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1323 unlock: Aye.
Geimevil e cride
Februery 13: 358
The Mable 000m 0. Ihyton
'eOe m
Rh City. Floride
Deer amtcr thytcn:
I ehculd like to the' It you erein for your cmartccy
to the Leegue of "omen Votere or Floride, in giving it
en opportunity to preeent ite vim on the Picride
Election Code et your recent Specie! nominee
heerinpe.
I heve been giving e greet deel of than t to the euhject
of arose-filing eince I leaned thet to b you end Ir.
Bryent were interested in it. I em unable to find
"I! 033"; obeemr of government problem who r1!che
it, end I find meny cppcee it etrcngiy.
You my he interveted tc \mo' thet the celil'ornie
cegue or women Votere hee cerricd on e cpirited
ceepeisn tc ehelieh orceefiiing in thet etete. After
neny yeere or ectivity, their ectivitiee heve heen
cuccceeful, to ease extent ct leeet. Tee conetitutionel
emendmnte concerning omen-tiling eerc pneented to the
Ge.) itornic voter- leet Icnnter. One, euppcrtcd by the Celifcrn:
hegue, ehcliehed it entirely. The eeccnd mdified it no thet
the inrm of the cendidetee who croee-filed
eou'ld eppeer on the ballot. Both mendmente peeeed, end
the Attorney General ruled thet the eecond, ehich
received the greeter number of efrmetive vctee
vould teke precedence. However e court hettic eili ;
mhetly he needed to eettle the ieeue.
I think this would indiuete thet the eyetcn in not do;
whet wee 'xpected of it, end thet e mejcrity or Celifcrniene
dieepprcve of it.
The major e .unente cgeinet crcee-iiiing eeee to he:
1. Print-y 300%1018 "re intended to be perty electione in
which I party noninetee ite cendidete for office. If e
eendidete cen run on the ticket or enother perty, the
purpose of the primery election ie nullified.
2. Thor. io no point in a part doa tion of any
candidato unloaa thoro aro party pol oioa that tho
doaignation impliaa. 1! thin in tho oaoo hat tan
a oinglo oandidato aooopt tho polioioa of taro partiaa
at tho oano tin.
3. Tho ayaton, nhon olovorly nood, aoona to favor tho
ninority party.
i. In California oroaa-filing hao froquontly roaoltod
in a oandidato aith looa than a majority of tho votaa oaat
gotting tho nonintion of both partial. for oxanplo
ahon thoro ia a anall no tlioan ragiatrotion and a largo
Danooratio ono, tho Rona lioan night all; fat hia
can partJ'a nonination, and through oroaa- i in.
aa ono a nonhow- of oandidatoo 1n tho Domratio alato,
obtain a plurality. Thia undo:- tho stato lav would
giro hin tho dual nomination.
C. To olininato tho ohanoo of an oppoaition partya
oandidato gottiq ita nomination, a party'a nonhort mat
ho aura to took a ainglo otrms oandidato in the primary,
rathor than fool froo to indicato hio ohoioo from
among hia narty'a aovoral oandidatoa who aro port
namtora, aa ahonld to tho oaoo. Thia noana that {ho
prinory alootion aatoall dooa not gin tho rotor a
ohanoo to ohooao tho hoa oandidata hia party can
offor. hut rathor forooo hin to anpport tho aan oith tho
hoot ohanoo of tooth; tho opnooition party'a candidate
who haa oroaa-filod; or ho u find it naooaaary to
voto for tho aan tho politioa hoaaoa pick on tho ono
to oarry tho hall for tho party in tho ori-ry.
To aala a non-oonforaim ohoioo night to tantanonnt
to holping tho oppoaition candidata oin hia party'a
noaination. 'l'hna tho noarination my to plaood in tin handa
of tho foo, ohioh dofoata tb aholo pnrpoao of tho
9., Mary.
Tho oxtont of tho can of tron-filing, and tho roanltant
difficultioa nay ho aoon hr tho foot that in 1940, 651 of
California 'a Comroaoional ooata rot-o filod in tho primary
olootion in a otato that vould oxpoot all ooata to ho
oontoatod in tin olaotion, if orooo-filirg did not
axiat.
You might obtain noun valoatlo oar-onto on tho oporation
of tho California ayatoa from Dr. John Eakor of tho
Political Boionoo Conant-ant of tho Univoraity of Florida, ainoo
ho an a California rooidont toforo ooaing to Coimavillo
1; Soptonhor, and ho ia an apt atndont of govomnontal
o faira.
The leegue ct Vonen Votere or Ploride hee teken no
etend on crcec-filing. eince the lens hne never been preeented
in the peet. Hanover, ehould they be confronted with it
new I would expect then to heeitete to eeccpt e
eyeten not in ecccrd with ehet ere ccneidered principlee
of good election leee end one thet hee been §cneietently
oppoeed by encther atete leegue, unlcee e coneideretle
period or puhl ic etudy end interaction were etrcrded.
therein ite edventegee, if eny'exiet could be proven.
I doubt um euti'ieient time ie eveileble before tin
1988 leeieletive seee'on to permit euch ceretul
public ecrutiny ee ehould be given to euch e nejcr chenge.
I fully recognise the difficult electione eituetion thet
confronte Floride. Boeevor pereonelly I en convinced that
the introduction of croee-filing would tend to eggrevete
the eituetion.
The league hee tebcn no etend on these problene however
I ehould like to preecnt come infcrnetion on elternetivee
that might be of intereet to you. I do not eieh to
imply Dengue eeceptence of theee ideee.
There eppeer to be tee prohlene involved. First, to ecperete
the netionel problene iii iletfcrne from etete end locel
cnee, end eecond, to the difficultiee teced
in countiee where the Republicen Forty eiehee to put up
e full elete of cendidetce, end cennot rind quelified
Republicene.
'lc ecperete the neticnel end etete electione by holditg
then in elterneti yeere would meet e difficulty, but
would require cone itutiunel encndnent. Quite e number or
etetee elect the Governor end other etutc end county otticidle
in 1954, end et four yeer intereele, ec thet the Preeidentiel
election doee not dietort the etete end county pcliticel
picture. Thie hoe the edVent of not requiring encther
election einee legieletiee e ectione ere held in the off-
yeer en .
Thie eeperetion of neti,nel end etatc clectione ie renertlly
coneidered eound. It could be expleined to the legieletcre
end the public eithout difficulty in the few nonthe reneining
before the ice: legieletive deadline. However it could not
be put into effect until eftcr the lovenber 1984 vote on
conetitutionel emendrente eo thet enother etete election
e.uld here to be held in i966, unleee meeeuree were token
for e epeciel election on the emendeent et en eerlier dete.
A eecond method eould neke the county end poeeihly the
legieletive e ectione non-pertieen. Three etetee nee
hove non-pertieen county electione ebreeke end linneeote
here non-pertieen lepieletive elect'one, 9 etetee have nun,
pertieen echcol electicne, end neny more extend thie
to Judgeehipe. in effect, until recently, county end
l
A
.64-
logiolotivo lootiono in riotido hovo boon non-partiooh, oinoo
tho mug-no! 'opull loan oondihtoo no minimal. Such on
omnaoluont would ,moroly rotum tho oloot'ono to that oitoation.
do to tho mohonioo of ouch olootiono, tho votor would oithar
nooivo two halloto, o party bollot for portion pooh, and
o non-partisan billet for tho non-patina pooto; or ho
would uooivo ono hollot with two aootiona. Ono would
i'uoludo only big porty'o ooulidatoo for pooto filled by
nartiaan olootioh. Tho oooond oootiou, idantiool on
tho holloto of both portioo, would inolodo tho omdidotoo
nonoo for oll non-portion: pooto.
Politicol thaori-oto ofton dioopprovo of tho non-portion: olootion,
oinoo tho: u:- it otoouno party rooponoibilitz and "who
party otmtnna. In Florida, whoa-o tho party ohoo littlo
port in tho loool and logiolativo oontooto, it would simply
permit tho oxiotin'g situation to continoo. Fathom,
oinoo many of tho dainty olootlvo nooto or. administrativo
rather than policy-wring, potty 901101 in not portioolorly
rolovont. Thoy aro aomovhot limo tho a ovomtionod non-
portioon olootiono or Judgoo ohooo Jobo oro omaidorod
iooonpotxtio aith politic-1 1au.
A non-portion: olootion oyaton vould root-aunt o groot ohongo
to tho pooplo of florido, ond ono with which tho: would to
lorgoli untomili'or, ,1 tool that ouch o oooploto vision in
our no itiool think: u thia could ropvooont ohoold,
in all fair-loo to tho public, ho vidoly ail-Cd tofm
onaotnoht in not latod. Thoo, it snob o plon ooono
foooihlo it 0 ME well wait motmnt for tho 1965 Logiolotono,
d
dad at 11 to col into rareo, 1r ploood, in time to chango
tho odnro in tho 1956 olootiono.
Biooo Ir. Bryant oxpraoood his interest in this ootjoot whoa
I loot at his, I on toting tho lihox'ty of nding him
o copy of thia lottor.
moo. idooo gt mine, of dour-o, do not noon-urn:
rofloot. tho 'hinkiog of tho Lugno on thio ouhjoo .
Binooroly,
Hulda Ox-ohmn
Logiolotivo Cho iman
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