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ZIGZAG JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
THE ZIGZAG SERIES.
BY
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN EUROPE.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYS IN CLASSIC LANDS.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS IN THE ORIENT.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS IN THE OCCIDENT.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS [IN NORTHERN LANDS.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS IN ACADIA.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS IN THE LEVANT.
ZIGZAG JOURNEYS IN THE SUNNY SOUTH.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS IN INDIA.
ZIGZAG YOURNEVS IN THE ANTIPODES.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS IN THE BRITISH
ISLES.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS IN THE GREAT NORTH-
WEST. .
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS IN AUSTRALIA.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS ON THE MISSISSIPPI.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYS ON THE MEDITER-
RANEAN.
ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS IN THE WHITE CITY.
ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
ESTES AND LAURIAT, Publishers,
BOSTON, MASS.
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BUTTERFLY BALLET IN A THEATRE IN JAPAN.
ZIGZAG JOURNEYS
AROUND THE WORLD.
BY
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
FULLY ILLUSTRATED.
BOSTON:
ESTES:AND LAURIAT,
: PUBLISHERS.
Copyright, 1895,
By Estes AND LAURIAT.
All Righis Reserved.
GAniversity [ress :
JOHN Witson AnD Son, Campripee, U.S. A.
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
1 T is not for every person to attain riches; no more
is it the destiny of every one to ascend to the realms
of success in literature. Nevertheless, those of us who
labour in the rank and file of the army of literary and
journalistic workers, love to read of those who are
known both at home and abroad, and to hear the
story of their lives from the beginning to the pinnacle of renown.
Such a person, the ideal of whom I have always pictured in my mind,
deserves the place assigned to him by the public, that great critic that
assumes to designate what is good and what is not good. The
people, the readers, the intelligent of humanity, assign every literary
worker to some place, some position, in the galaxy of crowned and
uncrowned kings. But it is not to this fact alone that such successful
writers owe their position. It is owing to their own exertions. It is
for what they have done to educate and elevate mankind, for what
they have given to the world, that they have the gratitude of nations ;
and just in proportion to what they have done, will their position be.
We form our impression of an author from his books. We think of
him as possessing a delightful personality or the opposite. Who
does not delight in charming personality? I do. Such a man is the
subject of my sketch. I have the pleasure of, to a certain extent,
a personal acquaintance with Mr. Hezekiah Butterworth, best known,
8 HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. .
perhaps, by the thousands upon thousands of people throughout this
country and Europe, in the school and in the family circle, as the
author of the “ Zigzag Journeyings.†But who will not love to know
of him all the more, when I tell you that Mr. Butterworth is editorially
connected with that greatest and most successful of modern periodicals
for the young, the “ Youth’s Companion “
Mr. Hezekiah Butterworth was born in Warren, R. I., December
22d, in the year 1839, his family being among the earliest settlers of
Rhode Island. He grew up on the oid estates, where he worked, in
the mean time studying and obtaining his education, taught some, and
wrote for the popular papers of the day. In 1870 he became con-
?
nected with the “ Youth’s Companion†as assistant editor, a position
which he has held for nearly twenty years. Mr. Butterworth possesses
the faculty for seeing what is wanted by young minds, and hence his
great success in connection with the “ Youth’s Companion,†which
has, without a doubt, a greater hold upon the youth of the country
than any other paper of any name or description. In 1875, Mr.
Butterworth wrote the “Story of the Hymns,†for which he received
the George Wood gold medal. He has recently written a companion
volume, now to be published, entitled the “ Story of the Tunes.â€
While engaged in his editorial duties some ten years ago, Dana
Estes, Esq., of the publishing house of Estes and Lauriat, showed
him a popular French work called “ Zigzag Journeys.†The book
gave an account of a French schoolmaster who took a class of boys
on a journey in search of story-places. Mr. Butterworth, knowing
what was wanted in their line, believed books of stories of places
would be likely to prove useful to home and school education, and
wrote a specimen book on the French plan. It was entitled “ Zigzag
Journeys in Europe.†The book was immediately popular, and about
forty thousand copies of it have been sold.1_ The educational journals,
and the press generally, saw the purpose of the book, and very highly
1 Nearly 100,000 have ow been sold.
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. 9
commended it. One New York paper, however, a critical journal,
ridiculed it, and said: “ He threatens to go on.†Mr. Butterworth did
go on. Eleven volumes of the “ Zigzag†series of books have been
written, and some three hundred thousand volumes sold; and they have
been placed in most school libraries, having become a popular annual. ~
’
“Something new†is the never ending demand in literature. Mr.
Butterworth has been very successful in pursuing original plans,
and making for himself a field outside, largely, of the conventional
work of literature. Of this, the most striking example is the “ Zigzag â€
series, which books owe their success, to a great extent, to their
novelty. As a cantata librettist he wrote “Under the Palms,†“ David,
the Shepherd Boy,†and other like works, which have been very
popular in this country and in England, owing to their peculiar con-
‘struction, as well as their adaptability to popular concerts. There
have been more than fifty thousand copies of “Under the Palmsâ€
sold in England alone.
As a poet, Mr. Butterworth has published two volumes, namely:
“ Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year†(Estes and Lauriat);
and “Songs of History †(New England Publishing Company). He
is to issue this year a volume of poems on “Florida and the Palm
Lands.â€
I wish space would allow me to quote from this volume as freely
as I would like. It is a beautiful volume of holiday styles, bound in
vellum. From the volume which Mr. Butterworth kindly presented
to me, I will take the liberty of making a few references. I do not
assume the roll of critic. Not I; but what particularly pleases me
is a poem entitled “ The Clocks of Kenilworth,†suggested by the
ruined church at Jamestown, Virginia. Starting out under the
quotation, well known to my readers : —
“ The clocks were stopped at the banquet hour.â€
1 This is the sixteenth volume.
IO HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
the poem reads : —
“ An ivy spray in my hand I hold,
The kindly ivy that covers the mould
Of ruined halls; it was brought to me
From Kenilworth Castle o’er the sea. —
“ Oh, Ivy, Ivy, I think of the Queen,
Who once swept on her way through the oak walks green,
To Kenilworth, far in the gathering glooms,
Her cavalcade white with silver plumes.
“ They are gone, all gone, those knights of old
With their red-cross banners and spurs of gold,
And thou dost cover their castle’s mould,
Oh, Ivy, Ivy, dark and cold! â€
The next verse goes on to describe the entering of the Queen
into the Castle, —
“ When the great bell strikes in the signal-tower,â€
amid the peal of trumpets and the roll of drums, where the thousand
goblets await her, and pictures the progress of that lady, who takes
her stand on the dais when falls a deep silence on the blazing halls
as the Queen opens her lips, when to the honor of all that brilliant
throng, the clocks begin to beat, seeming to say in the stillness, —
“ Dying, dying, this too — this too — shall pass away!â€
The sixth stanza goes on : —
“ Then the dark knights say, ‘What is wanting here?’
‘That the hour should last’ — so said a peer.
‘The hour shad/ last !’ the proud earl calls ;
‘Ho! Stop the clocks in the banquet halls!’
* And the clocks’ slow pulses of death were stilled,
And the gay earl smiled, and the wine was spilled,
And the jewelled Queen at the dumb clocks laughed,
And the flashing goblet raised and quaffed.â€
The poem then goes on to relate how the proud earl never won
his bride, how the Queen grew old, gray, and withered, and the senti-
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. | 13
ment spoken by the clocks is beautifully, touchingly pictured in the
last stanza, which I give. Of the Queen it says: —
“On her crownless brow fell white her hair ;
And she buried her face in her cushions there:
‘One moment!’ it echoed through the hall,
But the clock stopped not on the arrased wall.
“ There is a palace whose dial towers
Uplift no record of vanishing hours,
Disease comes not to its doors, nor falls
Death’s dusty step in its golden halls.
“ And more than crowns, or castles old,
Or red-cross banners, or spurs of gold,
That palace key it is to hold,
Oh, Ivy, Ivy, dark and cold! â€
This poem was originally published in “ Wide Awake.â€
the poems in this volume have before been published, but many of
them are here published for the first time.
“ Songs of the New England Hayfield†particularly takes my fancy,
as it vividly recalls to my mind the days of my boyhood and scenes in
the hayfield.
“Verazzano†also greatly pleases me. But next to “ The Clocks
of Kenilworth,†“ Literatus: Lincoln’s Last Dream†pleases me most
President Lincoln, just before the assassination, is said to have re-
marked to Mrs. Lincoln: “ When my cares of state are over, I wish
to go to Palestine.†The poem is a pathetic picture of Lincoln’s
life during the great struggle for the freedom of slaves, and closes by
referring touchingly to the death of Lincoln, in the last verses, as
follows : —
“ April morning ; flags are blowing ;
*Thwart each flag a sable bar.
Dead, the leader of the people ;
Dead, the world’s great commoner.
14 HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
“Bells on the Potomac tolling ;
Tolling by the Sangamon;
Tolling from the broad Atlantic
To the Ocean of the Sun.
“Friend and foe clasp hands in silence,
Listen to the low prayers said,
Hear the peoples’ benedictions,
Hear the nations praise the dead.
“ Lovely land of Palestine!
He thy shores will never see,
But, his dream fulfilled, he follows
Him who walked in Galilee.â€
He read the poem at the opening of the Peace and Arbitration
Congress at Chicago at the World’s Columbian Exposition.
Many of his poems read well to musical accompaniments, and he
has prepared. a compilation of musical effects, “Readings with
Musical Accompaniments†(John Church & Co.). Mr. Butterworth
wrote “ Young People’s History of Boston,†edited “Young People’s
History of America,†and has contributed to the “ Atlantic Monthly â€
under Mr. Howells, to “Appleton’s Journal†and “St. Nicholas,â€
“Wide Awake,†and “Santa Claus;†and is also a contributor to
Harper’s publications. He has, moreover, written for the Chau-
tauqua works. As a traveller Mr. Butterworth has visited Europe,
the South, West, and North-west of our own country, and Canada and
Cuba and Venezuela, thus extending his field of knowledge by careful
observation which has added materially to the value of his writings. Mr.
Butterworth possesses a personal charm that is transferred to the pages »
of his books; consequently, to read his books is almost like personal
observation, so closely does he himself observe, and so faithfully does
he portray his observations in his works.
As an editor his views are, that there is a larger demand for the
humorous or pathetic short stories than for writings of any other
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. , 15
description; and next to this, articles that awake curiosity, and help
practical life.
Mr. Butterworth loves the quiet of. country home life, and has a farm-
home in Warren, Rhode Island, and one in Bristol in the same little
State; also in Belleview, Florida. He is deeply interested in the collec-
tion of humorous New England lore, or the queer tales of the towns in
characters like Grimm’s German tales. His idea is, as he once ex-
pressed it to me in his earnest, fascinating, enthusiastic manner, that
many old New England towns, especially old seaport towns of Massa-
chusetts, for example, possess a legend that has been told to and
handed down by each succeeding generation, and which, coupled with
its humour, contains many or all of the facts relating to the history
of a town; so that, in reading such stories, historical facts are im-
pressed upon the mind. .
He is also deeply interested in the establishment of a Spanish
School in Belleview, Florida, to which he has offered the use of his
cottage there. To show how worthy are the motives of a worthy man,
I quote from “ The Belleview [ Florida] Blade,†of the issue of October 3,
1889, in which Mr. Butterworth, in a letter to Editor Hart of the
“ Blade,†says: “ When it is asked of an English traveller, as it often is:
‘How did Germany obtain such great commercial interests in the
Argentine Republic?’ the answer is likely to be, the German student
is taught Spanish. Sixty shiploads a month go into the port of
Buenos Ayres, but only a few of these have the American flag. The
United States needs a school, open alike to North and South Ameri-
can students, where South American Spanish shall be made a dis-
tinctive feature of education, and where Cuban and South American
students can receive special musical education.†This project is
likely to prove a success.
Unlike many writers, Mr. Butterworth has never mingled greatly
in literary societies, preferring a free lance in a free field, in which he
has found an independent field of: success.
16 ; HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH.
He has sometimes lectured at the New England Conservatory of
Music, and before educational and religious societies. His advice to
young writers is to follow original inspirations. He is a very busy
man always; and most of his books have been written under “a
pressure of work;†and at such times he has received the assistance
of well-known travellers, as, for example, in his “ Zigzag Journey †series.
His greatest regret is, the hasty way in which most of his work has
been done, so much of his time is taken by his duties on the “ Com-
panion,†for Mr. Butterworth prefers quality rather than quantity.
Personally, Mr. Butterworth is adelightful man to meet, and to bein
his society is to be afforded a degree of enjoyment and pleasure that is
rare. Every moment with him is sure to develop some new thought,
some new and original idea. He is vigorous of body, and carries him-
self with an elastic bearing. In conversation he is earnest and enthusi-
astic, and speaks in a certain rapid and pointed manner that at once
fascinates and interests one. In speaking, he frequently indulges in
little ripples of mirth; and, in fact, his whole nature is beaming with
that sort of pure, rare humour that lends fascination to hig writings.
His office in the “ Companion †building is filled with rare pictures and
cases of books, and the desk at which he works is littered with papers
and manuscripts. A table near by is piled with books, magazines,
and periodicals. Mr. Butterworth is slightly gray, but youthful look-
ing. He is extremely fond of young society, and many are the de-
lightful occasions spent at his home on Worcester Street. When he
meets you, his handshake is cordial, and his reception warm and hearty,
which at once puts one at perfect ease. He loves music, and culti-
vates a rare religious sentiment which shows itself in all his writings.
His personality is charming. While retiring in his disposition, ‘he
_is perfectly composed. He prefers not to speak of his own work,
and seldom does directly, though he will talk freely of subjects in
which he is interested in connection with his work. Whatever meas-
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. 17
ure of success he has met with, it has certainly not come from any
desire to attract attention to himself personally, for he has always
preferred a different field, that of quiet and exclusiveness, so far as
his work is concerned, though he is a favourite at various entertain-
ments, concerts, and lectures, and often takes a part, frequently by
reading a poem; and most of his spare evenings are occupied in
this manner. Such is the author of “Zigzag Journeys,†in the humble
way in which I have tried to write of him. I cannot do justice to
my subject, I. know, though it is not from any lack of a disposition
to. do so, on my part.
ALLAN ERIC, iz the Fournalist, 1889.
PREFACE.
N writing and editing this mélange of descriptions of
§ S Sr p
picturesque places, the author has received help from
several travellers whose work is credited in the chapters
in which it appears. The purpose of the book is to
illustrate the advantages of educational travel or visits to the great
schoolrooms of the world. It seeks to answer the question, What
should the student-traveller see ?
CONTENTS.
PAGE
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH . . . . . . 1 ee ee ew ee . 7
CHAPTER
I. THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. ..... . 27
Il. SomME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW FOR A VOYAGE AROUND THE
WoRLD «we ee ee ee eee 49
III. NICARAGUA. — CHICAGO. — THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.
— THE YOSEMITE.— THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA... . 61
IV. TALES AND AMUSEMENTS ON THE SEA ....... . + 76
V. JAPAN, HonG-KONG, CHINA, AND BORNEO . . . . . . + « 109
VI. CEYLON, — THE TaJ,—AND THE GREAT Bo-TREE .... . I4I
VII. THE Most BEAUTIFUL TEMPLES IN THE WoRLD. . -... 1 58
VIII. To THE MOUNT OF THE BEATITUDES.— VENICE TO THURINGIA 173
IX. WALHALLA (REGENSBURG).— THE MIDNIGHT SUN. . . . . 193
X. BELGIUM. . . . ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 222
XI. SOUTHAMPTON AND THE ISLE OF WIGHT 2 ee 234
XII. THE Coast OF THE DISCOVERY De ee eee 262
XI. PERU 2... we ee ee ee ee ee ee 279
XIV. EDUCATION IN SOUTH AMERICA.— MEXICO. . ... .. . + 311
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Hezekiah Butterworth . . .
Butterfly Ballet in a Theatre in Japan
Emerson .
The Sermon on the Mount .
' The Sphinx .
Alpine Scenery . .
Tank. — Pagoda of Chillambaran
Mosque, Triplican
Lake Lucerne oe
The Golden Temple of Umritseer
Lake Lucerne’
Chapultepec. . . . . . ©
Popocatapetl
The Town-Hall, Zurich .
A Cascade in the Yellowstone Park .
Icelandic Geyser . ,
View in Iceland
Columns of Red Sandstone .
Kilauea. 2... ewe
View of Sandwich Islands. . .
Waves of Fire. . . 2. . 2 se
Crater of Kilauea... . . .
Lava Beds . . «2. . 2 se ee
Lava Stream ee es
The Garden of the Gods. . .
PAGE
II
29
31
33
35
37
43
45
47
53
54
55
59
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
72
73
77
The Cathedral . . 2.
A. Dyak of Borneo .
Palace of Copal Bhowan .
Pagoda near Kuttack
Mexican Medicine-Man .
An Unpleasant Neighbour .
A Cave-Dweller
Temple of Hatchiman .
The Romsdal . .
Scenein Japan...
Japanese Bazaar . . .
Porcelain Tower . . .
Coreans :
Belfry of Buddhist Temple :
Temple of Confucius .
Angcor Wat .....
River Scenery, Borneo
A European Residence, Borneo
The Baion, Angcor Thom .
Group of Dyaks
Lower Rapid, Sarawak River .
Head-Hunting Dyaks of Borneo .
Dyak Bridge and Hut
Dahomey Cruelties
The Pet Orang-Outang .
PAGE
79
81
83
85
89
93
97
IOl
105
109
III
24 ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE PAGE
Ceylon . . . 6 » « « ~ + « . 141 | The Pinacothekk 2. 2. 6... . . 195
Native Cottages in Ceylon . . . . . 142] The Walhalla . . . . 2... 1. 197
Anaconda and Tiger. . . . « . . 143 Interiorofthe Walhalla. . . . . . 198
Malay Mud Hut . . .. . . . . 146] TheGlyptothek . . .....), 199
The Taj,Agra. . . . . 4 . . s 147 | Triumphal Arch, Munich . . . . . 201
The Taj, from.adistance . . . .. 151 | The FjordofFramnas . . . . . . 202
Garden-Gate of the Taj. . . . . . 4152] Statueof Bavaria. . . ... ., 203
A Forest of Ceylon . . . . . . . 154] Veblungsnaeset . . . . . . . . 206
Aladdin’s Gate, Delhi . . . . . . 455 | The Fladel . . . 2... 207
Public Baths . . . . . . . . . 157] Voring Pass. . . 2... . . . . 208
Fagade of the Palace,Gwalior. . . . 159] The Churchat Bakke . . . . . . 217
Palace of Shah Jehan . . . . . . 161 | Cliffs of Norway . . . . . . . . 2m4
The Mausoleum of Akbar . . . . . 162| CascadeontheRosota...... 217
Pagoda, Bombay . . . . . . . « 163] Waterloo. . .......0.~:; 223
Rock-Hewn Temples. . . . . . ~ 4165 | Napoleon received on the “ Bellerophon†229
The Heimdal . . . . . . . . . 167] Henry VIII. . . 2... . 0, 238
Orizaba . . . . . . . . « . . a7t | Canute’s Palace . .. .. 239
Synagogue of Jerusalem. . . . . . 173 | Palace of Henry VII]. . . . . . . 240
Jaffa . 2. 2. 2. ww ww. . 174] Grace Darling. 2. 2. 1... 249
Jerusalem. 174] George III.. 2. 6. 1. Loe
Church of the Holy Sepulchre . . . 175 | Cayenne. . ...... . . . 262
Jacob’s Well . . . . «©... . 175 | Road near Cayenne... .. . . 265
Samaria. . . . . . . . . . . 196] Falls of the Rio Negro. . . . . . 267
Mount Hermon . . . . . . . . 176| Mouth of the Sagnasson. . . . . . 268
Nazareth 2. 2... Ww, 177} AvenueofPalms . ......., 269
Cana fromthe East . . . . 1... 177 | “The Peaks Pierce the Skyâ€. . . . 291
Tiberias . . . . . . . . . . . 178] Boatsonthe Amazon ...... 273
SeaofGalilee . . 2... . . 4. 179 | Gate of the Cordilleras . . . . . . 277
Gethsemane. . . . . . . . . . 181 | Mountainnear Huaro . . soe ee 281
Moorish Woman . . . . . . . . 182 Valley of the Marcopata . . . . . 285
ZUVICH 6: ses a Ser ce om es 184 | Hacienda of Lauramarca ..... 287
Brazilian Indians . . . . . . . . 28 5 | Rio Ccoiii soe ee we ew 289
The Wad, Zurich . . 2. 2. 2... 187 | The CerroEscopal . ...... 291
Warriors of the Amazon . . . . , 189 | Rio Maniri. . 1. 1 ww ww. 293
: AStreetin Ratisbon. . ..... 194! Rio Cadena. . © ».0 . . 5 « 295
Rio Cuchua. . . . ©
Cailloma La Rica .
Basalt Dikes on the Velille .
Source of the Mesacancha .
Rio Apurimac
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
297
299
301
303
» 305
Rio De Condoroma
Mud Huts, Columbia
Monterey
Church at Chihuahua .
25
PAGE
309
312
313
317
Z\GZAG JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
CHAPTER IL
THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD.
1R. DAVIDSON, a well-to-do Boston gentleman of
middle life, had two sons, Henry and Harold.
They had just graduated, one from a literary and
the other from a scientific school. The boys were
one day surprised to hear their father say: “ You
have done yourselves and the family credit by your
courses at school; I am proud of your records, and now I wish to
give you the new education.â€
“And what is that, father?†asked Henry, — “a post-graduate
course?â€
“ Yes, my son, a post-graduate course, but not such an one as you
may imagine it to be. My impression is that the post-graduate course
of the future will be educational travel. A student cannot complete
his education by books alone; he must know the world, life, men.
Books do not educate; they are guides. Men of means often end
their lives, or the business part of their lives, in travel, as I may do.
But a young man needs to travel before he takes up a business life.
There is no education like it; it makes a young man broad to see
the world. I do not mean travel for pleasure; such travellers find
little beyond what they seek. Dr. Johnson used to say that some
28 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS: AROUND THE WORLD.
men would see more in a ride in a Hempstead stage than others
would in a voyage around the. world. Thoreau had a like view when
"he wrote —
“¢Tf with fancy unfurled
You leave your abode,
You may go around the world,
By the old Marlboro road.’
“ T mean travel for information, which is the greatest pleasure. To
have true views of life one must mingle with men, and to have a cor-
rect view of one’s purpose in the world, one must see the world. A
year of travel would do much to start an observing young man with
correct and advantageous views of men and the world. I wish you
to have this new education. I may be able to go with you. If I
could have seen. more of the world at your age, it would have made
me a broader and better man. I should have learned what I have
been gaining by slow experience. But all our views of education are
now changing; education now stands for the whole of life, so I am
a pupil yet. My belief is that the time is coming when a tour around
the world will be an essential part of a young man’s education, and
that the travelling schoolmaster will occupy a large place in the school
system of the twentieth century. I should not wonder if such educa-
tion for meritorious scholars were to be provided for out of public
funds. The true schoolroom is the world. Why, I have met old
sailors whom I would rather entertain, or have entertain me, than
college professors. They knew 4&7.â€
“ But, father,†said Henry, “if you were to give us a year of educa-
tional travel, where would you have us go?†.
“ That is what I was about to plan. I have a theory that each boy’s
instincts would lead him to wish to go to those places that would be
most useful to him. ‘The current knows the way, as Emerson says.
If a boy were born for literature, he would ‘tend to literary places ; if
to business, to commercial places. Now, Henry, if you were to have
THE WONDERFUL WAY.AROUND THE WORLD. 29
the opportunity of making a journey around the world, what. would
you most like to see?â€
_“The most wonderful places in the world. I know that you will
say, father, that it is not the best thing in life to be seeking after the
marvellous. But I must answer honestly. Emerson says: ‘I am not
much of an advocate of travel. Men go abroad because they do not
amount to anything at home, and
they return again because they do not
amount to anything where they go,
and that wherever he may go, a man
has. no more worth than he carries.
with him,’ or words like these. But
Emerson himself travelled.â€
“Yes, and he learned so much by
it that he was more than satisfied
with his own country, and he wrote,
‘Good-bye, proud world, I am going
home. It was worth much travel to
write that line out of one’s heart.
The result of Emerson’s travels was = \\ C
contentment, and contentment is the A
short way to happiness. You will EMERSON.
make a happier home for me after
you have travelled a year. Harold, where would you go if you were
to travel? What would you most wish to see?â€.
“T would see the places where people have lived the best and hap-
piest lives. I wish to see the best that men have lived; I would
study men.†.
“Henry, your wish indicates an active imagination, and yours,
Harold, a very benevolent spirit.â€
“T know, father,†said Henry, “that Harold’s is the better view. I
am glad that it is. But Iwas born with a love for the marvellous.â€
30 ZIGZAG ¥OURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
“Then, my boy, that is your gift. Make it useful. The creative
fancy is power in life, if rightly used.â€
“JT have no liking for realistic books,†said Henry. “I like such
stories as Queen Scheherezade told to the King of India, and always
left him up a tree, with his eyes and mouth open for more, and so
saved her head for a ‘thousand and one nights.’â€
“There are many who agree with you, my son. The ‘Arabian
Nights, or Queen Scheherezade’s stories, is the most popular book
in all the world. Se saved her head.â€
“ Yes, father, and I like best those stories that would have saved the
heads of the writers in a like situation. It seems to me that it is only
such story-tellers who deserve to live. A story.is not a story unless
it rises above common life. It seems to me if the marvellous were to
cease, one would want to die.â€
“ Progress follows the creative imagination, my boy, and I do not.
regret that you have an active fancy. Christ himself taught the
people by parables.â€
“He showed them that way that is best in life,†said Harold.
“The Sermon on the Mount was not a parable.â€
“But the mount was a grand pulpit from which to preach,†said
Henry. “ The great leaders of men have not been realists, — rooted
to their own soil,— they have come down from the mountain tops.
You ask me what I would most like to see —I would like to visit
the mountains of the world.
“ What would I like to see?†he continued, “I would like to see
the Alps, the Rocky Mountains, and the Andes. 1 would like to see
the people watching the sun when it goes down for half a year. I
would like to see Cuzco, and then imagine Peru in-her glory. I
would like to see the temples of Ceylon and the Taj at Agra, and the
roses of Cashmere. I would like to see the mountain on which Christ
preached. I would like to ask the Sphinx some questions.â€
“T would rather see the valleys where contented people lived,†said
Harold, “ or the capitals of the countries of the world.â€
THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT.
THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. 33
“The three are often found side by side,†said Mr. Davidson:
“the mountains, the valleys, and the chief cities. So we may plan a
journey that will include all, and go by the ports of the sea. Henry,
I wish you to plan for us a marvellous journey around the world. If
we see the mountain tops,-the view will include what is helpful and
THE SPHINX.
useful. I take Harold’s view of life, but the imagination includes
them. So, Henry, plan for us the most marvellous journey that you
can; the journey by which we can see the most for the least money,
and we will consider it together another time.â€
“ A journey on the mountain tops?â€
“Yes, if you choose to call it so,—a journey on the mountain
tops; it will take us to the valleys by the way of the ports. What
scene of all our ancient American history would you most like to
have witnessed?â€
“ Peru in her glory.â€
“I thought it would have been the landing of Columbus, or of
3
34 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
the Pilgrim Fathers, or the Signing of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence.â€
“Those were events, were they not, father? You asked what
scene.
“Yes, and your picturesque sense and imagination show that we
can trust you at least for an interesting outline of a journey. Harold
and I will be able to read behind the picturesque. I like your fancy, -
as I said, but remember, my boy, that in this world that is always the —
best which will do the most good. But I shall examine your plan for
a journey around the world with interest, and you will not complain if
I may have to revise and correct it. One cannot live on mountain
tops, — the top of the mountain is barren and cold. A mountain is
not a ‘great impostor, as an Englishman called it, butit is hardly the
most useful picture of all geography. I have opened my heart to you.
We will next plan the journey.â€
Mr. Davidson left the boys.
“Was there ever boys that had such a father?†said Henry.
“ T should answer that after Whittington,†said Harold.
“You might, but I could not.â€
“T shall use my eyes in this journey,†said Harold, “for all they
are worth. I shall study men.â€
“ And I my ears,†said Henry. “I shall study places.â€
“ And father will use his good heart,†said Harold. “ What a man
he is!â€
“Yes,†said Henry, “and the heart after all is the best thing that
any man can take into the world. The heart finds friends every-
where, and a man who always acts in the right spirit, has a straight
road and little difficulty wherever he may go. TZha¢ is my father.â€
“And mine,†said Harold; “and to travel with him is not only
education, — it is character.â€
“ But father is not rich,†said Henry.
“No, but he says that to give us this opportunity, under his own
direction, is the best investment that he can make.â€
THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. 35
“ I must study an inexpensive plan of a journey,†said Henry.
“Yes, your problem is how we can make the longest and best
journey for the smallest amount of money. One can make a journey
ALPINE SCENERY.
around the world for six hundred dollars, and one might go around the
world without seeing the world.â€
_ “T could make the journey for five hundred dollars and see the
world.â€
“ And South America, the land of the future?†said Harold.
“Yes, the world and South America, the land of the future, for
five hundred dollars for me and for you, and one thousand dollars for
father; he ought not to travel second class.â€
“It would do zs good to do so,†said Harold; “we could better
study life with the people.â€
36 ZIGZAG FJOURNEYVS AROUND THE WORLD.
“T have read much,†said Henry, “about student travellers. I
will now study guide books, maps, and the railroad and steamboat
literature, which is the latest history of the world. I will try to find
how we might go around the world for five hundred dollars by the
way of South America.â€
“But you will not travel in that way,†said Harold. ‘“ You have
too much imagination, and that is a very expensive thing to have. I
think I can make the journey for that. I will try, so that I may show
other students how it may be done.â€
To this study Henry Davidson gave himself day by day.
He found that the shortest and cheapest way around the world by
South America would be to go from New York to Panama by the
Columbian or the Pacific Mail Line of steamers; and thence to Val-
paraiso, stopping at Callao for Lima, and at Mollando for Cuzco. A
railway runs from Mollando to Cuzco by the way of Arequipa and
Lake Titicaca. From Valparaiso a railway is nearly completed over
the Andes to Buenos Ayres. The mails already go through from the
Pacific to the Atlantic by this route. Such a journey would give one
a view of the ruins of the once splendid empire of the Children of the
Sun; of Chili, one of the most progressive and enterprising of the
South American republics; and of the Argentine Republic, the terri-
tory of a great German immigration.
Santiago de Chili is a most splendid city, some ninety miles by
sail from the port of Valparaiso, and on the route of the stupendous
railroad over the Andes to Buenos Ayres. It faces some of the most
picturesque peaks of the Andes, and it has many private houses of
wonderful taste and beauty, some of which are said to have cost each
a million or more dollars. It is a healthy city, and the new world’s
life is in it.
But the steamer fares on the west coast of South America are very
high, and there are few places in the world where travellers find ser-
vice more expensive.
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THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. 39
Henry had read so many books in regard to Peru that he felt that
he must not omit Cuzco from his plan, and he knew that Harold
would wish to see Valparaiso, Santiago de Chili, and the Argentine
Republic. His allotted five hundred dollars would soon melt away
by this route. What were the other routes that would include
South America, the land of the future?
The advertisement of Thomas Cook and Son, Tourists and Ex-
cursionists, presented two very attractive cheap routes around the
world, but they did not include South America, the land of the future.
They were as follows : —
Route No. 5.— New York, Canadian-Pacific Railway to Vancouver, Can-
adian and Australian Steamship Line to Sydney véa Honolulu, Peninsular and
Oriental steamer to Melbourne, Adelaide, Ceylon, Suez Canal, Malta, Gibraltar,
London, Liverpool, and by any steamship line to New York. First class,
$610.00.
Route No. 1A.— New York, Canadian-Pacific Railway to Vancouver, Can-
adian-Pacific Railway steamer to Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong-Kong, thence by
Peninsular and Oriental Steam. Navigation Company to Singapore, Ceylon,
through the Red Sea and Suez Canal to Port Said, Malta, Gibraltar, London,
Midland Railway to Liverpool, and by transatlantic steamer to New York,
Boston, Quebec, or Montreal. First class, $610.00.
Henry Gaze and Sons, Tourists’ Directors, had laid out similar
routes, at the same low cost, but they did not include “the land of the
future.’ Two of them ran thus :—
Vancouver, the Sandwich Islands, Australia, Ceylon, Red Sea, Egypt,
Lngland.
Route H.— New York, Niagara Falls, Toronto (or vza Montreal), Van-
couver, Canadian-Pacific steamer via Honolulu to Sydney, thence by Peninsular
and Oriental steamer via Melbourne and Adelaide to Colombo (Ceylon), Aden,
the Suez Canal, Ismailia (for Cairo), Malta, Gibraltar, London (or via Brindisi,
Naples, Rome, Genoa, and Paris to London, $35 higher), and choice of several
Atlantic lines to New York. $610.00.
40... ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
San Francisco, the Sandwich Islands, Samoa, Australia, Ceylon, Suez
Canal, Egypt, England.
ROUTE J.—New York, Chicago, Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, San
Francisco (or any other direct route across the United States), Oceanic Line
via Honolulu, Samoa and Auckland to Sydney, thence by Peninsular and Ori-
ental Line vza Melbourne and Adelaide to Colombo (Ceylon), Aden, the Suez
Canal, Ismailia (for Cairo), Malta, Gibraltar, London (or via Brindisi, Naples,
Rome, Genoa, and Paris to London, $35 higher), and by direct steamer to New
York. $610.00.
By travelling second class on steamers as well as by rail one could
go around the world by these routes for five hundred dollars. Buta
traveller, and especially a young traveller, needs to meet the most
intelligent people, and second class travel may not be the best edu-
cation for a young tourist.
The delightful way to South America is by steamer to South-
ampton, and thence to Buenos Ayres in the spring months, which
is our fall. Southampton is one of the most interesting of England’s
old cities. Here came the Romans; here Canute ordered back the
sea, which overturned his throne; near it, at Winchester, were buried
the early English kings. The New Forest is on its borders, with its
old legends, and in sight lies the Isle of Wight. The Pilgrim Fathers
sailed out of Northampton, and the grand ships of the American Line
seem like the “ Mayflower†coming back again, or like the “ Argoâ€
returning with the Golden Fleece. The ruins of Netley Abbey are
but a few miles from this fair city of the sea, and England’s great
naval stations are only a short distance from the port.
Gaze’s “ Tourist Gazette†(’95) thus gives an advertised schedule of
the service from Southampton and Liverpool : —
THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. 4I
SOUTH AMERICA VIA ENGLAND.
Steamers leave Liverpool and Southampton fortnightly for South American Ports.
FARES FROM ENGLAND.
PaciFIC STEAM NAVIGATION Co. : RoyaL Mai, STEAM PACKET Co.
Fortnightly from Liverpool. Fortnightly frou Southampton.
Via BorDEAUX AND LISBON. Vira Lisson.
First Class. Second Class. First Class. Second Class.
Pernambuco $118.50 $74.00 — Pernambuco $139.00 $99.00
Rio de Janeiro $118.50 $74.00 Rio de Janeiro $148.00 $99.00
Montevideo $139.00 $74.00 Montevideo $173.00 $99.00
Buenos Ayres $139.00 $74.00 Buenos Ayres $173.00 $99.00
Sailing days from Liverpool — Jan. 17, Sailing days from Southampton — Jan.
31; Feb. 14, 28; March 14, 28. II, 25.
In studying these routes, Henry’s eye rested on wea Lusdon.
Could he not go to Gibraltar, see historic Spain, and connect with
these boats at Lisbon for South America? As South America was
once Spanish America, would not this be the true historic way to go?
Follow Columbus? The splendid North German Lloyd steamers
have boats for Gibraltar and the East, among them the “ Kaiser Wil-
helm.†The Anchor Line also despatches fine boats to the East
which touch at Gibraltar. There are second-class fares to Gibraltar,
by good boats, as low as forty dollars. There are second-class fares
to South America from Lisbon for some seventy dollars. Including
a visit to Granada, Cordova, and Seville, here would be a route to
South America for one hundred and twenty-five dollars.
But — This route would compel the traveller who must use econ-
omy to make ¢hkree Atlantic voyages. This would not do. |
Henry next considered a trip founded on one of Gaze’s advertise-
ments, which ran thus : — .
ROUTE No. 1A. — New York, Canadian- Pacific Railway to Vancouver, Cana-
dian-Pacific Railway steamer to Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong-Kong, thence by:
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company to Singapore, Ceylon,
42 ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS AROUND THE WORLD.
through the Red Sea and Suez Canal to Port Said, Malta, Gibraltar, London,
Midland Railway to Liverpool, and by transatlantic steamer to New York,
Boston, Quebec, or Montreal. First class, $610.00,
This would touch Japan, China, and India; he could break the
journey at Port Said and go to Cairo and Jerusalem, and sail from
Lisbon for South America, by breaking the journey at Gibraltar.
From Lisbon he could go to Buenos Ayres, thence over the new rail-
way to Valparaiso; thence to Cuzco; then to Panama or San Francisco.
But Mexico belongs to the new world of the future. The tour
should include Mexico. How could this be done?
A new line of railroad connects the City of Mexico with the Pacific
Coast. Why not stop at that port, and return to New York by rail
from the City of Mexico? But for such a journey as this a thousand
dollars of the most inexpensive travel would melt away.
In a journey around the world an eastern man should see Niagara,
the Yellowstone Park, and the Yosemite Valley.
Henry puzzled himself day by day over these problems. He saw
that fifteen hundred dollars would be needed for an educational jour-
ney around the world. He felt that his father should spendas much
as this for his own journey. He noted down the things that one must
see in the outline of an educational journey to meet the larger intelli.
gence of the times. They were these: —
New York, Rome,
Niagara, Lucerne (called the most beautiful
Chicago, place in Europe),
Yellowstone National Park, Munich — Zurich — the Valhalla,
San Francisco and the Yosemite, Paris,
Yokohama, Antwerp and the field of Waterloo,
Hong-Kong, The Baltic,
Ceylon (the Taj at Agra), London (Southampton, and Isle of
Jerusalem and Galilee, Wight),
Athens, Granada (Seville and the Royal tombs),
MBIA CAAA A Ads AHO dds
scr RNa AT
La
Ta SN Ne
MOSQUE, TRIPLICAN.
THE WONDERFUL WAY AROUND THE WORLD. 45
Buenos Ayres, Cuzco,
Santiago de Chili (with Valparaiso as City of Mexico,
port), Washington.
What could be omitted from this list of essential points? Nothing.
How far would five hundred dollars go for such a journey? Onlya
e
LAKE LUCERNE.
part of the way. In his dilemma he sought Harold and laid before
him his plan.
“Nothing can be sunita from the plan, except South America
and Mexico, the lands of the future,†said Harold. “Now you can
imagine a five-hundred-dollar journey, but you cannot make such an
one. I can. People of imagination, as I said, do not travel that way.
46 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
People of large fancies usually exceed all their plans and go into debt. .
You make out a plan of a thousand-dollar journey, second class by
rail, and first class by steamers for yourself and father, and I will make
the same journey for five hundred dollars. It would injure you to
travel with second-class passengers; it would help me. You see
things double, I try to see things as they are. Now I will travel
second class all the way through. I will board on shipboard while in
ports, and I will work on ship journeys in some way if Ican. I shall
be safe with father on board. The self-restraint will do.me good. I
will enjoy it. You know,†he continued, “that Ruskin has four rules
of life, — |
“«* Simplicity, Activity, Selfrestraint, Joy.’
I will take all of these with me, and I will be the happiest traveller
that ever crossed the three oceans, and I will never lose my self-
respect, nor forget that Iam a gentleman. I should just like to do ser-
vice in the steerage; to see and study the people who are crossing the
seas to make up the new populations of North and South America.
I would like to go to South America by the way of Hamburg, in the
new German emigration. I love the people. I love the people who
have a future, and hold the destinies of the future in their hands. I
care but little for dead lands. Show your plan to father. I know
that he will accept it.
“He ought not to spend more than three thousand dollars for us _
all, and I will make the journey for five hundred: dollars. You will
need five hundred dollars more for the education of the imagination,
and it will be well spent. You have included the countries of the
future in your itinerary; I am glad.â€
Mr. Davidson accepted Henry’s plan.†It delighted him.
Se: LEELA NT =
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THE GOLDEN TEMPLE OF UMRITSEER.
CHAPTER 11.
SOME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW FOR A VOYAGE AROUND
THE WORLD.
yfi HO made the first voyage around the world?†asked
Henry one day of his father, as the two had been
talking of their proposed journey.
“Ferdinand Magellan,†said Mr. Davidson, “ did
he not? He left his name to the Straits that made
his voyage historic. He sailed from San Lucar in
1519, passed along the shores of the La Plata to Patagonia, and
through the Straits into the Pacific Ocean.â€
“But he died on the Philippine Islands in 1521,†said Henry.
“So he did not make the voyage around the world.â€
“What became of his ship?†asked Mr. Davidson.
“It was carried back to Spain.â€
“Those who took it back made the first voyage around the world,â€
said Mr. Davidson.
“Sir Francis Drake,†said Henry, “sailed around the world in
1577-79, and returned with a ship freighted with gold. He sailed
~ again, but the ship of gold, or the ‘Golden Hynde,’ came back, but it
did not bring him back. He had died on the Spanish main, and his
body was sunk in the deep sea, perhaps in one of his chests for gold.â€
“Captain Cook,†said his father, “made three voyages around the
world, — one in 1768, one in 1772, and one in 1776, or about those
dates,â€
“I have read that Captain Cook’s vessel on which he made his
first voyage around the world, was very small, of some three hundred
4
50 . ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
and seventy tons burden. I have contrasted that little ship with the
great ocean steamers of to-day. Let me read to you the tonnage of
some of these vessels : —
“ American. — Paris, 10,800 tons; New York, 10,800 tons.
“ Anchor. — City of Rome, 8,144 tons; Furnessia, 5,495 tons.
“« Atlantic Transport. — Mohawk, 8,000 tons; Manitoba, 8,000 tons; Mo-|
bile, 8,000 tons; Massachusetts, 8,000 tons.
“ Cunard. — Campania, 12,950 tons; Lucania, 12,950 tons; Etruria, 7,750
tons; Umbria, 7,718 tons; Servia, 7,391 tons; Aurania, 7,268 tons.
“ French Transatlantic. —La Touraine, 8,000 tons: La Champagne, 7,200
tons; La Bretagne, 7,200 tons; La Bourgogne, 7,200 tons; La Gascogne,
7,200 tons.
“ Hamburg
tons; Augusta Victoria, 7,000 tons; Columbia, 7,000 tons.
“ North-German Lloyd. — Spree, 6,963 tons; Havel, 6,963 tons.
“ White Star.— Majestic, 10,000 tons; Teutonic, 10,000 tons.
Normannia, 9,000
“There are some other things that I have noted down,†continued
Henry. “They relate to the seasons.â€
“ Read them,†said Mr. Davidson.
“ Japan is the most beautiful in autumn, and should be visited in
October and November.â€
“Ceylon is the most lovely island in all the world, and should be
seen in January and February.
“The Mediterranean is usually calm in May and June.
“ Egypt should be visited in the winter.
“ March, April, and May are the best months in which to visit
Palestine.
“ June, July, and August are the best months for the Alpine journey.
“ And—â€
“ Well?â€
“Tn these lands wear flannel.
“ Thomas Cook in ‘ Cook’s Tours Around the World,’ publishes a
SOME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW FOR A VOYAGE. 51
table of distances, which picture the voyage we will make. I have
copied them : —
TABLE OF DISTANCES.
By Sea.
From San Francisco to Sydney, 7,200 miles.
“San Francisco to Yokohama, 4,750 miles.
“Vancouver to Yokohama, 4,334 miles.
“Sydney to Hong-Kong (via Torres Straits), 4,500 miles.
“Sydney to Colombo, 5,442 miles.
“Yokohama to Nagasaki, 735 miles.
“Nagasaki to Hong-Kong, 1,067 miles.
“Nagasaki to Shanghai, 350 miles.
“Shanghai to Hong-Kong, 870 miles.
“ Hong-Kong to Singapore, 1,437 miles.
‘© Singapore to Colombo, 1,659 miles.
“ Colombo to Port Said, 3,488 miles.
“Colombo to Tuticorin, 150 miles.
“Colombo to Calcutta (calling at Madras), 1,380 miles.
“Bombay to Ismailia, 3,016 miles.
“Ismailia to Port Satd, 43 miles.
“Port Said to Brindisi, 930 miles.
Port Said to Naples, 1,100 miles.
“Port Said to Malta, 935 miles.
‘Malta to Gibraltar, 981 miles.
Gibraltar to London (direct), 1,299 miles.
Cairo to Assouan (1st Cataracct), 583 miles.
Port Said to Alexandria, 155 miles.
Port Said to Marseilles, 1,508 miles.
Liverpool to New York, 2,980 miles.
Calcutta to Rangoon, 787 miles.
Distances By Raitt.
From New York to San Francisco (direct), 3,270 miles.
“Sydney to Melbourne, 5762 miles.
Melbourne to Adelaide, 5084 miles.
Yokohama to Kobé, 358 miles.
Colombo to Kandy, 75 miles.
Tuticorin to Madras, 406 miles.
52 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
From Calcutta to Darjeeling, 370 miles.
“Calcutta to Bombay (direct), 1,400 miles.
“Calcutta to Bombay (wa Benares, Delhi, Agra, Jeypoor, etc.),
1,882 miles.
«Madras to Bombay, 793 miles.
«Brindisi to London, 1,450 miles.
“Venice to London, 1,041 miles.
«Naples to London, 1,358 miles.
- Marseilles to London, 822 miles.
“London to Liverpool (Midland Railway), 210 miles.â€
“Your facts are very interesting,’ said Mr. Davidson; “ but they
only.relate to a part of the tour.†‘
“T will continue,†said Henry. “I said that I have read that the
loveliest spot on earth or island on earth is Ceylon. Here is the Bo
Tree, and the ruins of the temples of Anarajapoora.
“ The most beautiful spot in Europe is said to be Lucerne. The
time to visit it is midsummer.
“ One of the most picturesque places on earth is Andalusia in
April. Columbus dreamed of it on his voyage of discovery.
“The time to visit the south of South America is in our winter,
which is their summer.
“ Montevideo is one of the healthiest ports of South America, and
may be visited at any time of the year. Buenos Ayres is also
healthy. ,
“Saritiago de Chili is healthy, and one of the most beautifully
situated cities in the world.
“ Spring in the Andes is nature in her glory, and —
“Cuzco, Peru, is the most poetic of the historic places of the
three Americas.â€
“Then,†said Mr. Davidson, “one should see Ceylon, the most
beautiful of all islands; Lucerne, the loveliest spot in Europe; Anda-
lusia in April if it were possible, Santiago de Chili in the Andes in
spring if it were possible, and Cuzco, the lofty empire of the Children
of the Sun. How about churches, temples, and buildings?â€
SOME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW. FOR A VOYAGE. 53
LAKE LUCERNE.
“We would wish to see Taj Nahal, which is the most beautiful
building in the world, but that would be out of our way. The Pearl
Mosque is in the same part of India. The three most beautiful
buildings in the world are the Taj Nahal, St. Peter’s, and the Capitol
at Washington, are they not?â€
“Tam not sure. I have heard that the Palace of Justice in Brus-
sels is the noblest of all occupied structures. I have been told that
it makes an overwhelming impression; that it has a massiveness and
grandeur that belong to no other public building. .
“T have also heard the castle and gardens of Chapultepec described
as the most beautiful place in the New World, and one of the most
54 ZIGZAG ¥OURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
picturesque on earth. The Paseo, or the street some three or more
miles in length that connects the official palace of the City of Mexico
with the Castle of Chapultepec, is the most wonderful street in the
New World. Over it have passed Montezumas, Viceroys, and Presi-
He UU =e RTM TA Feo
: hal ai ne POLO: i
ary
CHAPULTEPEC.
dents. The garden of Chapultepec has a history and traditions of a
thousand years.
“The castle looks down upon the City of Mexico —
“¢ Picturesque where all is picture.’
and the dead. volcano of Popocatapetl, gleaming with snows, looks
down upon the castle. The valley of the City of Mexico is one of
the most delightful in the world.â€
“Chapultepec Castle is not grand ‘in itself,†said Henry.
“Tt is grand in its form, history, and situation. It must: be ranked
rete
aren
POPOCATAPETL. «
SOME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW FOR A VOYAGE. 57
with Cuzco among the places on our own continent which have the
most of romance and poetry, so I am told.â€
“From my reading,†said Henry, “the following list represents the
things that I would most wish to see in all the world. They are
included in my first list in another order.
I. The Place of the Sermon on the Mount in Galilee. This sermon
governs the world.
II. The Island of Ceylon. The Buddhist or Booddhist is the largest
religious sect in the world. Without including one hundred and eighty million
followers of Brahma, the disciples of this faith number four hundred and twenty
million to four hundred and eight million Christians. Ceylon was the sacred
place of this philosophy. The Bo Tree is there. :
III. St. Peter’s in Rome. It is the heart of the Latin Church and history,
and the home of the arts.
IV. Lucerne, with the Rigi and Mount Pilatus, with its legends of William
Tell, of Liberty ; the reputed loveliest spot in all Europe. Also Zurich, Inter-
laken, and Munich and the Valhalla on the Danube.’
V. Andalusia in April, or in early summer.
VI. The Battlefield of Waterloo. ‘ Waterloo,†says Victor Hugo, “ was
not a battle; it was the change of front of the Universe.â€
VII. Westminster Abbey.
VIII. The English Lake District.
IX. Niagara.
X. The Yosemite.
XI. Santiago de Chili.
XII. Cuzco.
XIII. The Castle of Chapultepec.
“T have just added the last place to my list. And I would like
to see all mountains.â€
“And I all ports,†said Mr. Davidson. “ America has been called
‘new ports for old ships.’ We shall be likely to see the valleys with
the mountains, and the seas with the ports. It is pleasant to live
in the anticipation of a journey. It is prospects that make us happy.
I enjoy the imagination of our plan. I like the study of it.â€
58 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
In making his plans, Henry was studying geography as he had
never done before. And while he was poring over maps and books
of travel, Harold was giving his thought to those things that most
concern the welfare and progress of mankind. His study was how
to see that which would do him the most good in forming intelli-
gent and right views of human life.
“T would rather see the Mount of Olives than Galilee,†said
Harold, “for that would be to overlook the scene of the most sub-
lime events of the world.â€
“We shall see them both,†said Henry.
“Yes, but you put your thoughts on the lesser place, because
it is picturesque. There is one place that I would rather visit than
the Taj, the Alhambra, or even Lucerne or Cuzco, and that is
Zurich.â€
“ Zurich ?â€
“ Yes, and from that city go to the associations of the lives of Pesta-
lozzi and Froebel. Pestalozzi founded the public schools of the world,
and Froebel the new education of children. Pestalozzi thought that
education stands for character, and Froebel that it is the true work
of early training to form right habits. Much of our education stands
for the making of a cunning brain, to rise over others in the com-
petitions of life. The influence of Pestalozzi is worth more than
grand scenery or the tombs of kings. It is destined to fill the world.
To see the place where he taught orphan boys, gave up his property
to an idea, and died amid ridicule and poverty, would be to meet a
history that would do one good. That would be to see something
that has power.
“ Next to the homes and haunts of Pestalozzi and Froebel, I would
rather see the great English school at Santiago de Chili. That
stands for education in South America. I would next like to see
the public schools in Mexico. They stand for a new world.
“You have omitted the Midnight Sun. I would like to see that.
SOME USEFUL THINGS TO KNOW FOR A VOYAGE. 59
But I would rather study the great emigration from the Northern
lands to the Argentine Republic and. the forests of Washington and
Oregon and British Columbia.â€
THE TOWN-HALL, ZURICH.
Mr. Davidson joined his sons and listened with interest at the
discussion of what would be most useful to see on a voyage around
the world.
He added, —
“ That is the best which will best influence life. Those who travel
to see what is mean can find it; so with those that go to see the
beautiful, and the beautiful usually represents the good, for it is the
60 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
nature of what is good to be beautiful. I, like Harold, would like to
go to Zurich, or to Thuringia, for it was there that the great ideas
were born that inspired American forms of education. Pestalozzi
and Froebel represent, not only the greatest, but the best influences
in the world. It is a spiritual education to see the places of the men
who have most powerfully influenced the world for good.â€
CHAPTER IIL.
NICARAGUA. — CHICAGO. — THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, —
THE YOSEMITE. — THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA.
AUR travellers left New York in June and went to Salt
} Lake City by way of Niagara Falls and Chicago.
We have described Chicago in the “ White City.â€
Niagara, of course, presented a view of the greatest
body of falling water in the world. This we have
treated in a former volume.
The wonderland of the Yellowstone! Here are the most power-
ful geysers on earth. Here the world does not yet seem finished. It
boils. Here are twenty-six geysers and four hundred and fourteen
boiling springs. We have given a view of them in another book.
They visited the Giant and the Giantess and Old Faithful, and
beheld with amazement water leaping into the air to the height of two
hundred and fifty feet! But even more sublime than this boiling
earth was the Grand Cajion of the Yellowstone. The Cataract of the
Cafion awed them, even though they had just left the war, the
thunder, and the mist clouds of Niagara.
Says a railroad book called “ Wonderland†of this majestic wall
and waterfall : —
“To say that its cataract — no mere silver ribbon of spray, but a
‘all of great volume —is a little more than twice the height of
Niagara, would, by means of a familiar comparison, enable almost any
one to form a not altogether inadequate conception of its grandeur.
62 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
But for the matchless adornment of its walls, we have no available
comparison ; naught but itself can be its parallel.
describes it as being hung with rainbows, like glorious banners.
A CASCADE IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK.
One recent visitor
An-
other, borrowing from Mr. Rus-
kin, likens it to a great cathedral,
with painted windows, and full
of treasures of illuminated manu-
script. But, as we take our stand
on the brink of the Falls, with
twelve miles of sculptured rock
spread out before us, rising from
fifteen hundred to two thousand
feet in height, and all aflame
with glowing colour, we have to
acknowledge, with a distinguished
writer and a no less celebrated
artist, that, neither by the most
cunningly wrought fabric of lan-
guage nor the most skilful mani-
pulation of colour, is it possible to
create in the mind a conception
answering to this sublime reality,
For countless ages, frost and
snow, heat and vapour, lightning
and rain, torrent and glacier, have
wrought upon that mysterious
rock, evolving from its iron, its
sulphur, its arsenic, its lava, and
its lime the glorious apparel in
which it stands arrayed. And
the wondrous fabrication is still going on. The bewildered traveller
would scarcely be surprised to see the gorgeous spectacle fade from
ICELAND. 6 a
his vision like a dream; but its texture is continually being renewed :
the giant forces are ever at work; still, like the earth-spirit in Faust,
still do they —
“¢ Sit at the busy loom of time and ply,
Weaving for God the garment thou seest Him by.’â€
The hot springs of Iceland are similar to those of the Yellowstone
Park, but are less powerful. A traveller says of them: —
“ They are about one hundred in number, and cover a section in the
south-western division of the island.
These springs are intermittent,
sending out fountains and jets of
boiling water, the vapours filling the
atmosphere around, and forming
billowy clouds, which may be seen
from among the mountains miles
away.
“ The principal of these boiling
fountains is called the Great Geyser.
When quiet, this tempestuous cal-
dron presents the appearance of a
circular mound, some forty feet in
height, with a diameter of from
fifty to sixty feet. In the centre
of this mound is a well ten feet in
diameter, and about eighty feet
deep. This well is filled with water,
except immediately after an erup-
tion, by which it is left partly empty.
At intervals of an hour and a half,
a rumbling noise like thunder is
heard under ground, and the water
heaves up, overflowing the mound.
ICELANDIC GEYSER.
64 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
“The great eruptions of this Geyser, which take place at intervals
of about thirty hours, present a magnificent spectacle to the eye.
The coming of an eruption is announced by a rumbling sound, like
distant thunder, and by loud explosions, similar to the firing of cannon
under ground. The whole mass of water then rises into a column,
VIEW IN ICELAND.
to the height of from one hundred to two hundred feet, jet following
jet, while great clouds of vapour envelop the liquid streams in dense
masses, and, rolling away in airy mists, mingle with the sky.
“ The Icelanders make practical use of the Jesser springs. They
cook their food by the heat of the steam, they wash their clothes in
the boiling water, and perform their own ablutions in the delightful
vapour baths which some of the low fountains afford.â€
THE VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 65
COLUMNS OF RED SANDSTONE.
The Yellowstone National Park region contains an area of some
three thousand six hundred and seventy-five square miles,.and is
shadowed by mountains ten thousand and twelve thousand feet high.
It presents a view of more natural wonders than any like area in the
world. To cook one’s meals on terraces overflowing with water
heated in the mysterious caverns of the earth, is one of the strangest
and most suggestive experiences that one can meet. The Park
has never been adequately explored, but the government roads’ are
excellent.
They went to San Francisco and the Yosemite, both of which
places we have noticed in a former volume. They embarked from
San Francisco for Australia by the way of Honolulu, Harold taking
a second-class passage, on one of the grand Pacific steamers. It isa
week’s sail to Hawaii. The sea was calm, but freshened at times by —
a pleasant breeze.
66
ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS AROUND THE WORLD.
Honolulu is a very delightful city, with electric lights and some
fifteen miles of street railways. Good board at hotels was offered
at from two and a half to three and a half dollars per day.
t
KILAUEA.
Henry and his father prepared
to make a journey to thefamous vol-
cano Kilauea, the expense of which
from Honolulu is about fifty dol-
lars. Harold took “ apartments "in
the city, and visited the tropical
country, which is free from smaller
and dangerous animals. By tak-
ing “apartments,†which means a
single sleeping-room, with parlour
privileges, in travelling, and provid-
ing for one’s meals at restau-
rants, one may live respectably and
wholesomely in most cities on a
dollar per day.
“T am not going to live
meanly,†said Harold, “ but like the
honest working-people wherever
I go.â€
He found respectable living
at this rate in Chicago, Salt Lake
City, San Francisco, and in Hon-
olulu. At this last place, he went
to the United States Consul for
directions. In Chicago and San
Francisco he sought out in the
directory the names of ministers, and went to parsonages for di-
rections. -
“TI am not a sectarian,†he said, “but the denominations represent
honest working-folk, and I am travelling to see the people.â€
THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA. 67
The Sandwich Islands, or, as we commonly call them, Hawaii is
the half-way house between California and Japan. They lie in the
seas of the sun —they are a part of the sun-bright world.
Their lofty peaks are a scene never to be forgotten as viewed from
a distance in the calm ocean. The islands are twelve in number, of
which Hawaii is one of the most important. They are rich in vege-
VIEW OF SANDWICH ISLANDS.
tation, — palms, oranges, mangoes, bananas, bread-fruits and umbrella
trees, with a soft green turf.
They are volcanic, and the crater of Kilauea is one of the won-
ders of the world. It is nine miles in circumference. A traveller
thus described it : —
“Very few persons have made the ascent of Mouna Loa, but to
those who have reached its summit is revealed a vision of wonder and
68 ZIGZAG ¥OURNEYVS AROUND THE WORLD.
WAVES OF FIRE.
grandeur which has no parallel in the world. This magnificent snow-
covered dome, whose base is sixty miles in diameter, is crowned by
a ghastly volcanic table-land, creviced, riven, and ashy, twenty-four
miles in circumference. Across this, the traveller makes his way
over strange masses of lava, across chasms and around ledges to the
edge of ‘the summit crater, a region of inaccessible blackness and
horror, six miles in circumference, and more than eight hundred feet
in depth. At times, this crater is inactive for weeks, and then breaks
out with fire and lava-streams, and clouds of black smoke trailing
out thirty miles over the sea.
“At a height of four thousand feet upon the side of the great
CRATER OF KILAUEA.
THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA. 71
mountain is the crater of Kilauea, a comparatively easy ascent of
thirty miles from Hilo. This crater has the effect of a great pit in
a rolling plain, and the traveller approaching finds himself unawares
upon its very brink, just as he is beginning to doubt if he shall ever
reach it. Kilauea is nine miles in circumference, and its lowest area
covers six square miles. The depth of the crater varies from eight
hundred to eleven hundred feet in different years, according as the
molten sea below is at ebb or flood. Signs of volcanic activity exist
all through it and for some distance around its margin, in the form
of steam-cracks, jets of sulphurous vapour, blowing cones, and deposits
of sulphur, and the pit is constantly rent and shaken by earthquakes.
But in a lake in the southern part of the crater, the most marvellous
phenomena are constantly visible. To reach this lake, three miles
within the actual crater, the traveller must descend the terminal wall,
which is very precipitous, and then a second slope, thickly covered
with flowering plants and ferns of great beauty, and then a third
of rough blocks and ridges of broken lava, and so arrive at the lowest
level of the crater, presenting from above the appearance of a sea at
rest, but found to be an expanse of waves and convolutions of ashy-
coloured lava, with huge cracks filled up with black iridescent rolls
that were molten stone but a few weeks earlier. Parts are very rough
and ridgy, but most of the area presents the appearance of monstrous
coiled hawsers, the ropy formation of the lava rendering the illusion
almost perfect. All this is riven by cracks emitting hot sulphurous
vapour. Beyond, comes a ridge of Java, like the rim of a bowl, four
hundred feet high, most difficult of ascent; and then the fiery lake
lies revealed. It is perhaps five hundred feet wide at its narrowest
part, and half a mile at its broadest, with craggy sides of lava. To
describe it seems impossible; the prominent object is fire in motion,
but its surface continually skims over with a cool crust of a lustrous
grayish-white, like frosted silver broken by jagged cracks of bright
rose-colour. The movement is from the sides towards the centre, but
72 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE. WORLD.
Pee
the central movement seems distinct, and always directs itself towards
the south. All around the edge of the lake play fountains of fire,
leaping, dancing, whirling together, merging into one glowing mass,
LAVA BEDS.
which upheaves itself pyramidally,
then disappears with a tremendous
plunge, to form anew and again
disappear.
“At times two huge waves, rising
from opposite sides, move slowly
towards each other, gaining in
height as they advance. Rearing
their crests twenty feet above the
level of the lake, they meet. The
sound and shock is indescribable.
They form a whirling pyramid of
fire sixty feet high, scattering fiery
spray in every direction, then sink
and disappear, and the grayish-
white scum forms again over the
lake.
“One most momentous effect
of volcanic action in the Hawaiian
Islands is the flow of lava, devasta-
ting the beautiful and fertile re-
gions around the mountains. Some
of these streams have been of ex-
traordinary extent and volume,
sweeping away farms and herds of
cattle, and even villages in their course. In April, 1868, the most tre-
‘mendous outflow of lava known in Hawaiian’ history took place.
There had been earthquakes and threatenings from the volcano, and
all minds were anxious as to the event, when, without a moment’s warn-
THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA. 75
ing, the ground south of Hilo burst open with a crash and roar. A
molten river emerged through a fissure two miles long, with tremen-
dous force and volume. Four huge fountains of fire boiled up, throw-
ing lava and rocks of many tons’ weight to a height of from five hun-
dred to a thousand feet. From these great fountains flowed to the
sea a rapid stream of red lava, rolling, rushing, tumbling, like a swollen ~
river, bearing along large rocks that made the lava foam as ‘it dashed
down the precipice and through the valley into the sea, surging and
roaring throughout its length like a cataract, with a power and fury
perfectly indescribable. It was nothing less than a river of fire, from
two hundred to eight hundred feet wide and twenty deep, with a speed
varying from ten to twenty-five miles an hour.
“Thus were lost four thousand acres of valuable pasture land, and
a much larger quantity of magnificent forest.â€
Henry found in this chimney of the unknown world as wonderful
a scene on which to place the imagination as at Niagara and the Yel-
lowstone and Yosemite. Harold saw in Honolulu one of the loveliest
cities of the abodes of the emigrant races. The travellers sailed from
Honolulu to Yokohama. It was a long, uneventful voyage over a
quiet ocean plain.
CHAPTER... IV.
TALES AND AMUSEMENTS ON THE SEA.
Tue Srory or Deacon GRUBB AND ‘THE OLp Nick. —TuHE SToRY OF THE MISER
oF MARSEILLES. — CuRIOUS ENTERTAINMENTS AND PUZZLES.
acquaintances amused themselves by reading stories
aloud; and also by getting up entertainments for
the saloon .at evenet and by giving out curious
puzzles. »
As checkers was a favorite game on board, Henry
read one evening a queer old New England tale, which was famous
in Boston a generation ago. It deeply interested all the passengers,
both as a story and an oddity of past literature. It was as follows:
DEACON GRUBB AND THE OLD NICK.
IT was many years ago, somewhere about the time of the Dark Day, or
the Comet, or the Great Earthquake, or the Cold Friday, or the Old French
War, — one or the other of these distinguished epochs, which serve old crones
and gossips to fix their chronology, that there lived in the town of , in
the State of Massachusetts, a shrewd, calculating, demure old codger, known to
everybody round about as Deacon Grubb. His character will be so well un-
derstood by saying that he was a country deacon, that I shall be excused for
not delineating it at full length. Deacon Grubb cultivated a bit of a farm,
officiated as Town Clerk, drove something of a trade at auctioneering, manu-
factured wooden bowls and tin ware, and kept the only grocery shop in the
village, where he sold West India goods “ of as good quality, and on as reason-
able terms, as could be found in the place.†And of a truth, considering that
iN
Net
AN
THE GARDEN OF THE GODS.
DEACON GRUBB AND THE OLD NICK. 79
the Deacon had the monopoly of the trade, he must be allowed to have been
somewhat reasonable in his dealing, though his gallon pot had a trick of getting
jammed by accident, and his water-pail now and then overset into the rum
hogshead. By the exercise of all these occupations, by looking out for the
THE CATHEDRAL.
main chance, putting the best foot foremost, snatching at every good bone that
was offered, and sticking to the old precept — ‘‘ Get what you can, and keep
what you get,â€â€”the Deacon contrived to lay up what he called an honest
penny before he was too old to relish the possession of a comfortable round sum.
As times went on, and the Deacon was waxed in wealth, he began to cast
about for new means to increase his stores. The more he got the more greedy
he became, —a common case with many close-fisted fellows besides deacons.
80 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
Among other projects of speculation he cast his eyes upon a certain piece or
parcel of land with buildings thereon situated, belonging to Joel Wetherbrain,
an odd, incomprehensible sort of a fellow, who was never at home, but let his
lands run to waste, and his house fall to ruins. Nobody knew exactly what to
make of Joel; whether he was fool or knave, a misanthrope or an enthusiast,
religious-mad, or honestly crack-brained in the way of nature; it were difficult
to decide the point at this late day, especially as my old aunt (of whom I had
this narrative, and who was a person of high reputation for veracity, for she
never forgot a particle of a story she heard) was dubious about the matter her-
self. However, that was neither here nor there. The Deacon took it hugely
to heart that Joel's tenements should thus lie idle; and he formed a pious reso-
lution to trap Joel’s five wits in a bargain for the same, whereby if he could get
the estate a good pennyworth, he should turn it to an excellent account in the
end, and quiet his conscience by the reflection that he made fruitful one of the
waste places of the earth.
Though the Deacon had probably heard of a certain command forbidding
him to covet his neighbour's house, yet he either thought the precept inappli-
cable in the case of a house without an inhabitant, or the temptation was too
strong to be resisted. As he was one day sharking about the grounds, and
admiring the advantages of the situation, the fatness of the soil, and the solidity
of the old mansion, which, though a little shabby on the outside from neglect,
was sound and compact in frame and substance, he unexpectedly encountered
Joel, and in a sly, roundabout way contrived to have the subject touched upon.
They made a long haggling piece of work of it, and at last the Deacon con-
sented, although the situation was wretched, the land poor, and the house ready
to tumble to pieces, to give Joel about half of what it cost originally. Joel
clenched the bargain, and the Deacon went home hugging himself with the
thought of having made a great spec.
Well, now had the Deacon got his heart’s desire. He quickly set himself
to repairing the old house, and putting the fields in order; in a short time the
whole was neat and flourishing.
The Deacon removed to his new estate; the minister preached a sermon
the next. Sunday from the text, ‘‘ The hand of the diligent maketh rich,†and
everybody thought it the grandest bargain that had been made since the worthy
settlers of the town cheated the Indians out of the land, at the expense of three
cracked muskets and a pot of red paint.
But just as the Deacon had taken comfortable possession of the premises,
and Joel Wetherbrain had bidden adieu to the place, there got all at once into
circulation the most alarming reports about the estate in question. There
A DYAK OF BORNEO.
DEACON GRUBB AND THE OLD NICK. 83
PALACE OF COPAL BHOWAN.
were stories of ghosts, goblins, and demons frequenting the place for some
wonderful cause that nobody could explain. It was even said that Old Beelze-
bub himself haunted the house in the shape of a tin-ware peddler, and that
he appeared every Thanksgiving night at twelve o’clock, rattling up and down
the house, and making such a clatter and tantararra as to frighten everybody
within hearing out of their wits. The Deacon was horrified at these accounts,
the more so as he found they were universally believed. How the stories ori-
ginated, nobody could tell; every one had heard them of somebody else; but
there was nothing talked of but Deacon Grubb and the haunted house. _ It was
generally believed that Old Beelzebub had taken up his quarters there, and
that it would be difficult to rout him. The Deacon had overreached every
man in the town, and with all their respect for the talents of Old Nick, it was
thought if the Deacon and the Devil came to close quarters, they would make
a tough match of it. ce
It is easy to imagine the tribulation into which the poor man was thrown
84 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
by cogitating upon this matter.. There was no doubt the stories were true, for
this was the only manner in which Joel Wetherbrain’s neglect of the estate
could be accounted for, —a matter which he unluckily forgot to question him
about at the time of making the bargain. It was now clearly perceived why
Joel was so ready to part with it at so low a price, and the Deacon could not
avoid fretting himself into a fever, with chagrin at the thought of having been
overreached by such a crack-skull as Joel. Instead of making a great bargain,
he found he had bought a “ pig in a poke.â€
However, after having been a few weeks settled in his new residence, his
apprehensions began to subside. He took care to nail a horse-shoe upon his
barn door, and another upon the gate in front of the house, and trusting in
these sovereign precautions against witchcraft and dadlerie of all colours, he
made. himself tolerably easy, thinking his muniments sufficiently strong to defy
Beelzebub and all his tricks; but he soon found out the Devil is not so easily
got rid of — the more is the pity.
One Saturday evening, after the Deacon had shut up his shop, and de-
spatched those little items of business in the grocery line which are most con-
veniently done with closed doors, he sat down alone in his chimney corner to
enjoy a comfortable pipe of tobacco. He continued a long while puffing and
cogitating, but whether his thoughts were occupied with the spiritual concerns
of the coming day, or were wrapt up in calculations on the profits of the past
one, it becomes me not to judge; my old aunt had her opinion upon this
point, but I could never get it out of her.
It had got to be near midnight, and there was not a soul stirring. A dead
silence reigned throughout the mansion, broken by nothing save the ticking
of a death watch and a subdued pianissimo sort of grunt which accompanied
every puff of smoke from the Deacon’s lips. The candle had burnt down
to the socket, and began to flicker a fitful and uncertain light, and the Deacon
was in the midst of a profound reverie, with his eye fixed upon the lower end
of a pot-hook which hung down the chimney.
All at once he was startled by a strange noise. He looked round, — the
room was full of smoke from his tobacco pipe, and the candle in the act of
expiring; a sudden fear crept over him, as he thought of the stories concern-
ing the house. But there was nothing to be seen. In a few seconds he heard
the same noise still louder, and now it seemed to come from the chimney. He
poked his head up the chimney and listened, but all wasstill. “It can bé noth-
ing,†said he-to himself, “ but the wind roaring over the top of the chimney.†|
He sat down again, put another candle in the candlestick, took up a coal
with the tongs, and was blowing it, when he heard the same noise come down
Pinal s
cen
MS 1 eS eit
oce oa SP | 300 Hee
S etl
PAGODA NEAR KUTTACK.
DEACON GRUBB AND THE OLD NICK. 87
the: chimney again, and presently a hollow, strange-sounding voice. In sur-
prise and astonishment he looked up and espied a couple of dim, wavering
lights at the top of the chimney; but whether they were a pair of fixed stars, or
the twinklers of an enormous cat, he could not tell. Presently they grew larger,
and at length turned whitish and ghastly, like a pair of peeled onions or a
couple of eggs in a soap-dish. ‘‘ Mercy on my sins!†exclaimed he, “ what
can this mean?†He had no time to answer his own question, for immediately -
there came a voice down the chimney, which sounded like a Dutchman bawling
through a speaking-trumpet: ‘‘ Deacon! Deacon!†— ‘‘ What in Heaven’s name
do you want of me?†—“ Deacon, have you watered the rum ?†— ‘“‘ Y-e-e-e-es,â€
was the slow and most unwilling reply. ‘‘ Have you sanded the brown
sugar?†— “ Ye-e-es.’— “Said your prayers?†— “ Yes.†—‘‘Then set me a
chair.â€
The Deacon knew not what to make of the ceremony of his new guest who
thus honoured him with a visit by pitching head foremost down his chimney;
but knowing that some gentlemen of fashion are singular in their tastes, and
wisely conjecturing that the Old Nick might have his whims as well as the rest
of them, he determined to humour him. So setting an arm-chair by the fire-
place, and answering that all was ready, down came the mysterious visitor slap
into the fireplace, overturning, as he landed, a tea-kettle, a coffee-pot, and a
pan of stewed apples. The Deacon wished him joy of his safe descent, and
expressed an apprehension that he had burnt his knuckles in the hot ashes;
but his guest replied very civilly that he might be easy on that score, for he
had a hand in such matters too often to mind a little scorching. Then brush-
ing the ashes and soot from his knees and elbows, he sat down in the chair,
crossed his legs, gave a long deep-drawn sniff, probably to ascertain whether
there was any of his favourite perfume of brimstone to be smelt, turned up the
whites of his enormous eyes, and gave the Deacon a most ominous and inquisi-
tive scowl, which the Deacon returned by inviting him to smoke a pipe of
tobacco. The man of the chimney replied that tobacco did not agree with him
—he would smoke a bunch of matches or a roll of brimstone if the time
allowed; but as his stay must be short this night, he would not trouble the
Deacon to fetch the tinderbox.
“Then you come upon business ?†replied the Deacon. ‘“ You are right,â€
said the other. ‘Then proceed to the matter, if you please.†— “ Not till twelve
o'clock,†said the man of brimstone, — “not till midnight; and it wants ten
minutes of the hour,†casting at the same time a look at the Deacon’s wooden
clock, which he had bought of a Connecticut peddler, and paid for in damaged
Bohea tea. “Oh, ah,†said the Deacon, “if that time does not suit you, I can
88 . ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE, WORLD.
alter it.’ So, going to the clock, and moving forward the minute hand, “T have
taken.the liberty sometimes,†continued he, ‘to put back the time on Saturday
night, when there.was danger of my business crowding over into Sunday, and
now I can make up for what has been lost by putting it forward. See there,â€
said he, as the hands of the clock pointed to twelve, “it is now midnight; let
me know your business. I hate to encroach upon the Sabbath but would not
turn away a customer.†At this the gentleman, giving a tremendous grin,
exclaimed, ‘‘ Deacon, they have always said you beat the Devil for tricks, and
‘I begin to fear it may turn out so. The truth is, ] have come to. give you a
try.†—‘“ At your service, friend Beelzebub,†said the Deacon. “ But I don’t
understand you.’ — ‘‘Why, Deacon, you must know that this house and this
estate are: mine.’ —“ Yours! no such thing!†—‘ Yes, they fell:to me from
their ancient owner, Hector Morterhead, a famous player at checkers, who being
engaged once. at: play, and told’ he would lose, exclaimed in passion, ‘ The
Devil fetch me and all I own if I do not beat.’ He lost the game, and I
have haunted: this house’ ever since.†—‘“Umph!†ejaculated the Deacon.
“ Now, Deacon,†continued he, “every man who attempts to occupy this spot,
must play a game of checkers with me; if he wins the game, he may remain in
peaceable possession; I have beat every one so far; it is now your turn to try.â€
This: was the strangest proposal that the Deacon had ever heard of for
deciding a litigated point as to the possession of real estate; but as there was
no remedy, he submitted, and producing his checker-board, they sat down to
the trial. The Deacon was celebrated for his knowledge of the game, and
would have puzzled his adversary had he been any other than what he was;
but he soon found that he must lose. “It is almost broad day,†said he. “I
really cannot play on Sunday; let us put off the rest of the game till another
time!’ — “JT am willing,†replied his opponent, “ to grant any reasonable accom-
modation, especially to gentlemen of your degree. Everybody will grant that
' deacons are long-lived, —I wait a long time for them. I allow you a delay
this once. Next Saturday night I will call again, when the game must be
finished.†So saying, he vanished up the chimney.
I suppose my readers will imagine that the Deacon’s sole object in putting
off the game was to delay the completion of it as long as he could. Not so,
he only wanted ‘an opportunity of getting ready a trick against his adversary,
which came into his head just as he was upon the point of giving up the game.
He bethought himself of one of his-old tricks, by which he used to play the
game slyly of aSunday. “It will do his business for him,†said the Deacon,
exultingly, “for although fire will not burn his fingers, something else will.â€
‘The visitor came according to appointment the next Saturday night, and
MEXICAN MEDICINE-MAN.
DEACON GRUBB AND THE OLD NICK. gI
sat down to play without taking notice that the board was different from that
used on the first night. The first move he made, his hand was seized with a
trembling; at the next move he lost his king, and at the third all hope of
achieving his promised victory had vanished; and at every step his affairs grew
more desperate, and finally at the seventh move the Deacon had won the game.
The man of brimstone sprang from his seat in a passion, and overturned
the checker-board with a single blow of his fist —when lo! it appeared he had -
been playing upon the covers of the Deacon’s great Bible! In an instant he
went off in a whiz up the chimney, and neither he nor any of his imps ever
dared to try their tricks with the Deacon afterwards.
Another story which Henry read was of a different character. It
was old, and of unknown authorship. It touched the hearts of all.
The passengers often referred to it afterwards. It was —
THE MISER OF MARSEILLES.
MARSEILLES is a city of fountains, and has a fine aqueduct, almost entirely
subterranean, by which pure water is brought from the little rivers Huveaume
and Jiivet. But this was not always the case.
Once upon a time —I know not the exact date —there dwelt at Marseilles
a man named Guyot, with his wife andoneson. They were but humble people,
and at the time my narrative begins, the child lay sick of a fever, his tongue
cleaving to the roof of his mouth, and his little hot hand pressed to the still
hotter forehead, while he constantly asked, in a plaintive tone, for a draught of
water.
“Alas! my child,†said Madame Guyot, in reply to his moaning, “ you
know I have told you already the cistern is empty. Not a drop of water have
I in the house, and I fear all our neighbours are as badly off as ourselves. See,
take this milk; it is all I can give you.â€
“ But, mother, it is not like water,†replied the boy; “it makes me more
thirsty, and chokes me, it seems so thick; while water is so cold, and refreshes
me for a long time. If it would but rain, for I am burning! Oh, if I were
rich I would care little for the finest wines, if I had but plenty of fresh, pure,
cold water.â€
Madame Guyot strove to pacify the young sufferer; and having succeeded
in partially relieving his cravings by means of a draught of water, which a kind
neighbour, scarcely better off than herself, sent by the hand of her little daugh-
ter, he at length slept.
92 ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS AROUND THE. WORLD.
Seven years later, and the fever-stricken boy had grown into a fine,
thoughtful youth of sixteen. No longer dependent on his parents, the young
Jacques Guyot cheerfully performed his part in gaining a living.
One evening, after his return from work, as Madame Guyot was busily
engaged in placing the evening meal on the table, she said to her son,
‘Jacques, you must be content with less than your usual quantity of water
to-night, for again the cistern is nearly dry.â€
“JT am sorry for that, mother,†replied Jacques; “but though we have
often since been very scarce of water, at least we have never wanted it so badly
as when I had the fever.â€
“Oh, Jacques, can you ever forget that?â€
“Never. No day passes, but the torture I suffered then for a draught of
water comes into my mind; and I envy no man his wealth in anything save
his more abundant supply of that one good gift. Is there no way of relieving
this want, by which the poor of Marseilles suffer so much and so often?â€
“Tt is just because the poor are those who suffer, that they must continue
to do so; wealth might remedy the evil,†answered his father.
“ How so?†asked Jacques.
» “Easily enough. Only let an aqueduct be constructed, to bring pure
water from a distant river.â€
“ And what would that cost, think you?†:
“More money than you can count,†replied the elder Guyot; “so let us
to our supper before it is as cold as the water you are always dreaming about.â€
The meal over, Jacques wandered in the garden, thoughtful and silent, but
not unnoticed by his parents. They talked about the extraordinary manner
in which his mind dwelt on the one night of suffering from thirst so long
gone by. —
“It is strange,†said Madame Guyot, “ how the lad is always thinking of it.
I quite feared to tell him how little water we have left to-night, for it seems to
grieve and trouble him so much; not for ourselves alone, but lest some unfor-
tunate should have to bear sufferings like those he experienced seven years
ago.†a ae
“Well,†replied the father, “even that is not the chief object of his
anxiety.â€
“Why, surely he does not fancy himself in love yet!†said Madame
Guyot, in an accent of alarm. “Our neighbour's daughter, Madeline, casts
sheep’s eyes at him, I know, young ashe is; and Jacques often tells her how like
a little angel she seemed to him when her mother made her the bearer of that
draught of water. But it is doubtless only nonsense, for he is still a boy, and
she a full year younger.â€
AN UNPLEASANT NEIGHBOUR.
‘THE MISER OF MARSEILLES. 95
“T was not thinking of Madeline, wife,†replied Monsieur Guyot: “in my
opinion, Jacques loves something else better than all the little damsels in the
world, —I mean money. He is always hoarding every sou he can collect, and
trying, by all sorts of extra services, to earn more than his daily wages; and
I almost fear our son will turn miser, since he spends nothing he can avoid.â€
“Oh, if that be.the case, he is doubtless thinking of some girl, and trying
to save against the time when he is old enough to marry; but he is a good
youth,†added Madame Guyot, brushing a tear from her eye at the thought of
having a rival in the love of her only child. —
The return of Jacques here stopped the conversation. Hours after his par-
ents were at rest, the youth sat by the lattice in his little chamber. Little knew
the parents of Jacques by what strong feelings he was actuated, though both
were in part right, —the father when speaking of his almost miserly habits,
the mother in believing that her son loved Madeline.
The youth possessed one of those thoughtful natures which become old
too soon; and those who wonder at love in a boy of sixteen, must remember
that in Southern France the blood runs warmer than in our country.
It was indeed wonderful how he always thought of Madeline in connection
with that night of feverish agony, — how like a ministering angel the child had
seemed in his eyes when she tripped lightly in with the cooling draught to
satisfy his longing. The cup of cold water had worked with a marvellous
charm, and the youth regarded the girl with a feeling akin to worship. In the
eyes of others, she was just a bright-eyed, laughing thing, somewhat wilful and
capricious at times, as girls are apt to be; but to poor Jacques, she was a being
of heavenly beauty.
The recent scarcity of water had again brought the old scene most vividly
to his mind, and you might have seen by the moonlight how pale and agitated
was his face. After a long silence, he rose, and, taking from a secret place a
sum of money, large for him to possess, he slowly counted it, and then, gazing
on his treasure, said softly, —
“Tt might be done in a long lifetime; but, O Madeline! Madeline!â€
Then, with tears streaming down his cheeks, he flung himself on his knees to
pray. Poor Jacques, he prayed with such earnest, simple faith that he rose
tranquil, and, seeking his couch, soon fell into a sound sleep.
Three more years went by, still Jacques continually added to his store.
So scrupulous was he in denying himself every superfluity that the neighbours
whispered how the young Guyot had become a miser. Some did more
than whisper, they spoke openly to his mother respecting this peculiarity in
her son.
96 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND ‘THE WORLD.
Madame Guyot looked very sagacious, and gave mysterious hints about
the virtue of sparing on one’s self, to spend on another,
Let love be the presumed cause of a'man’s .actions, and a woman will
hardly ever deem him in the wrong, however extravagant they may be. So
it was with the gossips; and from that time, many a sly joke was levelled at
Madeline, till the little damsel’s head was almost turned with thinking of the
— of course much magnified — riches which were hoarded by her admirer for
her to spend some day.
She felt that she was beloved, for it-is not hard to divine wien one is the
dearest of all earthly objects to a pure and honest heart; but, in spite of her
convictions in this respect, the conduct of Jacques was a sad puzzle to her.
‘‘He is never so happy.as when by my side,†she would often say to her
mother, — ‘ that any one may See but Ido not think he cares to gain me for
a wife.â€
The mother would bid her be patient, and all would in time turn out well;
but Madeline thought there should be some limit to the expected patience, so
she would pout her cherry, lips, and give Jacques short answers.
Still, though she evidently succeeded in giving him pain, he seemed as far
from declaring his sentiments as ever.
The crisis, however, came at last. Madeline had a Cousin Marie, who was
not only a near neighbour, but also a sort of rival beauty. There had been no
slight jealousy between the girls on the subjects of love and martiage; but
Marie had at last triumphed, and, the day for her own wedding being fixed,
she openly twitted Madeline about her laggard lover.
This was a sad blow to the vanity of the young girl.
The wedding-day came, and she, of course, was one of the guests, together
with Jacques; and the girl, bent on punishing her tardy admirer, coquetted
with others by his very side. But she did not stop at coquetry only. The
brother of the bridegroom, a gay and handsome fellow, now at Marseilles for
the first time, was smitten with her charms, and after the wedding found or
made many excuses for visiting her.
Jacques, it seemed, would not be piqued into submission, and she was not
inclined either for a spinster’s life, or a longer silent wooing; so, after some
hesitation on the part of her parents, who still leaned to their young neighbour,
Madeline was betrothed to the stranger.
When the marriage day came, Jacques remained shut up in’ his little
chamber. Neither food nor drink passed his lips; but could he have been
seen by any one, a mighty mental conflict would have been revealed to the
watcher. _It was the last great conflict with human passion. The last bar. to
his devoting himself to one great object was removed.
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THE MISER OF MARSEILLES. . 99
The gossips who had aforetime interested themselves so liberally in the
affairs of Jacques once more twitted Madame Guyot, saying it plainly was not
love that made her son such a miser in his habits; but she answered them,
more proudly than ever, that Jacques would now look higher for a wife.
So, first one great lady and then another was said to be the fair object for
whom our hero cherished a secret passion, and whom he was trying to equal in
’ wealth. But though Madame Guyot fostered the idea, she, poor soul, knew
better; for only a few days after the marriage of his ove love, Jacques had
begged her, in a broken voice, to find out whether the little vessel in which
Madeline had borne the precious draught of water to his bedside, a dozen long
years ago, were still in existence. -
“Oh, my son,†said Madame Guyot, “since you did so love Madeline, why -
did you let her go? She would not now be the wife of a stranger, if you had
asked her for yourself.â€
“ Better as it is, mother,†replied Jacques, though his lip quivered while he
spoke, and he again begged his mother to procure what he had mentioned, at
any cost.
Madame Guyot’s mission proved successful, though the mother of Made-
line marvelled greatly at the request; and both the worthy matrons agreed that
the conduct of Jacques was a problem beyond their power to solve. Eagerly °
was the little vessel seized by him, and, after bestowing many grateful thanks
on his mother, he conveyed it to his own little room.
Could the thing of clay have spoken, it might have told how, when others
slept, Jacques spent many an hour in sighs, and even tears. Ay, for every
drop of water it had once held, the strong man paid in tears a thousandfold.
Years sped on, and the father and mother of Jacques passed from the
earth. The young man had been called a miser, even during their lifetime,
but now, indeed, he merited the title.
Ever craving for money, he added to his store by the strictest parsimony.
His clothes were patched by himself again and again, till no traces of the
original stuff remained. Generally his feet were bare, and even when he wore
any covering on them, it consisted of old shoes which had been cast away as
worthless, and picked up by him in his solitary wanderings through the town.
His food was of the coarsest description, and taken simply to sustain life.
He no longer occupied the dwelling in which his early days had been spent;
his present home was an old and roomy house, built with a degree of strength
which defied any attempt at entrance unsanctioned by the will of its occupant,
at least, without a degree of force being used which would inevitably have led
to discovery.
100 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
Here, then, dwelt Jacques Guyot quite alone. But far worse than. alone
was he when absent from his house; for the evil repute in which he was held
was such that as he walked the little children ran shouting after him, —
“There goes Guyot. See the wretched miser, howthin he is! He grudges
himself food to make himself fat, and clothes to cover his lean old body,â€
Then the mischievous urchins would cast stones at Jacques, and load him
with insults, unchecked by their parents.
But even this was not the worst. One day he met a friend, or at least he
had been such in youth, and whom he had not seen for many a long year. For ©
the moment, Jacques forgot his rags and his isolation, — it was so long since a
kindly word had been bestowed on him, and oh, how he yearned to win it.
Eagerly he advanced, with an indescribable gleam of joy lighting his
pinched features; but his former comrade shrank back, holding up his hands,
as if to forbid his nearer approach, saying, as he did so,— ‘I will not hold
communion with a thing like you. Did you not love your money better than
her who ought to be your wife? But you suffered a stranger to carry her away,
and now the accursed thing is dearer to you than yourself, though you have
neither child nor kin to whom to leave it. Away! touch me not!â€
Another trial came still later, and it was the hardest of all. A portly dame,
elderly, but still fresh and comely-looking, and with a fair daughter by her
side, passed leisurely along the streets of Marseilles. They seemed to be new
arrivals; but the elder one was evidently no stranger, for she pointed out to
her daughter various changes which had been made of late.
Jacques Guyot looked earnestly at the girl, for her features brought vividly
to his mind those of the object of his one love-dream; and as he came near, he
heard her mother call her Madeline. Another glance, and he Eecopnised the
elder female as zhe Madeline of his youth.
Though so many years had gone over his head, his pale face was in a
moment flushed.
Again he forgot the curses and the stones daily showered around him; the
vision of the bright-eyed child, with the little treasured pitcher in her hand, was.
before him, and he too was for an instant young; but for how brief an instant!
Madeline, even in her distant home, had heard of the miser Guyot, who
heaped up wealth, though with none to share it, and denied even the smallest
_ aid to the miserable, though surrounded with gold. Even at that moment, too,
she heard the taunts of the passers-by; so, gathering her skirts closely around
her, as though his very touch would poison, she swept by with such a look
of scorn as rooted the miser to the spot, and pees back the sense of his
loneliness more terribly than ever.
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_ THE MISER OF MARSEILLES. 103
Though no inhabitant of Marseilles ever entered the miser’s dwelling dur-
ing his life, yet I am able to tell how he spent his time there. I know he never
entered his silent, comfortless home without feeling that his heart would leap
with joy to hear a friendly voice, or if he might be permitted to clasp a child
to his bosom.
I know that, in spite of insults, reproaches, and taunts, his heart teemed with
loving-kindness to his fellow-creatures, and often when suffering from them, he
would even smile, and murmur, “It is because they know me not; for one day
these curses will be turned to blessings.â€
Ay, and that, when seated on his hard bench, to take the food needful to
prolong his life until the object should be accomplished for which he had given
up all that could tend to its enjoyment, he prayed for a blessing on his coarse
fare; and I know, too, that after each more biting proof of scorn from those
around him, he asked from the same Almighty Source strength to “endure to
the end.â€
A very old man was Jacques Guyot when the end came; but he metit with
joy, for he had lived long enough to finish his self-imposed task. Stretched
upon his wretched pallet, he smiled, and talked to himself.
“ Ah, Jacques,†said he, ‘‘ they will never more call thee accursed. The
last stone has been cast at thy worthless carcass.â€
But, oh, what joy to think the miser had not lived in vain! One hour
after, and the miser lay dead
As soon as he was missed from his daily haunts, the propriety of examin-
ing his dwelling suggested itself to the townspeople; for there were many
who would not touch him while living who would gladly have acted as his
executors.
The authorities of the town took possession of a sealed paper which
Jacques, ere he lay down to die, had placed in a conspicuous position. It was
his will, duly executed, and contained these words: —
“Having observed from my youth that the poor of Marseilles are ill sup-
plied with water, which can be procured for them only at a great cost, I have
cheerfully laboured all my life to gain them this great blessing, and I bequeath
all I possess to be spent in building an aqueduct for their use.â€
Jacques had told the truth. The curses had turned into blessings, and his
death made a city full of self-reproaching mourners. Many a man has won the
name of hero by one gallant deed; but he who made a conquest of a city by
the continued heroism of a long life, methinks deserves the name indeed.
And thus I have told you to whom the inhabitants of Marseilles owe their
aqueduct.
104 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
Among the puzzles that amused for a time the passengers was
the folding of a paper in such a way as to produce a five-cornered
star, with “one clip of the scissors.†When Betsy Ross, of Philadel-
phia, was asked by Washington to make a national flag, she showed
him a model with six-cornered stars. The General objected to this
star, as it had been used by oppressors. “A five-cornered star,†he
said. She folded a piece of paper, or cloth, and cut it once, and said,
“ Well, here it is, with ome cltp of the scessors.†How did she do it?
THE TALKING DOLL.
BisHop Puitiips Brooks, of Boston, like Charles Dickens, de-
lighted to join in holiday amusements with children. It is very pleas-
ant to hear Sunday-school teachers of Doctor Brooks’s old parish,
Trinity, recall these diversions, and picture the generous, warm-hearted
manner in which the rector entered into them.
Phillips Brooks loved children, and his Easter gifts to them, and
the words with which he gave them, will live long in the memory of
the people of the parish.
Bishop Brooks not only loved to make children happy, and to
enter into the April atmospheres of young life, renewing his own youth
amid such hopeful and inspiring influences, but he liked merry games,
like “ Marching around Jerusalem,â€â€” games in which the happy-
heartedness was contagious and universal.
One’ of my friends was for years a leader in these parish sports
and games. He has told me of one diversion, known as “ The Talk-
ing Doll,†that may be new to people out of Boston. It used to
greatly interest the rector, as it was an unfailing source of wonder and
mirth. I will not describe it exactly as it used to be given at those
merrymakings, but will show how it might be produced in a very
simple manner. |
The talking doll in the amusements that we have mentioned,
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THE ROMSDAL.
THE TALKING DOLL. 107
acted rather than talked. It bowed and nodded. It bent its head
for “ yes,†and shook its head for “no,†in response to questions. It
made faces; it smiled, frowned, and opened its eyes as with joy, and
shut them as in sorrow.
It could tell fortunes in response to.questions, and express in its
features the happy intents and awful meanings of fate. The questions
asked it were usually comical, and the responses were irresistibly
funny.
The queerest mystery of the merry meetings used sometimes to
be this same talking doll. How could a real doll be so intelligent?
The solution was very simple,— the doll was made on the hand and
arm of a young woman. ;
The latter rested in a covered box close to a table, and stretched
up her doll-dressed hand and arm through the cover.. The move-
ments of her fingers inside of the small oracle would cause many
curious expressions on the painted face.
The doll can be made to talk as well as to act. In figure it must
be a girl, with a long dress, so as to prevent its connection with the
box being seen. The side of the box next to the table and table-
cover may be open, as it could not be seen, and the doll be quite a
tall little girl, bending at the elbow as if bowing from the hips.
The doll will act from the cover of the box, and the cover should
be carpeted or overhung with a cloth. A tube extending from the
mouth of the person concealed in the box to the head of the talking
doll would cause the doll to seem to speak when desired. When
flexible motions without words are required of the doll, the tube can
be withdrawn.
Or a person may lie down under a table, and the doll’s dress may
be made to cover his head, which may protrude from under the table.
This amusement caused a pleasant surprise in the saloon.
108 . ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
THE ORANGE MILL.
Tuey also had the orange mill. To make an orange mill: Cut
the top from a large navel, or seedless, orange, and press into the
orange through this pared-off end three cubes of lump sugar. Serve
within an hour, giving to each guest such an orange. You will say:
“This is an orange mill. Press it gently, and you will hear it
grind. It will produce nectar. Try it, and sip the nectar whenever,
or as often as, any one says a bright thing!â€
A gentle pressure will cause the blocks of sugar to rub against -
each other, and a rich juice to rise to the top, which is to be drunk
from the orange. An orangeade is thus produced, of a very delightful
quality and flavour.
The mill is a surprise. It seems to be inexhaustible. At every
pressure for a long time the golden liquid rises. The acid slowly
dissolves the lumps of sugar, which are the mill wheels; and as this
kind of orange is exceedingly juicy, one is led to wonder if there be
some magic source of supply.
After the secret is out, the guests may prepare their own oranges.
If the sugared juice be poured out into a glass, and water be added,
a very fine orangeade is made, which some would prefer to the pure
juice.
The sea was calm, the people happy, and many of the passengers ~
had inventions like the above to help the time to pass agreeably and
socially.
wT
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SCENE IN JAPAN.
CHAPTER V.
JAPAN, HONG-KONG, CHINA, AND BORNEO.
APAN has gone to the front of the Asiatic world.
India is enslaved; China, with her long history
and teeming millions of population, stands on the
defensive, with an unheroic record. The ancient
lands of religion, poetry, and art are dead; they are
an echo. Japan has caught the spirit of the West-
ern World. She has been studying all the arts of progress. ‘ She has
not been enslaved by England; she has learned of her. The secret
of her sudden rise and progress is education. It is the same secret
as has, within half a century, made Mexico a grand and prosperous
empire. A like spirit would give power to the South American
republics. Chili already sees the way; so does Argentine. Peru only ©
needs to awaken to this great need to recover her ancient glory. The
IIo ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
apostles of education in the twentieth century are to find their day
and field.
_ Japan proper comprehends four large islands, with an area of
two hundred and sixty-six thousand five hundred square miles. Be-
sides the four large islands, she has some three thousand islets. Her
population is between thirty and forty millions.
The islands seem to be of volcanic origin, and rest on an ocean
bed that is still disturbed. One city in about seven years is shaken
by volcanic movement, say the records. It is a land of mountains,
valleys, and magnificent harbours. The sacred mountain of Fusiyama .
is fourteen thousand one hundred and seventy-seven feet high.
The climate is most beautiful. June, July, and August constitute
the rainy season; and October and November are the pleasantest
months of the year. .
It is the land of flowers and temples, of the evergreen oak, the
cypress, the maple, and of all luscious fruits. The palm and bamboo
shade the avenues to colossal temples. The Japanese are a nation of
farmers. .
The Japanese character is such as rises. It is honest, clean, and
frugal, with a high sense of honour.
Among the curious customs of Japan which are disappearing,
is hara-kiri, or the committing of suicide by two cross-cuts on the
abdomen by a short- -pointed knife. When a maiden marries, her teeth
are blackened, her eyebrows plucked out, and she makes herself as
ugly as possible. The Japanese are a theatre-loving peony and
delight in fantastic plays.
The Japanese emperors claim a dynasty of 2532 years. _ The chief
ruler is known as the Mikado, of which order there have been more
than one hundred and twenty-two in long and grand procession. The
office of the Mikado was to preserve the ancient laws and religion,
and to prevent change and progress.
‘Suddenly, some twenty-five’ years ago, this policy of the centuries
2
iy [| in
!
. J il
Ui I il 7
a
Hl
an
UNIAN Ti
m4
a
JAPANESE BAZAAR.
FAPAN. 113
changed. How was it brought about? The families of rank sent
their sons to England, Germany, and France to be educated. These
young men saw a new life.
They returned with other == =e
ideas. Then a Japanese Em-
bassy was sent out to study
the world. They came back
in favour of progress in Japan.
So change came. The arts
and sciences of the West were |;
cultivated, and education be-
gan to be a sudden and trans- |
forming power. The ethics |
of the Christian religion re-
ceived attention, and were
accepted among philosophical
Japanese as the principles of
Confucius had been when
these principles were seen to
be true, and superior to the
prevailing Buddhism. When
the law that had made change
forbidden, became broken in
spirit, and education took its
place, conservative Japan felt
a new force that became irre- es
sistible. After less than a a
half century of progress, she fete ee
leads the Levant. .The old Seles Bao
law of Japan was, “ Preserve
unchanged the condition of native intelligence.†The new spirit is,
“ Educate, progress ; assimilate all science, art, and knowledge.â€
8
114 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
So one of the last of all nations became the first.
The grand temples of Japan are becoming devoid of the ancient
faith. Sintuism was the early creed. It was followed by Buddhism.
There was a long period of temple building, and the flowery land is
everywhere adorned by temples that have the poetic colourings of age
and decay. —
There is a curious event in the history of Japan which connects her
rise in civilisation with American history. In the period of her isola-
tion, her ports were closed, and foreign sailors who were thrown upon
her coasts were treated as enemies. In 1853, Commodore Perry
steamed into the harbour of Yokohama with a demand fora treaty that
would protect American sailors. His squadron was a terror. The
treaty that he offered was accepted. It was the turning-point in the
history of Japan. Other nations followed Perry’s example. The
ports were opened to the commercial nations. It was Perry’s knock
at her doors that wrought the change.
Hong-Kong, the city of fragrant streams : This British island, on
the coast of China, lies about one hundred miles from Canton. It is.
some nine miles long, and has an area of twenty-nine square miles.
Its capital, Victoria, has a population of 121,985. It is an island of
mountains. From May to October the heat is here oppressive, but.
the winter months are cool.
Victoria has magnificent streets and terraces.
The island was ceded to England by the treaty of Nankin, in 1843.
From Hong-Kong the traveller enters China; the island is the
commercial port to this vast empire of more than three hundred and
sixty millions of people. .
The history of China is one of the oldest in the world; and China,
in some respects, is the most remarkable country in the world. “ To
be happy on earth,†say the Chinese, “one must be born in Su-Chau,
live in Canton, and die in Lianchan.†Why die in Lianchan? Be-.
cause the place furnishes the best wood for coffins.
Te
¢, bi}
COREANS.
CHINA, 117
The Chinese worship their ancestors. Tombs are shrines. Death
is an ascension day; the last home is the sky. The coffin is the most
sacred treasure.
The Chinese are slaves of custom. All things are regulated by the
“ Book of Rites.†China is a land of festivals.
The religion of China is Confucianism. The Buddhist system
came into China as a missionary religion, after a long struggle; but
the educated classes are followers of Confucius.
The Buddhist temples are falling into decay in China, and no new
ones are building. Their devotees are chiefly begging priests and
susceptible women. The mystic religion called Taouism has great ©
influence in China; it is a kind of spiritualism, and, instead of outward
forms, abounds in occult and mysterious rites.
Confucius, the Chinese philosopher, was born June 19, 551 B. Cc.
His disciples called him Kong-fu-tse, “the Teacher.†Prodigies are
recorded as happening at his birth. The child had a large bump or
elevation on the top of his head, and began at an early age to exhibit
a wonderful zeal for learning. To acquire knowledge filled his soul
with joy. His character was noble, and. he was made a public in-
spector of the flocks and herds. His mother died when he was a
young man, and he buried her with ancient honours, and began his
career as a philosopher by thus teaching reverence for the dead.
He made the hall of one’s ancestors the sacred place of worship.
He mourned three years for his mother, during which he evolved his
system of philosophy. His teachings, in brief, were that men should
live for the soul, and that right character is everything. “Be vir-
tuous and reverence the dead.†He went forth to teach what virtue
is. The principles of Confucius became the religion of China. He
founded schools, and firmly established his system. He suffered per-
secution and imprisonment; for the purity of his principles antago-
nised prevailing customs. But he had sowed the seed of a great har-
vest. After his death he began to be honoured, and his name to receive
118 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
the highest epithets. The faith grew, for it was founded on the
moral laws of life; it came from the mysteries of Nature. It re
vealed those principles that govern all things.
“T teach you nothing,†he says, “but what you might learn your-
selves.†These principles as applied to life are, —
“ Universal charity.
“ Impartial justice.
“ A pure heart and mind.
“ Reverence.
“Sincerityâ€
Religion, in his system, is duty; and the principles of duty are
those that are written on the spiritual nature. To sum it up, “ Impe-
rial Heaven will only assist virtue.†“It is only good to be good.â€
The temples of China are magnificent in their ruins. Let us
describe, by pictures and travellers’ accounts, two of these.
“Four miles south of Angcor the Great is the temple to which all
accounts refer as the most important of all the existing ruins. Of.
this we present an illustration, reproduced from a photograph, for the
purpose of showing the exquisite finish and minute detail of the work.
The general plan of the temple consists of three rectangular and
concentric inclosures composed of galleries or verandas, and each
fifteen or twenty feet higher than the one outside it, giving to the
whole mass, as seen from without, a pyramidal form. The first of
these inclosures measures thirty-two hundred and forty feet by thirty-
three hundred, and outside of it is a moat six hundred and ninety feet
broad. This moat is crossed by a superb causeway of great blocks
of sandstone, and adorned with pillars and fantastic dragons at
regular intervals. In the first inclosure isa gateway not unlike the
gopura of a Dravidian temple, five stories high and extended by
lateral galleries and towers into a facade more than ‘six hundred
feet long.
“Passing through this portal, the road continues to the next in-
ae
BELFRY OF BUDDHIST TEMPLE,
CHINA. I21
closure, where it ends before a second terrace supported by round
columns elegantly sculptured. From the second to the third terrace
a great flight of steps leads up; and the terrace itself is crowned by a
central tower, which, although the upper part has been destroyed,
stands yet about a hundred and ninety feet above the level of the road.
Besides this central tower, eight others rise from various portions of -
the building, all conducing to the pyramidal effect, which seems to
have been the leading idea.
“ All the three terraces are surrounded by galleries or colonnades,
which are open to the air with the exception of those of the second
story; and nowhere in all the immense structure does there seem to
have been made any provision for human abode. The whole building
appears to have but one object or end in view, — namely, to be the
entrance to the quadruple sanctuary established at the base of the
central tower. From whichever of the cardinal points the temple is
approached, everything leads towards one of the four enormous
statues over the four sides of this tower. Nothing arrests the explorer
till he finds himself at the entrance of the sanctuary.
“ The central tower is two hundred feet long and two hundred and
thirteen wide. In it no divinity is found, for the reason that this
temple manifestly was dedicated to the snake-worship peculiar to some
branches of the Turanian family, and its gods suffered from the dis-
advantage of being eaten up one by another, or dying from natural
causes. But all through the enormous structure are the tokens of its
destination. ‘Every angle of every roof, says Fergusson, — ‘and there
are hundreds, —is adorned with an image of the seven-headed snake;
every cornice is composed of snakes’ heads; every convolution of the
roof —and there are thousands of them —terminates in a five or
seven headed reptile. The balustrades are snakes; and the ridge of
every roof anciently was adorned with a gilt dragon.’ There is, there-
fore, no divinity in the temple; but at present it is occupied by Siamese
bonzes, who maintain the worship of Buddha, and take what care they
122 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
can of the vast edifice. They are too few in number to do much; but
they sweep out the most frequented central galleries every a and
now and then pull up the grass which grows between the stones. The
rest is completely abandoned to the inroads of the luxuriant vegeta-
tion of the tropics, and to bats and night-birds, which make their
home by myriads under the roofs of the colonnades.
“A few words of description must be given to these galleries, which
are the most remarkable feature of Angcor Wat. Their mechanical
arrangement is as perfect as their artistic design. On the inner side
they are formed by a solid wall of the most exquisite masonry, sup-
porting the interior terrace of the temple. This wall is built of large
stones put together without cement, and so exquisitely fitted that it is
difficult to detect the joints between the stones. Ten feet and a half
in front of this wall stands a range of square piers, resembling the
Roman Doric order, with capitals similar to the classic examples, but
more ornamented. These pillars have no bases, but at the foot of
each is carved, on the four sides, a figure of a devotee or worshipper
surmounted by a canopy of incised ornament, which is also carried
along the edge of the shafts. The pillars support an architrave and a
deep frieze, which is ornamented with bas-reliefs of the most elaborate
design, and above this a cornice of a very classical outline. This cor-
nice is composed of infinite repetitions of the seven-headed snake.
The roof of these galleries is a pointed arch made by’ stones project-
ing one beyond the other, as the old Pelasgi used to build, and as do
the Indians of the present day. This was probably intended to be
hidden, as it is quite plain, and in one of the galleries remains of a
beautifully carved ceiling of teak-wood have been discovered. Upon
the inner walls are an almost infinite variety of bas-reliefs, represent-
ing, for the most part, battle-scenes. They are distributed in eight
compartments, having an aggregate length of about two thousand
feet, and a height of six and a half feet, the number of figures being
estimated by one traveller as twenty thousand, and by another as a
TEMPLE OF CONFUCIUS.
CHINA. 125
hundred thousand. These figures, by their magnitude, their minute
finish, and their elegant proportion, compare favourably with classic
sculpture, and it is interesting to note that the principles on which
this sculpture is employed differ from the Indian and from the Egyp-
tian examples, where the figures were in high relief, forming part of
the architecture, but are allied to the Greek method, in which sculp-
ture was regarded as purely decorative, and to be used entirely within
the architectural lines.
“In examining this great temple minutely, the traveller is impressed
with the differences existing between its different parts. The two
lower stories or terraces seem designed to throw into strong relief the
importance and richness of the third. As we approach the central sanc-
tuary the decoration becomes more splendid; the chisel cuts deeper
into the stone; the colonnades are doubled; marvels of sculpture burst
forth on every side. What admirable arabesques are designed upon
the pilasters which make the setting of the doors for the sanctuary! On
the two sides the general design appears symmetrical ; but a nearer view
reveals the greatest differences, the most charming variety in the de-
tails ; curiosity and interest are redoubled. Each one of these graceful
interlacings, these capricious designs, appears the work of an individual
artist who, composing his own design, imitated nothing, borrowed
nothing, from his neighbour; each one of these pages of stone is the
feint of a delicate and original inspiration, not the skilful reproduction
of a common model. Sometimes the commenced page is not com-
pleted ; the stone is left rough, awaiting the chisel. The artist died,
perhaps, in the midst of his work, and no one was found to take his
place. It seems as if this were a fate incident to all great structures.
Angcor Wat has fallen into ruins without ever having been finished !
“Even more cruelly threatened by the forces of Nature is the
old city Angcor Thom, or ‘the Great.’ Making his way northward
through the forest, along an amazing highway, peopled with huge
stone figures, — elephants the size of life, lions, dragons, — most of .
126: ZIGZAG FÂ¥OURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD. Pa
them overthrown and broken, the traveller reaches the city’s southern
gate. The forest, interrupted by the wide belt of moat which forms a
kind of clearing all around the city, here becomes deeper and more
gloomy. A narrow path winds between the great trees; here and
there are massive stones all overgrown with moss. After a walk of —
three-quarters of a mile, the explorer comes to a vast inclosure, within -
which are visible, in the distance, the towers and spires of some great
structure. It is the Baion, or Temple of the Forty-two Towers, the.
most beautiful and extensive of the ruins of Angcor. The view of
it on page 131 represents the building as it doubtless appeared in
its original splendour, surrounded by a broad moat and inclosing wall.
This: moat has been entirely filled up, and, within the wall, the forest
debris of centuries almost bars access to the main structure. But
the: forty-two towers are yet standing, with all their rich sculpture,
and it is possible to make a thorough examination of the building.
Its general plan is much like that of Angcor Wat, but it is believed
to belong to a somewhat earlier date.â€
_The ship stopped at Borneo, next to Australia and Papua, the
largest island in the world. There came’on board an English family,
who parted with a servant who had been taking the charge of
their children. This servant was a man, and was about to sail for
Vancouver.
“IT am sorry.to have you leave us,†said the English gentleman,
whose ‘name was Hunt. “I hardly know what we shall do without
you.†|
Harold overheard the remark. It occurred to him that he would
like to take the charge of such an interesting family of boys and girls,
and that he. would apply to Mr. Hunt for this service as soon as
he .could make his acquaintance.
.The latter’ matter he found it easy to do.
“TI should -be glad :to engage you. for the daily instruction of my
ANGCOR WAT.
BORNEO. 129
children,†said Mr. Hunt. ‘We are going to Switzerland. We have
passes over our route. We can give or secure for you free passage
from Ceylon to Venice, should you care to engage in our service.
We may, however, go to Bombay.â€
Harold here saw an opportunity to secure a very long and expen-
RIVER SCENERY, BORNEO.
sive journey free. He made the essential arrangements, and began
the daily instruction of the Hunt children.
These children had travelled into the interior of Borneo; for Mr.
Hunt was a man of such strong family feelings that wherever he went,
he took his family with him.
There is but a small European population in Borneo. The chil-
dren had become greatly interested, while on the island, in the Dyaks,
9
Bice
130 ZIGZAG FOURNEYVS AROUND THE WORLD.
who. were the original inhabitants. One of them, young Percy, said
to Harold:— | : , :
“These people once hunted. for the heads of their enemies. They
are the greatest hunters in the world.†.
A EUROPEAN RESIDENCE, BORNEO.
“ How-do they look?†asked Harold.
“ Oh, they wear hardly any clothes at all; and yet they dress fine.â€
“How is that?†asked Harold.
“They do not wear much; but what they do wear, makes them
look just splendid — royal.â€
‘Harold could hardly understand his pupil.
The. pictures which we. give will make the matter quite clear to
THE BAION, ANGCOR THOM.
BORNEO. 133
SS ee eS
GROUP OF DYAKS.
the reader. A heathen Dyak presents a splendid figure, — especially
a hunter or a warrior.
The boy had visited Sarawak, a kingdom in the northwest of
Borneo, with a population of some fifty thousand. The river Sarawak
is a forest highway. In these great forests ebony, sandal-wood, and
iron-wood abound. Here the finest camphor-trees are found, from
which, by incision, the camphor oil is obtained. This, when crystal-
lised, is regarded as the finest in the world.
The Dyaks collect edible bird’s nests for the Indian market. The
original Dyaks were divided into many tribes. They live in simple
huts, and in a country abounding with luxuriant vegetation.
134 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
Here grow the nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, betel, ginger.
The trees and their fruits are for the most part odorous.
The monkeys of Borneo seem like a low order of the races of men.
The orang-outang is sometimes captured and tamed. Harold saw
LOWER RAPID, SARAWAK RIVER.
one of these, on a ship in the harbour, which would climb into the
rigging and obey its owner like a boy.
The lagoons swarm with crocodiles; and the birds here are as
brilliant as the forests are fragrant. .
The butterflies here are as beautiful as the birds.
Terrible serpents are found in the forests; and the English travel-
lers and explorers who go here for woods and spices, and ride over
the forest highways, often meet with thrilling adventures.
NEO-
DYAKS OF BOR
-HUNTING
HEAD
BORNEO. 137
Among the gigantic snakes of Borneo, the boa, or python, like
the same kind of reptile in the jungles of India and the forests of
South America, is terribly interesting. It is able to crush the large
animals, even the buffalo or tiger. The true boas are of a different
origin; they belong to South America. These East India serpents
are the rock snakes, or, as they are sometimes called, the anacondas.
DYAK BRIDGE AND HUT.
It is pitiable to see the deer crushed by their coils. The rock
snakes of Natal are nearly as large round as the human body; and
there are pythons in the East twenty feet long. A tiger in the coils
of the monster of the forests of the lands and islands of the Indian
Ocean is one of the wonderful terribie scenes of reptile and animal
life.
135 ZIGZAG JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
DAHOMEY CRUELTIES.
Of all the primitive races of the East the Dyaks of Borneo are
perhaps the most curious and interesting. They seem to be almost
allied to the Cave-dwellers. The missionaries have done much good |
work in bringing about civilisation among the islands of the Indian
Ocean; and, in Ceylon, there may be sometimes seen in the same mis-
sion church many different races of men. The head-hunting Dyaks
displayed a cruelty equal to the fiercest animals. Like the chiefs of
Dahomey, who hung up their victims and exposed them to the birds,
cruelty of the lowest animal order here found place. The church is
seen to-day where once such exhibitions of human depravity were
common. The so-called wild men of Borneo belong to the races that
Christianity is sending to school, and that commerce, art, and science
are lifting out of the rule of the passions into the moral world.
THE PET ORANG-OUTANG.
CEYLON.
CHAPTER VI.
CEYLON, —THE TAJ,— AND THE GREAT BO-TREE.
AWERE are some ports that harbour, as it were, the
ships of the world. They are the world’s cities of the
sea. To live in these places is to meet men of all
lands. Such a port is Liverpool; such, Southamp-
ton; such is Valparaiso; and such is Ceylon, or
Colombo in Ceylon.
We speak of the island asa port. So it is; but Colombo, a city
of some hundred thousand inhabitants, is the real port. -The island
is about one-half the size of the State of New York. It is, histori-
cally, most interesting; for it was the sea-garden of the Temples of
Buddha, and contains the ruins of some of the most magnificent and
colossal shrines in all the world’s worship, in stone and marble.
It is the situation of the island that gives Ceylon its present im-
portance. It lies in the great ocean highway between the East and
the West. The splendid steamers from the Eastern ports of British
Columbia, Washington, and California call there. The English ships
for Australia there take the last mails. It is surrounded by rich trad-
142 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
ing countries, —the lands of the sun,— and its own productions are
valuable. It was once called the “ Land of the Lions,†and it is still a
land of the elephant. To the east lies continental India; to the
west, Australia.
The kingdom floats, as it were, in the Indian Ocean, with great
mountain peaks that look like the chimneys of some vast temple, from
the sea.
It was a land of romance in the grand centuries of India’s glory.
It is still a land of palms.
“What do you smell?†asked Henry, as the island rose, green, in
view out of the placid waters.
“ Nothing,†said his father, — “ nothing but the sea. Why do you
ask the question? â€
“I have heard so often the words of the hymn, —
““¢ What though the spicy breezes
Blow soft o’er Ceylon’s isle,’
NATIVE COTTAGES IN CEYLON.
ANACONDA AND’TIGER.
CEYLON. 145
that I can fancy that there is an odour in the wind blowing from the
shore.â€
“ But, my boy, there is no wind blowing from the shore. The
water is like glass.â€
“Oh, is there not? I thought there was.â€
“Tt must be delightful to have an imagination like this, where
spicy breezes blow cool on so hot a day.â€
The wharves displayed a singular people, all in picturesque dress, —
burghers, Moors, and Cingalese. The water was sprinkled with
canoes and shells. Among these were bumboats loaded with oranges,
bananas, cocoanuts, eggs, poultry, vegetables, and greens. .
The boat laid the ladder; and as our tourists landed, they seemed
to have come to a Babel, and to find the riches of the world spread
out before their feet. There were peddlers everywhere. Rubies, gar-
nets, sapphires, and pearls were mingled amid tempting fruits and
flowers. Does Ceylon produce everything beautiful ?
“There are spicy breezes here,†said Henry. ‘“ You can smell
them now.â€
“Yes, my son; it no longer needs the nose of the imagination to
enjoy them. Even I, with my faded fancy, am ready to testify that
the air of Ceylon is odorous, and that —
‘“s Every prospect pleases ;’
I hope I may not find that —
“¢ Only man is vile.’ â€
Arrived at the hotel, what a scene the ¢adle a’hote presented. Peo-
ple of all commercial nations were there, speaking many tongues, —
Americans, English, French, Germans, Dutchmen, Japanese, and
Chinese.
It rained every day while our travellers were here, as indeed it
rains here nearly every day during the three summer months. Some
of the night storms were terrible. But the sun came out of all clouds
10
146 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
>
at last with dazzling splendour, and the earth poured forth what seemed
to be an inexhaustible vegetation. The climate here is not wholly
healthy. in summer, but more so than on the main land.
Our travellers went out on the Galle road, through avenues of
cocoanut-palms, orchards, and gardens. Everywhere were life, beauty,
sunshine, or falling skies. Galle was once the important port of
MALAY MUD HUT.
Ceylon. There was no doubt in regard to the “spicy breezes†now.
Both Colombo and Galle are famous for their cinnamon gardens.
They went to Kundy, the old capital of Ceylon, to the palace and
shrine where are kept many marvellous relics. Among these is one
of the most sacred of all Boodhist, or Buddhist, treasures, —the tooth
of the Great Buddha.
The temple or shrine where it is kept still burns with jewels, and
is surrounded by holy houses and adoring priests. But the country
once swarming with pilgrims is now like a vast coffee plantation.
One meets the solemn priests everywhere. Any one may become
e \
z H ferrin inh {SUA
Ree, Sieiee ers!
SF NE
VSO ARR a
Arai
THE TAJ, AGRA.
THE TAF. - 149
a member of the sacred class by taking the vow of celibacy, poverty,
and separation from the world.
Forlorn and forsaken they look, and as destitute of spiritual peace
and comfort as of worldly luxuries; but one cannot help respecting
the principle that leads them to so give up everything amid all of the
luxuries of life.
We speak of the enervating influences of the tropic lands, and
say that they weaken the will and character; but where may one
find more powerful examples of self-sacrifice and self-renunciation
amid all the temptations of life than here? Ina land that produces
everything, multitudes are found who are ready to sacrifice everything
human to the imaginary welfare of the soul. Such sacrifice cannot
be altogether imaginary; for it is blind virtue, and virtue is the
greatest of attainments, however or wherever it may be found.
“ Galle in Ceylon,†said Mr. Davidson, “is the Ophir of Solomon ;
there came the ships of Tarshish, bringing to the port of Jerusalem
gold, ivory, and peacocks.â€
As splendid as are the ruins of the Buddhist temples of Ceylon, they
are surpassed in interest by a mausoleum of comparatively recent date
at Agra, in India proper, and in dramatic splendour by the mosques of
the Mogul Empire. .
For the ruins of India represent two great dynasties. First came
the Aryan races, of which are left the sacred hymns. Then arose
Gautama Booddha, or Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, about 500
B. Cc. The second period begins with the rise of the Mohammedan
power, under the conquerors from the North, ending in the Mogul
Empire, — the most magnificent, perhaps, of the kingdoms in the his-
tory of the world. Mosques, mausoleums, minarets, palaces, arose in
a hundred centres of wealth and luxury. Gold seemed to be almost as
abundant as the stones of the streets. The temples blazed with gold,
and glimmered with gems. There were silver gates, jewelled urns,
and alabaster fountains.
I50 ZIGZAG JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
The lives of the Mogul kings read like romances. Some of them
were not without nobility.
Take, for example, Paniput, whose death occurred in 1530. He
had a son named Humayun, whom he dearly loved.
The son fell sick. His life had become dearer to his father than
the father’s own life.
« Allah!†prayed the father, “let-me die, and Humayun live. Take
thou my life instead of his, and I will be contented and happy.â€
The monarch seemed to be smitten from the time he made the
prayer, and the sick son to receive new life. . The father withered and
perished, and the son became well and strong; the vitality of the
father seemed to pass into the son.
The last and most splendid of the Mogul emperors was Aurung:
zeeb, who came to the throne in 1658. His reign was, perhaps, the
most magnificent in material glory of any ever known in the world.
The temples that arose at this period are still the wonders of the
world. .
It was in the last splendid years of the Mogul Empire that the
mausoleum of which we have spoken was brought into historic life.
It was called the Taj. It is still, and perhaps ever will be, the most
beautiful and poetic structure ever designed and erected by man.
It was erected by Shah Jehan as a mausoleum in memory of. his
wife, who was his heart, and whose death took away from him the
glory of the world.
It was an inspiration, because it was built to typify the immortality
of Love. It appeals to mankind, because it pictures the nobleness of
human affection.
“T now wish to see the Taj,†said Mr. Davidson; “I want to go to
Agra. It would be a pity to make this long journey, and not see the
most beautiful building in all the world.â€
“But you cannot do this within the one thousand dollars I have
credited for the journey,†said Henry.
THE TAY. ; ii
“No, but I can spare more. The temple of Candy is beautiful,
but it cannot equal those at Delhi and Agra. The great temples of
Ceylon of the days of the pilgrimages are buried in piles of vegetation,
Iam told. My books all tell me that the splendours of India are in
the north, and, somehow, what I read of the Taj wins my heart and
kindles my imagination. Think of it, Henry, —
“Tt took twenty thousand workmen seventeen years to lift all
those gleaming marbles and gems into the air.
“ All India and the East sent gems to it. It required one hundred ©
and forty thousand loads of stone and marble to set these gems.
There came jasper from Punjaub, ~
corals from Arabia, onyx from Per-
sia, diamonds from Punnah, agates |
from Yeman, sapphires from Colombo,
and chalcedony from Asia Minor. I |
am told that the view of it from Agra,
ona moonlight night, is enchantment.
It is a dream of the soul, — the soul’s
dreams of love and immortal life.
The story of it too haunts me. The
Shah died while it was building.â€
“We must see it,’ said Henry...
“To miss it would be to miss the jewel
on the hand of the world.â€
“ How poetic!†said Harold. “ You
may go; I will remain here, or go to Bombay, and study the people.
Slaves built the Taj. Their souls were more than the Taj.â€
“ But slaves were ready to die for it,†said Mr. Davidson. “Slaves
have a sense of beauty.â€
“You will have to remain over one boat if you go to the Taj,†said
Harold. “You can go to the Taj from Bombay direct by rail. I will
‘wait for you there. Maybe I can find something to do there in one
of the government offices.â€
THE TAJ, FROM A DISTANCE.
152 ZIGZAG JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
i i
is \
WME
=
Eells
T
i
i
GARDEN-GATE OF THE TAJ.
The Taj stands upon a river bank, and is best seen across the river
from Agra. It there looks like a structure of air,—a celestial
splendour, a dream of some Scheherazade. Its gilded crescent rises
to a height of two hundred and seventy feet above the water level.
The gleaming marbles and gems rise out of a green garden of some
twenty-five acres, having one of the most beautiful gates ever seen
by human eyes. The main building is of dazzling whiteness, shaded
with texts of the Koran in shining black marble. It is said that
the whole of the Koran is written on the walls of the Taj.
THE GREAT BO-TREE. 153
uv
The mausoleum stands on a vast platform of real stone. At each
end of this platform rises a minaret one hundred and fifty feet high.
“Tt was built by Titans, and finished by jewellers,†said Bishop
Heber. “No pen,†says a writer, “can do justice to its incomparable
beauty and astonishing grandeur.â€
It is said that the Shah intended to build his own tomb on the
opposite side of the river, and to connect the two mausoleums by a
bridge. The thought was poetry. The Taj itself was once only a dream
in the Shah’s mind. No one could see it. His words could utter it.
He dreamed; and the structure. rose, bearing aloft the gems of
the world.
He dreamed again. As his wife slept among gems, so he would
sleep; another Taj should enchant the air. He dreamed, but Death
came; he sleeps beside his wife. The Taj is his tomb; it is more: it
is his poem of life and immortality written in jewels, — the poem of
the poems of the world.
Anaurajapoora is the capital of Ancient Ceylon. It is now a mass
of gigantic ruins, overgrown with luxuriant vegetation. Near its tem-
ples is a bo-tree, or fig-tree, or sacred fig-tree, which is supposed to be
more than two thousand years old, and the oldest tree in the world.
It is claimed that this tree is of the stock of the one under which
Buddha, or Booddha, received his Apotheosis, or celestial illumination ;
for the greatest of the Hindoo legends relates that the great Prophet
of the Inner Light, after long struggles to find the truth by self-
purification, knelt, or sat, down under a bo-tree, and there was spirit-
ually re-born, or deified.
Nearly all the Buddhist temples are approached by a bo-tree.
It represents the inward light, and is the sacred altar of prayer.
The bo-tree at the ancient capital of Ceylon has witnessed more
grand religious scenes than almost any other shrine in the world.
Here, long before the rise of Christianity, came processions of devotees,
154
_ ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
A FOREST OF CEYLON.
and poured out their desires in
prayer. Stupendous temples
rose in air; golden rituals and
bejewelled priests, pilgrims and
merchants filled the courts of
these shrines of the Ophir of
the ships of Tarshish. The
procession went in for a_ thou-
sand years, and then for another
thousand, and the end seems
near, but it 1s not yet.
What were these desires that
were poured out under the
sacred bo-tree? Strangely
enough they were petitions to
the Soul. of ail Souls that all
desires might be taken away.
He that desires nothing has
everything, is the great tendency
of Buddhism. Desire is pain;
birth is pain — life, growth, con-
sciousness. The only happiness
is the joy of the soul in over-
coming selfishness, passion, and
pride. The Christian Gospel
teaches that attainment is the
highest joy; but Buddha, that
the glory of the soul is the ex-
tinction of individuality, — to
be swallowed up and lost in the
all-glorious life.
The soul, according to the
ALLADIN’S GATE, DELHI.
THE GREAT BO-TREE. 157
Hindoo thought, rewards itself and punishes itself by its own conduct;
the soul passes from one state of existence to another, and suffers in
one existence for the sins in a previous existence, or enjoys in one state
the fruits of well-doing in a past age. So the soul rises and falls,
and is re-born to pain as long as it
cherishes desires. When it rises
above worldly desires, it approaches
the celestial glory of Nirvana.
The soulin the Christian thought
attains all knowledge ; it shall know
all created life.
“The stars are but the shining dust
Of my divine abode.â€
But the Buddhist teaching is
that the loss of self is happiness
supreme, — to join the eternal and
to become a part of eternal life.
Not to seek a home; but to
wander homeless; not to care for
self, but only for others; not to kill
anything, but to protect all life as
sacred; not to seek for joys without,
but the peace of inward contempla-
tion, — such in its best sense is the
purpose of the true and devout PUBLIC BATHS.
Buddhist.
CHAPTER. VII.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL TEMPLES IN .THE WORLD.
EAR Agra is Gwalior, where the dead wall of the
ruined palace of the King of Pal, and the temples
of a very ancient city, surprise and awe the traveller
by their colossal art and magnificence.
From Agra the two went by rail to. Delhi. This
was formerly the capital of the Mogul Empire, and
had a population of two million. The city is seven miles in circum-
ference, and is surrounded by a wall thirty feet high, with seven arched
gates. The palace of Shah Jehan is the pride of India. The city
now has a population of about one hundred and sixty thousand. It
has some forty mosques.
Returning to Agra by rail, they started for Bombay. They passed _
the mausoleum of the great emperor, Akbar, on one of their journeys
from Agra, and visited other ruins of palaces and temples that so
excited their wonder as to make them wish to go to Benares, and to
see more of the marvellous works that art had wrought in stone, such
as they were leaving behind. These stupendous temples were struc-
tures of superstitions, but they represented ideas. Some of these ideas
were false, but some of them were noble and true. Christianity tells
us to destroy evil passions and develop good desires. Hindooism com-
mands that all passions and desires shall be repressed and surrendered.
Of course Christianity is right; but-the sacrifice of things that please
for the sake of principle has its worthy suggestions. “Attain,†says
the Christian faith; “Lose thyself,†says Buddhism. The Christian
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL TEMPLES IN THE WORLD. 161
faith is right; it is winning the world. But the Buddhist view is
interesting.
“In one thing Buddhism is right,†said Henry; “in protecting all
life and holding it as sacred. We shall see this at Benares.â€
PALACE OF SHAH JEHAN.
“ How about the tigers, serpents, who destroy as many people as
would make a colony here every year?†asked his father.
“Ido not know; but the Buddhist principle in this regard is a
correct one.â€
“ Christianity has the same.â€
“ But it does not hold to it. Here it is an education.â€
Benares! There indeed they found the old “ bird’s-nest†principle
of the Hebrews not only in action, but exceeded. Apes and serpents
were held to be sacred there.
162 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
GZS
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THE MAUSOLEUM OF AKBAR.
Harold found at Bombay many tales of India written by old
explorers. These he kept to read on shipboard to his father and
Henry. Some of these stories gave a vivid view of the country. The
most interesting story of this kind that fell under his notice, was
written by Captain Parsley, R. A., many years ago, in the time of
curious and romantic exploration. It was called, —
PAGODA, BOMBAY.
THE MAN-EATER OF CHUNDA. 165
THE MAN-EATER OF CHUNDA.
ONE very sultry day in the month of May, 1850, I was sitting in my tent,
on the banks of a tributary of the Nerbudda, India. Near by was a small vil-
lage of huts called Chunda. My duties as a civilian in the revenue service
enabled me to divide my work with pleasure, and I frequently passed the
afternoon in hunting.
At the time referred to I was in the tiger country. It was at the hot sea-
son. The forest around me was bare of leaves, — for at the commencement of
the Indian summer the leaves fall as in an American autumn, and, with the
exception of a few coriander bushes and evergreens, the jungle was but a collec-
tion of dried up trunks of trees. Under any other conditions it would have
been impossible to get at tigers and large game without great danger.
While I was stopping here, I heard that a man-eating tiger had carried
terror into the village. He had killed some halfdozen persons during the
year. ,
One day a bareheaded native rushed into my tent, and throwing himself
at my feet, informed me, in lamentable terms, that his dachcha (child) had just
ROCK-HEWN TEMPLES.
166 ZIGZAG ¥OURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
been carried off by the terrible man-eater, and begged me, out of pity, to go
in search of the beast.
My native servants came in just at that moment, and soon led the man out.
When they returned, I found that his dachcha was not his child, but his pet
buffalo, whose neck had been twisted and sucked by the tiger.
It may be well to explain that by a “man-eater†I do not mean a par-
ticular kind of tiger, but an old one which has, through some chance, killed
man, and, finding him easy eating for bad teeth, repeats the dose, taking “‘ one
at a time†as often as he can. ,
Sometimes the man-eater is young, having come across a man without
hunting for him, and killed him, and found him good to his taste. Any animal
but a man can scent a tiger some way off; and many an old tiger would prob-
ably die of hunger were it not for the easy manner in which men can be caught
when wood-cutting, and during other forest avocations. Old man-eaters may
often be known by the absence of their stripes.
When the complaining native left my tent, it was only an hour before dark,
but it was a cloudless sky and the moon had already risen, so I concluded to
try to avenge the wrongs suffered by the native.
I lost no time in starting with my shzkaree (game-keeper) for the scene of
action, as my guns were always ready. When I reached the place where the
buffalo was killed, I found it lying dead with no further damage than a dislo-
cated neck and two deep wounds in its throat, from which the tiger had taken
a hearty drink, and then departed.
Knowing it would be useless to seek for my enemy, as it was so late, I
selected a tree close by, and with my skzkaree’s aid made a branch pretty com-
fortable to sit upon, and settled myself, ammunition, weapons and shzkaree,
biding the return of the tiger, as it is his custom to feed off the carcass shortly
after sunset.
I prepared my guns for moonlight shooting by sticking a piece of white
paper to each of the muzzle sights by means of a piece of cobbler’s wax, which
I always had for such purposes. This is a necessary plan, as the glitter of the
moonbeam on the barrel renders an aim very deceptive.
It was soon dark, and the red disc of the moon loomed large in the haze
of the horizon, the lowing of the cattle returning home gradually died away,
and all was still, save for the occasional cry of a hyena or jackal, and the bark-
ing of the pariah dogs in the distant village. |
Anxiously and patiently I waited for two or three hours, and the moon
shone more brightly, when my skzkaree, who had the eyes of a lynx, touched
my arm.
THE HEIMDAL.
THE MAN-EATER OF CHUNDA. 169
I was too old a sportsman to move, but, looking steadfastly, saw something
creep between two small bushes, and presently could clearly distinguish a tiger’s
head. My suspense was increased by its withdrawing.
Again I waited in silence; and my patience was rewarded by seeing the
animal walk out into the open space by the dead buffalo, and proceed to the
body. I was so interested in watching him that I did not fire at once, and I
was to a certain extent interested and satisfied by noticing the manner in~
which he acted. .
First, he sucked at the throat and seemed to lick his chops; then he famil-
iarly put his paw on the carcass, as much as to notify that possession was nine
points of the law; and he certainly looked a very dangerous customer to quarrel
with concerning his property.
When thoroughly satisfied that he was alone with his prey, he began to
tear it with his teeth and claws: These latter weapons are far more effective
than is generally known; and without their aid the feline race would have hard
work in preparing their food. A few strokes of a tiger’s claws will tear out the
entrails of a cow or buffalo; and the belly is, I think, the first part that the
animal would attack after drinking the blood from the throat.
I was on the point of firing, when, to my intense disgust, the tiger uttered
a growl and sprang away. Two pariah dogs had approached, attracted by the
smell of the dead body, and the tiger made a rush after them, and I bitterly
regretted having spared him while I had the chance of killing him with ease;
but my sizkaree whispered to me, —
“Never fear, sakid, the anwar [animal] will come back; he has not
gorged yet.â€
No one who has not been perched on a tree for a night can comprehend
the utter discomfort of sitting astride a branch and not daring to move. Al-
though I had settled myself to the best advantage, I was in great pain from
being unable to stir; and my attendant did not relieve me by whispering, as
he did, —
“ Sahib, yzh bahut atcha ghar hai, sarhe rat tdhur baithenge†(Sir, this is
a very good tree; we can sit all night in it), Whether I should sit all night
or not was soon decided. The tiger, having put the dogs to flight, returned to
the carcass; and, before he had time to eat a mouthful, I fired right and left
from my rifle, and had the great satisfaction of seeing the mighty brute spring
high in the air and roll over. Before I could fire again, he had recovered his
’ feet, and rushed off uttering the most terrific roars.
I told my shékaree I would start at daybreak, in further pursuit, and
desired him to get the assistance of a good puggee, or a man who can track
170 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
animals by their footprints. In Guzerat, the puggees are so expert that they
can tell the track of a tiger over hard, clean, black rock, where a European
could discover no sign ; and their expertness was formerly — and, for. all I
know, may be at the present day — turned to good account.
It is more by signs caused by the passage of an animal than by his foot-
prints that they discover it; and’ if they lose the track of the spoor they follow
such slight indications as a twig turned aside, or dew brushed off. I knew a
man to pick up a track he had nearly given up by finding a single hair on the
side of a stone; before picking it up he blew on it, and it easily fell off; on my
asking him why he did so, he said, —
“ Sahib, if any wind had blown on this hair it would have gone; it blew
hard last night; the tiger has just gone by.â€
To continue my own story, I went to bed and slept soundly. At daylight
I was again equipped for the day’s sport; and on the spot where I had spent the
earlier part of the previous night, my puggee at once took up the track, and we
proceeded inch by inch to thread the jungle, keeping all our wits at work so as
not to be surprised.
The blood of the wounded tiger was plain on the track. In his footmark,
also, the marks of the claws were plainly to be distinguished for at least, twenty
or thirty yards. This was an infallible sign of the brute being hit, as on no
other occasion, do the talons project in walking; but, in their rage and fear
combined, tigers seem to try and wreak their vengeance on everything within
reach. I knew a tiger to fly at the trunk of a tree when he was wounded, and
leave deep marks of his fangs and claws thereon. .
Breathless with anxiety, we followed the tracks into the bed of the river, and
found that the animal had gone to drink. This was a good sign, as it showed
that he was forced, by the pain of his wounds, to go for water close to the
scene of his disaster.
We now went along the bank on the same side, thinking he had not
crossed over, and we looked under every green bush, and into every place we
could fancy, but in vain. I saw also a peacock and hen, which were not
apparently alarmed. Now, these creatures are very keen and sensible of the
presence of wild animals, and always notify the fact by a series of cries,
“ Cuck, cuck,†repeated rapidly and shrilly. This cry is used by them when
disturbed by ferocious animals, and is never heard on any other occasion.
Presently I found that they were not so stupid as I fancied, for the very two
I saw gave the warning cry, “ Cuck cuck, cuck cuck,†and flew up and across
the river.
My shikaree started, and, pulling my elbow, declared he could see the ani-
THE MAN-EATER OF CHUNDA. I71
mal across the river, and pointed to what I thought was a stone; but he
declared it was part of the animal, and that he was lying down. I took steady
aim, against my better judgment, and fired; the ball went true to the mark
and..flattened on a stone, and nota tiger. At the- report the real Simon Pure
ORIZABA.
gave a roar within twenty yards of us in the grass behind us, on the side of
the river, but did not come out.
Matters were now getting serious. It would be folly to walk into the dense
reeds from which the roar came, and all that we could do was to go round
and round it, and try if we could induce the animal to come out. I stood
ready, while the puggee threw stones in, one of which was saluted by another
fierce growl. ;
Of course we could not tell now that the tiger was badly wounded. It was
difficult to get any vantage ground, as the bed of the river was on a lower
level than the reeds of the jungle, and we could not see a yard ahead if we
entered the place where the tiger was concealed.
At length I determined to risk one chance of getting the man-eater out of
172 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
his concealment, and I fired my carbine with the nearest aim I could take
to where I fancied the tiger was, and instantly seized my rifle.
The balls had the effect of dislodging the brute, for almost before I could
change my weapons, he made a feeble attempt at a charge, and came straight
out of the jungle into the bed of the river. Here he was taken so faint from
his wounds that he halted, and sat up like a dog in the bed of the river, and,
before he had time to lie down, I put two more bullets into him, and he
rolled over with a low roar and died. His charge was a last expiring effort.
From Ceylon, our travellers went to Port Said, and thence to Jaffa,
or Yaffa.
SYNAGOGUE OF JERUSALEM.
CHAPTER VIII.
TO THE MOUNT OF THE BEATITUDES. —VENICE TO THURINGIA.
A HATEVER may be said as to the sacred places in
China and India, and of the interest awakened by
them in thoughts and visions that have influenced
some of the most numerous races of mankind, the
supreme teaching of the world took place in the
Mount of Beatitudes. Christ taught not only the
moral, but the spiritual meaning, of life, and all things le under that
which is most spiritual. “He that is spiritual judgeth all things.â€
The so-called Sermon on the Mount has for its conclusion, “Seek ye
first the kingdom of God and his righteousness.†Froebel, hearing
this text at school, was inspired to form his system of education, which
stands for soul-culture in child-life. “ First,’— the word haunted him,
—what should be the first things to learn? What should be the first
lesson in life? Was it not how to be governed by the highest and
noblest qualities of the soul?
174 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
Our travellers planned to visit the “Galilee of the Gentiles†by
the way of Jaffa and Jerusalem. A railroad runs from Jaffa to the
JAFFA.
Holy City. At Jaffa, they visited the supposed house of Simon the
Tanner, saw some beautiful orange-trees on the country side, and were
JERUSALEM.
almost shocked, at the end of their railroad journey, to hear the con-
ductor, or some one connected with the train, say, “ Jerusalem!â€
TO THE MOUNT OF THE BEATITUDES. | 175
They found themselves in a dead city, filled with the dust of the
ages. They visited: those holy places which are associated with the
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE,
great mysteries of the spiritual life and redemption, — Gethsemane,
Calvary, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. We have given a his-
toric view of these places in another book.
JACOB’S WELL.
£76 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
They started northward towards Galilee, by the way of Shiloah,
Jacob’s Well, and the Tomb of Joseph. They passed. through Sa-
cee 7
SAMARIA.
maria, where the Parable of the Good Samaritan was much in their
thoughts, and where the true interpretation of it came upon them.
MOUNT HERMON.
TO THE MOUNT OF THE BEATITUDES. 177
All trouble in regard to routes and living was relieved by their guides
and conductors, who take parties from Jerusalem to Damascus, and
NAZARETH.
the Northern ports, as a part of the systems of travel in the East
inaugurated by the great English tourist agencies. One places him-
CANA FROM THE EAST.
12
178 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
self under such guidance, and has no farther care than to ride a horse.
One sleeps in tents at night, in a glorious atmosphere, and his food
and bed are there provided for him. They came to Nain, in view of
Mount Carmel and Mount Hermon, and dreamed of the widow’s son.
In four days, they reached Nazareth, and rested in the ancient town
of the Holy Family, and were shown the traditional site of the house
of Joseph the Carpenter.
Thence, travelling among the Catiiean Hills, they came to Cana.
Before them rose the Horns of Hattin, or the Mount of Beatitudes.
&.
Si
TIBERIAS.
It was a clear, bright, purple morning, as they went up to the
Mount of Blessings. Below them lay Tiberias on the shore, and the
Sea of Tiberias, or of Galilee. They were taken to the traditional
place of the Sermon on the Mount, and were told that there was the
pulpit of the world.
If the site were indeed the place of the teaching which is called
the Sermon on the Mount, it was indeed the pulpit of the world.
The Mount stands like a church with towers amid the Galilean Hills.
TO THE MOUNT OF THE BEATITUDES. 179
Our travellers imagined the scene of the old time, pictured in a single
sentence, “ And, seeing the multitudes, He went up into a mountain,â€
and could almost hear the divine words, —
‘“‘ Blessed are the poor in spirit;
‘Blessed are the meek;
“Blessed are the pure in heart;
“Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness.â€
In all these Beatitudes there was hope for the struggling, the
toiling, the neglected and misinterpreted souls of this imperfect world.
SEA OF GALILEE. ©
The horizons of hope lifted in them all. The principles were simple,
but they summed up all wisdom, and their end was final truth. First,
let that which is spiritual govern life, and to this purpose let all things
else be secondary, and “all other things shall be added unto you.â€
Spiritual obedience is the law of supply.
The sun burned in the clear sky; the birds sang, and the flowers
bloomed, and the sea lay below in unruffled silence. A few boats
were on the shore. The hills and valleys seemed asleep in the sun.
He who has seen the Mount of Blessings has met the height
that will ever tower above mankind; not that the elevation itself is
180 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
imposing, but because the teaching here cannot be transcended in all
the ages to come.
“ T have seen the supreme place in the world,†said Mr. Davidson,
“in Calvary, if the site that we saw were the true one; and here [|
stand on the floor of Nature’s temple, that will ever rise superior to
GETHSEMANE. .
all other churches and schools, and that will ever be most sacred
to the heart of man.â€
He added thoughtfully, “The world has only begun to compre-
hend these teachings. Think of them: ‘If thou rememberest that
thy brother has aught against thee, — not ‘if thou hast aught against
thy brother.’ Think of it, ‘But I say unto you that ye resist not evil.’
Think of it!— all. of the morals of the world, in one line! ‘ Whatso-
ever ye would that men should do to you, do ye,’ — how simple! how
lofty! ‘do ye even so to them.’ And, first, seek righteousness:
“ All schools of thought, all human teaching, must begin and end
here. I would rather stand on this spot, than in any hall on earth.
Confucius, Buddha, Plato, art, letters, science, are all transcended
here! Let us sing together, ‘Memories of Galilee.†It is an Ameri-
can song!â€
Ha a
MOORISH WOMAN.
VENICE TO THURINGIA. 183
Our travellers made a short journey to Akka, where they waited
a ship for the Eastern ports. They had talked over what they
had seen.
“The day on the Horns of Hattin is the one event of all our
journey,†said Mr. Davidson.
“What place would you next most wish to see?†asked his sons.
“ Zurich,†he said; “for that city is associated with the lives of two
men whose teachings of methods is, in my view, best fitted to carry
out the principles of the Sermon on the Mount; I mean Pestalozzi
and Froebel. Zurich has been the starting point of many great
events of history; but in its schoolmasters, it is one of the home cities
of all the world. | Pestalozzi was born there; Froebel lived there;
and there is the place from which to visit Thuringia and other places
of Switzerland and Germany associated with their works. Their
system of education is simply the putting into common life the
teachings of the Mount of the Beatitudes.â€
Our travellers next went to Alexandria, and thence to Cairo. We
have described the land of the Pyramids in another volume. They
returned to Alexandria for Venice. They next went to Zurich.
The Canton of Zurich has a population of less than three hundred
thousand. The Lake of Zurich penetrates the lofty hills for a
distance of some twenty-six miles. Zurich the city, the capital of
the canton, is one of the most prosperous places in Switzerland.
The canton and its capital are almost ideal democracies. The
mechanics are among the best educated working-people of Europe.
The idea of religious freedom may be said to have had its beginning
here in Zwingli, who was among the first to declare that a man’s
conscience should be left free. The great discourse that places
Zwingli among the progressive thinkers of the world was delivered
in the Cathedral of Zurich, on January 1, 1519.
Democratic ideas found their earliest development in the world’s
184 ZIGZAG ¥OURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
ZURICH.
history, in practical and progressive form, at Zurich. The principles
of universal education as the right of the people, and true protection
of the state, were here first developed. Here lived for a part of his
life Pestalozzi, who taught that all people should be educated, and
that the purpose of education should be character. Froebel was
his pupil-disciple, and evolved his principles in the system of primary
education known as Kindergarten. Froebel lived in Thuringia, and
began his system at Marienthal. This part of Switzerland and
Germany was the early home of those ideas and principles that have
found so large an expression in the Western world. American
republics, and especially that of the United States, are Zurich ex-
panded. But America has widely departed from the educational
principles of these great founders of a true system. To teach a man
BRAZILIAN INDIANS.
go
VENICE TO THURINGIA. 187
how to profit by others’ losses, and to rise by others’ falls, or to enrich
himself any way by a cunning brain at the expense of others, was
no part of the educational purpose of Pestalozzi.
The canton abounds with anecdotes of ‘these great educators,
and is itself an example of what true education may accomplish.
THE WAD, ZURICH.
In these mountain regions of Switzerland, the torch of Liberty was
lighted, and given to Education to guard and to carry forward to the
world. Virtue, liberty, education, and progress have here found
congenial soil. Whatever the imagination can conceive, or the soul
desire, that may be accomplished, has been the spirit and teaching
of these mountain-walled valleys; and the humble disciples of this
thought have wrought wonders in the world. Think, for example,
of simple-minded Froebel, and the influence of his thought and
methods in the single republic of Brazil!
The old German school-masters were a story-loving people;
stories were with them the parables of life. In a former volume,
we gave the story, with a curious illustration, of the “ Grinding over
“Young.†In this story, old men came to a wonderful mill, and took
188 ZIGZAG FOURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
some magic medicine, and descended into a funnel, and were ground
_ over,.and came out of the hopper young men, where maidens awaited
them to wed them, and to lead them into a new and a happier life.
_ The German story is more curious. It runs thus, or somewhat
after this manner: —
THE MAGIC MILL.
THERE were wonderful things in the forest of Thuringia: Fairy circles;
people who were helped by good angels; people who could bring good
luck.
One day, many, many centuries ago, an old woman, wandering about for
sticks, discovered a very curious mill on one of the streams.
She went to the miller.
“O miller, miller, what is the meaning of this mill? There is nothing
here to grind.â€
““Good woman, good woman, I grind over old women young.â€
“© miller, miller, do you tell me that ?â€
“Yes, yes, good woman. When I grind the birds all sing. You can hear
them now.â€
“Yes; I hear the birds all singing. Does it not hurt an old woman like
me to be ground over young?â€
“No; the good woman, having signed the paper of good character, goes
up the steps to the funnel, drops her crutch, and falls in. Then the fairy of the
forest comes, and turns the crank, and the wheels go round and round; and
every time they go round they take off a year. She goes in at seventy
years of age, and comes out at twenty, all rosy and blooming.â€
“But some old women that I have met would not wish to be young again.
What comes of the years that are gone?â€
“ Chaff.â€
“ And what comes of all the things one-has done?â€
“ Chaff.â€
“And friends one has known?â€
“Chat:
“And love?â€
“Air.†;
“ And lost ones?â€
“ Ashes.â€
WARRIORS OF THE AMAZON.
THE. MAGIC. MILL. . Ig!
“ And what one has earned?â€
“One earns nothing that can repay the loss of youth.â€
‘“Miller, miller, you are right; I would be young again. The brier
bloomed when I was young. The stars hung low.â€
“Yes; the world is all new when one is young.â€
“My bones did not ache then.â€
“No, my good woman; and your heart did not ache then.â€
“ And I ate, and my food was good.â€
“ And you slept, and your sleep was good.â€
‘“O miller, miller, am glad that I have found the mill! I will go away
and tell all the old women about it; but I will come back again.â€
“When?â€
“ Soon — what is the toll?â€
“Vou must sign a paper.â€
“T do not sign away my soul, do I?â€
“No, no; the mill is no evil enchantment. It is a good paper that you
must sign. It merely shows that you are worthy to be ground over young.
It is only good wheat that makes good meal. We only grind good meal at
this mill. When we grind, the flowers bloom, and the birds sing, the moon
laughs, and Nature has a holiday.â€
“T will publish the news everywhere; and, my good miller, you may be
sure that I will come back again, and I will bring a great company of old
women with me. The birds will sing; the flowers bloom; the moon laugh;
and Nature will have a holiday.â€
The old woman travelled through Thuringia, and as often as she met
another old woman she said, —
“ Let me tell you the strangest thing in all the world! I’ve found a mill
in the forest, where old people are ground over young. Come with me and be
ground. The birds will sing; the flowers will bloom; the moon will laugh;
and Nature will have a holiday.â€
She induced a great company of old women to follow her. Some were
partly blind; some were crooked; some were lame, —but all were filled with
delight that they would be ground over young again.
The great company of old women came at last to the mill.
“O miller, miller,†said the first old lady, “I have returned, and brought
all these with me. Turn, turn thy mill! We have all come to be ground.â€
And the miller said: ‘“O birds, sing; O flowers, bloom; O moon, laugh;
O Nature, prepare for a holiday!â€
192. ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
The mill began to turn, the birds to sing, and the flowers to bloom.
“ You must first sign this paper,†said the miller, to the company.
“Why ?†asked they all.
“So as to make good meal.â€
“Read the paper,†said the first old woman.
So the miller read the paper.
It said: “J promise to confess on the steps of the mill the three things in my
heart that I have been concealing from the world.â€
“No,†said the first old woman. ,
‘““ No,†said the second old woman.
“No,†said the third old woman.
“No,†said they all.
““Then you cannot be ground,†said the miller. ‘‘ That which one conceals
ought not to have been; it makes bad meal. This is a fairy mill, and we only
make good meal here. The grain must be winnowed. Confession is the win-
nowing.†,
“TJ do not want to be winnowed,†said the first old woman. ‘I would die
first.â€
“JT do not want to be winnowed,†said the second old woman.
“Nor J,†said the third.
So said they all.
‘‘Then go home,†said the miller, sorrowfully. “« We do not grind chaff
here; and there are enough mean people in the world now.â€
The old women departed, shaking their heads.
“ The birds may sing, the flowers bloom, the moon laugh, and Nature have
a holiday, or not,†said the first old woman; “ but I never will tell quite all
I know. I must go on to the end, chaff and all.â€
They all died, chaff and all. And as often as the bell tolled for these un-
happy old women, the birds sang, the flowers bloomed, the moon laughed, and
Nature took a holiday.
The mill is there still, and the miller has not much to do.
CHAPTER. 12:
WALHALLA (REGENSBURG). — THE MIDNIGHT SUN.
As
Si—qQ HE Walhalla, or Valhalla, of myth was the heaven
(Pe~\| of heroes, the Hall of the Fallen, the immortal
~ abode of the heroic and brave. According to the
ancient German songs, the Valkyrias, or battle
maidens, deliver the death lots of the heroes. These
shield-maidens are beautiful young women who,
glittering with gold and shining armour, ride through the air, and
obey the commands of Odin. They come in an advent of bright
light; their lances are radiant. They delight in the death of those
who fall in-honour, and lead the fallen in triumph to Walhalla, where
they act as cup-bearers.
The Hall of Walhalla, or of the Worhice. was a part of the House
of Joy, in front of which rose a golden grove. The hall was so high —
that the top of it could not be seen; it had five hundred and forty
doors, through which eight hundred inmates could pass abreast. Here
came the fallen heroes to Odin. ‘The heroes of the past rose up to
meet them.
(ay
a "
As kings were heaven-appointed, they all came to Walhalla,
whether they died in battle or not.
Odin, the high god, lived on wine, and gave common food to the
wolves. The shades of the heroes fought a battle every morning;
many of them were wounded, but their wounds healed at noon. As
the Persian Paradise is associated with life among beautiful women,
13
194 ZIGZAG FOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD.
A STREET IN RATISBON.
and is a low conception of the soul, so this heaven is a place of ‘war,
and is a barbarous view of a future life.
But Walhalla stood for bravery and honour. This view of German
mythology led Ludwig I. of Bavaria to erect a Temple of Fame at
Ratisbon (Regensburg) on the Danube, near Munich, in 1830-41,
to the worthy names in German history; and he called it Walhalla,
or the Hall of the Worthies. It stands on a hill overlooking the
Danube. It is in dimensions a counterpart of the Greek. Parthenon.
It is built of. marble, and cost 2,330,000 florins. It illustrates the
heroic history of all Germany in statues, busts, and tablets. It stands
apart from the city, and presents a most lofty and majestic appear-—
ance as seen from afar.
AM
i i a i
THE PINACOTHEK.
WALHALLA. |. 197
Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is the art city of Germany, and
one of the greatest of the art cities in the world. It is situated on
a plain high above the sea, and has about two hundred thousand
inhabitants; below it rolls the Iser. It has forty-two churches, some
Ube .
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Hevea
THE WALHALLA.
of which are treasures of art. King Ludwig I. gave his whole soul
to the improvement and adornment of the city.
In the suburb of Maximilian is the old Pinakothek, a grand
picture-gallery containing three. hundred thousand engravings, and
very numerous and valuable works of art, and, opposite to it, the new
Pinakothek. devoted to the works of recent artists. The Glyptothek,
another art palace, is assigned to sculpture.
198 ZIGZAG FÂ¥OURNEVS AROUND THE WORLD.
The library of Munich is one of the richest in the world. The
public houses are colossal. A liberal and literary spirit presides
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INTERIOR OF THE WALHALLA.
over the place; the soul of Ludwig makes its presence still felt
everywhere.
The gates of the city are noble; and, among such adornments, the