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AQUAPHYTE Online

Volume 16 Number 2 Winter 1996


Center for Aquatic Plants
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida
7922 N.W. 71st Street
Gainesville, Florida 32653
352-392-1799


with support from
The Florida Department of Environmental
Protection,
Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Waterways Experiment Station,
Aquatic Plant Control Research Program


Contents

About AQUAPHYTE
You Have Been Deleted!
Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management
Form for: AQUAPHYTE Subscription Renewal and The Database of Personnel in Aquatic
Plant Research and Management

A View on Melaleuca...from Down Under by Tim Low, Queensland, Australia
Environmental Professionals To Be Licensed?

How To Download Search Results From The APIRS Database
We are looking for plant material to draw!
Coloring Page
Have Camera--Will Travel

4-H Wetlands Programs
APROPOS Strategy Planner
Aquatic Plant Handbook Needs Authors
Aauatic Exotic News--Hvdrilla in Connecticut




. Prohibited Aquatic Plants Out and About?
. America's Least Wanted--Alien Species Invasions of U.S. Ecosystems
. The Uncontrolled Growth of Azolla in the Guadiana River (Portugal)

. Aquatic Plant Drawings Package for Sale

* The Electronic Media Review Page

GETTING TO KNOW THE NATIVES

Spin-the-Wheel Bladderworts
by Kathy Craddock Burks, Botanist

. MEETINGS

. BOOKS/REPORTS

. FROM THE DATABASE
a sampling of new additions to the APIRS database


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copyright (C) 1997 University of Florida
Revised: January 1997





About Aquaphyte



This is the newsletter of the Center for Aquatic Plants and the Aquatic and Wetland
Plant Information Retrieval System (APIRS) of the University of Florida Institute
of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). Support for the information system is
provided by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Aquatic Plant Control Research
Program (APCRP), the St. Johns River Water Management District and UF/IFAS.

EDITORS:
Victor Ramey
Karen Brown

AQUAPHYTE is sent to more than 6,500 managers, researchers, and agencies in
87 countries. Comments, announcements, news items and other information relevant
to aquatic plant research are solicited.

Inclusion in AQUAPHYTE does not constitute endorsement, nor does exclusion
represent criticism of any item, organization, individual, or institution by the
University of Florida.



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Copyright 1997 University of Florida
March 10, 1997





You Have Been Deleted!


As of this issue, EVERYBODY on the AQUAPHYTE mailing list has been deleted,
whether this is your first issue or your thirtieth. (Regular purging of our mailing lists
is required by the government.)

If you want to continue receiving the printed version of AQUAPHYTE, you must
contact us in writing, through regularmail or via E-mail, verifying your name and
mailing address. Please see pages 14 and 15.

There is an alternative. You do not have to re-subscribe to the printed version of
AQUAPHYTE and can simply read (andprint, if you want to) the online version of
this newsletter. In fact, we would prefer that you read it online rather than expectan
expensive printed version delivered by mail. Online AQUAPHYTE is accessible
through the APIRS Internet Web site at http://aquatl.ifas.ufl.edu/

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December 1996




Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management



Please look at the form further down this page. This form has two purposes.

First, as you read from the article on page one, your name has been deleted from the AQUAPHYTE
mail lists. If you wish to receive future issues of this newsletter, you must re-subscribe in writing, by mail
or E-mail. The form below will do. Print it out, fill it in and send it to us.

Second, in conjunction with the Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., APIRS is compiling a database
of people throughout the world who work with aquatic plants, particularly in research and management.
This database will be available on-line from our WWW site to provide a referral service which can
be searched by country, plant species, field of expertise, etc. This database will be especially useful for
anyone seeking assistance with a particular plant or needing contacts in a specific country.

If you would like to be included in this database, please complete and return the form, omitting
any information that you do not want included in the database. Return the form or its copy to APIRS,
Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST, Gainesville, FL 32653, or E-mail its equivalent to:
CAIP-WEBSITE(adufl.edu



** PRIZE TICKET! *

Names of all respondents to this questionnaire will be entered into a drawing on 15 July 1997.
The winner will receive a complete set of the Journal of Aquatic Plant Management from 1962 to 1996.



The Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc.

The Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., (APMS) is an international, professional organization
of scientists, educators, administrators, and concerned individuals interested in the management and control
of aquatic plants. The membership reflects a diverse collection of federal, state, and local
agencies; researchers and students from universities and colleges around the world; corporations;
commerical plant managers; and others dedicated to promoting research and sharing information about
aquatic plants and the technology of aquatic plant management.

Originally named The Hyacinth Control Society, Inc. when formed in 1961, APMS has evolved into
a respected source of expertise in the aquatics field. The Society has grown to include several regional or
state chapters within the US, and through these affiliates, annual meetings, newsletters, and the Journal
of Aquatic Plant Management, members keep abreast of the latest developments in aquatic plant
ecology, physiology, and biological, mechanical, chemical, and integrated methods of aquatic
plant management.

APMS membership dues: Active $35.00; Student $5.00; Subscriptions available.
If you would like further information about how to join this international society, please check the space
at the bottom of the form.



The following is a dual purpose form. Please check one or both:


For AQUAPHYTE Subscription Renewal


(free of charge)




For The Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management (free of charge)

Return this form or copy to: APIRS, Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST, Gainesville, FL 32653-
3071. Or the equivalent E-mail to: CAIP-WEBSITE(TAufl.edu

Title
a n d N a m e :...............................................................................................................................................................................

A d d r e s s :...................................................................................................................................................................................






Telephone:..................................................
T elep h o n e:F....................................... ................... ..................... ... .... .... ..... .



F m ail: .. ... ...................... ............................................... ...



WWW/
In te rn et S ite :.........................................................................................................................................................................

Y o u r L a n g u a g e s :....................................................................................................................................................................

Fields of Expertise: (please check as many as are appropriate) APM = Aquatic Plant Management.


Algae Macrophytes Invertebrates
Fisheries Other fauna Limnology
Large lakes (> 10 ha) Small lakes and ponds Rivers and streams
Canals Wetlands Estuaries
Education Researcher Research Technician
Student Information/library Aquatic ecology
Plant physiology Plant taxonomy Ecosystem studies

Photography/illustrations Surveying/mapping Public health
methodologies
Engineering Aquatic plant production/nursery Aquascaping/mitigation
APM regulation/permitting APM equipment production/sales APM program administration
APM field supervision APM field operations/Technician APM Mechanical
APM Herbicides APM Blocontrol fish APM Biocontrol other vertebrates
APM Biocontrol-
invertebratesocontrol APM Blocontrol pathogens Aquatic plant utilization


Countries in which you have used
your
e x p e r tis e : .......................................................................................................................................... .....................................

Plant species with which you are
most
fa m ilia r : .............................................................................................................................................. ...................................

Employer: (please check as many as are appropriate)


International agency National State government Local government
government
Private business Research institution Educational institution Regulatory agency
Direct APMConsultants gEquipment/Herbicide Retired
services Mfg





If you would like further information about how to join the Aquatic Plant Management Society,
please check here:




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December 1996




A View on Melaleuca...


From Down Under


by Tim Low, Queensland, Australia

Very few Australians realise that our paperbark tea tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
has become a weed in Florida. In Australia, it is a well known tree often planted in
parks. It is also an important source of honey to beekeepers, and the bark is
sometimes gathered to line plant pots, and to make bark "paintings".

The paperbark is a very successful tree in temperate eastern Australia. In pre-
European times it formed vast forests on coastal swampy land. It replaces eucalypts
on seasonally-inundated alluvial soil, forming monotypic forests or woodlands. It
also grows within swamps and along the banks of streams in the lower reaches of
catchments.

Paperbark forests are not a diverse habitat. Often there are no other tree species
present. Where the ground is slightly elevated, eucalypts grow as emergents,
especially the forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), and also the swamp
mahogany (Lophostemon suaveolens). Where the soil becomes saline, paperbarks
are replaced by swamp oak (Casuarina glauca).

In paperbark forests, the ground cover is usually blady grass (Imperata cylindrica).
This grass is very widely distributed in Australia, Asia, and Africa, and it has spread
to the United States to become a serious weed. Very few shrubs grow within
paperbark forests, and only one vine is common, strawpod (Parsonia straminea).

The fauna of paperbark forests is limited. Frogs are usually well-represented by
about 8-12 species, and these are preyed upon by the keelback (Tropidonophis
mairii), a harmless colubrid snake sometimes found in large numbers. Kangaroos
and wallabies are largely confined to areas supporting blady grass (Imperata
cylindrica), or other palatable species. Paperbarks do not develop hollow limbs so
they do not provide shelter for possums, gliders, parrots, and other hole-nesting




birds. These species will occur where emergent eucalypts are present, but a
monotypic stand of paperbarks is very poor habitat for mammals and most birds.

Paperbarks flower prolifically and the blossoms attract large numbers of nectar-
feeding birds and bats. The birds include several species of honey eater and lorikeet,
and there are four species of temperate nectar-feeding bat, ranging in weight from
15 grams up to a kilogram. When a paperbark forest is in bloom, it becomes very
noisy, with squawking birds by day, and squabbling bats by night. Feral and
domesticated honeybees take much of the honey and nectar. Most of the coastal
paperbark forests were cleared in the past for pasture. The remaining stands are
threatened by real estate development. In Brisbane, Australia's third largest city, the
conservation of remaining paperbarks has become a conservation issue. The
Brisbane City Council opposed development of one paperbark stand as a shopping
centre, and the site has now become a bushland park called Deagon Wetlands.

In a recent book, Wild Places of Greater Brisbane (1996), Brisbane City Council
Officer Stephen Poole had this to say about Deagon: "Paperbark forest has the
highest loss rate and is under the most threat of any vegetation type in South-East
Queensland. This, and its relatively undisturbed nature, make the Deagon Wetlands
one of the most important bushland sites within the metropolitan area. The wetlands
are administered by Brisbane City Council as a Conservation Reserve, specifically
established to protect this fast disappearing habitat."

Paperbarks germinate prolifically and grow quickly, and when given the chance,
they soon reclaim cleared swampy ground. The species remains very common on
disturbed swampy land despite the broad-scale clearing of the past. It is the habitat
type that is under threat, not the species.

Paperbark remnants are very prone to weed invasion. On one side of the Deagen
Wetlands, adjacent to housing, a wide range of garden plants is invading the forest,
by courtesy of garden dumping. The worst invader is probably groundsel bush
(Baccharis halimifolia), a declared noxious weed originally introduced from North
America as an ornamental. Another weed is broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus
terebinthifolius), which forms a tall shrub layer along swampy watercourses. This
shrub or small tree is widely grown as an ornamental, and its spread as a weed
appears to be relatively recent. I have seen lorikeets eating the fruits and birds are
apparently spreading the seeds. Another invasive weed is morning glory (Ipomoea




indica).


I am aware that Australian insects have been introduced to Florida in a bid to control
the spread of melaleuca. I would question whether this is likely to succeed.
Melaleucas in Australia are attacked by a very large number of insects yet they still
grow naturally in vast monocultures, representing one of the most common trees in
the region. In pre-European times it was almost certainly the most common tree
along the coastal strip of southern Queensland and northern New South Wales.
From the few pictures I have seen, the paperbark forests of Florida look much like
the paperbark forests here. However, in Australia, the insect predators are heavily
controlled by parasites, and perhaps by birds. For example, the larvae and eggs of
the pergid sawfly (Lophyrotoma zonalis) which is being studied for possible
introduction into Florida, are heavily parasitised in Australia. One can only hope
that in Florida, free from their controlling agents in Australia, the insects will be
dramatically successful in controlling Melaleuca.



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Environmental Professionals To Be Licensed?


Should "environmental professionals" be regulated and licensed by the state in the
same way that other professionals are, such as engineers, surveyors, geologists and
bankers? The Florida Association of Environmental Professionals, the Florida Lake
Management Society, and other organizations think so. They have formed a
coalition to file a bill with the Florida Legislature for consideration in its spring
1997 session. Four years in the writing, the bill would require anyone whowants to
"practice environmental management" (make ecological predictions or
environmental determinations) to have license, or to work under the guidance of
someone who does. Owners and managers of private companies that
offerenvironmental services in the state would be affected. Government workers in
general would be exempted, "provided theirwork is reviewed and/or prepared under
the supervision of a licensed environmental professional". The management
ofagricultural and aquacultural resources are exempt.

According to the bill, a licensee must provide proof of "having earned a four-year
college degree in one of the environmental management sciences", "having
completed a minimum of 5 accumulative years of experience" and "having met the
continuing education requirements." A "grandfather clause" is included in the bill,
which allows some applicants to substitute experience for a degree in environmental
management.

Licensure is a good idea, according to Dr. Tom Cuba, because the general public
needs more assurance that reliable ecological decisions are made and that
environmental professionals are more liable for their actions; and because there is
"too much tax money wasted" on and environmental damage caused by bad
environmental management advice and activities. Cuba is the Executive Director of
the Environmental ProfessionalsAction Coalition, a lobbying organization that has
been shepherding the bill.

As of now, according to Cuba, only British Columbia requires licensing of




itsenvironmental professionals. However, five states are monitoring the progress
ofFlorida's bill. "I am very optimistic that it will pass this spring," says Cuba. He
isinterested in comments and suggestions: Dr Tom Cuba, Delta Seven, Box 54697,
St. Petersburg, FL 33739 (813/532-0709). V.R.

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APIRS UPDATE
How To Download Search Results From The APIRS
Database



These are instructions as to how remote users can download search results from the
APIRS database. First, be sure to follow the new "log on" instructions to be found
on the database page of our Web site: http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/database.html
http://150.176.214.125

Here is the solution for downloading to your computer the results of a database
search. (This would be much easier if APIRS could afford a $17,000 software
interface, but this works.) For example, suppose you did the following search, and
you want the results at your computer so that you can print them out on your printer.

At the search screen, suppose your search was: eichhornia$ and biogass$ or
methan$)
The number of "hits" for this query comes to 170 documents, and you want to look
at them at your leisure. For demonstration purposes, let's call this printout biogass".

1) You have completed your search of the database, and you are at a blank "Enter
search request [Options]" line. Press return. Also press return after each of the
following actions.

2) You are at the "Options" screen. Choose "R" to "Redirect documents".

3) The full pathname to type here will be: /usr/guest/biogas (Note the direction of
the "/"--make sure it's right.)

4) Enter your selection [F]: f


5) Enter documents for redirect: all




6) Press return when prompted.


7) You are back at the search screen. Follow instructions to log off (and quit the
database).

8) Quit your telnet program (your "terminal session").

9) Start your FTP program.

10) Using FTP commands, you will transfer your search file (in this example,
biogass") from the database computer to your computer. FTP programs are
different; some require FTP commands, some use easy menu choices. For those
that require FTP commands:

11) At "ftp" prompt, type: ftp plants.ifas.ufl.edu (Note that there is a single space
between "ftp" and "plants")

12) At user, type: guest

13) At password, type: datalist4

14) At "ftp" prompt, type: get /usr/guest/biogas c:\mydirectory\biogas
(Note that 1) there is a single space between "get" and "/usr..."and between biogass"
and "c:\my...", and 2) "mydirectory" is the name of the directory on your computer
where you want the search file to go.)

15) After transfer, at "ftp" prompt, type: bye

16) Quit FTP

17) Start word processor; load biogass" file. (You may have to convert the file to
ASCII (DOS) Text or some other compatible format for your word processing
program.)

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We are looking for plant material to draw!



If you have an aquatic or wetland plant specimen that you need a botanically
accurate drawing of, please send it to APIRS. We will make the drawing, send you a
free reproduction of it, and include the drawing in our line-drawings package. (See
elsewhere in AQUAPHYTE Online for the list of plants already drawn.)

Please contact Vic Ramey at APIRS for more information: CAIP-
WEBSITE(ufl.edu or 352/392-1799.

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December 1996





Coloring Page To Be Shown On The

Internet



Uncolored copies of the line drawing shown below (of a Florida scene by Ann
Murray) are available for free and ready to color. Send the colored pictures to
APIRS and we will display them on our Web site for all to enjoy. (Because of
technical considerations, you cannot download this line drawing from the Internet:
you must contact APIRS for free 8" X 10" copies, or you may photocopy the
drawing which is included in the latest printed issue (Winter, 1996) of
AQUAPHYTE.)

Plants depicted include cattail (Typha), fire flag (Thalia), duck potato (Sagittaria),
lotus (Nelumbo), water lily (Nymphaea), red ludwigia (Ludwigia), blue flag (Iris),
smartweed (Polygonum), bur reed (Sparganium), and tape grass (Vallisneria).


Here are some colorings received so far.




































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December 1996





Have Camera--Will Travel


The APIRS office has made some thirty video programs about aquatic plants and
the management of aquatic and wetland ecosystems. If you have anything to do with
the study and management of freshwater ecosystems, you likely have seen some of
our videos: plant ID; aquatic plant management; lake eutrophication; environmental
careers...

We now stand ready to make more.

If you have ideas for video programs that should be made about freshwater
environments, and have the necessary funding to act, consider contacting the
Information Office of the Center for Aquatic Plants of the University of Florida. If
you have the necessary funding to act but have no ready ideas, again, please
consider contacting the Information Office of the Center for Aquatic Plants of the
University of Florida. We have a list of video ideas and treatments about the
functioning and management of aquatic and wetland ecosystems, for audiences
ranging from middle-school children to lakeside homeowners to environmental
management personnel.

Call Vic Ramey, Information Office, Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST,
Gainesville, FL 32653-3071. Phone: 352/392-1799; E-mail: CAIP-WEBSITE(ufl.
edu



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December 1996





4-H Wetlands Program


St. Lucie County 4-H realizes the importance of Florida's wetlands. A
wetlands 4-H school enrichment program was developed by 4-H Agriculture Agent
Susan Munyan and 4-H Program Assistant Debbie McNeill to bring appreciation
and understanding of our wetlands to students. In the classroom, 4th and 5th grade
students learn what a wetland is, some of the different forms of wetlands, and
typical wetland plants and animals.

The program is concluded with a wetlands field trip that tests their classroom
studies. Students visit several natural and man-made wetlands. Using the University
of Florida produced "Aquatic Plant Identification Deck", teams of students are asked
to identify plants and signs of wildlife found in the wetlands. This team approach
encourages students to collectively use their wetlands knowledge.

Through classroom and hands-on experience, 795 students are to be an interactive
part of the St. Lucie County 4-H wetlands program. These students will be able to
determine a wetland by the plants and animals found. Students also begin to
understand the significance of Florida's wetlands to the environment.




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December 1996





APROPOS



APROPOS the aquatic plant management strategy planner is under development
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and needs "beta testers". This is "a computer -
assisted tool to help the aquatic plant manager integrate all the information available
for developing management plans." The main menu will allow the user to access a
planner, as well as literature databases, simulation tools, field techniques toolbox,
control technique toolbox, database menu, and, of course, a "help menu". If you are
interested in testing and commenting on APROPOS, contact John Madsen (E-mail:
madsenj@exl.wes.army.mil; (214/436-2215)) or Bob Gunkel (E-mail:
gunkelr@exl.wes.army.mil; (601/634-3722)).

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Handbook Needs Authors


The Handbook of Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Caribbean and Bahamas
Islands is being coordinated by Drs. Rodulio Caudales and Efren Vega of the
University of Botswana. They have put out a request for scientists interested in
writing sections on various families of plants. For more information, contact Dr.
Rodulio Caudales, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone,
BOTSWANA; E-mail: caudales@noka.ub.bw

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Aquatic Exotic News--Hydrilla in Connecticut



The Fall 1996 issue of Aquatic Exotics News includes an account of the spread of
Hydrilla verticillata into New England. Prof. Donald Les discovered the federally
prohibited plant densely grown to the surface in a Connecticut pond. Les was lead to
the site when he happened to recognize an error in a herbarium record: what Les
recognized as hydrilla had been misidentified by the herbarium in 1989 as Egeria
densa. Thus, hydrilla was introduced to Connecticut at least seven years ago.

Aquatic Exotics News is the newsletter of the Northeast (USA) Sea Grant Network
at the University of Connecticut at Avery Point. Ms. Nancy Balcom edits the 4-8
page newsletter, and it is published twice a year. The latest issue included the report
cited above, as well as a zebra mussel update from Vermont; a notice about the
"storm drain stencil program" in Connecticut and purple loosestrife publications;
and information about upcoming lake management meetings.

For information on subscribing to Aquatic Exotics News, contact Nancy Balcom,
Connecticut Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, University of Connecticut, 1084
Shennecossett Rd., Groton, CT 06340-6097.

Aquatic Exotics News and other information from the Connecticut Sea Grant
Program also may be accessed on the World Wide Web at: http://www.ucc.uconn.
edu/~wwwsgo

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Prohibited Aquatic Plants Out and About?



In an effort to not curtail the sale of commercially valuable plant species, the Florida
Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management, is
revising its Florida Administrative Code, Rule 62C52 on Aquatic Plant Importation,
Transportation, Non-Nursery Cultivation, Possession and Collection, to allow the
sale of prohibited aquatic plant material proven to be non-viable. Commercial uses
for prohibited plants include selling the bright red berries of Brazilian pepper,
Schinus terebinthifolius, as ornamentals at Christmas. The berries are sterilised
using heat and methyl bromide fumigation treatments. The new rule will allow
permits for the collection, transportation and sale of the berries providing collection
and transportation methods are secure against accidental dispersal and the plant
material is proven to be sterile.

The rule change was considered partly in response to complaints from commercial
growers and members of Florida's Asian community who have shown a strong
desire to grow water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica. Water spinach is widely grown and
eaten as a vegetable in Vietnam and other areas in Asia. It repeatedly has been
found growing illegally in Florida waterbodies and commercial nurseries, and being
sold in Asian food markets. Growers in Hillsborough County signed a legal consent
order agreeing to destroy their crops if inspectors could obtain a positive
identification of the plant by a third party. Dr. Dan Austin, a botanist with the
University of South Florida, grew plant samples to the flowering stage and verified
that they were indeed Ipomoea aquatica. Under the new rule, permit applications
would be evaluated based on the demonstrated non-viability of the plant material.
Research is now underway at the University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research
and Education Center, on methods of rendering Ipomoea aquatica non-viable,
possibly using irradiation. If this is accomplished to the satisfaction of DEP,
growers may begin cultivating water spinach under quarantine conditions.

Another product which so far has been allowed is the sale of Hydrilla verticillata in
powdered, capsuled form. (In Florida, the powdered material is made from hydrilla




which has been mechanically harvested and left on the banks of Lake Seminole, so
the plant is not being cultivated.) The product is billed as "100% Hydrilla, a unique,
wild harvested' freshwater herb, the most recently discovered antioxidant,
phytonutrient, complex enzyme, whole food concentrate, a muscle builder, energy
enhancer, nutrient provider, anti-arthritic, free radical scavenger, with applications
for stress management, skin disorders and age associated diseases..." The product's
purveyors also claim that hydrilla "helps control toxic reactions caused by drugs and
chemical exposures from our diet and environment." Meanwhile, hydrilla is the
number one aquatic weed problem in the state of Florida, with approximately 13
million dollars allocated for its control during the 1996-1997 fiscal year. Ninety
capsules retail for about $36.00. Step right up, folks! K.B.



Florida bills and legislation may be viewed on the WWW. For bills profiled for
the 1997 session, substitute "1997" for "1996".

House: http://www.scri.fsu.edu/fla-leg/bill-info/1996/house index.html

Senate: http://www.scri.fsu.edu/fla-leg/bill-info/1996/senate index.html



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December 1996





America's Least Wanted --


Alien Species Invasions of U.S. Ecosystems



This report and video about non-native plants and animals by The Nature
Conservancy declares that "an invasion is underway that is undermining our nation's
economy and endangering our most precious natural treasures." The organization
claims that "just 79 of them have cost the U.S. economy $97 billion in direct losses
from 1906 to 1991."

The report profiles "the dirty dozen of the least wanted", exotic species that
exemplify the range of problems caused by exotic species. Included is information
about the species (including range maps), the problems caused by them, and things
individuals can do to stop them. The dirty dozen are:

1) Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
2) Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria
3) Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris
4) Tamarisk Tamarix species
5) Rosy wolfsnail Euglandina rosea
6) Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula
7) Green crab Carcinus maenas
8) Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata
9) Balsam wooly adelgid Adelges piceae
10) Miconia Miconia calvescens
11) Chinese tallow Sapium sebiferum
12) Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis

The report and video are available from: The Nature Conservancy
Communications Department 1815 North Lynn Street Arlington, VA 22209-2003
(703/841-8745)


It is also available at http://www.tnc.org/science/library








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The Uncontrolled Growth of Azolla in the Guadiana
River


by Francisco Carrapito*, M.H. Costa, M.L. Costa, G. Teixeira, A.A. Frazao, M.C.R.
Santos, M.V. Baioa *Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciencias da
Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: F.
Carrapico(acc.fc.ul.pt
Also, see The Azolla Page at http://skull.cc.fc.ul.pt/~bfcarrap/Main Azolla.html

The Guadiana River is an international one that has its spring in Spain (Campo
Montiel) and its mouth between Ayamonte and Vila Real de Santo Antonio
(Algarve, Portugal). The basin area of the river is about 67,000 km2, of which
12,000 km2 are in Portuguese territory. In 1990-1993, southern Portugal
experienced low rainfall with long dry seasons. This factor, combined with several
dams along the river, caused low water flow during 1993. In addition, farming and
industrial activity in the upper area of the Guadiana, together with untreated
domestic effluents from several towns and villages, contributed to organic
contamination of the Guadiana River that year. Lower flows (3.64 1.13 m3/s) also
promoted higher nutrient concentrations. Maximum Azolla growth requires a
phosphorus level of over 0.4 mg/L. At different river sites during the first months of
1993, the phosphorous levels changed, with maximum concentration values in April
between 5.36 and 0.63 mg/L P. In April 1993, a massive Azolla fern bloom occurred.



























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Azolla caroliniana normally exists in small channels or in restricted zones of the

upper Guadiana River. In the lower Guadiana River, the bloom was composed of

Azollafiliculoides. The number of sporulated plants in 1993 was 675%. This fact,

associated with the high nutrient concentration in the river, allowed the fern to

expand into new areas, ending with the explosive bloom observed in 1993. In some

areas, Azolla covered the surface for several kilometres along the river. The

situation was the worst near the village of M,rtola and produced panic among the

population, especially the fishing community. Fishing was difficult and the fish

caught could not be sold due to local suspicion that it was poisoned.




The explosive growth of the Azolla represented the first occurrence in Portugal of

such a large scale uncontrolled growth of this fern in a river. As a consequence,

governmental authorities took a special interest. Aerial photographs of the river

were taken to document the extent of the coverage and military forces were brought

in to control and isolate the area. The situation grew into a national event with

intense media coverage. Unfortunately, some of the news reported was incorrect or

exaggerated, contributing to the panic of the population. Decisions by the

government to remove the Azolla were rash and without scientific support. In the

first removal efforts made by the local and military authorities, large amounts of the

fern were harvested and placed on the river banks to dry. A large quantity of




juvenile eels (Anguilla anguilla) were found in the harvested biomass, which was a
cause of great concern. Apparently, the Azolla bloom had coincided with the
migration of juvenile eels in the river. Due to concern that the fern biomas, which
covered large areas of the river, could cause eutrophic conditions, a monitoring
survey of the main water quality parameters was done and the Azolla biomass was
removed in the most problematic areas.

The catastrophic event ended with the closing of the life cycle of Azolla and the
disappearance of its vegetative structure. However, the incident left an important
message for our environmental authorities who need to examine weed management
in Portugal. The way a civil population can react to an unusual ecological situation
and how the media can contribute to the amplification of the situation, perhaps
leading to panic, are important points to be considered for management models
developed in the future. All of these events reinforce our belief that only with
monitoring and prevention, involving central and local authorities with an adequate
environmental education, can we solve future problems like those experienced in
April of 1993.



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Aquatic Plant Drawings Package For Sale



The very popular APIRS aquatic plant line drawings collection is now for sale. As
of December 1996, there are 115 looseleaf pages of drawings in the collection,
which grows monthly. For more information...

1 Freshwater Scenics
2 Illustrated Glossary of plant parts
3 Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed
4 Andropogon glomeratus Bushy beardgrass
5 Arundo donax Giant reed
6 Azolla caroliniana Azolla
7 Bacopa caroliniana Blue-hyssop
8 Bidens laevis Bur-marigold
9 Brachiaria mutica
10 Brasenia schreberi Water shield
11 Cabomba aquatica Fanwort
12 Carex spp. Sedge
13 Carex comosa Sedge
14 Carex glaucescens Sedge
15 Casuarina spp. Australian pine
16 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush
17 Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail
18 Chara spp. Muskgrass
19 Cicuta mexicana Water hemlock
20 Cladium jamaicense Saw-grass
21 Colocasia esculenta Wild Taro
22 Colubrina asiatica
23 Crassula helmsii Swamp stonecrop
24 Cyperus distinctus Flat sedge
25 Cyperus odoratus Flat sedge
26 Decodon verticillatus Swamp loosestrife




27 Dichromena colorata White-top sedge, Star rush
28 Egeria densa
29 Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth
30 Eichhornia crassipes (2nd drawing)
31 Eleocharis baldwinii Slender spikerush
32 Eriocaulon decangulare Pipewort
33 Habenaria blephariglottis White fringed orchid
34 Helianthus angustifolius Narrow-leaf sunflower
35 Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla
36 Hydrilla comparisons: Hydrilla-Elodea-Egeria
37 Hydrocotyle spp.
38 Hygrophila polysperma Hygro
39 Ipomoea aquatica Water spinach
40 Ipomoea fistulosa
41 Juncus effusus Soft rush
42 Juncus elliottii Bogrush
43 Lachnanthes caroliniana Redroot
44 Lagarosiphon spp. African elodea
45 Lemna minor* Duckweed
46 Liatris spicata Blazing star
47 Lilium catesbaei Pine lily
48 Limnobium spongia Frog's bit
49 Limnocharisflava Flowering rush
50 Limnophila sessiliflora Ambulia
51 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal-flower
52 Ludwigia alternifolia Seed-box, Rattle-box
53 Ludwigia peruviana Primrose-willow
54 Ludwigia repens Red ludwigia
55 Luziolafluitans Watergrass
56 Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern
57 Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife
58 Melaleuca quinquenervia Melaleuca
59 Mimosa pigra Giant sensitive plant
60 Monochoria hastata
61 Monochoria vaginalis
62 Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather
63 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Variable-leaf milfoil




64 Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water milfoil
65 Najas guadalupensis Southern naiad
66 Nechamandra alternifolia
67 Nelumbo lutea American lotus
68 Nitella spp. Stonewort
69 Nuphar spp. Cow lily, Spatterdock
70 Nymphaea spp. Water lily
71 Oryza rufipogon Wild red rice
72 Oscillatoria spp.**
73 Oxypolisfiliformis Water dropwort
74 Panicum hemitomon Maidencane
75 Panicum repens Torpedograss
76 Paspalum urvillei Vasey grass
77 Pennisetum purpureum Elephant grass
78 Phragmites australis Common reed
79 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce
80 Polygonum densiflorum Knotweed
81 Polygonum hydropiperoides Smartweed
82 Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed
83 Pontederia rotundifolia Tropical pickerelweed
84 Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois pondweed
85 Potamogeton pusillus
86 Rhynchospora cephalantha Beak rush
87 Rhynchospora inundata Beak rush
88 Ruellia brittoniana
89 Sagittaria lancifolia Duck potato
90 Sagittaria stagnorum
91 Salvinia (S. molesta, S. minima, S. auriculata) Salvinia
92 Salvinia rotundifolia (minima) Salvinia
93 Saururus cernuus Lizard's-tail
94 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper-tree
95 Scirpus californicus Giant bulrush
96 Solanum tampicense Aquatic soda apple
97 Sparganium americanum Bur-reed
98 Sparganium erectum Exotic bur-reed
99 Spirodela polyrhiza* Giant duckweed
100 Spirogyra spp.**




101 Stratiotes aloides Water soldier, Water aloe
102 Thalia geniculata Fire flag
103 Trapa spp. Water chestnut
104 Typha (T. domingensis, T. latifolia) Cattail
105 Ulothrix spp.**
106 Utricularia purpurea Bladderwort
107 Utricularia radiata Bladderwort
108 Vallisneria americana Tapegrass
109 Viola spp. American violet
110 Vossia cuspidata Hippo grass
111 Wolffia spp.* Water-meal
112 Xyris spp. Yellow-eyed grass
113 Zizania aquatica Wild rice
114 Zizaniopsis miliaceae Giant cutgrass

*Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffia on Lemna page
**Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Ulothrix on Spirogyra page

Artists:

Raphael Gottlieb
Jean Putnam Hancock
Laura Line
Ann Murray
Katrina Vitkus


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The Electronic Media Page



CD -- Zebra Mussel Information System--ZMIS

A single CD for Microsoft Windows, produced by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers

This is truly an all-in-one information source about the new scourge of U.S. dams
and other water control operations, recreational areas and ecological zones: zebra
mussels and quagga mussels. In this CD, you'll find well-organized and easy-to-use
interfaces to: larval and adult identification of zebra and quagga mussels, including
many pictures; complete hot-linked text; impacts on industry, recreation and
ecosystems; life history diagrams and text; comparisons to several other species of
mussels; distribution maps over time; risk assessment software; detection and
monitoring systems; management and control options; case studies; molluscicide
issues; hundreds of references according to topic; a separate picture list... The
creators of this CD knew what they were doing. It works.

The authors of this CD are working on two more: Aquatic Plant Information System
(APIS), ID information on 60 aquatic plants, including biocontrol information on 18
of them; and the Noxious and Nuisance Plant Management Information System
(PMIS), ID and control information on 34 terrestrial and aquatic weeds. Both are
due for release in 1997.

Order from Dr. Michael Grodowitz, CEWES-ER-A, 3909 Halls Ferry Road,
Vicksburg, MS 39180; (601/634-2972). E-mail: GrodowM(exl.wes.army.mil



CD -- Aquatic Plants Field Identification Guide

A single CD or multiple diskettes for Microsoft Windows, produced by the




Texas Agricultural Extension Service


Sixty-eight plants are indexed and depicted in this CD. Each plant treatment
includes a photograph and a sometimes too-brief description, plus a line drawing.
The plants are indexed by common name, or may be searched by category: floating,
algae, emersed, shoreline/marginal or submersed.

Order from Prof. James Davis, Extension Specialist, 102 Nagle Hall, College
Station, TX 77843-2258; (409/845-7473). E-mail: idavis21(tamu.edu



CD -- Weeds of the United States

A single CD for Microsoft Windows, produced for the Southern Weed Science
Society by Information Design

"This CD contains almost 1600 color photographs, detailed descriptions and
distribution maps of 300 weeds of the continental United States. The program also
includes illustrated lessons and quizzes on the principles of plant identification and
an illustrated glossary of botanical terms that is hot-linked to the lessons and weed
descriptions." This CD does not feature an identification key; you simply must
know the name of the plant you want information about. This product does feature a
unique and thorough collection of photographs of seeds and seedlings of weeds,
which farmers presumably would come across first in well-maintained fields, but
there is a noticeable dearth of photos of mature weeds in their habitats, nor does the
CD include drawings of these plants.

If this CD, with its good-looking interface to plant identification information and its
intensive hyper-linking, could be combined with Plant-ID, the computerized
"key" (described below) that enables users to sort 2,000 weed species by their
characteristics but has no pictures or other information, then you'd really have a
weed CD!

Order from Southern Weed Science Society, 1508 West University Avenue,
Champaign, IL 61821-3133; (217/353-4212). $90.00.





Floppy -- Plant-ID: Weeds and Toxic Plants of U.S. and Canada

A single 3.5" floppy disk, that runs in DOS on a PC, produced by the
University of Idaho

This computer program acts as a key to aid the user in identifying more than 2,000
species of weeds growing in fields, lawns and gardens of North America. By
selecting a few of more than 50 possible characteristics for "non-grass-like" plants,
or more than 40 characteristics for "grass-like" plants, the user automatically takes
advantage of the computer's ability to combine and re-combine, thus making it more
likely for a non-botanist to identify a plant. The program includes a good manual
that depicts the possible characteristics. What the program does not include are plant
descriptions, pictures, graphics and drawings --users are expected to refer to other
media for these.

Order from Weed Diagnostic Lab, Department of PSES, University of Idaho,
Moscow, ID 83844-2339; (208/885-7831). $99.95.



Video -- Restoring the Balance: Biological Control of Purple
Loosestrife

A 28-minute video produced by Cornell University

This video is a primer about the exotic nuisance marsh plant, purple loosestrife
(Lythrum salicaria), its impacts on North American wetlands, previous attempts
since the 1970s to control its spread and infestations, and the new emphasis on
identifying and introducing biological controls to help manage it. The video
includes details on several weevils and other insects being studied as biocontrol
agents, and includes footage showing how to augment and enhance field populations
of the insects. This video is very instructive for viewers interested in biological
control of any aquatic plants, whether loosestrife or hydrilla. The only problem is,
there is no conclusion: it will be "several years" before the scientists and video
makers will know whether the released insects have any effect on the target plant.




Order from Cornell University, Media Services Center, 7 Cornell Business &
Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850; (607/255-2090). $24.95 plus S/H.


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Getting To Know The Natives


Spin-The-Wheel-Bladderworts


by Kathy Craddock Burks, Botanist, Technical Services, Bureau of Aquatic Plant
Management, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 3917 Commonwealth
Blvd., MS 710, Tallahassee, FL 32399, 904/487-2600.

Aquatic bladderworts (Utricularia spp.) are submersed, rootless, carnivorous plants.
Their stems, with leaflike branching, may grow to over a meter long, and most bear
small unlikek" bladders that trap and digest tiny animals. These plants also provide
habitat for invertebrates and juvenile fish.

Among Florida's 14 species of bladderwort are two that are often confused because
of their similar habit. They have distinctive swollen lateral branches ("floats") that
radiate from a node of the flowering stalk like spokes of a wheel.

Both Utricularia inflata and U. radiata form these easily recognized floating
"wheels." Both have yellow flowers, and both have submersed stems below the
floats with highly dissected leaflike branching. Of course, both have bladders that
are typical of the genus. However, upon closer inspection, one can use several other
characteristics to distinguish the two species.

The larger of the two is U. inflata, with usually longer, wider floats and a flower
scape rising as much as 15 cm above them (compared to a maximum scape length
above the floats of 6 cm for U. radiata). Also, the floats in U. inflata gradually taper
in width toward the center of the whorl, while those in U. radiata do not, except for
a brief, more abrupt tapering near the axis. But admittedly, such morphological
features can be difficult to discern when you have only one of the two species at
hand.

Clearer distinctions can be found in the inflorescence. The scape of U. inflata may
bear 4 to 18 flowers, with a usual number of 10 or 11, while U. radiata may bear 1
to 7 flowers but most often has 3 or 4. The individual mature fruiting stalks are




usually recurved (bent downward) in U. inflata, and nearly always erect or
ascending in U. radiata. The small leaflike bract at the base of individual flower
stalks is definitely longer than broad in U. inflata, and unlobed; in U. radiata, the
bract is lobed and broader than long. And not least of all, the protrusion of extra
petal tissue seen on the "back" of each flower i.e., the corolla spur differs in the two
plants: its tip is usually notched in U. inflata, and not so in U. radiata.









The two species also differ in their mode of vegetative reproduction. When plants of
U. inflata are stranded on exposed muck or mud, they frequently produce long
threadlike branches among the "leafy" stems, with each "thread" bearing a tiny tuber
at its tip. U. radiata does not produce tubers, but under similar conditions will form
tiny vegetative buds at the axils of smaller branches. (Either species may turn up in
great numbers following a drought or drawdown event in a shallow waterbody, and
then return to relative obscurity in the plant community at higher, stabilized water
levels.)

Both of these bladderworts occur in all regions of the state, although U. inflata is the
more commonly seen species. Its distribution extends on the Coastal Plain from
New Jersey and Delaware to south Florida, and west to eastern Texas. The smaller
species, U. radiata, is more cold-hardy, and ranges north to Nova Scotia, west to
Indiana and Arkansas, and south to Florida.

For more information contact the address above.



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Meetings


INTECOL VII INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ECOLOGY. July
19-25, 1998. Florence, Italy.

Organized by the International Association for Ecology (INTECOL) in conjunction
with the Italian Ecological Society (SItE), the motto of this congress is New Tasks
for Ecologists after Rio 1992. It is an invitation to all ecologists to come together to
examine the relationships of human activities and the environment in both scientific
and social dimensions.

Contact: Almo Farina, Secretariat VII International Congress of Ecology, c/o
Lunigiana Museum of Natural History, Fortezza della Brunella, 54011 AULLA,
Italy; WWW: http://www.tamnet.it/intecol.98



WORKSHOPS--WORKING WITH WETLANDS AND WILDLIFE.
January 28-29, 1997, Houston, Texas. February 25-26, 1997, Atlanta,
Georgia.

These two day workshops are to "demonstrate the most effective and efficient
means of planning and implementing wetlands restoration, creation, and
management projects, and to promote pro-active management of wetlands for
maximum benefits." The workshops are sponsored by the Wildlife Habitat Council
in cooperation with the US EPA, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the US
Fish & Wildlife Service and Svoboda Ecological Resources.

Contact: Wildlife Habitat Council, 1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 920, Silver Spring,
MD 20910; telephone: 301/588-8994; fax: 301/588-4629; E-mail: whccais.com;
WWW: http://www.wildlifehc.org/wildlifehc






SECOND NORTHEAST CONFERENCE ON NON-INDIGENOUS
AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES. February 7-8, 1997. Burlington,
Vermont.

Connecticut Sea Grant, University of Connecticut, and the Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation are sponsoring a two-day conference to discuss current
research on non-indigenous aquatic species in the northeastern United States.

Contact: Nancy Balcom, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, 1084 Shennecossett
Rd., Groton, CT 06340; telephone: 860/405-9127



VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMFUL ALGAE.
June 25-29, 1997. Vigo, Spain.

Contact: Beatriz Reguera, Conference Coordinator, Instituto Espanol de
Oceanografia, Apartado 1552, 36280 Vigo, Spain.



1997 RESEARCH REVIEW AND AQUATIC PLANT MANAGERS
WORKSHOP. March 11-12, 1997. Gainesville, Florida.

Recently completed and current research being conducted on aquatic plant
management throughout Florida will be presented, together with an assessment of
the future of aquatic plant management.

Contact: Office of Conferences, University of Florida, IFAS, telephone: 352/392-
5930; E-mail: conf@(gnv.ifas.ufl.edu



22ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS. May




19-23, 1997. Orlando, Florida.


A combination technical conference and trade show, which addresses local, national
and international environmental issues associated with government, industry, small
business, sustainable development, stakeholder involvement, NEPA, and risk
management. Held in conjunction with Environmental Resource EXPO 97, billed as
the largest environmental industry trade show in the Southeast.

Contact: Helen Merkel, Home Engineering and Environmental Services, 4501 Ford
Ave., Suite 1100, Alexandria, VA 22302.



SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS. April 26 May 3,
1997, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada

Organized by the International Federation for Information Processing and the
German Computer Society. The symposium will include course lectures for students
and faculty on Tools for Environmental Informatics, with advanced credit provided
at several institutions. The theme of the course is environmental data management
and environmental information systems to bridge gaps in time and space in data,
information and knowledge. Participating universities are University of Waterloo,
University of Guelph, Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes, and
Fachhochschule Nuertingen.

Contact: Dr. David Swayne, Department of Computing & Information Science,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1; Fax: 519/837-0323; E-
mail: dswayne@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca



ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ECOSYSTEMS RESTORATION &
CREATION. May 15-16, 1997. Tampa, Florida.

Sponsored by the Hillsborough Community College Institute of Florida Studies. The
conference will provide a forum for the nationwide exchange of scientific research




in the restoration, creation and management of total ecosystems including
freshwater and coastal wetlands and upland and transitional areas.

Contact: Frederick Webb, Hillsborough Community College, Institute of Florida
Studies, Plant City Campus, 1206 N. Park Road, Plant City, FL 33566; telephone:
813/757-2104; E-mail: webb@mail.hcc.cc.fl.us



AQUATIC WEED SHORT COURSE. May 12-15, 1997. Fort
Lauderdale, Florida.

Sponsored by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
(IFAS). The course will offer continuing education units for Pesticide Applicator
Certification in categories including Aquatic, Right-of-Way, Aerial, Ornamental and
Turf, CORE, Demonstration & Research, and Regulatory.

Contact: University of Florida, IFAS, Office of Conferences, telephone: 352/392-
5930.



18TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF WETLAND
SCIENTISTS. June 1-6, 1997. Bozeman, Montana.

The technical program will focus on the wetland functions and management theme
of the meeting, Wetlands Heritage and Stewardship. Several field trips are planned.

Contact: Montana State University, Conference Services, Room 280F, Strand
Union, Bozeman, MT 59717-0402; fax: 406/994-3228. To submit abstracts: Paul
Hook, Dept. Animal & Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
59717-2900; telephone: 406/994-3724; E-mail: bozeman97(sws.org; WWW: http://
www.sws.org


COMMUNITIES WORKING FOR WETLANDS. May 7-9, 1997.




Alexandria, Virginia.


Billed as an American Wetlands Month Celebration, the meeting will be a gathering
of people interested and sharing experiences in community-based wetlands
conservation.

Contact: Communities Working for Wetlands, c/o Terrene Institute, 4 Herbert St.,
Alexandria, VA 22305; telephone: 800/726-4853; fax: 703/548-6299; E-mail:_
terrene@gnn.com



EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA LAKE
MANAGEMENT SOCIETY. May 7-9, 1997. West Palm Beach,
Florida.

The conference theme is "New Perspectives and Tools for Lake and Watershed
Management".

Contact: Chuck Hanlon, Conference Chairman, South Florida Water Management
District, P.O. Box 24680, West Palm Beach, FL 33416-4680; telephone: 561/687-
6748; E-mail: charles.hanlon@sfwmd.gov




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Books/Reports



EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES IN CHINA- A Gift To The 4th International
Conference on the Conservation and Management of Lakes, "Hangzhou '90", edited
by J. Xiangcan, L. Hongliang, T. Qingying, Z. Zongshe and Z. Xuan. 1990. 652 pp. (In
English.)
(Order from Prof. Jin Xiangcan, Water Environmental Institue of the Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences, Beiyuan, Beijing, 100012, CHINA. US$150.00.)

Ecologists and limnologists of the Chinese Academy of Science have compiled a
very large amount of research, graphs and maps about the status of the highly
diverse lakes (and reservoirs) of China in a well-produced, very well-written book.
There are no other such resources about the lakes of China in the APIRS library.

In two parts, this tome is 1) "a comprehensive introduction to the lakes'
environmental characteristics" and 2) a review and compilation of dozens of
eutrophication studies by many Chinese scientists. Part One includes information on
all conceivable characteristics from sediment granularity to the effects of tourists to
the distributions of indicator species. Part Two (the remaining 500 pages) presents
the trophic states of five regions of China, as well as separate reviews of urban lakes
and reservoirs.

There are no indexes or appendixes.



PONDWEEDS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 8,
by C.D. Preston. 1995. 352 pp.
(Order from the Botanical Society of the British Isles, Publications, Green Acre, Wood
Lane, Oundle, Peterborough PE8 5TP, GREAT BRITAIN. (Tel. 01832 273388))

This book is "intended as an identification guide rather than a taxonomic
monograph" for those who are "reasonably familiar" with botany. The first third is




an introduction to the biology of Potamogeton species in the British Isles, and
includes chapters on prehistory, nomenclature, classification, evolution,
hybridisation, structure, life history, habitats, distribution, and collection and
preservation.

The second part of the book presents two keys to 50 species (including a couple of
Ruppias and Groenlandia densa). Each species is treated by descriptions, maps and
excellent line drawings.



RESERVOIR FISHERIES OF INDIA, by V.V. Sugunan. 1995. 423 pp. (In English.)
(Order from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations,
Publications Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, ITALY. FAO
Fisheries Technical Paper No. 345.)

The per capital availability of fish in India is 3.2 kg while the world average is 12.1
kg. To increase inland fish production will require using Indian reservoirs, about
which documentation is "grossly inadequate." This research literature review will
provide "a baseline" to "assess the potential for culture-based fisheries enhancement
of reservoirs in the region."

The book begins with a national perspective on inland fisheries in India, as well as
maps and charts of reservoir distribution, soils, and climate. The remaining 13
chapters present the facts and figures from each state, including stocking methods
and rates, yields, and water chemistry.



DICTIONARY OF PLANT NAMES, In Latin, German, English and French, by H.
Nikolov. 1996. 926 pp. ISBN 3-443-50019-6
(Order from J. Cramer, Gebruder Borntraeger, Johannesstr. 3A, D-70176 Stuttgart,
GERMANY. Tel: 0711/625001. US$128.00.)

This books lists 14,500 generic names and as many species and 1,600 synonyms, for
about 600 families of plants, bacteria included.




ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TIDAL MARSHES A Model from the Gulf
of Mexico, edited by C.L. Coultas and Y.-P. Hsieh. 1997. 352 pp. ISBN 1-57444-026-8
(Order from St Lucie Press, 100 E Linton Blvd., Suite 403B, Delray Beach, FL 33483.
(407/274-9906.) US$59.95 plus S/H.)

This book introduces the reader to the highly productive intertidal salt marshes of
Florida's Gulf of Mexico coast. Florida has more intertidal wetlands than Georgia
and the Carolinas combined. It is illustrated with charts, graphs and ok-quality black-
and-white photographs.

Included are 12 review chapters on various aspects of intertidal marshes, such as
functions, geology, soils, vegetation, primary productivity and animals. The chapter
on legal protection was written by lawyers, and the one on management was written
by specialists of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

This book also includes chapters on how "to value" wetlands and the things that live
in them. Chapter 8, written by Professors H.T. Odum and D.A. Hornbeck, is a
tutorial on how to use Odum's highly-complex "EMERGY measure" (named in
1983) to "estimate the contributions of marsh production and storage to real
wealth"; that is to say, to calculate the monetary value of marshes. Using EMERGY,
Odum and Hornbeck calculate that marshes around Cedar Key, Florida, contribute
to the "potential for growth" of the town to the tune of $55.3 million (1990 $).
Therefore, the "potential public value that depends on marshes is $5,839/ha/year
(1990 $)." Appendixes that list the terrestrial vertebrates and aquatic insects of
Florida's Gulf coast tidal marshes complete this compendium.



WILDLIFE COMMUNITY HABITAT EVALUATION: A MODEL FOR
DECIDUOUS PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS IN MARYLAND Final
Report, by R.L. Schroeder. 1996. 42 pp.
(Order from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
VA 22161. Technical Report WRP-DE-14. Final Report from the US National Biological
Service to the US Army Corps of Engineers.)

This publication is a description of and tutorial for the use of the "Habitat Model", a
mathematical procedure that "predicts [species] richness from an evaluation of




habitat and spatial variables, with the highest levels of richness assumed to be found
in mature, unfragmented forested wetland tracts."



AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, by C.A. Aulbach-
Smith and S.J. de Kozlowski. Second Edition. 1996. 128 pp.
(Order from K. Horan, SCDNR, Water Resources Division, 1201 Main Street, Suite 1100,
Columbia, SC 29201, (803/737-0800.) $15.00.)

This expanded version of the 1990 edition includes treatments for more than 120
species. It is a well-made book profusely illustrated with exceptional (though
smallish) color photographs and line drawings. This manual does not include a key
to the species, though the book is divided into sections: submersed; floating;
shoreline and wetland; grasses, sedges and rushes; and algae.



ATLAS OF GRACILARIA SPORE CULTURE, by E.P. Glenn, D.W. Moore, C.Y.
Machado, K.M. Fitzsimmons and S.E. Menke. 1996. 33 pp.
(Order from Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Arizona, 2601 E Airport
DR, Tucson, AZ 85706 (520/741-1990.)

This publication resembles a ready-made "business plan" for starting the business of
seaweed aquaculture. The spiral-bound manual explains how to prepare and operate
a spore culture facility, in which Gracilaria (a red seaweed) is grown and harvested.
Gracilaria is consumed around the world where it is the raw material for gel agar
and other foodstuffs. Its increasing demand is not being met by the industry's
depleting natural sources in the seas of Asia and South America; aquacultural
sources must be expanded.

In many large, very good black-and-white photographs, the Gracilaria life cycle and
its aquaculture are depicted. Chapters also explain how to collect data and keep
records, and presents the "Moloka'i experience" in Hawaii, including listing
installation and operating costs, with depreciation schedule and 5-year-cash-flow
estimates.




FLORIDA FRESHWATER PLANTS A Handbook of Common Aquatic Plants in
Florida Lakes, by M.V. Hoyer, D.E. Canfield, C.A. Horsburgh, and K.P. Brown. 1996.
264 pp.
(Order from University of Florida, IFAS Publications, PO Box 110011, Gainesville, FL
32611-0011. (352/392-1764.) US$35.00 plus S/H.)

The objective of this uniquely informative handbook is to examine the relation of
water chemistry to the presence and distribution of 103 common aquatic plants in
322 Florida lakes.

The book presents color photographs, descriptions, Florida distribution and biology
of each plant. It also includes tables of data and succinct interpretations which
describe the ranges of water chemistry variables for the individual species. These
data were taken from 15 years of research conducted on Florida lakes. In addition, a
list of scientific references selected from the Aquatic Plant Information Retrieval
System (APIRS) database refers users to other sources of published information for
each species.

Also included in this fact-filled volume are statistical tables showing plants sorted
for water chemistry variables including pH, alkalinity, conductance, color,
phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, calcium, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, sulfate, chloride, iron and silicon.



AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS OF INDIA, by C.D.K. Cook. 1996. 385 pp.
ISBN 0-19-854821-4
(Order from Oxford University Press. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
$165.00 plus S/H.)

This "Flora", Prof. Cook's "last fling before going into retirement", is a much-
needed record of the diversity of aquatic and wetland plants in the subcontinent, as
well as a much-needed identification manual that was written to be used by students
and others having little botanical training.

The identification keys for the 660 species are based on easily seen vegetative
characteristics, so that taxa may appear several times in the key. Thus, users may




depend on different characteristics and follow different ("easier") paths in the key to
identify a plant in question. Each species is described, its distribution in India is
noted, and an "ecological diagnosis" is presented. Only Latin names are used in this
Flora.

All species are illustrated by line drawings, but these "are not meant to be plant
portraits and are often restricted to diagnostic features."



WETLAND PLANTS OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON by B.J. Guard. 1995. 239
pp. ISBN 1-55105-060-9
(Order from Lone Pine Publishing, 206, 10426-81 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
T6E 1X5, 800/661-9017. $19.95 plus S/H.)

This highly illustrated and colorful wetland manual is meant for botanists,
environmentalists, managers and "all who appreciate, enjoy, study, protect and
manage the wetlands" of the Pacific Northwest. It details 155 (mainly flowering)
plants, but treats about 330 species in various ways, such as being described as
"look-alike" species. It includes native and exotic species. The author uses five
identification keys: "pondweeds and others", grasses, rushes, sedges, and willows
(Salix spp.). In addition to the keys, the plants are arranged in the book according to
general habitats, including "submerged and floating, marshy shore, prairie wetland,
shrub swamp and wooded wetland" communities.

The color photographs and line drawings of the plants are generally very good. Each
plant is described as to growth habit, leaves, flowers, fruits, habitat, natural history,
similar species and special notes of interest.



WATER GARDENING --WATER LILIES AND LOTUSES, by P.D. Slocum, and P.
Robinson, with F. Perry. 1996. 434 pp. ISBN 0-88192-335-4
(Order from Timber Press, Inc., 133 SW Second Avenue, Suite 450, Portland, OR 97204-
3527, (800/327-5680.) $59.95 plus S/H.)

Written by two of the world's leading water-gardening experts, this very complete
book includes two main parts. Part one includes all one needs to know to design,




construct and use pools, bogs, waterfalls and streams in the garden landscape.
Choosing, planting and maintaining floating, submersed, marginal, and bog plants
as well as moisture-loving trees and shrubs, is explained. The roles of fish, frogs,
insects and other animals are also described, including particular detail regarding the
lives of dragonflies.

Part Two is the "Encyclopedia of Water Lilies and and Lotuses", in which all
species and major cultivars of water lilies and lotuses are described, including both
day- and night-blooming tropicals. Here are found most of the 445 laser-sharp color
photographs of flowers, leaves and roots.

Appendices include hardiness zone maps, a listing of commercial water lily sources,
a glossary and a recommended reading list.



Aquaphyte Contents I Aquaphyte page I Home


CAIP-WEBSITEAufl.edu
copyright 1996 University of Florida
December 1996





FROM THE DATABASE


Here is a sampling of the research articles, books and reports which have been entered into
the aquatic plant database since April 1996. The database has more than 43,000 citations.
To receive free bibliographies on specific plants and/or subjects, contact APIRS at 352-
392-1799 or use the database online at http://aquatl.ifas.ufl.edu/database.html

To obtain articles, contact your nearest state or university library.



Agren, J.; Ericson, L.
Population structure and morph-specific fitness differences in tristylous Lythrum salicaria.
EVOLUTION 50(1):126-139. 1996.

Aldridge, F.J.; Phlips, E.J.; Schelske, C.L.
The use of nutrient enrichment bioassays to test for spatial and temporal distribution of
limiting factors affecting phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Okeechobee, Florida.
HYDROBIOL. SPEC. ISSUES ADVANCE. LIMNOL. 45:177-190. 1995.

Anderson, L.; Fellows, S.; Pirosko, C.
Effect of Garlon 3A on waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in a pond on the Los Banos
Wildlife Refuge.
IN: AQUATIC WEED CONTROL INVESTIGATIONS, ANNUAL REPORT, L.W.J. ANDERSON, ED.,
USDA AGRIC. RES. SERV., UNIV. CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, 31 PP. 1994.

Barrat-Segretain, M.H.; Amoros, C.
Influence of flood timing on the recovery of macrophytes in a former river channel.
HYDROBIOLOGIA 316(2):91-101. 1995.

Barreto, R.W.; Evans, H.C.
The mycobiota of the weed Mikania micrantha in southern Brazil with particular reference
to fungal pathogens for biological control.
MYCOL. RES. 99(3):343-352. 1995.




Bellan-Santini, D.; Arnaud, P.M.; Bellan, G.; Verlaque, M.
The influence of the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia on the biodiversity of the
Mediterranean marine biota.
MAR. BIOL. ASSOC. U.K. 76(1):235-237. 1996.

Bjorndal, K.A.; Bolten, A.B.
Digestive efficiencies in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater turtles on plant diets: do
herbivores have a nutritional advantage?
PHYSIOL. ZOOL. 66(3):384-395. 1993.

Bramwell, S.A.; Prasadd, P.V.D.
Performance of a small aquatic plant wastewater treatment system under Caribbean
conditions.
J. ENVIRON. MANAGE. 43(3):213-220. 1995.

Braverman, M.P.
Weed control in rice (Oryza sativa) with Quinclorac and bensulfuron coating of granular
herbicides and fertilizer.
WEED TECHNOL. 9(3):494-498. 1995.

Bryson, C.T.; Carter, R.
Notes on Carex, Cyperus, and Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in Mississippi with records of eight
species previously unreported to the state.
SIDA 16(1):171-182. 1994.

Buckingham, G.R.
Biological control of aquatic weeds.
IN: PEST MANAGEMENT IN THE SUBTROPICS: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL A FLORIDA
PERSPECTIVE, D. ROSEN, F.D. BENNETT, J.L. CAPINERA, EDS., LAVOISIER PUBL., SECAUCUS, NY,
PP. 413-480. 1994.

Camargo, A.F.M.; Esteves, F.A.
Influence of water level variation on biomass and chemical composition of the aquatic
macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Kunth) in an oxbow lake of the Rio Mogi-Guacu (Sao
Paulo, Brazil).
ARCH. HYDROBIOL. 135(3):423-432. 1996.

Collares-Pereira, M.J.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Geraldes, A.M.; Coelho, M.M.
Riparian ecotones and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Portuguese lowland streams.




IN: THE IMPORTANCE OF AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL ECOTONES FOR FRESHWATER FISH, F.
SCHIEMER, M. ZALEWSKI, J.E. THORPE, EDS., KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL., DORDRECHT, THE
NETHERLANDS, HYDROBIOLOGIA 303: 93-101. 1995.

Cruzan, M.B.; Barrett, S.C.H.
Postpollination mechanisms influencing mating patterns and fecundity: an example from
Eichhornia paniculata.
BULL. TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 123(1):1-6. 1996.

David, P.G.
Changes in plant communities relative to hydrologic conditions in the Florida Everglades.
WETLANDS 16(1):15-23. 1996.

De Casabianca, M.L.
Large-scale production of Eichhornia crassipes on paper industry effluent.
BIORESOURCE TECHN. 54(1):35-38. 1995.

De Leeuw, J.; Wielemaker, A.; De Munck, W.; Herman, P.M.J.
Net aerial primary production (NAPP) of the marsh macrophyte Scirpus maritimus
estimated by a combination of destructive and non-destructive sampling methods.
VEGETATIO 123(1):101-108. 1996.

Dong, X-J.; Takagi, S.; Nagai, R.
Regulation of the orientation movement of chloroplasts in epidermal cells of Vallisneria:
cooperation of phytochrome with photosynthetic pigment under low-fluence-rate light.
PLANTA 197(2):257-263. 1995.

Dooris, P.M.
Hydrilla verticillata: chemical factors in lakes affecting growth.
PH.D. DISSERTATION, DEPT. BIOLOGY, UNIV. SOUTH FLORIDA, TAMPA, 177 PP. 1978.

Eberle, J.R.; Banks, J.A.
Genetic interactions among sex-determining genes in the fern Ceratopteris richardii.
GENETICS 142(3):973-985. 1996.

Ferreira, M.T.; Moreira, I.S.
The invasive component of a river flora under the influence of Mediterranean agricultural
systems.
IN: PLANT INVASIONS GENERAL ASPECTS AND SPECIAL PROBLEMS, P. PYSEK, K. PRACH, M.
REJMANEK, M. WADE, EDS., SPB ACADEMIC PUBL., AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, PP. 117-




127. 1995.


Flamm, R.O.; Ward, L.; Weigle, B.L.
Habitat influences on the distribution and abundance of Florida manatee in the Indian
River Lagoon, Florida.
ELEVENTH BIENNIAL CONF. BOLOGY OF MARINE MAMMALS, ORLANDO, FL, 14-18 DEC. 1995, P.
14 (ABSTRACT). 1995.

Frantz, V.
Recovery plan for rough-leaved loosestrife (Lysimachia asperulaefolia).
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERV., ATLANTA, GA, 42 PP. 1995.

Freese, G.
Structural refuges in two stem-boring weevils on Rumex crispus.
ECOL. ENTOMOL. 20(4):351-358. 1995.

Gabor, T.S.; Haagsma, T.; Murkin, H.R.; Armson, E.
Effects of triclopyr amine on purple loosestrife and non-target wetland plants in south-
eastern Ontario, Canada.
J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 33:48-51. 1995.

Getsinger, K.D.; Madsen, J.D.; Netherland, M.D.; Turner, E.G.
Field evaluation of triclopyr (Garlon 3A) for controlling Eurasian watermilfoil in the Pend
Oreille River, Washington.
TECHN. REPT. A-96-1, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL RES. PROG., US ARMY CORPS ENGR.,
WATERWAYS EXPER. STATION, VICKSBURG, MS, 72 PP. 1996.

Gordeev, M.I.; Sibataev, A.K.
Influence of predatory plant bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) on the process of selection
in malaria mosquito larvae.
RUSSIAN J. ECOL. 26(3):216-220. 1995.

Grail, G.
Cuatro Cienegas: Mexico's desert aquarium.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 188(4):85-96. 1995.

Grice, A.M.; Loneragan, N.R.; Dennison, W.C.
Light intensity and the interactions between physiology, morphology and stable isotope
ratios in five species of seagrass.
J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL. 195(1):91-110. 1996.





Hall, J.A.; Cox, N.
Nutrient concentrations as predictors of nuisance Hydrodictyon reticulatum populations in
New Zealand.
J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 33:68-74. 1995.

Hara, T.; Srutek, M.
Shoot growth and mortality patterns of Urtica dioica, a clonal forb.
ANNALS BOTANY 76(3):235-243. 1995.

Haraguchi, A.
Rhizome growth of Menyanthes trifoliata L. in a population on a floating peat mat in
Mizorogaike Pond, Central Japan.
AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4): 163-173. 1996.

Hart, K.H.; Cox, P.A.
Dispersal ecology of Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibthorp & Smith: abiotic seed dispersal
mechanisms.
BOTANICAL J. LINNEAN SOC. 119(1):87-100. 1995.

Heard, T.A.; Forno, I.W.
Host selection and host range of the flower-feeding weevil, Coelocephalapionpigrae, a
potential biological control agent of Mimosa pigra.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 6(1):83-95. 1996.

Hemminga, M.A.; Huiskes, A.H.L.; Steegstra, M.; Van Soelen, J.
Assessment of allocation and biomass production in a natural stand of the salt marsh plant
Spartina anglica using 13C.
MAR. ECOL. PROG. SER. 130(1-3):169-178. 1996.

Henry, C.P.; Amoros, C.; Bornette, G.
Species traits and recolonization processes after flood disturbances in riverine
macrophytes.
VEGETATIO 122(1):13-27. 1996.

Hine, N.R.; Pilidis, G.A.
An assessment of the efficiency of a macrophyte-based biological treatment plant to treat
wastewater from a wood impregnation factory.
FRESENIUS ENVIR. BULL. 4(10):630-635. 1995.





Hu, F.S.; Brubaker, L.B.; Anderson, P.M.
A 12,000 year record of vegetation change and soil development from Wien Lake, central
Alaska.
CAN. J. BOT. 71(9):1133-1142. 1993.

Idestam-Almquist, J.; Kautsky, L.
Plastic responses in morphology of Potamogetonpectinatus L. to sediment and above-
sediment conditions at two sites in the northern Baltic proper.
AQUATIC BOTANY 52(3):205-216. 1995.

Jamil, K.; Hussain, S.; Anees, I.; Murthy, U.S.
Toxic effects of lead on the biochemical parameters of the hyacinth weevils Neochetina
eichhornae through the trophic levels of food chain.
J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH A30(9): 1925-1934. 1995.

Jacobsen, N.
The narrow leaved Cryptocoryne of mainland Asia.
AQUATIC GARDENER 8(3):71-86. 1995.

Kane, M.
Wetland plant micropropagation: issues and opportunities.
AQUATICS 18(2):4,6,8-11. 1996.

Kilbride, K.M.; Paveglio, F.L.; Grue, C.E.
Control of smooth cordgrass with Rodeo in a southwestern Washington estuary.
WILDLIFE SOC. BULL. 23(3):520-524. 1995.

Kimber A.
Decline and restoration of Vallisneria americana in the upper Mississippi River.
DISSERTATION ABSTR. INTERNAL. 55(4):1254-B (ABSTRACT). 1994.

Langangen, A.
Chara-lakes in the county of Troms.
POLARFLOKKEN 19(2):111-118. 1995.

Linz, G.M.; Blixt, D.C.; Bergman, D.L.; Bleier, W.J.
Responses of red-winged blackbirds, yellow-headed blackbirds and marsh wrens to
glyphosate-induced alterations in cattail density.
J. FIELD ORNITHOL. 67(1):167-176. 1996.





Lockhart, C.S.
Aquatic heterophylly as a survival strategy in Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae).
CAN. J. BOT. 74(2):243-246. 1996.

Lorenzoni, C.; Paradis, G.
Synecological observations about the Corsican stations of a rare species, Cressa cretica
(Convolvulaceae).
BULL. DE LA SOC. BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-OUEST, NOUVELLE SERIES 25:3-24. 1994.

McBride, T.P.; Noller, B.N.
Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and
periphyton.
MARINE FRESHWATER RES. 46(7): 1047-1053. 1995.

McIninch, S.M.; Garbisch, E.W.
The establishment of Peltandra virginica from large and small bulbs as a function of water
depth.
WETLAND J. 7(1):17-20. 1995.

Middleton, B.A.
Seed banks and species richness potential of coal slurry ponds reclaimed as wetlands.
RESTORATION ECOL. 3(4):311-318. 1995.

Mitchell, S.F.; Wass, R.T.
Food consumption and faecal deposition of plant nutrients by black swans (Cygnus atratus
Latham) in a shallow New Zealand lake.
HYDROBIOLOGIA 306(3): 189-197. 1995.

Moldovan, M.
Large-scale restoration of wetland habitats: the reflooding of the 22 Km2 Babina Polder in
the Danube Delta, Romania.
IN: RESTORATION OF STREAM ECOSYSTEMS AN INTEGRATED CATCHMENT APPROACH, IWRB
PUBL. 37, M. EISELTOVA, J. BRIGGS, EDS., INTERNAL. WATERFOWL AND WETLANDS RES.
BUREAU, SLIMBRIDGE, UK, PP. 154-156. 1995.

Murdock, N.A.
Rare and endangered plants and animals of southern Appalachian wetlands.
WATER AIR SOIL POLLUTION 77(3-4):385-405. 1994.




Netherland, M.D.; Getsinger, K.D.
Laboratory evaluation of threshold fluridone concentrations under static conditions for
controlling hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil.
J. AQUAT. PLANT. MANAGE. 33:33-36. 1995.

Newell, S.Y.; Moran, M.A.; Wicks, R.; Hodson, R.E.
Productivities of microbial decomposers during early stages of decomposition of leaves of
a freshwater sedge.
FRESHWATER BIOL. 34(1): 135-148. 1995.

Newman, R.M.; Holmberg, K.L.; Biesboer, D.D.; Penner, B.G.
Effects of a potential biocontrol agent, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, on Eurasian watermilfoil in
experimental tanks.
AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4): 131-150. 1996.

Parker, M.L.; Waldron, K.W.
Texture of Chinese water chestnut: involvement of cell wall phenolics.
J. SCI. FOOD AGRIC. 68(3):337-346. 1995.

Peckol, P.; Rivers, J.S.
Physiological responses of the opportunistic macroalgae Cladophora vagabunda (L.) van
den Hoek and Gracilaria tikvahiae (McLachlan) to environmental disturbances associated
with eutrophication.
J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL. 190(1):1-16. 1995.

Poovey, A.G.; Kay, S.H.
Effects of short-term summer drawdown on monoecious Hydrilla and non-target aquatic
plants.
35TH ANN. MEETING, AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC., JULY 9-12, 1995, BELLEVUE, WA, P. 9
(ABSTRACT). 1995.

Preen, A.
Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: observational and experimental evidence
for cultivation grazing.
MAR. ECOL. PROG. SER. 124(1-3):201-213. 1995.

Pysek, P.; Pysek, A.
Invasion by Heracleum mantegazzianum in different habitats in the Czech Republic.
J. VEGETATION SCI. 6(5):711-718. 1995.




Randall, K.A.
Care and propagation of Anubias.
AQUATIC GARDENER 9(3):71-76. 1996.

Ravindran, V.; Sivakanesan, R.; Cyril, H.W.
Nutritive value of raw and processed Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) corm meal for
poultry.
ANIMAL FEED SCI. TECHNOL. 57(4):335-345. 1996.

Roberts, J.; Chick, A.; Oswald, L.; Thompson, P.
Effect of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., an exotic benthivorous fish, on aquatic plants and
water quality in experimental ponds.
MAR. FRESHWATER RES. 46:1171-1180. 1995.

Ryan, F.J.
Nitrogen and carbon concentrations, soluble proteins and free amino acids in subterranean
turions of Hydrilla during overwintering.
J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 32:67-70. 1994.

Shearer, J.F.
Field and laboratory studies of the fungus Mycoleptodiscus terrestris as a potential agent
for management of the submersed aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata.
TECHN. REPT. A-96-3, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL RES. PROG., US ARMY CORPS ENGR.,
WATERWAYS EXPER. STATION, VICKSBURG, MS, 30 PP. 1996.

Shilling, D.G.; Gaffney, J.F.
Cogongrass control requires integrated approach (Florida).
RESTORATION MANAGE.NOTES 13(2):227. 1995.

Sinden-Hempstead, M.; Killingbeck, K.T.
Influences of water depth and substrate nitrogen on leaf surface area and maximum bed
extension in Nymphaea odorata.
AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4): 151-162. 1996.

Skinner, L.C.; Rendall, W.J.; Fuge, E.L.
Minnesota's purple loosestrife program: history, findings and management
recommendations.
SPEC. PUBL. 145, MINN. DEPT. NATURAL RESOURCES, DIV. FISH & WILDL., ECOL. SERV.
SECTION, ST. PAUL, MN, 27 PP. 1994.




Stewart, R.M.; Boyd, W.A.
Amur/stock simulations for examination of the effects of site conditions on plant control
by grass carp.
34TH ANN. MEETING, AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC. AND 6TH ANN. MEETING TEXAS
AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC., JULY 10-13, 1994, SAN ANTONIO, TX, P. 16 (ABSTRACT).

Stoner, A.W.; Lin, J.; Hanisak, M.D.
Relationships between seagrass bed characteristics and juvenile queen conch (Strombus
gigas Linne) abundance in the Bahamas.
J. SHELLFISH RES. 14(2):315-323. 1995.

Thomas, J.D.
The snail hosts of schistosomiasis: some evolutionary and ecological perspectives in
relation to control.
MEM. INST. OSWALDO CRUZ 90(2):195-204. 1995.

Thomas, K.L.; Benstead, J.; Davies, K.L.; Lloyd, D.
Role of wetland plants in the diurnal control of CH4 and C02 fluxes in peat.
SOIL BIOL. BIOCHEM. 28(1):17-23. 1996.

Toner, M.; Stow, N.; Keddy, C.J.
Arrow arum, Peltandra virginica: a nationally rare plant in the Ottawa Valley region of
Ontario.
CAN. FIELD-NATURALIST 109(4):441-442. 1995.

Uchino, A.; Samejima, M.; Ishii, R.; Ueno, 0.
Photosynthetic carbon metabolism in an amphibious sedge, Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.)
Chapman: modified expression of C4 characteristics under submerged aquatic conditions.
PLANT CELL PHYSIOL. 36(2):229-238. 1995.

Vickery, J.A.; Sutherland, W.J.; Watkinson, A.R.; Lane, S.J.; et al
Habitat switching by dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla (L.) in relation to food
depletion.
OECOLOGIA 103(4):499-508. 1995.

Visser, E.J.W.; Bogemann, G.M.; Blom, C.W.P.M.; Voesenek, L.A.C.J.
Ethylene accumulation in waterlogged Rumex plants promotes formation of adventitious
roots.




J. EXP. BOTANY 47(296):403-410. 1996.


Aquaphyte Contents I Aquaphyte page | Home


CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu
copyright 1996 University of Florida
December 1996

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Aquaphyte Volume 16 Number 2 Winter 1996 AQUAPHYTE OnlineVolume 16 Number 2 Winter 1996 Center for Aquatic Plants Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida 7922 N.W. 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 352-392-1799 with support from The Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Contents About AQUAPHYTE You Have Been Deleted! Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management Form for: AQUAPHYTE Subscription Renewal and The Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management A View on Melaleuca...from Down Under by Tim Low, Queensland, Australia Environmental Professionals To Be Licensed? How To Download Search Results From The APIRS Database We are looking for plant material to draw! Coloring Page Have Camera--Will Travel 4-H Wetlands Programs APROPOS Strategy Planner Aquatic Plant Handbook Needs Authors Aquatic Exotic News--Hydrilla in Connecticut http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~1.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:05 PM]

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Aquaphyte Volume 16 Number 2 Winter 1996 Prohibited Aquatic Plants Out and About? America's Least Wanted--Alien Species Invasions of U.S. Ecosystems The Uncontrolled Growth of Azolla in the Guadiana River (Portugal) Aquatic Plant Drawings Package for Sale The Electronic Media Review Page GETTING TO KNOW THE NATIVES m Spin-the-Wheel Bladderworts by Kathy Craddock Burks, Botanist MEETINGS BOOKS/REPORTS FROM THE DATABASE a sampling of new additions to the APIRS database Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright (C) 1997 University of Florida Revised: January 1997 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~1.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:05 PM]

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16(2) About Aquaphyte AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 About Aquaphyte This is the newsletter of the Center for Aquatic Plants and the Aquatic and Wetland Plant Information Retrieval System (APIRS) of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). Support for the information system is provided by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP), the St. Johns River Water Management District and UF/IFAS. EDITORS: Victor Ramey Karen Brown AQUAPHYTE is sent to more than 6,500 managers, researchers, and agencies in 87 countries. Comments, announcements, news items and other information relevant to aquatic plant research are solicited. Inclusion in AQUAPHYTE does not constitute endorsement, nor does exclusion represent criticism of any item, organization, individual, or institution by the University of Florida. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu Copyright 1997 University of Florida March 10, 1997 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~23.html [6/6/2008 2:13:05 PM]

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16(2) You Have Been Deleted! AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 You Have Been Deleted! As of this issue, EVERYBODY on the AQUAPHYTE mailing list has been deleted, whether this is your first issue or your thirtieth. (Regular purging of our mailing lists is required by the government.) If you want to continue receiving the printed version of AQUAPHYTE, you must contact us in writing, through regularmail or via E-mail, verifying your name and mailing address. Please see pages 14 and 15. There is an alternative. You do not have to re-subscribe to the printed version of AQUAPHYTE and can simply read (andprint, if you want to) the online version of this newsletter. In fact, we would prefer that you read it online rather than expectan expensive printed version delivered by mail. Online AQUAPHYTE is accessible through the APIRS Internet Web site at http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/ Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~2.html [6/6/2008 2:13:05 PM]

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16(2) Database of Personnel AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management Please look at the form further down this page. This form has two purposes. First, as you read from the article on page one, your name has been deleted from the AQUAPHYTE mail lists. If you wish to receive future issues of this newsletter, you must re-subscribe in writing, by mail or E-mail. The form below will do. Print it out, fill it in and send it to us. Second, in conjunction with the Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., APIRS is compiling a database of people throughout the world who work with aquatic plants, particularly in research and management. This database will be available on-line from our WWW site to provide a referral service which can be searched by country, plant species, field of expertise, etc. This database will be especially useful for anyone seeking assistance with a particular plant or needing contacts in a specific country. If you would like to be included in this database, please complete and return the form, omitting any information that you do not want included in the database. Return the form or its copy to APIRS, Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST, Gainesville, FL 32653, or E-mail its equivalent to: CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu **** PRIZE TICKET! ****Names of all respondents to this questionnaire will be entered into a drawing on 15 July 1997. The winner will receive a complete set of the Journal of Aquatic Plant Management from 1962 to 1996. The Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc.The Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., (APMS) is an international, professional organization of scientists, educators, administrators, and concerned individuals interested in the management and control of aquatic plants. The membership reflects a diverse collection of federal, state, and local agencies; researchers and students from universities and colleges around the world; corporations; commerical plant managers; and others dedicated to promoting research and sharing information about aquatic plants and the technology of aquatic plant management. Originally named The Hyacinth Control Society, Inc. when formed in 1961, APMS has evolved into a respected source of expertise in the aquatics field. The Society has grown to include several regional or state chapters within the US, and through these affiliates, annual meetings, newsletters, and the Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, members keep abreast of the latest developments in aquatic plant ecology, physiology, and biological, mechanical, chemical, and integrated methods of aquatic plant management. APMS membership dues: Active = $35.00; Student = $5.00; Subscriptions available. If you would like further information about how to join this international society, please check the space at the bottom of the form. The following is a dual purpose form. Please check one or both:For AQUAPHYTE Subscription Renewal _____ (free of charge) http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~19.html (1 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:06 PM]

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16(2) Database of Personnel For The Database of Personnel in Aquatic Plant Research and Management _____(free of charge) Return this form or copy to: APIRS, Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST, Gainesville, FL 326533071. Or the equivalent E-mail to: CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu Title and Name:.................................................................................................................................................................................................... Address:................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Telephone:................................................................................................ Fax:..................................................................................................... E-mail:.................................................................................................................................................................................................... WWW/ Internet Site:......................................................................................................................................................................... Your Languages:.................................................................................................................................................................................................. Fields of Expertise: (please check as many as are appropriate) APM = Aquatic Plant Management...........Algae ..........Macrophytes ..........Invertebrates ..........Fisheries ..........Other fauna ..........Limnology ..........Large lakes (> 10 ha) ..........Small lakes and ponds ..........Rivers and streams ..........Canals ..........Wetlands ..........Estuaries ..........Education ..........Researcher ..........Research Technician ..........Student .........Information/library ..........Aquatic ecology ..........Plant physiology ..........Plant taxonomy ..........Ecosystem studies ..........Photography/illustrations ..........Surveying/mapping methodologies ..........Public health ..........Engineering ..........Aquatic plant production/nursery ..........Aquascaping/mitigation ..........APM regulation/permitting ..........APM equipment production/sales ..........APM program administration ..........APM field supervision ..........APM field operations/Technician ..........APM Mechanical ..........APM Herbicides ..........APM Biocontrol fish ..........APM Biocontrol other vertebrates ..........APM Biocontrol invertebrates ..........APM Biocontrol pathogens ..........Aquatic plant utilizationCountries in which you have used your expertise: .......................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Plant species with which you are most familiar: .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Employer: (please check as many as are appropriate) ..........International agency ..........National government ..........State government ..........Local government ..........Private business ..........Research institution ..........Educational institution ..........Regulatory agency ..........Direct APM services ..........Consultants ..........Equipment/Herbicide Mfg. ..........Retired http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~19.html (2 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:06 PM]

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16(2) Database of Personnel If you would like further information about how to join the Aquatic Plant Management Society, please check here: _____ Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~19.html (3 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:06 PM]

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16(2) Melaleuca AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 A View on Melaleuca... From Down Under by Tim Low, Queensland, Australia Very few Australians realise that our paperbark tea tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia) has become a weed in Florida. In Australia, it is a well known tree often planted in parks. It is also an important source of honey to beekeepers, and the bark is sometimes gathered to line plant pots, and to make bark "paintings". The paperbark is a very successful tree in temperate eastern Australia. In preEuropean times it formed vast forests on coastal swampy land. It replaces eucalypts on seasonally-inundated alluvial soil, forming monotypic forests or woodlands. It also grows within swamps and along the banks of streams in the lower reaches of catchments. Paperbark forests are not a diverse habitat. Often there are no other tree species present. Where the ground is slightly elevated, eucalypts grow as emergents, especially the forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), and also the swamp mahogany (Lophostemon suaveolens). Where the soil becomes saline, paperbarks are replaced by swamp oak (Casuarina glauca). In paperbark forests, the ground cover is usually blady grass (Imperata cylindrica). This grass is very widely distributed in Australia, Asia, and Africa, and it has spread to the United States to become a serious weed. Very few shrubs grow within paperbark forests, and only one vine is common, strawpod (Parsonia straminea). The fauna of paperbark forests is limited. Frogs are usually well-represented by about 8-12 species, and these are preyed upon by the keelback (Tropidonophis mairii), a harmless colubrid snake sometimes found in large numbers. Kangaroos and wallabies are largely confined to areas supporting blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), or other palatable species. Paperbarks do not develop hollow limbs so they do not provide shelter for possums, gliders, parrots, and other hole-nesting http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~3.html (1 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Melaleuca birds. These species will occur where emergent eucalypts are present, but a monotypic stand of paperbarks is very poor habitat for mammals and most birds. Paperbarks flower prolifically and the blossoms attract large numbers of nectarfeeding birds and bats. The birds include several species of honey eater and lorikeet, and there are four species of temperate nectar-feeding bat, ranging in weight from 15 grams up to a kilogram. When a paperbark forest is in bloom, it becomes very noisy, with squawking birds by day, and squabbling bats by night. Feral and domesticated honeybees take much of the honey and nectar. Most of the coastal paperbark forests were cleared in the past for pasture. The remaining stands are threatened by real estate development. In Brisbane, Australia's third largest city, the conservation of remaining paperbarks has become a conservation issue. The Brisbane City Council opposed development of one paperbark stand as a shopping centre, and the site has now become a bushland park called Deagon Wetlands. In a recent book, Wild Places of Greater Brisbane (1996), Brisbane City Council Officer Stephen Poole had this to say about Deagon: "Paperbark forest has the highest loss rate and is under the most threat of any vegetation type in South-East Queensland. This, and its relatively undisturbed nature, make the Deagon Wetlands one of the most important bushland sites within the metropolitan area. The wetlands are administered by Brisbane City Council as a Conservation Reserve, specifically established to protect this fast disappearing habitat." Paperbarks germinate prolifically and grow quickly, and when given the chance, they soon reclaim cleared swampy ground. The species remains very common on disturbed swampy land despite the broad-scale clearing of the past. It is the habitat type that is under threat, not the species. Paperbark remnants are very prone to weed invasion. On one side of the Deagen Wetlands, adjacent to housing, a wide range of garden plants is invading the forest, by courtesy of garden dumping. The worst invader is probably groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia), a declared noxious weed originally introduced from North America as an ornamental. Another weed is broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius), which forms a tall shrub layer along swampy watercourses. This shrub or small tree is widely grown as an ornamental, and its spread as a weed appears to be relatively recent. I have seen lorikeets eating the fruits and birds are apparently spreading the seeds. Another invasive weed is morning glory (Ipomoea http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~3.html (2 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Melaleuca indica). I am aware that Australian insects have been introduced to Florida in a bid to control the spread of melaleuca. I would question whether this is likely to succeed. Melaleucas in Australia are attacked by a very large number of insects yet they still grow naturally in vast monocultures, representing one of the most common trees in the region. In pre-European times it was almost certainly the most common tree along the coastal strip of southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. From the few pictures I have seen, the paperbark forests of Florida look much like the paperbark forests here. However, in Australia, the insect predators are heavily controlled by parasites, and perhaps by birds. For example, the larvae and eggs of the pergid sawfly (Lophyrotoma zonalis) which is being studied for possible introduction into Florida, are heavily parasitised in Australia. One can only hope that in Florida, free from their controlling agents in Australia, the insects will be dramatically successful in controlling Melaleuca. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~3.html (3 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Environmental Professionals AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Environmental Professionals To Be Licensed? Should "environmental professionals" be regulated and licensed by the state in the same way that other professionals are, such as engineers, surveyors, geologists and bankers? The Florida Association of Environmental Professionals, the Florida Lake Management Society, and other organizations think so. They have formed a coalition to file a bill with the Florida Legislature for consideration in its spring 1997 session. Four years in the writing, the bill would require anyone whowants to "practice environmental management" (make ecological predictions or environmental determinations) to have alicense, or to work under the guidance of someone who does. Owners and managers of private companies that offerenvironmental services in the state would be affected. Government workers in general would be exempted, "provided theirwork is reviewed and/or prepared under the supervision of a licensed environmental professional". The management ofagricultural and aquacultural resources are exempt. According to the bill, a licensee must provide proof of "having earned a four-year college degree in one of the environmental managment sciences", "having completed a minimum of 5 accumulative years of experience" and "having met the continuing education requirements." A "grandfather clause" is included in the bill, which allows some applicants to substitute experience for a degree in environmental management. Licensure is a good idea, according to Dr. Tom Cuba, because the general public needs more assurance that reliable ecological decisions are made and that environmental professionals are more liable for their actions; and because there is "too much tax money wasted" on and environmental damage caused by bad environmental management advice and activities. Cuba is the Executive Director of the Environmental ProfessionalsAction Coalition, a lobbying organization that has been shepherding the bill. As of now, according to Cuba, only British Columbia requires licensing of http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~4.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Environmental Professionals itsenvironmental professionals. However, five states are monitoring the progress ofFlorida's bill. "I am very optimistic that it will pass this spring," says Cuba. He isinterested in comments and suggestions: Dr Tom Cuba, Delta Seven, Box 54697, St. Petersburg, FL 33739 (813/532-0709). V.R. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~4.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Accessing the Database AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 APIRS UPDATE How To Download Search Results From The APIRS Database These are instructions as to how remote users can download search results from the APIRS database. First, be sure to follow the new "log on" instructions to be found on the database page of our Web site: http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/database.html http://150.176.214.125 Here is the solution for downloading to your computer the results of a database search. (This would be much easier if APIRS could afford a $17,000 software interface, but this works.) For example, suppose you did the following search, and you want the results at your computer so that you can print them out on your printer. At the search screen, suppose your search was: eichhornia$ and (biogas$ or methan$) The number of "hits" for this query comes to 170 documents, and you want to look at them at your leisure. For demonstration purposes, let's call this printout "biogas". 1) You have completed your search of the database, and you are at a blank "Enter search request [Options]" line. Press return. Also press return after each of the following actions. 2) You are at the "Options" screen. Choose "R" to "Redirect documents". 3) The full pathname to type here will be: /usr/guest/biogas (Note the direction of the "/"--make sure it's right.) 4) Enter your selection [F]: f 5) Enter documents for redirect: all http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~5.html (1 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Accessing the Database 6) Press return when prompted. 7) You are back at the search screen. Follow instructions to log off (and quit the database). 8) Quit your telnet program (your "terminal session"). 9) Start your FTP program. 10) Using FTP commands, you will transfer your search file (in this example, "biogas") from the database computer to your computer. FTP programs are different; some require FTP commmands, some use easy menu choices. For those that require FTP commands: 11) At "ftp" prompt, type: ftp plants.ifas.ufl.edu (Note that there is a single space between "ftp" and "plants") 12) At user, type: guest 13) At password, type: datalist4 14) At "ftp" prompt, type: get /usr/guest/biogas c:\mydirectory\biogas (Note that 1) there is a single space between "get" and "/usr..."and between "biogas" and "c:\my...", and 2) "mydirectory" is the name of the directory on your computer where you want the search file to go.) 15) After transfer, at "ftp" prompt, type: bye 16) Quit FTP 17) Start word processor; load "biogas" file. (You may have to convert the file to ASCII (DOS) Text or some other compatible format for your word processing program.) Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~5.html (2 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Accessing the Database Copyright 2002 University of Florida http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~5.html (3 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Need Specimens! AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 We are looking for plant material to draw! If you have an aquatic or wetland plant specimen that you need a botanically accurate drawing of, please send it to APIRS. We will make the drawing, send you a free reproduction of it, and include the drawing in our line-drawings package. (See elsewhere in AQUAPHYTE Online for the list of plants already drawn.) Please contact Vic Ramey at APIRS for more information: CAIPWEBSITE@ufl.edu or 352/392-1799. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~6.html [6/6/2008 2:13:07 PM]

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16(2) Coloring Page AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Coloring Page To Be Shown On The Internet Uncolored copies of the line drawing shown below (of a Florida scene by Ann Murray) are available for free and ready to color. Send the colored pictures to APIRS and we will display them on our Web site for all to enjoy. (Because of technical considerations, you cannot download this line drawing from the Internet: you must contact APIRS for free 8" X 10" copies, or you may photocopy the drawing which is included in the latest printed issue (Winter, 1996) of AQUAPHYTE.) Plants depicted include cattail (Typha), fire flag (Thalia), duck potato (Sagittaria), lotus (Nelumbo), water lily (Nymphaea), red ludwigia (Ludwigia), blue flag (Iris), smartweed (Polygonum), bur reed (Sparganium), and tape grass (Vallisneria). Here are some colorings received so far. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~7.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:08 PM]

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16(2) Coloring Page Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~7.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:08 PM]

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16(2) Have Camera AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Have Camera--Will Travel The APIRS office has made some thirty video programs about aquatic plants and the management of aquatic and wetland ecosystems. If you have anything to do with the study and management of freshwater ecosystems, you likely have seen some of our videos: plant ID; aquatic plant management; lake eutrophication; environmental careers... We now stand ready to make more. If you have ideas for video programs that should be made about freshwater environments, and have the necessary funding to act, consider contacting the Information Office of the Center for Aquatic Plants of the University of Florida. If you have the necessary funding to act but have no ready ideas, again, please consider contacting the Information Office of the Center for Aquatic Plants of the University of Florida. We have a list of video ideas and treatments about the functioning and management of aquatic and wetland ecosystems, for audiences ranging from middle-school children to lakeside homeowners to environmental management personnel. Call Vic Ramey, Information Office, Center for Aquatic Plants, 7922 NW 71 ST, Gainesville, FL 32653-3071. Phone: 352/392-1799; E-mail: CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl. edu Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~22.html [6/6/2008 2:13:09 PM]

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16(2) 4-H Wetlands Program AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 4-H Wetlands Program St. Lucie County 4-H realizes the importance of Florida's wetlands. A wetlands 4-H school enrichment program was developed by 4-H Agriculture Agent Susan Munyan and 4-H Program Assistant Debbie McNeill to bring appreciation and understanding of our wetlands to students. In the classroom, 4th and 5th grade students learn what a wetland is, some of the different forms of wetlands, and typical wetland plants and animals. The program is concluded with a wetlands field trip that tests their classroom studies. Students visit several natural and man-made wetlands. Using the University of Florida produced "Aquatic Plant Identification Deck", teams of students are asked to identify plants and signs of wildlife found in the wetlands. This team approach encourages students to collectively use their wetlands knowledge. Through classroom and hands-on experience, 795 students are to be an interactive part of the St. Lucie County 4-H wetlands program. These students will be able to determine a wetland by the plants and animals found. Students also begin to understand the significance of Florida's wetlands to the environment. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~8.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:10 PM]

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16(2) 4-H Wetlands Program Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~8.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:10 PM]

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16(2) APROPOS AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 APROPOS APROPOS the aquatic plant management strategy planner is under development by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and needs "beta testers". This is "a computer assisted tool to help the aquatic plant manager integrate all the information available for developing management plans." The main menu will allow the user to access a planner, as well as literature databases, simulation tools, field techniques toolbox, control technique toolbox, database menu, and, of course, a "help menu". If you are interested in testing and commenting on APROPOS, contact John Madsen (E-mail: madsenj@ex1.wes.army.mil; (214/436-2215)) or Bob Gunkel (E-mail: gunkelr@ex1.wes.army.mil; (601/634-3722)). Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w96~9.html [6/6/2008 2:13:10 PM]

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16(2) Handbook needs authors AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Handbook Needs Authors The Handbook of Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Caribbean and Bahamas Islands is being coordinated by Drs. Rodulio Caudales and Efren Vega of the University of Botswana. They have put out a request for scientists interested in writing sections on various families of plants. For more information, contact Dr. Rodulio Caudales, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, BOTSWANA; E-mail: caudales@noka.ub.bw Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~10.html [6/6/2008 2:13:11 PM]

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16(2) Aquatic Exotic News AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Aquatic Exotic News--Hydrilla in Connecticut The Fall 1996 issue of Aquatic Exotics News includes an account of the spread of Hydrilla verticillata into New England. Prof. Donald Les discovered the federally prohibited plant densely grown to the surface in a Connecticut pond. Les was lead to the site when he happened to recognize an error in a herbarium record: what Les recognized as hydrilla had been misidentified by the herbarium in 1989 as Egeria densa. Thus, hydrilla was introduced to Connecticut at least seven years ago. Aquatic Exotics News is the newsletter of the Northeast (USA) Sea Grant Network at the University of Connecticut at Avery Point. Ms. Nancy Balcom edits the 4-8 page newsletter, and it is published twice a year. The latest issue included the report cited above, as well as a zebra mussel update from Vermont; a notice about the "storm drain stencil program" in Connecticut and purple loosestrife publications; and information about upcoming lake management meetings. For information on subscribing to Aquatic Exotics News, contact Nancy Balcom, Connecticut Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, University of Connecticut, 1084 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, CT 06340-6097. Aquatic Exotics News and other information from the Connecticut Sea Grant Program also may be accessed on the World Wide Web at: http://www.ucc.uconn. edu/~wwwsgo Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~11.html [6/6/2008 2:13:11 PM]

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16(2) Prohibited Aquatic Plants AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Prohibited Aquatic Plants Out and About? In an effort to not curtail the sale of commercially valuable plant species, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management, is revising its Florida Administrative Code, Rule 62C52 on Aquatic Plant Importation, Transportation, Non-Nursery Cultivation, Possession and Collection, to allow the sale of prohibited aquatic plant material proven to be non-viable. Commercial uses for prohibited plants include selling the bright red berries of Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius, as ornamentals at Christmas. The berries are sterilised using heat and methyl bromide fumigation treatments. The new rule will allow permits for the collection, transportation and sale of the berries providing collection and transportation methods are secure against accidental dispersal and the plant material is proven to be sterile. The rule change was considered partly in response to complaints from commercial growers and members of Florida's Asian community who have shown a strong desire to grow water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica. Water spinach is widely grown and eaten as a vegetable in Vietnam and other areas in Asia. It repeatedly has been found growing illegally in Florida waterbodies and commercial nurseries, and being sold in Asian food markets. Growers in Hillsborough County signed a legal consent order agreeing to destroy their crops if inspectors could obtain a positive identification of the plant by a third party. Dr. Dan Austin, a botanist with the University of South Florida, grew plant samples to the flowering stage and verified that they were indeed Ipomoea aquatica. Under the new rule, permit applications would be evaluated based on the demonstrated non-viability of the plant material. Research is now underway at the University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, on methods of rendering Ipomoea aquatica non-viable, possibly using irradiation. If this is accomplished to the satisfaction of DEP, growers may begin cultivating water spinach under quarantine conditions. Another product which so far has been allowed is the sale of Hydrilla verticillata in powdered, capsuled form. (In Florida, the powdered material is made from hydrilla http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~12.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:11 PM]

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16(2) Prohibited Aquatic Plants which has been mechanically harvested and left on the banks of Lake Seminole, so the plant is not being cultivated.) The product is billed as "100% Hydrilla, a unique, wild harvested' freshwater herb, the most recently discovered antioxidant, phytonutrient, complex enzyme, whole food concentrate, a muscle builder, energy enhancer, nutrient provider, anti-arthritic, free radical scavenger, with applications for stress management, skin disorders and age associated diseases..." The product's purveyors also claim that hydrilla "helps control toxic reactions caused by drugs and chemical exposures from our diet and environment." Meanwhile, hydrilla is the number one aquatic weed problem in the state of Florida, with approximately 13 million dollars allocated for its control during the 1996-1997 fiscal year. Ninety capsules retail for about $36.00. Step right up, folks! K.B. Florida bills and legislation may be viewed on the WWW. For bills prefiled for the 1997 session, substitute "1997" for "1996". House: http://www.scri.fsu.edu/fla-leg/bill-info/1996/house_index.html Senate: http://www.scri.fsu.edu/fla-leg/bill-info/1996/senate_index.html Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~12.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:11 PM]

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16(2) America's Least Wanted AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 America's Least Wanted -Alien Species Invasions of U.S. Ecosystems This report and video about non-native plants and animals by The Nature Conservancy declares that "an invasion is underway that is undermining our nation's economy and endangering our most precious natural treasures." The organization claims that "just 79 of them have cost the U.S. economy $97 billion in direct losses from 1906 to 1991." The report profiles "the dirty dozen of the least wanted", exotic species that exemplify the range of problems caused by exotic species. Included is information about the species (including range maps), the problems caused by them, and things individuals can do to stop them. The dirty dozen are: 1) Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha 2) Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria 3) Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris 4) Tamarisk Tamarix species 5) Rosy wolfsnail Euglandina rosea 6) Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula 7) Green crab Carcinus maenas 8) Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata 9) Balsam wooly adelgid Adelges piceae 10) Miconia Miconia calvescens 11) Chinese tallow Sapium sebiferum 12) Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis The report and video are available from: The Nature Conservancy Communications Department 1815 North Lynn Street Arlington, VA 22209-2003 (703/841-8745) It is also available at http://www.tnc.org/science/library http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~15.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:12 PM]

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16(2) America's Least Wanted Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~15.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:12 PM]

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16(2) Azolla Growth AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 The Uncontrolled Growth of Azolla in the Guadiana River by Francisco Carrapio*, M.H. Costa, M.L. Costa, G. Teixeira, A.A. Frazao, M.C.R. Santos, M.V. Baioa *Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: F. Carrapico@cc.fc.ul.pt Also, see The Azolla Page at http://skull.cc.fc.ul.pt/~bfcarrap/Main_Azolla.html The Guadiana River is an international one that has its spring in Spain (Campo Montiel) and its mouth between Ayamonte and Vila Real de Santo Antnio (Algarve, Portugal). The basin area of the river is about 67,000 km2, of which 12,000 km2 are in Portuguese territory. In 1990-1993, southern Portugal experienced low rainfall with long dry seasons. This factor, combined with several dams along the river, caused low water flow during 1993. In addition, farming and industrial activity in the upper area of the Guadiana, together with untreated domestic effluents from several towns and villages, contributed to organic contamination of the Guadiana River that year. Lower flows (3.64 1.13 m3/s) also promoted higher nutrient concentrations. Maximum Azolla growth requires a phosphorus level of over 0.4 mg/L. At different river sites during the first months of 1993, the phosphorous levels changed, with maximum concentration values in April between 5.36 and 0.63 mg/L P. In April 1993, a massive Azolla fern bloom occurred. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~16.html (1 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Azolla Growth Azolla caroliniana normally exists in small channels or in restricted zones of the upper Guadiana River. In the lower Guadiana River, the bloom was composed of Azolla filiculoides. The number of sporulated plants in 1993 was %. This fact, associated with the high nutrient concentration in the river, allowed the fern to expand into new areas, ending with the explosive bloom observed in 1993. In some areas, Azolla covered the surface for several kilometres along the river. The situation was the worst near the village of Mrtola and produced panic among the population, especially the fishing community. Fishing was difficult and the fish caught could not be sold due to local suspicion that it was poisoned. The explosive growth of the Azolla represented the first occurrence in Portugal of such a large scale uncontrolled growth of this fern in a river. As a consequence, governmental authorities took a special interest. Aerial photographs of the river were taken to document the extent of the coverage and military forces were brought in to control and isolate the area. The situation grew into a national event with intense media coverage. Unfortunately, some of the news reported was incorrect or exaggerated, contributing to the panic of the population. Decisions by the government to remove the Azolla were rash and without scientific support. In the first removal efforts made by the local and military authorities, large amounts of the fern were harvested and placed on the river banks to dry. A large quantity of http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~16.html (2 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Azolla Growth juvenile eels (Anguilla anguilla) were found in the harvested biomass, which was a cause of great concern. Apparently, the Azolla bloom had coincided with the migration of juvenile eels in the river. Due to concern that the fern biomas, which covered large areas of the river, could cause eutrophic conditions, a monitoring survey of the main water quality parameters was done and the Azolla biomass was removed in the most problematic areas. The catastrophic event ended with the closing of the life cycle of Azolla and the disappearance of its vegetative structure. However, the incident left an important message for our environmental authorities who need to examine weed management in Portugal. The way a civil population can react to an unusual ecological situation and how the media can contribute to the amplification of the situation, perhaps leading to panic, are important points to be considered for management models developed in the future. All of these events reinforce our belief that only with monitoring and prevention, involving central and local authorities with an adequate environmental education, can we solve future problems like those experienced in April of 1993. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~16.html (3 of 3) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Aquatic Plant Drawings List AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Aquatic Plant Drawings Package For Sale The very popular APIRS aquatic plant line drawings collection is now for sale. As of December 1996, there are 115 looseleaf pages of drawings in the collection, which grows monthly. For more information... 1 Freshwater Scenics 2 Illustrated Glossary of plant parts 3 Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed 4 Andropogon glomeratus Bushy beardgrass 5 Arundo donax Giant reed 6 Azolla caroliniana Azolla 7 Bacopa caroliniana Blue-hyssop 8 Bidens laevis Bur-marigold 9 Brachiaria mutica 10 Brasenia schreberi Water shield 11 Cabomba aquatica Fanwort 12 Carex spp. Sedge 13 Carex comosa Sedge 14 Carex glaucescens Sedge 15 Casuarina spp. Australian pine 16 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush 17 Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail 18 Chara spp. Muskgrass 19 Cicuta mexicana Water hemlock 20 Cladium jamaicense Saw-grass 21 Colocasia esculenta Wild Taro 22 Colubrina asiatica 23 Crassula helmsii Swamp stonecrop 24 Cyperus distinctus Flat sedge 25 Cyperus odoratus Flat sedge 26 Decodon verticillatus Swamp loosestrife http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~18.html (1 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Aquatic Plant Drawings List 27 Dichromena colorata White-top sedge, Star rush 28 Egeria densa 29 Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth 30 Eichhornia crassipes (2nd drawing) 31 Eleocharis baldwinii Slender spikerush 32 Eriocaulon decangulare Pipewort 33 Habenaria blephariglottis White fringed orchid 34 Helianthus angustifolius Narrow-leaf sunflower 35 Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla 36 Hydrilla comparisons: Hydrilla-Elodea-Egeria 37 Hydrocotyle spp. 38 Hygrophila polysperma Hygro 39 Ipomoea aquatica Water spinach 40 Ipomoea fistulosa 41 Juncus effusus Soft rush 42 Juncus elliottii Bogrush 43 Lachnanthes caroliniana Redroot 44 Lagarosiphon spp. African elodea 45 Lemna minor* Duckweed 46 Liatris spicata Blazing star 47 Lilium catesbaei Pine lily 48 Limnobium spongia Frog's bit 49 Limnocharis flava Flowering rush 50 Limnophila sessiliflora Ambulia 51 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal-flower 52 Ludwigia alternifolia Seed-box, Rattle-box 53 Ludwigia peruviana Primrose-willow 54 Ludwigia repens Red ludwigia 55 Luziola fluitans Watergrass 56 Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern 57 Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife 58 Melaleuca quinquenervia Melaleuca 59 Mimosa pigra Giant sensitive plant 60 Monochoria hastata 61 Monochoria vaginalis 62 Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather 63 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Variable-leaf milfoil http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~18.html (2 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Aquatic Plant Drawings List 64 Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water milfoil 65 Najas guadalupensis Southern naiad 66 Nechamandra alternifolia 67 Nelumbo lutea American lotus 68 Nitella spp. Stonewort 69 Nuphar spp. Cow lily, Spatterdock 70 Nymphaea spp. Water lily 71 Oryza rufipogon Wild red rice 72 Oscillatoria spp.** 73 Oxypolis filiformis Water dropwort 74 Panicum hemitomon Maidencane 75 Panicum repens Torpedograss 76 Paspalum urvillei Vasey grass 77 Pennisetum purpureum Elephant grass 78 Phragmites australis Common reed 79 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce 80 Polygonum densiflorum Knotweed 81 Polygonum hydropiperoides Smartweed 82 Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed 83 Pontederia rotundifolia Tropical pickerelweed 84 Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois pondweed 85 Potamogeton pusillus 86 Rhynchospora cephalantha Beak rush 87 Rhynchospora inundata Beak rush 88 Ruellia brittoniana 89 Sagittaria lancifolia Duck potato 90 Sagittaria stagnorum 91 Salvinia (S. molesta, S. minima, S. auriculata) Salvinia 92 Salvinia rotundifolia (minima) Salvinia 93 Saururus cernuus Lizard's-tail 94 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper-tree 95 Scirpus californicus Giant bulrush 96 Solanum tampicense Aquatic soda apple 97 Sparganium americanum Bur-reed 98 Sparganium erectum Exotic bur-reed 99 Spirodela polyrhiza* Giant duckweed 100 Spirogyra spp.** http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~18.html (3 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Aquatic Plant Drawings List 101 Stratiotes aloides Water soldier, Water aloe 102 Thalia geniculata Fire flag 103 Trapa spp. Water chestnut 104 Typha (T. domingensis, T. latifolia) Cattail 105 Ulothrix spp.** 106 Utricularia purpurea Bladderwort 107 Utricularia radiata Bladderwort 108 Vallisneria americana Tapegrass 109 Viola spp. American violet 110 Vossia cuspidata Hippo grass 111 Wolffia spp.* Water-meal 112 Xyris spp. Yellow-eyed grass 113 Zizania aquatica Wild rice 114 Zizaniopsis miliaceae Giant cutgrass *Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffia on Lemna page **Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Ulothrix on Spirogyra page Artists: Raphael Gottlieb Jean Putnam Hancock Laura Line Ann Murray Katrina Vitkus Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~18.html (4 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:13 PM]

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16(2) Electronic Media Page AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 The Electronic Media Page CD -Zebra Mussel Information System--ZMISA single CD for Microsoft Windows, produced by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers This is truly an all-in-one information source about the new scourge of U.S. dams and other water control operations, recreational areas and ecological zones: zebra mussels and quagga mussels. In this CD, you'll find well-organized and easy-to-use interfaces to: larval and adult identification of zebra and quagga mussels, including many pictures; complete hot-linked text; impacts on industry, recreation and ecosystems; life history diagrams and text; comparisons to several other species of mussels; distribution maps over time; risk assessment software; detection and monitoring systems; management and control options; case studies; molluscicide issues; hundreds of references according to topic; a separate picture list... The creators of this CD knew what they were doing. It works. The authors of this CD are working on two more: Aquatic Plant Information System (APIS), ID information on 60 aquatic plants, including biocontrol information on 18 of them; and the Noxious and Nuisance Plant Management Information System (PMIS), ID and control information on 34 terrestrial and aquatic weeds. Both are due for release in 1997. Order from Dr. Michael Grodowitz, CEWES-ER-A, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180; (601/634-2972). E-mail: GrodowM@exl.wes.army.mil CD -Aquatic Plants Field Identification GuideA single CD or multiple diskettes for Microsoft Windows, produced by the http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~20.html (1 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Electronic Media Page Texas Agricultural Extension Service Sixty-eight plants are indexed and depicted in this CD. Each plant treatment includes a photograph and a sometimes too-brief description, plus a line drawing. The plants are indexed by common name, or may be searched by category: floating, algae, emersed, shoreline/marginal or submersed. Order from Prof. James Davis, Extension Specialist, 102 Nagle Hall, College Station, TX 77843-2258; (409/845-7473). E-mail: jdavis21@tamu.edu CD -Weeds of the United StatesA single CD for Microsoft Windows, produced for the Southern Weed Science Society by Information Design "This CD contains almost 1600 color photographs, detailed descriptions and distribution maps of 300 weeds of the continental United States. The program also includes illustrated lessons and quizzes on the principles of plant identification and an illustrated glossary of botanical terms that is hot-linked to the lessons and weed descriptions." This CD does not feature an identification key; you simply must know the name of the plant you want information about. This product does feature a unique and thorough collection of photographs of seeds and seedlings of weeds, which farmers presumably would come across first in well-maintained fields, but there is a noticeable dearth of photos of mature weeds in their habitats, nor does the CD include drawings of these plants. If this CD, with its good-looking interface to plant identification information and its intensive hyper-linking, could be combined with Plant-ID, the computerized "key" (described below) that enables users to sort 2,000 weed species by their characteristics but has no pictures or other information, then you'd really have a weed CD! Order from Southern Weed Science Society, 1508 West University Avenue, Champaign, IL 61821-3133; (217/353-4212). $90.00. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~20.html (2 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Electronic Media Page Floppy -Plant-ID: Weeds and Toxic Plants of U.S. and CanadaA single 3.5" floppy disk, that runs in DOS on a PC, produced by the University of Idaho This computer program acts as a key to aid the user in identifying more than 2,000 species of weeds growing in fields, lawns and gardens of North America. By selecting a few of more than 50 possible characteristics for "non-grass-like" plants, or more than 40 characteristics for "grass-like" plants, the user automatically takes advantage of the computer's ability to combine and re-combine, thus making it more likely for a non-botanist to identify a plant. The program includes a good manual that depicts the possible characteristics. What the program does not include are plant descriptions, pictures, graphics and drawings --users are expected to refer to other media for these. Order from Weed Diagnostic Lab, Department of PSES, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339; (208/885-7831). $99.95. Video -Restoring the Balance: Biological Control of Purple LoosestrifeA 28-minute video produced by Cornell University This video is a primer about the exotic nuisance marsh plant, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), its impacts on North American wetlands, previous attempts since the 1970s to control its spread and infestations, and the new emphasis on identifying and introducing biological controls to help manage it. The video includes details on several weevils and other insects being studied as biocontrol agents, and includes footage showing how to augment and enhance field populations of the insects. This video is very instructive for viewers interested in biological control of any aquatic plants, whether loosestrife or hydrilla. The only problem is, there is no conclusion: it will be "several years" before the scientists and video makers will know whether the released insects have any effect on the target plant. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~20.html (3 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Electronic Media Page Order from Cornell University, Media Services Center, 7 Cornell Business & Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850; (607/255-2090). $24.95 plus S/H. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~20.html (4 of 4) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Bladderworts AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996Getting To Know The Natives Spin-The-Wheel-Bladderworts by Kathy Craddock Burks, Botanist, Technical Services, Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 3917 Commonwealth Blvd., MS 710, Tallahassee, FL 32399, 904/487-2600. Aquatic bladderworts (Utricularia spp.) are submersed, rootless, carnivorous plants. Their stems, with leaflike branching, may grow to over a meter long, and most bear small "urnlike" bladders that trap and digest tiny animals. These plants also provide habitat for invertebrates and juvenile fish. Among Florida's 14 species of bladderwort are two that are often confused because of their similar habit. They have distinctive swollen lateral branches ("floats") that radiate from a node of the flowering stalk like spokes of a wheel. Both Utricularia inflata and U. radiata form these easily recognized floating "wheels." Both have yellow flowers, and both have submersed stems below the floats with highly dissected leaflike branching. Of course, both have bladders that are typical of the genus. However, upon closer inspection, one can use several other characteristics to distinguish the two species. The larger of the two is U. inflata, with usually longer, wider floats and a flower scape rising as much as 15 cm above them (compared to a maximum scape length above the floats of 6 cm for U. radiata). Also, the floats in U. inflata gradually taper in width toward the center of the whorl, while those in U. radiata do not, except for a brief, more abrupt tapering near the axis. But admittedly, such morphological features can be difficult to discern when you have only one of the two species at hand. Clearer distinctions can be found in the inflorescence. The scape of U. inflata may bear 4 to 18 flowers, with a usual number of 10 or 11, while U. radiata may bear 1 to 7 flowers but most often has 3 or 4. The individual mature fruiting stalks are http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~17.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Bladderworts usually recurved (bent downward) in U. inflata, and nearly always erect or ascending in U. radiata. The small leaflike bract at the base of individual flower stalks is definitely longer than broad in U. inflata, and unlobed; in U. radiata, the bract is lobed and broader than long. And not least of all, the protrusion of extra petal tissue seen on the "back" of each flower i.e., the corolla spur differs in the two plants: its tip is usually notched in U. inflata, and not so in U. radiata. The two species also differ in their mode of vegetative reproduction. When plants of U. inflata are stranded on exposed muck or mud, they frequently produce long threadlike branches among the "leafy" stems, with each "thread" bearing a tiny tuber at its tip. U. radiata does not produce tubers, but under similar conditions will form tiny vegetative buds at the axils of smaller branches. (Either species may turn up in great numbers following a drought or drawdown event in a shallow waterbody, and then return to relative obscurity in the plant community at higher, stabilized water levels.) Both of these bladderworts occur in all regions of the state, although U. inflata is the more commonly seen species. Its distribution extends on the Coastal Plain from New Jersey and Delaware to south Florida, and west to eastern Texas. The smaller species, U. radiata, is more cold-hardy, and ranges north to Nova Scotia, west to Indiana and Arkansas, and south to Florida. For more information contact the address above. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~17.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:14 PM]

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16(2) Meetings AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Meetings INTECOL VII INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ECOLOGY. July 19-25, 1998. Florence, Italy. Organized by the International Association for Ecology (INTECOL) in conjunction with the Italian Ecological Society (SltE), the motto of this congress is New Tasks for Ecologists after Rio 1992. It is an invitation to all ecologists to come together to examine the relationships of human activities and the environment in both scientific and social dimensions. Contact: Almo Farina, Secretariat VII International Congress of Ecology, c/o Lunigiana Museum of Natural History, Fortezza della Brunella, 54011 AULLA, Italy; WWW: http://www.tamnet.it/intecol.98 WORKSHOPS--WORKING WITH WETLANDS AND WILDLIFE. January 28-29, 1997, Houston, Texas. February 25-26, 1997, Atlanta, Georgia. These two day workshops are to "demonstrate the most effective and efficient means of planning and implementing wetlands restoration, creation, and management projects, and to promote pro-active management of wetlands for maximum benefits." The workshops are sponsored by the Wildlife Habitat Council in cooperation with the US EPA, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the US Fish & Wildlife Service and Svoboda Ecological Resources. Contact: Wildlife Habitat Council, 1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 920, Silver Spring, MD 20910; telephone: 301/588-8994; fax: 301/588-4629; E-mail: whc@cais.com; WWW: http://www.wildlifehc.org/wildlifehc http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~13.html (1 of 5) [6/6/2008 2:13:15 PM]

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16(2) Meetings SECOND NORTHEAST CONFERENCE ON NON-INDIGENOUS AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES. February 7-8, 1997. Burlington, Vermont. Connecticut Sea Grant, University of Connecticut, and the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation are sponsoring a two-day conference to discuss current research on non-indigenous aquatic species in the northeastern United States. Contact: Nancy Balcom, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, 1084 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, CT 06340; telephone: 860/405-9127 VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMFUL ALGAE. June 25-29, 1997. Vigo, Spain. Contact: Beatriz Reguera, Conference Coordinator, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Apartado 1552, 36280 Vigo, Spain. 1997 RESEARCH REVIEW AND AQUATIC PLANT MANAGERS WORKSHOP. March 11-12, 1997. Gainesville, Florida. Recently completed and current research being conducted on aquatic plant management throughout Florida will be presented, together with an assessment of the future of aquatic plant management. Contact: Office of Conferences, University of Florida, IFAS, telephone: 352/3925930; E-mail: conf@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu 22ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS. May http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~13.html (2 of 5) [6/6/2008 2:13:15 PM]

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16(2) Meetings 19-23, 1997. Orlando, Florida. A combination technical conference and trade show, which addresses local, national and international environmental issues associated with government, industry, small business, sustainable development, stakeholder involvement, NEPA, and risk management. Held in conjunction with Environmental Resource EXPO 97, billed as the largest environmental industry trade show in the Southeast. Contact: Helen Merkel, Horne Engineering and Environmental Services, 4501 Ford Ave., Suite 1100, Alexandria, VA 22302. SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS. April 26 May 3, 1997, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada Organized by the International Federation for Information Processing and the German Computer Society. The symposium will include course lectures for students and faculty on Tools for Environmental Informatics, with advanced credit provided at several institutions. The theme of the course is environmental data management and environmental information systems to bridge gaps in time and space in data, information and knowledge. Participating universities are University of Waterloo, University of Guelph, Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes, and Fachhochschule Nuertingen. Contact: Dr. David Swayne, Department of Computing & Information Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1; Fax: 519/837-0323; Email: dswayne@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ECOSYSTEMS RESTORATION & CREATION. May 15-16, 1997. Tampa, Florida. Sponsored by the Hillsborough Community College Institute of Florida Studies. The conference will provide a forum for the nationwide exchange of scientific research http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~13.html (3 of 5) [6/6/2008 2:13:15 PM]

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16(2) Meetings in the restoration, creation and management of total ecosystems including freshwater and coastal wetlands and upland and transitional areas. Contact: Frederick Webb, Hillsborough Community College, Institute of Florida Studies, Plant City Campus, 1206 N. Park Road, Plant City, FL 33566; telephone: 813/757-2104; E-mail: webb@mail.hcc.cc.fl.us AQUATIC WEED SHORT COURSE. May 12-15, 1997. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sponsored by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS). The course will offer continuing education units for Pesticide Applicator Certification in categories including Aquatic, Right-of-Way, Aerial, Ornamental and Turf, CORE, Demonstration & Research, and Regulatory. Contact: University of Florida, IFAS, Office of Conferences, telephone: 352/3925930. 18TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF WETLAND SCIENTISTS. June 1-6, 1997. Bozeman, Montana. The technical program will focus on the wetland functions and management theme of the meeting, Wetlands Heritage and Stewardship. Several field trips are planned. Contact: Montana State University, Conference Services, Room 280F, Strand Union, Bozeman, MT 59717-0402; fax: 406/994-3228. To submit abstracts: Paul Hook, Dept. Animal & Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-2900; telephone: 406/994-3724; E-mail: bozeman97@sws.org; WWW: http:// www.sws.org COMMUNITIES WORKING FOR WETLANDS. May 7-9, 1997. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~13.html (4 of 5) [6/6/2008 2:13:15 PM]

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16(2) Meetings Alexandria, Virginia. Billed as an American Wetlands Month Celebration, the meeting will be a gathering of people interested and sharing experiences in community-based wetlands conservation. Contact: Communities Working for Wetlands, c/o Terrene Institute, 4 Herbert St., Alexandria, VA 22305; telephone: 800/726-4853; fax: 703/548-6299; E-mail: terrene@gnn.com EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA LAKE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY. May 7-9, 1997. West Palm Beach, Florida. The conference theme is "New Perspectives and Tools for Lake and Watershed Management". Contact: Chuck Hanlon, Conference Chairman, South Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 24680, West Palm Beach, FL 33416-4680; telephone: 561/6876748; E-mail: charles.hanlon@sfwmd.gov Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~13.html (5 of 5) [6/6/2008 2:13:15 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 Books/Reports EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES IN CHINAA Gift To The 4th International Conference on the Conservation and Management of Lakes, "Hangzhou '90", edited by J. Xiangcan, L. Hongliang, T. Qingying, Z. Zongshe and Z. Xuan. 1990. 652 pp. (In English.) (Order from Prof. Jin Xiangcan, Water Environmental Institue of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beiyuan, Beijing, 100012, CHINA. US$150.00.) Ecologists and limnologists of the Chinese Academy of Science have compiled a very large amount of research, graphs and maps about the status of the highly diverse lakes (and reservoirs) of China in a well-produced, very well-written book. There are no other such resources about the lakes of China in the APIRS library. In two parts, this tome is 1) "a comprehensive introduction to the lakes' environmental characteristics" and 2) a review and compilation of dozens of eutrophication studies by many Chinese scientists. Part One includes information on all conceivable characteristics from sediment granularity to the effects of tourists to the distributions of indicator species. Part Two (the remaining 500 pages) presents the trophic states of five regions of China, as well as separate reviews of urban lakes and reservoirs. There are no indexes or appendixes. PONDWEEDS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 8, by C.D. Preston. 1995. 352 pp. (Order from the Botanical Society of the British Isles, Publications, Green Acre, Wood Lane, Oundle, Peterborough PE8 5TP, GREAT BRITAIN. (Tel. 01832 273388)) This book is "intended as an identification guide rather than a taxonomic monograph" for those who are "reasonably familiar" with botany. The first third is http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (1 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports an introduction to the biology of Potamogeton species in the British Isles, and includes chapters on prehistory, nomenclature, classification, evolution, hybridisation, structure, life history, habitats, distribution, and collection and preservation. The second part of the book presents two keys to 50 species (including a couple of Ruppias and Groenlandia densa). Each species is treated by descriptions, maps and excellent line drawings. RESERVOIR FISHERIES OF INDIA, by V.V. Sugunan. 1995. 423 pp. (In English.) (Order from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Publications Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, ITALY. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 345.) The per capita availability of fish in India is 3.2 kg while the world average is 12.1 kg. To increase inland fish production will require using Indian reservoirs, about which documentation is "grossly inadequate." This research literature review will provide "a baseline" to "assess the potential for culture-based fisheries enhancement of reservoirs in the region." The book begins with a national perspective on inland fisheries in India, as well as maps and charts of reservoir distribution, soils, and climate. The remaining 13 chapters present the facts and figures from each state, including stocking methods and rates, yields, and water chemistry. DICTIONARY OF PLANT NAMES, In Latin, German, English and French, by H. Nikolov. 1996. 926 pp. ISBN 3-443-50019-6 (Order from J. Cramer, Gebruder Borntraeger, Johannesstr. 3A, D-70176 Stuttgart, GERMANY. Tel: 0711/625001. US$128.00.) This books lists 14,500 generic names and as many species and 1,600 synonyms, for about 600 families of plants, bacteria included. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (2 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TIDAL MARSHES A Model from the Gulf of Mexico, edited by C.L. Coultas and Y.-P. Hsieh. 1997. 352 pp. ISBN 1-57444-026-8 (Order from St Lucie Press, 100 E Linton Blvd., Suite 403B, Delray Beach, FL 33483. (407/274-9906.) US$59.95 plus S/H.) This book introduces the reader to the highly productive intertidal salt marshes of Florida's Gulf of Mexico coast. Florida has more intertidal wetlands than Georgia and the Carolinas combined. It is illustrated with charts, graphs and ok-quality blackand-white photographs. Included are 12 review chapters on various aspects of intertidal marshes, such as functions, geology, soils, vegetation, primary productivity and animals. The chapter on legal protection was written by lawyers, and the one on management was written by specialists of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. This book also includes chapters on how "to value" wetlands and the things that live in them. Chapter 8, written by Professors H.T. Odum and D.A. Hornbeck, is a tutorial on how to use Odum's highly-complex "EMERGY measure" (named in 1983) to "estimate the contributions of marsh production and storage to real wealth"; that is to say, to calculate the monetary value of marshes. Using EMERGY, Odum and Hornbeck calculate that marshes around Cedar Key, Florida, contribute to the "potential for growth" of the town to the tune of $55.3 million (1990 $). Therefore, the "potential public value that depends on marshes is $5,839/ha/year (1990 $)." Appendixes that list the terrestrial vertebrates and aquatic insects of Florida's Gulf coast tidal marshes complete this compendium. WILDLIFE COMMUNITY HABITAT EVALUATION: A MODEL FOR DECIDUOUS PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS IN MARYLAND Final Report, by R.L. Schroeder. 1996. 42 pp. (Order from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Technical Report WRP-DE-14. Final Report from the US National Biological Service to the US Army Corps of Engineers.) This publication is a description of and tutorial for the use of the "Habitat Model", a mathematical procedure that "predicts [species] richness from an evaluation of http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (3 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports habitat and spatial variables, with the highest levels of richness assumed to be found in mature, unfragmented forested wetland tracts." AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, by C.A. AulbachSmith and S.J. de Kozlowski. Second Edition. 1996. 128 pp. (Order from K. Horan, SCDNR, Water Resources Division, 1201 Main Street, Suite 1100, Columbia, SC 29201, (803/737-0800.) $15.00.) This expanded version of the 1990 edition includes treatments for more than 120 species. It is a well-made book profusely illustrated with exceptional (though smallish) color photographs and line drawings. This manual does not include a key to the species, though the book is divided into sections: submersed; floating; shoreline and wetland; grasses, sedges and rushes; and algae. ATLAS OF GRACILARIA SPORE CULTURE, by E.P. Glenn, D.W. Moore, C.Y. Machado, K.M. Fitzsimmons and S.E. Menke. 1996. 33 pp. (Order from Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Arizona, 2601 E Airport DR, Tucson, AZ 85706 (520/741-1990.) This publication resembles a ready-made "business plan" for starting the business of seaweed aquaculture. The spiral-bound manual explains how to prepare and operate a spore culture facility, in which Gracilaria (a red seaweed) is grown and harvested. Gracilaria is consumed around the world where it is the raw material for gel agar and other foodstuffs. Its increasing demand is not being met by the industry's depleting natural sources in the seas of Asia and South America; aquacultural sources must be expanded. In many large, very good black-and-white photographs, the Gracilaria life cycle and its aquaculture are depicted. Chapters also explain how to collect data and keep records, and presents the "Moloka'i experience" in Hawaii, including listing installation and operating costs, with depreciation schedule and 5-year-cash-flow estimates. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (4 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports FLORIDA FRESHWATER PLANTS A Handbook of Common Aquatic Plants in Florida Lakes, by M.V. Hoyer, D.E. Canfield, C.A. Horsburgh, and K.P. Brown. 1996. 264 pp. (Order from University of Florida, IFAS Publications, PO Box 110011, Gainesville, FL 32611-0011. (352/392-1764.) US$35.00 plus S/H.) The objective of this uniquely informative handbook is to examine the relation of water chemistry to the presence and distribution of 103 common aquatic plants in 322 Florida lakes. The book presents color photographs, descriptions, Florida distribution and biology of each plant. It also includes tables of data and succinct interpretations which describe the ranges of water chemistry variables for the individual species. These data were taken from 15 years of research conducted on Florida lakes. In addition, a list of scientific references selected from the Aquatic Plant Information Retrieval System (APIRS) database refers users to other sources of published information for each species. Also included in this fact-filled volume are statistical tables showing plants sorted for water chemistry variables including pH, alkalinity, conductance, color, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, iron and silicon. AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS OF INDIA, by C.D.K. Cook. 1996. 385 pp. ISBN 0-19-854821-4 (Order from Oxford University Press. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. $165.00 plus S/H.) This "Flora", Prof. Cook's "last fling before going into retirement", is a muchneeded record of the diversity of aquatic and wetland plants in the subcontinent, as well as a much-needed identification manual that was written to be used by students and others having little botanical training. The identification keys for the 660 species are based on easily seen vegetative characteristics, so that taxa may appear several times in the key. Thus, users may http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (5 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports depend on different characteristics and follow different ("easier") paths in the key to identify a plant in question. Each species is described, its distribution in India is noted, and an "ecological diagnosis" is presented. Only Latin names are used in this Flora. All species are illustrated by line drawings, but these "are not meant to be plant portraits and are often restricted to diagnostic features." WETLAND PLANTS OF OREGON AND WASHINGTON by B.J. Guard. 1995. 239 pp. ISBN 1-55105-060-9 (Order from Lone Pine Publishing, 206, 10426-81 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA T6E 1X5, 800/661-9017. $19.95 plus S/H.) This highly illustrated and colorful wetland manual is meant for botanists, environmentalists, managers and "all who appreciate, enjoy, study, protect and manage the wetlands" of the Pacific Northwest. It details 155 (mainly flowering) plants, but treats about 330 species in various ways, such as being described as "look-alike" species. It includes native and exotic species. The author uses five identification keys: "pondweeds and others", grasses, rushes, sedges, and willows (Salix spp.). In addition to the keys, the plants are arranged in the book according to general habitats, including "submerged and floating, marshy shore, prairie wetland, shrub swamp and wooded wetland" communities. The color photographs and line drawings of the plants are generally very good. Each plant is described as to growth habit, leaves, flowers, fruits, habitat, natural history, similar species and special notes of interest. WATER GARDENING --WATER LILIES AND LOTUSES, by P.D. Slocum, and P. Robinson, with F. Perry. 1996. 434 pp. ISBN 0-88192-335-4 (Order from Timber Press, Inc., 133 SW Second Avenue, Suite 450, Portland, OR 972043527, (800/327-5680.) $59.95 plus S/H.) Written by two of the world's leading water-gardening experts, this very complete book includes two main parts. Part one includes all one needs to know to design, http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (6 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) Books/Reports construct and use pools, bogs, waterfalls and streams in the garden landscape. Choosing, planting and maintaining floating, submersed, marginal, and bog plants as well as moisture-loving trees and shrubs, is explained. The roles of fish, frogs, insects and other animals are also described, including particular detail regarding the lives of dragonflies. Part Two is the "Encyclopedia of Water Lilies and and Lotuses", in which all species and major cultivars of water lilies and lotuses are described, including both dayand night-blooming tropicals. Here are found most of the 445 laser-sharp color photographs of flowers, leaves and roots. Appendices include hardiness zone maps, a listing of commercial water lily sources, a glossary and a recommended reading list. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~14.html (7 of 7) [6/6/2008 2:13:16 PM]

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16(2) From The Database AQUAPHYTE ONLINE Winter 1996 FROM THE DATABASE Here is a sampling of the research articles, books and reports which have been entered into the aquatic plant database since April 1996. The database has more than 43,000 citations. To receive free bibliographies on specific plants and/or subjects, contact APIRS at 352392-1799 or use the database online at http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/database.html To obtain articles, contact your nearest state or university library. Agren, J.; Ericson, L. Population structure and morph-specific fitness differences in tristylous Lythrum salicaria. EVOLUTION 50(1):126-139. 1996.Aldridge, F.J.; Phlips, E.J.; Schelske, C.L. The use of nutrient enrichment bioassays to test for spatial and temporal distribution of limiting factors affecting phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. HYDROBIOL. SPEC. ISSUES ADVANC. LIMNOL. 45:177-190. 1995.Anderson, L.; Fellows, S.; Pirosko, C. Effect of Garlon 3A on waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in a pond on the Los Banos Wildlife Refuge. IN: AQUATIC WEED CONTROL INVESTIGATIONS, ANNUAL REPORT, L.W.J. ANDERSON, ED., USDA AGRIC. RES. SERV., UNIV. CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, 31 PP. 1994.Barrat-Segretain, M.H.; Amoros, C. Influence of flood timing on the recovery of macrophytes in a former river channel. HYDROBIOLOGIA 316(2):91-101. 1995.Barreto, R.W.; Evans, H.C. The mycobiota of the weed Mikania micrantha in southern Brazil with particular reference to fungal pathogens for biological control. MYCOL. RES. 99(3):343-352. 1995. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (1 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Bellan-Santini, D.; Arnaud, P.M.; Bellan, G.; Verlaque, M. The influence of the introduced tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean marine biota. MAR. BIOL. ASSOC. U.K. 76(1):235-237. 1996.Bjorndal, K.A.; Bolten, A.B. Digestive efficiencies in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater turtles on plant diets: do herbivores have a nutritional advantage? PHYSIOL. ZOOL. 66(3):384-395. 1993.Bramwell, S.A.; Prasadd, P.V.D. Performance of a small aquatic plant wastewater treatment system under Caribbean conditions. J. ENVIRON. MANAGE. 43(3):213-220. 1995.Braverman, M.P. Weed control in rice (Oryza sativa) with Quinclorac and bensulfuron coating of granular herbicides and fertilizer. WEED TECHNOL. 9(3):494-498. 1995.Bryson, C.T.; Carter, R. Notes on Carex, Cyperus, and Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in Mississippi with records of eight species previously unreported to the state. SIDA 16(1):171-182. 1994.Buckingham, G.R. Biological control of aquatic weeds. IN: PEST MANAGEMENT IN THE SUBTROPICS: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL A FLORIDA PERSPECTIVE, D. ROSEN, F.D. BENNETT, J.L. CAPINERA, EDS., LAVOISIER PUBL., SECAUCUS, NY, PP. 413-480. 1994.Camargo, A.F.M.; Esteves, F.A. Influence of water level variation on biomass and chemical composition of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Kunth) in an oxbow lake of the Rio Mogi-Guacu (Sao Paulo, Brazil). ARCH. HYDROBIOL. 135(3):423-432. 1996.Collares-Pereira, M.J.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Geraldes, A.M.; Coelho, M.M. Riparian ecotones and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Portuguese lowland streams. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (2 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database IN: THE IMPORTANCE OF AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL ECOTONES FOR FRESHWATER FISH, F. SCHIEMER, M. ZALEWSKI, J.E. THORPE, EDS., KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL., DORDRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS, HYDROBIOLOGIA 303: 93-101. 1995.Cruzan, M.B.; Barrett, S.C.H. Postpollination mechanisms influencing mating patterns and fecundity: an example from Eichhornia paniculata. BULL. TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 123(1):1-6. 1996.David, P.G. Changes in plant communities relative to hydrologic conditions in the Florida Everglades. WETLANDS 16(1):15-23. 1996.De Casabianca, M.L. Large-scale production of Eichhornia crassipes on paper industry effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHN. 54(1):35-38. 1995.De Leeuw, J.; Wielemaker, A.; De Munck, W.; Herman, P.M.J. Net aerial primary production (NAPP) of the marsh macrophyte Scirpus maritimus estimated by a combination of destructive and non-destructive sampling methods. VEGETATIO 123(1):101-108. 1996.Dong, X-J.; Takagi, S.; Nagai, R. Regulation of the orientation movement of chloroplasts in epidermal cells of Vallisneria: cooperation of phytochrome with photosynthetic pigment under low-fluence-rate light. PLANTA 197(2):257-263. 1995.Dooris, P.M. Hydrilla verticillata: chemical factors in lakes affecting growth. PH.D. DISSERTATION, DEPT. BIOLOGY, UNIV. SOUTH FLORIDA, TAMPA, 177 PP. 1978.Eberle, J.R.; Banks, J.A. Genetic interactions among sex-determining genes in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. GENETICS 142(3):973-985. 1996. Ferreira, M.T.; Moreira, I.S. The invasive component of a river flora under the influence of Mediterranean agricultural systems. IN: PLANT INVASIONS GENERAL ASPECTS AND SPECIAL PROBLEMS, P. PYSEK, K. PRACH, M. REJMANEK, M. WADE, EDS., SPB ACADEMIC PUBL., AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, PP. 117http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (3 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database 127. 1995.Flamm, R.O.; Ward, L.; Weigle, B.L. Habitat influences on the distribution and abundance of Florida manatee in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. ELEVENTH BIENNIAL CONF. BOLOGY OF MARINE MAMMALS, ORLANDO, FL, 14-18 DEC. 1995, P. 14 (ABSTRACT). 1995.Frantz, V. Recovery plan for rough-leaved loosestrife (Lysimachia asperulaefolia). U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERV., ATLANTA, GA, 42 PP. 1995. Freese, G. Structural refuges in two stem-boring weevils on Rumex crispus. ECOL. ENTOMOL. 20(4):351-358. 1995.Gabor, T.S.; Haagsma, T.; Murkin, H.R.; Armson, E. Effects of triclopyr amine on purple loosestrife and non-target wetland plants in southeastern Ontario, Canada. J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 33:48-51. 1995.Getsinger, K.D.; Madsen, J.D.; Netherland, M.D.; Turner, E.G. Field evaluation of triclopyr (Garlon 3A) for controlling Eurasian watermilfoil in the Pend Oreille River, Washington. TECHN. REPT. A-96-1, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL RES. PROG., US ARMY CORPS ENGR., WATERWAYS EXPER. STATION, VICKSBURG, MS, 72 PP. 1996.Gordeev, M.I.; Sibataev, A.K. Influence of predatory plant bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) on the process of selection in malaria mosquito larvae. RUSSIAN J. ECOL. 26(3):216-220. 1995.Grall, G. Cuatro Cienegas: Mexico's desert aquarium. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 188(4):85-96. 1995.Grice, A.M.; Loneragan, N.R.; Dennison, W.C. Light intensity and the interactions between physiology, morphology and stable isotope ratios in five species of seagrass. J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL. 195(1):91-110. 1996. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (4 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Hall, J.A.; Cox, N. Nutrient concentrations as predictors of nuisance Hydrodictyon reticulatum populations in New Zealand. J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 33:68-74. 1995.Hara, T.; Srutek, M. Shoot growth and mortality patterns of Urtica dioica, a clonal forb. ANNALS BOTANY 76(3):235-243. 1995.Haraguchi, A. Rhizome growth of Menyanthes trifoliata L. in a population on a floating peat mat in Mizorogaike Pond, Central Japan. AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4):163-173. 1996.Hart, K.H.; Cox, P.A. Dispersal ecology of Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibthorp & Smith: abiotic seed dispersal mechanisms. BOTANICAL J. LINNEAN SOC. 119(1):87-100. 1995.Heard, T.A.; Forno, I.W. Host selection and host range of the flower-feeding weevil, Coelocephalapion pigrae, a potential biological control agent of Mimosa pigra. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 6(1):83-95. 1996.Hemminga, M.A.; Huiskes, A.H.L.; Steegstra, M.; Van Soelen, J. Assessment of allocation and biomass production in a natural stand of the salt marsh plant Spartina anglica using 13C. MAR. ECOL. PROG. SER. 130(1-3):169-178. 1996.Henry, C.P.; Amoros, C.; Bornette, G. Species traits and recolonization processes after flood disturbances in riverine macrophytes. VEGETATIO 122(1):13-27. 1996.Hine, N.R.; Pilidis, G.A. An assessment of the efficiency of a macrophyte-based biological treatment plant to treat wastewater from a wood impregnation factory. FRESENIUS ENVIR. BULL. 4(10):630-635. 1995. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (5 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Hu, F.S.; Brubaker, L.B.; Anderson, P.M. A 12,000 year record of vegetation change and soil development from Wien Lake, central Alaska. CAN. J. BOT. 71(9):1133-1142. 1993.Idestam-Almquist, J.; Kautsky, L. Plastic responses in morphology of Potamogeton pectinatus L. to sediment and abovesediment conditions at two sites in the northern Baltic proper. AQUATIC BOTANY 52(3):205-216. 1995.Jamil, K.; Hussain, S.; Anees, I.; Murthy, U.S. Toxic effects of lead on the biochemical parameters of the hyacinth weevils Neochetina eichhornae through the trophic levels of food chain. J. ENVIRON. SCI. HEALTH A30(9):1925-1934. 1995.Jacobsen, N. The narrow leaved Cryptocoryne of mainland Asia. AQUATIC GARDENER 8(3):71-86. 1995.Kane, M. Wetland plant micropropagation: issues and opportunities. AQUATICS 18(2):4,6,8-11. 1996.Kilbride, K.M.; Paveglio, F.L.; Grue, C.E. Control of smooth cordgrass with Rodeo in a southwestern Washington estuary. WILDLIFE SOC. BULL. 23(3):520-524. 1995.Kimber A. Decline and restoration of Vallisneria americana in the upper Mississippi River. DISSERTATION ABSTR. INTERNAT. 55(4):1254-B (ABSTRACT). 1994.Langangen, A. Chara-lakes in the county of Troms. POLARFLOKKEN 19(2):111-118. 1995.Linz, G.M.; Blixt, D.C.; Bergman, D.L.; Bleier, W.J. Responses of red-winged blackbirds, yellow-headed blackbirds and marsh wrens to glyphosate-induced alterations in cattail density. J. FIELD ORNITHOL. 67(1):167-176. 1996. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (6 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Lockhart, C.S. Aquatic heterophylly as a survival strategy in Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae). CAN. J. BOT. 74(2):243-246. 1996.Lorenzoni, C.; Paradis, G. Synecological observations about the Corsican stations of a rare species, Cressa cretica (Convolvulaceae). BULL. DE LA SOC. BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-OUEST, NOUVELLE SERIE 25:3-24. 1994.McBride, T.P.; Noller, B.N. Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and periphyton. MARINE FRESHWATER RES. 46(7):1047-1053. 1995.McIninch, S.M.; Garbisch, E.W. The establishment of Peltandra virginica from large and small bulbs as a function of water depth. WETLAND J. 7(1):17-20. 1995.Middleton, B.A. Seed banks and species richness potential of coal slurry ponds reclaimed as wetlands. RESTORATION ECOL. 3(4):311-318. 1995.Mitchell, S.F.; Wass, R.T. Food consumption and faecal deposition of plant nutrients by black swans (Cygnus atratus Latham) in a shallow New Zealand lake. HYDROBIOLOGIA 306(3):189-197. 1995.Moldovan, M. Large-scale restoration of wetland habitats: the reflooding of the 22 Km2 Babina Polder in the Danube Delta, Romania. IN: RESTORATION OF STREAM ECOSYSTEMS AN INTEGRATED CATCHMENT APPROACH, IWRB PUBL. 37, M. EISELTOVA, J. BRIGGS, EDS., INTERNAT. WATERFOWL AND WETLANDS RES. BUREAU, SLIMBRIDGE, UK, PP. 154-156. 1995.Murdock, N.A. Rare and endangered plants and animals of southern Appalachian wetlands. WATER AIR SOIL POLLUTION 77(3-4):385-405. 1994. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (7 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Netherland, M.D.; Getsinger, K.D. Laboratory evaluation of threshold fluridone concentrations under static conditions for controlling hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil. J. AQUAT. PLANT. MANAGE. 33:33-36. 1995.Newell, S.Y.; Moran, M.A.; Wicks, R.; Hodson, R.E. Productivities of microbial decomposers during early stages of decomposition of leaves of a freshwater sedge. FRESHWATER BIOL. 34(1):135-148. 1995.Newman, R.M.; Holmberg, K.L.; Biesboer, D.D.; Penner, B.G. Effects of a potential biocontrol agent, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, on Eurasian watermilfoil in experimental tanks. AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4):131-150. 1996.Parker, M.L.; Waldron, K.W. Texture of Chinese water chestnut: involvement of cell wall phenolics. J. SCI. FOOD AGRIC. 68(3):337-346. 1995.Peckol, P.; Rivers, J.S. Physiological responses of the opportunistic macroalgae Cladophora vagabunda (L.) van den Hoek and Gracilaria tikvahiae (McLachlan) to environmental disturbances associated with eutrophication. J. EXP. MAR. BIOL. ECOL. 190(1):1-16. 1995.Poovey, A.G.; Kay, S.H. Effects of short-term summer drawdown on monoecious Hydrilla and non-target aquatic plants. 35TH ANN. MEETING, AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC., JULY 9-12, 1995, BELLEVUE, WA, P. 9 (ABSTRACT). 1995.Preen, A. Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: observational and experimental evidence for cultivation grazing. MAR. ECOL. PROG. SER. 124(1-3):201-213. 1995.Pysek, P.; Pysek, A. Invasion by Heracleum mantegazzianum in different habitats in the Czech Republic. J. VEGETATION SCI. 6(5):711-718. 1995. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (8 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Randall, K.A. Care and propagation of Anubias. AQUATIC GARDENER 9(3):71-76. 1996.Ravindran, V.; Sivakanesan, R.; Cyril, H.W. Nutritive value of raw and processed Colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) corm meal for poultry. ANIMAL FEED SCI. TECHNOL. 57(4):335-345. 1996.Roberts, J.; Chick, A.; Oswald, L.; Thompson, P. Effect of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., an exotic benthivorous fish, on aquatic plants and water quality in experimental ponds. MAR. FRESHWATER RES. 46:1171-1180. 1995.Ryan, F.J. Nitrogen and carbon concentrations, soluble proteins and free amino acids in subterranean turions of Hydrilla during overwintering. J. AQUAT. PLANT MANAGE. 32:67-70. 1994.Shearer, J.F. Field and laboratory studies of the fungus Mycoleptodiscus terrestris as a potential agent for management of the submersed aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata. TECHN. REPT. A-96-3, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL RES. PROG., US ARMY CORPS ENGR., WATERWAYS EXPER. STATION, VICKSBURG, MS, 30 PP. 1996.Shilling, D.G.; Gaffney, J.F. Cogongrass control requires integrated approach (Florida). RESTORATION MANAGE.NOTES 13(2):227. 1995.Sinden-Hempstead, M.; Killingbeck, K.T. Influences of water depth and substrate nitrogen on leaf surface area and maximum bed extension in Nymphaea odorata. AQUATIC BOTANY 53(3,4):151-162. 1996.Skinner, L.C.; Rendall, W.J.; Fuge, E.L. Minnesota's purple loosestrife program: history, findings and management recommendations. SPEC. PUBL. 145, MINN. DEPT. NATURAL RESOURCES, DIV. FISH & WILDL., ECOL. SERV. SECTION, ST. PAUL, MN, 27 PP. 1994. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (9 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database Stewart, R.M.; Boyd, W.A. Amur/stock simulations for examination of the effects of site conditions on plant control by grass carp. 34TH ANN. MEETING, AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC. AND 6TH ANN. MEETING TEXAS AQUATIC PLANT MANAGE. SOC., JULY 10-13, 1994, SAN ANTONIO, TX, P. 16 (ABSTRACT). Stoner, A.W.; Lin, J.; Hanisak, M.D. Relationships between seagrass bed characteristics and juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas Linne) abundance in the Bahamas. J. SHELLFISH RES. 14(2):315-323. 1995.Thomas, J.D. The snail hosts of schistosomiasis: some evolutionary and ecological perspectives in relation to control. MEM. INST. OSWALDO CRUZ 90(2):195-204. 1995.Thomas, K.L.; Benstead, J.; Davies, K.L.; Lloyd, D. Role of wetland plants in the diurnal control of CH4 and CO2 fluxes in peat. SOIL BIOL. BIOCHEM. 28(1):17-23. 1996.Toner, M.; Stow, N.; Keddy, C.J. Arrow arum, Peltandra virginica: a nationally rare plant in the Ottawa Valley region of Ontario. CAN. FIELD-NATURALIST 109(4):441-442. 1995.Uchino, A.; Samejima, M.; Ishii, R.; Ueno, O. Photosynthetic carbon metabolism in an amphibious sedge, Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapman: modified expression of C4 characteristics under submerged aquatic conditions. PLANT CELL PHYSIOL. 36(2):229-238. 1995.Vickery, J.A.; Sutherland, W.J.; Watkinson, A.R.; Lane, S.J.; et al Habitat switching by dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla (L.) in relation to food depletion. OECOLOGIA 103(4):499-508. 1995.Visser, E.J.W.; Bogemann, G.M.; Blom, C.W.P.M.; Voesenek, L.A.C.J. Ethylene accumulation in waterlogged Rumex plants promotes formation of adventitious roots. http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (10 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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16(2) From The Database J. EXP. BOTANY 47(296):403-410. 1996. Aquaphyte Contents | Aquaphyte page | Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu copyright 1996 University of Florida December 1996 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aq-w9~21.html (11 of 11) [6/6/2008 2:13:17 PM]

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Aquaphyte Newsletter Aquaphyte NewsletterUniversity of Florida Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Information Retrieval SystemThe newsletter, Aquaphyte, covers news of interest to aquatic, wetland and invasive plant researchers, regulators, managers, students and others. Aquaphyte is published twice yearly and is free of charge. It reaches subscribers worldwide. You may subscribe to the printed edition by sending your postal address to us through e-mail. To order by mail, contact APIRS, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, 7922 N. W. 71 Street, Gainesville, FL, 32653. Aquaphyte Online Current Issue -Volume 27 Number 1 Fall 2007 Volume 26 Number 1 Fall 2006 Volume 25 Number 2 Winter 2005 Volume 25 Number 1 Spring 2005 Volume 24 Number 1 Summer 2004 Volume 23 Number 2 Winter 2003 Volume 23 Number 1 Summer 2003 Volume 22 Number 2 Winter 2002 Volume 22 Number 1 Summer 2002 Volume 21 Number 2 Winter 2001 Volume 21 Number 1 Summer 2001 Volume 20 Number 2 Winter 2000 Volume 20 Number 1 Summer 2000 Volume 19 Number 2 Fall 99 Volume 19 Number 1 Spring 99 Volume 18 Number 1 Summer 98 Volume 17 Number 1 Winter 97 Volume 16 Number 2 Winter 96 Volume 16 Number 1 Spring 96 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aquaph.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:18 PM]

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Aquaphyte Newsletter Home CAIP-WEBSITE@ufl.edu Copyright 2007 University of Florida http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/aquaph.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:18 PM]

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Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida IFAS Search the APIRS Online Database | Plant Images & Information | What's New WelcomeThe UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants is a multidisciplinary research, teaching and extension unit directed to develop environmentally sound techniques for the management of aquatic and natural area weed species and to coordinate aquatic plant research activities within the State of Florida. The Center was established in 1978 by the Florida legislature. Directed by Dr. William Haller, the Center utilizes expertise from many departments with UF/IFAS and its Agricultural Research and Education Centers throughout Florida. The mission of the CAIP Information Office is to inform and educate all stakeholders about the impacts and management of invasive plants. Image Request Form AQUAPHYTE Newsletter -Fall 2007, Vol. 27 No.1 Products & Educational Tools Plant Management in Florida Waters Meetings IFAS Assessment Osceola County Hydrilla & Hygrophila Demonstration Project Faculty & Staff Helpful Links Tribute to Victor Alan Ramey http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/ie6/index.html (1 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:20 PM]

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Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida IFAS This web site is best viewed in Firefox Browser Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants | 7922 NW 71st St. | Gainesville, Fl. 32653 | 352-392-1799 Contact Us | University of Florida http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/ie6/index.html (2 of 2) [6/6/2008 2:13:20 PM]