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SANTA HOLMES JACKSONLEGEND
ES AMBIA ROSA OKALOOS CSNASSAU County boundary
IS tS-g I GADSDEN LEON HVILTON
G GSG WALTON ASHIG SG PeIu SG ADISON P Jac so Sile Gyp-s
G SGSHINT to Capital
Pensacola P SG SG ALHSUN T s JEFFE ON BAKER
BAYl SUWACNSNE G CUVLayit
SG LBRY WAKULLA TAYLOR CMB UNIO 11GClay Shell
CS CS RAD- Ti Zr
FAYETE R ST.and gravel districts GUF FRANKLIN FAETER SG SHNS
GIL- ALACHUA SK Gyp MINERAL SYMBOLS
DIXIE CHRIS CrCS PUT AM Peat LAGLER
Shell (Major producing areas)
LEVYCe Cement plant
CS MARION
FulClay Common clay
* .CS 2 SG
LAKECS Crushed stone
CIRUS Un ClayShl
CS Peat S INOLE Ful Fullers earth
SUMT Orlando
HERNANDO CS is ORANGE CSGypsum
PASCOGyp-s Synthetic gypsum
IS Industrial sand
CS Per, B EVARD G
PINELLAS at Gyp Ka Kaolin
P POLK RIVER CS Lie Lime plant
I P SG Shell V MANATEE H EEKEECHOBE ST.
Gyp Peat LUCIEa Magnesium
Gyp CLUCIEcompound plant
SG 3 DE SOTO HIGHLANDS
SG is MARINp Phosphate rock
SARASOTA SCS IS MSGI
CS
GADES PL
CS PALM Peat Peat
Shell HSRL ETE SG BEACH C
CS Perlite plant
0 Fort years SG 4 SGS-ng Sulfur (natural gas)
LEE CS
BROWARD SG Construction sand
0 100 Kilometers CS and gravel
IICOLLIER SCmShl Sel
* Miamni Steel Steel plant
MONROTi Titanium minerals
Vm Vermiculite plant
Zr Zirconium
- Concentration of
S Cmineral operations
Source: Florida Geological SurveylU.S. Geological Survey (2002) *
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Florida Geological Survey for collecting information on all nonfuel minerals.
In 2002, the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production increase) (table 1). These increases, however, were not enough
for Florida rose to about $2.02 billion, based upon preliminary to offset the significant drop in phosphate rock production U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data. This was a more than and value and smaller decreases in the value of rutile and
12% increase from that of 20012 and followed a slight 1% masonry cement that led to the State's small decrease for the
decrease in 2001 from that of 2000. The State increased in rank year. Fertilizer producers in Florida and North Carolina were to fourth from fifth among the 50 States in total nonfuel mineral affected by lower export sales and prices, which resulted from production value, of which the State accounted for more than the opening of new phosphoric acid and diammonium phosphate
5.5% of the U.S. total. (DAP) plants in Asia. Weak market conditions led to reduced
Florida continued to lead the Nation in phosphate rock production from phosphate rock mines and phosphoric acid
mining in 2002, producing about seven times as much as the plants in 2001. One mine in Florida closed permanently in
next highest producing State. Phosphate rock is produced in August 2000 because of market conditions; the company began
only four States. In terms of value, phosphate rock, crushed using phosphate rock imported from Morocco at its fertilizer
stone, cement (portland and masonry), and construction sand plant. Since mid-1999, four mines have closed in Florida as
and gravel continued to be the most important raw nonfuel part of corporate restructuring programs and the depletion of
mineral commodities produced in Florida. The dollar value reserves. Overall, production in the Florida-North Carolina
of these four mineral commodities plus titanium concentrates region during 2001 was 77% of rated annual capacity.
(ilmenite and rutile) represented about 94% of the State's total Based upon USGS estimates of the quantities produced in
nonfuel mineral value. In 2002, substantial increases in the the 50 States in 2002, Florida continued to be the only State
value of phosphate rock and crushed stone, having a combined to produce rutile concentrates and staurolite. It remained first
total increase of about $200 million, accounted for most of in rank in the production of phosphate rock and peat, first of
the increase for the year. Increased production and values of two States producing ilmenite concentrates and zirconium
cement and construction sand and gravel bolstered gains as concentrates, third in magnesium compounds, fifth in fuller's
did a small increase in zirconium concentrates. A relatively earth, and seventh in portland cement. Florida led the States
small drop in the value of peat accounted for the largest single in the production of masonry cement (second in 2001) and decrease (table 1). rose to second from third in the production of crushed stone.
In 2001, many nonfuel minerals increased in production and Additionally, Florida produced significant quantities of
value. Crushed stone was up $20 million, and portland cement construction and industrial sand and gravel.
was up about $9 million; titanium (ilmenite) concentrates, The Florida Geological Surveys (FGS) provided the following
zirconium concentrates, peat, and both construction and narrative information. The greatest portion of Florida's
industrial sand and gravel increased (in descending order of nonfuel mineral production value came from the production of
phosphate rock, which accounted for about 75% of the Nation's
1The terms "nofuel mineral production" and related "values" encompass 2002,cmor an 27 millin mr tosdof posphteock wa variations in meaning, depending upon the minerals or mineral products.
Produciton may be measured by mine shipments, mineral commodity sales, or extracted from 1,968 hectares (ha) of land (Florida Phosphate marketable production (including consumption by producers) as is applicable to Council, 2003 4). Other important commodities included clay, the individual mineral commodity. crushed limestone, heavy-minerl sands, masonry and portland
All 2002 USGS mineral production data published in this chapter are
preliminary estimates as of July 2003 and are expected to change. For some cement, and peat. mineral commodities, such as construction sand and gravel, crushed stone, and The Mine Safety and Health Administration reported that portland cement, estimates are updated periodically. To obtain the most current 6,728 persons were employed in Florida's surface mining information, please contact the appropriate USGS mineral commodity specialist. operations in 2002 this number does not account for contractors Specialist contact information may be retrieved over the Internet at URL http:
/minerals.usgs.gov/ minerals/contacts/comdir.html; alternatively, specialists' who may be working for some operators. The limestone names and telephone numbers may be obtained by calling USGS information industry employed 2,504 workers, while the phosphate rock at (703) 648-4000 or by calling the USGS Earth Science Information Center industry employed 2,071 workers. The remainder of the at 1-888-ASK-USGS (275-8747). All Mineral Industry Surveys-mineral workforce was employed at cement operations, clay mining commodity, State, and country-also may be retrieved over the Internet at URL
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals.
2Values, percentage calculations, and rankings for 2001 may differ from the 3Steven Spencer, Coastal/Economic Geologist, authored the text ofthe State Minerals Yearbook, Area Reports: Domestic 2001, Volume II, owing to the mineral industry information provided by the Florida Geological Survey revision of preliminary 2001 to final 2001 data. Data for 2002 are preliminary 4References that include a section mark ( ) are found in the Internet and are expected to change; related rankings may also change. References Cited section.
FLORIDA-2002 11.1
operations, heavy-mineral sands facilities, and sand and gravel Environmental Issues and Reclamation compares. From July 1, 1975, to Dec. 31, 2002, approximately 67,900
Exploration and Development ha had been mined for phosphate. Mandatory reclamation
regulations went into effect July 1, 1975. Since 1975, 70%
In 2002, the FGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Minerals of the land mined for phosphate has been reclaimed (Florida Management Service (MMS), completed a study of the geologic Phosphate Council, 2003 ). processes and parameters affecting the shore and near-shore Phosphate companies actively mining and having reclamation zones within the coastal area and the identified and undiscovered responsibility at yearend included Cargill Fertilizer, Inc.; CF offshore sand resources available for beach replenishment. The Industries, Inc.; IMC Phosphates MP Inc.; and PCS-Phosphates area studied comprised shallow sediments in Federal waters Co., Inc. The following companies are no longer operating but off Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie, and Martin Counties from continue to have reclamation responsibility: Agrifos L.L.C.,
5 kilometers (km) to approximately 16 km offshore and the Brewster Phosphates, Estech, Florida Power Co., Exxon/Mobil sediments on the beaches immediately adjacent to that area. Co., Nu Gulf Industries Inc., TECO, USS Agrichemicals, and The findings are included in a 5-year annual report. The report The Williams Co. describes extensive new beach-quality sand deposits, including In 2002, 37 applications for Environmental Resource Permits more than 18 million cubic meters of potential reserves off St. (ERP) (excluding phosphate) were approved for more than Lucie County, which were found through a program of site- 6,900 ha. Mine expansions and modifications were included specific vibrocoring. The report is available on the MMS Web in this total. The Florida Department of Enviromental site at http://www.mms.gov or on CD-ROM from the FGS. Protection (FDEP) issued an Intent for an ERP and Conceptual
Reclamation Plan for the proposed IMC Phosphates Ona Mine
Commodity Review in Hardee County. An administrative hearing is scheduled for
September 2003 because of a challenge to the Intent.
Industrial Minerals In 2002, FDEP issued an Intent for an ERP for an extension
of the IMC Ft. Green Mine. A challenge to the Intent resulted
Cargill Fertilizer bought Farmland Hydro L.P.'s chemical in a 5-week administrative hearing and an administrative law
complex in Polk County and the proposed Farmland Hardee judge ruling in favor of the Department. One of the challenging
County Phosphate Mine in early November 2002. Martin parties entered into a settlement agreement with IMC, while
Marietta Materials Inc. signed a mining services agreement with another is appealing the ruling. Limerock Industries Inc. that allows it to operate three limestone quarries in north Florida (Pit & Quarry, 2002 ). The primary Governmental Programs quarry is located near Perry, FL.
High-purity limestone was used to manufacture portland and A State senator proclaimed February 6, 2002, as Mining masonry cement. Florida was a major producer and consumer Day at the State Capitol. Twenty-one mining companies of both types of cement in 2002. Although limestone was mined displayed products and discussed mining issues with legislators, at several locations throughout the State, cement was produced colleagues, and visitors. The Florida Limerock and Aggregate only in Hernando, Dade, and Alachua Counties. Institute organized the event and planned to make it an annual
In the clay industry, Active Minerals Co. acquired the mining affair.
lease for the Fletcher-Meginniss fuller's earth mine from Oil-Dri The FGS finished field mapping the western portion of the Corp. of Georgia. Active Minerals Corp., which is owned by USGS 1:100,000 Marianna Quadrangle and completed the final ITC Industries, plans to reopen and expand the mine. Fuller's maps and cross sections for the same area. The completed maps earth, common clay, and kaolin were mined at a few locations in and cross sections are available as part of the FGS Open-File Florida. Fuller's earth, typically used as an absorbent material, Map Series (OFMS 91), which is part of an ongoing cooperative was mined in Gadsden and Marion Counties; kaolin, often used effort through the STATEMAP component of the USGS in the manufacture of paper and refractories, was mined in National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. Putnam County. Common clay was mined in small quantities The FGS Web site is on the Internet at URL http:/
from various locations throughout the State and used in the www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/. Some of the new publications manufacture of lightweight aggregates. there include a geologic map of the State, a report on marine
Heavy-mineral sand mines continued to be operated by El. sand resources of Florida's Gulf of Mexico, a poster on
du Pont de Nemours and Company Inc. and Iluka Resources, protecting Florida's springs, a poster on Florida's industrial
Inc. in Baker, Clay, and Putnam Counties. Ilmenite, rutile, minerals, and an open-file report on granulometry. zircon, and leucoxene were the primary minerals of interest
in the sand deposits of this region. Ilmenite and rutile are the Internet References Cited primary ingredients in the manufacture of titanium dioxide
pigments, which, in turn, are used in the manufacture of paint, Florida Phosphate Council, 2003, 2002 Florida phosphate facts, accessed August plastics, paper, varnish, and lacquers. 7, 2003, at URL http: o www.flaphos.org facts2002.pdf.
Pit & Quarry, 2002 (August 26), Martin Marietta Materials announces
transactions in Texas, Florida, Iowa, accessed August 7, 2003, at URL http:
twww.pitandquarrycomspitandquarryarticlearticleDetailjsp?id29844.
11.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK2002
TABLE 1
NONFUEL RAW MINERAL PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA1'2
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
2000 2001 2002P
Mineral Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Cement:
Masonry 546 64,900 e 556 62,600 e 610 e 69,000
Portland 3,750 285,000 e 4,060 294,000 e 4,130 e 299,000
Clays:
Common W W 94e 1,280e 94e 1,280e
Fuller's earth W W 334 e 22,200 e 334 22,200
Kaolin 33 3,420 32 3,380 31 3,500
Gemstones NA 1 NA 1 NA 1
Peat 416 8,640 544 11,300 546 9,800
Sand and gravel:
Construction 24,500 107,000 24,800 109,000 26,000 116,000
Industrial 510 6,320 598 7,510 524 8,020
Stone, crushed 93,000 495,000 95,100 515,000 104,000 595,000
Combined values of magnesium compounds,
phosphate rock, staurolite, titanium concentrates,
zirconium concentrates, and values indicated
by symbol W XX 848,000 XX 770,000 XX 896,000
Total XX 1,820,000 XX 1,800,000 XX 2,020,000
eEstimated. PPreliminary. NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; value included with "Combined values" data.
XX Not applicable.
Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumption by producers).
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
TABLE 2
FLORIDA: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED, BY KIND
2000 2001
Number Quantity Number Quantity
of (thousand Value Unit of (thousand Value Unit
Kind quarries metric tons) (thousands) value quarries metric tons) (thousands) value
Limestone2 85 89,200 $472,000 $5.29 78 92,100 $497,000 $5.39
Dolomite 5 2,280 15,900 7.00 5 1,820 12,500 6.87
Shell 5 1,460 6,980 4.77 4 1,160 6,060 5.24
Total or average XX 93,000 495,000 5.33 XX 95,100 515,000 5.42
XX Not applicable.
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes limestone-dolomite reported with no distinction between the two.
FLORIDA-2002 11.3
TABLE 3
FLORIDA: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 2001, BY USE
Quantity
(thousand Value Unit
Use metric tons) (thousands) value
Construction:
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch):
Macadam W W $5.79
Riprap and jetty stone 105 $762 7.26
Filter stone 88 594 6.75
Other coarse aggregates 58 506 8.72
Total or average 251 1,860 7.42
Coarse aggregate, graded:
Concrete aggregate, coarse 9,050 57,100 6.31
Bituminous aggregate, coarse W W 6.31
Bituminous surface-treatment aggregate W W 4.85
Other graded coarse aggregates 8,160 56,800 6.96
Total or average 17,200 114,000 6.62
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch):
Stone sand, concrete 2,230 15,400 6.92
Stone sand, bituminous mix or seal W W 7.62
Screening, undesignated 3,100 23,900 7.72
Other fine aggregates 3,740 30,200 8.09
Total or average 9,070 69,600 7.67
Coarse and fine aggregates:
Graded road base or subbase 14,200 57,700 4.06
Crusher run or fill or waste 3,280 13,000 3.97
Other coarse and fine aggregates 4,730 21,600 4.56
Total or average 9,070 92,300 4.16
Other construction materials 825 3,530 4.28
Agricultural limestone 214 1,470 6.85
Chemical and metallurgical:
Cement manufacture (2) (2) 3.95
Lime manufacture (2) (2) 4.96
Special, other fillers or extenders (2) (2) 5.87
Other miscellaneous uses and specified uses not listed (2) (2) 7.91
Unspecified:3
Reported 31,100 167,000 5.37
Estimated 11,000 52,000 4.76
Total or average 42,100 219,000 5.21
Grand total or average 95,100 515,000 5.42
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other." 1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown. 2Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data, included in "Grand total." 3Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
11.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK-2002
TABLE 4
FLORIDA: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 2001, BY USE AND DISTRICT
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
District 1 District 2 District 3
Use Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Construction:
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch)2 W W W W W W
Coarse aggregate, graded3 W W W W 1,880 18,700
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch)4 W W W W 1,710 13,400
Coarse and fine aggregate5 514 3,530 5,910 23,700 1,340 6,840
Other construction materials
Agricultural6 W W W W W W
Chemical and metallurgical7 -- -- -- -- W W
Specials W W -- -- W W
Other miscellaneous uses and specified uses not listed -- -- W W -Unspecified:9
Reported 1,030 4,870 2,260 10,800 8,450 44,600
Estimated 1,900 9,200 1,900 8,900 4,800 24,000
Total 4,000 26,000 10,600 48,200 20,300 117,000
District 4
Quantity Value
Construction:
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch)2 229 1,500
Coarse aggregate, graded3 14,600 85,300
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch)4 W W
Coarse and fine aggregates5 14,400 58,200
Other construction materials 825 3,530
Agricultural6
Chemical and metallurgical7 W W
SpecialOther miscellaneous uses and specified uses not listed (10) (10)
Unspecified:9
Reported 19,300 107,000
Estimated 2,500 11,000
Total 60,200 324,000
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total." -- Zero.
Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes filter stone, macadam, riprap and jetty stone, and other coarse aggregates.
3Includes bituminous aggregate (coarse), bituminous surface-treatment aggregate, concrete aggregate (coarse), and other graded aggregates.
4Includes screening (undesignated), stone sand (bituminous mix or seal) stone sand (concrete), and other fine aggregates.
Includes crusher run (select material or fill), graded road base or subbase, and other coarse and fine aggregates.
6Includes agricultural limestone.
7Includes cement manufacture and lime manufacture.
8Includes ofther fillers or extenders.
Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
10Less than 1/2 unit.
FLORIDA-2002 11.5
TABLE 5
FLORIDA: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 2001, BY MAJOR USE CATEGORY
Quantity
(thousand Value Unit
Use metric tons) (thousands) value
Concrete aggregates and concrete products 3,180 $14,400 $4.53
Plaster and gunite sands 286 1,700 5.94
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures W W 3.31
Road base and coverings W W 4.07
Fill 1,310 2,590 1.98
Other miscellaneous uses3 736 2,630 3.57
Unspecified:
Reported 13,500 65,000 4.81
Estimated 5,800 22,000 3.83
Total or average 24,800 109,000 4.40
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other miscellaneous uses."
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes road and other stabilization (lime).
3Includes filtration.
4Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
TABLE 6
FLORIDA: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 2001, BY USE AND DISTRICT
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)
District 1 District 2
Use Quantity Value Quantity Value
Concrete aggregates and concrete products W W W W
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and road base materials -- -- W W
Fill 225 502 565 646
Other miscellaneous uses 1,190 6,860 8,790 43,800
Unspecified:4
Reported W W W W
Estimated 1,600 6,200 2,500 9,600
Total 3,060 13,600 11,800 54,000
District 3 District 4
Quantity Value Quantity Value
Concrete aggregates and concrete products W W W W
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and road base materials -- -- -- -Fill 303 801 219 640
Other miscellaneous uses 2,610 10,600 785 3,770
Unspecified:4
Reported 5,950 25,200 -- -Estimated W W W W
Total 8,870 36,500 1,000 4,410
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Other miscellaneous uses." -- Zero.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes plaster and gunite sands.
3Includes filtration.
4Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.
11.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK-2002
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