of the trade and it is necessary to collect the market
information by phone, a reporter must nevertheless make personal visits from
time to time. The reporter must be able to determine the trend of the market
as shown by price fluctuations, demand, and the attitude of buyers and sellers."

THE BUREAU OFFICE FORCE

The fine work of the Bureau personnel mentioned in the foregoing depended
upon the efficient, loyal teamwork of the secretarial, clerical, general routine
office force. While naturally their work is less known to the public, without
their performance of detailed duties, the net results of field and specialized
outside activities would be woefully deficient. The foreman of the printing and
mailing room for example, with the Bureau more than a quarter-century and his
three assistants they turn out the market reports, the annual report, the For
Sale, Want and Exchange Bulletin which releases are read by an aggregate of
thousands whom they never meet personally. The stenographic, telegraphic,
book-keeping, Bulletin editing force deserve more than this passing mention in
view of their faithful, job-well-done, veteran years of service. This recogni-
tion of their service merely opens the back of the watch for a view of the
"works" behind the face design more often observed by the public.

The following taken from theNewYork Packer. issue of June 12, 1954 in im-
partial analysis of Bureau personnel, points up the underlying reason why the
Bureau force from top to bottom holds second-to-none in efficient-service
ranking position:

"Neill Rhodes, Commissioner of the Florida StateMarketing Bureau, some
way or other always shows up with just the right man for the right job when
resignations occur in his field,

"Perhaps this is due to the fact that Mr. Rhodes, who holds a political
job, just refuses to play politics when employment of key men is involved."

EVERY-DAY OFFICE ROUTINE

Conferences and in-erviews by the hundreds each year are held in the
Bureau offices with representatives in all walks of life related to agriculture.
The Commissioner or any assistant may be seen at once,- no waiting, special ad-
vance appointments or private-office barriers to prevent giving the visitor
what he wants, immediately, efficiently and courteously.


-25-







NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT


Groups frequently confer with the Bureau. The Agricultural Marketing
Class of the College of Agriculture at Gainesville visits us an average of
twice each year to become familiarized with the various and extensive services
of the Florida State Marketing Bureau, particularly market news. Professor
W. K. McPherson and his Agricultural Marketing Class of 18 boys spent an hour
in Bureau conference May 13, 1954.

Some information unavailable elsewhere is requested which may involve
special study and research to obtain. For example, several month's time was
required to make survey of the feed consumed by Florida livestock, how much of
the total was produced or manufactured in the State and most difficult of all
to determine, how much was imported. The special data were released August 1,
1953. Likewise special summaries are prepared which serve useful and some-
times emergency purpose which at the moment cannot be given public released
such for instance as special livestock data provided the U. S. Department of
Agriculture in June 1953. We have reason to believe such data were used by
the government to purchase lower grades of Florida cattle to the general
betterment of the State's cattle industry,

Only major functions of the Florida State Marketing Bureau, p riod July 1,
1952-June 30, 1954, have been detailed in the foregoing review. It is self-
evident without recapitulation here that such agency serving so many in this
its thirty-seventh year of activity would answer thousands of letters and
telegrams, receive and make hundreds of important telephone calls, and hold
numerous interviews in both office and field.

Detailed all-inclusive report of the "branch-office" type activities of
the Bureau, such as the services of the Market News Representative in Tampa,
would require pages. Quotation service for Tampa (also Miami under cooperative
arrangements) fruits, vegetables, poultry and eggs was started in 1929. The
Tampa representative in addition has covered the Lakeland Livestock Market, and
until duties required more hours than available in the working day quoted the
Arcadia Livestock Market. The Tampa representative has also made Federal-
State official inspection on dairy and poultry products in his area. As an
indication of the many duties required and services there rendered, the West
Coast Poultry Association, the Florida Agricultural Council and the State
Farm Bureau have recommended that sufficient funds be included in the next
Bureau budget to provide the Tampa Market News Representative with an assist-
ant.

Indeed this report has already exceeded the dimension limit carefully
respected during its preparation. No busy person this modern day in time
should be expected to read voluminous reports. The Bureau Biennial Reports are
sufficiently concise that those most concerned or even indirectly interested
may be relieved of burdensome pages of detail, and encouraged to read them in
whole or in essential part rather than discard them in disgust. So conclusion
shall be brief in stating only that:Our pride of the record of performance in
the past is exceeded only by our dedication to plans for sound marketing
service to Florida's agricultural industry in the future,


-26-









FINANCIAL STATEMENT
of the
FLORIDA STATE .ARKETING BUREAU

Expenditures from July 1, 1952 to June 30, 1953
PART ONE


Brought forward June 30, 1952 . . . . . . . . . $3,148.06
Appropriation for Year ending June 30, 1953 . . . . . 122,080.00
Federal Allotment Special Livestock Market News . . . . 2,750.00
Credit:Discarded equipment sold $100; Coop.Dairy Agreement $40.74 140.74

TOTAL AVAILABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . $128,118.80

Expenditures

SALARIES . . . . . . . . . . $71,731.08

NECESSARY AND REGULAR EXPENSES:

Heat, Lights, Water. . . . . $692.39

Postage . . . . . . . 5,450.94

Telephone-Telegraph c. . . . o 2,298.43

Freight, Express, Cartage . . . 225.51

Travel Commissioner and Market-
ing Specialists field duties 11,326.15

Cleaning and Laundry Services
and Supplies . . . . . 460.07

Information, Credit and other Con-
tractual Services (including Market
News and Tariff) . . . . 12,985o95

Office and Printing Supplies . . 2,759,04

Rent . . . . . . . 5,056.00

Office and Printing Equipment,
parts and repairs . . . . 2,162.23

Paper for Printing . . . . 8,570.10

Miscellaneous items . . . . 27234 $52,259.15 $123,990.23


NET APPROPRIATION BALANCE $ 4,128.57


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FINANCIAL STATEMENT
of the
FLORIDA STATE MARKETING BUREAU

Expenditures from July 1, 1953 to June 30, 1954
PART TWO


Appropriation for Year ending June 30, 1954 . . . . . $171,140.00
Federal Allotment Special Livestock Market News . . . . 2,200.00
Credit, Cooperative Dairy Agreement . . . . . . . . 57.79
TOTAL AVAILABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,397.79

Expenditures

SALARIES . . . . . . . . . $94,039.10

NECESSARY AND REGULAR EXPENSES:

Communication and Transportation of things $10,229.25


Printing Services .. . . . . .

Repairs and Maintenance . . . . .

Travel . . . . . . . . .

Utilities. . . . . . . . .

Other Contractual Services . . . .

Heating Supplies . . . . . . .

Maintenance Materials and Supplies . .

Motor Fuels and Lubricants . . . .

Office Materials and Supplies. . . .

Paper for Printing . . . . . .

Insurance and Surety Bonds . . . .

Rental of Buildings . . . . . .

Office Furniture and Equipment. . . .


BALANCE CARRIED FORWARD TO 1954-55


70.00

656.95

18,362.19

592.08

14,235.70

26.99

1,807.59

22.77

1,203.97

13,740.35

118.81

5,116.00

428.08 $70 471.73 $16451083


$8,886.96


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THE BUREAU PERSONNEL


Neill Rhodes . . . . . . . . . . . Commissioner

F. W. Risher .Assistant Commissioner--Specialist, Poultry and Dairy Products

L. T. Pendarvis. . . . . ... Specialist, Livestock and Field Crops

F. H. Scruggs . . Specialist, Market News, Vegetables, Poultry and Eggs

E. F. Scarborough. . Specialist, Market News, Vegetables, Poultry and Eggs

G. N. Rhodes . . . . . . Specialist, Livestock Market News

W. L. Jaokson . . . . . .In Charge Printing and Mailing Room

Edna G. Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary

Sadie G. Odum . . . . . . . . . . . . Stenographer

Pauline C. Seale. . . . . . . . . Stenographer

Kathryn L. Vernon . . . . . . . . . . . Stenographer

Sara Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stenographer

Caryl C. Michael. . . . . . . . . Telegrapher

Fred 0. Witt . . . . .. . . . . Mechanical Operator

H. L. Mayberry . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical Operator

Chris Georgiades . . . . . . . . . Mechanical Operator



F. L. Lothamer . . . . . . Market News Representative, Tampa

Harold C. Howze . . . . . .Market News Representative, Wauchula

Dick Stark . . . . . . Market News Representative, Tallahassee


John B. Phelps . . . Market News Representative (cooperative) Miami

M. B. Smith . . . . Market News Representative (cooperative) Orlando

F. B. Arnold . . .Market News Representative (cooperative) Tallahassee

H. E. Gooden . Market News Representative (cooperative) St.Petersburg

OFFICE HEADQUARTERS 505 W. Adams Street, Jacksonville, Florida.


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