|
mm of the State at not:
to th-
eoloct Outta. on m heu- futons-cu
of u
mm St. Santa
PM by u
norm. W1: 0! W bums
October 1959
Fish memento
me Mtelproblens ottln tishodvildlii'e espects o!
the mreetionsl use or the voter "ms concern some by the public
tothslekee endetreus endthe destructioeoibreedingendtoodpro-
dnction cross for fish, wild foul and gene.
Vith incressed develop-mt, the lobes ere eubJect to dredsiu
ottln shellov ereee offshore to fill tuner-Wedges, rivers are
chennelieed, end swap lends ere subject to dreineae. 'lbese practices
destro the shellov rich opening erees end the food ml: for fish,
birds psrticulsrly the wading birds 13m: md ibis), end gene (mm
end other nut-foul).
Sinilsr prsctiees or urbanitstion slung the ooest, in tide-
vetere, ere resulting in destruction of opening erees for the selt water
fishery.
Recrestion
It isnotiqoseible totoresee thedqrmenevery svelleble
mince acre of voter will be celled upon to sstisiy the recreetionel
one or the residents end visitors of Ploride. Accordingly, s nmdensntel
prole vill present itself in the dennd to neintein public eccess to
the meme, especielly the lehes; to provide edequete mod, boetiw
supplies, busing end senitetion i'ecilities; end to nintein the voters
inecondition so thet the wblic cmenJoy thennvee truepollntia:
hnxerds ceased by mnioipsl end industriel vestes.
Pollution
Industriel end mioipel venue cennot be elloved to duege
end deetroy the voter resources. The problems essooieted with this eepeot
of voter resource involve the stimletion both by educetion end tinencee
to provide edequete treatment ieoilities, end to develop techniques for
keeping the geins six-end: node in controlling pollution.
weter Mlle:
Weter quelity is considered by the Stete aeelth upertnent to
be its criticsl veter resoume problem. The highly ninerelised end colored
enters in new erees of the stete will hendicep Melon-exit or setieteotory
public aster mites. it is elso believed thet deselinitetion would be
spent essst if it oenbe done sothst the veteruouldbe eooeptebleto
taste end sufficiently eooncseicel.
Pinenoiel
It rollovethenthst Memnqnmdtopnrcbesetheeolutions
uhich these responsibilities end noble-s entail. mnds cen be obteined
st the Foderel level only in oupetition none worthy end mthorieed pro-
Jects. It ie epperent thet loeel interests end stetes ere to be required
to eseune e meter proportionete ehere oi' project costs. There ie no
conaiatent federal reiaburamnt policy in relation to voter new-cc dev-
elopnent. In general, einsla prodecto or aiule mnctiouu within river
baaine have reaulted tron pieceazal legislation and ministrative deci-
aion, rather than non adherence to a mnemonionally Mtemimd pattern.
Therefore, adoption by the Cannon of mm policiea for the
authorization, financing and adainietration of voter control projecta in-
cluding definitions oi linen of authority between participating agencie-
io baaic to any solution to the water control problem.
CONCEDSIOB
Bleeaed with uple water mama-coo for the preeent, Floridas
pmqu evolVea around the effective and efficient odniniatration of theae
voters too- the benefit of all of the people of Florida preoeat and mom.
To emotively do thia, requires adequate basic data and became of the
caylexity and aide ettecta of my water ream problem, an inter-
diaciplinary mmh involving engineering, hydrolosyo entomology, choline
try, b16100. 000W, botany, geology, soil ecienoa, econaaioa,
public adniniatration and others. Such an approach ia particularly suited
to Florida where left alone, there mid be no water meource problem.
The Metal problen in man's upset or the natural main. be can
either return the land to nature, or provide plane and vorka to beat on
the water resources.
8cm problem are atate vice, other: inter-auto, but many of
the probloaa are relatively local in nature, involving a drainage baein
or lane. lt ha been auggeated that these problem can beat be attached
by an organized teen approach, deVeloped under the anapicea of a state
agency. My are not editable for M, nor can they be effectively under-
taken by the federal governant.
loosened support by the federal governs-ant to Sta data collec-
ting egcneieo (U. 5. Geological array, heather amen, etc.) is greatly
me, ea in eupport i'or opeci'al modal-atal etndiea. A well conceived
and adequately eupportedprogrencoulddomchto fill theme inthe
moledue of our water reaourcce.
Florida believes in the policy that water resource development
proJecte ehould be planned, conotmcted and operated by the anallelt
agency that can efficiently finance and manage the project. The proper
role of the etate agency ahould be tiret to atinulate local interact W
offering experienced coordinated advice from all the eourcea available;
aeoony to ascertain that local pmJecte dovetail into a coordinated atate
plan; and thirdly, to otter financial assistance when needed and to insure
that available mode are allocated in proportion to the benefits.
met at the national level. Projecta wholly within the etatee and
within their aeane to finance ohmic be initiated, planned, constructed,
and operated by etate and local agencies. Prooectn vithin etatec that are
eolameeotobebeyondthemanaottheatetctoiinance, orthettor
one reaeon are national in interest, ehould properly be contributed to by
.10-
the federal gavel-mt, end .1911: be stimleted by offers of such nid.
Interstate project. should be handled by interstnte coqectn.
Federal participation might best be uninieuxed through can
type or grant-in-nid prop-en, smile:- to the oooperntive U. 8. Geological
Survey program It is inpartnnt to retain the greatest possible degree
or state initetive end control.
Experience to date has shown thnt in the development at e
cont-sharing or grant-in-nid pm, careful attention should be given
taupeuinswtthemuvherethexevinhenocoetwins. Anion;
locelendetete inunetthinkthnteououuidemndnviubecon
nveilnble, they will not take the initiative of doing it themselves.
10-9-59
W0!
In response to the request of the Select Comittee on Ratio-
nal Hater resources of the United States Senate, the Department of Voter
ibaources contacted state agencies knoun to he interested in the water
resources of Florida. Response by these agencies was neat sretiin.
The intonation received has been consolidated and combined with basic
data alum st hand to present a current statenent on the status at
Florida's water resources uses, mammal women, end needs.
amended to this statement are copies or the Report to the
Governor at Florida and the 1957 Legislature by the Florida Hater Resour-
ces Study Monica and or the First Biennial Report of the Florida
Department of Water Resources (or 1957-4958. 'ihe Stun Conlnission re-
port is a most couplets and comprehensive sum of Florida's Hater
lhsouroes. Data presented therein still gives an accurate picture of
the state's ester uses, needs uni prom. the First manaial report
presents current interestion on the status of Floridas waters end some
or the aministrative prohieas not touched upon otherwise. The Florida
Geological Survey, in cooperation with the united States Geological Sur-
vey, ia the principal water resources data-collection agency. It serves
the other agencies in this capacity. therefore, a copy or the 13th
Biennial Report of the Florida Geological Survey is appended to this
report.
Sincere appreciation is expressed to the mneving individuals
and state agencies who assisted in the preparation at this statement
through their contribution or netsriel: Dr. A. P. Black, Research
Professor of Chemistry, University or Florida; Dr. Thorndike Seville,
Director, Science and Engineering Center Stuthr, University or Florida;
florida Gene and Fresh Water Fish Mission; Central and Southern
Florida Flood Control District; State hoard of Conservation; Florids
Develonsent Omission; Bureau of Sanitary miner-ins or the Florida
State Board or Health; and the Florida Geological Survey.
WWOPMRM
In general, the total ester resources or Florida exceeds the
needs within the foreseeable future 11' properly managed. The 25-year
annual average (1931-1955) rainfall is nearly 53 inchea. Minimal worded
annual rainfallhasbeen ss loves 3h inches innornvest Florida ands:
high as 90.2 inches along the lover east coast. Beaver, the distribution
of rainfall is poor end there are periods when general water shortage-
cur and local water shortages beco- scute. On other occasion, the
rainfall is excessive and floods result beamse the existing unnece-
veys are overth.
vote
8
During norm]. years, there 1: a trulan quantity of surface
rlnnorlds. Anaverege or abouthomnlongallonspermovs
intotheooeenl,llrat1ymmue
riversmthenorthempmoftheotate. Inthepenlnsulanosteurtace
vatercenbexetainedlnehallovlakeaormmthmughm-demdsm-u
bedsorcanale. mwunsulshsssmltimdsotmlllahsendam-
her or larger lakes. MmumdtoberOOn-adlakesinno-
ride. Considerable areas of m end overow landeurrsutly mun
undrslned. MulahsmdmsprovmealargeeaMmsMoh
The state in underlain by extensive Huston- and doll-its de-
posits, quite cavernous, and. capable of holding our mm the not
or two-snows quantities of eater. These copious quantities of aroma
water are available in most locations in tin state. War, the quality
variesn'uaweterwithnlnlmsolids(sort)1nthrsnsaoolsmsm
waters high in n1nsrals(sallns) 1n the lover peninsula.
nondshul? ottheloorlrstwltude springs. Afiret
magnitude ups-1n; discharges 100 or more cubic feet per mood. '11:. ca-
binednoworsll vatern'onnoridasprlnuhuheeneatmtedtoave-
maooullloagallonsperdsy. msehsraesnunthesprlncerewe
Mauveublc teetpsreeoondtomtheancublc reetperaecond.
Normally, the manual water problem in Florida is not a an-
sofvater,buttoomchvatar4nthemneplaceatthemngtm.
mmuuuhetsunenendmdmummnmmemlowwm-
dustrlal use, euloulture, end nosesth in all its manifestation.
WI!!!
The 1957 report of the Ylorlda Water theatres: Study Omission
pnsentsthemst recent dataonvsteruse tenet-ids, which are nuns-
rised 1n the following table:
water Common in Florida
1 withdrawals Estimated 1210 Withdrawals
MD Percent mo Percent Percent
_ or total or total Increase
umicipal and rural 390 10 T90 12 103
Direct Industrial 2,227 59 3.1m 5h 51
mention 2.2.6.2 .2 2.22 .2 .e
m 3.799 100 6, no mo 69
Mini
the 1970 estimate for semicipsl and anal water consmtion is
based on a population of 6,013, 390, of which 70 percent will be urban and
3 percent rural and an average daily per capita urban canonization of
150 gallons. Ground voter is the principal some of apply.
Florida's population has grown at a rapid rate or nearly 6 per-
cent per year. Foulsticn experts currently place Florida 12th in the
lotion (in marina to 20th in 1950 and 21th in 1920). Population pro-
Jectiona prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. in 1956 for the State Develop-
ment emission predicted 7,190,000 by 1970. today, the experts are pre-
dictingeto9aillionb11970end25ullionbytheyear 2000.
'nIeStstenoardotaealtbpredicts that mtuxevaternscvill
average nearly 200 gallons per capita per day. At this rate, mnicipal
water needs could average 5 billion gallons per (In by the year 2000.
ms is an increase of almat 600 percent.
Agricultural
Agriculture is the largest of all voter users in Florida. Even
with abundant annual rainfall, there is not always sufficient soil nois-
tnre at the propentine i'br optima croy promotion. For this reason,
irrigation is increasing in importance. A survey or county agents by the
Florida Agricultural Extension Service in 1956 revealed that out of
16, 58h,ooo acres or productive farm land and posture (about as percent or
the state's total area), about 71:2,000 acres were subJect to irrigation.
It was estimated that the average daily communion of water for irriga-
tion purposes amounted to 1,182 million gallons per day.
he enter requiremnts for irrigation in 1970 or beyond are hard
to estimate. However, in revieving the present trend to supplemental irrio
gation and water level control on agricultural lands, there rill be a con-
tinned increase in the demand for water for ayieulture. Of the 1b,279,000
acres under production in 1956, 17 percent was subject to irrigation.
Asstccing uniform increases in the acreage of vegetable, citrcs, and
other crops and naintaining the same percentage irrigated, the estimated
water requirements for 1970 will average 2,200 million gallons per m.
Industrial
Although Florida is 12th along the states in population, it is
25th in manufacturing eaployznent. Industry today, provides one out of
every seven Jobs in Florida, a proportion that has not changed greatly
in the last 10 years. However, manufacturing is double uhat it was a
decade ago, and as an industrial state, Florida is gaining steadily on
the nest of the country.
Industry is not very diversified. About two-thirds of the
industrial mloynant can be found in only five major. lines: food pro-
cessing (including canning), lumber, pulp and paper, chemicals and tobacco
products. The norida Developant Omission believes the makeup of Flo-
rida's industry 10 years from nos will undoubtedly shes electronics,
scientific instruments, building materials, natal fabrication and turni-
ture and fixtures to be much more important than today. Bovever, these
particular industries are not generally know as big vater users.
the present naJor industrial water users be placed in one
of four categories: (1) electric power production, (2 pulp end paper
nanufocture and general chemical industry, (3) citrus processing and (h)
mining. It can be anticipated that the use of water by these industries
will increase as the industries themselves amend.
the following table emu-i us the water use in these four
categories as developed tron data submitted to the Florida Hater Resources
Study Comiseion:
Princial Industrial Hater Use
Industry Source -. V.
Estimated 1 0
Electric Power
(cooling water) 2,120
Pulp and Paper In Clinical I
i 770
Citrus Processing
(canning 168
Mining (Phosphate) 13
MAI. 3, ha
Calculated estimate for ZOO-day season is 1.65 end; on annual basis,
this would be 95 d.
The water use reported by the electric power industry is for
oh.
cooling water only. The flat topograplq or moride does not pemit the
construction of large hydro-electric generatim facilities or the in-
pounchent or large volumes or water. be few leell Wicca-1c recil
ties produce an insignificant percentage of the total power generated
and are not considered here. mrtace water is the principal source (98
percent) or electric power cooling voter.
The pulp and paper and chemical industry use large quantities
of voter. In more recent years, these industries have incorporated better
housekeeping and water conservation nessmes so that the quantity or water
used and volxnee or veste discharged have not increased at the ease rate
as plant capacity has expanded.
A somewhat similar statement can be nede for the mod process-
ing industry. The citrus canning industry has been making sole progress
toward reducing the values and concentration or its waste.
water used in mining operations is for hydraulic dredging and
the operation or the washers and ninerel separators. Heteriale eined in-
clude phosphate rock, lie-stone, heavy sends, and tullsr'e earth. Princi-
pal pmhlen relates to the containing at the waste slurry in ponds rather
than discharging it into etreane.
Atomic Power
The lack of native melt: and the relative high cost or power,
ashes nor-ids receptive to atonic poser. Severn]. installations are heigg
considered. (he inth Tanpsneyaree uexpecudtohecowletedhyl 3.
At present, sufficient water appears to he available for use in
the production of atonic genereted power. Problems any occur in getting
the water to the facility and in preventing the destruction of ita quality
as a consequence of radioactive contuination.
mu: the developnent of reactors, it will be necessary to exer-
cise acre cere and basic control over the nuclear industry in order to
protect the ester resources and the health and welfare or the citieens or
Florida. 'ihe State Health Duper-talent is carrying on a good progrus o:
mnitoring to build up background date.
Pollution Abatement
The State health mparuent has node very fine strides in con-
taining and reducing the namicipal and industrial pollution of the surface
and undergnmnd voters. Basic problem will he to hold onto the progress
node. and to prevent mrther pollution.
more will always be the need to use water for pollution abate-
ment. The health Depertaent hopes to continue to be able to use the re.
ceiving eater for its heat intended purpose and to provide adequate 1m-
went in each specific instance. It does not anticipate m inoremd
trends in the use of water for waste disposal. instead, a higher degree
or treatment will he remixed. Pull advantage is teing token of Public
Lev 660, grents-in-nid tor semicin sewage treatunt plant construction.
-5-
Insufficient funds to notch local interest, or to alleviate prohleaa in
defense iapact areas continue to he a nmduaental difficulty.
on- Consumptive
Florida's 1500 niles of shoreline and 1800 miles or unmoved
waterways, together with the thousands of lakes and dozens of springs
already mentioned have proved to he the topocrephic features that have
aade Florida an attractive vacation and residential state. it will be
the presence of these natural vaterveys in a fresh unpolluted condition
that will he the hey attraction in the rum dele of the state.
without them, the state would not he Florida in climate, nor in physical
attractiveness.
Florida's waters are used for a wrisd of activities. Ana;
the sore inpcrtant are: navigation, both co-emtal and recreational;
fishing; arming; scenic and esthetic chaos-at. It is mssibla to
arrive atawtiaumssstothevolmsorvaterusedforsushnon-consm-
tive purposes.
State and local governments have each concerted efforts to
keep up with the denand for facilities. At a recent date, there acre 337
public boat raps and 139 elaborate marine facilities in norida. It is
estiaaud that aore than 250,000 boats vill he registered the first year
under the recent aotor boat registration lav.
Negation
Florida has 16 seaports, eight uithuaeabh depth or 3) or sore
feet or water. 81:: ports, three on the Gulf and three on the Atlantic,
handled over a aillion tons of camera each in l955. C! the 1800 nilea
or vatervays, the most isportant comercial water-en is the Gulf Intra-
constal Ustervsyhetveen Carnballe, Florida, and the Alabama State line.
Second in tonnage is the intra-coastal waterway along the Atlantic coast
from Fernandina to Key Heat.
Use of these waterways, harbors and rivers and lakes of the
state by recreational boating has reached proportions that vere not con.
sidered probable a few years ago. men vith the extensive van-ma,
there is a need to plan now to provide waterways for mture demands. Coa-
pletion of the unimproved links or the intracosstal veteran, such as
the Gulf Coast rm Carabelle south, vould provide both comercial and
recreational navigation with a protected vatervsy. A large part or the
areaalongtheroute ispresentlydoraantandneedathevatervsytoaid
develop-amt of its mu potential.
The such talked about, Florida Cmss-Btate Barge Canal vould
prove most attractive to recreational and camercial navigation.
Recreation
It is possible to gain an sppmiation of tin recreational use
or the water resources by demostratiag the significance or such use to
the economr of the etete.
The enount 0! money spent to use Floride's waters for reoreep
tionel Woes is astounding. The follovinc table su-eerisea interne-
tion reported by the Florids Hater Ibsources Stun Omission for 1955:
Use Minted Expenditure, 1955
huh Voter Fishing $121.,51h,000
Airboets 1,036,000
waterfowl tinting 1,500,000
Recrestional Boating
Maintenance end Operetion 200,000,000
lbtors, outboard 6,500,000
Boots and equipalent 13,000,000
Inboard hosts and equimt 33,000,000
Miscellaneous 2.000.000
Subtotal $250,500,000
Cmrclel frog hunting end bait fish 2.000.000
mm. 880550.000
Continued growth of the recreetionel aspects of voter resource
use between 1955 and 1960 would lead to e conservative estinnte or en
increase of 20 percent (0 percent per yeer). This would place s current
estinste on the value of the industry of almat one-halt billion dollars.
($1m1m) Per yen.
The pressure on Florids'a voters to sccoenodate the water
recreetlonist will increase greatly in the years ahead.
Gentral and Southern Eloridn Flood Control FroJect
As the lamest single federal prodect in the etete, it not the
soutlnest United States, the Central and Southern Florida Flood Catrol
Prue-ct deserves sane special consent. me mltipurpoee voter resouru
project was wthorieed in the Flood Control Act of 19%, local eooperstien
was assured in 1938 end work began in 1950. Orig eetinsted to cost
$330,000,000, the caeprehensive plan authorized in 19 was estimated to
have s total cost of $301,110,900, of which the adore). covet-mat would
hear $220,722,010. Congressional appropriations have not kept pace with
the planned write or vith the capacity or the project to finance then.
At present, the Control and Southern Floridn Flood Control District pro-
vides all lends, eesesnnts and rights of m and page 15 percent or first
costs and 20 percent or renaming construction costs. local interests
operateendnsintsinthecaepletedvorkeupeneeceptmce frmtheCorps
of Engineers.
'lhe project provides flood protection; ester storage during
the reinrall season, June through September, for use as agriculture enter in
the growing season, October to June; fish and wildlife benefits iron the
extensive shallov reservoirszand recreation values uhere practically
none were anticipated. Project plans have been modified to provide rec-
reation access.
Tb limitation of salt-voter intrusion any street benefits far
overshadowing those attributed to flood prevention. award-water Manda
have increased as the population has grown. Salinity control structures
and the large water storage areas in the project have not only checked
saltwater intrusion, but actually pushed it been in some areas.
In areas there the central and southern florida project operates,
steps are being taken to litigate the voter problems of supply, demand
endure. 'meproblensarebothruralandurbanintheirconpsssandit
is significmt that eawansion has alreacbr taken place in both areas and
further bra-penis; is anticipated prior to 1960.
MM PROM
With a normally bountiiul supply or water, it vould appear thst
florida would not suffer frorn a water shorth ccaned with other states.
hovever, because of the porous geology of the state and the neldistribu-
tion or the supply, both in tins and place, Florida has experienced water
problems. lbo such water in the wrong place, at the wrong tine, coupled
viththe uorks otnsnuhichhsve encisavoredtoput the landto nevuses
and time unbalanced the natural resins, can be considered the Manual
water resource problem of Florida. A corollary is the need for proper
msamnt at the available rater resources to obtain the nest efficient
andbcst use. in visualise the future needs mdplan today for tome-rev -
or at least to educate today for a better understanding in order to cope
with the problems of tonsrrov, is a mammal need. it: do this requires
that water resource data be gathered today. The data collectim neter
rust be auctioning becmse sveroge basic data is the result of new years
of collection.
Data
more are several excellent programs currently in operation ne-
lating to the physical aspects of water nansgcmnt, including basic data
collection. these are supported at different governmental levels from
local to federal. Usually there is a cost sharing or cooperative arrange-
nent between local and edsral groups.
the total cooperative progru by the three branches (surface,
ground, and quality) or the Enter lbsources Division of the U. s. Geolo-
gical May in Florida during 1955-1959 VI: $623,000 of uhich $313,975
was spent in ground water studies. The propel: is ministered by the
Florida Geological survey.
An expansion of this m and the inclusion or special voter
studies is great): needed to aid in the solving of the water resource
problems of today and tenor-rm.
PAGE 1
N Statement of the state of Florida to the Select Ocemittee on Natimull Weter esoiirees of the United States Senate Frepared by the norida Impartment of water assources October 1959
PAGE 2
""iASh El'lldi
PAGE 3
i l'elsil-.-15 2.0 Vete ;' I'e g:yjrce .les -sirgle firicIiMF vitain river dai:tDra mid ,sil.'if.$t.ggi ive :ject. 181'136620041l".1100017212 i gntieTD, rl"e55 of 1|11.[ 1'.sm ||33 j Cir! [\ f.::t t|LE .O'] Of VBl.er C:'ni rol pyr.gc1.5 hib--tween t-o'ticiantlig see:1c ten ...-... ... -.. plan mi tar.ny, to of U.at av.aldal.e Ol'a al-e .Etilk"Oht'aut 0+ tre 321:-.1103. MY n 2-heir scega 2 -'inance rn-a :;.errad by a t ate ard L:..c.g O 107 50 to IT teyond the! r; E-M' reason m-e nettomi in in like the pr->leet. 'Ibe pr;.per -Stim1ak lan.1 Iw.aren 19 Cil th'' D1.ilD'CU S aTELal"!l-: .e ; ovetra.1 |:10 a ace-r-',inated a-.ate e .g. ..-rti.:n to de t. aritz. 1 0'erd|. .IrdU re-S--lirce ---u .-a ruated, .-.-:ritrn;d:ed to by
PAGE 4
the l'ederal governmeist and might be stimulraed by affers of Gueh aid. Jmterstate projects abald be i a:idled by interstate er.il:pacts. Federal partielpation -..ight test be administered through nCa:e type of grant-in-aid program si:litar to the cooperative U. 5. Geological surrey prostems. It is important to retain the greatest possime degree or state initative and control. Operience to date has sha that ir. tho :levelopimut or a eost-sharin6 07 Grant-.in-aid program caret'ul attention shou' d be given to spelling out the areas where there vill te no est sharing. As long as local and state interest thirl that some outside ilads will beccm a'/milable, they will .at tee the 1:litiative of doing it -.beoselves.
PAGE 5
I:i ri--at:.=11e=e t..". t]-e a u.TE'. ":f 1:tits "aI eei 2:3:1115 itea 121 ]2611-:-r.1 nL\ter 92&-l.iral:5 :I the -.11-.^?5 ardt*17, til'' Uptei-trl--'":f 0~-02 he .'a ne 3 : 3r.ww a tw;e : i 3 ::vn T,;: 1-c ::19:::*.2-* ..:: ".M ".'my it|--:--':03 n'~ /'. --;-i.Lit. "?--, -.7-.!!2 %''!1':11?0 Witii :'l: l-'_-75i Gigs ^te -.:if:-r|:tat -.:-r. re ce :. m:] | en e-me .ii.";Med inn i ,: DNned. -i -a isrgic -lil 21 al.rm.!y at IP.LJbi t.' ; re e L 6 '2";.1-retit ai1,ti*.fr!ler. .31 lie? E L 61..|| E. i F1.. rtm'-= sister re-st",ura1ea -1;--s, f..:Idea-isall ;.1. t.".....x, 3111 to.':M. ;g:pra:ded U. :h I c. --. atee:::are :.4: .t::.I 1.1: JM: rt 1: the Xm--n:r .2 Flerth ard t:.e t ~:~ i.e3171C:71 o:: tra Ki-ma "r:iter leurecs 2=.::57 Irlall-ar. :.:al f die /'.711-. 32n.ial his. rt .7 -.be El: ria rm:t :-t -:si e 'f & e.1sta-carts l'. -r d'~ N~.: 5. "":10 t-.ay -..2mi se it-;1 rri.c r1 a a r:.st aatpl ete ttt!'l e :ni:l=rehant. i ve W.m11:1ary .10 Fi ericif a attr:r 92 5-Nircr3r [101.9 ]:.1-0 GE:W. 0..1 '.)|01-0 12 :-t i i ( ':25 71.-1 (11: --127[#' pleTL're D f e ritnian vrar lincr:, :iece ani :Wral Tac 1-11% 2%260 ITe* C.411510,trits:7. irtr-.li"th-..'ir: .31 ." f;t ::1-:5 : 0 ]-~1 -r :::3'11 -,'I-t---32 40-1 5 T." .? C:* akini-:tra -.w: pr a's:w .i: u::.c3 4 in -:1 Excuse. Tex V-in .y...u:gic c:.t "ervey, '.ti e -::3.e ret -. e. in--h the 1.IniteJ -:.N-. es '.led.MiM L aram l a ther princ ip:ll water r-.13=..'.iro s deui,. c... '..lemir N;e:icy .It t=e rm il/.: -2 Ilmr t16eliair?1; ill i M: 2njatt:. *.7, 91erei".:ri.', it lyj:y of the t31.1: 9 m:.h; ".1 ]E.t"-:. -t'. :: f t|x F),: r 1:111 'ic :~. -. / [2-:12. : 1-r'My .12: .1jMridC .5 t '' to 1 (1 1:.rt :-iirice re i=ppres2:1'.::r; a n-re ar' t .br :2 3 w:.rg -.:'Evidur..'.a nal :;tn=' a-e.;;::in 21, sit;:;::Imi ..a 02 prearntiai a" t;;:;s s-:sti.:ror. thr145 did r :-ont rn'j t.-at: a E a.':." r in~ : ".r, n. ~'. l'.~. En fulearcil ro i o ir of Che:-1 ur r;.', l::e::: y : L ty -f Fl. -ri at; y, 'l-h: r::d De las !..16 .--r, icttra urd &6:19971 pg :-'en y my l!:1i'. ci ru ej .f F_-:=2 i le : a M;:e el &c a, ~.?:. or 7: r.a :: Tri: Pr.::: ; Ta, t r:il n:2 .ith-: rs 3-rids ~~[.-21 '.-r!T r.-i .5.1La -Ti 'f j 7'.:-." e ?: a:-i -. ;-.0:-vm lan; ?1--71:111 +ave lograr.t Col."'r as L. n; ~d tr.: m .:.E 3:11tary I:ro' am":r : tre. =r' the 71::-t kt ,]Lu.te ikEta'd of Red,-n; tilti -.he F.1.;:rian t]M'l'--,;,10'.1l .''a-ve,
PAGE 6
1-//1.L525 i:3./2::ll.ii :T'' l. F i .:;"l':a tr: p i re:1 tht: 1 e ril w.i. -' :::::. .: :t a :sf Flt-:-.11-.. -: ;---:r:dE: the oc : de V:i Otic t : f:3rtEcal:lc ?!231-0 .!..I is:.'-.-i .i'~2'j ali-'i'-::i7:5 -2 :---j''ar ni. C:'/crCrse .:.-N-1-;"aj Etrft::1 i:r.na: if ~~. i.II::Mr. K: r. I''-arsit .! :-.!.'. rt LIlful i lit.C' !NG:: ::a low a.= :li -l!Wlit D -l'! ra:rt livestt-'l .-i-J en i as t Eil :'-f'. i tErth& E7:1 0% t-e ~: Aw" E er.C a co:-s 6. it-:--rt:::n f.! Tirl'.!-..1"-11 C-f Nir:ft:ll. e 1:-:;r c:!i.i -isber -6-'c -c. rio:l": due:'a ;l-/ 200=.11. W: tT ;' 6 Eft:g: 5 ON::T !ali .!.::c sii -:2.1 ishorial ic;) !! 20:;:7: 001.1is: .CT1 :11,2!?!? 0 N':Stitr,--., 014' Uti:J[i! : :s Icejs l':c Eild $2.-:-0 .la 15 ilti~ t ~0--';;i'.iti-1:3-:Ut:-ti.g :~:TE in-.g'Ji VI37:i si re 'Ti-drt sjsed.. .[1:31": :r. r'||||al -,:223r:p ishcl"' 13 :: !.1--:ut-ald--.15 utidtti". : :-if Eiill'l'S''O t'.tPr i -: ?! : r-l ii.:. ;':r: Ein:r::::"fj ::l' i!berC i:0 laill it.12 4311':-113 pryr O'J f.I -.tW: -i -:en L ly: s.cer-a!G ] 'Jrgel.y 1;13':alt:-1. 1,12" allof; a -: / El.tl fi -W "i E C't-:n ?! f2W .!-i yr:. u .li' ille 11:...1-1,)&.:-,1 per.'-' ri3e :.!-3-.e .In th': pet tiinull! 230 mirfilfff= m'Met' G urt 1:g, gy-.g! i-.:-. is -lisil ics .!.tt-me -::t 3.--/ 2G li 2-.:161L ill-de.1 JM "! --il'erall l-.2 it: .sl' --::31::.~1''. "(~:!rpelt insul a ha rJ 31t;i l iitiO: -.!" 2:2 .l.1 i filmi| 21--1 B W 1;ii1:gr :i' 1 emi!? ~ M:"!=;. "?beri-is r!:llaried to 1:r: 33, -.n.: simir:d "i alr.g -1 -irt 1-1. r i.dE .GIsai.ie ['ai;I e Gr-:n9 .-f D1&IllT1 Sal :"I'Irl'" "l:,'' I.: rii C-.31-To:n-l-," IE:|Lair it-Mir-diinci Rest2 i saf.":s 1]it! GW3CipD prU.-i.le 4 .lf-r2 e-:Gl,1||GItt Ereft lileil GE:r=:::S ':e: '-t:f:31Lirr": ita:t MrC N' Ol 16 6: 299 B~"It:n~--ws --er ngr E fi: rei, Til:.a 7 .321%: :!:s sjrad!W!.aial i:-' cz .19EG ~ Ti' .s li-Midt:0 MLEI :lcliUi-:/t si p:-ol ra, -1111.e -si a:ril:-cig tirati ? t:fe.ijl': ci li :-1'11713 01ris-j t-SIsg tels: fl --u ::: L' Er':r'y:a:1:n!0 75tt-.!.!,.. 01-?0 2:/ V3Mr. pl,9 "'O ----p'z'!''; IS2r-t i b&.'s :.I gr.:cJIld Uli r.*/l' filT (:'li: Lli:l;ia; n: mot:t 1 /scat -i --:'-5 :!ra tile -itsui s rol.ever, tileJ que. 7 '/4.r a E, f:-|L a ve-,ar vi -jl I.1:li'-2:;L-. sol i SE i E:-:!!:. : ill 6 20 i en/.frr:-lC ?!N-!1 V:!acra bicI. 22. ailinert:ll i Altite i 1.-1 *.h ; .l.2-W;r peri alau~s.t );ia.1:2:.1 arg; l': ::f -"rg -I.C -'l rr;t ir/i:-n : T:;ja! aj:-r i.' 5 A fl 2[i t. r:fignittitle :g:3".ng di=|7:13fge!: l': O C-r ram -"'.!i):li' f-"ci kJ.:s 5::-.E:nd. 'lile Eb i E: J'~ 0~2 -a: ni Fi Ll v518E -"r-:,1L F2./:PIClit t:i: rialdt! lama Lye-'l .:-tarilf:emd t-IU-r-rs:ge "i: ~r2 r: -.11it:Is dit.lil -::33 |--r-r di::/, L'.iii..3bSrfy: G 1".::z!ii 1,he "-21''.T;E.-l's:W ff".a a S:Ar ':tie it tes/1, :-: -r ::e-t:".Kel T. -in?':=Nilli 5:'"O 7:!-1: ic "--ft:i: per tioc---!-2 mr.a:ly, tis -.undsatal wat:r 3::21-= irl r"lort.:la ae r-eart,. '.13'd Di W i egy, 1;117 Gr; 3runi 33697 9 tile WT'illii:~ :--"; 'IT. "l:he WF'--Iig t:!.E"!. TI-e prr,11.l.el: 6.l~fdat-6 allt:Ti E ~. EriL~1 C-,re:'i 631.i il--''l iaa:!ces i!rJniedp!!~. a:Ld 63d:1:stris1~:. -.150 .C!.;;rit-t-li. b.r!G tind 'T-ca:cilti-.:n iti (Ll.1 itt. Eiu-1~ 3:031 :-itioni--. 93xus 13/: .711'. :':ll' l'ep --ri 2:f --lid E.01'j fl4 da-R a? 5--.1520=> -. .90.];? M:1-Jilts]:)ii f-t-::: -ser,-.5 iW Pi2ilt 76cern. 'iaTE: .[: \;i==t-i!P 31-L-in Fie:ar: si:e r:h:!=:21 Grc mi'fir.itr'.".2 i .1fl -,ill; fLevirag fals"W ;
PAGE 7
rid.' s populst ion has gr 22n 5-. a rap id cent per year. Popuistian exper-a curicat~.y .lace tiatiotr (in cordparisor, to ECit in 1. --' and Eth in i jecticr.s prepa125 1:y ArT.hur I-. itt.ea Ir;e. In 1 9 mre Gemissi>n predleted --,~.. by 1-~,70. 7:day dictim-a ta a mil-i-a by 1970 and 25 :Eillion by th -he State kard of fleair.d predicTs that f average raearly 2 0 6311-:335 _er capital per day. At we.ter s!-eds could average 5 bil~.tora gallena per day 1his is era inc--esse of a..2:-Et dN FErCenn arricultural Agricul-ure -.5 the larpeT of all ater Vith $~DUEil1."." EaPlili41 rainfllly T.bGi-0 is TicT. ECW270 ture a the properIfra f.>r opti:rJ.; trop pr--d-,:etion irriguier. is Ircreasing in impc.rTtr;N. A cumy c Ele ri d:a Agrical tural Extens ice 39:-;.' .29 y; Irg reze 16. Sn' ~E EC re 5 0 f prodi a i v! fam, i md r-nd pectur the sts*6'6 %atal arco1, all :u& YL-c:, D-2 Nereo were & It was e .iraT.ed thist the avere9' an ; 17 cens'.11my. i Dr. t iora pu.--poses ainchTited tc 6 ';d.-' mi i i ion gal Icas pe r
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.3
PAGE 9
.Ja exlir.g voter 'iraly. The flat topograpliy of Florina does nM pemit the constratht of large hydralectric oraet'otilag IMilities or the impoundrer* "O hrge veliin :f Eter. Thit' fev Grasil hydre-elenric facil ties prNume on irs:,cnirigera percenacce a the mal reier generated ad are SM lor:03den'd here, Sirieer: utter le the pri.cipal sourt'e (Sti percent) of eleerMc peer ecol ing veter, The pulp and parer and chomkel industry una large quantitles of waer, In altre reent years: Are induntries hue 'ncorpenited better houcaeepara and vmer cer;:,ervat..3:1 mau-'es se, thit die quotity of wnter 'land tahd -?. I!aille al' V6 S i el 13 i Whr Eged [1-! W.1 tiet !I:eN;ilt-4:3 kit tar Osite ratt! es p i er:r. sipse ty ha e g on!ML A acilmihat E imi 1rir sititem:n t aan be r-ale : :-r the i'cod prc.ee1:nat industry. The citi-1-e coliniria;; aitatatry han een -l'ataijg osais!= re-q'.rf..oa ten:rd redning the volurae 4md cenaentretie.n of its vuute. Atar used ut rriartim_ erecMiens is for t-o'draillie dredgigj 901 the gration of the wrestler sird mners'. separators. Noteriatie mined inelude ph-:'sthete r-ek, lin'ntene, heavy sands, and fuller' E etirt!L Pria:1pal pr,-bas e~iams to the contau;ing er the vam slurry in pondr, rather than Lachargira: it -r.t:stivaria. Atentie ?-aier The IUCX of Dat 170 2\1010 o'td the relat ive h igh MM O f 90Wer, linkes F1-rida receptive to tito:iale r--vr.'r. Several 1tastelletons are being centdere-l. Orie in utm Trirms iny inn is emmi te he coriplmd aiy 14~>. At pretat, sitif.elect wMer gapears E.: he evel lotle fer wte a fly poacth=a; :,f etrine gnemed ::over. FN.bleets 1-la'r tour in c.+ett.ig i he voter to i he fue i -J ty and ir poverat ir4 the de t:,at 1:.la .f iso gum ty er, e er::meouence of raadiatiet ive c .:nts't i ne t is rth t te de velaprror.1 :f r--setors, i t v',11 be necewory to errciae rire care nrA baele nr.tral ::ver the nuclor .ild'..etry in order to pr.nec t it:e de r re x.urce a sira the her; trh ard wel1"are a i the a t .3.cas 2: f F':.r'.di!. Die grite ',pnith ag:gir-.rent is carry'.ni; :'n a ga.:d trogram :'S Trai (" r","36 El-l'.lild up 61: GralUA -'--1121. 201114-200 AbriteaM-nt The Mate ~lealt.h ]kpartriot use riek vm Chie striders in .:grato'.rilDE Bild redtWI DE thE li]!irl iCipiLl alsri itadust:-ini poD11tleta "f El-!e Mrbje"! and imargrr---:;nri vnte rr .Ese ic py:b]<:1:t wi i1 tie t:-]x ..d ;:r.e tir argren i:La.le, 3:2d te pre-rent nirther -:01''.11.;0, Tiwre wi'a alvelys be tM ner:d a are water f: r ].:1lutist. -ibute-. :rnt -The Etera '.h "apart-mn-'. hwa -.: ennt W.ue a bra ene to -an -the reCC iv ing v52 r for it5 (16Et inig'ridad pit@t'35e (Ilid ti.! pr2Vide adC]"36te :-. -Ja,. r':-ML -.n each ged:'.ien-,ntelee. (1 a es n:: t mit te it: 6te any tral'em:.2 ana:; :2 a ur's : f unter Wr a:hOpe:rti -tr.al--: rty si high--r ar-!e -.12 LMrtr;ent -.'' ". t-:'''; pi r'ed. Fu i ~ 6:32'.''517 ~ : t e'le' lasia i : 2:.3 i a ou !"-, grant:in,-h : i 2''r EL-.it!'''.ph. t:1:Vage tera*LE'11*. p~ 41/. -hit" :,W'.' !!..
PAGE 10
e tt [ dees -pc 7a cniu t eo h aresu dfi iy
PAGE 11
Foch hter Fishirg AirbarAs a'aterfeel Himt.ing &c'er thaal Etating utenerace ar.d ('rat 301"a .:uth"tL"d r.ta: and equgmat Ub53r.1 60919 20/ "Qui se betwee:t l' % .':d 1 :0:1 v.:Cl ted t-. I: 2:200 rer. La e n Mtc of an :tarrase ::.f :C percent :. I percent per yerr;, E.S w;rald place a atrrert-. Kista or. die Yuee af the induery -'I adM ene--huf bill'oia dollarn thyp:.sa..-::N per -ree'. hiy pre saur:: cri 3-1.37 ida' e waters N, ..tam:;odate the vster acrerittent will incer:asr; g:-ently .in this years cheaL ';erttral and ..mhern P.arida ~]-.".! 2.:-rtru -'roject Ar, the tari;ect sing-le feJerra prRie::t ~n de statCI, if L'-1 the sheest 'anitta Statec, the Central Eral J--Elbern Slaridc Elaca %n--rel rge--t deserTen este nyetiel com--at. Tne m.ltipurnare water remra rr,,,=.ee t -,rt tietharine i M the Flood ant:-:1 ic t :-f 1 .loc al r-rxipterat en Ac. accurd la 1/~:t vr.ra baj91. in 17% Or!Einally estated tr.. erst %0,:::..OgYy.a the nulpreinsive plan authrizM in lid wrs o.rstly:ted to ave e te.at erst ;.f gy.1,lig..0, of wtic]s the fe.leral ovrererpnt sculd : er $:lit ?f;'.' 2:-) O, Congrenti or.ul apprg:rmdous hnye not. !srapi )::fo'e vi a rl=! planthsd word 2r vilh the s'4:acity of the grk:act to 3"i:1ertet. tim, C. prescrit, dry Central red miuthern 5-;ermt I'lod lastrol ~ktrit:t pm ides all ISMI, camjento ed Mgaza of way mi pays ~= percot -=f first 2013 alTI 3.FerCOM -i rCR-OliW COME E a c'~'O .la pr!;'Etc !|fd li!tie.t3:i31 tale C .:ted Wal"kG U]'a"1 rMeg but-r? fr--r) i he rps f .mer r's "Am prees t prcaldes fl oad potret iers water start:g lur-.rig yreinf all :esso, June through Se-:te:1:bar, C -:r uc.e as agrtculture water in
PAGE 12
ta growara nesson, --etate enensive nonllow reservai n one were on te 1.:4400 1--r reation acces, DiL 1.! ri.!.M11lo;t c' aversbadsving thom attrib1s:e increased as r.11e pcpu ami tem large water storage Balt-WB'-er 10.17113.[--33, b'.It 'n arece. where i sr.ega ere l'eitg. toren te n om use, "'re pr-:b-mma are 15 31&.51l~iC lil.E thOt e Mtsl."3 Mye pr---gr's by the three brev;eher .a "::'.ter 7:e;;aurces ..tv-sich if Lhe L .. 11"( -'i-O-. .' "n'fia l' K '. .' .-f whiah .tud:. e a The progen; i c. etain --ared by ate pr>;rei une tiz irsiusi,.a at nyeeis to aid in the solving o'' the wt:ter res-
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