The Mineral industry of Florida ( FGS: Information circular 91 )

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Preprint from the 1975


BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS YEARBOOK






The Mineral Industry of Florida


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
























UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary
BUREAU OF MINES


This publication Is a chapter from the current Bureau of
Mines Minerals Yearbook, comprising Volume I, Metals,
Minerals, and Fuels; Volume II, Area Reports: Domestic;
Volume III, Area Reports: Internatfonal. The separate vol-
umre of the Yearbook are sold by the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.








The Mineral Industry of Florida



This chapter has been prepared under a cooperative agreement between the Bureau of
Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Florida Bureau of Geology.


By John W. Sweeney and Charles W. Hendry Jr.2


The value of mineral production in Flor-
ida increased from $1.04 billion in 1974 to
$1.78 billion in 1975, principally owing to
increases in the value of crude petroleum,
natural gas, and phosphate rock.
Of the 48.9 million tons of phosphate
rock produced in the United States, Flor-
ida and North Carolina produced 40.7 mil-
lion. Florida was the predominant producer
and for the 82d consecutive year supplied
more than any other State. The State
ranked first in the value of fuller's earth,
first in the value of titanium concentrates,


and fourth in the value of peat. Staurolite
was produced only in Florida. Florida and
North Carolina supplied 83% of the do-
mestic phosphate rock market and 90% of
the exports from the United States. Phos-
phate rock was exported from the ports
of Tampa, Boca Grande, and Jacksonville.
The principal recipients were Canada, Ja-
pan, and Mexico.

SState Liaison Officer, Bureau of Mines, Tal-
lahassee. Fla.
m Chief, Bureau of Geology, Florida Depart-
ment of Natural Resources.


Table 1.-Mineral production in Florida'


1974 1975
Quan Value Quantity Value
Quantity (thousands) uantity (thousands)


Cement:
Masonry -----------------.thousand short tons-.
Portland ...--------------------------do---
Clays --------------------------------------.do..
Lime -------------------------------------
Natural gas -------------------million cubic feet-.
Peat -----..-. --.. --------....thousand short tons--
Petroleum (crude) ---... thousand 42-gallon barrels-.
Titanium concentrates (rutile) ---. -----short tons..
Sand and gravel -----.. -----..thousand short tons.-
Stone ----......--------------------------.do....
Value of items that cannot be disclosed:
Clays (kaolin, 1974), magnesium compounds,
natural gas liquids, phosphate rock, rare-earth
metals, etaurolite, stone (shell (1974) and
dimension), titanium concentrates (ilmenite),
zircon concentrates, and values indicated by
symbol W .-----------------.--------------
Total -------------------------
Total 1967 constant dollars -----. -----------


285 $4,787 W W
2,562 75,188 1,721 $62,525
808 14,261 712 17,068
185 6,816 199 7,708
38,187 20,441 44,888 48,185
67 616 82 1,087
86,851 851,881 41,877 490,258
6,446 996 W W
24,872 88,400 18,287 20,199
54,560 100,878 89,071 78,872


487,287
1,048,895
498,658


1.060.153
1,775,500
P 703,098


Mineral


P Preliminary. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included
with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed." XX Not applicable.
1 Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including con-
sumotlon by producers).
Excludes kaolin; Included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed."
Excludes dimension stone and shell; included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed."


. ..


....






2 MINERALS YEARBOOK. 1975


Table 2.-Value of mineral production in Florida, by county1
(Thousands)

county 1974 1975 Minerals produced in 1975' in
County 1974 1895 order of value


Alaehua -------------------- $3,245 $2,404
Bay ----------------------------- W 474
Bradford ------------------------- W W
Brevard --------------------- W W
Broward ------------- ----- 22,558 11,098
Calhoun ------------------------W --
Citrus ---------------------- 1,828 1,881
Clay ----------------------------- W 80,556

Collier -------------------------- 6.008 2,884
Dade --------------------------- 87,767 65,148
De Soto ----------------------- W-
Dixie ------------------------ --. W
Eacambia ----------------------- W 759
Franklin ------------------------ W
Gadsden ------------------------ 12,794 W
Glads ----------------------- W W
Gulf ----------------------------- W W
Hamilton ------------------------ W W
Hendry ..------------------------- W W
Hernando ------------------------ 23,186 W
Highlands ---------------------- W 358
Hillsborough ------------------- W W
Jackson ----------------------.--- W W
Lake ------------------------- 3,869 2,925
Lee --------------------------- W W
Len ---------------------------- W W
Levy ------------------ 247 290
Manatee ------------------------- W W
Marion ------------------------ 5.133 6,092

Martin -------------..----------. W
Monroe -------------------------. 1,298 881
Nassau ------------------------ W
Okalooaa ------------------- W W
Okeechobee ----------------- --- W W
Orange ------------------ ---- W W
Palm Beach ------------------- W W
Pasco ----------------------- 611 343
Pinellas -----.-------------------- W W
Polk ---------------------------- 355,028 W
Putnam ------------------------- 2,749 2,079
St. Lucie ------------------------ 83 W
Santa Rosa ----.-------.--.-- --.... W

Sarasota ------------------------- W W
Sumter ------------------------- 7,904 W
Suwannee --------------------- W 2,643
Taylor ...-------.------------.... W 578
Wakulla --------------------- -- 1
Walton ---- --------------- W 269
Washington ---------------------- W
Undistributed --- ------------ 509.298 1,644,841
Total ------------ ----- 1,048,895 1,775,500


W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undis-
tributed."
1 The following counties are not listed because no production was reported: Baker, Charlotte,
Columbia, Duval, Flagler, Gilchrist, Hardee, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Liberty.
Madison. Osceola, St. Johns. Seminole, Union, and Volusia. County data for petroleum and natural
gas are not available; included with "Undistributed."
2 Includes values of counties indicated by symbol W and petroleum and natural gas values.
SData may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.


Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gas liquids.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.

Stone, phosphate rock.
Zircon, ilmenite, rutile, sand and
gravel, staurolite, clays, monazite.
Stone.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Magnesium compounds, lime.
Phosphate rock.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, lime, clays.
Peat.
Cement, sand and gravel, stone,
peat.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Cement, stone.
Stone, clays, sand and gravel, phos-
phate rock.

Stone.
Titanium, zircon, monazite.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel, peat.
Stone.
Do.
Do.
Phosphate rock, sand and gravel,
peat, stone.
Sand and gravel, clays, peat.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, lime, peat.
Stone.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Do.





THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA


.....Table 3.--Indicators of Florida business activity


1974


1975 Change,
percent


Employment and labor force, annual average:
Total labor force --------------------------thousands-_ 8,226.0 3,472.0 +7.6
Unemployment ----------------------------------do.... 208.0 370.0 +77.9
Employment (nonagricultural) :
Mining ------------------------------------do.... 10.8 11.0 +-1.9
Manufacturing ----------------------------. do-.-- 369.0 327.7 -11.2
Contract construction -----------------------do-..- 267.2 171.1 -36.0
Transportation and public utilities .---------- do.... 190.7 181.4 -4.9
Wholesale and retail trade ------------------do.... 747.0 719.4 -3.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate ----------.do..-- 196.6 189.9 -3.4
Services -------------------------------..-- do-.... 578.3 581.0 +.5
Government ------------------------------do--... 510.1 548.0 +7.4
Total nonagricultural employment ----------do-... 2,869.7 2,729.5 -4.9
Personal income:
Total -----------------------------------millions $43,742 $47,055 +7.6
Per capital ----------------------------- ---- $,406 $5,638 +4.3
Construction activity:
Number of private and public residential units authorized- 110,794 47,989 -56.7
Value of nonresidential construction----------- millions $1,208.0 $802.3 -33.6
Value of State road contract awards -------------do-... $369.0 $180.0 -51.2
Shipments of portland and masonry cement to and within
the State --------------- thousand short tons- 5,327 3,404 -36.1
Mineral production value:
Total crude mineral value .------------------millions- $1,043.9 $1,775.5 +70.1
Value per capital, resident population --------------- $128.89 $214.51 +66.4
Value per square mile ------------------------------- $17,826.08 $30,319.33 +70.1


P Preliminary.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of
struction Magazine, and U.S. Bureau of Mines.


The Uranium Recovery Corp. facilities Gulf Stee
at Mulberry, to recover uranium from struct its n
wet-process phosphoric acid, were cor- miles west c
pleted and were being readied for produc- ture structu
tion, structural rn
Construction at the Florida Power Corp. ucts.
Crystal River nuclear powerplant was .re- In 1975
sued. The 825-megawatt plant originally bama, Floi
was to go into service in 1972, but was de- (MAFLA (
played due to money shortages, regulatory 1973, 15
snarls, and material and labor shortages. coast of Fl
The new completion date was the .fall of Eight of th
1976. Dome, loca
Choctowhal
A Solar Energy Research Center was handle. Th
established at Cape- Canaveral. It is antic ode h
ipated that the Center will make Florida to tdue h
a leader in the use of solar energy and be- which her
come a testing center for solar energy de- Mobil Oil
vices. The Center was started July 1, 1975. fining Co.
Tampa Electric Co. (TECO), along lease bonus
with 15 other utilities, made a $1 billion ture on w]
bid to purchase Peabody Coal Co. TECO's seven dry i
portion of the purchase would amount to at a reduce
$40 million, or 4%, if the proposal is ap- Exxon C
proved by the Federal Trade Commission. of 15,000
Ashland,, Oil Co.. acquired 14,500 acres 89,000 bar
;in St. Lucie County where-it proposes to Rosa Cour
build an inland oil refinery with a capacity water inje
of 250,000 barrels per day. mence in tl


Labor, Highway and Heavy Con-



1 Corp. announced it will con-
ew plant at Quincy about 20
)f Tallahassee. It will manufac-
iral steel, steel girders, trusses,
reinforcing steel, and other prod-

following the Mississippi, Ala-
rida Outer Continental Shelf
OCS) lease sale of December
eells were drilled off the west
orida, all of which were dry.
ese were located in the Destin
ted 30 to 70 miles south of
tchee Bay in the Florida pan-
e failure of this structure to
irocarbons was a severe setback
right-spot" seismic technique,
proved fallible. Exxon Corp.,
Jorp., and Chaplin Oil and Re-
had ventured $530 million on
es for five tracts on the struc-
hich they subsequently drilled
ioles. Exploration is continuing
id level.
orp. produced oil at a daily rate
barrels at Blackjack Creek and
rels at Jay field, both in Santa
ty. Pressure maintenance, via
action, was scheduled to com-
he Blackjack Creek field during





MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1976


1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

Figure I.-Value of stone, petroleum, and total value of mineral production in Florida.


the summer of 1975. A similar program
begun at Jay in 1973 responded success.
fully, as measured by production and re-
servoir pressures to date.
A moratorium on oil exploration in the
Ocala National Forest was lifted by the
Interior Department, and Amoco Produc-
tion Co. drilled two exploratory wells with
no traces of oil or gas.
legislation and Government Programs,
A. T. Kearney, Inc., prepared a report
for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as-
sensing the benefits of the Cross Florida
Barge Canal. The Kearney study showed
average annual transportation benefits of
$8.6 million, compared to $7,23 million


calculated by the Corps of Engineers in
1962; traffic would total 5.1 million tons
during the canal's first year of operation
and would increase to 10.9 million tons in
50 years, which may not be enough to
justify completion. The Kearney study was
restricted to transportation; other segments
on flood control and recreation are under
study and may change the cost-benefit
relationship in favor of completion.
Secretary of the Interior Thomas S.
Kleppe directed that a 2-year study be
conducted to determine what potential ef-
fect phosphate mining in the Osceola Na-
tional Forest would have upon the area's
water and wildlife.





THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA


The Corps of Engineers announced the
first phase of a $120 million, 40-mile-long
harbor-deepening project. The project will
deepen the Tampa Channel from its cur-
rent 34 feet to 43. feet.
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) released Technical Note
ORP/CSD-75-4 Preliminary Findings Ra-
don Daughter Levels in Structures Con-
structed on Reclaimed Florida Phosphate
Land, which suggests that prolonged ex-
posure to radon daughters could double
the incidence of lung cancer. The EPA
emphasized that the findings presented in
its report were preliminary and require
substantial (at least 1 year) additional
study before the overall radiological im-
pact can be ascertained. It is the belief of
EPA and the Division of Health, Florida
Department of Health and Rehabilitative
Service officials that there is no imminent
danger to the public health and that
studies, rather than precipitous action, are
indicated.
The 1975 Florida Legislature passed a
mandatory surface mine reclamation act
(Ch. 75-40, Laws of 1975). This act was
effective July 1, 1975, and modified the
Florida Severance Tax Act of 1971 (Ch.
211, Part II, Florida Statutes). The 1975
act imposes mandatory reclamation of
lands subject to the severance tax. Such
tax shall be 5% of the value at the point
of severance. The bill allows for a tax
credit for ad valorem payments. The re-
mainder of the tax is paid into the State
treasury, 50% to the credit of the general
revenue fund of the State and 50% to the
credit of a land reclamation trust fund.
Each taxpayer shall institute and complete
a reclamation and restoration program
upon each site of severance in accordance
with criteria adopted by the Department
of Natural Resources.
Upon completion of reclamation or in
lieu thereof by deeding title of mined
lands to the State, a severance taxpayer
Would be entitled to a refund of up to 50%
of the severance tax paid.
The Florida Bureau of Geology promul-
gated rules and regulations to achieve the
maximum reclamation of land disturbed
by surface mining to carry out the purpose
of the 1975 surface mine reclamation act.
In 1975, the legislature, at the request
of the Governor, consolidated the functions
of the Office of Petroleum Allocation and


Energy Conservation and the Florida
Energy Data Center into the State Energy
Office under the Department of Adminis-
tration (Ch. 75-256, Laws of 1975). Sev-
eral reports on energy were published.'
The 1975 Florida Legislature passed the
Local Government Comprehensive Plan-
ning Act of 1975. Under the act, every
county and municipality in the State will
have to prepare and adopt a comprehen-
sive plan before July 1, 1979. If a city does
not adopt a plan by that date, it shall be
governed by the plan for the county in
which it is situated. If the county does not
adopt a plan by the 1979 date, the State
land planning agency will prepare the plan
for the county, and the Administration
Commission shall have the authority to
adopt it. The plan will require the follow-
ing: (1) a future land use element, (2) a
traffic circulation element, (3) a general
sanitary sewer, solid waste, drainage, and
potable water element, (4) a conservation
clement, (5) a recreation and open space
element, (6) a housing element, (7) a
coastal zone protection element, (8) an in-
tergovernmental coordination element, and
(9) a utility element.
A cooperative research project to de-
velop methods of dewatering phosphatic
clay slimes, funded jointly by the Federal
Bureau of Mines and the Florida Phosphate

Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc. Solar Energy
Utilization in Florida (prepared for Florida
Energy Committee). June 1976, 69 pp.
Florida Energy Committee. Energy Law In
Florida. May 197B, 80 pp.
Florida Energy Data Center (Department of
Administration). Monthly Florida Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Production: September, 1948
through March, 1075. June 1976, 44 pp.
SStatistics of the Florida Electrical
Utility Industry 1960 through 1974. April 197,.
114 pp.
Florida Energy Office (Department of Ad-
ministration). Florida Energy Consumption Sta-
tistics 1968-1974. December 1975, 8 pp.
Florida State University, Department of Ur-
ban and Regional Planning, and Department of
Geography, University of South Florida. Florida
Coastal Policy Study Input of Offshore Oil De-
velopment (prepared for the Florida Energy Of-
fice). December 1075, 278 pp.
Florida State University, Florida Resources
and Environmental Analysis Center. Patterns
of Energy Consumption in Florida: 1960-1972.
June 1975, 461 pp.
University of Florida, Center for Govern-
mental Responsibility, Holland Law Center. En-
ergy: The Power of the States (prepared for
Florida Energy Committee). January 1975, 288
pp.
University of West Florida. The Role of En-
ergy In Solid Waste Utilization and Disposal
(prepared for Florida Energy Committee). May
1976, 242 pp.






MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975


Council, representing 10 phosphate rock
mining companies, continued through
1975. The Bureau of Mines programs un-
der the project were conducted by the
Tuscaloosa (Ala.) Metallurgy Research
Laboratory. During the year, gel forma-
tion of phosphate slimes, electrochemistry
of fine particles, effects of reagents on de-
watering slimes, and scanning electron
microscope studies were carried out. Re-
search grants at Auburn University to
promote channeling in a continuous grav-
ity sedimentation process and at Florida
State University to investigate the distribu-
tion of minerals in settled slimes using
scanning electron microscope techniques
were funded through the project. Several
field tests, evaluating sand-spraying tech-
niques, flocculation, and sand drains, were
evaluated during the year. A bibliography
and characterization studies on the slimes
project were published.'
The Bureau's Albany (Oreg.) Metal-
lurgy Research Center continued its pro-
gram on direct acidulation of Florida phos-
phate matrix. Preliminary data indicated
that 92% to 96% of the POs content of
the matrix is recoverable, and the PsO,
concentration in the product acid ranged
from 21% to 30%. The waste filter cake
appeared suitable for use in land reclama-
tion. Detailed results were published.,


Characterization and beneficiation
studies on the phosphate-bearing Hawthorn
Formation were conducted at the Bureau's
Tuscaloosa Metallurgy Research Labora-
tory. The project is a cooperative program
with the Florida Bureau of Geology. The
objective is to determine if the phosphorite
in the Hawthorn Formation is amenable
to beneficiation. Additional studies on util-
ization of wet-process phosphoric acid
waste gypsum were carried out at the Tus-
caloosa Metallurgy Research Laboratory.
The report International Trade in Phos-
phate Rock Present and Projected to 1985
was published.'
The Bureau's College Park (Md.) Met-
allurgy Research Center assisted Hills-
borough and Pinellas Counties in develop-
ing their resource recovery system by
evaluating their urban refuse to determine
recoverable components and heat value of
the combustibles.
The Florida Bureau of Geology, Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, continued
studies of mineral resources and hydrology
throughout the State and published five
reports.7
Alachua County passed a mine reclama-
tion ordinance which requires total mined
land reclamation. Sarasota County pro-
posed a new mining ordinance intended to
strengthen its current ordinance.


REVIEW BY MINERAL COMMODITIES


NONMETALS
Nonmetals accounted for 66% of the
State's total mineral production value in
1975. The principal nonmetals produced,
listed in order of value, were phosphate
rock, stone, cement, sand and gravel, and
clays.
Cement.-Shipments of both portland
and masonry cement decreased from 1974
levels, reflecting the continued slowdown
in Florida's construction activity. Portland
cement shipments and value were 1.7 mil-
lion short tons and $62.5 million, respec-
tively. The value of portland cement de-
clined 17% from the reported 1974 value.
Types I and II (general-use and
moderate-heat), Type III (high-early-
strength), white cement, and waterproofed
portland cements were produced. Most of
the shipments were made within the State.
Masonry shipments were principally within
the State.


SLamont, W. E., J. T. McLendon, L. W.
Clements Jr., and I. L. Feld. Characterization
Studies of Florida Phosphate Slimes. BuMines
RI 8089. 1975, 24 pp.
U.S. Bureau of Mines. The Florida Phos-
phate Slimes Problem-A Review and a Bib-
liography. BuMines IC 8668, 1975, 41 pp.
SWhite, J. C.. A. J. Fergus, and T. N. Goff.
Phosphoric Acid by Direct Sulfuric Acid Diges-
tion of Florida Land-Pebble Matrix. BuMines
RI 8086, 1975, 12 pp.
Buie, B. F., G. L. Daugherty, and A. T. Cole.
International Trade in Phosphate Rock Present
and Projected to 1985. Prepared for the Bureau
of Mines under Contract 50 183092 with Florida
State University, 1976. 119 pp.
I Anderson, W., and G. H. Hughes. Hydrology
of Three Sinkhole Basins in Southwestern Semi-
nole County. Florida. Fla. Bu. Geol., Dept. of
Nat. Res., RI 81, 1975. 85 pp.
Crain, L. J., G. H. Hughes, and L. J. Snell.
Water Resources of Indian River County, Flor-
ida. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept. Nat. Res.. RI 80,
1976, 75 pp.
Motz, L. H. Hydrologic Effects of the Tamps
Bypass Canal System. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept.
Nat. Res., RI 82, 1975, 42 pp.
Putnam, A. L. Summary of Hydrologic Con-
ditions and Effects of Walt Disney World De-
velopment in the Reedy Creek Improvement
District, 1966-78. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept. Nat.
Res., RI 79, 1976, 115 pp.
Sutcliffe. H., Jr. Appraisal of the Water Re-
sources of Charlotte County, Florida. Fla. Bur.
Geol., Dept. Nat. Res., RI 78, 1975, 58 pp.





THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA


Portland cement shipments, mainly in
bulk form, were made 94% by truck and
6% by rail. The consumption pattern of
portland cement in the State was 58% to
ready-mix concrete companies, 16% to
building materials dealers, 13% to con-
crete product manufacturers, 9% to high-
way contractors, and 4% for miscellaneous
applications.
Raw materials used in the manufacture
of cement were mined principally within
the State and included limestone, clay,
sand, and staurolite. Oolitic aragonite im-
ported from the Bahamas was used exclu-
sively by one company, and another firm
used minor amounts. Small amounts of
blast furnace slag, iron ore, clay, ash, and
gypsum were used, but most were obtained
from out-of-State sources. Eleven rotary
kilns were operated at five plants. Of the
five plants, four used the wet process and
one used the dry process. Over 257 million
kilowatt-hours of energy was consumed in
the manufacture of cement; 100% of the
power was purchased.
The National Portland Cement Co.
plant at Port Manatee processed imported
clinker and made shipments to local
markets.
Maule Industries, Inc., Miami, continued
its expansion program at its Pennsuco,
Fla., plant, which will increase capacity
from 430,000 tons per year to about 2
million tons per year.8
Rinker Materials Cement Division an-
nounced that it would build a new 40,000-
=on cement terminal at Cape Canaveral.o
Clays.-Total clay output decreased
12%, while the value increased 13%.
Florida ranked first in the Nation in output
value of fuller's earth.
Fuller's earth output decreased 7%, but
its value increased 15%, reflecting high
unit values for the products. Three pro-
ducers were active, two in Gadsden County
and one in Marion County. Fuller's earth
was used for fillers, oil and gas absorbents,
pet absorbents, pesticides, drilling mud,
paper coating, and other uses.
Kaolin output and value each decreased
from that of 1974. Kaolin was produced
by one company in Putnam County; prin-
cipal uses were in whiteware, pottery, and
wall tile.


Miscellaneous clay output decreased
17%, and the value decreased 16% from
that of 1974, reflecting the continued de-
cline in building construction. The clays
were used in the manufacture of cement,
lightweight aggregate, and building brick.
Mines were operated in Clay, Escambia,
Gadsden, and Hernando Counties in 1975.
Fluorine.-Fluorine in the form of fluo-
silicic acid was recovered from six plants
as a byproduct of wet-process phosphoric
acid manufacture. Fluosilicic acid was used
to produce cryolite, aluminum fluoride, and
sodium silico-fluoride and for water fluo-
ridation. The value of fluorine byproducts
is not included in the State's mineral pro-
duction value.
Gypsum.-Crude gypsum was imported
from mines in Nova Scotia, Canada, and
processed into gypsum building products at
two plants in Duval County and one plant
in Hillsborough County. United States
Gypsum Co., National Gypsum Co., and
Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp. calcined
crude gypsum in kettles, a rotary kiln, and
a Holoflite unit. A total of 344,000 short
tons of calcined gypsum was produced, a
decline of 37% from 1974 production. The
Kaiser plant operated intermittently during
the year, and at yearend the Jacksonville
plant was closed and offered for sale to
the Celotex Co. The large decline in out-
put is attributable to the Kaiser plant
closing and the depressed homebuilding
market.
Lime.-Quicklime and hydrated lime
were produced by Basic Magnesia, Inc.,
Gulf County; Chemical Lime, Inc., Her-
nando County; and Dixie Lime & Stone
Co., Sumter County. The total sold or used
was 199,362 short tons and was valued at
$8 million. Compared with those of 1974,
quantity and value increased 8% and
45%, respectively. The lime was used in
the pulp and paper industries, in the re-
covery of magnesia from seawater, in con-
struction, in waste neutralization, in water
treatment, and in other chemical processes.
Lime consumption exceeded production in
the State.
Magnesia.-Basic Magnesia, Inc., Port
St. Joe, Gulf County, produced caustic-
calcined magnesia and refractory-grade

8 Pit and Quarry. V. 67, No. 7, January 1975.
p. 63.
SWork cited in footnote 8.





MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975


magnesia from seawater. Shipments de-
creased 28%, and the value decreased 21%
from that of 1974.
Perlite.-Four companies produced ex-
panded perlite from ore mined in Colorado
and New Mexico. Production decreased to
21,286 short tons from 24,006 short tons
in 1974. The quantity sold or used was
21,344 short tons, a decrease of 11% from
that of 1974. The value of the quantity
sold or used was $1.4 million, an increase
of 2% over that of 1974. Production from
plants in Broward, Escambia, and Indian
River Counties was used for horticultural
uses, plaster and concrete aggregate, filter
acid, and fillers.
Phosphate Rock.-Florida's 1975 pro-
duction data are combined with those of
North Carolina to conceal the latter's out-
put, because there is only one producing
company in North Carolina. Combined
marketable production from both States in
1975 was 40.7 million short tons, valued at
$1 billion, increases of 10% in output and
145% in value, reflecting the continued
worldwide high demand for phosphates.
The combined output represented 83%
of the national output.
Combined marketable production sold or
used totaled 37.9 million tons valued at
$927.3 million, a 5% decrease in sales but
a 112% increase in value from that of
1974.
Most of the 11.3 million short tons of
marketable phosphate rock exported from
Florida and North Carolina was from
Florida. Florida's exports declined 16% in
1975 owing to increased domestic consump-
tion.
Of that sold or used, agricultural uses
accounted for 70%, industrial 1%, and
exports 29%. Agricultural uses were for
wet-process phosphoric acid, normal super-
phosphate, triple superphosphate, direct
application to the soil, and defluorinated
rock for stock and poultry feed. Industrial
uses were for the manufacture of elemental
phosphorus and ferrophosphorus.
Mine production of crude dry ore in
Florida and North Carolina was 190 mil-
lion tons with a P.O content of 25 million
tons.
Soft-rock phosphate was produced by
four companies operating six mines in two
counties. Total mine production was 28,152
tons with a PO. content of 5,744 tons,
valued at $502,907. The soft-rock phos-


phate was used for direct application to
the soil.
Land-pebble phosphate was produced at
18 mines by 10 companies in 2 counties,
One company processed tailings from pre-
vious mining operations. Marketable phos-
phate rock was produced from land-pebble
phosphate mines by Agrico Chemical Co.,
Borden, Inc., Brewster Phosphates, Gar-
dinier, Inc., W. R. Grace & Co., Interna-
tional Minerals & Chemical Corp., Mobil
Oil Corp., Poseidon Mines, Inc., Occiden-
tal Petroleum Corp., USS Agri-Chemicals,
Inc., and Swift Chemical Co.
Agrico Chemical Co.'s Fort Green
mine came onstream during the year. The
complex has a capacity to produce 3.5
million tons of marketable phosphate rock
annually. The company also opened its
wet-phosphate rock shipping terminal at
Big Bend, Hillsborough County. The facil-
ity can handle several million tons of
phosphate rock annually and can load
ships at the rate of 3,000 tons of rock per
hour.
What is reported to be the largest phos-
phate fertilizer granulation plant in the
world, with a rated capacity of 80 tons per
hour of granulated triple superphosphate
and a greater capacity of diammonium
phosphate, has gone onstream at Agrico's
South Pierce complex in Polk County.'
A new process of wet-grinding phos-
phate rock for phosphoric acid production
has been demonstrated in a 60-ton-per-
hour pilot plant at the Agrico operation."
Beker Industries Corp. had received all
necessary local, State, and regional permits
preparatory to mining in Manatee County,
and the Manatee County operating permit
was all that was needed before mining
could commence. During the year Beker
Industries expanded its holding by pur-
chasing an additional 1,800 acres in east-
ern Manatee County."
Beker Phosphate Corp. awarded a $30
million contract to build a phosphate ore
beneficiation plant. The wet ore will be
shipped to Beker's fertilizer-processing fa-
cilities in Louisiana."
Borden Chemical division of Borden, Inc.,
announced plans to develop a new phos-
phate rock mine in the southern part of

"0 Tampa Tribune. Mar. 18, 1975.
1Engineering and Mining Journal. V. 176,
No. 1, January 1975. pp. 94-96.
U"Bradenton Herald. Aug. 12. 1975.
a Sarasota Herald-Tribune. July 16. 1976.





THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA


Hillsborough County and has filed a De-
velopment of Regional Impact Statement
with Hillsborough County to develop its
5,700-acre property. The proposed new
mine will replace its Teneroc mine near
Lakeland, which is scheduled to close in
early 1978."
Brewster Phosphates started construc-
tion at its new $70 million Lonesome
mine and beneficiation complex in south-
eastern Hillsborough County. Traditional
transportation of the phosphate ore from
the mine to the washer is being changed.
Brewster Phosphates has announced that
it will transport the ore from the Lone-
some mine to the washer (6 miles) by a
54-inch-wide belt conveyor. The system
will move 3,900 tons per hour of phosphate
ore to the washer and return 1,800 tons per
hour of refuse to the mine."
CF Industries announced plans for a
new phosphate mining and processing com-
plex on 19,555 acres in Hardee County.
The plans are for a $130 million mining
and beneficiation complex to go onstream
in 1978 and a $200 million chemical plant
to go onstream in 1980."
Initial capacity of CF's new Hardee
County plant was designed for processing
2 million tons per year of rock which can
be expanded to 4 million tons.7
Duval Corp. secured an option on the
Ben Hill Griffin ranch consisting of 15,100
acres. The option gives the company the
right to prospect and purchase the ranch."'
Gardinier, Inc., purchased over 15,000
acres of phosphate reserve and resource
lands, mainly in Hardee County.
W. R. Grace & Co. announced plans to
establish a new phosphate mine and bene-
ficiation plant on company-owned property
in southeastern Hillsborough and north-
eastern Manatee Counties. The new mine
is designated as the Four Corners mine.
Fhe 18,685-acre minesite includes 8,880
acres in Hillsborough County and 9,805
acres in Manatee County. The proposed
development of the phosphate mining and
)eneficiation operation is designed to pro-
luce annually a maximum of 5 million
:ons of phosphate for a projected 15- to
20-year period. Construction is scheduled
to begin late in 1978 after approval of
necessary mining and environmental per-
mits. The scope of the operation will in-
clude (1) the open pit extraction of the
phosphate matrix by dragline, and (2) the


physical separation of phosphate product
from the matrix.
W. R. Grace also announced it will
spend approximately $200 million over the
next 3 years in expanding its central Flor-
ida phosphate operations. Phosphoric acid
production capacity in the Florida division
will be increased from 330,000 tons an-
nually to 520,000 tons by 1978, and phos-
phate rock production capacity will be
doubled to 5 million tons per year.
International Minerals & Chemical
Corp. (IMC) announced plans to build a
$7 million defluorinated phosphate plant
at its Noralyn phosphate complex near
Bartow. The plant will produce about
75,000 tons of defluorinated phosphate
rock annually and is scheduled to go on-
stream in late 1976."
IMC's $90 million New Wales chemical
complex went onstream. The complex has
the capacity to produce 750,000 tons of
concentrated phosphate products which in-
clude phosphoric acid, triple superphos-
phate, diammonim phosphate, and monam-
monium phosphate." IMC purchased 3,323
acres of phosphate reserves near Ona in
Hardee County."
Kerr McGee Corp. announced plans for
two 1.5-million-ton-per-year mining opera-
tions, one in Bradford County and the
other in Union County; the phosphate rock
would be processed through a central plant
with a 3-million-ton annual capacity. The
company has assembled a block of fee-
owned property of about 5,000 acres,
which is supplemented with fee leases of
about 3,000 acres. The total investment
will be about $75 million, and the opera-
tion will employ about 300 workers. No
date has been set for startup.'
Mississippi Chemical Corp. announced
that it had contracted to buy 14,000,acres
of phosphate land in Hardee County and
is planning a mining and processing facil-
ity. Mining is anticipated to begin in
1980."
Noranda Phosphate, Inc., a subsidiary of
Noranda Mines, Limited, of Toronto, Can-

"4 Lakeland Ledger. June 18. 1975.
"Pit and Quarry. V. 68, No. 3. September
1975, p. 28.
"Tampa Tribune. Dec. 2. 1975.
Tampa Tribune. July 6, 1975.
is Herald-Advocate. July 18, 1975.
1"Tampa Tribune. Feb. 18, 1975.
Lakeland Ledger. Apr. 27, 1975.
Wauchula Herald-Advocate. Apr. 24, 1975.
"Gainesville Sun. Jan. 7, 1975.
"Wauchula Herald-Advocate. Aug. 28. 1975.






Page
Missing
or
Unavailable






Page
Missing
or
Unavailable





MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975


Table 7.-Florida: Construction aggregate (blended sand and gravel) and industrial
sand and gravel sold or used commercially by producers
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars)


Use


1974 1975
Quantity Value Quantity Value


Processed:
Concrete aggregate (including use in ready-mixed
concrete) :
Nonresidential and residential construction._ 6,746 9,882 3,784 5,692
Highway and bridge construction __----_.. -1,075 1,816 220 862
Other construction (dama, waterworks,
airports, etc.) _-- ----------- 195 801 80 97
Concrete products (cement block, brick, pipe,
etc.) ----------------------- 8,749 5.141 2,882 8,612
Bituminous paving (asphalt and tar paving) ... 529 672 635 861
Road base and subbase ------------------------- 756 1,227 282 458
Fill ------------------------ 1,286 1,101 442 519
Other --------------------------------------- -- W W
Unprocessed:
Roadbase and subbase ----------------------- 948 975 214 251
Fill -------------------------------------- 4,161 2,961 2,394 1,694
Other ----------------------------------- -- 222 152
Industrial sand and gravel --------------------- 727 3,940 710 4,181
Total --_---------- ------ - -- 20,115 27,516 11,874 17,634
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data: included In total.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.


Staurolite.-Staurolite was recovered as
a byproduct of ilmenite production at the
Highland and Trail Ridge plants of E. I.
du Pont de Nemours & Co. in Clay
County. Both output and value decreased
from 1974 levels. It was principally used
in sandblasting, and minor amounts were
used for cement. Florida was the only State
with a recorded production of staurolite.
Stone.-Total stone output, including
crushed limestone, dolomite, and oyster-
shell, was 39 million tons valued at $73
million. Florida ranked eighth in the Na-
tion in terms of stone output in 1975.
Crushed limestone output decreased 29%
and its value decreased 28%, reflecting the
continued downward trend in homebuild-
ing and highway projects. The stone was
produced from 119 quarries in 22 counties
in 1975, compared with production from
96 quarries in 20 counties in 1974. Dade,
Hernando, and Broward Counties, in that
order, were the principal producing coun-
ties, supplying 69% of the total production
and 68% of the total value. Eleven com-
panies operated 24 quarries accounting for
70% of the crushed stone output and 63%
of the value. One company processed oys-


tershell for road base material. Of the total
crushed limestone sold or used by pro-
ducers, 28% was used for concrete aggre-
gate, 34% for dense-graded road base, 10%
for bituminous aggregate, 4% for cement
manufacture, 2% for agricultural use, and
the remainder for miscellaneous uses.
Eighty-seven percent of the stone was
hauled by truck, 11% was moved by rail,
and the remainder was shipped by water-
way.
Sulfur.-Recovered sulfur from petro-
leum production at Exxon's desulfurization
plant in Santa Rosa County increased from
249,000 long tons in 1974 to 285,000 in
1975. The value of byproduct sulfur is not
included in the State's mineral production
value.
Vermiculite.-Exfoliated vermiculite was
produced by two operators at four plants
in Broward, Duval, and Hillsborough
Counties from crude ore shipped into the
State. The exfoliated vermiculite was used
for lightweight aggregate, plaster aggre-
gate, insulation, and other purposes. The
value of vermiculite is not included in
the State's mineral production value.






THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 13




Table 8.-Florida: Crushed limestone sold or used by producers, by county
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars)

1974 1975
Number Number
County of Quantity Value of Quantity Value
quarries quarries

Alachua -------------------------- 4 8,449 8,245 4 2,516 2,404
Brevard ..------------------------ 1 173 220 1 112 149
Broward ------------------------- 18 9,185 17,568 18 4,982 8,275
Citrus ----------------------------- 6 968 1,886 6 790 1,542
Collier ----------------------------- 10 2,628 6,008 9 1,071 2,884
Dade --------------------------- 18 18,861 28,488 18 14,818 28,088
Hernando ------------------------ 8 8,670 20,838 6 7,886 17,776
Levy ------------------------Z----- 286 247 3 245 290
Marion ---.- ---------------- 7 1,255 3,119 7 1,089 3,384
Monroe ---------------------------- 1 50 1,296 1 858 881
Okeechobee --------------------- 1 66 W 1 W W
Pasco --.--.--.---.--. --------- --_ 2 852 611 2 214 843
Polk ------------------------------- 1 112 141 1 73 96
Sumter ---------------- 4 4,168 5,865 5 2,636 3,824
Suwannee ---------------- -------_ 4 W W 3 865 2,648
Taylor 1 W W 1 198 578
Undistributed ------------------ 8 4,409 11,401 38 1,768 4,897
Totals -9--------------- 96 54,560 100,878 119 38,556 72,084

W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undis-
tributed."
'Includes Dixie (1975), Hendry (1975), Jackson, Lee, Manatee, and Palm Beach Counties, and
counties indicated by symbol W.
SData may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.



Table 9.-Florida: Crushed limestone sold or used by producers, by use
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars)

1974 1975
Use
Quantity Value Quantity -Value

Bituminous aggregate -------------------------.. 4,980 10,841 4,080 8,800
Concrete aggregate ------------------- 14,918 82,809 10,668 22,518
Dense-graded roadbase stone -------------------- -..19,114 24,590 12,950 16,683
Macadam aggregate--------------- 260 458 161 274
Surface treatment aggregate ----------------------- 5,407 18,699 2,000 6,201
Other construction aggregate and roadstone -------. 2,089 8,479 2,892 4,085
Agricultural limestone -.....------------.... ----. 1,478 5,154 942 8,112
Cement manufacture ---------------------------- 1,840 2,412 1,446 2,028
Fill ---------------------- ------- --- 1,802 2,756 1,610 1,946
Manufactured fine aggregate (stone sand) ---------- 1,779 3,130 1,201 2,874
Riprap and jetty stone----------------------- 218 547 158 451
Other uses ---------------------------------- _---. 725 1,504 997 8,665
Total -------------------- ---------- 54,660 100,878 88,556 72,084
11974 data include soil conditioners, poultry grit and mineral food.
2 Data include stone used in fillers, lime manufacture, railroad ballast, soil conditioners, poultry
grit and mineral food (1975).
8 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.


METALS

Metals accounted for less than 2% of
the State's total mineral production value.
Rare Earth Minerals.-Humphreys Min-
ing Co., Nassau County, and Titanium En-
terprises, Clay County, produced monazite
concentrate. Production in Florida in-
creased dramatically owing to the Hum-


phreys mining operations in the Boulogne,
Fla., area.
Titanium Concentrates.-Titanium En-
terprises produced rutile from its Green
Cove Springs plant. Output increased
over that of 1974. E. I. du Pont de Nem-
ours & Co. and Titanium Enterprises pro-
duced ilmenite concentrate from their
plants in Clay County, and Humphreys





MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975


Mining Co. produced ilmenite concentrate
from its mine in Nassau County. Overall
production increased slightly from that of
1974.
Zircon Concentrate.-Production of zir-
con concentrate from the E. I. du Pont de
Nemours & Co. Trail Ridge plant and the
Titanium Enterprises Green Cove Springs
plant, both in Clay County, decreased
22% from that of 1974. The value was
106% higher than that reported in 1974,
reflecting the continued high demand for
zircon.

MINERAL FUELS

Mineral fuels produced were natural
gas, natural gas liquids, crude petroleum,
and peat. These commodities accounted
for 32% of the total State mineral produc-
tion value in 1975.
Natural Gas.-Total net sales of natural
gas in Florida in 1975 were about 39
billion cubic feet. The difference between
the total net sales volume and the 44.4 bil-
lion cubic feet measured at the wellhead
was a 12.3% HIS, CO., and N2 content,
plus plant losses and inplant consumption
for combustion purposes. All of the gas
sold was from the Blackjack Creek and Jay
fields, except a small quantity that was
produced from the nearby Mount Carmel
field. The Florida Gas Transmission Pipe-
line Co. sold the natural gas to industrial
customers in the Pensacola area. Prior to


distribution to the Florida Gas Transmis-
sion Pipeline Co., the gas was stripped of
natural gas liquids at a plant in Jay field,
northern Santa Rosa County.
Peat.-Peat production increased from
67,000 tons valued at $616,000 in 1974 to
100,895 tons valued at $1,037,000 in 1975.
The 50% increase in production was ac-
companied by a 68% increase in value.
Petroleum.-Total oil production in
Florida was 41.9 million barrels in 1975.
The 15% increase was primarily at-
tributed to development of the Blackjack
Creek field. The Jay field yielded 76%
of the total crude oil production in the
State. The wellhead value of northwest
Florida high-grade crude averaged $12.58
per barrel in January 1975."
Crude petroleum production from south
Florida was derived entirely from the
Lower Cretaceous age Sunniland Lime-
stone Formation. The average depth of
development wells in the Sunniland trend
is about 11,500 feet. There were 74 pro-
ducing wells in 8 fields in this trend.
Approximately 4.8 million barrels of
crude oil ranging from 25" to 32 API
gravity and representing 11% of Flor-
ida's total production came from south
Florida fields. Wellhead prices ranged from
$5.66 per barrel in January to $9.50 per
barrel in December 1975 for old and new
oil combined.
s Based on 5% gross production tax reported
to Florida Department of Revenue.


Table 10.-Florida: Oil and gas well drilling completions, by county

Proved field wells 1 Exploratory wells Total
County Number
Oil Gas Dry Oil Gas Dry of Footage
wells
Calhoun ----------------- --- 1 1 12,140
Collier ------------------ 2 7 9 116,268
Gulf ----------------------- 1 1 14,570
Hendry -------------------- 1 7 78,288
Lake .-------------- .. -_ 2 2 5,228
Lee -------- -------- 2 -- 2 -. 2 6 78,478
Liberty --------------------- 1 1 12,564
Manatee ----------- -. ... 1 1 11,600
Marion --------- --- -- -- -.. 1 1 4,102
Monroe ------------ .. .. 1 1 18,000
Pa n Beach ---- ---- .. .. 1 1 18,848
St. Lucie ------------------- .. 1 1 12,852
Santa Roaa -m---- -- 8 2- 1 -. 12 194,450
Taylor --------------- -- -.. 2 2 14,981
Total 15 -_ 4 .. 27 48 580,144
'Development wells as defined by American Petroleum Institute.
Souree: American Petroleum Institute.






THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 15



Table 11.-Principal producers

Commodity and company Address Type of activity County


Cement:
General Portland Inc ------- 4

Lehigh Portland Cement Co. -_

Pennsuco Cement &
Aggregates.
Clays:
Engelhard Minerals &
Chemicals Corp.
Mid-Florida Mining ---......
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp-

Gypsum calcinedd):
Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp-

National Gypsum Co ----......

United States Gypsum Co ---

Lime:
Chemical Lime, Inc ..---........

Dixie Lime & Stone Co.1 -__-

Magnesium compounds:
Basic Magnesia, Inc.2 -----..

Peat:
Raymond Johnson -- -------

Oxford Peat Co -------

Peace River Peat. Inc ------.

F. E. Stearns Peat ---------
Traxler Peat Co ----------

Perlite (expanded) :
Airlite Processing Corp. of
Florida.
Armstrong Cork Co ----------

Chemrock Corp --------------

W. R. Grace & Co.n -_____...

Petroleum (crude):
Exxon Co., U.S.A ------------
Sun Oil Co -----------------

Petroleum (refined) :
Seminole Asphalt Refining, Inc

Phosphate rock:
Agrico Chemical Co -------

Borden, Inc ------...... -----
Brewster Phosphates ---------
Gardinier, Ine ------------
International Minerals &
Chemical Corp.
Mobil Oil Corp.4 --......-----

Occidental Petroleum Corp ...-
Swift Chemical Co -.......----

USS Agri-Chemicals, Inc-...--

See footnotes at end of table.


1400 Republic National
Bank Tower, Box 824
Dallas, Tex. 75221
718 Hamilton St.
Allentown, Pa. 18105
Box 2085 PVS
Hialeah, Fla. 88012

Menlo Park
Edison, N.J. 08817
Box 68-F
Lowell, Fla. 32668
Berkeley Springs, W.Va.
25411

300 Lakeside Dr.
Oakland, Calif. 94612
326 Delaware Ave.
Buffalo, N.Y. 14202
101 South Wacker Dr.
Chicago, Ill. 60600

Box 250
Ocala, Fla. 32670
Drawer 217
Ocala, Fla. 82670

Box 160
Port St. Joe. Fla. 82456

Box 655
Zellwood, Fla. 32798
Box 154
Oxford, Fla. 82684
Box 1192
Bartow, Fla. 38880
Rt. 1 Box 847-I
Valrico, Fla. 33594
Box 10
Florahome, Fla. 32685

Rt. 2, Box 740
Vero Beach, Fla. 82960
Box 1991
Pensacola, Fla. 32589
End of Osage St.
Nashville, Tenn. 87208
62 Whittemore Ave.
Cambridge, Mass. 02140

Box 2024
Houston, Tex. 77001
Box 2880
Dallas, Tex. 75221

Box 128
St. Marks, Fla. 82855

Box 3166
Tulsa, Okla. 74101
Box 790
Plant City, Fla. 38566
Bradley. Fla. 33885 -----
Box 3269
Tampa. Fla. 33601
Box 867
Bartow, Fla. 83830
Box 811
Nichols, Fla. 38868
White Springs. Fla. 32096-
Box 208
Bartow. Fla. 88880
Box 867
Ft. Meade, Fla. 88841


Plants ---..

Plant -..-----

---- do --.----


Open pit mines-

---- do ----..-

---- do -------


Plant ---------

--- do -------

-- do -----


Dade and
Hillsborough.

Dade.

Do.


Gadsden.

Marion.

Gadsden.


Duval.

Hillsborough.

Duval.


---- do ------_ Hernando.

-- do -------- Sumter.


---- do -------- Gulf.


Bog -------

Bog ----------

Bog ------

Bog ---------
Bog ----------


Plant .-------

..-- do ------

..-- do ------

..--.. do ----.. ..


Wells .-----

-- do ----...----


Refinery -----


Open pit mines
and plants.
Open pit mine
and plant.
..-- do -------.
--..-- do ------. .
Open pit
mines.
---- do ----....

Open pit mine-
Open pit
mines.
Open pit mine-


Orange.

Sumter.

Polk.

Hillsborough.
Putnam.


Indian River.

Escambia.

Duval.

Broward.


Santa Rosa.

Collier and
Hendry.

Wakulla.


Polk.
Do.

Do.
Do.

Do.

Do.
Hamilton.
Polk.
Do.





MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975


Table 11.-Principal producers-Continued

Commodity and company Address Type of activity County

Sand and gravel:
General Development Corp ..-- 1111 South Bayshore Dr. Pits -------- Brevard and
Miami, Fla. 33181 St. Lucie.
Ortona Sand Co ..---..-- First & East Tillman Dredge ------- Hendry.
Lake Wales, Fla. 38853
Seminole Rock Products, Inc -. 8100 N.W. 74th.St. --.. do -----.. Dade.
Miami, Fla. 88166
Standard Sand & Silica Co -- Box 35 Pit ---------- Polk.
Davenport, Fla. 33837
Warren Bros. Co --------- Fairfield, Maine 04987 3-- Pit ----------- Sarasota.
Stanrolite:
E. L du Pont de Nemours & DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Plant --------- Clay.
Coa. Wilmington, Del. 19898
Stone:
Florida Crushed Stone Co -- Box 668 Quarries ----- Hernando and
Ocala. Fla. 32670 Sumter.
Florida Mining and Materials Box 59351 Quarry -.....- Hernando.
Corp. Miami, Fla. 33159
Florida Rock Industries. Inc.' Box 4667 Quarries ----- Collier, Lee,
Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Sumter,
Suwannee.
Houdaille-Duvall-Wright Co __- Box 1588 Dredge ------- Alachua and
Jacksonville, Fla. 82201 Broward.
Maule Industries, Inc ----- Box 2601 Quarries ----- Dade.
Hialeah, Fla. 38012
Sterling Crushed Stone Co --- Miami, Fla. 33163 ------- _- do ------ Do.
Titanium concentrates:
Titanium Enterprises' -- Box 1036 Mine and Clay.
Green Cove Springs, Fla. plant.
32043

Also stone.
'Also lime
Also phosphate rock and exfoliated vermiculite.
'Also elemental phosphorus.
SAlso titanium and zircon concentrates.
SAlso sand and gravel.
SAlso zircon concentrate, and rare-earth oxides and thorium oxide in monazite concentrate. '

PAGE 1

Preprint from the 1975 BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS YEARBOOK The Mineral Industry of Florida UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

PAGE 2

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR * Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES This publication is a chapter from the current Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, comprising Volume I, Meoals, Minerals, and Fuels; Volume II, Area Reports: Domestic; Volume III, Area Reports: International. The separate vol. umes of the Yearbook are sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.

PAGE 3

The Mineral Industry of Florida This chapter has been prepared under a cooperative agreement between the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Florida Bureau of Geology. By John W. Sweeney 1 and Charles W. Hendry Jr.2 The value of mineral production in Florand fourth in the value of peat. Staurolite ida increased from $1.04 billion in 1974 to was produced only in Florida. Florida and $1.78 billion in 1975, principally owing to North Carolina supplied 83% of the doincreases in the value of crude petroleum, mestic phosphate rock market and 90% of natural gas, and phosphate rock. the exports from the United States. PhosOf the 48.9 million tons of phosphate phate rock was exported from the ports rock produced in the United States, Florof Tampa, Boca Grande, and Jacksonville. ida and North Carolina produced 40.7 milThe principal recipients were Canada, Jalion. Florida was the predominant producer pan, and Mexico. and for the 82d consecutive year supplied more than any other State. The State i state Liaison Officer, Bureau of Mines, Talranked first in the value of fuller's earth, lahassee, Fla. 2 Chief, Bureau of Geology, Florida Departfirst in the value of titanium concentrates, ment of Natural Resources. Table 1.-Mineral production in Florida' 1974 1975 Mineral Quan Value uan Value Quantity (thousands) Quantity (thousands) Cement: Masonry ---------------.thousand short tons-285 $4,787 W W Portland -------------------------do.... 2,562 75.188 1,721 $62,626 Clays ----------........................----------------do 808 " 14.261 712 17,068 Lime ---------------------------------------do -186 5.815 199 7,708 Natural gas ----------------million cubic feet.. 88,187 20,441 44,888 438,185 Peat --------------------.....thousand short tons.. 67 616 82 1,037 Petroleum (crude) ...--thousand 42-gallon barrels.. 86,851 351,881 41,877 490,258 Titanium concentrates (rutile) -------short tons.6,446 996 W W Sand and gravel -----------thousand short tons..24,872 88,400 18,287 20,199 Stone ....---------.... .--------------do-. 54,560 100,878 89,071 78,872 Value of items that cannot be disclosed: Clays (kaolin, 1974), magnesium compounds, natural gas liquids, phosphate rock, rare-earth metals, , staurolite, stone (shell (1974) and dimension), titanium concentrates (ilmenite), sircon concentrates, and values indicated by symbol W -........... .------------------XX 437,287 XX 1,060,153 Total -----------------------------------XX 1,048,895 XX 1,775,500 Total 1967 constant dollars ----------------XX 498,658 XX P 703,098 P Preliminary. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed." XX Not applicable. 1 Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumntion by producers). a Excludes kaolin: included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed." a Excludes dimension atone and shell; included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed." 1

PAGE 4

2 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1976 Table 2.-Value of mineral production in Florida, by county1 (Thousands) County 1974 1975 Minerals produced in 1975 in S1974 1975 order of value Alacha ------------------------$3,245 $2,404 Stone. Bay--------------------------W 474 Sand and gravel. Bradford ------------------------W W Natural gas liquids. Brevard --------------------W W Sand and gravel, stone. Broward ----------------22,558 11,093 Stone, sand and gravel. Calhoun -------------------------W Citrus -------------1,828 1,881 Stone, phosphate rock. Clay ----------------------------W 80,556 Zircon, ilmenite, rutile, sand and gravel, staurolite, clays, monazite. Collier -------------------------6,008 2,884 Stone. Dade --------------------------87,767 65,148 Cement, stone, sand and gravel. De Soto ---------------------W Dixie ------------------------W Stone. Eacambia -----------------------W 759 Sand and gravel, clays. Franklin ------------------------W Gadsden ------------------------12,794 W Clays, sand and gravel. Glades ----------------------W W Sand and gravel. Gulf ----------------------------W W Magnesium compounds, lime. Hamilton -----------------------W W Phosphate rock. Hendry ----------------------.. W W Sand and gravel, stone. Hernando -----------------------23,186 W Stone, lime, clays. Highlands ----------------------W 358 Peat. Hillaborough --------------------W W Cement, sand and gravel, stone, peat. Jackson -------------------------W W Stone, sand and gravel. Lake -------------------------3,869 2,925 Sand and gravel. Lee -----------------------------W W Stone. Leon ---------------------------W W Sand and gravel. Levy --------------------247 290 Stone. Manatee ------------------------W W Cement, stone. Marion -----------------------5,133 6,092 Stone, clays, sand and gravel, phosphate rock. Martin ------------------------W Monroe ------------------------1,296 881 Stone. Nassau --------------------------W Titanium, zircon, monazite. Okaloosa ----------------------W W Sand and gravel. Okeechobee ----------------------.W W Stone. Orange -------------------------W W Sand and gravel, peat. Palm Beach ---------------------W W Stone. Pasco -------------------------611 343 Do. Pinellas -----------------------W W Do. Polk .---------------------------. 355,028 W Phosphate rock, sand and gravel, peat, stone. Putnam ---------------------2,749 2,079 Sand and gravel, clays, peat. St. Lucie -----------------------383 W Sand and gravel. Santa Rosa ----------------------W Natural gas liquids, sand and gravel. Sarasota ------------------------W W Sand and gravel. Sumter -------------------------7,904 W Stone, lime, peat. Suwannee --------------------W 2,643 Stone. Taylor --------------------------W 578 Do. Wakulla ----------------------1 Sand and gravel. Walton -------------------------W 269 Do. Washington --------------------W Undistributed ------------------509.298 1,644,341 Total ---------....... 1,043,895 1,775,500 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." SThe following counties are not listed because no production was reported: Baker, Charlotte, Columbia. Dural, Flagler, Gilchrist, Hardee, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Liberty. Madison. Osceola, St. Johns, Seminole, Union, and Volusia. County data for petroleum and natural gas are not available; included with "Undistributed." SIncludes values of counties indicated by symbol W and petroleum and natural gas values. Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 3 ..........Table 3.-Indicators of Florida business activity 1974 1975 P Chang, percent Employment and labor force, annual average: Total labor force ------------thousands.3,226.0 3,472.0 +7.6 Unemployment --------------------------------do..---. 208.0 370.0 +77.9 Employment (nonagricultural) : Mining ---------------------------do---10.8 11.0 +-1.9 Manufacturing ----------------------------do.... 369.0 327.7 -11.2 Contract construction -------------------.. do.--. 267.2 171.1 -36.0 Transportation and public utilities ---.-----... do---. 190.7 181.4 -4.9 Wholesale and retail trade ------------------do-747.0 719.4 -3.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate --------... do.... 196.6 189.9 -3.4 Services .---..-----------------------------do578.3 581.0 +.5 Government -------------------------------do--....-510.1 548.0 +7.4 Total nonagricultural employment ----------do.-2,869.7 2,729.5 -4.9 Personal income: Total --------------------------------millions$43,742 $47,055 +7.6 Per capita .....-------..-----.----------.. $5,406 $5,638 +4.3 Construction activity; Number of private and public residential units authorized110,794 47,989 -56.7 Value of nonresidential construction-----------.. millions $1,208.0 $802.3 -33.6 Value of State road contract awards ------------do.... $369.0 $180.0 -51.2 Shipments of portland and masonry cement to and within the State .-----------.----thousand short tons5,327 3,404 -36.1 Mineral production value: Total crude mineral value ..----...------.....millions$1,043.9 $1,775.5 +70.1 Value per capita, resident population ---------------$128.89 $214.51 +66.4 Value per square mile -----------------------------$17,826.08 $30,319.33 +70.1 P Preliminary. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of Labor, Highway and Heavy Construction Magazine, and U.S. Bureau of Mines. The Uranium Recovery Corp. facilities Gulf Steel Corp. announced it will conat Mulberry, to recover uranium from struct its new plant at Quincy about 20 wet-process phosphoric acid, were cormiles west of Tallahassee. It will manufacpleted and were being readied for producture structural steel, steel girders, trusses, tion, structural reinforcing steel, and other prodConstruction at the Florida Power Corp. ucts. Crystal River nuclear powerplant was reIn 1975 following the Mississippi, Alasuied. The 825-megawatt plant originally bama, Florida Outer Continental Shelf was to go into service in 1972, but was de(MAFLA OCS) lease sale of December layed due to money shortages, regulatory 1973, 15 wells were drilled off the west snarls, and material and labor shortages. coast of Florida, all of which were dry. The new completion date was the fall of Eight of these were located in the Destin 1976. Dome, located 30 to 70 miles south of A Solar Ener Research Center was Choctowhatchee Bay in the Florida panSResearch enter was handle. The failure of this structure to established at Cape. Canaveral. It is anticproduce hydrocarbons was a severe setback Sta produce hydrocarbons was a severe setback ipated that the Ceiter will make* Florida to the "bright-spot" seismic technique, a leader in. the usenof solar energy -and bewhich here proved fallible. Exxon Corp., come a testing center for solar energy deil Oil Corp., ad Chaplin Oil and Revices.„ thes,nt T „ -<, July e , 1975. Mobil Oil Corp., and Chaplin Oil and Revices. TheCent arted fining Co. had ventured $530 million on Tampa Electric Co. (TECO), along lease bonuses for five tracts on the strucwith 15 other utilities, made a $1 billion ture on which they subsequently drilled bid to purchase Peabody Coal Co. TECO's seven dry holes. Exploration is continuing portion of the purchase would amount to at a reduced level. $40 million, or 4%, if the proposal is apExxon Corp. produced oil at a daily rate proved by the Federal Trade Commission. of 15,000 barrels at Blackjack Creek and Ashland,Oi! Co. .acquired 14,500 acres 89,000 barrels at Jay field, both in Santa in St. Lucie County where it proposes to Rosa -County. Pressure maintenance, via build an inland oil refinery with a capacity water injection, was scheduled to comof 250,000 barrels per day. mence in the Blackjack Creek field during

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4 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975 1,800 1,6001,4001,2005 TOTAL 0 1,000O oo _J 600Petroleum 400 -I 200 -Stone ......... o0 ...... So......... Sol ................ .... It, 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 Figure 1.-Value of stone, petroleum, and total value of mineral production in Florida. the summer of 1975. A similar program calculated by the Corps of Engineers in begun at Jay in 1973 responded success1962; traffic would total 5.1 million tons fully, as measured by production and reduring the canal's first year of operation rsrvoir pressures to date, and would increase to 10.9 million tons in A moratorium on oil exploration in the 50 years, which may not be enough to Ocala National Forest was lifted by the justify completion. The Kearney study was Interior Department, and Amoco Producrestricted to transportation; other segments tion Co. drilled two exploratory wells with on flood control and recreation are under no traces of oil or gas. study and may change the cost-benefit Legislation and Government Programs, relationship in favor of completion. A. T. Kearney. Inc., prepared a report Secretary of the Interior Thomas S. for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers asKleppe directed that a 2-year study be sesuing the benefits of the Cross Florida conducted to determine what potential efBarge Canal. The Kearney study showed feet phosphate mining in the Osceola Naaverage annual transportation benefits of tional Forest would have upon the area's $8,6 million, compared to $7.23 million water and wildlife.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 5 The Corps of Engineers announced the Energy Conservation and the Florida first phase of a $120 million, 40-mile-long Energy Data Center into the State Energy harbor-deepening project. The project will Office under the Department of Adminisdeepen the Tampa Channel from its curtration (Ch. 75-256, Laws of 1975). Sevrent 34 feet to 43 feet. eral reports on energy were published.' The U.S. Environmental Protection The 1975 Florida Legislature passed the Agency (EPA) released Technical Note Local Government Comprehensive PlanORP/CSD-75-4 Preliminary Findings Raning Act of 1975. Under the act, every don Daughter Levels in Structures Concounty and municipality in the State will structed on Reclaimed Florida Phosphate have to prepare and adopt a comprehenLand, which suggests that prolonged exsive plan before July 1, 1979. If a city does posure to radon daughters could double not adopt a plan by that date, it shall be the incidence of lung cancer. The EPA governed by the plan for the county in emphasized that the findings presented in which it is situated. If the county does not its report were preliminary and require adopt a plan by the 1979 date, the State substantial (at least 1 year) additional land planning agency will prepare the plan study before the overall radiological imfor the county, and the Administration pact can be ascertained. It is the belief of Commission shall have the authority to EPA and the Division of Health, Florida adopt it. The plan will require the followDepartment of Health and Rehabilitative ing: (1) a future land use element, (2) a Service officials that there is no imminent traffic circulation element, (3) a general danger to the public health and that sanitary sewer, solid waste, drainage, and studies, rather than precipitous action, are potable water element, (4) a conservation indicated, element, (5) a recreation and open space The 1975 Florida Legislature passed a element, (6) a housing element, (7) a mandatory surface mine reclamation act coastal zone protection element, (8) an in(Ch. 75-40, Laws of 1975). This act was tergovernmental coordination element, and effective July 1, 1975, and modified the (9) a utility element. Florida Severance Tax Act of 1971 (Ch. A cooperative research project to de211, Part II, Florida Statutes). The 1975 o r dewatering phosphatic velop methods of dewatering phosphatic act imposes mandatory reclamation of clay slimes, funded jointly by the Federal lands subject to the severance tax. Such Bureau of Mines and the Florida Phosphate tax shall be 5% of the value at the point of severance. The bill allows for a tax credit for ad valorem payments. The ren Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc. Solar Energy mainder of the tax is paid into the State Utilization In Florida (prepared for Florida Energy Committee). June 1976, 69 pp. treasury, 50% to the credit of the general Florida Energy Committee. Energy Law in revenue fund of the State and 50% to the Florida. May 1975, 30 pp. Florida Energy Data Center (Department of credit of a land reclamation trust fund. Administration). Monthly Florida Crude Oil and Each taxpayer shall institute and complete Natural Gas Production: September, 1948 through March, 1975. June 1975, 44 pp. a reclamation and restoration program .Statistics of the Florida Electrical upon each site of severance in accordance Utility Industry 1960 through 1974. April 1976. with criteria adopted by the Department 114 pp. with criteria adopted by the Department Florida Energy Office (Department of Adof Natural Resources. ministration). Florida Energy Consumption Sta.tistics 1968-1974. December 1975, 8 pp. Upon completion of reclamation or in Florida State University, Department of Urlieu thereof by deeding title of mined ban and Regional Planning, and Department of Geography, University of South Florida. Florida lands to the State, a severance taxpayer Coastal Policy Study Input of Offshore Oil DeSwould be entitled to a refund of up to 50% velopment (prepared for the Florida Energy Ofof e tx .flee). December 1975, 278 pp. of the severance tax paid. Florida State University, Florida Resources The Florida Bureau of Geology promuland Environmental Analysis Center. Patterns of Energy Consumption in Florida: 1060-1972. gated rules and regulations to achieve the June 1975, 461 pp. maximum reclamation of land disturbed University of Florida, Center for Governmental Responsibility, Holland Law Center. Enby surface mining to carry out the purpose ergy: The Power of the States (prepared for of the 1975 surface mine reclamation act. Florida Energy Committee). January 1975, 288 pp. In 1975, the legislature, at the' request University of West Florida. The Role of Enof the Governor, consolidated the functions ergy In -Solid Waste Utilization and Disposal of the Office of Petroleum Allocation and(prepared for Florida Energy Committee). May of the Office of Petroleum Allocation and 1976, 242 pp.

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6 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975 Council, representing 10 phosphate rock Characterization and beneficiation mining companies, continued through studies on the phosphate-bearing Hawthorn 1975. The Bureau of Mines programs unFormation were conducted at the Bureau's der the project were conducted by the Tuscaloosa Metallurgy Research LaboraTuscaloosa (Ala.) Metallurgy Research tory. The project is a cooperative program Laboratory. During the year, gel formawith the Florida Bureau of Geology. The tion of phosphate slimes, electrochemistry objective is to determine if the phosphorite of fine particles, effects of reagents on dein the Hawthorn Formation is amenable watering slimes, and scanning electron to beneficiation. Additional studies on utilmicroscope studies were carried out. Reization of wet-process phosphoric acid search grants at Auburn University to waste gypsum were carried out at the Tuspromote channeling in a continuous gravcaloosa Metallurgy Research Laboratory. ity sedimentation process and at Florida The report International Trade in PhosState University to investigate the distribuphate Rock Present and Projected to 1985 tion of minerals in settled slimes using was published." scanning electron microscope techniques The Bureau's College Park (Md.) Metwere funded through the project. Several allurgy Research Center assisted Hillsfield tests, evaluating sand-spraying techborough and Pinellas Counties in developniques, flocculation, and sand drains, were ing their resource recovery system by evaluated during the year. A bibliography evaluating their urban refuse to determine and characterization studies on the slimes recoverable components and heat value of project were published.' the combustibles. The Bureau's Albany (Oreg.) MetalThe Florida Bureau of Geology, Departlurgy Research Center continued its proment of Natural Resources, continued gram on direct acidulation of Florida phosstudies of mineral resources and hydrology phate matrix. Preliminary data indicated throughout the State and published five that 92% to 96% of the P0Os content of reports.7 the matrix is recoverable, and the PtOa Alachua County passed a mine reclamaconcentration in the product acid ranged tion ordinance which requires total mined from 21% to 30%. The waste filter cake land reclamation. Sarasota County proappeared suitable for use in land reclamaposed a new mining ordinance intended to tion. Detailed results were published." strengthen its current ordinance. REVIEW BY MINERAL COMMODITIES NONMETALS SLamont, W. E., J. T. McLendon, L. W. Nonmetas a d fr 66% of the Clements Jr.. and I. L. Feld. Characterization Nonmetals accounted for 66% of the Studies of Florida Phosphate Slimes. BuMines State's total mineral production value in RI 8089. 1975, 24 pp. U.S. Bureau of Mines. The Florida Phos1975. The principal nonmetals produced, phate Slimes Problem-A Review and a Biblisted in order of value, were phosphate liography. BuMines IC 8668, 1975, 41 pp. 5White, J. C., A. J. Fergus, and T. N. Goff. rock, stone, cement, sand and gravel, and Phosphoric Acid by Direct Sulfuric Acid Digesclays. tion of Florida Land-Pebble Matrix. BuMines RI 8086, 1975, 12 pp. Cement.-Shipments of both portland Buie, B. F., G. L. Daugherty, and A. T. Cole. International Trade in Phosphate Rock Present and masonry cement decreased from 1974 and Projected to 1985. Prepared for the Bureau levels, reflecg te c d slo n of Mines under Contract 50183092 with Florida levels, reflecting the continued slowdown State University, 1975, 119 pp. in Florida's construction activity. Portland 1 Anderson, W., and G. H. Hughes. Hydrology of Three Sinkhole Basins in Southwestern Semicement shipments and value were 1.7 milnole County, Florida. Fla. Bu. Geol., Dept. of lion short tons and $62.5 million, respecNat. Res., RI 81, 1975, 85 pp. Crain, L. J., G. H. Hughes, and L. J. Snell. tively. The value of portland cement deWater Resources of Indian River County, Florclined 17o from the reported 1974 value. ida. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept. Nat. Res., RI 80, 1975. 75 pp. Types I and II (general-use and Motz, L. H. Hydrologic Effects of the Tampa modera a, Tye II (Bypass Canal System. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept. moderate-heat), Type III (high-earlyNat. Res., RI 82, 1975, 42 pp. strength), white cement, and waterproofed Putnam, A. L. Summary of Hydrologic Conditions and Effects of Walt Disney World Deportland cements were produced. Most of velopment in the Reedy Creek Improvement the shipments were made within the State. District, 1966-78. Fla. Bur. Geol., Dept. Nat. Res., RI 79, 1975, 116 pp. Masonry shipments were principally within Sutcliffe. H., Jr. Appraisal of the Water Resources of Charlotte County, Florida. Fla. Bur. the State. Geol., Dept. Nat. Res.. RI 78, 1975, 53 pp.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 7 Portland cement shipments, mainly in Miscellaneous clay output decreased bulk form, were made 94% by truck and 17%, and the value decreased 16% from 6% by rail. The consumption pattern of that of 1974, reflecting the continued deportland cement in the State was 58% to dine in building construction. The clays ready-mix concrete companies, 16% to were used in the manufacture of cement, building materials dealers, 13% to conlightweight aggregate, and building brick. crete product manufacturers, 9% to highMines were operated in Clay, Escambia, way contractors, and 4% for miscellaneous Gadsden, and Hernando Counties in 1975. applications. Fluorine.-Fluorine in the form of fluoRaw materials used in the manufacture silicic acid was recovered from six plants of cement were mined principally within as a byproduct of wet-process phosphoric the State and included limestone, clay, acid manufacture. Fluosilicic acid was used sand, and staurolite. Oolitic aragonite imto produce cryolite, aluminum fluoride, and ported from the Bahamas was used exclusodium silico-fluoride and for water fluosively by one company, and another firm ridation. The value of fluorine byproducts used minor amounts. Small amounts of is not included in the State's mineral problast furnace slag, iron ore, clay, ash, and duction value. gypsum were used, but most were obtained Gypsum.-Crude gypsum was imported from out-of-State sources. Eleven rotary from mines in Nova Scotia, Canada, and kilns were operated at five plants. Of the processed into gypsum building products at five plants, four used the wet process and two plants in Duval County and one plant one used the dry process. Over 257 million in Hillsborough County. United States kilowatt-hours of energy was consumed in Gypsum Co., National Gypsum Co., and the manufacture of cement; 100% of the Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp. calcined power was purchased. crude gypsum in kettles, a rotary kiln, and The N l P d C t .a Holoflite unit. A total of 344,000 short The National Portland Cement Co. tons of calcined gypsum was produced, a plant at Port Manatee processed imported decline of 37% from 1974 production. The clinker and made shipments to local Kaiser plant operated intermittently during markets. the year, and at yearend the Jacksonville Maule Industries, Inc., Miami, continued plant was closed and offered for sale to its expansion program at its Pennsuco, the Celotex Co. The large decline in outFla., plant, which will increase capacity put is attributable to the Kaiser plant from 430,000 tons per year to about 2 closing and the depressed homebuilding million tons per year.8 market. Rinker Materials Cement Division anLime.-Quicklime and hydrated lime nounced that it would build a new 40,000were produced by Basic Magnesia, Inc., ton cement terminal at Cape Canaveral.o Gulf County; Chemical Lime, Inc., Hernando County; and Dixie Lime & Stone Clays.-Total clay output decreased Co., Sumter County. The total sold or used 12%, while the value increased 13%. was 199,362 short tons and was valued at Florida ranked first in the Nation in output $8 million. Compared with those of 1974, value of fuller's earth, quantity and value increased 8% and Fuller's earth output decreased 7%, but 45%, respectively. The lime was used in its value increased 15%, reflecting high the pulp and paper industries, in the reunit values for the products. Three procovery of magnesia from seawater, in conducers were active, two in Gadsden County struction, in waste neutralization, in water and one in Marion County. Fuller's earth treatment, and in other chemical processes. was used for fillers, oil and gas absorbents, Lime consumption exceeded production in pet absorbents, pesticides, drilling mud, the State. paper coating, and other uses. Magnesia.-Basic Magnesia, Inc., Port Kaolin output and value each decreased St. Joe, Gulf County, produced causticfrom that of 1974. Kaolin was produced calcined magnesia and refractory-grade by one company in Putnam County; principal uses were in whiteware, pottery, and 8 Pit and Quarry. V. 67, No. 7, January 19756 wall tile. 63 wall tile. 9 Work cited in footnote 8.

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8 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975 magnesia from seawater. Shipments dephate was used for direct application to creased 28%, and the value decreased 21% the soil. from that of 1974. Land-pebble phosphate was produced at Perlite.-Four companies produced ex18 mines by 10 companies in 2 counties. panded perlite from ore mined in Colorado One company processed tailings from preand New Mexico. Production decreased to vious mining operations. Marketable phos21,286 short tons from 24,006 short tons phate rock was produced from land-pebble in 1974. The quantity sold or used was phosphate mines by Agrico Chemical Co., 21,344 short tons, a decrease of 11% from Borden, Inc., Brewster Phosphates, Garthat of 1974. The value of the quantity dinier, Inc., W. R. Grace & Co., Internasold or used was $1.4 million, an increase tional Minerals & Chemical Corp., Mobil of 2% over that of 1974. Production from Oil Corp., Poseidon Mines, Inc., Occidenplants in Broward, Escambia, and Indian tal Petroleum Corp., USS Agri-Chemicals, River Counties was used for horticultural Inc., and Swift Chemical Co. uses, plaster and concrete aggregate, filter Agrico Chemical Co.'s Fort Green acid, and fillers. mine came onstream during the year. The Phosphate Rock.-Florida's 1975 procomplex has a capacity to produce 3.5 duction data are combined with those of million tons of marketable phosphate rock North Carolina to conceal the latter's outannually. The company also opened its put, because there is only one producing wet-phosphate rock shipping terminal at company in North Carolina. Combined Big Bend, Hillsborough County. The facilmarketable production from both States in ity can handle several million tons of 1975 was 40.7 million short tons, valued at phosphate rock annually and can load $1 billion, increases of 10% in output and ships at the rate of 3,000 tons of rock per 145% in value, reflecting the continued hour. worldwide high demand for phosphates. What is reported to be the largest phosThe combined output represented 83% phate fertilizer granulation plant in the of the national output. world, with a rated capacity of 80 tons per Combined marketable production sold or hour of granulated triple superphosphate used totaled 37.9 million tons valued at and a greater capacity of diammonium $927.3 million, a 5% decrease in sales but phosphate, has gone onstream at Agrico's a 112% increase in value from that of South Pierce complex in Polk County.o 1974. A new process of wet-grinding phosMost of the 11.3 million short tons of phate rock for phosphoric acid production marketable phosphate rock exported from has been demonstrated in a 60-ton-perFlorida and North Carolina was from hour pilot plant at the Agrico operation." Florida. Florida's exports declined 16% in Beker Industries Corp. had received all 1975 owing to increased domestic consumpnecessary local, State, and regional permits tion. preparatory to mining in Manatee County, Of that sold or used, agricultural uses and the Manatee County operating permit accounted for 70%, industrial 1%, and was all that was needed before mining exports 29%. Agricultural uses were for could commence. During the year Beker wet-process phosphoric acid, normal superIndustries expanded its holding by purphosphate, triple superphosphate, direct chasing an additional 1,800 acres in eastapplication to the soil, and defluorinated ern Manatee County." rock for stock and poultry feed. Industrial Beker Phosphate Corp. awarded a $30 uses were for the manufacture of elemental million contract to build a phosphate ore phosphorus and ferrophosphorus. beneficiation plant. The wet ore will be Mine production of crude dry ore in shipped to Beker's fertilizer-processing faFlorida and North Carolina was 190 milcilities in Louisiana." lion tons with a P2Os content of 25 million Borden Chemical division of Borden, Inc., ionts. announced plans to develop a new phosoto os t s o phate rock mine in the southern part of Soft-rock phosphate was produced by four companies operating six mines in two S. Tampa Tribune. Mar. 13. 1975. counties. Total mine production was 28,152 I Engineering and Mining Journal. V. 176, tons with a POa content of 5,744 tons, No. 1, January 1975, pp. 94-96. S Bradenton Herald. Aug. 12. 1975. valued at $502,907. The soft-rock phos1 Sarasota Herald-Tribune. July 16, 1975.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 9 Hillsborough County and has filed a Dephysical separation of phosphate product velopment of Regional Impact Statement from the matrix. with Hillsborough County to develop its W. R. Grace also announced it will 5,700-acre property. The proposed new spend approximately $200 million over the mine will replace its Teneroc mine near next 3 years in expanding its central FlorLakeland, which is scheduled to close in ida phosphate operations. Phosphoric acid early 1978." production capacity in the Florida division Brewster Phosphates started construcwill be increased from 330,000 tons antion at its new $70 million Lonesome nually to 520,000 tons by 1978, and phosmine and beneficiation complex in southphate rock production capacity will be eastern Hillsborough County. Traditional doubled to 5 million tons per year. transportation of the phosphate ore from International Minerals & Chemical the mine to the washer is being changed. Corp. (IMC) announced plans to build a Brewster Phosphates has announced that $7 million defluorinated phosphate plant it will transport the ore from the Loneat its Noralyn phosphate complex near some mine to the washer (6 miles) by a Bartow. The plant will produce about 54-inch-wide belt conveyor. The system 75,000 tons of defluorinated phosphate will move 3,900 tons per hour of phosphate rock annually and is scheduled to go onore to the washer and return 1,800 tons per stream in late 1976.10 hour of refuse to the mine.1" IMC's $90 million New Wales chemical CF Industries announced plans for a complex went onstream. The complex has new phosphate mining and processing comthe capacity to produce 750,000 tons of plex on 19,555 acres in Hardee County. concentrated phosphate products which inThe plans are for a $130 million mining elude phosphoric acid, triple superphosand beneficiation complex to go onstream phate, diammonim phosphate, and monamin 1978 and a $200 million chemical plant monium phosphate." IMC purchased 3,323 to go onstream in 1980.1" acres of phosphate reserves near Ona in Initial capacity of CF's new Hardee Hardee County.2 County plant was designed for processing Kerr McGee Corp. announced plans for 2 million tons per year of rock which can two 1.5-million-ton-per-year mining operabe expanded to 4 million tons." tions, one in Bradford County and the Duval Corp. secured an option on the other in Union County; the phosphate rock Ben Hill Griffin ranch consisting of 15,100 would be processed through a central plant acres. The option gives the company the with a 3-million-ton annual capacity. The right to prospect and purchase the ranch.s company has assembled a block of feeGardinier, Inc., purchased over 15,000 owned property of about 5,000 acres, acres of phosphate reserve and resource which is supplemented with fee leases of lands, mainly in Hardee County. about 3,000 acres. The total investment will be about $75 million, and the operaW. R. Grace & Co. announced plans to tion will employ about 300 workers. No establish a new phosphate mine and benedate has been set for startup. ficiation plant on company-owned property Mississippi Chemical Corp. announced in southeastern Hillsborough and norththat it had contracted to buy 14,000,acres eastern Manatee Counties. The new mine of phosphate land in Hardee County and is designated as the Four Corners mine. is planning a mining and processing facilrhe 18,685-acre minesite includes 8,880 ity. Mining is anticipated to begin in acres in Hillsborough County and 9,805 1980. acres in Manatee County. The proposed Noranda Phosphate, Inc., a subsidiary of levelopment of the phosphate mining and Noranda Mines, Limited, of Toronto, Can)eneficiation operation is designed to proluce annually a maximum of 5 million :ons of phosphate for a projected 15to kel and Qaeder. n 8 .5. September 20-year period. Construction is scheduled 1975, p. 28. to begin late in 1978 after approval of 8Tampa Tribune. Dec. 2. 1975. bi"Tampa Tribune. July 6, 1975. necessary mining and environmental per"sHerald-Advocate. July 18, 1975. mits. The scope of the operation will inLakeland Leuner. Apr. 82, 1975. elude (1) the open pit extraction of the 21 Wauchula Herald-Advocate. Apr. 24, 1975. phosphate matrix by dragline, andGainesville Sun. Jan. 7, 1975. phosphate matrix by dragline, and (2) the Wauchula Herald-Advocate. Aug. 28. 1975.

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12 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975 Table 7.-Florida: Construction aggregate (blended sand and gravel) and industrial sand and gravel sold or used commercially by producers (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 1974 1975 Use Quantity Value Quantity Value Processed: Concrete aggregate (including use in ready-mixed concrete) : Nonresidential and residential construction.6,746 9,382 8,784 5,592 Highway and bridge construction --------1,075 1,816 220 862 Other construction (dama, waterworks. airports, etc.) ------------195 801 80 97 Concrete products (cement block, brick, pipe, etc.) ----------3,749 5,141 2,882 3,612 Bituminous paving (asphalt and tar paving) ..-529 672 635 861 Road base and subbase --------------------75 1,227 282 458 Fill ----------------------------1,286 1,101 442 519 Other -----------------------------------------W W Unprocessed: Roadbase and subbase ------------------------948 975 214 251 Fill -----------------------------------------4,161 2,961 2,394 1,694 Other ------------------------------------222 152 Industrial sand and gravel -----------------------727 3,940 710 4,181 Total ------------------------20,115 27,516 11,374 17,634 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data: included in total. I Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. Staurolite.-Staurolite was recovered as tershell for road base material. Of the total a byproduct of ilmenite production at the crushed limestone sold or used by proHighland and Trail Ridge plants of E. I. ducers, 28% was used for concrete aggredu Pont de Nemours & Co. in Clay gate, 34% for dense-graded road base, 10% County. Both output and value decreased for bituminous aggregate, 4% for cement from 1974 levels. It was principally used manufacture, 2% for agricultural use, and in sandblasting, and minor amounts were the remainder for miscellaneous uses. used for cement. Florida was the only State Eighty-seven percent of the stone was with a recorded production of staurolite. hauled by truck, 11% was moved by rail, Stone.-Total stone output, including and the remainder was shipped by watercrushed limestone, dolomite, and oysterway. shell, was 39 million tons valued at $73 Sulfur.-Recovered sulfur from petromillion. Florida ranked eighth in the Naleum production at Exxon's desulfurization tion in terms of stone output in 1975. plant in Santa Rosa County increased from Crushed limestone output decreased 29% 249,000 long tons in 1974 to 285,000 in and its value decreased 28%, reflecting the 1975. The value of byproduct sulfur is not continued downward trend in homebuildincluded in the State's mineral production ing and highway projects. The stone was value. produced from 119 quarries in 22 counties Vermiculite.-Exfoliated vermiculite was in 1975, compared with production from produced by two operators at four plants 96 quarries in 20 counties in 1974. Dade, in Broward, Duval, and Hillsborough Hernando, and Broward Counties, in that Counties from crude ore shipped into the order, were the principal producing counState. The exfoliated vermiculite was used ties, supplying 69% of the total production for lightweight aggregate, plaster aggreand 68% of the total value. Eleven corgate, insulation, and other purposes. The panies operated 24 quarries accounting for value of vermiculite is not included in 70% of the crushed stone output and 63% the State's mineral production value. of the value. One company processed oys-

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 1 Table 8.-Florida: Crushed limestone sold or used by producers, by county (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 1974 1975 Number Number County of Quantity Value of Quantity Value quarries quarries Alachua --------------------------4 3,449 3,245 4 2,516 2,404 Brevard -----------------------1 178 220 1 112 149 Broward ----------------------18 9,185 17,568 18 4,982 8,275 Citrus ----------------------------5 968 1,886 6 790 1,542 Collier ---------------------------10 2,628 6,008 9 1,071 2,884 Dade ----------------------18 18,861 28,488 18 14,818 28,068 Hernando ------------------------8 8,670 20,888 6 7,386 17,776 Levy ----------------------------286 247 3 245 290 Marion -------------------7 1,255 3,119 7 1,039 3,384 Monroe ---------------------------1 550 1,296 1 358 881 Okeechobee -----------------------1 66 W 1 W W Pasco --------2 3852 611 2 214 848 Polk ----------.------------------1 112 141 1 78 96 Sumter --------------4 4,163 5,865 5 2,635 3,824 Suwannee 1. 4 W W 8 865 2,648 Taylor -------------1 W W 1 198 578 Undistributed ------8 4,409 11,401 38 1,758 4,897 Totals -----96 54,560 100,378 119 88,556 72,084 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." 1 Includes Dixie (1975), Hendry (1975), Jackson, Lee, Manatee, and Palm Beach Counties, and counties indicated by symbol W. s Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. Table 9.-Florida: Crushed limestone sold or used by producers, by use (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 1974 1975 Use Quantity Value Quantity Value Bituminous aggregate ..--..--....----.. 4,980 10,841 4,080 8,800 Concrete aggregate .---------------------14,918 82,809 10,668 22,618 Dense-graded roadbase stone ---------------------19,114 24,590 12,950 16,688 Macadam aggregate -------------------------260 458 161 274 Surface treatment aggregate ----------------------5,407 18,699 2,000 6,201 Other construction aggregate and roadstone ---.---. 2,089 8,479 2,892 4,085 Agricultural limestone I -----------.--.. .-. .---1,478 5,154 942 8,112 Cement manufacture -----------------------------1,840 2,412 1,446 2,023 Fill -------------------------------------1,802 2,756 1,610 1,946 Manufactured fine aggregate (stone sand) ---------. 1,779 3,180 1,201 2,874 Riprap and jetty stone --------------------------218 547 158 451 Other uses ----------------------------------725 1,504 997 8,566 Total -----------------------------54,660 100,878 88,556 72,084 11974 data include soil conditioners, poultry grit and mineral food. a Data include stone used in fillers, lime manufacture, railroad ballast, soil conditioners, poultry grit and mineral food (1975). 8 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. METALS phreys mining operations in the Boulogne, Fla., area. Metals accounted for less than 2% of Titanium Concentrates.-Titanium Enthe State's total mineral production value. terprises produced rutile from its Green Rare Earth Minerals.-Hunphreys MinCove Springs plant. Output increased ing Co., Nassau County, and Titanium Enover that of 1974. E. I. du Pont de Nemterprises, Clay County, produced monazite ours & Co. and Titanium Enterprises proconcentrate. Production in Florida induced ilmenite concentrate from their creased dramatically owing to the Humplants in Clay County, and Humphreys

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14 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1976 Mining Co. produced ilmenite concentrate distribution to the Florida Gas Transmisfrom its mine in Nassau County. Overall sion Pipeline Co., the gas was stripped of production increased slightly from that of natural gas liquids at a plant in Jay field, 1974. northern Santa Rosa County. Zircon Concentrate.-Production of zirPeat.-Peat production increased from con concentrate from the E. I. du Pont de 67,000 tons valued at $616,000 in 1974 to Nemours & Co. Trail Ridge plant and the 100,895 tons valued at $1,037,000 in 1975. Titanium Enterprises Green Cove Springs The 50% increase in production was acplant, both in Clay County, decreased companied by a 68% increase in value. 22% from that of 1974. The value was Petroleum.-Total oil production in 106% higher than that reported in 1974, Florida was 41.9 million barrels in 1975. reflecting the continued high demand for The 15% increase was primarily atzircon. tributed to development of the Blackjack Creek field. The Jay field yielded 76% MINERAL FUELS of the total crude oil production in the State. The wellhead value of northwest Mineral fuels produced were natural Florida high-grade crude averaged $12.58 gas, natural gas liquids, crude petroleum, per barrel in January 1975." and peat. These commodities accounted Crude petroleum production from south for 32% of the total State mineral producFlorida was derived entirely from the tion value in 1975. Lower Cretaceous age Sunniland LimeNatural Gas.-Total net sales of natural stone Formation. The average depth of gas in Florida in 1975 were about 39 development wells in the Sunniland trend billion cubic feet. The difference between is about 11,500 feet. There were 74 prothe total net sales volume and the 44.4 bilducing wells in 8 fields in this trend. lion cubic feet measured at the wellhead Approximately 4.8 million barrels of was a 12.3% HIS, CO,, and N, content, crude oil ranging from 25° to 320 API plus plant losses and inplant consumption gravity and representing 11% of Florfor combustion purposes. All of the gas ida's total production came from south sold was from the Blackjack Creek and Jay Florida fields. Wellhead prices ranged from fields, except a small quantity that was $5.66 per barrel in January to $9.50 per produced from the nearby Mount Carmel barrel in December 1975 for old and new field. The Florida Gas Transmission Pipeoil combined. line Co. sold the natural gas to industrial g customers in the Pensacola area. Prior to to Florida Department of Revenue. Table 10.-Florida: Oil and gas well drilling completions, by county Proved field wells 1 Exploratory wells Total County Number Oil Gas Dry Oil Gas Dry of Footage wells Calhoun -------------------_ -..1 1 12,140 Collier ---------------2 ...7 9 116,268 Gulf -----------------1 1 14,570 Hendry -------------------1 --8 7 78,288 Lake --------------2 2 ,228 Lee -----------2 -2 .. .. 2 6 78,478 Liberty -------------------1 1 12,454 Manatee -----------.. ... 1 1 11,600 Marion ------1 1 4,102 Monroe ----------.. .. ..1 1 18,000 Palm Beach --------.. .. 1 1 16,848 St. Lucie --------------------1 1 12,652 Santa Rosa 8 _1 --8 12 194,450 Taylor --------.. .2 2 14,981 Total -........ 16 -4 .. .. 27 46 680,144 1Development wells as defined by American Petroleum Institute. Source: American Petroleum Institute.

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FLORIDA 15 Table 11.-Principal producers Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Cement: General Portland Inc ----.-4400 Republic National Plants -------Dade and Bank Tower, Box 824 Hillsborough. Dallas, Tex. 75221 Lehigh Portland Cement Co.1 -718 Hamilton St. Plant -------Dade. Allentown, Pa. 18105 Pennsuco Cement & Box 2085 PVS ---do -------Do. Aggregates. Hialeah, Fla. 88012 Clays: Engelhard Minerals & Menlo Park Open pit minesGadsden. Chemicals Corp. Edison, N.J. 08817 Mid-Florida Mining ---------Box 68-F ---do ----. .Marion. Lowell, Fla. 32668 Pennsylvania Glass Sand CorpBerkeley Springs, W.Va. ---do -------Gadsden. 25411 Gypsum (chlcined): Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp300 Lakeside Dr. Plant ------Duval. Oakland, Calif. 94612 National Gypsum Co --..--... 325 Delaware Ave. ---do -------Hillsborough. Buffalo. N.Y. 14202 United States Gypsum Co --101 South Wacker Dr. --do -------Duval. Chicago, Ill. 60606 Lime: Chemical Lime, Inc ..-----.. -Box 250 ..-do -------Hernando. Ocala, Fla. 32670 Dixie Lime & Stone Co.1 --Drawer 217 ---do ------Sumter. Ocala, Fla. 82670 Magnesium compounds: Basic Magnesia, Inc.2 -------.Box 160 .-do ------Gulf. Port St. Joe. Fla. 82456 Peat: Raymond Johnson -----------Box 555 Bog -----Orange. Zellwood, Fla. 32798 Oxford Peat Co -------------Box 154 Bog ---------Sumter. Oxford, Fla. 82684 Peace River Peat, Inc -------Box 1192 Bog -----Polk. Bartow, Fla. 33880 F. E. Stearns Peat --------Rt. 1 Box 847-I Bog ----------Hillsborough. Valrico, Fla. 33594 Traxler Peat Co -----------Box 10 Bog --------Putnam. Florahome, Fla. 32635 Perlite (expanded) : Airlite Processing Corp. of Rt. 2, Box 740 Plant ------Indian River. Florida. Vero Beach, Fla. 82960 Armstrong Cork Co --------Box 1991 ..-do -------Escambia. Pensacola, Fla. 32589 Chemrock Corp ------------End of Osage St. ..do ------Duval. Nashville, Tenn. 37208 W. R. Grace & Co.3 .------62 Whittemore Ave. --do ------Broward. Cambridge, Mass. 02140 Petroleum (crude): Exxon Co., U.S.A -----------Box 2024 Wells -------Santa Rosa. Houston. Tex. 77001 Sun Oil Co ----------------Box 2880 .-do ----.. -Collier and Dallas, Tex. 75221 Hendry. Petroleum (refined): Seminole Asphalt Refining, Inc Box 128 Refinery --Wakulla. St. Marks, Fla. 82355 Phosphate rock: Agrico Chemical Co ---------Box 3166 Open pit mines Polk. Tulsa, Okla. 74101 and plants. Borden, Inc -----------------Box 790 Open pit mine Do. Plant City, Fla. 83566 and plant. Brewster Phosphates -------Bradley. Fla. 33835 --------do ------Do. Gardinier, Inc -----------Box 3269 ---do -------Do. Tampa. Fla. 88601 International Minerals & Box 867 Open pit Do. Chemical Corp. Bartow, Fla. 33880 mines. Mobil Oil Corp.* ------------Box 811 ---do -------Do. Nichols, Fla. 33868 Occidental Petroleum Corp ---White Springs. Fla. 32096Open pit mineHamilton. Swift Chemical Co --------Box 208 Open pit Polk. Bartow. Fla. 88880 mines. USS Agri-Chemicals, Inc----Box 867 Open pit mineDo. Ft. Meade, Fla. 88841 See footnotes at end of table.

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16 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1975 Table 11.-Principal producers-Continued Commodity and company Address Type of activity *County Sand and gravel: :/ General Development Corp .--. 1111 South Bayshore Dr. Pits --------Brevard and Miami, Fla. 83181 -St. Lucie. Ortona Sand Co -----First & East Tillman Dredge------Hendry. Lake Wales, Fla. 88853 Seminole Rock Products, Inc -8100 N.W. 74th.St. ---do ------Dade. Miami, Fla. 88166 Standard Sand & Silica Co -Box 35 Pit ---------Polk. Davenport, Fla. 33837 Warren Bros. Co -----Fairfield, Maine 04987 -Pit ---------Sarasota. Stanrolite: E. L du Pont de Nemours & DuPont Bldg. D-10084 Plant -------.: Clay. Co.5 Wilmington, Del. 19898 Stone: Florida Crushed Stone Co --Box 668 Quarries -----Hernando and Ocala. Fla. 32670 Sumter. Florida Mining and Materials Box 59351 Quarry ...----. Heriando. Corp. Miami, Fla. 33159 Florida Rock Industries. Inc." -Box 4667 Quarries .---..Collier, Lee, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Sumter, Suwannee. Houdaille-Duvall-Wright Co -Box 1588 Dredge ---Alachua and Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Broward. Maule Industries, Inc ----Box 2601 Quarries ---Dade. Hialeah, Fla. 33012 Sterling Crushed Stone Co --Miami, Fla. 33163 --------do -------Do. Titanium concentrates: Titanium Enterprises 7 Box 1036 Mine and Clay. Green Cove Springs, Fla. plant. 32048 1Also stone. SAlso lime. 3Also phosphate rock and exfoliated vermiculite. Also elemental phosphorus. SAlso titanium and zircon concentrates. a Also sand and gravel TAlso zircon concentrate, and rare-earth oxides and thorium oxide in monazite concentrate. '

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