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China-U.S. joint muddy coast research, part 3, in-situ suspended sediment measurement in Hangzhou Bay, China, data summary, 1985-89

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Title:
China-U.S. joint muddy coast research, part 3, in-situ suspended sediment measurement in Hangzhou Bay, China, data summary, 1985-89
Series Title:
UFL/COEL (University of Florida. Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Laboratory) ; 90/017
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Costa, R.C.F.G.
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Gainesville, FL
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Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida
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Subjects / Keywords:
Estuarine oceanography
Hangzhou Bay, China
Coasts -- China
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China -- Hangzhou Bay

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This publication is being made available as part of the report series written by the faculty, staff, and students of the Coastal and Oceanographic Program of the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering.

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UFL/COEL-90/017

China U.S. Joint Muddy Coast Research, Part III, In-Situ Suspended Sediment Measurement, Hangzhou Bay, China
by
R.C.F.G. Costa; Jingzhi Feng; A.J. Mehta and Hsiang Wang

December 1990
Sponsor:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research Center DACW 39-86-K-0009




SECURIrY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
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6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION
Coastal & Oceanographic (if applicable) Coastal Engineering Research Center
Engineering IWaterways Experiment Station
6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (Ctty, State, and ZIP Code)
336 Weil Hall University of Florida P. O. Box 631
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P. 0. Box 631 ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO.
Vicksburg, MS 39180-0631
11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)
China U.S. Joint Muddy Coast Research, Part III, In-Situ Suspended Sediment Measurement,
Hangzhou Bay, China
12. PERSONAL AUTHORS)
R.C.F.G. Costa, Jingzhi Feng, A.J. Mehta and Hsiang Wang
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year. Month, Day) IS. PAGE COUNT
Final FROM TO 1990, December 10
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
17. COSAlI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)
FIELD I GROUP I SUB-GROUP
19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)
The final report consists of three parts. This Part III summarizes the in-situ
suspended sediment measurement collected at a fixed location along the south shore
of Hangzhou Bay.
This data set consists of information during two deployment, the first one in
May 14-16, 1988 and the second in August 4-5, 1989.
20. DISTRIBUTION/ AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
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83 APR edition may be used until exhausted.
All other editions are obsolete.

SSECURITY LASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

OD FORM 1473, s4 MAR




China-U.S. Joint Muddy Coast Research,
Part III, In-Situ Suspended Sediment Measurement,
Hangzhou Bay, China
by
R.C.F.G. Costa; Jingzhi Feng; A.J. Mehta and Hsiang Wang

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Coastal Engineering Research Center Contract No. DACW 39-86-K-0009

December 1990




Preface

This is Part III of three reports documenting a joint research project between the People's Republic of China and the United States to study the muddy coast environment. They are: Part I: A Review of Hydrological and Sedimentary Processes, Hangzhong Bay, China. Part II: In-Situ Wave Current and Tide Measurement in Hangzhou Bay, China, Data
Summary, 1985-89.
Part III: In-Situ Suspended Sediment Measurement, Hangzhou Bay, China.
The project was jointly sponsored by the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power of China and the Army Corps of Engineers of the United States, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Contract No. DACW 39-86-K-009. The aim of the project was to achieve a better understanding of muddy coast sedimentary process under the influence of strong tidal current and waves.
Originally, the project was to be a three-year effort to review available information, implement in-situ measurements and, finally, conduct synoptic current-wave-sediment measurements over nine tidal cycles. The project was terminated in two-years upon mutual agreement. The final phase of the project was not carried out.
The following persons were participants at various stages of the projects:
From Coastal Engineering Research Center, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers:
Andrew Garcia (Project monitor in the first phase).
James Huston (First instrument deployment).
David McGehee (Project monitor in the second phase).
From Hohai University, People's Republic of China:
Guo Da (Project Manager)
Wu Jian-Guo (Data Collection) Xue H-Chao (Historical Review)




Yan, Yi-Xin (Data Collection and Analysis)
Zhong, Hu-Sui (Data Collection)
From the University of Florida, Coastal & Oceanographic Engineering Department:
Sidney L. Schofield (Instrumentation and Field Deployment)
Ashish J. Mehta (Suspended Sediment Measurement)
Harley Winer (Field Deployment)
Hsiang Wang (Project Manager)
The team also received strong technical and logistic support from the local government of CiXi Prefecture Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Engineering Research. Li-Hwa Lin, R.C.F.G. Costa and Jingzhi Feng, of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department performed data analysis.




TABLE OF CONTENTS
P R E FA C E ................................................................... 1
LIST OF FIG U RES ........................................................ 4
PART III: Suspended Sediment Measurement ........................... 8
FIELD EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES .............................. 8
First Deployment (May 14-16,1988) .......................................... 8
Second Deployment (August 4-5, 1989) ...................................... 11
DATA PRE-PROCESSING .............................................. 11
DATA PRESENTATION ................................................. 17
SU M M A RY ................................................................ 19
R EFER EN CES ............................................................ 20
APPENDIX
Series C
First Deployment (May 14-16,1988) ......................................... 21
Series B
Second Deployment (August 4-5, 1989) ...................................... 50




LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE
1 Measurement Tower and Positions of the Instrument used in the First
Deployment ....... ................................ 9
2 Self-Cleaning Partech TT10 Turbidity Meter .................. 10
3 Instrument Tower .................................... 10
4 Measurement Tower and Positions of the Instrument Used in Second
Deployment ........ ................................ 12
5 Trend removal from the Measured Records (Deployment C2, Data
Block 2). a) Measured c2 (Upper Level); b) c2 After Trend Removal;
c) Measured u2 (Upper Level); d) u2 After Trend Removal ...... ..14
6 Examples of the Filtering Procedure Applied to the Measured u2,
Velocity Data at the Upper Level (Deployment C3, Block 7). a)
Measured u2; b) Pressure Record; c) i2; d) u2 ................ 16
C.1 Water Depth Variation During Test C.2 (5/14/88) .............. 22
C.2 Water Depth Variation During Test C.3 (5/15/88) .............. 22
C.3 Time-Variations of Mean Velocities u, vU, V2 and T2, during test C.2. 23 C.4 Time-Variations of Mean Velocities Ulj, V1, V2 and T2, during test C.3. 24 C.5 Time-Variations of Mean Suspension Concentrations C, and C2 During Test C.2 ....... ................................ 25
C.6 Time-Variations of Mean Suspension Concentrations C, and C2 During Test C.3 ....... ................................ 26
C.7 Time-Variations of rms Velocities Ultr,, Vlrms U2rms and W2rms, During Test C.2 ....... ................................ 27
C.8 Time-Variations of rms Velocities Ultrm,, Vlrm,, U2rma and W2rms, During Test C.3 ....... ................................ 28




C.9 Spectral Density for C1, C2, u1, V1, u2 and w2, C.2 1230 hr. C.10 Spectral Density for C1, C2, u1, v1, u2 and w2, C.2 1300 hr.

C.11 Spectral Density for C1, C.12 Spectral Density for C1, C.13 Spectral Density for C1, C.14 Spectral Density for C1, C.15 Spectral Density for C1, C.16 Spectral Density for C1, C.17 Spectral Density for C1, C.18 Spectral Density for C1, C.19 Spectral Density for C1, C.20 Spectral Density for C1, C.21 Spectral Density for C1, C.22 Spectral Density for C1, C.23 Spectral Density for C1, C.24 Spectral Density for C1, C.25 Spectral Density for C1, C.26 Spectral Density for C1, C.27 Spectral Density for C1, C.28 Spectral Density for C1, C.29 Spectral Density for C1,

C2, U19 Vl U2 C2, U19 V1) U2 C2, U1, V19 U2 C2, U19 V19 u2 C2, U1, V1, U2 C2, U1, V1) U2 C2, U1, V1, U2 C2, UI VI, U2 C2, U1, VI, U2 C2, U1, V1, U2 C2, U, V, U2 C2, Ul, V1, U2 C2, U1, V1) U2 C2, UI, VI, U2 C2, U1, V1, U2 C2, U1, VI, U2 C2, U1, V1, U2 C2, U1, VI, U2 C2 U1, V1 U2

and w2, C.2 1330 hr. and w2, C.2 1400 hr. and w2, C.2 1430 hr. and w2, C.2 1500 hr. and w2, C.3 1400 hr. and w2, C.3 1500 hr. and w2, C.3 1600 hr. and w2, C.3 1700 hr. and w2, C.3 1800 hr. and w2, C.3 1900 hr. and w2, C.3 2000 hr. and w2, C.3 2100 hr. and w2, C.3 2200 hr. and w2, C.3 2300 hr. and w2, C.3 0000 hr. and w2, C.3 0100 hr. and w2, C.3 0200 hr. and w2, C.3 0300 hr. and w2, C.3 0400 hr.

B.2 Time-Variation of Water Depth. Time-Series Begins at 1400 hrs on
8/04/89 .........................................
B.3 Time-Variation of Significant Wave Height ..................
B.4 Time-Variation of Mean Velocities U1, T1, u2, v2. Note That +
Values Correspond to Flood and Values to Ebb .............

. . 31

... 34
. .. 35
.... 36
.... 37
... 38
.... 39
.... 40
. . 41
... 42
.... 43
.... 44
.... 45
.... 46
.... 47
.... 48
.... 49




B.5 Time-Variation of Mean Suspended Sediment Concentrations C1 and
C2* ***......................................
B.6 Hysteresis Between Ul and z1Ii1| During Flood (+ v1lvi) and Ebb
(- V11VI) Phases. Numbers Next to Data Points Indicate Time in H ours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.7 Hysteresis Between C2 and V, I1I During Flood (+ V 1IV1) and Ebb
(- vlvil]) Phases. Numbers Next to Data Points Indicate Time in H ours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.8 Time-Variations of rms Velocities ulrms8, Wlrms, U2rms and v2rme .*

B.9 Spectral Density of Wave Height, H (1400 1900 hrs) . . . . B.10 Spectral Density of Wave Height, H (2000 2500 hrs) . . . . B.11 Spectral Density of Wave Height, H (2600 3100 hrs) . . . . B.12 Spectral Density of Wave Height, H (3200 3700 hrs) . . . . B.13 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, U1, w1, u2 and v2 (1400 hr) . . . .

B.14 Spectral Densites of C1,

B.15 Spectral Densites B.16 Spectral Densites B.17 Spectral Densites B.18 Spectral Densites B.19 Spectral Densites B.20 Spectral Densites B.21 Spectral Densites B.22 Spectral Densites B.23 Spectral Densites

of C1, of C1, of C1, of C1,
of C1, of C1, of C1, of C1, of C1,

B.24 Spectral Densites of C1,

C2, U1, W1, C2 U1, W1, C2, U1, Wi, C2, Ul, W1, C2, U1, W1, C2, U1, Wl, C2, 1, W1, C2, U1, W1, C2, U1, Wi, C2, Ul, W1, C2, U1, W1,

B.25 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2

and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2

(1500 hr) . . . (1600 hr) . . . .
(1700 hr) . . . .
(1800 hr) . . . .
(1900 hr) . . . .
(2000 hr) . . . .
(2100 hr) . . . .
(2200 hr) . . . (2300 hr) . . . .
(2400 hr) . . . .
(2500 hr) . . . .
(2600 hr) . . . .

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

B.26 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (2700 hr).

. . 73




B.27 Spectral Densites of C1, Cs, U1, wl, u2 B.28 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 B.29 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, U1, w1, u2 B.30 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, U1, w1, u2 B.31 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, U1, W1, u2 B.32 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, ul, w1, u2 B.33 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, U1, W1, U2 B.34 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 B.35 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, W1, u2 B.36 Spectral Densites of C1, C2, u1, wI, u2

and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and v2 and V2 and v2 and v2 and v2

(2800 hr) . . . 74
(2900 hr) . . . 75
(3000 hr) . . . 76
(3100 hr) . . . 77
(3200 hr) . . . 78
(3300 hr) . . . 79
(3400 hr) . . . 80
(3500 hr) . . . 81
(3600 hr) . . . 82
(3700 hr) . . . 83




PART III
Suspended Sediment Measurement
by
R.C.F.G. Costa; Jingzhi Feng; A.J. Mehta and Hsiang Wang
1 FIELD EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
The suspended field measurement program was carried out in two separate deployments, the first one during May 14-16, 1988 and the second during August 4-5, 1989. The measurements were made by a joint team of the Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department of UF and of the Hohai University, China.
First Deployment (May 14-16, 1988)
In the first deployment, the instrument package was mounted on a pile stabilized by mooring lines. The instrument package consisted of a pressure gage, two turbidity meters and two electromagnetic current meters, at two different levels. A turbidity meter (Partech SDM16), an EM current meter (Marsh McBirney, model 512, with a ball diameter of 4 cm) measuring along two horizontal directions (x and y) and the pressure gage were installed at the lower level. A turbidity meter (Partech TT1O self cleaning unit) and a second EM current meter (of the same model) measuring along an horizontal and a vertical direction (x and z) were located at the upper level. The x direction was taken along the dominant direction of the ebb/flood current (at an angle of 1400 to the magnetic N). Figure 1 shows the instrument arrangement. Figure 2 shows a self-cleaning Partech TT10 turbidity meter.
The measurement data were sampled at a rate of 4 Hz and recorded with data-loggers. A preliminary measurement took place on May, 13th, with the purpose of testing the equipment (deployment C1). Two experiments were then carried out: in the first, on May, 14th, six sampling periods of 10 minutes each, separated by intervals of 30 minutes, were measured (deployment C2); in the second which begun on May, 15th, fifteen sampling periods of 5 minutes each, separated by 60 minute intervals and encompassing a full tidal cycle,




3.2 to 6.8m during Measurement Period
D

.9

-JEE

2.75m

1 .25m

/7 /7 /777 7 /7 7.

- EM Meter, Channels 4 (u,), 5 (vi)
- Pressure Gage, Channel 1
- Turbidity Meter, Channel 3
- EM Meter, Channels 6 (w,), 7(u.)
- Turbidity Meter, Channel .2

Figure 1: Measurement Tower and Positions of the Instrument used in the First Deployment.




Figure 2: Self-Cleaning Partech TT10 Turbidity Meter.

Figure 3: Instrument Tower.




were measured (deployment 03).
Second Deployment (August 4-5, 1989)
The second deployment was carried out on an instrument tower shown in Figure 3, which was erected at approximately the same location as the first one. The arrangement of the instruments was also similar to the first deployment with the exception that the pressure gage was located at a different elevation (Figure 4).
Twenty-four data blocks were obtained, each consisting of seven time-series (pressure, velocities U1, W1, U2, V2, and suspended sediment concentrations C1 and C2) of 5 minutes duration at a sampling rate of 4 Hz. This second deployment is assigned as deployment D.
2 DATA PRE-PROCESSING
The procedures for data pre-processing was developed by Costa (1989) for the first deployment. The same procedure was followed for the second deployment.
After decodification the data records measured in Hangzhou Bay were pre-processed in order to separate the different physical processes involved. In general terms, a measured variable e can be represented as
e ='6 + et + j+ el (1)
where e is the time-average part, et the tidally induced part (tidal trend), a the wave induced part and e' the turbulent part.
For the analysis of the random variations involved both -e and et must be eliminated from the records. In general et can be assumed to have a linear variation with time during short measurement periods as was the case; however, due to the importance of plume effects in the local sediment dynamics, trends (tidal or others) were removed through subtraction from the original records of cubic spline curves representing such trends. These curves were defined for each record by a set of points 'e, which were the average values of groups of n points of the original records; in the present case a value of n = 60 (15 sec averaging) was used. The spline curves defined in such a way showed quasi-linear trends in the case of pressure 11




0.5 to 3.5 During Measurement Period

A 0

I v
- C 2-75 m
1.25 m
IT

A EM Meter, UlW B Pressure Gage C -Turbidity Meter (1) D EM Meter, u2,v2 E Turbidity Meter (2)
Figure 4: Measurement Tower and Positions of the Instrument Used in Second Deployment.

D 0-




and velocity records and more complex features in the case of sediment concentration data (probably due to plume effects), as expected. Examples of trend removal from the measured records are presented in Figure 5.
Once the time average part and the trend are removed from each record, a new variable el can be defined, including both the wave induced and turbulent effects: ei = a+ e' (2)
The separation of these effects from velocity and concentration records can be done through the use of the wave coherent part of the pressure record, in the following way. Considering that the remaining part of the pressure record is P, =f~ + p (3)
and since only the wave induced pressure fluctuations are of interest, the highest detectable wave frequency at the pressure gage level will separate the high frequency (turbulence induced) pressure fluctuations p' from the g component which is assumed to result from waves only. The highest detectable wave frequency can be obtained through linear wave theory, assuming that, for the measured depths and the short period waves observed during the experiment, deep water conditions exist. Under these assumptions and for an average distance d from the pressure gage to the water surface (during the measurement period), the shortest wavelength detected by the gage during the measurement period will be Lo = 2d (4)
and the corresponding frequency
7=! g g (5)
The values of which were computed using this method ranged from 0.34 to 0.50 sec-1. Higher frequencies, resulting from turbulent effects will, consequently, have to be filtered out (lowpass filtering). Defining a finite Fourier transform pair as X(f, T) = jo x(t)e-21rift dt (6)




4.3

4.0
3.7
Z 3.4
3. u TIME (min)
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
3.1 0.6
S0.0
z b)
- 0.3
w
-0. 3111 F 1 wi l. .. ..T 1 .,. i .,j 11.,I..I,
TIME (min)
1 2 3 4, 5 6 7. a 9
-0.6Fu T37 8 9
-0.2 2
a-0.5
-0.05--TIME (min)
-U 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9
0.
- 0.10 "' ,
2). a) Measured 62 (Upper Level); b) c2 After Trend Removal; c) Measured u2 (Upper Level); c) u2 After Trend Removal.
j 0.05>0.00
-0.05-TIME (min)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-0 10 11 - -I
Figure 5: Trend Removal from the Measured Records (Deployment C2, Data Block 2). a) Measured C2 (Upper Level); b) C2 After Trend Removal; c) Measured U2 (Upper Level); c) U2 After Trend Removal.




T
x(t) = X(f,T)e2lift df (7)
where x(t) is a generic random process and X(f,T) its finite Fourier transform, and a frequency response function Hp (f) of the filter as Hy(f) 1
0 f>f
the filtered time series Y(t) will be given by
T
Y(t) = X(f, T)H(f)e2rift df (8)
This procedure can be applied to the pressure data by considering x pl and, consequently,
Once # is obtained, the wave induced parts of the velocity (it, -, to) and concentration
(P) records can be filtered out. Considering again a generic variable el, a complex transfer function of f to a is defined as La(f ,T) Ce, (f,T) (9)
Sp(f, T)
where Cpez and Sp(f, T) are the complex cross spectrum of f and el and the power spectrum of f, respectively. These are defined, for the finite interval T as Ce (f T) = 5* (f T)EI(f T) (10)
1 ~
Sf (f,T) = !P* (f,T)P(f T) (11)
where P and El denote the finite Fourier transforms of P and el, respectively, and /* is the complex conjugate of Equation .9 is valid assuming that e' and # are completely uncorrelated and, consequently: Cg(f,T) + Ce,(f,T) C=(f,T) = LE(f,T) (12)
Sp(f,T) Sp(f,T)
The complex finite spectrum of j can, then, be computed as E(f,T) = Lj(f,T)P(f,T) (13)
15




0.50

0.25S
a -0.25
OW
CC
IS 30 45 so 75 g0 105
-0. SO
0.20
82
Al
0.10
0.00
-0. 10
TIME (SEC) s5 30 4S 60 75 o0 205
0.20
. "So CI
0.00
-O.lS
--0.25"
0.0
- .o.asI ("I
0.25
K--0.25
0 I 0 0
[ME ISECI t 30 MS!s 75 g0 toS
Figure 6: Examples of the Filtering Procedure Applied to the Measured u2, Velocity Data at the Upper Level (Deployment C3, Block 7). a) Measured U2; b) Pressure Record; c) i2; d) u2.




and the wave coherent time series

j f E(f, T)e21uit df (14)
The turbulent part of the record can, finally, be obtained as e (15)
Examples of this filtering procedure are presented in Figure 6.
It should be noted that the previous method relies on two basic assumptions:
1. j and p' can be completely separated through lowpass filtering and there are no
turbulent contributions at frequencies lower than 7.
2. and e' are completely uncorrelated and, consequently C3, = 0.
An evaluation of the validity of these assumptions can be made by computing the correlation coefficients between the time series of P and 3 or e'. Such coefficients showed, generally, values of 0.7 or higher for the 0 and E time series and of 0.3 or lower for the and e' series; these values could be a result of the poor quality of the pressure data. As a general rule a better correlation was found between and i, i, i than between and j; u', v', w' also showed worse correlation with than c' with 5.
3 DATA PRESENTATION
The first deployment produced 6 data blocks of 10 minutes each in the case of deployment C2 and 15 blocks of 5 minutes each in the case of deployment C3. Deployment C2 corresponded to an ebb flow period, while deployment C3, which began during an ebb, including, consequently, a full tidal cycle. The quality of the measured data was considered to be acceptable, except in the case of pressure data which was, in general, poor; transducer malfunction during experiment C3 also caused the loss of the velocity data at the lower measurement level for the last 9 sampling periods and of concentration at both levels




during low concentration periods. Due to these facts the affected data blocks were not used in subsequent analyses.
During the first deployment period wave action was generally weak with H, ranging from 12 cm to 122 cm. The measured mean value of the longitudinal velocity V (i.e. in the direction of the dominant ebb/flood currents) at the upper level during deployment CS (the only complete set of measurements for a tidal cycle) showed maximum velocities of 1.3 and 1.6 in/sec for ebb and flood flows, respectively. The value of the mean velocity in the y direction, U value at the same level, confirming that the alignment of the x axis of measurement was along the predominant direction of the flow. At the upper level T1 also showed values that were lower than the corresponding V by one to two orders of magnitude.
The mean values of the measured concentrations in the data blocks ranged from 3.7 to 4.7 g/l and from 3.8 to 5.7 g/l at the upper and lower levels, respectively, during deployment C2; during deployment C3 average concentrations attained upper values of 4.8 and 5.0 g/l at the upper and lower levels, respectively, but dropped below 1 g/l during LW slack, a short period for which no measurements were available. These values clearly show the high concentration nature of the Hangzhou Bay environment.
All the records for which no instrument malfunction had occurred (see Table 1) were pre-processed according to the methods described to eliminate the time-average part and the trend. These resulted in records of el type variables (concentration or velocity) in which turbulent and wave induced effects are superimposed. These records correspond to the conditions actually existing int he field, i.e., to the velocity fluctuations acting upon the sediment particles and to the measured resulting concentration variations. The poor quality of the presure data prevented the filtering of the wave-coherent parts from most of the records and the procedure prescribed was only applied to three complete data blocks of deployment C2 and to four data blocks of deployment Cs in which some of the records could not be used due to transducer malfunction. This proceduree produced records of turbulent variables of the e' type.




Table 1 Summary of Data Blocks of Acceptable Quality (Deployment 1)
Data Block H8(cm) Tm(sec) E CH24 12 2.98 0.327
CH25 22 2.67 0.199
CH26 33 2.41 0.206
CH36 117 2.03 0.271
CH37 96 2.67 0.226
CH38 *122 2.15 0.117
CH315 31 2.98 0.375
*occured approximately at LW slack.
The second deployment yielded 24 data blocks, each of 5 minutes duration. All the data were sampled at 4 Hz. Consequently, the quality of the pressure data was significantly improved (in the first deployment, the pressure was sampled at 1 Hz).
The significant wave heights were less than 20 cm throughout the deployment. The measured mean value of the longitudinal velocity V at the lower level showed maximum values of 1.05 and 1.3 n/sec for ebb and flood flows, respectively. The vertical velocity component at this level was one order of magnitude smaller (with upper level current meter).
The mean values of the measured concentrations ranged from 4.2 to 5.5 g/1 at the lower level and from 0.2 to 5.3 g/l at the upper level. These values are consistent with the first deployment.
The graphical presentations of the data for the two deployments are presented in the following order:
Series C: First Deployment
Series B: Second Deployment
4 SUMMARY
Simultaneous measurements of suspended sediment concentration, current and water level changes were successfully carried out in Hangzhou Bay, China. The field site was




situated in a high sediment concentration environment. However, this part III report summarized the data obtained in two deployments, the first one during May 14-16, 1988 and
the second one during August 4-5, 1989.
The data was ultilized by Costa (1989) and Feng (1990, 1991) for flow-fine sediment
hysteresis analysis.
5 REFERENCES
Costa, R.C.F.G. (1989). Flow-fine Sediment Hysteresis in Sediment Stratified Coastal Waters.
Report UFL/COEL-89/011, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL.
Feng, J. (1990). Flow-fine Sediment Hysteresis in Sediment Stratified Coastal Waters. Appendix
B: Report UFL/COEL/MP-90/2, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Feng, J. (1991). Flow-fine Sediment Hysteresis in Sediment Stratified Coastal Waters. Appendix
C: Data from First Field Tower Deployment in Hangzhou Bay.
Report UFL/COEL/MP-91/1, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL.




Series C

First Deployment (May 14-16, 1988)




13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

14.5 15.0

Fig. C.I. Water depth variation during test C.2 (5/14/88).

16 18 20 22
TIME (hr)

24 26 28

Fig. C.2. Water depth variation during test C.3 (5/15/88).

I I I I
I I I I

4
2
n

12.5

6
4 C
LU
0
14




1.0
0.8
(n
E 0.6 IM 0.4
0.2
0
12.5

13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

14.5 15.0

-0.3
S-0.6
04J-0.9
-1.2
.1.5 L 12.5

13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

14.5 15.0

0.01 0.008
u)0.006
0.004
0.002
0L 12.5

13.0 13.5
TIME

14.0
(hr)

0.01
0
-0.01
U' -0.02
E
oq -0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06 L 14.5 15.0 12.5

13.0 13.5
TIME

14.0
(hr)

14.5 15.0

Fig. C.3. Time-variations of mean velocities "u, v1,

u 2 and w, during test C. 2.




0.80 E 0.60
0.40

1.50 1.00
-" 0.50 E 0.00 C14
I, -0.50
-1.00
-1.50

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
TIME (hr)

0.05
0.04

o 0.03
E

0.01 -

I

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
TIME (hr)

16 18 20 22 24 26 28
TIME (hr)

0.30 0.25
0.20 0.15 ,g0.10 0.05 0.00
-0.05
-0.10
14 16 18 20 22 24 26
TIME (hr)

Fig. C.4. Time-variations of mean velocities u U, u2 and w2, during test C.3.

I
- I
I
I No Data
I Obtained
I I I I I I I I I I I I




4.0
3.5
0
S3.0
0 2.5z
0
2.0 1
12.5 13.0

2 3.0
0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0 0-

13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

13.5 14.0 TIME (hr)

14.5 15.0 14.5 15.0

Fig. C.5. Time-variations of mean suspension concentrations
C, and C2 during test C.2.




I I I II I I I I I

IC
I 0
- I
Io
- I
I I1 1 II I

I I I I I I

16 18 20 22
TIME (hr)

24 26 28

5.00
c*" 4.00
2 3.00
2.00
z
LU
0
z 1.00
0
0
0.00

4

16 18 20 22 24 26 Z
TIME (hr)

Fig. C.6. Time-variations of mean suspension concentrations
C, and C2 during test C.3.

5.00
IC 4.00
- 3.00
2.00
z UJ
0 z 1.00
0
0

0.00
14

I I I I IIIIIII

- I I
- I I
- I
I t I I I I I~,,,II

0 M
io

I I I I I

I




0.040 0.035 0.030 0.025
0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005
0.00012.5

Cn
E
wn
E',

14.5 15.0

0.040 0.035 0.030 0.025
0.020 0.015 0.010

0.005 K
0.000
12.5

13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0
TIME (hr)

13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

U)
E
E,

14.5 15.0

0.040 0.035 0.030
0.025 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000
1

2.5

13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

14.5 15.0

Fig. C.7. Time-variations of rms velocities Ulrms, Vlrms, U2rms and W2rms, during test C.2.

E
E
1..
1I"

13.0 13.5 14.0
TIME (hr)

E
(n
E=

0.040 0.035 0.030 0.025
0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005
0.000 L
12.5

I I I I
I I I I




0.10
0.08

E 0.06 (n
E 0.04
0.02
n

14 16 18 20 22 24 26
TIME (hr)

0.20

1I I111111 II I
I
- I
I No Data
I Obtained
1 I I I I I I

14 16 18 20 22
TIME (hr)

0.10

0.08
Co
E 0.06 E 0.04
0.02

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 2
TIME (hr)

E
n 0.10
E0.05 i 0.05

16 18 20 22 24 26 28
TIME (hr)

Fig. C.8. Time-variations of rms velocities Ulrms' Vlrms, U2rms and W2rms, during test C.3.

E
(0
E
C14

24 26 28

I I I I I ;I I II I I I I
I7
I
I
- I
No Data Obtained
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I




10-1 C.' 10.2
0 2 Fn 10-3
0
10.3
10-4 10
c
EL 5 0n r

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

ai 10-1
~10-2
0
< 10-4
- 10-5 C, n

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.9. Spectral density plots for C C2, U1, V1I U2 and w2,

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) test C.2 1230 hr.




CO
I I I I I0. i
?i)
10"2L r "2
C-0)
- 310
100 3 z
10-4
10- s
--0
10
U) 10- u10-5 _ '
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Fig. C.10. Spectral density plots for C C2, Ul, V1,

~0
U-3
w C.)
co

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4
FREQUENCY

0.6
(Hz)

u2 and w2, test C.2 1300 hr.




uc'
C)
z
Lu
0
F
',14
0
(L .J
I-
i-
w
031

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.11. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, U1, Vl1

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

u
0
ILl
I-
0 LJ
I11 C.) ,1
U)

u 2 and w2, test C.2 1330 hr.




O~ u_ 10 C"
< 10
0
4
10"
0
w
CL 101-Cn 0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

(1)
a'J 0 10 C.)
O. 0-1
c101 I-
m -3F 1 (i 10 I 1-n5 10.4
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.12. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, U1, V1 a

u2 and w2, test C.2 1400 hr.




U)
a 10" 5 2 LL 10
0
-1
S10-2
..J
10
rn 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)
_j 4 < 10.
LL "o
0.
c-10-45 n 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 FREQUENCY (Hz)
Cn 0
LL 10-1
Mf 2
2: 10-LJ
ca ion 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.13. Spectral density plots for Ci, C2, Ul, V1, U2 and 2 test C.2 1430 hr.




c -."10 -2= i i I I I I = 10-2:
10-3 10 10
~)02
LL 10- 4-.
10- i l l10-4 I I I I t I 10-4 I I I. I.
u) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
10- I Il, 0 I I I I10 "21 1 1
o 0 0
- 10-2 10
LL uL
w 0.2 0 -c0C
a
10.3 5, 0. 401 -- 4
C- -0- W10
u 10-4 I I I I I I I 1 8 104 I I I I I I I 10-5 I I I I I I I
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Uf)
o 0
-2 0
z z
0 0 0
-3 0-4
.. 10 1
M 4 11 11 I I I I I I I I "05
n100.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 100.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.14. Spectral density plots for C, C2, U1, V ,

U2 and w2, test C.2 1500 hr.




a 10-2
0
10-3
n- 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1n

S100 2
-J 4 .< 10-5
10
C. 10Cn 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz) 'It 100)
O 2
LJL 10"4
I--
0 io "
,-w 1 o0 000204 .
FREUECY.4z

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.8 0.8

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.15. Spectral density plots for C,, C2, U V11 U2 and w2, test C.3 1400 hr.




U)J
04
0)
C,
LL
0
I
z
ILl
0
LJ
(L C-)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

10 1 10.2 10"
m 10.40 C0)
0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.16. Spectral density plots for C 1, C2, U1, V1 a

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

u2 and w2, test C.3 1500 hr.




10 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
. FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.17. Spectral density plots for CI, C2, Ul, Vl, u2 and w2, test C.3 1600 hr.

10-' 1
0.0




U)
LI..
0
C.)
z I
-J
I
C-) LLI C3L 0'}

10' L
0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

-
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.18. Spectral density plots for CI, C2, Ul, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 1700 hr.

10 l I I I I I I I I
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)




a. 100 .102- .10"1 I
>- > o10-1a 1 &.= u z z 10-
0 1- 0 0
W -4
z-. 02 1010 0
n = = o 1
n 10-5~I I I 1 I 10-5 I ''' 10-5sIII
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
o F10-3 O
00
10. 0
10-5 0 104 l
~~~No Data- I: "
4l Cr. CC
S0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
F 1 S ts 10C -V1, U2 and wt8
"10" 00
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Fig. C.l9. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, Ul, Vl, u2 and w2, test C.3 1800 hr.




FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

Cj 10
--2,
= 10
U
0
010 cc 5 U)-100.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.20. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, U1, V1, U2 and W21 test C.3 1900 hr.

No Data Obtained

No Data Obtained




C': 100
,,-. 10
0
10-2
10
I
-j
104
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

o..100 -1
10"
Cb,
IL
z
m 10-2

.3
m 10-
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

I I I I I I
0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.21. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, U1, Vl, U2 and w2, test C.3 2000 hr.

No Data Obtained

No Data
Obtained

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

No Data Obtained

No Data Obtained




0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-1
z10I-
*': 4 I-J C.)
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4
FREQUENCY

0.6
(Hz)

Fig. C.22. Spectral density plots for CI, C2, U1, V1, u2 and w2, test C.3 2100 hr.

No Data Obtained

No Data Obtained




10-61 I I I I I I I I
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

u
0)
U)
z I-
0
LJ
I
(n)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-2
LLJ
o 2=
_10
z
01"
I
C-)
cnl 10-4
0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.23. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, Ul, V11 U2 and w2, test C.3 2200 hr.

No Data Obtained




10-2 01 0 1 1 1 I I
C'. --O tie-" 1
C37
U. L. LL
o 10-3 o
No Data 3
z Obtained 1
- 4 0 )
10
cc
10 __--_
..J.
S10- I I u ~10-4 IJ I I I I
a.10"5 W
C/ 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
10-1 II i I I I 10-1 i i
2 :3
,, 10"2 u. ,
O -o0 0 2
. 10"
- -3 No Data
z 10 z Obtained
a ,- 10~
- -10
I-- I- I---10
CL CL C)
C 10-5 1 1 11 1" u0 __10-4 I I I I I I
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Fig. C.24. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, Ul, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 2300 hr.




* -2
2
LLu- 10
0
O 3
z 10" E
Lu :
-j 4 < 10-4 I
C-)
Ca- 10-5" S 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)
U,
C 10-1 37)
O 2 u- 10=
0
C, 3 z 10 Lu
a
10"
-I 5
L 10Cn 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

U)
w
*15
Lu 1-J
CL
a
11l

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-2 1 -21 1 1 1 1
a4 O -3 10
C.'
a
Iu
o
W10
010-5 aa0 a !
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.25. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, Ul, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 0000 hr.

No Data
Obtained

No Data Obtained




,. 101 10
0 -2
0
S10-3
z
4
10.
cc
C-)
w 5
a 10-5 C) 0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

IL
z
cc
U~ wLI

FREQUENCY (Hz)

c.3 ,'10"2
ILl 00
z
Lu
10
-0.0j
cc
0. O-4
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.26. Spectral density plots for C,, C2, U1, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 0100 hr.

.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

No Data Obtained

C4,
u-,
0 LL I
C,)
w
0
-J
C
U)

No Data Obtained

10-5 L
0.0

I




10-51 1 1 1 1
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-4
0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

CI 10uO
0
z
w
10-5
-0.0j
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

03
u
1 0
z
L
0-4
co 00
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.27. Spectral density plots for C 1, C2, U1, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 0200 hr.

No Data Obtained

No Data Obtained

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)




*( 10 1l
C."
0" 2
_ 100
I3
m: 10"4
-4
,-, 10-5. CL
FREQUENCY (Hz)
S10-1
LL
10 cx. 10.
101
C-)
S104 I I I t
ca ion" 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

C10-1 C11 LL. o 2
10
z Lu il
0C o-4
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.28. Spectral density plots for CI, C2, U1, V1, U2 and w2, test C.3 0300 hr.

No Data Obtained

No Data Obtained




10-1 iI I i II I I
C"j
a 2
o
z 10
10
i ii
I
CL 5 W 10- II I II I
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

U.1
O IL
o
C/)
n1
m l

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY

0.8
(Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

10
LL 10 U) 210 10 I l-4 C.)1
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. C.29. Spectral density plots for C1, C2, U1, V11 U2 and w2, test C.3 0400 hr.

No Data
Obtained




Series B

Second Deployment (August 4-5, 1989)




5.0
4.0 3.0
2.0 1.0

16 20 24 28 32 36
TIME (hr)
Fig. B.2. Time-variation of water depth. Time-series begins at 1400 hrs on 8/04/89.

E
F-7

z
0
11
z
LU
LI,

0.25
0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00

TIME (hr)
Fig. B.3. Time-variation of significant wave height.

I II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I II I II II ~ I




TIME (hr)

TIME (hr)

TIME (hr)

Fig. B.4. Time-variation of mean velocities Ul, tWlj, f12, v2. Note that + values correspond
to flood and values to ebb.

TIME (hr)




I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 16 20 24 28 32 36

TIME (hr)

TIME (hr)
Fig. B.5. Time-variation of mean suspended sediment concentrations C1 and C2.

;f
0
CC
z
DO
z
0
0

zF
0
cJ
0
z
0 C)

5.0 4 .5




Il IV

5.5
5.0
4.5-

0
z
0
0

I
O

0.0 0.5
Ull Ull (m/s)2

10
2E IO
z
0
O
i
z
0
C
0
0

1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0

4.0 3.0
2.0 1.0 0.0

- 28 27
- 29 31 30
- 32
-33

-1.0 -0.5 0.0

-1.5

37 36 35 34
o---- o-o
I I I

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

U.U
5.5 16 14
c -18
17 19 1 24 22
5.0 26 25 23
4.5
4.0 I I II

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 ll t1) (m/s)2

N4
10
0
z
wL
0
z
0 0-

1.5 2.0

D.U
- 171615 14
25 24
5.0 18 26 722
4.0 2
21
3.0- 20
2.0 19
1.0
0.0 I I I

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Fig. B.6.Hysteresis between C1 and uIii1 during flood
(+ Uleidll) and ebb (- i1|il) phases. Numbers
next to data points indicate time in hours.

Fig. B.7.Hysteresis between C2 and ijjiij during flood
(+ 'ijz|) and ebb (- uzfiz|) phases. Numbers
next to data points indicate time in hours.

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

28 27
31 3 3
33

d37
I I I I

0)
0
z
0
0

91 11 (m/s)2

I I I

....01

ll u (m/s)2




16 20 24 28 32 36

TIME (hr)

TIME (hr)

0.40

TIME (hr)

TIME (hr)

Fig. B.8. Time-variations of rms velocities Ulrms, Wlrmsa, tU2rms and V2rms.




-~ I %J Ch
'.4
E
x) 10"310
c 10-5
0.0

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

U
ILl
.
0
u) 10-4
0.0
S-4
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.9. Spectral density of wave height, H (1400 1900 hrs).




E
L
0 co' 10-6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

E
uL
0
1

IL
w
my

-10
010 I
Un
j 10 cc a
U) -4 f%

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.10. Spectral density of wave height, H (2000 2500 hrs).




0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

1.2 0.0

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.11. Spectral density of wave height, H (2600 3100 hrs).


o10'
10' U)
z
w
-10' c
C-, n 0~

10-40
0.0




0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

E
0
.cc C1

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

-10
U
010 I-1
z
0
u)10

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.8

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.12. Spectral density of wave height, H (3200 3700 hrs).

0o-6L
0.0

10o-5L
0.0




$ 10"C)
LL
U 10-5 l
0
-J
LI
C-)
U) 10-6
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

o 10-4
.. 10 5

C')
a
10-6 I i
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 ( FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.13. Spectral densities of Cz, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (1400 hr).




FREQUENCY (Hz)

04
0
10"65
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.14. Spectral densities of C1,C2,U1,Wl,U2 and v2 (1500 hr).




FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

C,'
U
0
U)1
z
LLJ
M
0
-j
-cc ccl

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 01
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.15. Spectral densities of C1,C2,ul,W1,U2 and v2 (1600 hr).




w 10-4
C,; Sp
OA
0) U
0
mh 10-5
z
-J
ci:
n 10-6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.16. Spectral densities of C1,C2,U1,W1,U2 and v2 (1700 hr).




0)o
'
z uJ Lu
wL CO

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.17. Spectral densities of C1,C2,ul, W1,U2 and v2 (1800 hr).




U) 1 u
1-'
z
w
0
-j 10'

FREQUENCY (Hz)

U)
u.-.
O
1 ui
IL col

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.18. Spectral densities of C1,C2, u1, W1, u2 and v2 (1900 hr).




FREQUENCY (Hz)

Co
rc
U
C,)
(5

Wi
C..'
a)
C'J
LL
0
I
z
w
0
-J
rr I
C-)
w
0~

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.19. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (2000 hr).

FREQUENCY (Hz)




? 10"
O 10-4 o.
0-5
z
u) 10-5
0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

p 10-2
C"j
o
0.
Cn 103
w
uJ 0
-j
I
Co) 10-4

10-

0.0

2, .

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-4
0.

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.20. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (2100 hr).

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.E FREQUENCY (Hz)

- I I I I I
I I I I I

- I I I I
vI~vJA4~
I I I I

I I I I I

I.,..,.

I

I

0




uL.4 o10
z
w
.s10 -5=..
,, 10-6 1 i i
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.21. Spectral densities of Cz,C2,ul, wi, u2 and v2 (2200 hr).

0
i c:
5 10
z
n 10




u) 10-4
0
a
10 C.)
Cn 10-6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

u, 10, c'J
0 M10'
w i 0 '

FREQUENCY (Hz)

O
m 10
LL
-
10-2
0l
z
C-)
.0 0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

I I I I I I
I I I I I I
0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

S10"
O
10 = O
10-5
0.0 (L
z
0-5
0.0

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.22. Spectral densities of C, C2, U1, wI, u2 and v2 (2300 hr).




FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

S10"-4
C.,
C) U
0
10-5
0 10-6

FREQUENCY

0.8 1.0
(Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4
FREQUENCY

0.6
(Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.23. Spectral densities of C1, C2, U1, w1, u2 and v2 (2400 hr).




10-4
0.0
LL
0
10 i5
cl 10-6L
0.0

T 10
Sn
LL
0
C5 10
z
0 i
C-) C,, 1

c~1
LL.
0
mn1
z
I
col

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 (
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.24. Spectral densities of C1,C2,u1, Wl, u2 and v2 (2500 hr).

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

-10"0
CI:
LL
0
n
-O
co, 10'




0.2 0.4 0.6P 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-3
tm
LL
0 10-4
c 15 o

0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

I I I I I I
0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.25. Spectral densities of CI, C2, u1, w1, U2 and v2 (2600 hr).

. 10"
IL.
0
10"
in 1O"

, I I I I I I -

I-.




c 10-4: I I I I I 0)
10-5
S-6
u10- __L_.,IIIII
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 C FREQUENCY (Hz)

N10
u.
0 I
S10'
w
J
w

C,
0)
LL
0
-j
IL C-'

10-3 in-4

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0

0.4 0.8 1 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.26. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (2700 hr).

C'10 Co
LL
0 10
z
uJ
0 cc C.) C5' 10




10-4
IL
0
F 10-5
z
103 .J
r
u) 10-6
0.
10-4
mlO'
1
IL.
0
iz
.
C-3 Lu CL
u) 10-6

c,10-1 0)
0
L
cc C.)
U)1-

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.27. Spectral densities of C1, C, ul, W1, u2 and v2 (2800 hr).

z u.4 u.b u.S 1.u 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)




FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.28. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (2900 hr).

-1
C
.,.J
IL"
CL
in




410
O
U
10
(n 10

FREQUENCY (Hz)

(a 10- '
U
010-5
I
10-6
C
U) 10-7

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

11P 10-2
0
IL
o
S10-3
10
i
w
-j
L io

0.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.29. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (3000 hr).

- I I I I I I
I I I I I I

1

I




-10'
0
510
z
10

FREQUENCY (Hz)

10-4
O
CIA
0
z
n10-6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

37)1

0
z wi
0 cc IL

0.0 0.4 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.30. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (3100 hr).




c10-4
C)10-5 io
0"
Uj 10-6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.31. Spectral densities of C1,C2,U1,W1,U2 and V2 (3200 hr).




110 33)
U
0
in 10'
z
0
-J
c
Cn 10'

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.32. Spectral densities of C1, C2, ul, W1, u2 and v2 (3300 hr).




0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)

c'J 10-4 1 o10-5, 0
z
8 10"7 Oct
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4
FREQUENCY

0.6
(Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.33. Spectral densities of C1, C2,U 1, w, u2 and v2 (3400 hr).




100 10-1

?' 10"'
O~
510-5
p 10-4
0.LL
0
z
LU10-6
0.

0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

10
C)
O u
10 I-
or)
z Lu 10
LUi a
U) in

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.34. Spectral densities of C1,C2, U1, w1, U2 and v2 (3500 hr).

10-21
0.

= I I I I
VVkpIV\
I I I I

u, 10-4
C.)
105
Ll
0

CL CO 10-6




10-4,

FREQUENCY (Hz)

? 10-4 0)
o 10-5
r
C')
10-6
tu
C 10(w 1 -

FREQUENCY (Hz)

L)I
CCr
u
0
V5
z
C-,
cnl

FREQUENCY (Hz)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.35. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u 1,1, u2 and v2 (3600 hr).

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)




102

10-3 1 J
0.0 0.2
FRE

0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 QUENCY (Hz)
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

FREQUENCY (Hz)

) 10-1
C 10
0-3 cc
W
-1
i 10-4
C-)
wn1-

0.0

0.2 0.4 0.6 FREQUENCY (Hz)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
FREQUENCY (Hz)

= I I I I I =
I I I I I I

Cn
M
clJ
LL
0 I
z
ILl
10 I-t
0
r
in
Lu
CC
-.J
a)
8
C,'
LL
M U)

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

Fig. B.36. Spectral densities of C1, C2, u1, w1, u2 and v2 (3700 hr).

0.4 0.8 FREQUENCY (Hz)

C10
C4
0 IL o010
z
cc:
UF
C.) C5, 10

I