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THE
CAREER OF COLUMBUS
BY
CHARLES ELTON, M. P.
WITH MAP
NEW YORK
CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY
104 & 106 FOURTH AVENUE
CopyRIGHT, 1892, BY
CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY.
All rights reserved,
THE MERSHON COMPANY PRESS,
RAHWAY, N. Je
THE
CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER I.
“ Here and there on sandy beaches
A milky-belled amaryllis blew.
How young Columbus seemed to rove
Yet present in his natal grove,
Now watching high on mountain cornice,
And steering now from a purple cove.â€
“CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS of famous mem-
ory,†when he began to acquaint the world with
his plans, “was not only derided and generally .
mocked, even here in England, but afterward
became a laughing-stock to the Spaniards them-
selves.†So ran the report of Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, that valiant and worthy gentleman, when
new discoveries were being planned; and he
added that the whole scheme of Columbus was
accounted “‘a fantastical imagination and a
drowsie dreame.â€
2 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Moreover, while the admiral was attending
the king and queen in Castile, in how many ways
was he not put to shame. “Some scorned the
wildness of his garments, some took occasion to
jest at his simple looks, others asked ‘if this were
he that louts so low, that took upon him to bring
men into a country that aboundeth with gold,
pearle, and precious stones? ‘Nay! they said,
‘but if he were such a man, he would look some-
what loftier, and carry another kind of counte-
nance.’ Thus some judged him by his garments,
and others by his look and countenance; but
none entered into the consideration of the inward
man.â€
A sudden turn of fortune brought wealth and
honor to the poor exile who had been jeered at
as one of the “vain and deceitful Ligurians,â€
hardly endured by the cold-tempered king, a
boaster tolerated only by the queen’s kindness.
When the cross was raised over Granada, and the
King Chiquito was bewailing his fate to his
Moorish ladies, the patient inventor had his share
of luck with the rest. Genoa had refused his
gifts, and Portugal had endeavored to rob him;
France and England were hesitating and faint in
their offers. The victory of the Catholic kings
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 3
disposed them to make a slight effort toward a
greater success. There wasa seaport in Spain
which lay at the mercy of the crown for defaults
in dues and services; and many of its inhabitants
were either convicted of crime or were held liable
to exemplary punishment. The penalty was laid
upon them of finding ships and men for the new
voyage to Cathay, to sail into death and chaos,
as their neighbors thought, and to expend them-
selves in a wicked and desperate adventure; to
sail beyond the sunset, as Columbus hoped, to
the great city of Cambalu and its golden moun-
tains, to the rivers that flowed from Paradise and
the riches of the land of Havilah.
Nothing could be more unjust than the attacks
which had been made upon Columbus. Writing
to Ferdinand and Isabella in 1501 he said, “It is
now forty years that I have been sailing to all
the countries at present frequented.†He had
conversed with scholars from all parts, “Latins,
Greeks, Indians, and Moors.’ He had been
very skillful in navigation, “knowing enough in
astronomy,†and well versed in geometry and
mathematics. ‘During all this time I have seen,
or endeavored to see, all books of cosmography,
history, philosophy, and other sciences; so that
4 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
our Lord has sensibly opened my understanding,
to the end that I might sail from here to the
Indies, and made me most willing to put it into
execution. Filled with this desire I came to
your highnesses. .All that heard of my under-
taking rejected it with contempt and scorn. In
your highnesses alone faith and constancy held
their seat.†He had, in fact, a strong sense of
personal dignity. Pride kept him on a level with
the kings who were discussing or patronizing his
plans, and he would never abate a jot of the hon-
ors to which he conceived himself to be entitled.
It was his natural courtesy and sweetness of tem-
per that had been mistaken for servility.
After his great success he seems to have been
reticent about his early life, though he would ex-
plain a doubt or difficulty by referring to his
stores of experience. Even to his son Don Fer-
dinand, who afterward wrote his life, he spoke
very briefly about their family affairs. “I and
mine,†he would say, ‘‘were always traders by
seaâ€; and on another occasion he wrote, “I was
not the first admiral in our family.†‘‘Of his
voyages to the east and west,†says the biogra-
pher, “and many other things about his early
days, I have no perfect knowledge, because he
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS, §
died when I was confined by my’filial duty, and
had not the boldness to ask him to give me an
account of them, or (to speak the truth), being
but young, I was at that time far from being
troubled with such thoughts.†It happened for
these reasons that the first part of the biography
was somewhat blurred and indistinct; we have to
infer from a casual remark, or a formality in a
legal document ; how Columbus passed his youth
and early manhood, how he traded and fought
and explored in the Levant, or among the Atlan-
tic Islands; how he came to the Torrid Zone at
“St. George of the Gold Mine†in Guinea, or
sailed within the Arctic Circle ‘‘a hundred
leagues beyond Thule.â€
It was of importance at one time to discover
the exact place of his birth and the social stand-
ing of his family, although his son very sensibly
remarked that he was personally indifferent
whether the admiral’s father was a merchant, or
a man of quality that kept his hawks and hounds;
“and certainly there have been a thousand such
in all parts, whose memory has been utterly lost
in avery short time among their neighbors and
kindred.†He thought, however, that his fath-
ers merits should have saved him from being
6 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
classed among mechanics. It must have been
generally known that the admiral’s father was a
tradesman, a Genoese weaver; at one time, per-
haps, the owner of a trading vessel, at another
keeping an inn at Savona. But when Giustiniani
said that Columbus was of a “poor and humble
stock,†in his note upon the nineteenth Psalm,
Don Ferdinand was ready at once with a fierce
contradiction. The facts might be true, he
argued, but the implication was false. The ad-
miral belonged to no humble tribe or class of
handicraftsmen. One ought to say rather that
the Columbi were of the best blood, a caste of
soldiers and statesmen, reduced, no doubt, in the
civil wars and by the peevishness of fortune into
somewhat humble circumstances. How indeli-
cate was the style of this base scribe, quite unac-
quainted, evidently, with the courtesies of litera-
ture. He might have said, as authors generally
do in such cases, that the admiral’s relations were
poor and his surroundings lowly, without bring-
ing in such blunt and injurious phrases. It is not
easy to follow all the arguments which were
adduced to support the admiral’s dignity. One
can understand the minute patriotism which -
seeks to connect a particular town with the life of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 7
the discoverer of America, but it is strange that a
man’s reputation should have fallen or risen
according to the merits of his birthplace. Yet
we are assured that those were most respected
who were born in places of importance, and this
as a matter of genuine sentiment, and not merely
because it is useful to be ‘‘the citizen of no mean
city.â€
“It happens,†said Don Ferdinand, “that some
who wish to cast a cloud on his fame will say,
‘He was of Nervi,’ and others, ‘He was of Cogo-
letto,’ or ‘of Bogliasco,’ which are all little places
near Genoa, and upon the adjoining coast. Oth-
ers again say, by way of exalting him, ‘He was of
Savona,’ or ‘a citizen of Genoa.’ Some have
soared higher still, and have made him out to
belong to Piacenza, where there are indeed some
honorable persons of his family, and tombs with
the arms and inscriptions of the Columbi.†So
again we read in the Eulogies of Paolo Giovio,
with reference to the Como portrait: “How one
must wonder that a man of such fine presence
and such commanding intellect should have been
born in a rude hamlet like Albisola!†If it is
asked whether the true birthplace is known, or
whether all these places are like the cities which
8 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS
strove in vain for Homer, the answer must bé
that Columbus probably kyew the facts, and that
he claimed to have been born in Genoa. Twice
in his last will he makes the assertion; he calls
himself “nacido in Genova,†and charged his
estate with the maintenance in that city of some
member of his family, to represent his memory
there, and to take footing and root as a native,
“because thence I came and there was I born.â€
‘Columbus was born in 1448, or in the following
year. His parents had a residence about that
time in Quinto, but there is reason to believe
that they had a house in Genoa, which they vis-
ited from time to time before they took up their
permanent abode, about the year 1451, in the
weavers’ quarter near St. Andrew’s Gate.
Modern inquiry has cleared up the controver-
sies about the original home of the family. A
vast inheritance and splendid dignities lay vacant
when the admiral’s direct male issue came to an
end in the fourth generation. A host of compet-
itors, of course, appeared before the Spanish
tribunals, provided for the most part with false
pedigrees and sham traditions, desiring to prove
heirship by showing that they came from places
where the family had been established. The
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 9
pleadings in the great lawsuit, which are still pre-
served, show that sevegal of the claimants went so
far as to trace their titles to persons with the
same name as the admiral’s father; alleged, more-
over, in each case to have had sons with names
exactly answering to those of the admiral and his
brothers. The mere similarity of a family sur-
name would not have carried them far. The
name “Colombo,†with slight local variations,
was common in France and Italy. It occurred
in Spain and in Corsica, and was not unknown in
England. It may easily have been derived inde-
pendently in different places from some common
word like “Colonus.â€
The claim of Cugureo, now called Cogoletto,
to be the true home of the family was long
accepted as genuine. This, no doubt, was owing
to the local traditions about an old house in the
village, shown as one of the numerous residences
ascribed to Columbus. The evidence in reality
goes all the other way. Don Ferdinand tells us
that he visited the place in the hope of getting
information about his father. “As I passed
through Cugureo I tried to learn something from
two brothers there who were of the family of the
Colombi; they were among the richest people in
10 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
those parts, and were said to be related to the
admiral, but the younger of the two was over a
hundred years old, and so they could give me no
account of the matter.†While the lawsuit was
pending, in 1583, a poor peasant named Bernardo
Colombo came from Cogoletto to put in a claim
to the title. His title rested upon a supposed
relationship to a certain Domenico Colombo of
that town, alleged to have been the admiral’s
father; but, though he was strongly supported
by the republic of Genoa, his claim was rejected
for want of proof. Baldassare Colombo, of Cuc-
caro, claimed through another Domenico, lord of
a castle at that place, who was also set up
as “the father of Christopher Columbus.†But,
though the names in his pedigree were cor-
rect, it came out that this ancestor had died in
1456, nearly thirty years before the admiral’s
father, Domenico Colombo the weaver, was
known to have died. The rejection of these
claims disposed of the assertions that the family
had come to Cogoletto or Cuccaro from Piacenza,
or had moved down in more ancient times from
Montferrat. There was, however, another title
set up for the Columbi of Piacenza. Some of
them had been established in Genoa as early as
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS II
the thirteenth century; and it was said that an
important document, dated in 1481, distinctly
stated that Domenico Colombo of Piacenza had
two sons, Christopher and Bartholomew, who had
migrated to Genoa about ten years before that
time, and had sailed away afterward “to islands
unknown.†This document was never produced,
and the claim was rejected for that reason. It
was also observed that the arms on the houses
and tonibs of the Colombi at Piacenza were dif-
ferent to those which were used by Columbus
himself. It had been suggested that the admiral
could have inherited no coat-of-arms, because his
relations were merely craftsmen; and it is quite
true that his family had not, and perhaps’ could
not legally have had, any place on the roll of the
nobles of Genoa. But, after all, we must attach
importance to the assertions of the admiral about
his own affairs. The weaver’s son may have
_ been entitled to a heraldic coat which he put
away while he tended the loom, as the noble in
the story takes his sword from under the counter
and untucks it when he has made his fortune.
The arms of the family at Piacenza were of the
emblematic or “speaking†kind, the surname
_being symbolized by three doves, When Colum:
12 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
bus returned from his first voyage he was told to
meet the Spanish kings-at-arms, that they might
prepare the proper augmentations for the arms
which he usually bore. The well known shield
was blazoned under his personal direction, with
the royal quarterings of the Lion of Leon, and
the Tower of Castile, the symbolical anchors, and
the islands and continent of the Indies; but he
took care to retain his ancestral bearings, which
duly appear as “‘a shield ov, with a band azure,
and the chef gules.â€
Don Ferdinand was sometimes rebuked for not
making out a better pedigree. Friends asked
why his father should not have been shown to
come straight from ‘“‘Junius Colonus†(or “Ju-
nius Cilo†as they should have said), who con-
quered the kingdom of Pontus, and brought
Mithridates in bonds to Rome? Why not,
again, prove a connection with “the two illustri-
ous Coloni, his predecessors, who gained a mighty
victory over the Venetians� This refers, of
course, to the sea fight off Cape St. Vincent in
1485, more fully mentioned in a later chapter.
It is enough to say here that the description of
the battle cited by Don Ferdinand is wrong in
6c
several particulars. “There was,†he says, “a
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS, 13
famous man called Columbus, of the admiral’s
name and family, renowned upon the sea on
account of the fleet which he commanded against
the Infidels, as well as for the country to which
he belonged, insomuch that they used his name
to frighten the children in their cradles.†He
was known as “Columbus the younger,†to distin-
guish him from another who was a great sailor
before him. The last words refer to Guillaume
Coulon, who created the French‘ navy under
Louis the Eleventh. This man had a famous
son, well known as “the pirate Columbus,†under
whom the admiral served for several years. This
“younger Columbus†of the biography seems to
have been a Genoese subject; and from this some
have taken him to be, the same person as “Co-
lombo of Oneglia,†who was hanged at Genoa in
1492 for acts of piracy against the French. We
shall deal with their adventures later on. At
present it is only necessary to observe that Don
Ferdinand made many excuses about the alleged
relationship. He gloried indeed in the victory
over Venice, which he ascribed to a Genoese cor-
sair. But the admiral, he said, wanted no con-
nection with courts and great men; he was, on
the contrary, like the sailors and fishermen who
14 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
had been chosen as apostles. He ought to be
blamed or praised on his own merits. The “Ad-
miral of the Ocean†required no shield or em-
blematic doves; he was himself the ‘‘Columbusâ€
or messenger of hepe, the “Christophorus†who
bore the banner of the faith. By his own wish,
moreover, he was known as “Colon,†rather than
as one of the family of the “Colombiâ€; and it
might be for some good reason that he had thus
severed his direct line from those collateral
branches,
CHAPTER II.
“Often I think of the beautiful town
That is seated by the sea,
Often in thought go up and down
The pleasant streets of that dear old town,
And my youth comes back to me.
«J cae the black ives and the slips,
And the sea-tide tossing free,
And Spanish sailors with bearded lips,
And the beauty and mystery of the ships,
And the magic of the sea.â€
THE father of Columbus was Domenico of
Terra-Rossa, a weaver by trade, who lived in the
suburbs of Genoa, or in one of the neighboring
towns, as his business from time to time required.
His mother was Susanna, daughter of Giacomo of
Fontana-Rossa, a silk weaver working in the same
neighborhood. They were married about 1445,
either at Domenico’s place up in the hills, or at
Quinto, where his father had a house by the sea-
side, and a felucca, as we suppose, for his trading
ventures to Alexandria or the Islands. Both fam-
ilies had been}long established in the valleys of
the Apennines. Terra-Rossa is a hamlet in the
5
16 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Vale of Fontanabuona, lying above the Lavagna
River, a few miles inland from Porto Fino. Fon-
tana-Rossa is a village in the same large valley,
set at the very foot of the mountain behind
Chiavari. Both families had been drawn closer
and closer to Genoa by the attractions of its busy
commerce. The weaving trade offered a com-
fortable subsistence without any need to live
within the crowded walls; the spice trade gave a
free outlet to all the young men who were ready
for adventures at sea. Columbus was born in
1445, or about the beginning of 1446, and at that
time his mother’s family were settled at Quezzi,
a beautiful hamlet in the immediate neighbor-
hood of the city. His own parents lived in the
new suburb just outside one of the ancient gates;
or, if they changed their abode now and then,
went no farther than the seaside at Quinto.
If anyone wishes to see a picture in his mind,
showing the places where Columbus spent his
youth, he must endeavor to recall the great view
from the heights behind Genoa. The gulf curves
between the horns of Porto Fino and the “olive-
hoary cape†on the Western Riviera. Below the
Ligurian Alps are the places connected in truth
or by tradition with his memory. At Cogoletto,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 17
“in a narrow street and dim,†they show the old
house where he may have lived, and a picture
revered as his portrait. Albisola has grown from
a rough hamlet into an expanse of villas and
flower gardens. Savona lies beyond, with its
port under St. George’s Rock, once nearly de-
stroyed by the Genoese, but very flourishing
when Columbus sailed in from time to time.
_ Here was the shop where his father made and
sold “good cloth of Savona,’ and the tavern
where Susanna looked after the sailor customers;
and close to the town lay Valcalda in Legino,
where two vineyards were purchased, which
involved the whole family in a dreary lawsuit.
Looking seaward, the mountains of Corsica
recall the fancy that Columbus was a native of
the island. Toward the west the view is blocked
by the great cape. At San Remo another
Columbus, supposed to have been the admiral’s
kinsman, was born, and made his home; and just
behind the promontory is the creek of Oneglia,
where the freebooter rested in his lair and divided
the spoil with Doria.
We must turn back to Genoa, where Columbus
was born and passed a great part of his youth.
His parents lived mostly at Quinto until he was
18 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
four years old; and here his sister Biancinetta and
his brothers Giovanni-Pelegrino and Bartholomew
were born. The family then came back to live
near St. Andrew’s Gate, and here was born Gia-
como, who was afterward known as “Don Diego.â€
The course of the old walls, the gate by which
Columbus lived, the street on which the shop
faced, and its long green lawn in the city moat,
are marked by the line of the modern boulevards
and public gardens.
We may think of him as visiting the Duomo
and the Doria’s church, the porch of San Stefano,
where the weavers held meetings, and their craft
hall in the neighborhood of the Abbey. Down
in the port, where he talked with the sailors on
the wharves, on one side is the old Mole, where
the magistrates hanged Columbus the Rover on
a tower, with his friend Bernardo of Sestri; and
close to it stands the Bank of St. George, the
“Dogana†of our days, with its tiers of statues,
White and cold,
Those nichéd shapes of noble mold,
A princely people’s awful princes,
The grave, severe, Genovese of old.
From the old Mole stretched away the port,
filled with ships of all kinds. There were galleys,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. ~19
armed with petronels, three-masters with huge
square sails, crowded with a rabble of galley
slaves and cross-bowmen to keep them down.
One might see galleons arriving from the Levant,
or making ready for the Flanders voyage; and
long, raking caraccas, better suited for corsair’s
work than for voyages of commerce and busi-
ness; and nimble ‘‘caravels†from Spain and
Portugal, English barks, and pinnacles and trad-
ing boats of all kinds. The port was like the
harbor of Tyre in the ancient days, and not very
different in its actual merchandise.
The principal change was in the places where
the commodities were produced. The blocks
and bars of tin, the lead and vessels of pewter, |
came from galleys trading with Southampton,
and no longer in the ships of Tarshish. The
lawns and camlets of Cyprus had replaced the
fine linen and embroideries of Syria. There
were raw and spun cottons from Malta as well as
from Egypt and India. But the strong wine of
Tyre, ‘‘the wine of Helbon,†was still imported
from Palestine in the ships that brought the
choice Malmseys from Candia. The ‘‘white
wools of Damascus’ still remained to compete
with the “Frankish wools’ from London and
40 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS,
Norwich, and the raw wool from the warehouses
at Calais; but the best classes of stuffs came from
England, such as “Suffolks†and “village med-
leys,’ kerseys of all colors, friezes white and
unshorn, or “of a looser texture for night wear,â€
and fustians and cloth from Essex and Guildford.
The spice trade was a staple industry at Genoa.
Her shipmen, like the merchants of Tyre, dealt in
myrrh and cassia, the true aloes from Socotra,
galbanum and the sweet storax, the scented cala-
mus and the Eastern cinnamon. Here, as in
ancient times, one might see the Caspian mer-—
chants, who had come with Indian silks, and
rhubarb and spices from Persia, up the broad
river to Tiflis, and down the gorge to Poti and
the waves beating on the sandy bar. Here were
“Indians, Moors, and Greeks,†like those with
whom Columbus held discourse, and the mer-
chants of the East and West, from the ‘‘Levante,â€
as they called the parts below Corfu, and from
the “Ponente,†which included Sicily and all the
lands beyond.
Genoa runs out on the southeast as far as the
Bisagno Torrent. In the lifetime of Columbus the
ancient city walls were still standing, and formed
an interior zone of fortifications along the line
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 2i
now occupied in part by the park and the public
gardens. The space intervening between the old
walls and the newer ambit of the city was occu-
pied by the Borgo di San Stefano, still known as
the “Weavers’ Quarter.†The weavers were pro-
tected and encouraged in every way by the Sig-
“
noria, whose chief aim, as at Venice, was “‘to
provide that all the poor might live and maintain
themselves,†and to help the wool trade in par-
ticular, “because when this manufacture fails the
supply of food fails also.†In this quarter the
cloth weavers and blanket makers, combers and
carders, silk throwers and velvet men, lived ina
town of comfortable houses and gardens held on
ground rents under the Abbey of San Stefano.
In a street outside the Olive Gate was the house
where Domenico was working, with an appren-
tice under him, as early as 1439, and here it is
believed that his son Christopher was born. St.
Andrew’s Gate lay nearer to the sea. A street
ran from it, turning upward to Porticello, leaving
a considerable space between the roadway and
the city wall. Here was the house where Colum-
bus passed most of his boyhood. The place is
described in the documents collected by Mr.
Harrisse. The shop was in front, a yard with a
22 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
well behind, and the long garden reached back to
the foot of the old wall. Something is added
about the neighbors. The next house on the
left belonged to the weaver Bondi, and afterward
to a shoemaker named Tomaso Carbone; beyond
him lived another shoemaker, Antonio Pelegro
of Plazio, for whom Domenico Colombo on one
occasion witnessed a deed; on the right hand, or
south side, was ‘‘La Pallavania,†so called from
its owner’s name. A little farther off, toward
the Piazza di Porticello, was the shop of the
cheesemonger Bavarello, whose son afterward
married the sister of Columbus.
Beyond the stream of Bisagno we cross the
ridge of a hill and look down on the seaside
towns, Quarto and Quinto, the sites of stations
on the Roman road, and Nervi, and the village of
Bogliasco beyond. On one side of the ridge,
farther inland, lived the family of Fontana-Rossa
‘at Quezzi; on the other lies Ginestreto, where
Domenico Colombo had a little estate. The hill
is covered with vineyards and villas, with groves
of fruit trees. Four centuries ago the place was
already like a garden, but was clothed in most
parts with a different vegetation. Lemons and
oranges were still unknown; no mulberry trees
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 23
were required where there was no manufactory
of the native silk; but there were already vine-
yards and olive orchards, and much of the land
was covered with a growth of chestnuts and fig
trees. Assiduous industry and experiment, aided
by a change of weather as the forests disap-
peared, have converted a rough Alpine district
into a fertlie region of the South. We see that
this must be so when we look back at the oldest
descriptions of Liguria. The natives under
the early Empire drank beer because the little
wine produced in their country “was harsh and
tasted of pitch.†They were always at work in
' the forest getting timber for ship building; some
of the trees, we are told, were of a vast height,
and as much as eight feet in diameter, and the
wood was often well-veined, and “as good as
cedar for cabinet work.†They seem to have
grown no olive trees, for we learn that they
brought their timber to the mart of Genoa, with
honey and ox hides and the various produce of
their flocks and herds, “in order to get in exchange
the oil and wines of Italy.†It seems that the
weaving trade flourished even in those early times,
for we are told that there was a ready market
in Italy for “the Ligurian cloaks and tunics.â€
34 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
The history of the family of Columbus appears
in a series of documents preserved among the
archives of Genoa and Savona, which were for
the most part collected before 1586 by Giovanni
Battista Ferreri of Savona, and published in 1602
by Giulio Salineri in his ““Annotations upon. Taci-
â€
tus.†After long disputes and investigations the
authenticity of all these documents has been
established, the originals of those which had
been for a long time missing having been recov-
ered through the labors of Mr. Harrisse. Old
Giovanni of Terra-Rossa, the admiral’s grand-
father, was living at Quinto about the year 1445,
and he appears to have died there, before 1448,
leaving two sons, Domenico and Antonio, and a
daughter Battestina. Giovanni seems to have
owned a considerable amount of property. The
estate at Terra-Rossa may have gone to his son
Antonio, but Domenico used the territorial sur-
name while living at Quinto; his son Christopher
often signed his name as “Columbus de Terra-
rubea,†and Bartholomew signed in the same way
on the map which he presented to Henry the
Seventh. There was also property at Quinto
and Ginestreto, besides the two houses at Genoa.
We hear also of ground rents at Pradello, near
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 25
Piacenza, which fell to the share of Domenico,
and were inherited from him by his sons Christo-
pher and Bartholomew.
Among the documents preserved at Genoa is a
settlement made in 1448 on the marriage of Bat-
testina, then living with her brothers at Quinto,
with Giovanni di Fritalo, of the same place. The
brothers bind themselves to pay her dowry of
sixty gold lire by twelve installments, and each of
them further agrees to hand over to her trustee
within three years three silver spoons of due
weight, “according to the custom of the town of
Quinto.â€
Domenico was evidently of an eager and san-
guine temperament, often buying and selling, and
too ready to secure a tempting property by mort-
gaging his future work. In 1445 he sold certain
lands at “le Fassiole†in Quinto, described as
lying between the two highways, and as being
partly in grass, and partly planted with chestnuts
and underwood. Six years later he bought some
land at Quarto, in a place called ‘‘le Toppore,â€
planted with figs and other trees, at the price of
fifty gold “ve, mostly to be paid in cloth of
“Genoese medley.†Domenico was by this time
living in Genoa, and the purchase was effected at
‘
26 . THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the shop of Master Andrea di Clavaro the barber,
in the street by St. Andrew's Gate.
In 1470 he sold the property at Ginestreto,
and in the following spring his wife released it
from her jointure with the assent of such of her
male relations as had rights of pre-emption under
the law of Genoa. The document by which this
transaction was completed contains very minute
information about the relations of Columbus on
his mother’s side. Among those present were
his uncle Gioagnino of Fontana-Rossa, Guglielmo
from the same village, who was his first cousin
once removed, and Antonio de Amico, his second
cousin. Among those who were summoned, but
did not attend, were five more relations called
“de Fontanarubea,â€â€™ and members of the Pitto
and Boverio families.
A good many documents have been found
from time to time among the archives at Savona
which serve in one way to illustrate the life of
Columbus. Of these, some relate to the houses
at Genoa, where he was born and bred; others
show the status of his associates at Savona, his
efforts to help his father in trade affairs, and the
troubles which came on the old weaver when his
sons were gone to the Indies,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 27
One of these documents, dated in 1472, was
the will of his friend, Nicola di Monleone, a
trader of repute at Savona, living in a shop near
the law courts. Among the witnesses’ names we
find those of Fazio, a cloth shearer; Vigna, and
two other tailors by trade; Geronimo, a shoe-
maker, and ‘‘Christoforo di Colombo, of Genoa,
weaver.â€
About this time we find his father engaging
vigorously in business. He makes repeated pur-
chases of “wool of Saffi,†in bales worth about
eighteen gold lire apiece, at eighteen rolls to the
bale. The price was usually to be paid in kind,
with six months’ credit or more, the purchasers
contracting to deliver so many pieces of white
Savona stuff, each piece in sixteen lengths, and
weighing twenty pounds Genoese. In June,
1472, Domenico bought sixty-four rolls of wool
on this system. In the August following he
bought seven bales more at twenty gold lire the
bale, his son Christopher being required to join
as security. The terms were cash in a year, or
so much Savona cloth within six months. The
notarial registers for 1473-74 contain several
entries relating to deliveries of cloth by install-
ments under these contracts,
28 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
A deed of August, 1473, relates to the old
house near the Olive Gate at Genoa.
cloth worker had offered to purchase it for a price
to be paid in kind. Susanna joins in the deed
to release her rights of jointure, and her sons
Christopher and Giovanni-Pelegrino confirm the
transaction as her nearest male relations. This
deed was executed “in the shop belonging to the
dwelling house of the said Domenico and Su-
sanna.â€
In August, 1474, Domenico made an _ unfor-
tunate purchase of lands in the suburbs of
Savona. The price was never fully paid, and the
litigation arising out of the contract seems to
have dragged on until Don Diego Columbus,
about the year 1514, inquired about the affair,
and sent an authority from Hispaniola to settle
it, long after all the original parties had passed
away.
The vendor was one Corrado di Cuneo; the
purchaser is described as Domenico di Colombo,
of Quinto, a weaver of Genoa, at that time resid-
ing at Savona. The price was fixed at two
hundred and fifty gold lire of Savona, to be paid
by delivery of parcels of cloth in regular install-
ments. The property consisted of two pieces of
land on the Valcalda Road, partly under vines
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 29
and part in grass, with plantations of fruit trees
and underwood. One piece was freehold.
Among the fixtures were certain wine vats,
which may have had a special value to a pur-
chaser who kept a tavern. The other was held
ona renewable lease from one of the Canons of
Savona ata rent of a few pence. On the con-
firmation of the purchase by the Cathedral Chap-
ter, this rent was increased to twelve soldi, and it
was agreed that the lease should be renewable
every ninth year forever.
Domenico Colombo died about the year 1498,
his wife having died about four years previously.
His estate was insufficient to meet the claims
still outstanding under the contract of purchase,
and after some preliminary proceedings an action
was duly instituted against Christopher, Barthol-
omew, and Giacomo, as the heirs of Domenico
Colombo. They were, of course, living at that
time beyond the jurisdiction of the Court, resid-
ing, in the words of the legal formula, ‘“‘beyond
the limits of Pisa and Nice in Provence,†and
were, indeed, according to common repute, in
some part of the dominions of Spain. The
next neighbors were accordingly summoned
in their place, under a provision of the Savano
Code, and judgment was given against them.
30 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Before passing away from the subject of the
family property we must inquire what became of
the house and shop by St. Andrew’s Gate in
Genoa. Domenico returned to the city when he
was past work, and was living on the allowance
received from the admiral. The old house, how-
ever, had passed from his possession some years
since. There had been a mortgage in 1477,
made in consideration of an annuity secured in
the books of the Bank of St. George; and in
1489 the property was charged with a large sum
of money, found to be due to Giacomo Bavarello
the cheesemonger, in respect of Biancinetta’s
unpaid dowry. In 1490 Domenico was still in
possession, and gave a receipt for rent to a shoe-
maker who was occupying the shop. But about
two years afterward Bavarello realized his secur-
ity, and obtained a perpetual lease of the prem-
ises from the Abbey of San Stefano. His wife
was dead at that time, having left an only son,
Pantaleone, then about twenty-seven years of
age. He and his wife Mariola released their
rights in consideration of certain annuities, and
Giacomo Bavarello thus became absolutely
entitled to the property.
CHAPTER III.
“In his drowsy Paradise
The day’s adventures for the day suffice ;
Its constant tribute of perceptions strange,
With sleep and stir in healthy interchange,
Suffice, and leave him for the next at ease—
Like the great palmer-worm that strips the trees,
Eats the life out of every luscious plant,
And when September finds them sere or scant,
Puts forth two wondrous winglets, alters quite,
And hies him after unforseen delight.â€
THERE is no reason for doubting the biogra-
pher’s statement that Columbus was sent to
school at Pavia. The great University was then
at the height of its fame. Its chief renown was
in the school of law, where the jurists kept alive
the learning of Bartolo and Baldo. It was cele-
brated, moreover, for the attention paid to disci-
pline and morals, the careful teaching of theol-
ogy, and the painful study of the philosophy of
that day. Pavia has always been celebrated in
the faculty of medicine. Natural science was
studied, as far as the restrictions on knowledge
would admit, in the departments of botany and
ar
32 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
anatomy, of the knowledge of the earth and of
the celestial sphere. We must remember that
the real “order of the universe†was only just
beginning to be known. It was still a heresy,
and a folly besides, to believe in the Antipodes,
with the rain shooting upward and men walking
head downward. It was a dangerous error to
think of a diurnal movement of all things:
The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun,
The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse.
But the age was already excited with the
great African discoveries, and looking eagerly for
fresh wonders of science. The importance of
cosmography, of geometry, and especially of
nautical astronomy, was recognized on all sides.
The professors at Pavia included the new sub-
jects in their course’ of instruction. Columbus
was sent there to study geography in its widest
sense. His mind seems to have run upon this
subject from his early childhood. He entered
into all the departments of knowledge, without.
which he could not become one of the cosmogra-
phers. Latin and arithmetic were among the
preliminary rudiments. He advanced toward the
sciences of the measurement of the earth and the
apparent movements of the stars, and that knowl-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 33
edge of their appositions and occultations which
he afterward himself compared to “‘a prophet’s
vision.†Weare told that he also learned paint-
ing “in order to depict the regions of the world,
and to represent solid and lineal figures.†Don
Ferdinand adds as another reason that the great-
est of geographers had said, ‘“No one can be a
good cosmographer unless he isa painter too.â€
The quotation from Ptolemy is incorrect, perhaps
taken from a conversation with the admiral with-
out referring to the book. The ancient writer
drew a distinction between the science of geogra-
phy and the art of “chorography,†or description
of places. The science, he said, dealt mainly
with quantities, and the inferior art with quali-
ties. The former is a mathematical description
of. the proportions existing in nature, and re-
quires only signs and symbols. The other deals
with outward and physical appearances, “and no
one,†he adds, “will ever do this well unless he is
able to paint.†We are not considering the cor-
rectness of his view, or the fallacy of confusing
the atlas with the panorama. It is easy to see
why Columbus attached great importance to the
practical knowledge of map-making. He was, we
are told, so excellent a draughtsman, and such a
34 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
“penman,†that he could have maintained him-
self as a master of calligraphy. He was, we
know, so skilled in the preparation of charts,
“sea cocks,†and sailors’ cards, that he was able
to keep his family out of the profits when he
lived at Lisbon and in the Atlantic islands.
Something of this kind we may learn from his
own letter to the Catholic king, where he de-
scribes his intended journal; he promises to set
down at night all that happened by day, and
every day the navigation of the night before:
“and I purpose to make a chart and to set down
therein the lands and waters of the Ocean Sea,
with all their positions and bearings, and to com-
pose it into a book, and to illustrate the whole
with paintings, showing, as we go, the latitude
from the Equator, and also the western longi-
tude.â€
It has been said that Columbus was too young
in 1460 to be sent to a distant university, and
that there was, in fact, no time for study at Pavia
if he not only began to go to sea when he was
about fourteen years old, but also had to serve
an apprenticeship in the weaver’s trade. There
is no doubt that he was so apprenticed, probably
to his own father, and we know from the family
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 35
records the exact nature of the contract. At
some time after he was ten years old he was
bound to work at weaving for a term of years, to
obey all lawful orders, to remain im Genoa ex-
cept when the plague was raging, and in return
to get board and lodging, a blue gaberdine and a
good pair of shoes, and so forth. But his father
could of course relax or suspend the obligation,
and, inasmuch as Genoa began in 1459 to be the
center of warlike preparations for the great expe-
dition against Naples, it seems more than prob-
able that an opportunity would be found for
removing the boy to more peaceful quarters.
The same remark applies to the suggestion that
sufficient schooling in maritime affairs could have
been found at home without going to lectures in
an inland city. It should be remembered also
that the expense of living at Pavia would be very
slight, if we may judge by the records of our
English universities during the same period; and
that it was the fashion of the time for boys to
attend the professor’s lectures at an age when, in
our own state of society, they would be entering
a public school.
Looking back to the time when Columbus was
being educated there, one would see a very dif-
36 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ferent place from the Pavia of our day. Somé
features, of course, remain unchanged. The
town stands in the circuit of the ancient walls
within a network of confluent streams. The cov-
ered bridge is still as favorite a resort as when
Sforza set the roof on its hundred pillars. But
at that time the building of the great castle
behind the linen market had only just begun;
scores of private fortresses preserved the memory
of the feudal age and suggested an appropriate
name for the “City of Towers.†No great cathe-
dral church was erected as yet, but there were
many old Lombard churches, “carved like a fev-
erish dream,†most of which have long since
been destroyed. Some of their monuments, still
preserved in the University’s courtyards, show
the figures of the ancient professors, Baldo and
Alciati and the rest, lecturing in the midst ofa
circle of scholars old and young. Some change
for the worse has come over the place. It is
dismal and (as some say) unwholesome. But,
according to its historians, this was a delightful
region in the time of which we are speaking.
There were green plains around, and hanging
woods, with thickets of box and tamarisk. On
the meadows round the city the boys played and
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 37
raced in the winter sunshine; in summer, to
quote Sacci’s description, the time came for
walks and dozing in the shade. The air is full of
singing and fluttering birds. No venomous creat-
ures are here; the whining cicada is still, and
even the flies are kept off by the cool Alpine
breeze. We read in old eulogies of the Univer-
sity how broad were the streets and piazzas full
of bustling scholars, how bright the gardens
laden “with the odor and color of flowers.†We
can learn something even of the sports and
games. The boys raced and played at bowls, or
fell into groups for games of catching; and Pavia
was especially famous for ‘‘balloon-ball,†or a
kind of rude tennis, for which Sforza had built
courts about the time when he restored the
schools.
One would wish to know somewhat more
about the scholars themselves, their lessons, and
ways of living. A few figures, chiefly those of
professors and lawyers, may still be disengaged
from obscurity. Filippo Decio, the unconquered
disputant, was a few years younger than Colum-
bus; he came as a boy to learn law at Pavia, and
long afterward had a house demolished there by
the army of Pope Julius the Second. Giasone
38 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Maino, “the glory of the civilians,†was born in
1435. He may, therefore, have been at Pavia
with the young Columbus. We hear something
of a reckless youth, a torn gown, and a vellum
Code left at the pawn shop; afterward, we are
told, he “pulled himself together,†and became
the most illustrious of the professors. An eye-
witness reports a scene of the year 1507, when
Genoa had been taken by the French. Louis the
Twelfth went on to Pavia to hear a lecture from
“the solid doctor,†as Maino was at that time
called. The old classroom was crowded with car- |
dinals and nobles; the professor wore a gold-
laced gown, and was knighted; and there was
even some hope of a cardinal’s hat. Paolo
Giovio, who tells the story, describes the college
life as he saw it, the competition in lectures, the
fine addresses of Torriano on new discoveries in
anatomy and medical botany, and the degree
day when Paolo himself received the ring and
laurel wreath as a Master in Arts and Medi-
cine.
A letter written by one of the professors dur-
ing the lifetime of Columbus shows us the effect
produced at Pavia by the new discoveries. It
was sent to Ludovico Sforza by one Nicolo Scil-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 39
lacio, a lecturer in philosophy, who kept up a cor-
respondence with Spain. It is valuable as con-
taining an independent account of the events of
the second voyage; but its chief interest lies in
what is disclosed as to the state of geographical
learning. Columbus thought that he had arrived
at the neighborhood of China and Japan. By
the general opinion of Pavia the new islands were
at the back of Africa, near the spice country and
the Arabian shore; they were, in fact, the goal of
the Carthaginian commerce, the market of King
Solomon’s navies, and had been described by
many of the great writers of antiquity. Scillacio
labored at this point when describing the natives
of Hispaniola. ‘‘It is ascertained,†he says, “that
these are the Sabzans of the spice country, noted
in foreign chronicles, and over and over again
described in our books at home.†It should be
observed that he came from Sicily himself, and
makes a constant use of the collections of Dio-
dorus the Sicilian. “Everyone has been repeat-
ing, ‘The kings shall come from Sheba, bringing
gold and incense’; and with those kings the
island teems copiously and in bounteous abun-
dance. For the Sabzans are most wealthy in
the fragrance and fertility of their forests, and in
40 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
gold mines, and well watered meadows, and good
store of honey and wax.â€
Scillacio was, of course, referring to the bril-
liant description of Arabia by Diodorus. “On
the coasts grow balm and cassia; in the heart of
the land are shady woods and forests, graced and
beautified with stately trees of myrrh and frank-
incense, palms, and calamus, and cinnamon.â€
Of the Sabzeans in their chief city, he said that
they lived in a flood of gold and silver; their
cups and vats were of the precious metals, their
beds and chairs had silver feet. “The porticoes
of their houses and temples are some of them
overlaid with gold, and silver statues are placed
upon the chapiters of the temples.â€
The professor next shows, still with constant
references to the ancient historian, how the King
of Spain, like another Hercules, had passed the
bounds of Ethiopia and found the lost islands of
the Indian Sea. One point is made that was after-
ward taken up by Columbus: The geographers,
he says, and even the great Ambrosio Rosato,
must have been rather careless in their inquiries
about the Southern Ocean. ‘‘They have always
insisted that this vast tract of water was shut in
on all sides by a continent; but in our time,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 41
under the good auspices of the Spanish kings we
have seen this ring sailed through.†Columbus
- speaks of the same thing in the account of his
mystical vision. The voice said, ‘‘He gave thee
the keys of those barriers of the Ocean Sea which
were closed with such mighty chains, and thou
wast obeyed through many lands.†It is plain
that there is also a reference here to one of those
sayings in Esdras on which the admiral was fond
of basing his predictions. “The sea is set in a
wide place that it might be deep and great. But
put the case the entrance were narrow like a
river; who then could go into the sea to look
upon it and to rule it? If he went not through
the narrow how could he come into the broad?â€
Let it suffice, said Scillacio, that in this voyage
the islands have been found; something has been
learned of the climate, and some of the ports
have become known. “When they go back
again, and are able to traverse the coasts and to
explore the country inland, I shall take pains to
complete the descriptions of the classical writers ;
I shall add all that old tradition reports about
the savage manners and customs of the nations
of monsters, which Augustine, Bishop of Hippo,
an African himself, a pillar of the faith, saw with
42 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
his own eyes in the ends of Lybia, and collected
them in the book entitled ‘Sermons to the Erem.
» 9
ites. St. Augustine never wrote the book in
question, though he was credited with having
seen the one-eyed folk and people with heads
beneath their shoulders. St. Jerome, in the.
same way, was believed to be the authority for
half the absurdities which were collected in the
“Cosmography of A&thicus,†and afterward in the
pretended travels of Mandeville. All the trav-
elers’ gossip of the Greeks and the stories of the
Eastern bazaars had been foisted into general
belief under the pretended authority of Aristotle.
It was one of the chief impediments of learning
in the time of Columbus that the very sources of
knowledge were polluted in this fashion. The
classical works of Pliny and Mela, on which the
student had to depend, were full of scraps of
romance, taken from some Syrian story about
Thule, or some imaginary voyage out of the Cas-
pian Strait toward the cannibals beyond China
and the islands of gold and silver. Cosmas the
Voyager was supposed to have demolished the
theory that the earth wasa sphere. Little was
to be gained, beyond a list. of names, from the
Geographer of Ravenna and his collection of the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 43
learning of the Ostrogoths. The most popular
treatise on the subject was a mere travesty of an
ancient novel about the wanderings of Apol-
lonius.
It is not surprising, therefore, that men of
science relied on authorities of little value, and
altered their opinions on evidence which seems
very slight in our eyes. Even the description of
America, as we have seen, had been found in the
pages of Pliny and Diodorus. Columbus himself
easily gave up the notion that the earth was
round, though the experiments of Ptolemy had
proved it by eclipses and other observations. On
equally light evidence he concluded that he had
found in Veragua a savage nation described by
Hevodotus, as well as the golden Chersonese de-
picted in the histories of Josephus. In framing
his theory of the distribution of land and sea, he
appears to have based his reasonings on the dark »
questions of Uriel and the responses of Esdras:
“How great dwellings are in the midst of the sea,
or which are the outgoings of Paradise?†He
argues that, of the world’s seven parts six are in
the domain of Behemoth, wherein are a thousand
ills; ‘‘unto Leviathan Thou gavest the seventh
part, namely the moist, and hast kept him to be
ee
44 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
devoured of whom Thou wilt and when.†It
must have been from a few vague sayings of the
Fathers, and certain fables of the Ravenna Geog-
rapher, that he learned to look near India for the
site of the Garden of Eden and the outfalls of its
fourfold river. We have no means of ascertain-
ing the exact details of his studies, though his
biographer and Peter Martyr agree in the state-
ment that he attended classes in astronomy and
the use of the celestial sphere, and made some
practical acquaintance with the astrolabe and
other instruments of the art of navigation. The
archives of the University have been minutely
searched for anything that could illustrate the
great man’s career, and some of the professors
have been identified as having given lectures
which he most probably attended. The list
begins in the year 1460, about the time of his
return to Genoa. We learn by its help that
Stefano di Faventia and Antonio di Bernadigio
were at that time lecturing on astrology, which,
according to the ideas of that time, would in-
clude geometry and 4 knowledge of astronomy
proper, as well as the art of interpreting the signs
of future events, Francesco Pellacano and Al-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 45
berto di Crispi were lecturing about the same
time on natural philosophy; and we may sup-
pose that it was in their classes that Columbus
acquired his first instruction in Ptolemaic geogra-
phy and the physical science of Aristotle.
CHAPTER IV.
“ Ship to ship, cannon to cannon, man
To man, were grappled in the embrace of war,
Inextricable but by death or victory ;
The tempest of the raging fight convulsed
To its crystalline depths that stainless sea.â€
COLUMBUS left Pavia when he was about four-
teen years old. For a few months he was
employed-as an apprentice at home, working at
the wool-carding and helping his father at the
loom. He looked forward, like most of the boys
in Genoa, to a life of adventure at sea. He cher-
ished his private hope of probing the deep secrets
of nature in every part of the earth ‘‘from Thule
to the girdle of the world.â€
There was, however, at that time, a sudden out-
burst of war, which kept him cooped up within
the walls. Early in the year 1461 Genoa had
thrown off the yoke of France. The foreign gar-
rison was driven into the Gastle and besieged by
the civic militia. King Réné, whom Genoa had
often befriended, came over the sea from Prov-
ence and blockaded the port with a fleet of priva-
96
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 47
teers. But as the summer advanced the citizens
gained strength and ventured on a decisive battle,
in which the foreigners were driven away beyond
Savona. Columbus, “still in his tender youth,â€
was free to begin his career, and was soon going
about in the trading boats to Sicily and Aleppo
and up and down among the islands. When he
wrote long afterward his description of the mastic
trees of Hispaniola he told the Spanish king that
he had seen the lentiscus shrubs growing in Scio,
while'the island still belonged to Genoa, and had
noticed how the white gum was got from the
plants by incisions made just as they began to
flower. When he speaks of his discussions with
learned Indians we may suppose that he had
passed the Golden Horn, and visited the Black
Sea factories, where the Genoese conducted their
Crimean trade and collected at Poti the Indian
goods which the merchants brought down
through Georgia.
It was not until 1470 that he set up his home
in Lisbon. It was at the end of 1484 that he
fled into Spain, and he said in a letter to King
Ferdinand that he had then been negotiating
with the Court of Portugal for fourteen years.
We cannot account for all his employments from
48 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
his first going to sea until he was wrecked on the
coast of Portugal. We know from his own state-
ments that he was seldom away from the water
for any length of time; and we may suppose
that he was often at Genoa and Savona. But
it seems clear that during the latter part of the
period he gave up trade and engaged in priva-
teering under the command of the younger
Colombo, one of the two “admirals†whose fleets
were the terror of the West.
There has always been a great confusion of
ideas about the lives and exploits of these men.
They were closely connected in many ways.
It seems probable that they were father and son.
They sailed under the same flag and were en-
gaged in the same undertakings; each of them
was described in official documents as a vice-
admiral of France, and each was known as “the
Pirate Columbus†to the merchants whose ships
they captured.
The elder Columbus makes a figure in French
history under the title of “the Admiral Coulon.â€
He belonged to the family of Coulon, or ‘‘De
Columbo,†long established in the neighborhood
of Bayonne, and was the owner of an estate in
Gascony called Casenove or Caseneuve. In
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 49
some of his family documents we find him offi-
cially styled “Guillaume Casenove, dit Coulomp.â€
This man was.one of the most useful tools of
Louis the Eleventh. He had been the king’s
friend before he came to the throne, and during
the whole length of the reign he was loaded with
gifts and privileges. He was appointed vice
admiral of Normandy before the year 1465, and
he Held the office till his death in 1483. Besides
this, he was Controller of Forests and Waters for
Normandy and Picardy; he was one of the royal
equerries; he had privileges in some of the
southern forests, and fees and pensions charged
on various ports and havens in the North. More
than all this, he was permitted to marry a great
heiress, Guillemette le Sec, who brought with her
estates at Varelme, Charleval, and Mesnil-Paviot,
and the mansion at Gaillart-Bois, near Rouen,
where Louis used to stay with the old admiral
and weave plans for the destruction of their ene-
mies. Knowing the king's superstitious charac-
ter, it is interesting to hear that “the bold
Coulon†kept an astrologer in the house, one
Maitre Robert de Cazel, who knew the secrets of
navigation, and made such good calculations
“that the admiral did more in his time than any
5° THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
seaman since Messire Bertrand du Guesclin,
and was more feared than any living man on the
sea by the Norman coasts.†Wherever Louis
had work to be done, there the old sea-wolf was
found. He captured English ships returning
from their voyages to the Levant. He swept
the Dutch and Flemish traders from the sea in
the face of the navy of Charles the Bold. In
1474 he took two galleons belonging to the King
of Naples at Viverro on the north coast of
Spain; and two years afterward he entered Brest
Harbor, and took four Spanish vessels, putting
all his prisoners to death “by the edge of the
sword.†A little later we find him convoying
the defeated King of Portugal with a great navy
under the French flag. Soon afterward he is in
the North again, and in 1479 he revenged the
invasion of France by Maximilian and the defeat
of Louis at Guinegatte by capturing eighty
Dutch ships coming from the Baltic with cargoes
of rye, while other écumeurs de mer acting with
him captured the boats returning from the her-
ring fishery, a blow which struck the whole popu-
lation of the Low Countries and led at once to
the peace concluded at Tours.
The other “Admiral,†called for distinction
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 51
’
“Colombo il Zovene,†or “filius Columbi,†was
more of an adventurer, we might say more of a
corsair, than Coulon de Casenove. We do not
know, nor is it of much importance to know,
whether he was the natural son of the French
vice admiral. He was certainly not the son of
Guillemette le Sec, whose heir, Jean de Casenove,
succeeded her in possession of the estates; nor
was he connected, so far as is known, with the
other Jean de Casenove, who was employed in
the French navy after the vice admiral’s death.
His real name was Nicolo Griego, or Nicholas
the Greek; and that this was not a mere by-name
is shown by the mention of Giovanni Griego and
Zorzi Griego, who fought under his command in
1485, and took part in the negotiations for restor-
ing the ships which he had captured to the Re-
public of Venice. Sometime afterward there was
another Nicolo Griego, who was killed by the
Turks at Constantinople; and it seems likely
that therg was a family of the name driven away
from their country upon the fall of the Eastern
Empire, and established either at Genoa or some-
where in that neighborhood. It was said of this
Nicolo Griego, or ““Nicolo Columbo,†that no one
could actually say that he came from Genoa, but
52 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
that he was believed to be a citizen of Savona,
within the territories of the Republic.
There are many stories about this Griego,
under whose flag Columbus served so long. We
have seen that he began by equipping at his own
expense a fleet against the Infidels. We can
sympathize under the circumstances with the
desire to smite the Turks hip and thigh. But his
main object seems to have been to damage the
Venetians, partly as being the hereditary rivals
of his adopted country, and partly, no doubt,
‘because the French king secretly encouraged
everyone who would attack the friends of his
enemies,
The true explanation is afforded by the corre-
spondence which passed in 1474 and the year fol-
lowing with respect to the ships captured at
Viverro. As soon as Ferdinand of Sicily heard
of Coulon’s action, he at once sent to Louis and
demanded full compensation. Ina letter of the
oth of December, 1474, he expresses the aston-
ishment with which he had heard, “that one
Columbus, in command of certain ships, being a
French subject, should have taken two great gal-
leys, which last year went by our orders to trade
with England and Flanders,†turning out the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 53
crews and the merchants, and carrying off the
galleys to Normandy. It had been reported,
while the ships were still at Southampton, that
this Columbus was fitting out a squadron; but
absolute reliance had been placed on the good
feeling of the King of France, and now that the
galleys were within his jurisdiction the writer felt
confident that they would be duly restored with
all their contents. ‘‘The whole world,†he
added, “will judge between the parties to this
cause. Wherefore we have thought fit to send .
Arminius, our king-at-arms, to carry this letter
to your Majesty, and to bring back the answer
which your Majesty may think fit to deliver to
him.†Louis was delighted with his admiral’s
prowess, and was still more pleased, in this in-
stance, at being able to gain an ally on cheap
terms.
The answer was written on New Year’s Day.
Louis remarked, after many compliments, that
he had never had any injury from his friend,
except, indeed, when he allowed his soldiers to
attack the French expedition for the recovery of
Roussillon. As to the capture of the galleys, it
was done without the king’s knowledge and
against his wish, and as soon as he heard of it,
54 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
orders were given to impound all the spoil that
could be found. It was true that a good deal of
merchandise had been stolen or concealed by the
captain or by some of those who were with him ;
nevertheless, the king would, on receiving proper
schedules and declarations, account for all the
freight, besides giving the crews some wages, and
sending back the galleys properly victualed and
fitted out. “But,†said Louis, ‘‘when we come
to inquire of Columbus and his men what led
them to make this capture, against our wish, and
without any orders, what is their reply? Why,
they answer at once that it was because your
Majesty’s people attacked our forces in Roussil-
lon; because, moreover, these galleys were at that
very time returning out of the jurisdiction of the
English, the inveterate enemies of our crown, and
because the origin of their voyage had been in
the territory held by Charles of Burgundy, one of
our disobedient subjects. These galleys had
begun their voyage as carriers of goods for the
comfort and assistance of our enemies, and were
returning with stores intended to be used to our
loss. Moreover, this Columbus urges that by the
laws of war, as always used and acknowledged in
these western seas, any ship, galley, or bark may
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 55
be lawfully captured which is coming from an
enemy’s country, especially if carrying goods
whereby he may be enriched or strengthened.
Now those galleys certainly carried a quantity of
goods belonging to our enemies and to rebels
against us; and they had no license or permit
such as the French galleys have always had when
they have visited your Majesty’s dominions.â€
Such, said the French king, were the reasons
which might be properly adduced in favor of the
capture; but in spite of all this he intended to
restore the ships as before mentioned. As to the
enemy’s goods on board, the ordinary rule would
be followed, that such goods may be seized, even
under a friendly flag, on making good the freight,
as the king was now ready to do.
The services of Nicolo Colombo were at one
time engaged by Réné of Provence. The titular
King of Sicily claimed a right to attack the ships
of the reigning sovereign. News had _ been.
brought to Marseilles that a great vessel, called
La Ferdinandina of Naples, was lying off the
African coast near Tunis. She was a “galeass,â€
which has been defined as a large galley with
three masts and two lateen or triangular sails,
with an armed crew and heavy catapults set
56 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
between the benches of the oarsmen. Colombo’s
" squadron was lying in the port, and Christopher
Columbus was chosen to go across in command
of a “cutting-out†expedition. He has told the
story himself in a letter written in January, 1495,
from Hispaniola. ‘It happened to me that King
Réné, whom God has taken to himself, sent me
to Tunis to take the galeass, and when I got near
the island of San Pietro off Sardinia, I heard that
she had two ships and a long caracca in her com-
pany. This discomposed my men, and they
resolved to go no further, but to return to Mar-
seilles for another ship and more men. I saw
that there was no going against their will without
some contrivance, and seemed to give way; but
then I turned the needle of the compass right
round, and sct sail when it was getting late; and
the next day at sunrise we found ourselves off
Cape Certegna (in Africa), though all the crew
had thought for certain that we were making
homeward to Marseilles.†We do not know the
result of the engagement. Columbus was only
referring to the matter as an illustration of his
knowledge of nautical science. But we may con-
jecture that it began in the same way as Colom-
bo’s fight in 1475, when he attacked the Venetian
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 57
squadron off Cyprus. “We came upon Colom-
bo,†says the report to the Duke of Milan, “with
ships and galleys, and we were strongly minded
to let him pass; but they raised a shout of ‘Viva
San Giorgio,’ and would not move, and so the
fight began.â€
We have fuller information about the attack
on the Venetian galleys returning from England
in 1470, and generally about the danger to which
these ships were exposed in their annual voyage.
It should be remembered that the successful
attack of 1485, in which Christopher Columbus
was not engaged, was made on the galleys soon
after they had left Cadiz, and had got to Cape
St. Vincent on their outward course. The whole
- trade was a development of an earlier inter-
course between Venice and Flanders. Towards
the end of the fourteenth century it was found
that there was sufficient demand to justify the
loading of cargoes for London and Southamp-
ton, as well as for the ports in Flanders. Two
additional vessels were usually detailed for this
purpose. The whole trading squadron, still
known officially as the Flanders galleys, arrived
every summer in the Downs, and there separated
for the ports on either side of the Channel. For
58 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the return voyage in the autumn they all assem-
led again at Southampton.
They brought us the produce of the East, and
all kinds of goods from the Mediterranean ports.
The nature of the commerce appears from the
schedules of rates and prices current. The Eng-
lish market required wine, dried currants, Sicilian
sugars, and raw silks and cottons for the home
manufacturers. From Venice itself came dam-
asks, velvets, and worked silks of all kinds. Of
Genoese goods we took the gum mastic and fine
“terebinths,†or resins, from Scio; from Sicily,
among the less bulky goods, were sweets and pre-
served fruits, coral beads and gall nuts, and lamb-
skin “astrachans†brought over to Palermo from
Apulia. Among the spices we required, of
course, all that were commonly used in cookery,
including saffron, which had not yet become an
English crop and was largely imported from
Italy; of other spices and drugs we may note the
aloes and dragon’s blood from Socotra, scam-
mony from Aleppo, camphor and red _ sandal-
wood, cloves and clove stems, cinnamon and reed
cassia, ambergris from the Southern Ocean, and
the dried Indian fruits called “myrobolans,†which
were used in medicine as astringents. The car-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 59
goes for the Flemish cities consisted of much the
same kind of goods; but there were special de-
mands at Bruges for tabbies and silk yarns from
Syria, cardamums, woad and indigo, the hepatic
aloes, Barbary wax, and unworked ostrich feath-
ers; the Antwerp merchants demanded in addi-
tion Sicilian sulphur, ivory for combs, diamonds,
rubies, and manufactured jewelry.
There was a brisk demand for English woolen
cloths, and for cups, platters, and other articles
of wrought pewter. But the bulk of the cargoes
for the return voyage consisted of raw materials.
Of the five staple commodities that might be
purchased by the Venetians either in London or
at Middelburg in Zealand, by far the most impor-
tant were the wools and wool-fells, which are
described in the Great Ordinance of the Staple
as ‘“‘the sovereign merchandise and jewel of our
realm.†Next in importance were lead and tin in
sheets, rods, and blocks. Leather was in de-
mand, if the quality were good. Large Flemish
dressed oxhides sold well “at all the scales,â€
especially at Pisa and Palermo; and there was a
demand for calfskins, ‘‘if they were very large
and heavy.†Copper, unworked amber, and a
few other asticles of occasional demand appear
60 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
from time to time in the lists. There seems to
have been a special trade with Barbary, under
rules enforced with great severity. One of the
returning galleys was allowed to call at the Moor-.
ish ports with “fine English cloths†and certain
manufactured articles; but no tin or copper, or
article containing either of those metals, might
be landed without incurring ruinous forfeitures
and penalties.
There are many entries in the Venetian ar-
chives showing the dangers with which the trade
was surrounded. In one year the captain reports
that it would be dangerous to go near Sandwich
“by reason of a powerful English armadaâ€; on
another occasion a ship is only licensed to pro-
ceed “if it be known that she can pass Sandwich
in safety.†We hear continually of attacks ap-
prehended from “those who wish to live at their
neighbors’ cost.â€
In the spring of 1468 the danger seemed to be
increasing. There were rumors in the Rialto
that La /ustintana was lying in the Port of Lon-
don, short of sailors and ‘‘in manifest peril.â€
She ought to have had nearly forty more cross-
bowmen, besides her complement of rough Sla-
vonian rowers. The Senate met on May the sth,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 61
and the Doge was instructed to write to Ser
Luca Moro, commanding the fleet. The letter
still remains enrolled among the “Sea Decreesâ€
at Venice. Moro is directed to raise the crew to
the full strength without delay. Should he not
have left Bruges, he may raise twenty-five or
thirty men in Flanders, and take them across to
Southampton. Then he might put them on
board the galley lying there, and take a corre-
sponding number of picked men from Southamp-
ton across the country to London. Should he
be in England, he was to transfer enough men
from his other ships to man the /wstzzzana. In
any case, he must engage enough sailors, and he
was to take care that they belonged to as many
different nationalities as possible. “He is to take
the money required for manning the London
galley on a bill of exchange, if the master will
not disburse it, on the security of the freight, as
‘well as on the primage and freights from Sicily
and Barbary.â€
In the following month the Milanese ambassa-
dor reports a suspicious circumstance to his mas-
ter. The English and the Spaniards were in the
habit of capturing each other’s ships in a never-
ending series of reprisals. But something had
62 FHE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
recently happened which. looked as if there was
an understanding between the two governments
to fit out a combined fleet against France. ‘‘The
Admiral of France,†meaning the Vice Admiral
Coulgn, had captured two English ships, with
cargoes of spices and other merchandise, return-
ing from the Levant. As he was going home
with his prizes he was himself captured by a
Spanish man-of-war. The Frenchman protested,
on the ground that his country was at peace with
Spain, and demanded immediate release. ‘‘You
need not think of such a thing,†said the Spanish
captain; “you would do as much to me, and
worse too, if you had the chanceâ€; and he re-
minded Coulon of the letters of mark and reprisal
under which so much property of Spanish sub-
jects had been seized.
The imprisonment of Coulon relieved to a
great extent the anxieties of the Venetian mer-
chants. It seems, however, as if they did not
know the real nature of their danger. We can
see that Louis the Eleventh never lost an oppor-
tunity of setting their enemies upon them, and
yet was unwilling to take part in any open hostili-
ties. He has explained the matter himself ina
letter written to Francesco Sforza on the 27th of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 63
December, 1469. He informs the Duke of Milan
of the arrival of an envoy from Venice, asking
that the republic may have security on the open
sea and within the French dominions. Louis
does not care much about the matter; he only
denies the request because the Venetians are
hostile to Sforza, and therefore enemies of
France. He would be glad to know what ought
to be done. He therefore asks Sforza to dis-
patch a special envoy, and to send word what the
Venetians had done about resisting the French
clauses in the treaty lately concluded‘ at Rome.
It may be mentioned here that the safe conduct
was not actually granted to the Venetians until
1478. This appears by a dispatch sent by the
Signoria in that year to Giovanni Candida, Secre-
tary to the Duke and Duchess of Burgundy, in
which it was stated that “of late years the King
of France had taken several Venetian ships, and
had repeatedly waylaid the Flanders galleys.â€
Finally Domenico Gradenigo had been sent as an
ambassador, and the ships and galleys had been
guaranteed “without any detrimental conditions.â€
In the month of July, 1469, letters were re-
ceived at Venice from the English consul, Marco
de Ca, and from merchants in the factories of
64 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
London and Bruges, which stated that “the
pirate Columbus,†evidently meaning Nicolo
Colombo, was in the Channel with eight ships
and barges. ‘‘There he awaits the Venetian gal-
leys with intent to damage them, and if the ships
come singly the mischief might not be limited to
mere damage.†The Senate was convened, and
a decrée passed in haste, directing the consuls in
London and Bruges to order all Venetian cap-
tains to put themselves under the orders of Ser
Zuane Capello, commanding the galleys, and to.
remain in his company until he should be out of
danger from the corsair. “Should it behove the
ships to await the galleys, let an average be made
to defray the costs of demurrage, payable thus:
one-third by the goods, freight, and tonnage of
the ships, according to the proper rate, and two-
thirds by the merchants and freights of the
galleys.â€
In the early part of the year 1470 there were
more serious alarms about the trading fleet.
The galleys had arrived at the Downs in the
spring, under the command of Ser Gabriele Tre-
visano. By the middle of May they had not yet
finished loading for the homeward voyage, but
were expected in a short time to assemble at
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 65
Southampton as their place of rendezvous. The
Venetian ambassador in France reported that
fresh preparations for attack were being made by
the “‘pirate Colombo.†Moreover, the seas at
that time were in avery unsafe state. We hear
incidentally of English corsairs in the Bay of Bis-
cay, and of “Easterling pirates†off the coast of
Flanders; the Venetians themselves were in
trouble with the English about the capture of a
vessel belonging to one William Cooper off the
Island of Scio. There seemed also to be some
likelihood of a war between England and France.
Edward the Fourth was for the moment in full
agreement with the king-maker Warwick, who in
the world of politics was “the mover of both
‘wind and tide,†and it was suspected that they
were arming for a descent upon Normandy.
Should such an invasion take place, attacks
would doubtless be made by Louis upon any
neutrals trading with England or carrying her
goods to the Mediterranean. There was danger
besides, in any case, from the fact that they were
“comforting and assisting’ Charles the Bold by
trading with his ports in Flanders. On May the
17th the matter was debated in the Senate, and
it was decreed that the ships La Malipiera and
66 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
La Squarcia should be ordered ‘‘instantly to join
the captain of the Flanders galleys, and to con-
voy him until he be out of danger from the
pirate.†Should the galleys not have finished
loading, the ships were to wait for them, and to
be allowed payment of demurrage from the date
of their arrival at the Isle of Wight; and it was
ordered that the insurances on the ships were not
to be impugned on account of anything arising
out of this special service.
All calculations were upset by the strange
course of events in England. The Wars of the
Roses were a wild confusion of alternate victory
and ruin, of tragedy and farce. ‘One piece of
news,†men said, ‘‘is never like the last; they are
always as unlike as day is to night.†Continual
treachery was helped by the universal careless-
ness. The Italians had a proverb that you
should not let go the man whom you ought
never to have caught; but the king-maker
pushed his puppets up and down, unmindful of
their chances of revenge. Edward the Fourth
was one day a prisoner, and the next day was
hunting with Warwick; in a little while the
king-maker is overthrown, and Edward is enter-
ing London in triumph. An outburst of the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 67
Lancastrians was luckily suppressed at Stamford,
and it forthwith appeared that the army was all
for the White Rose; Warwick fled across the
sea, and with him his newly chosen son-in-law,
“the perjured Clarence,†soon to betray him
again, and to plot fora share of his inheritance.
They crossed with a few ships to Calais, and on
being repulsed went to meet the French king
at Amboise. Their best refuge seemed to be
Dieppe, where they brought a few ships captured
in the Channel, belonging to subjects of Charles
the Bold, or to his allies in Brittany. The duke
demanded instant reparation for the insult; and
he pointed out that some of his ships had been
taken by the fleet which the King of France,
according to his own account, had collected to
make war against the English. Louis was ready,
of course, to appoint commissioners to inquire
into the matter. Meantime the ships under
Warwick moved to Grandeville, and afterward to
Cherbourg. Charles the Bold showed his impa-
tience of the delay by a letter of May the 2oth,
addressed to the Archbishop of Narbonne and
the Admiral de Bourbon, in which he complained
of the proceedings of the French ships, includ-
ing, as we suppose, the squadron under the
68 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
‘‘pirate Colombo,†and swore by St. George that
he would soon find a remedy of his own.
A few days afterward the duke heard that
Warwick had captured more of his ships, and
that the Frenchman was about to send an incen-
diary to destroy the rest of his fleet. He at
once sent his whole force to the mouth of the
Seine, under Admiral La Vire; and here, near
Chef-de-Caux, they were soon afterward joined
by men-of-war from England and Brittany. The
Burgundians were especially strong; the duke
had found at Ecluse two galleys from Genoa,
besides a good many Spanish and Portuguese
ships, and a few German trading boats, which
were all impressed for his service.
The Burgundians proceeded to summon the
English fleet, giving notice at the same time that
they had no quarrel with the French. The Ad.
miral de Bourbon replied that in any case there
must be no fighting in French waters. Mean-
time every vessel that could be spared was being
equipped for Warwick's benefit. Réné of Pro-
vence was sparing no trouble or expense to aid
the cause of his daughter, the exiled Queen Mar-
garet. Louis himself was superintending the
business, passing and repassing among the coast
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 69
towns, under his habitual pretext of a pilgrimage
to Mont St. Michel. According to Polydore
Vergil, a fairly large fleet and ‘an army not to
be despised†were got together in the course of
the summer. In September it was arranged that
Warwick and his fleet should shift their quarters
to Havre, and slip across to England whenever
the chance arrived. On the night of September
the 13th a great storm arose. The Burgundians
were caught and scattered far and wide, some
toward Scotland, some back toward Flanders and
Holland. Then the wind veered to the south-
east. Some say that a fog came on, which puz-
zled the English commanders in the blockading
squadron; others tell us, with greater probabil-
ity, of a breeze blowing hard for Devonshire.
Warwick at once sailed out, and made for Dart-
mouth, where he had left. the people, a few
months before, all well-disposed to the Red Rose
and old King Henry. The French fleet sailed with
him as a convoy, under orders to run ahead with-
out fighting, unless they were actually attacked.
After a run of nearly three hundred miles they
passed Torbay and Berry Head, and stood at the
entrance to the haven; the great chain was low-
ered, and they passed in between the castles,
70 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. —
King Edward had been vainly warned of his dan:
ger. Even after the landing he wrote to Charles
of Burgundy to come and catch the invaders in
the trap. But while he was getting his forces
together the armies of the West came upon him,
sixty thousand strong, and in a few days he was
a fugitive, and making for his refuge in Flanders
again.
“Amid the clash of these great events the
trouble about the Venetian galleys was forgot-
ten. We are not told in so many words that
Colombo and his ships gave up the pursuit for a
time; but it is obvious, from what the historians
have recorded, that the squadron must have
joined the main French force, and must have
been blockaded with the rest at the mouth of the
Seine. It is difficult to suppose that they took
no part in the expedition to Dartmouth.
Under the orders of Louis, or of Réné, or as
the habitual associates of Coulon, one must sup-
pose that the younger Colombo and his men
were made to carry part of Warwick’s forces, or
to help in convoying his fleet. If this be so, it is
nearly certain that Christopher Columbus must
have seen the south coast of Devonshire and
entered the port of Dartmouth. We know, from
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 71
his own words to Ferdinand, that he was in the
service of Colombo, and fought for him off Cape
St. Vincent; and it is expressly stated in his let-
ters that he had been in England and had seen
the harbors there, “though he never saw any har-
bors as good as those which he found in the
Indies.â€
When the galleys were going home in the
autumn with the ships detailed for their protec-
tion, they found the enemy awaiting them off
the coast of Portugal. Creeping past Vigo Bay
and the broad estuary of the Tagus, they came
in sight of the bar of Odemira, where Columbus
afterward saw land at the end of his second voy-
age; and the place is memorable for the reason
that he had used what seemed to be a propheti-
cal power, and had guessed the longitude by the
variations of the needle, when all the pilots were
at fault. Further on there stretched into the sea
the great wedge-shaped form of Cape St. Vincent,
the “Sacred Promontory†of the ancient geogra-
phers, who believed it to be the western extrem-
ity of the world. Behind the Cape was the
favorite lurking-place of the “French pirates.â€
Here in February, 1477, while Christopher Co-
lumbus was in the North Sea, his old commander
72 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
_ waited for the galleys and a crowd of merchant-
men from Cadiz. Here, too, on the 2ist of
August, 1485, the four galleys, sailing this time
from Cadiz without protection, “fell in with
Colombo, that is to say, Nicolo Griego, captain
-of seven armed ships under the flag of King
Charles of France,†or, according to a fuller de-
scription in a letter from King Ferdinand to
Henry the Seventh, “met Columbus, the vice
admiral of the French seas and commander of
the navy of the most Christian king.†At day-
break they came to blows, and the battle, which
ended in the capture of all the galleys, lasted as
we are told “from the first hour of the day till
the twentieth.†The Venetians threatened re-
prisals, but the matter soon subsided in a long
negotiation. A few years afterward, the admiral
himself had to change his course on his third voy-
age across the Atlantic, in order to avoid an
attack from the French ships hovering off the
cape. Some time afterward the “French pi-
rates†had a great success in capturing a Portu-
guese trader passing near the cape with a cargo
of gold, ivory, and African merchandise from the
Gold Coast. The King of Portugal was not so
peaceful as the Venetians had shown themselves.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 73
He threatened instant war, unless both ship and
cargo were restored; and when everything was
given up, except one gray parrot, he again threat-
ened war until the French king gave back the
parrot at last, and so averted a catastrophe.
The picturesque and fervid account of the
action of 1470, in which Christopher Columbus
took part, must have come, one would think,
from the admiral’s own lips, in the very words
reported by Don Ferdinand. The narrative is
no way injured by the error which the biographer
made in thinking that the later battle, described
by the Venetian writers, was that in which his
father had been engaged. After speaking of
Colombo the Younger, he proceeds as follows:
“T say that while the admiral sailed with the
aforesaid Colombo el Mozo, which was a long
time, it fell out that, hearing of the galleys com-
ing from Flanders, they went out to look for
them, and found them near Cape St. Vincent.
Then falling to blows, they fought furiously, and
grappled and. beat one another from ship to ship
with rage and fury, with their pikes and hand
grenades and other fiery artillery; and so after
they had fought from matins to vespers, and
many had been killed, the fire seized on my
74 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
father’s ship and also on one of the great galleons.
Now they were grappled together, with iron
hooks and chains such as sailors use, and neither
of them could. get free because of the confusion
and fear of the fire; and the fire soon grew so
great that the only hope was for all who could to
leap into the water, and to die quick rather than
face the torment of the flames. But the admiral
being an excellent swimmer, and seeing himself
about two leagues from land, laid hold of an oar
which Fortune offered him, and sometimes rest-
ing on it and sometimes swimming, it pleased
God, who was preserving him for greater ends, to
give him strength to get to land, but so tired and
spent with the water that he had much ado to
recover himself.â€
The story now concludes: ‘‘It was not far
from Lisbon, where he knew that there were
many Genoese, and he went there as fast as he
could; and being recognized by his friends, he
was so courteously received and entertained that
he set up house and married a wife in that city.â€
CHAPTER V.
“Sanguine he was. But a less vivid hue
Than of that islet in the chestnut bloom
Flamed in his cheek ; and eager eyes, that still
Took joyful note of all things joyful, beamed
Beneath a mane-like mass of rolling gold.â€
COLUMBUS was about twenty-four years old
when he settled at Lisbon. Some rumors of the
world’s admiration of his fine appearance and
vigorous mind have come down to our times.
He was gifted with the physical strength, the
subtle intelligence, and the instinctive love of the
sca which antiquity attributed to the Ligurians.
He had little other resemblance to their dark and
slender race. He bore the signs of descent from
a Teutonic stock, being light-haired and fair, like
one of the Lombard warriors on the frescoes in
the Palace of Theodolind. Both his sons, as well
as the historian Herrera who was in possession of
many of his documents, have said that he was of
a comely presence. He was tall and large
of limb. His face was long, with an aquiline nose;
the cheeks ‘rather full, “neither large nor lean,â€
75
46 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
according to Don Ferdinand; he had a very
clear complexion, with a ruddy glow and bright
patches of red; his eyes were of a bluish gray;
his hair and beard were red in his youth, but
they lost their color and became gray before he
was thirty years old.
There are many portraits of Columbus, but
none which have been absolutely accepted as
genuine; and we have probably no means of
recovering the outline of any original from which
subsequent copies may be taken to have de-
scended. According to an ancient tradition in
Spain, the admiral’s portrait was taken at Seville,
after his return from the second voyage. Nava-
rete has shown that, if this were so, the artist
must have been Antonio del Rincon, who was at
that time attached to the court of King Ferdi-
nand; but the fact that he was painted still
remains to be proved. There are two portraits
in Spain to which a high antiquity is attributed,
the one now in the Arsenal at Carthagena, and
the other belonging to the admiral’s descendants.
The latter is very like the ancient bust of Colum-
bus at Madrid, and may possibly have been taken
from it. A copy of it was prefixed to Navarete’s
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 77
ered to be nearest to the truth. The portrait in
the National:,Library at Madrid has been so
much repainted that it is difficult to guess at its
original appearance; but there is some reason to
think that it may have been copied from an
Italian version.
A peculiar interest attaches to a set of por-
traits derived from an original which once be-
longed to Paolo Giovio and was exhibited in his
museum at Como. The learned Bishop of No-
cera made the first great collection of portraits.
His method is explained in his own delightful
descriptions of the gallery. In dealing with the
great men of antiquity, he had recourse to like-
nesses on coins and to old statues; in the case of
famous Italians, he copied the figures on tombs
and monuments. Sometimes, as when dealing
with the leading jurists, he found a set of por-
traits ready to his hand in one of the small local
collections. Other pictures were copied for him
at Rome, Florence, and Milan. Sometimes he
was able to secure the work of the great masters
themselves. His ‘‘Solyman the Magnificentâ€
was a replica of the picture painted by Gentile
Bellini, in fear and trembling, at Constantinople.
His “Matthias Corvinus†was by Andrea Man-
78 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
tegna. Giulio Romano had delivered over to the
museum the heads from Bramantino’s frescoes,
which Raffaelle himself had copied in the Vati-
can. We find him writing to Aretino for another
portrait, this time to be taken by Titian. He
usually tells us the source from which he ob-
tained his treasures. The set of Turkish Sultans,
for instance, was a present to the King of France
from the pirate Barbarossa; the likeness of the
last Sultan of Egypt was copied from the picture
taken at the storming of Cairo; the lineaments
of “Scanderbeg’â€â€ had been compared with the
face of his descendant as he lay. dead on the bat-
tlefield at Ravenna. #
The bishop himself had seen Tristan d’Acun-
ha at Rome, and could vouch for the excellence
of his likeness, as well as for the truth to nature
of the figures of Tristan’s elephant and rhinoc-
eros, which were depicted in the entrance hall.
The museum itself stood on a promontory
opposite to a little island, just beyond the en-
trance to the harbor of Como. The island has
been reclaimed, and the whole site is now taken
into the town. From the terrace on the north-
ern front the visitor came into a spacious hall
with open porticoes, and rooms on all sides filled
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 79
with statues or pictures. The upper gallery was
used for the historical portraits, and here, in the
series of heroes and warriors, was hung the fine
picture of Columbus of which mention has al-
ready been made. It was set in a frame carved
with emblems of maritime discovery, and con-
taining the figures of an Ethiopian king and of
an Indian in a garment of parrots’ feathers. At-
tached to it was a parchment scroll containing
the eulogy on the admiral, together with a some-
what inaccurate account of the celebrated voy-
ages, from which a few sentences may be taken.
‘Here is that Christopher Columbus, the discov-
erer of a wonderful world unknown to any age
before; whom we may believe to have been born
under the benign influence of fortunate stars, to
be an incomparable honor to Liguria, a choice
adornment of Italy, a flaming light of our age,
and that he might outshine the fame of the
heroes of old. Columbus from his first youth
was given up, like all his countrymen, to naviga-
tion, and traveled to all the marts and islands
and shores of the Mediterranean Sea; and, as
one vehemently given to geography, he turned
all the strength of his deep-searching mind to the
contemplation of all matters and regions in the
80 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
terrestrial sphere, and that with such spirit and
force as to learn from astronomy the measures of
the tropics and equator and the various zones, as
well as the exact use of the compass and the
whole chart of the sea; and he predicted, with no
vain conjecture, that quite new lands lay under the
western sun, whereof, indeed, Plato himself and
Seneca, and other Greeks and Romans, had left
certain arguments to be weighed and considered
by the cosmographers.†The inscription ended
by recommending the Genoese to set up a statue
of the discoverer of a world, though in that day
they had the character of admiring the present
and rather underrating the past.
Paolo Giovio was a contemporary of Colum-
bus, having been born in 1483. But he can
hardly have begun making his collection till after
1527, the year of the sack of Rome, in which he
lost all his possessions. It is said that he closed
his historical series in 1544, when his dying
brother Benedetto was gratified by being added
to the persons there commemorated. Paolo him-
self died in 1552. The portraits were hurriedly
copied by Cristofano dell’ Altissimo and others
working under him; and the copies are still to be
seen in the Uffizi Gallery at Florence. Almost
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 81
all the portraits appear in the woodcuts to the
volumes of “Elogia,†published by Peter Pera at
- Basle in 1575 and 1577, and reprinted in 1578
after a closer examination of the original. Ros-
coe states, in his “Life of Pope Leo,†that the
collections as made by Paolo Giovio were long
preserved in the College of the Holy Rosary at
Venice, the seal of the college being affixed to
the back of every picture. We learn that on
their dispersal he acquired many of them for his
own collection; but nothing is stated by him as
to the fate of the admiral’s portrait. A discov-
ery has lately been made at Como which may
throw some light on the question. A portrait of
Columbus in his old age has been found among
the heirlooms of the Giovio family by Dr. De
Orchi, its present representative. It differs
considerably from the Florentine picture, but
might perhaps have been the original from which
Perna’s woodcut was derived. Paolo Giovio may
very well have had two portraits of his favorite
hero; but it is important to observe, in any case,
that he refrains from saying where he procured
the painting to which the text of his biographical
narrative was attached.
Returning to Columbus at. Lisbon, we must
82 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
now notice a curious mistake that has crept into
some of the biographies, to the effect that his
brother Bartholomew was already established
there, and was celebrated as a famous geogra-
pher; and that Christopher Columbus thereupon
proceeded to learn map-making from him and all
the science and information which led to the dis-
covery of America.
It was one of the thirteen lies, to use Don
Ferdinand’s rough phrase, which Giustiniani
crammed on to a sheet of paper when he set
about illustrating the Psalter, that the admiral
went to Lisbon to learn cosmography from his
brother: “which was quite the contrary, because
the admiral lived in that city first, and afterward
taught the brother everything he knew.â€
Giustiniani had taken the story from Antonio
Gallo of Genoa, who wrote an account of the dis-
covery during the admiral’s lifetime, after reading
the letters in which the voyages were originally
described. As a matter of fact, Bartholomew
was not in Portugal in the year 1470, nor for
more than ten years afterward. How then, it
may be asked, did the mistake arise? The mat-
ter is interesting, as showing the kind of igno-
rance among educated men with which Columbus
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 83
had so often to contend, when he discussed his
projects and theories, again and again, in fruitless
conference.
Gallo was all the time confusing Don Bartholo-
mew with Ptolemy, or “Tolomeo,†the ancient
geographer of Alexandria. He thought that
Columbus was referring to instruction received
from his brother when he was discussing the
measurements in maps of the second century, or
was declaring his preference for the still older
views of Marinus of Tyre. One example will
serve to illustrate the point. It has reference to
the position of the ancient city of Cattigara, on
the eastern confines of India. Marinus had
placed it in a certain position of eastern longi-
tude, and in the same latitude as the mouths of
the Indus. This fixed point of Martnus had
been altered by Ptolemy, who thought that he
had corrected his master’s measurement by
bringing it thirty degrees nearer to Africa.
When Columbus saw the eclipse at Evangelista
near Cuba, as mentioned in his Jamaica letter, he
thought that he had reached the fixed point indi-
cated by Marinus, and had therefore arrived at
India, and had joined the map of his own route
to the map of the world as known to the an-
84 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
cients. He was on the 24th parallel of latitude
and “in the 9th hour†of western longitude, so
that he must be near the city in question. Now
Gallo goes into all these details, quoting the
words of the admiral’s letter, and concludes that
Columbus had reached the point indicated by
Ptolemy ‘‘only two hours east of that place
which Bartholomeus called Cattigara, and consid-
ered to be the last inhabited region of the East.â€
For such reasons he describes Don Bartholomew
as a-very celebrated cosmographer, “whose charts
showed by just lines and proportions all the seas
and ports, and the shores, gulfs, and islands’;
and he credits the younger brother with showing
to Christopher, as a practical sailor, how he must
follow the Portuguese track along the coast of
Africa, and then turn to the right, and then, sail-
ing always toward the West, he must arrive at
the continent beyond the ocean.
The biography tells us how courteously Colum-
bus was received by the Italian merchants in Lis-
bon, and how his reputation was increased when
it was found that “the behaved honorably, and
did nothing but what was just.†There is natu-
rally but little information as to the names of
those who assisted him and helped him to set up
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 88
in business. It has been thought, however, that
some indications may be gathered from the
death-bed codicil, in which his son Don Diego
was told to pay certain legacies to persons whom
his father had known in Lisbon, or to the repre-
sentatives of such of them as were then dead,
and make the payment in such a way that no
one might know from whom the benefit came.
It has been suggested, indeed, that these gifts
may have been repayments of outstanding com-
mercial debts, or of debts at least binding in
honor; but it seems more probable, from what is
known of his character, that they were recogni-
tions of the kindness which he had received dur-
ing the early part of his career in Portugal.
We find in this list the names of several Geno-
ese merchants who were trading at Lisbon in the
year 1482, the date to which the codicil specially
refers, and of other Italians, connected with that
city, whom the admiral maye have known at an
earlier period. There is a gift to the heirs of one
“Antonio Vazo†of Genoa, whose name should
be ‘‘Tobazo,†according to the researches insti-
- tuted by Mr. Harrisse. There is also a small
legacy of twenty ducats, or their value, to the
representatives of Geronimo del Puerto of Genoa,
86 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
who was the father of Benito del Puerto, after-
ward Chancellor of the City. A legacy of 30,000
reals, equivalent to about seventy-five dollars,
was bequeathed to the heirs of Centurione
Scotto Luigi, a member of a family that still
flourishes at Genoa. Another gift of a hundred
ducats went to the heirs of Paolo de Negro of
the same place. Baptista Spinola, belonging to a
noble family established near Alessandria, was to
receive twenty ducats; and, finally, there was a
bequest of eight ounces of silver in favor of the
old Jew “who used to live close to the gate of
the Jewry in Lisbon.â€
CHAPTER VI.
“Tf I had a friend that loved her,
I should but teach him how to tell my story,
And that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake;
She loved me for the dangers I had passed,
And I loved her that she did pity them ;
This only is the witchcraft I have used.
Here comes the lady. Let her witness it.â€
PuitippA Moniz, the hero’s beautiful and
courageous wife, came of a race that loved the
sea. Her father, Perestrello, was one of the
great explorers who had found again the lost
islands of the Atlantic. To her family belonged
the government of the new colony at Porto
Santo. Some of her nearest relations were com-
panions of Vasco da Gama, and took part in the
Portuguese expeditions to India and China.
Like Columbus himself she belonged to the
fair Lombard race. She was a descendant of
Gabriel Pallastrelli, one of the best-born nobles
of Piacenza, and through his marriage she
claimed alliance with the line of the fighting
Bracciforti. Gabriel’s son, Philip Pallastrelli, had
; ay
88 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
married a kinswoman of the Visconti reigning at
Milan; and he was Philippa’s grandfather, after
whom she was named. When all the bold adven-
turers went out to Portugal to take part in the
maritime discoveries, Philip followed with the
rest, and became naturalized there under the
name of Perestrello.
His family seems to have prospered in its new
home. Raphael, his elder son, became the head
of a branch that still flourishes in Lisbon. Bar-
tholomew, the father of our Donna Philippa, was
brought up at the court of Prince Henry and
became one of his bravest captains. Philippa’s
aunt was married to the statesman Pedro de
Naranhos, and their son was Archbishop of Lis-
bon at the time of which we are writing.
When Columbus came to Portugal, Philippa’s
father had been dead for about twelve years.
Her mother had a house at Lisbon, but the
young lady held a somewhat independent posi-
tion. Either through her father’s merits, or by
the favor of her cousin the Archbishop, she was
a “cavaliera,†or dame, in one of the knightly
orders, with a home, if she pleased, in the rich
Convent of All Saints. Here, it is said, she used
to sing in the chapel choir. The young Genoese
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 89
found his way to the same church and became con-
stant in his attendance at the service. She noticed
his fine figure and handsome appearance, and soon
permitted him to make a closer acquaintance.
O tre fiate avventurosa figlia
Di Perestrello !’ti condusse amore
Ad incontrar l’eroe.
To some of her prosperous relations an alliance
between Philippa and an Italian adventurer must
have been extremely distasteful. He was clever
enough, and able to keep himself with his charts
and scrolls; but, after all, he was nothing but a
foreign captain who had lost his ship, and had
joined the crowd of adventurers full of rich
promises and fantastic inventions.
The lady had inherited a strong will. Her
father, we know, was dead, and he had left hera
plantation in his island of Porto Santo. She ad-
mired the brave spirit of Columbus, and shared
in his fervid dreams; and “she was so taken with
him,†says the biographer, “that she soon became
his wife.â€
Columbus found that he was introduced toa
host of new friends and relations. Philippa had
much to tell him of her father’s exploits, and of
her young brother serving in Africa, who would
go THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
soon be taking over his governorship. ‘Her
father had been twice married. She had three
half-sisters, the children of Donna Beatrix Fur-
tada. These were Kate and Beatrix and Iseult,
‘‘Queen Iseult, at Porto Santo,’ whose husband
was Pedro Correa, the governor, or rather, per-
haps, the acting-governor, ready to give up the
post to young Bartholomew as soon as he was of
age to take it. She had sisters of her own. The
name of one of them appears in the last will of
Don Diego, the second viceroy, who left a good
legacy to his “Aunt Brigulaga.†We know that
one of her sisters was married to a Spanish gen-
tleman named Mulia, residing at Huelva, with
whom Columbus took refuge when he fled from
Portugal. Her home, by a curious chance, was
near the pine woods that enfold the monastery
of La Rabida, where the admiral found peace
and good counsel; and it looked out over the
Port of Palos, across the red bar of Saltes, where
he sailed out with his little fleet on the first night
of his great adventure.
Philippa’s mother was Donna Isabel Moniz,
one of the children of Gil Moniz, a man of good
family from Algarete, who had raised himself
from the position of a secretary to a place of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. gl
some dignity and importance. Several mernbers
of his family are mentioned in the Portuguese
records. He had three sons, Diogo, Vasco, and
Ruy, and a daughter Guiomar, who was married
to Don Diaz de Lemos before Columbus and
Philippa became acquainted. Philippa’s uncle
Diogo was one of the guardians of her brother’s
estate. The other uncles were very busy about
a family lawsuit that began in the year before
her engagement. Her grandfather, Gil Moniz,
had endowed a private chapel and vault in the
Carmelite monastery, and it was clear that no one
out of. his direct line was intended to use the
vault. But the Prior had unjustly allowed a
stranger to be buried there; and: the family
hoped and believed, quite rightly, as the event
turned out, that they would obtain a plain decree
that the lineage of Gil Moniz alone had the right
of interment. The chapel and all its monuments
were long ago swallowed up in the pit of the
great earthquake; but the family tradition re-
mains that Donna Isabel was buried there, and
that Philippa’s body rested for a time in the
vault before her son, the heir of Columbus,
removed them to the famous tomb in the cathe-
dral church of San Domingo,
92° THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Philippa could tell many a story of the lonely
rock of Porto Santo where her childhood had been
spent. When Perestrello died in 1457, Donna
Isabel was glad to take her children home, and to
leave her son-in-law Correa to look after the plan-
tations and to keep up the dignity of a court and
colony in miniature. The children, we suppose,
would be as tired as herself of the long white bay
and the huddled crowd of sand hills, with here
and there a peak of basalt, or a cliff with staring
expanses of lava. There was nothing to be seen
on the island, except the new sugar mills and the
vineyards where the vines were pegged down a
few inches from the ground. You might see
rabbits in multitudes among the sand hills, and
there were armies of rats and lizards to feed upon
the grapes. The former pest, indeed, had nearly
destroyed the colony when it was first estab-
lished. Perestrello himself had turned out a lit-
ter of tame rabbits, and the rash experiment had
resulted in a total destruction of the crops.
Nothing seemed to thrive there except dragon
trees, and even these had become scarce. It was
said that there had been thousands of them when
the island was first discovered; and Philippa’s
father had hoped to become rich by selling the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 93
gum, which some people called “cinnabar†from
its red color, and others “dragon's bloodâ€; and
there was a story about an Eastern gum of the
same nature being drawn from the blood of an
Indian serpent. The fruit was used in fattening
pigs; it looked like a yellow cherry, but was
rather bitter in taste. Only a few of the trees
were left. There had been some with trunks
large enough to make a boat for six or seven
men; but they had been cut down for all kinds
of uses, whenever a man wanted “wood for a
shield, or a bushel for his corn.â€
When the marriage took place the young
couple went to live with Donna Isabel. Colum-
bus set to work in earnest at map-making, and
his wife soon found that she was able to do a
great deal in assisting her husband. Her mother
became a close ally, and encouraged her son-in-
law to persevere in the path which his courage
had marked out. The widowed lady was fond of
talking about her husband as “‘a great seafaring
man,†and she knew all about the compact of the
three captains that had led to the settlement of
Madeira. Everyone had heard of Tristram Vaz,
who ruled the province of Machico, and of old
Zarco, called “Camara dos Lobos,†who till within
94 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
a few months past had been carried out. every
morning at Funchal into the sunshine, “to hear
complaints and to administer justice.â€
Madeira was said to rank next to Britain as “a
princess of the islands in the ocean.†Whatever
can be known about its ancient history is of
some importance still, because the finding of each
stepping-stone in the Atlantic had a bearing
upon the discovery of America. Madeira and
her twin colony are thought to have been the
“purple islands†described by King Juba, the
country where the great Sertorius had longed to
dwell, ‘‘far from the noise of war and free from
the troubles of government.†Here was the land
where the Spaniards in old times had placed the
fabled gardens of Alcinous, where the fruit never
fades nor perishes, ‘‘but pear upon pear waxes
old, and apple upon apple.†It might be worth
while to go back to one ancient authority, and to
investigate the obscure question whether Ma-
deira was not the subject of one of the enigmati-
cal descriptions in the cosmography of A®thicus.
The matter would, at any rate, have a bearing on
Humboldt’s strange theory that the dragon trees
in the Atlantic islands were introduced by mer-
chants from India. This cosmography, as the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 95
work now stands, professes to be the abstract, by
a priest named Hieronymus, of a philosopher's
travels between Thule and the Earthly Paradise.
It is based in fact on the romantic “Life of Apol-
lonius,†compiled in the reign of Nero; but it
is plain that its later editor intended to assume
the name and authority of St. Jerome. The aid
of ZEthicus was commonly invoked when the
marvels of geography ran short. Roger Bacon
was blamed for drawing from this source; and its
influence may be easily traced in the book of
Mandeville and the writings of Olaus Magnus.
The philosopher is represented as coming from
the East to an island in the temperate zone, the
last place reached before he arrived at Cadiz.
He was wrecked upon an uninhabited island;
and some parts of its description are appropriate
to Madeira. We read of an abundance of tama-
risks, and of trees with bark and fruit as bitter as
aloes. On the shore, the traveler found shoals
of little creatures “quilled like porcupinesâ€; and
he met with a ‘‘multitude of sirens.†He seems
to have been referring to the sea-urchins that are
seen in great numbers on some parts of the coast
of Madeira; and his “sirens†remind us strongly
of the monk seals, or sea wolves, afterward found
96 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
in the same neighborhood, near the cave called
the “Camara dos Lobos.†When the Portuguese
explorers first came to this spot, they reached a
recess where a troop of these seals ran down into
the sea. Zarco himself took a title from the
adventure, and became Count Camara dos Lobos,
with a new coat of arms and two sea wolves for
its supporters. The description by A
cluded with his account of the ascent of a great
mountain by steps and galleries, “‘along the
southern side of a chasm with terrible shelves
and cragsâ€; and this might almost be taken asa
reminiscence of the precipices of the Grand
Coural.
Coming now to the medieval period, it should
be noted that explorers from Normandy, from
Catalonia, and from Genoa had, in fact, long pre-
ceded the Portuguese in many of their African
discoveries. Madeira itself, under a name of
equivalent meaning, and Porto Santo, under the
name which it still bears, and even the desert
rocks in that neighborhood, had been inscribed
about the year 1351 in the Italian and Catalan
maps. The expedition of Bethencourt, with a
fleet from Normandy, to take possession of the
Canaries, made it certain that the two islands to
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 97
the northward would soon become generally
known. Long lost, and then found for a time
and lost again, they were finally added to the
civilized world by Perestrello and his two com-
panions.
According to his widow’s simple story, he had
set out to discover new countries with his com-
rades Joam Zarco and Tristram Vaz, and they
had agreed among themselves to cast lots for
the first choice of all that they might find. On
reaching the islands, which, in Donna Isabel’s
opinion, had never before been discovered, they
divided the larger country into the provinces of
Machico and Funchal, which fell to her husband’s
comrades. ‘‘Porto Santo,†she said, “was Peres-
trello’s share, and he held the government till he
died.â€
The discovery was in reality a result of the
attempts to pass Cape Bojador and to reach the
rich coast of Senegambia. Prince Henry the
Navigator had for many years been trying to
open a new passage to the East. He knew all
the ancient traditions of Phcenicians sailing round
Lybia, and of the fleets of Carthage pushing into
the torrid zone, and how Eudoxus had sailed for
India from Cadiz “with doctors and workmen
98 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
and dancing girls.†But the Portuguese sailors
were discouraged by constant failure, and feared
to pass a barrier from which there might be no
returning.
A determined attempt was made in 1419 by
Zarco, then a young follower of Prince Henry,
who had already distinguished himself at the
siege of Ceuta. He failed to pass Cape Boja-
dor, and was tossed about for many days in a
storm, until at last he saw the basaltic peaks of
Porto Santo, and anchored in its long sandy bay.
Next year an expedition was sent to look out
for the island and to explore the seas in its
neighborhood. This seems to be the joint
- undertaking described by Donna Isabel to Colum-
bus as that in which her husband was engaged.
Their old pilot, who had been a captive among
the Moors, had heard something about Madeira
from certain English galley-slaves. These men
had, according to their own story, been driven
there in 1347, when the unfortunate Robert
Machin fled from England with the rich Anne
d’Urfey, and they had been obliged to leave the
lovers to die on the shore of the Gulf of Cedars.
The old tradition was confirmed by the appear-
ance on the horizon of a black cloud that never
t
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 99
changed its outline. But the sailers were reluc-
tant to cross the stretch of open water. Some
feared that the cloud was the covering of a pit of
fire. Others admitted that it might be Cipango,
or the long-lost Land of the Seven Cities. The
pilot, on the other hand, maintained that what
they saw was a rain cloud attracted by the forests
inarange of mountains. The opposition to his
argument reminds us of the difficulties encoun-
tered by Columbus. “This pilot,†they said, ‘‘is
a foreigner from Castile, and he is only too anx-
ious to injure us Portugueseâ€; and they thought
it quite enough to be prepared to fight with men,
without entering on a contest with the forces of
nature. Zarco, as one of the crew remarked,
“‘had enough courage for all,’ and he set out one
morning to find the shadow on the sea. A thick
fog came on, and there was a terrible noise of
breakers; as they passed the Desertas, where a
tall rock loomed like a ship, the sailors cried out
that an armed giant was rising from the waves.
When they got near Madeira the cloud began to
roll up, and they saw red cliffs and the low black
promontory of San Lorenzo, and a broad forest
with trees crowding to the water’s edge and fill-
the glens and ravines. .
1006 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
No regular attempt was made to erect a colony
at Porto Santo till the year 1425, and even then
it had to be abandoned for a time owing to the
destruction caused by the rabbits. The colony
was finally established in 1446, when it had been
determined to use Madeira and Porto Santo as
sugar islands.
“The admiral,†says his son, “was much de-
lighted to hear such voyages and relations,†and
was particularly interested in learning about the
later discoveries in Senegambia and the seas
beyond Cape Verde. Donna Isabel brought out
from her family treasures her husband’s box of pa-
pers, with all his old sea charts and memoranda,
and a description of what he found at Porto
Santo; and we are told that by this “the admiral
was still more inflamed.Չۉ۪ We know something
of the contents of these papers from Cadamosto’s
account of a visit paid by him to Perestrello
about the year 1445. The most valauble produc-
tion of the island at that time was the lichen
called the ‘‘archil,†or orchilla weed. Of this
there were two kinds, the darker and better sort
being found inland, and the lighter kind on rocks
by the sea. The plant is thought to have been
the source of the “Geetulian purple†of the an-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. ior
cients. It produces a lilac dye, but it is gener-
ally- used as a mordant for brightening other
colors. It it said that, when the Canaries were
first occupied, this orchilla weed was collected as
eagerly as the American gold was afterward gath- -
ered by the Spaniards. Porto Santo has a good
soil for corn in the calcareous strata which rise
above the sand drifts; but a great part of the
island remained useless until the new industries
of wine-making and sugar-boiling were intro-
duced by Prince Henry. He brought a stock of
canes from Sicily, and plants of the Malmsey
vine from Candia; and the trade thus started
almost at once attained to a surprising prosper-
ity. Madeira became a special center of the
sugar trade. As soon as this took place the
sugars of Sicily and the Levant fell to a very low
price; and, according to the Venetian archives,
it was not long before “there arrived annually at
Venice five or six ships freighted with Madeira
sugar,†with a cargo in some cases of five hun-
dred butts at atime. Sugar was also produced
to a large extent in the Canary Islands. Scilla-
cio mentions the supplies of sugar which Colum-
bus purchased at the Grand Canary on starting
for the second voyage. It was of excellent qual-
102 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ity: “This is the sugar that used to come from
Arabia and India, taken like gum from the
canes; it is very white and brittle, and some peo-
ple say that it is the Indian salt of the physi-
cians.†Columbus mentions the subject in his
Memoranda of 1494, where he remarks: “It will
be very useful to get from Madeira fifty pipes of
molasses, which is the best and wholesomest food
in the world; a pipe usually costs two ducats,
besides the cost of the butt, and if their High-
nesses would order one of the caravels to return
by way of Madeira she might buy the molasses,
and also take in ten butts of sugar, of which we
are in great need.â€
There are other passages in the admiral’s jour-
nal that seem to refer to the papers which he
studied with his wife and her mother at Lisbon.
He remarks, for instance, in his journal for De-
cember, 1492, that he knew how the Portuguese
had owed their discoveries to observing the flight
of birds; and this was his reason for his memora-
ble turn toward the southwest, so as to follow
the birds returning home at sunset. Everyone
knows the picturesque notices throughout the
first voyage on the flight of the sea swallows, the
boobies, and the tropic birds, and the supposed
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 103
distances at which each species might be found
away from land. He seems to have had a great
store of notes upon the habits of animals.
When they met with a sperm whale on the same
voyage, the admiral said that these creatures
always stayed near land; and the little swimming
crab found upon the gulf weed could not, it was
thought, be more than “thirty leagues from
home.†The approach to San Salvador itself
was heralded by the appearance of a great green
fish, ‘‘of the sort that goes not far from the
rocks.†Soon after starting for home the ad-
miral announced the neighborhood of new
islands on seeing a fish swim round the ship and
suddenly dart toward the southwest; and only a
few hours before that, he had said, of a passing
shoal of tunnies, that they appeared to be mak-
ing straight for a certain nobleman’s fishery in
Spain.
We do not suppose that Columbus attached
undue importance to the calculations and memo-
randa, the scraps of navigation and weather wis-
dom, which Perestrello’s widow had preserved.
But, as Don Ferdinand said, “however it was, as
one thing leads to another, he began to think
that, as the Portuguese traveled so far to the
104 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
south, it were no less proper to sail away to the
westâ€; and for greater certainty he took to look-
ing over the cosmographers again, and to seek
for astronomical reasons in support of his view.
His own papers show that he now proceeded to
collect all available information, especially from
the reports of sailors, to justify the conclusion
that there were many lands west of the Canaries,
and “‘by such mean arguments to support so vast
an undertaking.â€
By this time Philippa’s brother had grown up,
and was ready to assume the captaincy of Porto
Santo. He had served in an African campaign,
and had shown some capacity of government.
Accordingly in the month of March, 1473, the
temporary appointment of Pedro Correa came to
an end, and the young Bartholomew was made
head of the colony, with all the profits of salt
dues, mill tolls, monopolies and privileges which
his father and uncle had enjoyed.
Pedro Correa, with his wife Iseult, who called
herself “Hizeu Perestrella,’ soon afterward re-
turned to Lisbon, and made acquaintance with
their new brother-in-law. Correa had much to
say about the signs of new land in the west.
Porto Santo lies within the influence of that
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 105
returning current of the Gulf Stream, which
sweeps downward past the Azores and brings
flotsam from tropical America to the western
coasts of Europe. A pilot named Martin Vin- |
cente had been more than four hundred leagues
out from Cape St. Vincent, and had found a
piece of floating wood, curiously carved, but
apparently not cut with any tool of metal, “and,
the wind having been long in the west, he
thought it must have come from some island out
that way.†This story was fully confirmed by
Correa, who declared that he had seen another
piece of wood of the same kind brought by west-
erly winds to Porto Santo. Nay, more, he had
found great canes afloat, ‘and they were so big
that every joint would hold a gallon of wine.â€
If this were doubted, the canes might be seen at
Lisbon at that very time, for they had been sent
to the king as a curiosity. On inquiry being
made, the statement was found to be quite true.
The king himself showed Columbus the canes,
“and there being no place in our parts where
such things grow, he looked upon it as certain
that the wind had brought them from some
island, or perhaps from. India.â€
These things seem to have had a great influ-
106 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ence on Columbus. What discoveries might not
be made if they were all living at Porto Santo,
especially as his young brother-in-law was the
new governor, and his wife the owner of a plan-
tation! Why should they not go back to Donna
Isabel’s old home, set as it were in the busy
track of commerce, and on the direct line to the
new African conquests? The plan was sensible,
and was easily carried out. Columbus and his
wife set up their home for some years in the
island, and here their son Diego was born.
Porto Santo was a place of call for merchants,
where maps and charts might easily be sold; and
it was a convenient center from which Columbus
could start on his yearly voyages, to the Medi-
terranean or the Azores, or the North Sea, as the
case might be, while his wife remained at home
to look after their little estate.
CHAPTER VII.
« And all the place is peopled with sweet airs :
The light, clear element which the isle wears
Is heavy with the scent of lemon-flowers,
Which floats like mist laden with unseen showers,
And falls upon the eyelids like faint sleep ;
And from the moss violets and jonquils peep.â€
COLUMBUS was deeply interested in the tales
of Tyre and Carthage about the discovery in
ancient times of fertile islands in the ocean and
half-submerged tracts of ooze and sand. Col-
ored as they were with romance, and distorted
into many versions in their long descent, so as
hardly to be distinguishable from the fictions of
which they became the base, there was still a
great vitality in the legends of the Hesperides
and of the fruitful country of Antilla. This last,
indeed, was marked on all the maps. In Tosca-
nelli’s chart there was a space of no more than
225 leagues between Antilla, or the Land of the
Seven Cities, and Cipango, off the coast of
Cathay, where the palaces were roofed with gold.
Columbus observed that the Portuguese had
107
108 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
placed this country about two hundred leagues
west of the Azores, and that, according to their
belief, seven bishops had gone with a crowd of fol-
lowers, when Spain was conquered by the Moors,
and had each of them built a city; and so he
hoped that, before he came to India, he should
find “some well placed island or continent, from
whence he might the better pursue his main
design.â€
The older forms of the tradition were accepted
on the authority of the “Book of Wonders,†at
that time attributed to Aristotle, and of a long
and flowery description contained in the collec-
tions of Diodorus. It is probable that the whole
story arose out of the voyages of Hanno and
Himilco ‘‘in the flourishing times of Carthage,â€
when one of their two fleets went southward to
the neighborhood of Sierra Leone, and the other
was blown about in the Atlantic till they came
to the region of floating weed, to which Colum-
bus afterward gave the name of the Sargasso Sea.
They reached a place “where the waters seemed
so shallow that the weeds lay in masses on the
waves, and their keels were impeded as if passing
through a thicket of underwoodâ€; and the sea
beasts, we are told, went up and down upon the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 109
banks, and swam round the ships as they slowly
‘drifted along. Here we seem to have the begin-
nings of the myth of Atlantis and the prototype
of Lucian’s imaginary voyage “through pines and
cypresses growing in the sea’; and perhaps we
might attribute to the same source the story in
Pliny of a great tree in the Atlantic, with crowds
of tunnies feeding like sea hogs on its acorns.
In the collection of stories which was wrongly
ascribed to Aristotle, we read of certain banks in
the ocean where the sailors of Cadiz got the fish
for the markets of Carthage. ‘Men say that
they sail out from the Straits for four days with
an east wind, and come on a desert full of rushes
and seaweed, and they land and find a great
number of tunnies of wonderful size and fatness.â€
Then follows a variation of the story, to the
effect that the Carthaginians had sailed out into
the Atlantic and discovered a most fruitful
island: ‘““Men say that in the sea beyond the Pil-
lars of Hercules the Carthaginians found an unin-
habited island, with woods of all kinds, and nav-
igable rivers, and a wonderful abundance of
produce; it lay at a distance of several days’
sail from land. Many expeditions were made to
it, and some of the Carthaginians even settled
IIo THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
there; but the Senate made a decree, forbidding
any more visits on pain of death, and the settlers
were all killed, for fear of their spreading the
news, lest a great population might gather there,
and by chance get the upper hand and destroy
the prosperity of the city.â€
Yet another account of the matter was pre-
served by Diodorus Siculus, which does not, how-
ever, appear to have been known to Columbus at
the time when he was collecting his information.
This version is so ornate that it seems to have
been taken from some romance. The details
about a great population and an abundance of
animals of the chase must be due to the imagina-
tion of a novelist, who may be supposed to have
added such embroidery as might please the fancy
of his readers.
Diodorus described the country as being
thickly inhabited, and attributed the discovery
rather to the Phoenicians of Tyre than to their
Carthaginian kindred: “Over against Africa lies
avery great island in the vast ocean, of many
days’ sail from Lybia. The soil here is very
fruitful. A great part of it is mountainous, but
much likewise is champaign, and this is the most
sweet and pleasant part of all, for it is watered
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. IIt
with several navigable rivers, beautified with
many gardens of pleasure, planted with divers
sorts of trees and abundance of orchards, and
interlaced with currents of sweet water. The
towns are adorned with stately buildings, and
banqueting houses up and down, pleasantly sit-
uated in their gardens and orchards; and here
they recreate themselves in summer time, as in
places accommodated for pleasure and delight.
The mountainous part of the country is clothed
with large oak woods and all manner of fruit
trees, and for the greater diversion of people in
these mountains they ever and anon open them-
selves into pleasant vales, watered with fountains
and refreshing springs. There you may have
' game enough in hunting all sorts of wild beasts,
of which there is such plenty that in their feasts
there is nothing wanting either as to pomp or
delight. Now this country,†he says, “by reason
of its remote situation was at one time altogether
unknown, but was afterward discovered in this
way; the Phoenicians in ancient times undertook
frequent voyages by sea in way of traffic as mer-
chants, so that they planted many colonies both
in Africa and in these western parts of Europe.
The Phcenicians having found out the coasts
L12 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
beyond the Pillars, and sailing along by the shore
of Africa, were driven by a furious storm afar off -
into the main ocean, and after they had lain
under this violent tempest for many days they at
length arrived at this island, and so coming to
the knowledge of the nature and pleasantness of
the isle they were the first that discovered it to
others; and therefore the Etrurians (when they
were masters at sea) designed to send a colony
thither, but the Carthaginians opposed them,
fearing lest most of their own citizens should be
allured to settle there, and likewise intending to
. keep it as a.place of refuge for themselves, in
case of any sudden and unexpected blasts of
fortune.â€
The African voyage of Hanno was of great his-
torical importance. The details were recorded
in a tablet suspended in a temple, and were also
preserved by chance in a Greek version which
survived the destruction of Carthage. His fleet
coasted round Morocco, and passed Cape Bo-
jador; and the trading station or mart of Kerne
was established either in the Isle of Arguin or,
more probably, at the mouth of the Rio del
Ouro. From this station two separate expedi-
tions appear to have set out. The first set of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 113
explorers reached the Senegal, which they called
Bambothus, or the River of the Behemoths, from
the abundance of crocodiles and hippopotami;
and they afterward pushed southward along the
flat coast till they reached the green heights of
Cape Verde. The leaders of the second expedi-
tion went far beyond the former limit. First
they came to the Bissagos Islands, in front of a
winding gulf. They called this gulf the Horn
of Hesperus, and the islands themselves were
afterward known as the Hesperides. Then they
came to a gigantic cliff, which they named the
Chariot of the Gods; this is the cape which the
Portuguese called Sagres, in memory of Prince
Henry’s home by the ‘‘sacred promontory†of
Cape St. Vincent. Passing onward by the ridge
of Sierra Leone, where the thunder always roars,
they arrived at the ‘‘Southern Horn,†which is
now known as the Sherbro River. Here they
landed on a little island full of apes. The inter-
preters called them “‘gorillasâ€; but the Cartha-
ginians took them for negroes. “The men,â€
they said, ‘“‘escaped by climbing the cliffs, and
throwing down stones, but we caught three of
the women; they bit and scratched their keep-
ers, but we killed and flayed them.†According
ii4 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
to-Pliny and his imitators, these skins were seen
by travelers at Carthage, suspended on the walls
of the Temple of Ashtaroth.
In the course of time this story took many
different forms. When Cape Verde became
_known to the Romans it received the old name
of the Horn of Hesperus which the Carthagin-
ians had given to the Gulf of the Hesperides.
The Roman geographers were very vague about
the situation of the Fortunate Islands, although
the group was the starting-point of their first
meridian. Even Ptolemy of Alexandria can be
shown to have been in some confusion about
Madeira, the Canaries, and the Cape Verde Is-
lands, and to have treated them as if they formed
one compact archipelago. Be this as it may, some
knowledge was gained in very early times about
the Cape Verde Islands, which lie about three
hundred miles from the African shore; and these
were called the Gorgon Islands, with an evident
reference to the “wild women†of the ancient
voyage. Here was laid the scene of the Greek
legends of Perseus and the Three Gray Sisters ;
* and the Hesperides, of which all exact knowl-
edge had been lost, were moved into a sunny
climate far to the southward, where a dragon
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 115
guarded the golden tree. There was an old
romance about wars between the Gorgons and
the armies of Hesperus; and some were found to
believe in the existence of this shadowy land.
Statius Sebosus maintained that the true Hesper-
ides lay forty good days’ sail beyond Cape
Verde. Pliny considered that all the reports
upon this matter were uncertain; Solinus added
that these Hesperides were withdrawn into the
furthest recesses of the sea. The opinion of
Columbus was colored by what he hoped to
prove. “These authors say, that from the Gor-
gon Islands, supposed to be those off Cape
Verde, was forty days’ sail on the Atlantic to the
Hesperidesâ€; and the admiral concluded that
these were the West Indies. The Spaniards
afterward based another argument on the mytho-
logical tradition, contending that the former lord
of these isles was Hesperus, the King of Spain,
and that his lawful successors must therefore be
the owners of the newly found world.
After America had been discovered the contro-
versies about Antilla and the Seven Cities were
less hotly debated, and the ancient traditions
were localized at Barbadoes and among the
ruined cities of Yucatan. But it may still be
116 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
worth while to touch upon the arguments which
passed between Oviedo and Ferdinand Columbus,
on a subject which had so deeply affected the
admiral’s theories and projects. These argu-
ments turned on the exact words of the legend
as reported by the Greeks; and it may be here
observed that neither disputant was properly
equipped for the fray. Neither of them had the
original version before him. Don Ferdinand had
the Latin text of “Propositions from Aristotle,â€
published by Theophilus de Ferrariis in 1493; and
this book professed to contain an exact transla-
tion of the passages relating to Antilla, made
about the year 1477 by Antonio Becaria, a geog-
rapher living at Verona. It was clear that he
had inserted several matters differing from the
original; ‘“‘and this will appear,†said Don Fer-
dinand, ‘‘to any man that will observe it.â€
Oviedo, on the other hand, had nothing but “a
friar’s pamphlet,†as it was called, consisting of a
rough Spanish translation of the text as pub-
lished by Theophilus.
The result of the controversy was that Oviedo
maintained the identity of Antilla with one of
the West Indian islands; he gave his readers the
choice between Cuba and Hispaniola, and hoped,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 117
in either case, to fortify some mythical claim of
the Spaniards by diminishing the merits of the
discoveries of Columbus. Don Ferdinand criti-
cised somewhat too seriously the minuter details
of the story, which he pronounced to be a mere
fabrication. ‘‘In great travels there are great
lies,†he said; and if they came to lying, it would
be as easy to make out the identity of the island
with “Atalanta, that was drowned in the Pelo-
ponnesian War,†or even with the lost Atlantis
of which Plato and the Egyptians had dis-
coursed. But, granting that the fable was based
upon the events of a real voyage, it was clear
that the merchants would have had no mind to
run further than the wind obliged them to go,
and that no storm could last so long as to carry a
ship from Cadiz to Hispaniola. He derided the
idea that the Carthaginians were afraid of settle-
ments being made in the West Indies, “‘between
which and them there lay one-third of the
world.†Their merchants would never have
given up such a fine country. They would
rather have fortified the place so as to make their
trade secure. “This we know,†he adds, ‘‘from
. what they did at another time upon a like occa-
sion; for having found the Cassiterides, now
118 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
called the Azores, they kept the voyage very
private, because of the tin that they procured;
and so, granting the truth of what Aristotle
wrote, it might be said that he meant to describe
the voyages to the Azores; though Oviedo,
either for want of better understanding and from
the great antiquity of the story, or through that
affection by which men are blinded, argued that
it should be understood of the Indies which we
now possess.â€
The traditions of these Carthaginian voyages
were utilized in very early times for the purposes
of descriptive romance. There was a fashion for
stories of adventure in unknown lands, and it
was a favorite device to describe the finding of
tropical islands and anew continent in another
hemisphere. “How many writers,†said Lucian,
“have presented us with their travels, and have
told us of wondrous great beasts and savages and
new-fangled ways of living!’ It was like Odys-
seus telling the flighty Pheacians about the bags
of wind, and the cannibals, and the Cyclops, and
a thousand other falsehoods besides; and he pro-
posed to write a traveler’s tale himself in which
there should not be a single grain of truth. It is
interesting to observe how this “True Storyâ€
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 119
_teads in several respects like a parody of the
journals of Columbus. Lucian supposes himself
to have sailed from Cadiz with fifty comrades, all
anxious to explore the Ocean and to discover
new nations in the opposite continent. They
suffer many strange adventures, being swallowed
by a monstrous fish, and being whirled into the
circle of the moon. They reach the polar ice,
and dig out caverns to protect themselves from
the cold; and they find forests growing in the
sea, and skim the tree tops in a ‘woodland
voyage.†They arrived at last at the Island of
the Blessed through a land wind heavy with the
scent of roses and the blossom of the vine. The
rivers were as clear as crystal and the woods full
of singing birds, “and from the whole country
arose a mingled noise, such as may be heard at a
banquet, where there are minstrels and flute-play-
ers, and others dancing to the music of the harp
and the flute.†Seven other islands lay in sight,
and after reaching the most distant of these, as the
travelers are told, “you will come to the Great Con-
tinent which stretches over against this country,
and there shall you meet with many strange for-
tunes, and pass through many nations and new and
barbarous peoples, and so at last come home.â€
20 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
One Iambulus, too, had written a story of the
Great Sea, which was thought to be entertaining,
though everybody knew that it was untrue.
The details may be found in the collection of
Diodorus, the Sicilian. The story begins with an
expedition from the Red Sea to Ceylon; and the
wanderers pass onward to the Seven Islands, four
months’ journey to the east of India. “Here are
exceeding great serpents, which yet do no one
any harm; nay, their flesh is good meat, and
very sweet; here the people make their clothes
of a soft cotton, growing on reeds and canes, and
they color it with a shell-fish dye made up in
balls and kneaded into the stuff, and so with
_ great pains they prepare their purple garments.â€
The writer was guessing at the possibility of
the task which Columbus performed. The singu-
larity of this anticipation of his ideas occurred at
once to the admiral’s contemporaries; and when
Scillacio was comparing the account of the Sec-
ond Voyage to the discoveries of Hanno in
Africa, he remarked that it was truer indeed than
Lucian’s tale, though perhaps as full of trifles as
the story told by the Sicilian.
CHAPTER VIII.
“From the destined walls
Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,
And Samarcand by Oxus, Temir’s throne.
On Europe thence, and where Rome was to sway
The world; in spirit perhaps he also saw
Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume,
And Cusco in Peru, the richer seat
Of Atabalipa, and yet unspoiled
Guiana, whose great city Geryon’s sons
Call El Dorado.â€
IT was one of the chief problems of geography
to fix the position of Thule. It was agreed that
the island was one of the principal points by
which the length and breadth of the world might
be determined. Thule was regarded as the most
northern of all habitable lands, but there had
been disputes about its exact situation ever since
the first Greek travelers had explored the north-
ern seas. One ancient school of thinkers, eager
to enlarge the world’s boundaries, had set Thule
far up within the Arctic Circle, and had spread
out the limits of Asia more and more toward the
east. Others, of a more timid kind, had brought
121
122 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Thule close down to Scotland, and at the same
time had reduced the length of the inhabited
land area in what they thought to be a due pro-
portion. Thule in the north was balanced by a
“‘world’s end†in the south, at a cape not far
from the Red Sea’s mouth, in the region of
cloves and cinnamon; and a line drawn between
these latitudes gave the measure of the breadth
of the world. :
It was believed that, by virtue of some natural
law of proportion, the world’s length was some-
what more than twice its breadth. Some of the
geographers asserted that the inhabited earth
was shaped like an open sling, and they meant,
apparently, that it was of a long, oval shape,
drawn out to a point at each end. India and
Spain formed its extremities, and the broader
part was made up of the three continents, joined
together at certain points, though nearly sepa-
rated from each other by the gulfs running in
from the ocean.
In Ptolemy’s system of geography the figure
was changed. The world was said to be some-
thing like a soldier’s cape spread out; and the
map has somewhat of that appearance, as if the
cloak were cut away for the neck, and were nar-
| THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 123
row at top and spreading out below, so as to take
the breadth of the shoulders. This has always
been a favorite method of comparison. We all
speak of the boot shape of Italy and compare the
Morea to a mulberry leaf. The ancients used
~ to say that Spain was like a bullock’s hide with
the neck at the Pyrenees. Britain was compared
to the long, narrow blade of a battle-ax; Scandi-
navia was like a cedar leaf floating on the sea;
and Columbus followed the same fashion when
he compared Hispaniola to the leaf of the
chestnut.
When Thule was discovered, an extra breadth
of about one thousand miles was added north-
ward, with a corresponding addition of breadth
toward the equator. It was therefore necessary,
according to the rule already mentioned, to add
more than four thousand miles to the length of
the world from east to west. Taking a line
through Athens and Cadiz, the geographers of
Alexandria computed the earth’s circumference
‘at about twenty thousand miles. Eratosthenes
covered the whole of this unknown space with
the Atlantic Ocean; and he drew the bold deduc-
tion, on which Columbus acted in a later age,
that ‘‘if the size of the Atlantic were not of itself
124 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
an obstacle we might easily cross by sea from
Spain to India, keeping always on the same
parallel of latitude.†Posidonius, on the other
hand, divided the globe into four quarters. In
one he placed the inhabited portion of the earth
as known to the geographers; and he conject-
ured that there might be another tract of the
same kind on the other side of the northern
hemisphere. Below the burning zone of the
equator there might in the same way be worlds
inhabited by the nations of the Antipodes.
Some of his followers added that we could not
cross over to our neighbors in the temperate
zone, “because the Atlantic is not passable by
ships, and is haunted by monsters of the deep.â€
Strabo took a narrow view of the question. He
thought that there probably was another conti-
nent between Spain and India, though it did not
follow that the inhabitants would be like the men
of the Old World. There might be regions where
life could be supported, as far off as Thule or
beyond the equator; but, as a practical geogra-
pher, he had only to deal with the countries be-
tween the line of the spice countries in the south
and the latitude of the northern parts of Ireland,
“where the savages could hardly live for the cold,â€
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 125
Columbus adopted the ancient opinion that
the Atlantic covered the whole space between
the east of Asia and the west of Europe, while
claiming the benefit of the suggestion that at
least land of some kind would be found by pass-
ing the ocean. He cited the authority of Aris-
totle, on the one hand, for the belief in a continu-
ous tract of waters; and,on the other hand, he
laid stress on Seneca’s acceptance of the theory
of the earlier Stoics. He quoted that passage in
Seneca’s “Medea,†where the chorus sang ‘“‘how
Oceanus will loosen Nature’s chains and allow a
vast region to appear; the sea goddess will draw
aside the veil from another world, and Thule no
longer will be the last.of lands.†He quoted
another fine passage from the same writer’s “Phys-
’
ical Problems.†‘This world in which you make
your voyages and lay out your kingdoms is
but a point in Nature, if you add all the gulfs of
ocean that run in on either side. The host
marching out under your banners, with all the
cavalry scouring ahead or gathered on the flanks,
is but an army of ants running to and fro upon
the ant hill. But above us are the vast spaces of
the firmament into which a man’s soul may enter
and take possession. Then will he despise the
126 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
narrowness of his ancient dwelling. For what is
the space that lies between the Indies and the
furthest shores of Spain? Nothing but a very
few days’ journey, if the ship were favored by
the wind. But in that celestial region there
spreads a road whereon for thirty years at a time,
never halting, never ceasing, the swiftest star
may travel.â€
The position assumed for Thule in Ptolemy’s
maps was perhaps due to certain statements of
Tacitus. He had described a broad ocean
stream in which were set the British and Scandi-
navian islands. Beyond lay an outer sea, so
sluggish as to be nearly without movement;
“and this,†he says, “men take to be the girdle
and frontier of the world, because there the
brightness of the setting sun lasts till his rising,
so as to make the starlight pale.†He tells us
that, when the fleet of Claudius subdued the
Orkneys, the crews caught a glimpse of Thule,
till then encompassed and hidden with driving
snow, and that, as they passed on, the waters
became sluggish and heavy against the oar, and
were not even raised by the wind like the waves
in other seas. In his speculations about the
source of the tide-washed amber he hazards an-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 127
other theory as to the existence of new lands in
the West. The glittering shapes of winged and
creeping things, imprisoned in the gum, were an
indication that the mass had formerly been
liquid; and he supposed that “as in the remote
places of the East, where the shrubs bleed balm
‘and frankincense, so in the islands and countries
of the West there may be fertile groves, where
the gums exude in the rays of the sun, that sets
so near to those parts, and so may flow down to
the sea close by and be carried off by the waves
to the opposite German shores.â€
Marinus of Tyre, an authority often quoted by
Columbus, made an important attempt to reset-
tle the boundaries of the world. He lived about
the beginning of the age of the Antonines, not
long before Ptolemy of Alexandria. His method
was novel, and in some ways even fascinating.
He abandoned mathematics as much as possible,
and constructed a new map out of narratives of
voyages and military expeditions. One of his
most important innovations was his placing the
first meridian on the line of the Canary Islands
instead of near Cape St. Vincent; it is to this
change that Columbus referred when he noted
that “Marinus began his discoveries from the
128 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
westward.â€â€™ Marinus also undertook a new de-
scription of Africa. Two expeditions of the
Roman armies, recorded by him alone, had car-
ried the line of the world’s known breadth toa
point far beyond the equator. Septimius Flac-
cus advanced from the oasis behind Tripoli for a
three months’ journey southward. Julius Ma-
ternus started from the same oasis, and went on
for four months to a region where the rhinoceros
most abounded. On the east coast he described
the voyage of Diogenes down to a cape “near the
lakes from which the Nile flows out,†and the
return journey of one Theophilus who got back
to Cape Guardafui in twenty days, sailing at the
rate of a hundred miles a day.
When we come to his map of Asia we find
some very surprising results. There is a carved
-rock or Stone Tower in the highlands of Pamir,
now called King Solomon’s Throne; and here
the Chinese silk merchants used to meet the trad-
ers from Samarcand and Bokhara. An itinerary
compiled by one Titianus described the whole
route from the Euphrates to the interior of
China; and seven months were allowed for the
silk merchants to return home from the markets
held at the Stone Tower. Marinus considered
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 129
that rio less than a length of 3600 miles should be
attributed to this part of the journey. Another
estimate of the length of Asia was afforded by
the voyage of Nearchus, who had taken four
months to sail from the Indus to the Persian
Gulf. More modern travelers had given very
exaggerated accounts of the distance from the
Ganges to the Golden Chersonese. A merchant
named Alexander had said that one might go
from the Straits of Malacca for twenty days east-
ward to the city of Zabre, and then on again for
many days to the mart of Cattigara, a place
which some have placed in Borneo and others in
the neighborhood of Hongkong. But even here,
thousands of miles beyond the Ganges, as he
thought, Marinus found no limit, and was forced
to leave some parts of the Indies still unde-
scribed.
The result was that he doubled the old esti-
mates of the world’s length, and made the land
area cover about two-thirds of the world’s whole
circle, or fifteen out of the twenty-four hours, if
we adopt the measurement by time. Columbus
felt justified, therefore, in believing that the
space between the easternmost point known to
Marinus and the Cape Verde Islands “could not
t3c THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
be more than a third part of the whole circumfer-
ence of the globe.†As Marinus had not come
to the end of the east, one might allow for the
land stretching out still further; and the more it
advanced to the east the nearer it would be to
us in the west. If the space between were sea,
it might be crossed in a few days; if it were
mostly land, it would be all the easier to reach it.
There was, besides, the authority of the Greeks
quoted by Pliny, who all thought that the Indies
covered a third part of the earth; ‘and if
India be so large, it must be near Spain, if we
take the western route.â€
The exaggerations of Marinus were, to some
extent, corrected by Ptolemy; but the space left
uncovered in the map was still very much too
small. For one thing these ancient geographers
measured by very small degrees, so that there
was a loss of quite one-fifth in the estimate of
the earth’s circumference. Columbus himself
went by the calculations of Alfragan, an Arabian
geographer, who took the length of a mean de-
gree of the meridian at fifty-six and two-thirds
Italian miles. This still further reduced the esti-
mate of the earth’s circuit; and the result in
short was this, that if Marinus was right about
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 13t
India and Alfragan correct in his measurement,
there would be no room for any very wide ocean
on the route which Columbus was to explore.
Ptolemy placed in the northern limit of the
world at “Thule,†by which it is clear that he
meant the largest of the Shetland Isles. The
earlier Greek travelers had found their ‘‘world’s
end†on the verge of the Arctic Circle; they
approached the region of the midnight sun, and
described the swift passing of the northern night.
“In some places,†they said, “the night was three
hours long, in some only two hours, and at last
the sun would rise almost as soon as he had set.â€
The northern parts of Scandinavia were after-
ward connected with these descriptions. On the
death of “Amaricus†the King of the Heruli, his
followers sent to Thule for another offspring of
the royal line; and the Byzantine historian has
recounted the incidents of the long journey, and
the strange customs of the “men of Thule.â€
The medieval writers were in favor of identify-
ing Thule with Iceland, and this theory had been
adopted in many quarters even before the time
of Adam of Bremen. The first to start the opin-
ion seems to have been the Monk Dicuil, an
Irishman, who in the year 825 wrote a treatise on
32 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the measurement of the earth. He said that
about thirty years previously certain Irish clerks
had told him of their discovery of Iceland, which
he took to be the Thule of the ancients, though
in his time it was unnamed and uncolonized.
The discoverers were some of the missionaries
to the Faroe Islands, who had been expelled by
the heathen Northmen. They had first landed
on the rocky islets which after took their names
from bells and books that were left there by the
“Pope’s men.†Then they had occupied the.
outlying Westmann Isles, which were named in
like manner from this visit of the men who lived
west of Norway. Finally they landed in Iceland
itself, and reached the north coast about the be-
ginning of February. At this time of year the
darkness was almost continuous. At midsummer
they had no night at all; “the sun only disap-
peared fora few minutes at midnight, as if he
were passing behind a little hill.’ They noted
that the sea was not frozen near the shore, but
that at one day’s journey from the north coast
they had come upon an icy sea. This may have
been the drift ice, or it may have been the sludge
and spongy ice like that which the barbarians
described to Pytheas on his voyage from Mar-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 133
seilles: ‘‘After one day’s sail beyond Thule men
come to a sluggish sea, where there is no separa-
tion of air, land, and water, but only a mixture of
elements like the stuff of a jelly fish, through
which one can neither walk nor sail.â€
Columbus was satisfied that the world’s north-
ern limit had been discovered. He could calcu-
late the measurements of the globe between the
equator and the Arctic Circle. It only remained
to find out the length of the circumference from
the beginning of India on the east to the end of
Africa on the west.
The results of the old theories on this point
had been stored in the works of Roger Bacon,
and they were again brought to light by Pierre
d’Ailly in his essay on the “Image of the World.â€
Something more was to be learned from other
medieval authorities. Capitolinus had been of
opinion that “Spain and India are neighbors
westward.†Marco Polo had been further east
than any place of which Marinus had heard. It
was clear that in the course of his travels he had
touched the further shore of the ocean. It must
be possible to find once more the marvelous city
of waters, where Kubla Khan had reared his
palaces, and the harbors where the Tartar fleets
134 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
were equipped to attack the rich island of “Cipan-
go,†or Japan.
“These and the like authorities,†says the
‘biographer, “‘led the admiral to think that the
opinion he had conceived was right.†In pro-
jecting the actual voyage of discovery he was
encouraged by the help and sympathy of another
great scholar. Paolo Toscanelli of Florence was
a cosmographer of the highest renown. While
Columbus was on a visit to Lisbon, about the end
of the year 1474, he heard that Toscanelli had
lately been in correspondence with Fernando
Martinez, a canon of Lisbon, who was inquiring,
on behalf of the Portuguese, about “the short
way from Lisbon to the Indies.’ Columbus
knew that his friend Girardi was about to return
to Italy, and he ventured to send a letter by him
to Toscanelli asking for information on his own
account, “sending him a small sphere, and ac-
quainting him with the nature of his design.â€
Toscanelli’s answer was prompt and favorable.
He praised ‘‘the noble and earnest desire†which
appeared in the request of Columbus, and in-
closed a copy of the letter sent to Martinez and
of the chart prepared for the King of Portugal.
This chart showed India and a multitude of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 135
islands, and “a most noble country called Zac-
ton,†where every year a hundred large ships
were loaded with pepper alone. ‘This country,â€
it was said, ‘‘is mighty populous, and there are
many provinces and kingdoms, and innumerable
cities under the dominion of a prince called the
Great Cham, who resides for the most part in the
province of Cathay.†More than two centuries
had passed since the predecessors of this em-
peror had endeavored to communicate with Rome.
But quite lately, in the pontificate of Eugenius
the Fourth, an ambassador had actually arrived,
and had told the Pope of the friendship that ex-
isted between his master’s subjects and the east-
ern Christians. ‘‘I discoursed with him a long
while,†says Toscanelli, ‘about the grandeur of
their royal buildings, and upon the greatness of
their rivers; he told me many wonderful things
about the multitude of cities along these rivers, and
that there were two hundred cities on one river
alone, with marble bridges over it of great length
and breadth, adorned with abundance of pillars.
This country deserves to be visited as much as
any other; and there may be great profit made
there, and gold and silver found, with all sorts of
precious stones, and spices in abundance, which
136 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS,
are not now brought into our parts.†The chart
was divided into “spaces,†each representing a
length of 250 miles. A line due west from Lis-
bon, covering twenty-six of these “spaces,â€
reached the ‘‘noble vast city of Quinsay.’â€â€™ This
was the capital of that part of Southern China in
which the Emperor was believed to reside. The
island of Antilla was shown on a higher parallel,
opposite to the island of ‘‘Cipango,†or Japan;
and between these points there was a distance of
no more than ten spaces, or 2500 miles.
Toscanelli soon afterward wrote again to Colum-
bus, in answer apparently to a demand for further
explanations: ‘‘I received your letter with the
things that you sent me, which I take as a great
favor. .... Iam glad that the chart is well un-
derstood, and that the voyage laid down is not
only possible, but true, certain, honorable, very
advantageous, and most glorious among all Chris-
tians.†He repeats that the discovery can only
be made by having regard to the wise men who
have come to Rome from those parts, and from
the merchants who have traded in the East.
“When the voyage is performed it will be to
powerful kingdoms and to most noble cities and
provinces, rich in all things of which we stand in
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 137
need, particularly in all sorts of spice and in a
store of jewels.’â€â€ He ends by showing the ad-
vantages that will result from opening communi-
cations with the learned men of those distant
countries; ‘‘for which reasons, and many more
that might be alleged, I do not at all wonder that
you, who have a great heart, and the Portuguese
nation, which has always had notable men en-
gaged on its undertakings, are eagerly bent upon
bringing this voyage to pass.â€
CHAPTER IX.
“ Of Iceland to write is litel nede
Save of stock-fish ; yet, forsooth, indeed,
Out of Bristowe and coastés many a one
Men have practised by nedle and stone
Thitherwards within a litel while,
Within twelve yeres, and without perile
Gone and come, as men were wont of old
Of Scarborough unto the coastés cold.â€
“JT WAS sailing in February, 1477, a hundred
leagues beyond the Isle of Thule, whereof the
south part lies distant from the equator seventy-
three degrees, and not sixty-three degrees, as
some would have it; and it does not lie within
Ptolemy's westernmost meridian, but is much
further out to the westward; and to this island,
which is as large as England, the English go with
their merchandise, especially the men of Bristol.
And at the time I went the sea was not frozen,
but it rose in some places twenty-six ells high,
and then fell again as much.â€* “Moreover,†it is
* «To navigai l’anno 1477 nel mese di febbraio oltra Tile
isola, cento leghe, la cui parte australe é lontana dall’ equi-
noziale settantatré gradi, e non sessantatré, come alcuni
vogliono ; né giace dentro della linea che include l’occidente
di Tolomeo, ma é molto pit occidentale,
138
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 139
added, “it is quite true that the Thule mentioned
by Ptolemy lies just where he said that it lay;
and this is what people of our time have called
Frisland.’
The first of these statements is in the words of
Columbus himself. The note as to Frisland was
added by Don Ferdinand. They were one day
reading and discussing an essay on the five zones,
in which the younger man sought to prove by the
experience of travelers that some part at least of
each zone was fit for the habitation of man. “Ay,
ay!†said his father, “and I am a good witness to
prove it. I have been in the King of Portugal's
fortress of St. George of the Gold Mine, and that
lies right under the equator, so that it’s not so
uninhabitable as some would make out.†As to
living in the Arctic zone, he had been there him-
self in the middle of winter, a hundred sea
leagues beyond Iceland, at four miles to the
league. They were far away from the “Thuleâ€
of the ordinary maps, but he knew exactly where
he was. By his reckoning, as we have seen,
there were fifty-six and two-third miles to the
degree; and seventy-three of these degrees from
the equator just brought them to the south of
the ‘‘Thule†of the ancients; and his ship was
140 - THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
far beyond that point, right up in the Arctic
Circle.
It has been sometimes said that these remarks
of Columbus are full of geographical blunders;
but if we read his words carefully, and distin-
guish what he said from his son’s commentary,
we shall find that he knew perfectly well what he
was talking about. From what he said about
the men of Bristol it has been assumed that he
went himself to Iceland on board a Bristol ship.
We shall see later on that the English traders
were not allowed to land in Iceland at the time
of which he was speaking. But, even assuming
that a Bristol merchant had obtained the neces-
sary licenses from the Kings of England and
Denmark, we should still have to explain what
they would be doing in Iceland during the win-
ter. The whole voyage would be dreary and
unprofitable. At that time of year there was
nothing doing in the ports; the Scotch herring
fishery was not begun, there was no business to
be done at Shetland, no crowd of ships round the
Monk Rock off Faroe, and nothing but deserted
quays at the shipping center of Thorshavn. If
they were going for stock-fish to fulfill an army
contract, or to get fine cod and mackerel for the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 41
Italian market, the ship would have artived too
soon. The fishing season only began in Febru-
ary, and lasted for fully three months. The
mackerel and the cod and ling had to be dried in
the cold winds and stacked like firewood, ready
for sale at the summer fair. Nothing could be
sold except at the fairs, which few of the unruly
English were at that time allowed to attend.
There are minute descriptions of these gatherings
and of the terrible difficulty of preserving the
peace of the fair. “The traders make their prep-
arations as if they were about to engage in bat-
tle.†The Governor and his officials were there
to levy tolls and grant licenses. But it was a
wretched sight, says Olaus Magnus, to see how
the merchants fought to get the pick of the
places. There was a crowd of Hanse merchants,
who had for a long time the monopoly of trading
between Iceland and Norway; and after them
came the English and Scotch, fighting among
themselves for the first place; ‘‘but however
they might injure each other there was always
the clerk of the market waiting to take the toll,
and to punish the offenders by fine and imprison-
ment.â€
Such was the course of business at the regular
142 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
fairs, and we have no reason to suppose that any
arrangements were made for receiving traders at
any other seasons of the year. This of itself
would lead to the belief that the visit of Colum-
bus to the North Sea had nothing to do with the
intercourse between Bristol and Iceland. It is,
of course, an obvious remark that he never said a
word about being in Iceland at all. But such
eagerness has always been shown to charge him
with a furtive knowledge, and a determination to
conceal what the Icelanders knew about Amer-
ica, that it is necessary to discuss as arguments a
series of suggestions without evidence to support
them.
The remark of Columbus about the freedom of
the sea from ice ig said to be corroborated by the
Icelandic records. It is very likely that the drift
ice had not come far south in the winter of
1476-77. There is great variation in the extent
of the drift. In some years the whole coast is
open; in others the sea has been covered with
ice all round the island, “so that a man might
ride from’one cape to another, across all the
gulfs and bays.†Professor Magnussen quoted
the Icelandic Annals, for 1477, as containing a
memorandum in the native language that in
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 143
March there was no snow upon the ground.
Professor Rafn cited the same entry as relating
to the months of February and March in the
same year. The fact, we are told, “proves, by a
singular coincidence of time and place, the verac- -
’
ity of the narrative of Columbus.†There might
be some slight interest in noting that his state-
ment about the mild weather was incidentally
supported in this way; though Columbus was, of
course, only commenting on the report men-
tioned by Pliny that after one day’s journey
from Thule one came to an impassable sea. But
the form and language of the memorandum seem
to show that it referred to the Icelandic way of
reckoning, and not to the month of March in the
Roman calendar. The classical months were not
at that time used in Iceland, and are even now
regarded “only as book dates to be looked up in
the almanac.†The Icelanders’ year lasted till
the beginning of spring. After the Yule-tide
came “Thorri,†last but one of the winter
months, and “Goi†the last month, which began
on the 8th of February and ended on the 8th of
March, when the “First Month†of the new year
began. Any event taking place in the last three
weeks in February would be counted as part of
144 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the old year. When an Icelander talked of the
close of the year 1477 he was referring to a time
which we should call the spring of 1478. It
seems probable, therefore, that the remark as to
the absence of snow was intended for the begin-
ning of the year 1478, nearly a twelvemonth
after the date of the admiral’s voyage.
Professor Magnussen considered it “not alto-
gether improbable†that Columbus met the
Bishop of Skalholt at the trading-port, and in-
quired from him what the Icelanders knew of a
western continent. The Bishop was head of a
monastery at Helgafell, where there had been a
temple in ancient days, and a settlement from —
which some of the Icelanders were supposed to
have started on their western voyages; ‘‘and the
Bishop, no doubt, was thoroughly acquainted with
these narratives, which, indeed, at that period as
in later times, were generally known in Iceland.â€
It is curious to notice how the Professor grad-
ually became more and more certain that Colum-
bus arrived with the English traders and studied
the old memorials of Greenland. The English
trade, he says, must merit the attention of his-
torians, if it furnished him with the occasion of
visiting the island, ‘‘there to be informed of the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 145
historical evidence.†The next step is reached
when he remarks that accounts of the ancient
voyages “could not have escaped the ardent re-
searches of Columbus,†as he was in a land where
these discoveries were not forgotten. “If Co-
lumbus should have acquired a knowledge of the
most important of these accounts, we may the
more readily conceive his firm belief in the possi-
bility of rediscovering a western continent and -
his unwearied ‘zeal in putting his plans into exe-
cution.†The admiral is supposed to have held
conversations in Latin with the Icelandic schol-
ars and perhaps to have learned something of
other accounts, of which some may have been
destroyed and others have only come in our time
to the knowledge of the general public. In the
end he concluded that all these suppositions
might be accepted as actual facts; “the discovery
of America, so momentous in its results, may
therefore be regarded as the immediate conse-
quence of its previous discovery by the Scandi-
navians, which may thus be placed among the
most important events of former ages.â€
We shall deal separately with the story of the
voyages from Greenland, and of the total wreck
and oblivion which had come upon the distant
146 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
colony, so that even the place of it was forgot-
ten. But, before leaving the subject of the
British trade, it may be useful to note some of
the information collected by Professor Magnus-
sen upon the general subject of the intercourse
between England and Iceland. When the island
first came under the power of Norway, its trade
was at once crushed out under the stress of a
terrible monopoly. No more English linens, no
implements of husbandry, no wax for the church,
or honey for the household might be brought to
Iceland from the southward. In fact no trade at
all was to be carried on without the royal permis-
sion. The stock-fish and crates of butter were
all to be carried to Bergen for sale at the King’s
“Staple of Nordberg,†as the authorized trading
center, and ships were to-be sent in return from
Norway with a supply of the necessaries of life.
There is nothing to show that any other com-
merce was henceforth carried on until the trade
with England was renewed in the beginning of
the fifteenth century.
In 1413 an English merchant was allowed to
trade under a special license, but soon afterward
a great number of merchantmen and fishing
smacks came, uninvited, with a letter from the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 147
King of England, “requesting permission for his
subjects to trade without molestation.†Not-
withstanding all protests, within two years there
were six of our ships in a single harbor, and it is
said that the governor freigkted one of them
with a return cargo, and made the voyage in per-
son to England. Our parliamentary records
show that this led to fresh complaints and to the
issue of a proclamation in 1415 prohibiting the
men of London, Lynn, Yarmouth, and Boston,
from trading to Iceland, or fishing there “in any
other way than according to established usage.â€
The matter was of vast importance to this coun-
try, because the English armies at that time were
always fed on rations of stock-fish. The Iceland-
ers in vain petitioned for leave to trade with the
foreigners, as a matter of life and death; and
when their reasonable demands were refused, the
‘natural consequence ensued. The Englishmen,
forbidden to carry on their business, retaliated by
plundering the royal warehouses and carrying on
a private war. The trade degenerated into
smuggling, and turned afterward into mere free-
booting and brigandage. If the natives would
not sell their fish, it was taken by force. The
revenue officers were “knocked on the head,â€
148 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
and the magistrates captured and held to ran-
som. On one occasion three English crews
landed on the north coast, ‘marching in order of
battle, with colors flying and trumpets sounding,â€
and, having insulted the bishop and killed a
magistrate, returned to their ships with consider-
able booty. Another party laid three churches
in ashes, “taking away the church plate and
priestly robes, besides a great number of horned
cattle and sheep, as well as many of the inhab-
itants.â€â€ A complaint was forwarded to the Eng-
lish Parliament which summed up these griev-
ances in the following way: “There is an island
on the coast of Iceland called Westmann Isle,
which is the lawful property of the King of Nor-
way, so that no one but he has the least right to
it. This is the best place for fishing on all the
coasts, and the English have constantly made it.
their station ever since their trade commenced.
There they build houses, pitch tents, dig up the
soil, and make use of everything as if it belonged
to them, without obtaining or even seeking for
permission from the king’s officers. They have,
in fact, established themselves there by force,
and will not let fish belonging to the king or
anyone else be carried away until their own ves-
- THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 149
‘sels are loaded; in short, they act in every way
just as they please.†There was a further com-
plaint that these foreigners traded without a
license, whereas merchants from Denmark and
Norway were bound to have one and even then
could only carry their fish to Bergen, ‘‘which is
the general staple for stock-fish, as Calais is the
staple for wool.†After a great number of proc-
lamations in London and Copenhagen, a treaty
was made in 1450 whereby English subjects were
forbidden to trade with Iceland or the northern
parts of Norway, with the exception of William
Canynge, the Mayor of Bristol, who was allowed,
for special reasons, to send two ships to Iceland
in each of the two years following.
The illegal traffic appears to have soon re-
vived, and we learn that in 1453 Bjorn Thorleifs-
son, afterward Governor of Iceland, was ordered
to put it down. In 1467 an event occurred
which led to a war between England and Den-
mark. The village of Rif was much frequented
by the English from London and Hull. One
day, when Bjorn Thorleifsson came to this place,
“these traders fell upon him and killed him,
together with seven of his followers.†His wife,
the Lady Olof, escaped with a few companions,
150 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
but Thorleif Bjornsson, the governor's son, was
taken prisoner. The Englishmen seem to have
treated the lady with a shocking insolence.
When she received the mangled body of her hus-
band, which the English sent to her all in pieces,
she would not shed a tear, ‘‘but vowed to take
good care that Bjorn should not fall unrevenged.â€
When young Thorleif was ransomed, she put on
a shirt of mail, and went with him at the head of
her followers to attack the English. The for-
eigners were defeated; the crews of three of the
vessels were nearly all killed, and the rest were
carried off as prisoners. Olof left Iceland the
next year to ask the king for further vengeance,
and four ships from London and Bristol were
seized by way of reprisals. When peace was
made, in 1474, the trade with Iceland was again
forbidden, and the prohibition was renewed in
the year when Columbus started for the north.
Thorleif had been appointed governor soon after
his father’s murder, and he was holding that
office at the date of the admiral’s voyage. He
was, as will be shown later, the owner of the very
valuable manuscript in which the traditions of
the Scandinavian explorers were recorded. It
can hardly, one would suppose, be argued that a
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 1st
_ visitor arriving on a Bristol ship would be favor-
ably received by the governor or any of the lead-
ing officials, or that the literary treasures of the
island would be collected and thrown open for
his inspection.
The words of Columbus have shown us that he
was sailing within the Arctic Circle. The object
of his voyage remains unknown. It is not likely
that he had personally anything to do with the
fisheries, though he may have been in communi-
cation with the fleet engaged upon the winter
fishing on the great banks near the Lofoden
Islands. By the 8th of February the watchers
on the cliffs expected to see rorquals and gram-
pus attacking the moving army of herrings;
according to their proverb, ‘‘on the last of Thorri
and first of Géi, there’s whale and herring seen in
the sea.†They fished for these early shoals
with the drift nets, “and one might see in the
compass of a mile upward. of two or three hun-
dred fishing boats lying on their station for a
month together.†Further on in the spring the
smaller herrings were caught with casting nets,
and a nét with a large mesh was used for the
great cod which followed the herrings. We read
also of a longshore fishery with night lines; and
152 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
there was a deep-sea business besides, carried on
far out from the islands ‘‘in the sea between
Norway and Iceland.†The latter was described
by Olaus Magnus, who dwelt on the peril from
storm and drift ice and the hard life of the sailors
in the long winter nights. They caught cod and
ling, skates and rays, and were especially
successful in taking the large halibuts, one of
which would fill a barrel by itself. We are told
that the fins and long slices of the meat were
salted down and packed for export to the
Mediterranean, and that the French, when they
began a “turbot fishery†in America, learned
how to cut off and cure the fat from the fins and
strips from the body of the fish. The old writers
are full of the superstitions and terrors of the
fishermen. There were dangers from the great
squids, enlarged by fancy into serpents and kra-
kens, from the saw fishes ‘‘with teeth like a
cock’s comb,†and the swordfish “with a head
like an owl and a bill like a sword.â€â€™ Sometimes,
in the place of a thornback, they would draw up
a cramp fish or torpedo ray; or instead of a large
skate would appear a “monk†or angel fish “and
when such are taken,†says the historian, “if they
be not presently let go, there ariseth such a
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. ° 153
fierce tempest, with a horrid noise of that kind of
creatures and other sea monsters there assembled,
that a man would think the very heavens were
falling and the vaulted roof of the world running
to ruin.â€
These fisheries were conducted under the direc-
tion of the merchants at Bergen. No foreigners
were allowed to intervene; and the English
especially were forbidden to come near the coast,
though it may have been impossible to keep
them from the deep-sea fishery. Their great
opponents were the Hanse merchants, who
would have had little scruple in engaging armed
assistance in support of their usurped authority.
When our traders in 1428 had nearly been success-
ful in restoring their commerce at Bergen the
freebooters in the pay of the Hanse League
burned and sacked a great part of the city,
besides plundering a fleet of vessels from Nor-
mandy, “which had come for the summer fish-
ingâ€; and the Germans soon re-established their
oppressive dominion over the whole trade of the
port. We may suppose that the governments
of England and France would be driven on some
occasions to protect their subjects’ rights, even
though there were laws against fishing or trading
154 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
on the coast. Might not Columbus, it will be
asked, be engaged in some such service under
Admira] Coulon or the younger Colombo? But
as a Portuguese subject since his marriage, and
indeed as “a Portuguese sea captain,†he would
hardly be free to serve under the flag of France;
and as to the freebooter Colombo there is direct
documentary evidence that he was spending the
winter at Lisbon, and had gone with nine ships
early in January to lie in wait for, the Flanders
galleys on their outward voyage from Cadiz.
It is difficult, as we have seen, to suppose that
Columbus was engaged on a voyage under the
elder Coulon for the protection of the French
king’s interest in the Lofoden fisheries. On the
other hand, it is almost impossible to believe
that he sailed to Iceland on any English ship.
His language implies that he was navigating a
ship of his own; it also appears from his journals
that he had touched at some port in England,
which he describes as “the way to the North.â€
On the whole, we are led to suppose that his
journey beyond Thule had a direct relation to
his projects of oceanic discovery.
He had a favorite scheme of making a Polar
expedition, Some reference is made to this
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 155
scheme in his own account of the Fourth Voy-
age, when he declared that he would make for
Arabia around the Cape or explore the region
of the Arctic Pole. “I would undertake,†he
“says, “to go to Arabia Felix as far as Mecca, as
I have said in the letter that I sent to their
Highnesses by Antonio de Torres, with reference
to the division of the sea and land between the
Spaniards and the Portuguese; and I would
afterward go to the North Pole, as I have said
and as I have stated in writing at the Monastery
of the Mejoreda.†We know that the advisers
of John of Portugal were at that time consider-
ing how to reach India by a northeastern voyage
round Siberia.
Olaus Magnus, who wrote his history toward the
end of the sixteenth century, has given an inter-
esting account of the state of the North Sea in
his time. He mentions the renewal of the com-
merce with England under a decree called ‘‘Pin-
ning’s Judgment,†which had been accepted by
Henry the Seventh; he then notices the great
increase in number of the German traders from
the Baltic; and he adds that these northern wa-
ters were frequented by the Portuguese, “always
on the lookout for new countries,†as well as by
156 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the Spaniards and Frenchmen, who were always
complaining of the natives and never knew a
word of their language. The historian also says
that the ships from the southern countries were
subject to piratical attacks by the natives of
Greenland; but as he places the locality in the
direction of the White Sea and Spitzbergen, it
looks as though he were referring to the Nor-
wegian freebooters, and to premature attempts
of the Spaniards and Portuguese to break
through the adverse barriers of the icy “Cronian
â€
Sea.†It seems, therefore, to be a reasonable
supposition that Columbus was engaged in the
Portuguese service in searching for the route,
found only in our own time, to the rich coast of
Cathay, “along the imagined way, beyond
Petsora eastward.â€
One more point should be mentioned, in refer-
ence to the suggestion that Columbus might
have concealed what he had heard about a coun-
try to the west of Iceland. Asa matter of fact,
it was his habit to write down all that he could
learn in any quarter which tended to the confir-
mation of his theory. He would have no partic-
ular interest in the traditions of Icelandic discov-
ery. He was aware of the existence of ‘‘Tar-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 157
tary,†and would certainly have accepted the
notion that it might be reached by crossing the
Atlantic. His own object was to take advantage
of the supposed prolongation of Asia in the
regions of China and Japan; but he made care-
ful memoranda about every alleged discovery of
the transatlantic world. He tells us, for in-
stance, that about the year 1452 a Portuguese
captain came with a story about finding “An-
tilla,’ and told Prince Henry about the islanders
taking the crew to church, where a regular ser-
vice was performed; “and it was reported that
while the sailors were at mass the ship’s boys
gathered sand for the cook’s caboose, and found
that a third part of it was gold.’ Among the
Portuguese who set out to find this island was a
gentleman named Diogo de Teive, who had just
left his sugar factory at Madeira, and was about
to go on business in the Azores. His pilot was
one Pedro Velasquez, who lived at Palos in
Spain, and who talked over the matter with
Columbus when he was staying at the Monastery
of La Rabida. According to this pilot they set
out from Fayal and sailed for about 150 leagues
without finding anything, but in returning they
came upon the Isle of Flores, to which they were
158 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
guided by .the flight of land birds, chiefly buz-
zards, making in that direction. Starting once
more, they sailed to the northeast, not far from
Cape Clear in Ireland, where they met with stiff
westerly winds, and yet the sea was smooth, as if
there were some island sheltering it on that side.
When Columbus was talking over this matter at
the Port of Palos, one of the sailors said that he
had made the same voyage; he was on the way
to Ireland, and saw the land in question, which
he took for part of Tartary; but in Don Ferdi-
nand’s opinion “it is likely enough that this was
Labrador, or what we call the land of Bacalaos,
and that they sould not get to it because of the
bad weather.†If there were any truth in the
story, it might have been the Porcupine Bank, or
the whole thing may be only a reflection of the
Irish legends of a Land of Youth on the blue
verge of the Western sea. Columbus never paid
any great attention to statements about islands a
few score of leagues to the westward; but he
told his son that the story exactly agreed with
what Pedro de Velasco, the pilot of Galicia, had
told him when they met in the city of Murcia,
and this was to the effect that in sailing toward
Ireland they went out of their course and found
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 159
this new land; “and what is more,†said Colum-
bus, “you may take it to be the same as that
which is called the Isle of the Seven Cities,
which Fernan d’Ulmo went out from the Azores
to discover under the royal letters patent, and
perished; and his sons went several times on the
same voyage, and perished, one after the other,
without being heard of again.†‘And these
things,†says Don Ferdinand, “I faithfully set
down as I found them in my father’s writings, so
that it may appear what great matters some peo-
ple have raised upon a very slight foundation.â€
CHAPTER X.
“ The old seafaring men
Came to me now and then,
With their Sagas of the seas,
Of Iceland and of Greenland,
And the stormy Hebrides,
And the undiscovered deep.
I could not eat nor sleep,
For thinking of those seas.â€
MANY attempts have been made to diminish
the fame of Columbus by statements that Amer-
ica was well known to the Norsemen, and that he
himself was well aware of the fact. The story
goes that the Scandinavian explorers had discov-
ered a pleasant region which they knew as Vin-
land the Fair, where the grass never withered,
and no frost was felt at night, but the hill slopes
were clad with vines and the valleys with self-
sown corn. We shall consider the origin of the
story and the various transformations which it
underwent from time to time; and it will be seen
how unlikely it was that the admiral ever heard
of it or would in any case have attached impor-
tance to its details.
160
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 16%
The romance of Vinland rests partly on a pas-
sage in an early chronicle, and partly on two
much later Sagas which were brought to light at
the end of the sixteenth century, when learning
revived in the North. Adam of Bremen, who
wrote upon the history of the Baltic countries
about the time of our Norman Conquest, was a
good scholar himself, and lived among men who
were familiar with all parts of Europe from the
White Sea to the Golden Horn. His chronicle,
however, is chiefly remarkable for the credulity
which accepted the fables about monsters, which
had been stale even when Pliny collected them.
The dog-faced tribes and one-legged men, the
Amazons and Cannibals, the Albinos and men
with faces on their shoulders, all appear among
the nations of the Baltic, as they once had fig-
ured in the oldest descriptions of Africa, and as
they were destined again to appear on the find-
ing of America; and the chronicler adds that
“there are monsters of many other kinds, which
the sailors say that they have seen, though we
find it hard to believe them.â€
Norway and Sweden are imagined as lying
along the slopes of the Rhipzean Hills, “where
the tired world comes to an end.†In front of
162 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
these hills, to the north of Sweden, lies Greeri-
land, far off in the Ocean. It takes from five to
seven days to reach it from Norway, or about as
long as the ordinary voyage to Iceland. ‘‘The
natives are blue with the brine, and this gives its
name to the country; they live in much the
same way as the Icelanders, but they are more
ferocious, and they make piratical attacks on
voyagers; some say, however, that to them also
the Gospel has been carried across the sea.â€
The historian then quotes a conversation held
with King Sweyn of Denmark, the nephew of
our King Canute. ‘‘He said that another island
in that ocean had been reached by many men; it
was called Vinland, because the vines grow there
of themselves and produce most excellent wine;
and it is also rich in self-sown crops of corn; and
this comes not from any mere tradition, but rests.
on the actual testimony of the Danes.â€
It is a fact of some significance that Greenland
should have been placed in a line with the range
of mountains between Norway and Sweden.
Many of the theories of the medieval geog-
raphers can be traced back to legends about the
exploits of Alexander the Great. Among these
notions was the belief that one might sail down
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 163
from the north into the Caspian Sea. Leaving
the Rhipzan Hills upon the left, one would come
first to the land of the Griffins, and then to Al-
bania, the pirates’ islands, and the forests and
golden plains of the fruitful land of Hyrcania.
When we examine the Saga of Eric the Red,
_ from which it has been suggested that Columbus
may have gained his information, we shall find
that the local color is mostly derived from tradi-
tions of this kind. It is possible that Leif the
Lucky may have seen maize and fox grapes
growing wild in the latitude of Canada; but the
rest of the story seems to have been written by a
scribe who knew nothing about America.
One of the earliest statements about the mat-
ter is contained in the “Life of Olaf Tryggvason.â€
We are told that a mission was sent to Green-
land about the year 1006. The ship was driven
off her course and wrecked; but the crew were
rescued by Leif Ericson. ‘‘Leif went to Green-
land in the summer; in the sea he saved a crew
clinging to a wreck; he also found Vinland the
Fair, and arrived about harvest time in Green-
land with the priest and the teachers.â€
The Saga of Eric the Red is preserved in a
MS. known as the Flatey Book, belonging to the
164 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
National Library at Copenhagen. Mr. Vigfus-
son described the book as forming a huge ency-
clopedia of northern history, its pages containing
more than half of what is known of the older his-
tory of the Orkneys and Faroes, of Greenland
and Vinland. It was compiled about the year
1387 for a yeoman living in the east of Iceland,
not far from the monastery at Thingore, where
no doubt there was “a goodly library,†abound-
ing in material for the scribes. The title page
gives an interesting list of contents. ‘‘This book
John Haconsson owns. There are herein, first
poems, then how Norway was settled, then the
story of Eric the Far-traveled, and next, that of
King Olaf Tryggvason with its episodes, and
next are the histories of St. Olaf and of the Ork-
ney Earls, etc. The priest, John Thordsson, has
written of Eric the Far-traveled, and the histories
of the two Olafs; and the priest, Magnus Thor-
hallsson, has written all before and all after that,
and has illuminated the whole.â€
This book belonged afterward to a rich family
in the west of the island, who afterward took it
to their house at Flatey on the eastern coast.
It has been traced into the possession of Bjorn
Einarsson the Pilgrim, who died about the year
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 165
1415. From him it descended to “Lady Chris-
tian of Waterfirth,’ and from her to Bjorn, the
Governor of Iceland, who was killed by the Eng-
lish sailors in 1467, and whose son was governor
in 1477, when Columbus was sailing in the Arctic
Circle. It remained in this family as an heirloom
until the year 1630, when the following note was
made on the title: “This book I, John Finsson,
own by gift from my father’s father, John Bjorns-
son, whereof proof can be given, and it was de-
livered to me and in that way made my own by
my lamented father, Fin Johnsson, personally.â€
The book was then given to John Torfason of
Flatey, who passed it on in 1647 to Bishop Bry-
niulf of Skalholt, a great patron of literature.
Torfoeus, who wrote the history of Vinland,
came to Iceland a few years afterward, “hunting
after vellums for the king’s new library,†and he
conveyed the book to Copenhagen as a contribu-
tion from the learned bishop.
The story of the finding of Vinland, as it was
copied into the Flatey Book, cannot have been
older than the middle of the fourteenth century,
since it was about that time that the “Skraelings,â€
or Eskimos, first came into contact with the
Northmen in Greenland. This period is known to
166 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
have been marked by a great activity in the col-
lection of local traditions. It has been described
as a period of appreciation rather than an age of
original production. The Icelanders were col-
lecting the stories connected with their great
men or the ancestors of their best known fam-
ilies. When a later generation attempted to
create as well as to collect, the exploits of the
native heroes were abandoned, and the Icelandic
writers gave themselves up, like the rest of the
world, to stories of Roland and the Paladins, or
Sir Tristram and the dreamer Merlin.
All remembrance of the ancient times seems to
have passed away before the beginning of the six-
teenth century. Many works, says Mr. Vigfusson,
were written during this period, but their sub-
jects were taken from foreign or fictitious
romances. The English trade, and the change in
the physical circumstances of Iceland, may have
had something to do with this “rapid, but com-
plete oblivion of things past.†Even the fifteenth
century became “a mythical semi-fabulous ageâ€
to the Icelanders of the succeeding generation ;
they had forgotten the death of Bjorn, the sor-
rows of the Lady Olof, and the war with the
English traders. The pedigrees are not carried
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 167
further back than the beginning of the sixteenth
century. It wasnot even known, says Mr. Vigfus-
son, that the age of the Sagas was “looming
behind.†Late in the next century, however,
the old records were brought to light again, fresh
pedigrees were arranged, and were joined “by
false links†to the genealogies of the ancient
heroes. The Saga of Eric the Red rises into
importance, as containing the notice of the first
European born in America; and Snorri, the son
of Thorfinn from Vinland, is accepted as the
ancestor of Snorri Sturlusson the historian and
many other distinguished persons.
The stories with which we are dealing seem to
have remained unknown outside Iceland itself until
the beginning of the seventeenth century. A taste
for the literature of the North revived when the
King of Denmark became interested in the ex-
ploits of his ancestors. The history known as
the ‘‘Heimskringla,†or ‘““World-ring,†containing
the lives of the ancient kings of Norway, was
translated into Danish in 1594, and a number of
literati were set at work to recover such of the
historical manuscripts as might still be moldering
in the farmhouses of Iceland. Among them was
Arngrim Jonsson, commonly known as Arngrim
168 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the Learned, the author of several important
works upon the antiquities of his country. He
brought out in succession a commentary on the
Kings’ Lives, on Constitutional History, and a
spirited criticism, or ‘‘Dissection†as it was
called, of the libelous account of Iceland pub-
lished by one Dittmar Blefken. Besides all
these he was the author of a short history of
Greenland, in which he inserted a full and impar-
tial account of the travels of the children of Eric
the Red. The books used by this great scholar
are known by his careful references to authority,
and it is somewhat remarkable that he appears
never to have seen the Flatey Book, though he
had authority from the government to examine
historical records. It is known that he used his
authority freely; and he said himself that on one
occasion he had ‘‘no less than twenty-six vellums
in his possession.†His benefice lay in the East-
ern Province, where he was busily engaged as
coadjutor to the Bishop of Holar, and by that
time the Flatey Book had been moved to an-
other part of the country; but inasmuch as Arn-
grim’s home was in Wididale, where the famous
manuscript had been compiled, and near the site
of the monastery of Thingore, it is not very diff-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS: 169
cult to account for his familiarity with the tradi-
tion.
The Saga deals with events at the end of the
tenth century, when Eric had started with his
settlers for Greenland. There was an Icelander
called Heriulf, we are told, who used to trade to
Norway in partnership with his son Bjorn. As
soon as Heriulf heard of the new settlement he
determined to sail off at once without waiting for
his son, and he arrived in time for an allotment
of territory, and set up his home at a place which
he called Heriulf’s Ness.
When Bjorn came to Norway and heard of his
father’s departure he started off also for “the
strange and remote land,†though he had but
little information as to the route. For three
days he sailed west, and then was driven far to
the south by a storm. When the storm was over
they sailed on for a day and a night, and came to
a flat island, very woody and free from rocks;
then, starting again, they sailed to the northwest
and arrived in Greenland, passing two more
islands in their course.
About the year 1002, Leif, the son of Eric the
Red, set out for Heriulf’s Ness to look for the
countries which had been thus discovered. The
170 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
first that he found was the island nearest Green-
land, where he cast anchor. He saw nothing but
flat rocks and ice, and he called it Helluland, or
the “‘land of flagstones.†Soon afterward he
found the flat wood-covered island, and this he
called Markland, or the ‘‘land of woods.†Then
he sailed on for two days and nights with a
northeast breeze, and came to a much more fer-
tile coast. They landed on a small island, and
afterward sailed westward round a promontory,
and ran the ship into a creek. They determined
to winter here, as there was plenty of fish, espe-
cially a large kind of salmon. ‘The winter was
not very severe; they had not nearly as much
frost and snow as in Iceland or Greenland, and
they could see the sun for fully six hours on the
shortest day. They likewise found vines and
grapes, which the Greenlanders had never seen
before; but they had with them a man from the
South who'was no stranger to that sort of fruit,
and who said that he was born in a country
where the vine grew in abundance. Leif re-
turned to Greenland in the spring, and he called
the country Vinland.†The compiler of the
Saga enters into minute details about the cli-
mate. “It was so fine,†he says, ‘‘that there was
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 171
no need of hay for stall-feeding the cattle; there
was no frost throughout the winter, and the grass
was but little withered.†According to him the
sun rose at 7.30 A.M. on the shortest day, and
set at 4.30 P. M.; and this calculation would suit
the latitude of Massachusetts; but the statement
as to the absence of frost would carry us to the
climate of Virginia.
We now come to the voyage of Thorwald, the
second son of Eric. He is said to have started
from Greenland with a crew of thirty men, and
to have wintered in the huts which his brother
had built in Vinland. During that winter he
reconnoitered toward the west, and in the sum-
mer following he surveyed the eastern districts;
and in the course of the year after that he started
again to explore a number of uninhabited islands
to the westward. Toward the end of their stay
they came one day upon three small boats of a
kind quite unknown to them, “made of skins,
with ribs or bones bound together with twigs.â€
There were three men lying by each boat upon
the shore, two keeping watch and the third
asleep. Of these men they killed eight, and the
ninth escaped. Soon afterward a crowd of
natives appeared, armed with bows and arrows,
172 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
who attacked the Greenlanders. Thorwald re-
ceived a wound in the face, of which he died.
He was buried near a cape on the east coast,
which they called Crossness. The others stayed
on in Vinland for the winter, and in the spring
they loaded their ship with vines and the boat
with grapes, “and so returned to Greenland in
good condition.â€
Boats of the kind mentioned in this extract,
though unknown among the Northmen, were
often mentioned by the classical writers. The
Iberians of Spain ‘‘built their ships with skins,
and traversed the seas in their boats of hide’;
and their canoes were compared by Lucan with
the curraghs used in Britain. There were old
Greek stories of the tin fetched from islands in
the Atlantic “‘in wicker boats sewn with hides.â€
But perhaps the nearest approach to the Ice-
landic story is to be found ina passage of A¢thi-
cus about the boats used in the age of Alexander
by the pirates of the Hyrcanian Sea. “They are
long and narrow, woven thickly with osiers and
sewn round with goat skins and bear skins, so as
to resist the waves and the wi ds; and they are
handy and swift for pillaging the neighboring
countries and islands.†It may be remembered
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 173
also in the same connection that Olaus Magnus,
on seeing some Eskimo fishing boats hung up
in St. Halward’s Church at Christiania, thought
that they must be some of the diving vessels
described in the legends about the Caspian
pirates, “with which the sea robbers would claw
hold of a passing ship and scuttle her by boring
through the planksâ€; though these diving vessels
“ce
were not a whit more real than the ‘‘ship of
glass†in which Alexander the Great was fabled
to have explored the depths of the sea.
There are other touches of the same kind
which seem to indicate that the compilers of the
Saga were drawing upon the common stores of -
medieval romance. Next to Vinland, for in-
stance, we hear of “Whiteman’s Land,†some-
times called Western Albania, or ‘Ireland over
the Seaâ€; and just in the same way the next
country to Hyrcania was the great realm of
Albania, which was so called, says the Book of
Mandeville, “because the folk ben whiter than
in other marches thereabouten.†So again, when
one of the Greenlanders is killed in fight by a
swift-running one-legged monster, we can but
think of the old travelers’ tale that ‘‘in this con-
tree be folk that have but one foot, and thei gon
174 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
so fast that it is marvaylle.†The Saga-writer’s
story of the honey-dew is evidently imported
from the classics. When the Greenlanders
landed on the first island the weather was serene
and still, “the dew was on the grass, and they
touched and tasted it, and thought that nothing
had ever been so sweet.†According to the tra-
ditions about Alexander, the Greeks found cer-
tain trees in Hyrcania, of which the leaves were
“a
bedewed with honey ‘‘engendered in the air.â€
“There is a tree in that country,†says Diodorus,
‘‘which distills honey from its leaves, and this the
natives gather in great plenty.†These soft
sweet showers, and the unsown corn and vines,
appear in every vision of the Islands of the
Blessed. We come tea land where “the earth
unplowed brings forth her yearly crop, and the
vine flourishes untouched by the pruner’s hook.â€
If the young Marcellus could only have lived,
according to the poet’s prayer, the oaks woud be
distilling their ‘‘honey, pure as the dew,â€
Plains will be turned golden and wave with ripening corn,
Purple grapes shall blush on the tangled wilderness thorn,
We are told that the next voyage was under-
taken by Thorstein, the third son of Eric the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 175
Red. He set out with his wife Gudrida, but
never found the right way. They were driven
.about by storms all the summer, and only got
home in the first week of winter, when Thorstein
died of the plague. Gudrida was married again
to an Icelander called Thorfinn Karlsefne. They
determined to establish a colony in Vinland, and
when they arrived they found plenty of provi-
sions; the crops were fruitful, the fish abounded
in the streams, and they were so lucky as to find
a stranded “rorqual,†or whale of the largest
kind.
About the end of the year the natives ap-
peared in great numbers, and traded skins and
furs for food. In the course of the next summer
they came again, and a chief was killed in trying
to take an ax from one of the Greenlanders; and
in the following season they came again, pre-
pared this time for war, but were defeated with
great loss. These natives are always called
“Skraelings,†a term which is more regularly con-
fined to the Eskimos; but none of the true
Eskimos have ever been found to the south of
Labrador. There is nothing in the Saga to iden-
tify these natives with the Tuscaroras or any
other Red Indian tribe. On the contrary, when
176 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
anything like a description is given, it is of a
kind which might be expected in a romance.
Black men, like specters, form a funereal host.
They sail up from the South, as if they came
from Ethiopia. “They were black, and of fierce
looks, with matted hair ; their eyes were very
large, and their faces broad.†They are in fact
like the peoples of Gog and Magog whom the
Greeks could not subdue, the Caspian tribes and
“‘Turchi with sooty faces and crow-black hair.â€
The Syriac version of the legend of Alexander
describes such tribes as living in the Hyrcanian
Forest. “In that wood there were trees bearing
fruit, and their fruit was very luscious, and with-
in the wood there were wild men, whose faces
were like ravens, and they held darts in their
hands, and were clothed with skins.â€
When Thorfinn left Vinland he brought home, _
so the story ran, a precious cargo of furs and
hides, with vines and grapes and specimens of
timber. A stranger from Bremen offered to buy
a piece of wood like a broomstick, of the kind
called “Mausur†or Butcher’s broom, which was
believed to keep off mice and other vermin from
houses. ‘‘Thorfinn refused, unless the merchant
would pay its weight in gold, and upon these
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 177
terms it was sold at last.’’ Other versions of the
story put the price at four ounces of gold; and
in modern times the whole anecdote has been â„¢
exaggerated until the merchant appears as pur-
chasing a quantity of precious “mazer wood†or
a cargo of bird’s-eye maple.
Yet one more voyage to Vinland was said to
have been made by a child of Eric the Red.
His daughter Freydisa had taken part in the
voyage when Leif made his first discovery.
After Thorfinn’s return she determined to go out
again, and persuaded her husband to take part in
founding a settlement. They provided one ship,
and another was furnished by two Icelanders,
with a crew of thirty men, five of them accom-
panied by their wives. Soon after their arrival a
bitter quarrel broke out, and in the end all the
Icelandic men were killed at the instigation of
Freydisa; and, as the women had been spared,
she herself took an ax and cut them down. The
story, as Mr. Vigfusson pointed out, takes some
of its coloring from the “Attila Lay,†in which
the tale of the Niebelungs was sung with a pecu-
liar “savagery and grimness.†In that version
the Lady Gudrun appears as a furious Medea,
quite unlike “the gentle Andromache†or the
178 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Electra of the German poem: ‘‘When the high-
born lady saw that the game was a bloody one,
she hardened her heart; she threw off her man-
tle, and took a naked sword in her hand, and
fought for the life of her kinsmen.â€
A wilder version of these traditions, known as
the “History of Thorfinn Karlsefne,†was pre-
served by Bjorn of Scardsa, an eminent Icelandic
antiquary, who died at a great age in 1656. The
main lines of the story may still be discerned in
this version, though most of the details are dif-
ferent. Many of the classical references have been
omitted, and. are replaced by local allusions, show-
ing that the compiler was well acquainted with the
habits of the settlers in Greenland. Bjorn of
Scardsa was a self-educated yeoman who took to
the study of antiquities when he was about fifty
years old; and he is described as having a poet-
ical and imaginative turn of mind, and “a force
of character and enthusiasm which led to his
dicta being eagerly accepted by his countrymen.â€
He wrote a history of Greenland, in which the
extinction of the colony was described and the
vague reports as to its former site were discussed.
Some parts of the work were taken from a MS.
called “Hawk’s Book,†noted as “a very maga-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 179
zine of antiquities,†and ascribed to one ‘‘Hawk,â€
a well known magistrate, who died in Iceland
about 1334, and who, according to his own
account, was the ninth in direct descent from
Thorfinn.
The legend of Thorfinn was inserted in Bjorn’s
history of Greenland without any note as to its
origin or comparative antiquity. It reads likea
travesty of the story in the Flatey Book; but it
has a certain literary interest as a storehouse of
magic and witchcraft, and it has at any rate pre-
served that picture of the spae wife ina Hun-
landish belt, ‘‘in a cap of black lamb’s wool and
a blue vest spangled with jewels,†which is familiar
to all who know Gray’s version of the Descent
of Odin.
Some of the characters in the older Saga reap-
pear in the new story and take part in its strange
adventures. Thorfinn and his wife deprive the
children of Eric of all the credit of finding and
naming the new countries, except that they are
accompanied by Thorwald and his fierce sister,
Freydisa, with her husband from Iceland. The
travelers go first to Bjarney, or Disco Island, the
northernmost settlement in Baffins Bay, and
turning there, after a journey of a day anda
180 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
night, they found a stony region, “and this they
called Helluland.†Another day’s sail brought
them to a woodland district, “and to this they
gave the name of Markland.†Then they sailed
away to the south, and came to a keel-shaped
promontory standing out between long, white
shores. ‘“‘King Olaf had once given to Leif
Ericsson two Scotch folk, a man and woman
called Hake and Hekia, who could run as swiftly
as wild beasts.†These were sent out as spies to
explore the land, and after three days they re-
_ turned with a bunch of grapes and “an ear of
new sown wheat.†Then they went on south-
ward, and came to an island covered with nest-
ing eider ducks, and they wintered there. In the
spring they found a whale cast up, but it had
been procured by the spells of their huntsman,
“a tall, dark man like a giant,†and they were all
smitten with disease. When the remains of the
ill gotten food were thrown away the weather
cleared, and they got plenty of deer and fish,
besides eggs from the island. Still they had not
found Vinland, and some complained that not a
drop of wine had yet crossed their lips They
accordingly agreed to divide their forces and'to
search about in different directions. Some went
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 181
north, and were driven across to Ireland. Thor-
finn and the rest sailed far to the south, and came
to a sandy estuary; and here at last they saw the
self-sown corn and the vines along the slopes of
the hills.
After a while they were visited by the savages,
who came in canoes from the south, with their
poles waving in the sunshine “like corn shaken
by the wind.†A few months afterward the
black men came in crowds, so that the bay
seemed to be “sprinkled with coals,†so great
was the multitude of their boats of hide. The
Greenlanders, though successful in fight, deter-
mined to abandon the region of vines, and to go
back to the estuary and the eider duck island.
From this point Thorfinn made several voyages
of exploration. In one of these Thorwald, son
of Eric the Red, was killed by a one-legged mon-
ster. In Markland they caught some native
children, who told them of a neighboring coun-
try, where men walked in white robes carrying
banners and shouting aloud; and this, they
thought, might be the Greater Ireland, or
“Whiteman’s Land.â€
The whole account of their way of living might
have been written by anyone who had passed a
182 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
summer in Greenland; and some of the incidents
correspond very closely with the account of that
country compiled by Ivor Bardson about the
year 1349. According to the description of
Thorfinn’s colony, there was abundance of grass
for the flocks and herds, the rivers were full of
fish, and the woods well stocked with game.
The settlers caught sea-fish after the Greenland
fashion; they made pits and trenches in the estu-
ary near the high-water mark, and when the tide
went out they found halibuts caught in the shal-
lows. The halibut, indeed, is a deep-sea fish;
~but the Greenlanders catch salmon in this way,
by building stone weirs across a tidal stream, and
there are places where the rocks make a natural
trap of the same kind for seals. Ivor Bardson
described a lake near the Church of St. Nicholas,
which rises with the tide and the rain; “and
when the water falls a great number of fish are
left upon the sand.†As tothe climate in sum-
mer, he says that a fjord near the Iceblink ;Moun-
tain has a number of small islands in it with
‘
nesting birds, “and on both sides extend great
plains covered with green grass wherever you go.â€
The frost in Greenland, according to his account,
was not so severe as in Iceland or Norway.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. « 183,
“The fruits,†he says, ‘‘grow there as large as
apples, and are of good flavor, and there is corn
of the best kind’’; and it is true that there are
wild service trees that bring their fruit to matu-
rity, and pulse and oats of a sort in some specially
favored localities. Modern travelers have re-
ported of Disco Island itself, the ‘‘“Bjarney†of
Thorfinn’s voyage, that the weather in summer is
pleasant and the scenery delightful; ‘food is
delicious and abundant, and labor an agreeable
pastime.â€
It was thought at one time that the ecclesias-
“tical history of the north might furnish some
information as to the alleged discovery of Vin-
land. The Icelandic Annals have been quoted
to show that one Eric of Upsi was ordained
Bishop of Greenland in 1121, but soon afterward
sailed ‘‘to look for Vinland,’ and was not heard
of again. This Eric, however, seems to have
been only a private missionary. Greenland be-
came subject to the King of Norway in 1123,
and Arnold, the first bishop, was appointed in
the following year. The archives of the Vatican
contain a few notices of the Greenland churches.
There was a Papal Brief in 1275 appointing a
commissioner to collect the Greenlanders’ contri-
184 ° THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
butions toward a crusade. In 1326 an account
of the duty received in Greenland, amounting,
with the Peter’s pence, to about a ton of walrus
ivory, was forwarded from Bergen to Rome.
There are very few other entries on this subject.
One Alpho is mentioned as being Bishop of Gar-
dar when the ‘‘Skraelings,†or Eskimos, were
first seen in the country. We are told that
about 1386 the navigation ceased, but in 1408
the Archbishop of Drontheim consecrated An-
drew Bishop of Greenland in case Henry, the
former bishop, was dead; but it was never
known whether he arrived at his diocese. It ap-
pears also from a Brief of Eugenius the Fourth
that in 1433 Fra Bartolomeo de Santo Ypolito
was appointed to succeed Nicholas, the bishop of
Greenland, then lately deceased.
The last official recognition of the Scandi-
navian colony is contained in a letter written in
1448 by Pope Nicholas the Fifth to certain bish-
ops in Iceland. The Pope speaks of Greenland
as an island in the Northern Ocean, where for
nearly six centuries the Church founded by St.
Olaf had flourished. ‘But now it is thirty years
since the barbarians, coming against them ina
fleet from the shores of the heathen, have devas-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 185
tated the cathedral church and the country with
fire and sword; only the parish churches were
left, which they could not easily approach in the
clefts of the -hills.’†The inhabitants had been
carried off into slavery; but many of them had
afterward returned, and were desirous of restor-
ing the services of religion, though they were too
poor to maintain bishops and priests. The Pope
ended by asking the Icelandic bishops to ordain
a colleague for Greenland, and to send him out
to that country if the distance were not too
great.
No serious attempt was made to resume inter-
course with the lost colony till the reign of Chris-
tian the Second of Denmark, when Archbishop
Walkendorf endeavored to find out its situation;
but he died in 1523, “and his benevolent plans
were buried with him.â€
Martin Frobisher, in searching for the North-
west Passage in 1576, reached the coast of Green-
land, which he called Meta Incognita, and an‘
inlet known as Frobisher’s Strait. He returned
in the following season to look for a supposed
gold mine that turned out to be only a vein of
pyrites; and in 1578 he was sent to establish a
colony there, though the project was soon aban-
186 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. -
doned. Crantz, the historian of Greenland,
thought that the picture of Meta Incognita
agreed very closely with what was afterward
found in the country. But he added a remark
on the wild tales told by some of Frobisher’s
sailors which has some bearing upon the value of
the traditions about Vinland. As to the civ-
ilized natives and a king decked out with jewels,
we must take it for granted, he says, “either that
they consulted the prevalent taste, requiring in
every new voyage gold and silver mountains, rich
palaces, and a shower of impossible adventures,
or else that the editors embellished the narrative
out of the ballads and romances at that time in
vogue,â€
CHAPTER XI.
“From the north
Of Norumbega and the Samoed shore
Bursting their brazen dungeons, armed with ice,
And snow and hail and stormy gust and flaw,
Boreas and Czecias.â€
ABOUT a century before Columbus crossed the
Atlantic there was a great and terrible eruption
of the volcano of Mount Hecla in Iceland; and
about fifty years after his death distorted ac-
counts of its fire spouts and lava floods began
to be known in Italy. A great interest in the
North had been revived at Rome by the labors
of Archbishop Walkendorf and the zeal which he
had shown in recovering the traditions of Green-
land. The finding of America had given a fresh
value to all the old stories of the sea. “This is
an age,†it was said, “most earnest in studying
all kinds of new information, and especially
about those countries which have been made
known through the courage and energy of our
ancestors.â€
One result of this temper of the public mind
187
188 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
was a fashion of dressing up the details of forgot-
ten travels, so as to bring them into some connec-
tion with the new world, and the credit of
Columbus was, of course, as much diminished as
the fame of the older travelers was exalted.
Lord Bacon even made the unjust accusation
that Columbus had suppressed what he had
learned about certain lands, which at first were
taken for islands, but were afterward shown to
be portions of the American continent. The
admiral, it was hinted, had evidence that his
plans were correct, much better than ‘‘the proph-
ecy of Seneca,†or Plato’s antiquities, or “the
nature of the tides and land windsâ€; and if he
kept silence on all this it must have been because
he would appear as no man’s follower, but only
as “‘the child of his own science and fortune.â€
The accusation was chiefly based on the state-
ments in a book published in 1558 by Nicolo
Zeno of Venice. It professed to contain the dis-
coveries of two members of his family, who had
been in the North about the year 1390, and had
written letters about ‘“‘Frisland†and Greenland
and other far distant lands, and had indeed put
together a complete book on the subject, which
-had, however, long since disappeared, “I am
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 189
grieved,†said the editor of these letters, “that
this book, and many other writings on this sub-
ject, have suffered an unfortunate fate. I was
but a child when they came to my hands, and I
tore them up, as children will, and threw them
away, not knowing what they were.†He as-
sured his*readers, however, that he had put it all
together again as well as he knew how. He was
also in possession of a map, very imperfectly
designed, which proved to be a fruitful source of
mistakes to the explorers of the Northwest Pas-
sage. Of this he writes: “I have thought it well
to make a copy of the sailing chart, which I have
found among my family antiquities, and although
it is rotten with age, I have succeeded with it
tolerably well.â€
On examining a copy of this map it is easy to
see that it contained the names of places in Shet-
land, which had been transferred by mistake to
the coast of Iceland. This made it necessary to
move the place of Iceland itself further up
toward the north; and we accordingly find a vol-
cano,a great monastery, and a town, set upon an
imaginary coast line extending from the north of
Greenland to the vicinity of Spitzbergen.
“Frisland,†that icy region for which our sail-
Igo THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ors long sought in vain, was shown as a large
island lying far out in the western ocean. The
country has long ago been identified with the
scattered Isles of Fardée by means of the local
names, which were but thinly diguised in the
Italian rendering, and especially by a very defin-
ite reference to the Monk Rock lying to the
south of the group, which is still a well known
resort of the North Sea fishermen. The ancient
volume of letters also contained many references
to a prince called ‘‘Zinco,†or “Zichmniâ€; and he
has now been clearly identified with Henry Sin-
clair, Earl of Orkney, who gained possession of
. the islands in 1390, and died about ten years
afterward.
When Frobisher sailed to his Meta Incognita
and the desolate coasts of Baffin’s Bay, he was
always looking for the kingdoms described by
the Venetian merchants. In his first voyage he
hoped at one time that he had come upon their
track. He caught a glimpse of a country that he
took for Frisland, “rising like pinnacles of
steeples, and all covered with snow.†It was a
ragged and high land, shut in by drifts and
stranded icebergs, and rendered almost inaccessi-
ble by its walls, mountains, and bulwarks of ice.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. TOI
“Tt extends,†says he, ‘‘very far to the north-
ward, as it seemed to us, and as appears by a
description set out by two brethren, who were
Venetians, the first known Christians that discov-
ered this land, about 200 years since; and they
have in their sea cards set out every part
thereof.â€
’ Many adventures befell the merchants in their
long service with Sinclair. We must notice in
particular their description of the monastery set
by a burning mountain, and the visit of the fleet
to a quaint kingdom near Bantry Bay; and above
all, we ought carefully to examine the wonderful
“Story of the Fisherman,†with its pictures of
life ‘‘in cold Estotiland†and among the snows of
Drogio. This story contains the gist of Bacon’s
accusation against Columbus; and in our own
time it has often been treated asa summary of
what was known about Vinland by those who
kept up in the North “a mercantile connection
with America.†It has even been praised asa
very fair description of the country “as far down
as Mexico,†considering that it was written at
the close of the fourteenth century.
Nicolo Zeno, it is said, made an expedition
from Bressay in Shetland, and sailed with three
192 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ships to Greenland; ‘“‘and here he found a monas-
tery of the Order of Friars Preachers and a
church dedicated to St. Thomas, very close to a
hill which vomited fire like Vesuvius and Etna.â€
There he saw a spring of hot water, used for
warming the houses and gardens; and it was so
boiling hot that it cooked the food, and baked
the bread in stone pots “as if it had been put
into an oven.†The monks, said the traveler,
made excellent lime out of the stones that are
cast like cinders from the mouth of the burning
mountain; and these same stones, when cold, are
very useful for building, because they will never
yield or break, unless cut with iron. “Hither in
summer come vessels from the neighboring
islands, and from the North Cape, and from
Drontheim, bringing all sorts of goods in ex-
change for stockfish and hides’’; and to this
place, he added, the Friars resorted from Norway
and Sweden, but most of all from Shetland. He
describes the native boats as being made out of
the skins and bones of fish in the shape of a
weaver’s shuttle, and as being fitted with ‘‘a kind
of sleeve†for throwing out the water. The cli-
mate was bitterly cold for quite nine months at a
time, and ships were continually detained by the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 193
sea being frozen round them. The Italian was
not accustomed to such sharp cold, and was glad
to get back to Thorshavn, where he soon after-
ward died. His brother Antonio, after his ad-
ventures in Ireland, went with Sinclair to the
same country. They saw for themselves the
mountain pouring out smoke at a considerable
distance from the harbor. The soldiers sent out
to explore said that they found a great fire issu-
ing from the foot of a hill, and a spring not far
off, running with a stuff like pitch, which flowed
into the sea. There were multitudes of half-wild
people living about the hill in caves and holes.
Nothing was said on this occasion about a mon-
astery, with its lovely garden crowded with
foreign visitors, and it seems to be assumed that
they had got to another volcano. This may be
the reason why Olaus Magnus spoke vaguely of
wild fires and flaming streams being seen in sev-
eral regions of the North, and why Don Ferdinand
wrote in the same unprecise way about receiving
accounts of northern islands that were always on
fire. But to some extent these may be reminis-
cences of that “Christian Odyssey†in which St.
Brandan leaves the Isle of Vines and sails north-
ward “in that clear water’ until he comes to an
194 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
island most dark, and full of stench and smoke,
and then again blew the south wind and drove
them further into the north, “where they saw a
hill on fire, and the fire stood on each side like a
wall.â€
No volcano has ever been found in Greenland.
There were some warm springs at a place called
Ounartok; but Ivor Bardson’s survey showed
that they used to belong to the bishop and to
certain Benedictine nuns, and not to the Canons
of St. Olaf, who owned the only establishment
that could have been described as a monastery.
There are many hot springs near Mount Hecla,
some of which have been used for centuries for
warming baths and dwelling houses, but we find
no record of the Friars or of any such church of
St. Thomas as is mentioned in the story. There
was, however, a monastery at Archangel, which
had become known to travelers about the time
when the book was published; and several of the
particulars in Zeno’s description would suit the
circumstances of the White Sea trade. It seems
likely, on the whole, that this part of the story
was made up out of the reports from several dif-
ferent places. It had reference in the main to
the great eruption in Iceland; but the unlearned
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 195
narrator reduced the volcanic display to effects
that might have been observed in a little Italian
solfatara.
The account of a visit to ‘‘Icaria†bears some
signs of an authentic narrative. This country
appears on Zeno’s map, far off in the sea near
Labrador; but it has been restored by modern
research to the latitude of the ‘‘Kingdom of
Kerry.†Sinelair is shown arriving with his fleet
at a harbor on the western side; the king is
on the shore with his nobles, and a rabble of
“kernes and galloglasses.†The country had
often been invaded before, and out of each for-
eign host one man had been persuaded to stay, in
order to teach the natives the language and cus-
toms of his people. Now came out the long boat
with no less than ten of these interpreters, but
none of them could be understood except one
who came from Shetland. He could, of course,
talk Norse with the sailors, even if he had never
heard the uncouth dialect of the Faréege. It is
a pity that we are not told more of the languages
of the other interpreters. They knew Irish, but
not Italian, and among them they must have
been ready, we suppose, with English and French
and Lowland Scotch, and Erse of the Highlands,
196 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
with Welsh and Manx and Cornish, and perhaps
the North-Irish dialects, and Pictish of Galloway.
Sinclair would have understood the talk of most
of the interpreters, but only the Shetlander was
taken to his ship, accompanied by the bard or
“Sennachie,†who could speak of the royal pedi-
gree and receive dispatches for the king. Being
asked what were the names of the place and
people and by whom they were governed, he
said that it was the land of Icaria, and that the
_ king himself was called Icarus, after the first of
his line, who was the son of Dzedalus, one of the
ancient Irish kings, and had given them a code
of laws; and the sea thereabout was called the
Icarian Sea, because their first king had been
drowned there; which all seems like the classical
jargon that an Irish bard would have brought
forth. ‘‘They were all content,†said the mes-
senger, “with the state into which they had been
called, and would neither alter their laws nor
admit any stranger among them, and for this
they were all prepared to fight to death.†But
they would make the usual exception, and would
be glad to take one of the Italian strangers, and
to make him at home, in the same way as they
had done with the ten other interpreters. Sin-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. i99
clair, we are told, made no reply, except to ask
where he could find another harbor, and so sailed
off to the other side and landed a party to get
wood and water. But the natives lit beacon fires
to rouse the country, and came running down
armed with bows and arrows, ‘‘more like beasts
than men,†as the Italian thought. Their rage,
he says, increased more and more, “and all the
way to the east cape we saw them on the hilltops
and along the coast, running to keep up with us,
and howling and shooting at us from afar to
show their hatred.â€
The fleet stood out to sea and proceeded as-far
as Greenland. They were bound, according to
Zeno, for a country in the far west which was
called ‘“‘Estotiland,†and they had on board some
of the natives of those parts to serve as guides.
This, of course, is a reference to the story of the
fisherman, to which the sailors, as we are told,
gave full credence “from having had much expe-
rience in strange novelties,†and which would
transfer the fame of Columbus to the unnamed
Fardéese if the public were able to believe it.
The finding of the New World, said Ortelius,
is not unworthily ascribed to Columbus, for by
him, indeed, it was “in a manner first discovered,â€
i98 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
and was made known by him and profitably com-_
municated to the Christian world in the year
1492. “Howbeit I find that the north part
thereof, called Estotiland, which most of all ex-
tendeth toward our Europe and the islands of the
same, was long ago found out by certain fishers
of the Isle of Frisland, driven by tempest on the
shore, and was afterward, about the year 1390,
discovered anew by one Antonio Zeno, a gentle-
man of Venice.â€
Some of the local touches in Zeno’s letter to
his brother at home, help us to realize the story
as personally related by the fisherman, and we
should have known much more about it if the
Italian editor had not changed the style “and
some of the old-fashioned words.†As it stands,
it appears to contain an account of Scotland by a
Fardese cast away there about the year 1370,
when his native islands had no connection with
the Sinclairs or anything Scottish. Four boats,
it appears, had set out in winter for the deep-sea
fishing, in which the Fardese used to row out
forty or fifty miles from land to sink their lines
for the cod and ling, or “the white fish,†as they
were generally called. In Sir Walter Scott’s
sketch of the ling fishery in Shetland he speaks
_ THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 199
of the danger and suffering which lend a dignity
to the trade. The banks are distant, and the
men are twenty or thirty hours away from home;
“and under unfavorable circumstances of wind
and tide they remain at sea fortwo or three days,
with a very small stock of provisions, in a boat of
a construction which seems extremely slender,
and are sometimes heard of no more.Չۉ۪ These
boats are the clinker-built “sixareens,†so called
from being pulled with six oars. ‘The boats men-
tioned by Zeno had crews of six men apiece.
They were caught by a storm on the fishing
banks and driven over the sea for many days,
and at last they saw lying to the westward the
island of Estotiland, distant, as the fishermen
thought, at least a thousand miles from their
home. ‘‘One of the boats was wrecked, and the
crew of six men were taken up into a fair and
populous city, where there was no one who could
understand their language out of all the king’s
interpreters, except one who spoke Latin.†He
had been wrecked on that coast himself, and he
seems to have been able to turn the Faréese dia-
lect into something which the courtiers could
understand. But the fisherman told Zeno that
he had seen Latin books in the royal library,
206 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
which none of the people were able to read.
They remained in that country for five years. It
seemed a little smaller than Iceland, fertile in
corn, and abounding in gold and other metals.
In the midst of it rose a high mountain range
from which four rivers came to water the coun-
try; and there were forests of immense extent.
The people seemed to be very intelligent, and as
well advanced in the arts as the Italians, or so
the Northern fishermen believed. They were
said to trade with ‘‘Greenland,’ by which we
may understand the North of Scandinavia, and to
bring back, in return for their own goods, furs
and brimstone and pitch. “They also make
beer,†added Zeno, ‘“‘which is a kind of drink that
the Northern peoples take as we take wine.â€
They knew how to build ships, and also how
to sail them, the latter being an art in which the
' Firéese were somewhat deficient; but we are
told that they had not the loadstone, nor the
needle which the Spaniards called “the messen-
ger between the stone and the star.†The com-
pass was used but sparingly at that time, except
in the Mediterranean waters, and it is somewhat
difficult to believe that the Faréese were familiar
with the instrument while their neighbors were
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. _ 201
ignorant of its use. The story goes, however,
that the castaways were able to show the advan-
tage of steering by the magnetic needle, and
were held in high estimation accordingly.
Up to this point there has been nothing in the
story that cannot be easily explained. But the
account of the fisherman’s later wanderings
among the polar cannibals, and of temples where
men were sacrificed and eaten by tribes living
further to the south, appears to be compounded
with fables about Scythian savages at least as old
as thetime of Adam of Bremen. Even in the six-
teenth century we find in serious works, such as
Albert Krantz’s history of the North and Paolo
Giovio’s description of Britain, foolish stories
about danger from cannibals, which can be traced
through Frisian legends to early mythological
Sagas, and perhaps may even be connected with
the legend of Polyphemus the Giant.
Immediately to the south of ‘‘Estotiland†was
a great and populous country, said to be very
rich in gold, which the fisherman left otherwise
undescribed. There was also a country called
“Drogio,†to be reached by a southward voyage;
but in its main extent, if the descriptions are
carefully considered, it stretched upward toward
202 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the Arctic Circle somewhere about the upper
provinces of Russia. The fisherman said that he
and his comrades were sent with a fleet of twelve
ships to Drogio; but when they arrived they
were taken up into the country, and most of
them were devoured by the savages. The sur-
vivors saved their lives by showing the natives
how to fish with nets. Every chieftain was anx-
ious to learn their “wonderful art,†and was
ready to make war on his neighbors upon the
chance of getting hold of the ingenious captives.
In the course of thirteen years the fisherman was
transferred in this way to at least five and twenty
masters, so that he got to know the whole coun-
try, which was very large, almost like a new
world. It was inhabited by naked savages, who
suffered cruelly from the cold. They lived by
hunting, but they had not any knowledge of
metals, and used wooden lances and rude bows
strung with strips of hide.
Far away from these squalid hyperboreans the
wanderers found a country with a temperate
climate, inhabited by nations of a more civilized
kind. The further one went toward the south-
west the more refinement was observed. “In
those parts,†said the fisherman, “they have some
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 203
knowledge and usage of gold and silver; and
they have cities, and temples where they offer
men in sacrifice and eat them afterward.â€
_ Now after many years this man determined to
make his way home, to the skerries and stacks
and whirling tides of Faroe, and the fisher boys
far out at sea with their songs of home,
And we must have labor and hunger and pain,
Ere we dance with the maids of Dunrossness again.
He pressed it upon the companions who had
wandered with him for so many years, but they
had given up all hopes and thoughts about
home; “and so they gave him God speed! and
stayed with the cannibals.†But he made his
escape through the forests and came upon the
road to Drogio, and found a friendly chieftain
who passed him on again till he came to some of
his old masters, and they sent him on from one
to another, and so after a long time and with
great toil he got back to Drogio itself, and there
abode for about three years.
One day the fisherman heard some of the
natives talking about strangers having arrived,
and he ran down to the port and found that
there were ships from Estotiland. None of the
saliors could talk the language of Drogio, so that
204 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
they were glad of his services as an interpreter;
and when they left he went with them, and
joined their trading venture. We are told that
in the end he became a rich man, and fitted out a
vessel of his own, and returned home to end his
days in peace. Sinclair, says Zeno, was resolved
to send out a fleet to explore these golden lands;
“but our great preparations for the voyage to
Estotiland were begun in an unlucky hour, for
exactly three days before our start the fisherman
died.â€
The whole story has been called the puzzle of
antiquarians. Some parts of it are clear enough,
but others can hardly be explained without
allowing that the editor wove in a few incidents
from the Spanish discoveries. But it seems obvi-
ous that the original story had nothing to do
with Vinland or any colony of Scandinavians sur-
viving there into the lifetime of Columbus. The
fisherman was thought to have died about fifty
years before Columbus was born, and the chil-
dren of the sailors from Estotiland, and of those
who went out to find the New World again, or
some of the very men themselves, would have
met the admiral when he visited the north.
This is what gives an interest to this ancient
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 205
- story of the sea. It seems highly probable that
Columbus actually visited the Faroe Isles, and in
that case we may be sure that he would touch at
the port of Thorshavn. He came upon places,
as he said to his son, where the tide rose “six
and twenty ells,†or about fifty feet according to
English measurement. There is no place which
seems to answer this description except that
rocky group where the flood-tide is caught and
entangled in deep clefts and channels and is
driven to a prodigious height. There are, of
course, high tides in the Severn, and on the coast
of Normandy; but Columbus was referring dis-
tinctly to the North Sea, as it stretches between
Norway and Iceland; and in that direction there
is no place to which his words could refer except
the stony and desolate rocks which were ruled
by Sinclair, the “Prince of Frisland.â€
CHAPTER XII.
“The sleader cocoa’s drooping crown of plumes.
The lightning flash of insect and of bird,
The luster of the long convolvuluses
That coiled around the stately stems, and ran
Even to the limit of the land, the glows
And glories of the broad belt of the world,
All these he saw.â€
AFTER his return from the north, Columbus
appears to have lived for some time at Porto
Sante. His fondness for the place is shown by
certain incidents in his later career, for we know
that he would go a little out of his course to
spend a few hours on his favorite island. Thus,
when starting on the Third Voyage, he went first
to Porto Santo, “and there he heard mass, and
gave orders to take in wood and water, and that
very same night he sailed away to Madeiraâ€; and
on another occasion he detached one of the ships
to visit the island “on a certain matter of pri-
vate business.â€
His son Diego said that he also resided for a
time at Madeira, and the same fact is mentioned
by Las Casas; and an old house at Funchal was
206
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 207
shown until lately as his home, though it is prob-
able that he only paid visits there to one of the
rich Flemish merchants. He was not concerned
with the trade of the rising colony, with the
fields of corn and cane, or the new vineyards
which travelers described as one of the wonders
of the world. He continued, no doubt, to deal
in maps and charts, but his real business in Ma-
deira was the collection of all kinds of informa-
tion that bore upon his intended enterprise.
Whenever the chance occurred he would go
out onasummer voyage. At one time he was
the guest of his brother-in-law, Correa, who had
been appointed to the captaincy of Graciosa, and
sailed about the archipelago of the Azores; and
on other occasions he visited the Portuguese fac-
tories in Morocco or at the mouth of Rio del
Ouro. As he enlarged the circle of his observa-
tions he advanced to more distant shores, among
the blacks on the River Senegal or with the pep-
per merchants in Malaguette or down along the
Gold Coast of Benin. He is even said to have
visited the islands of the torrid zone, and to have
approached the equator among the hills and for-
ests of St. Thomas. He had an early opportu-
nity of seeing the Canary Islands, for by a treaty
208 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
with Spain made about two years after his return
to Porto Santo the Portuguese were allowed to
- trade freely with the colonists, who were already
successful in sugar making, though in agriculture
they had terrible difficulties in contending with
the rabbits and crows. The Portuguese took in
their supplies at Grand Canary, and the busy fac-
tories of Ferro and Lanzarote; and fresh venison
for the sailors was occasionally procured at Gom-
era, where a wild population was ruled by “the
huntress Bovadilla.†Teneriffe and some others
of the “pagan islands†were still under the rule of
the Guanches.
We cannot be sure whether he visited the
Cape Verde Islands at this time, though he made
one or two allusions to their position in discuss-
ing the Carthaginian voyages. He described
them very carefully in his journal for 1498, and it
seems likely from the phrases employed that he
had not been there before. His way of playing
on the local names is what one would only ex-
pect from a stranger. ‘‘Cape Verde,†he says,
“is a fine name for a desert where nothing green
could be found,†as if he had forgotten that they
were only named after the green cape on the
African coast a hundred leagues away. When he
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 209
came to Bona Vista, where lepers were sent to be
cured by catching and eating turtles, “for so
wretchedly,†he adds, “do these sick men live,
without any other employment or sustenance,â€
he plays on the meaning of the word again.
“Very far from the truth is this name, for it
betokens a lovely view, whereas it is a dull and
wretched place, dry and barren, with never a tree
ora spring.†He was evidently not familiar with
Santiago, the principal settlement in the islands,
for we may suppose that his description would
have been more discriminating if he had been
there on several occasions. The weather being
bad when he arrived in 1498, he complains of
“never seeing the sky or the stars,†and says that
“there was always a thick hot fog, so that three-
fourths of the inhabitants were ill.’ On arriving
a day or two afterward at the burning island of
Fogo, he notes, as if the sight were quite strange
to him, that “it looks from a distance like a great
church with a steeple at the east end, and from
the vast high rock there usually breaks out fire
before the east winds blow, and this may be seen
at Teneriffe, and at Volcano and Mount Etna.â€
Now when he spoke to the sailors on the First
Voyage about the eruption of Teneriffe, he made
210 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
no mention of this burning island, though he
would almost certainly have added it to his list if
he had been in these parts before.
We hear much more of what he learned during
his visits to the Azores. When he was at Flores
the settlers told him that they had seen two
drowned men in the sea with very broad faces,
and “differing in aspect from Christiansâ€; but
there was nothing, of course, to show that these
were not the bodies of Canarians from Ferro or
Gomera. Again at Cape Verga he was told that
they had seen boats drifting, as if they had been
lost in a storm when crossing about between
some of the. distant islands; and they said that
these boats were just like the African “dugoutâ€
canoes, which were called ‘‘almadias†by the
Moors. All these circumstances seemed to fit
in with the classical tradition, so often repeated
in various forms, that certain Indians had been
driven ashore in Germany, and had been sent as
a gift to Metellus, the pro-consul in Gaul. The
wanderings of these “Indians†had soon been
found to have nothing to do with the countries
beyond the Atlantic, though the story received a
new importance when the English began to make
plans for discovering the Northeast Passage.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 211
Columbus seems to have approved the inferences
drawn from finding the boats and corpses; but
he attached more importance to the statement
that large pine trees of an unknown species had
been cast on shore in Correa’s territory and in
the neighboring island of Fayal; and his reason-
ing was shown to be correct when he came upon
extensive pine forests on the coasts of Cuba and
Hispaniola. Antonio Leme, the son of a Flem-
ing settled in Madeira, told the admiral besides,
that he had sailed out for a long way in his own
ship, and had seen three unknown islands; and
several captains of ships trading with the Azores
confirmed the story, repeating the talk of the
people at Gomera about seeing these countries
every year; “and this they looked upon as most
certain, and many persons of reputation swore
that it was true.†Columbus paid little atten-
tion to them, because he found that they had
certainly not been one hundred leagues from land.
’ They had been deceived, he thought, by meeting
with isolated rocks, or masses of weed, or perhaps
they had seen the burning mountains of the
northern ocean, or those flitting islands in the
south, which, according to the poet Juventius,
“skimmed along upon the surface of the sea.â€
212 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
But whether their eyes had been cheated by sun-
set clouds, or the mirage of the Fata Morgana, or
whether these were only the echoes of old tradi-
tions about the land that could never be ap-
proached, the admiral would have none of them.
“If Antonio Leme saw anything, it must have
been one of St. Brandan’s isles, where as all the
world knows many wonderful things are seen.â€
We find a considerable number of references to
his various African voyages. There was at one
time some uncertainty as to the date when his
visits to the West Coast began, and Don Ferdi-
nand himself was not quite sure whether his
father went. there while his wife was alive, al-
though (to use his own phrase) “the reason of the
case seems to require it.†But there can in real-
ity be little doubt about the matter. Donna Phi-
lippa did not die much before the end of 1484,
nearly two years after the admiral came home
from the building of Fort St. George; and it is |
known that he never had any opportunity of vis-
iting the African coast again.
The admiral often referred in his letters and
journals to his experiences in Senegambia and
Guinea, more especially when he was describing
the customs of the natives and the aspects of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 213
nature in the new countries which he had found
beyond the Atlantic. In Cuba, for instance,
when he gave orders to capture some of the In-
dians, he speaks in his journal of the detention
of five young men and of the seizure of seven
women and three children in a house near the
shore. ‘I intend;†he writes, “to take them with
us, in the hope that my Indians will behave all
the better in Spain if their countrywomen are
with them; but it has very often happened that
on taking men home from Guinea to teach them
Portuguese, when they were brought back and
one expected to get some advantage in their
country in return for our favors and gifts, they
ran away at once as soon as they touched land
and were never seen again.†Some of them, he
added, did not act in this fashion, but this was
because they had their wives on board; “and so
these Indians, if the women are with them, will
do what they are told, and the women can teach
their language to our wives in Spain.†In a later
entry he adds: ‘‘This evening the husband of
one of the women has arrived and asks leave to
go with the rest. They seem to be related
to each other, and now they are all consoled.â€
In talking of the West Indian dialects he
214 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
noticed that the people of the different islands
all seemed to understand each other, which was
natural enough, because they were always cross-
ing and recrossing in their canoes. ‘“‘It is not
like Guinea,†he says, “where there are a thou-
sand languages, and each of them is only under-
stood by the people of a particular neighbor-
hood.†He seems, however, to have spoken a
little too generally about this uniformity of
speech, even as regards the single island of His-
paniola. When the Spaniards were building
their fort in a region called Maroris, Columbus
sent the anchorite Romano Pane to do mission
work there, and desired him to learn the lan-
guage. But on going further up the country it
was found that the people of Maroris had a dia-
lect peculiar to themselves. The missionary was
therefore told to reside in the territory of the
chieftain Guarionex, whose language was every-
where understood. “Oh, my lord,†said the
anchorite, as he afterward told the story, “why
will you have me go to live with Guarionex when
I know no language but this of Maroris?†He
begged for an interpreter who could use both
tongues, and Columbus said that he might take.
anyone that he might choose, and he chose one
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 215
John Matthews, ‘‘the best of the Indians,†who
was the first native baptized in Hispaniola. An-
other difference of language was observed near
the Gulf of Samana, where the admiral’s interpre-
ters could hardly make themselves understood in
talking with the Ciguayo warriors.
In his descriptions of the physical appearance
of the natives, Columbus several times referred to
the black skins and woolly hair of the African
negro. The West Indians in his opinion were
not unlike the natives of the Canaries, being sal-
low or of a bright olive complexion, very tall,
and with high compressed foreheads; and they
had coarse black hair cut short about their ears
in some places, after the fashion of the Spanish
soldiers; they elsewhere wore it loose, or twisted
in a network of parrots’ feathers, “and their long
locks were hanging down as the women wear
theirs in Spain.†‘‘They are not black skinned
like the men in Guinea,†says Columbus, ‘‘and
their hair is long; but it does not grow like that
where the rays of the sun are fierce.â€
When he wrote to Ferdinand and Isabella
about the excellence of the West Indian harbors,
he declared that he had never seen anything like
them for size, though he had been in all parts of
216 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Guinea. The term, as he used it, takes in the
western shores of Africa from the Senegal to
Cape Coast Castle, including the Grain Coast of
Malaguette, the Ivory Coast, and the Gold Coast
near Ashantee, to which the name of Guinea was
afterward exclusively applied.
He recognized in the New World many of the
natural products which he had met with in
Africa, such as palm trees of various kinds, the
mangroves in the swamps, the large pearl oysters,
and the oceanic birds whose habits he had ob-
served in the tropical seas. When he saw the
natives planting the yams, out of which they got
meal for their chestnut-flavored cakes, the ad-
miral said that he had seen the same roots grow-
ing in Guinea, and described the proper method
of setting the tendrils; but he added that he had
never seen any so large as those in the West
Indies, where they sometimes grew to the size of
a man’s leg.
In the account of his first expedition there is
an anecdote of a visit to Malaguette, where the
Portuguese got the aromatic pepper called Grains
of Paradise. Before the Indian pepper came into
common use this spice was very highly prized,
and the merchants made frequent voyages to
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 217
obtain it from the desolate and dangerous coast
between Mesurado and Cape Palmas, on that
part of the continent where the curve of its
shoulder bends eastward. Columbus considered
that the cayenne pepper and red and green cap-
sicums of Hispaniola were worth far more, either
than the spice from the Indian pepper vine or
the fragrant grains of Malaguette. One day he
was exploring by the Rio d’Oro in the same
island, where he had found gold and very lus-
trous ore, and when he came home he said that
he had seen three mermaids, lifting themselves
high out of the water; ‘‘but they were not so
like fair ladies,†he said, “as some people might
suppose,†and he told the sailors that he had
seen others like them in Guinea, when he was off
the coast of Malaguette. There was an officer at
the Spanish court in his time who declared that
he had seen a merman, with a bluish skin and
bristly. beard and hands like fishes’ fins, and that
it had been brought over from Morocco, pre-
served in a cask of honey; and two great schol-
ars of the next generation, George of Trebizond -
and Theodore Gaza, averred that they had seen
similar ‘‘tritons†in the Mediterranean. These
may have been specimens of the sea wolf or
218 _ THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
monk seal, well known to the Portuguese; but
the animals seen by Columbus were evidently
manatees, which are fond of haunting the shores
near a river’s mouth; the sailors call them “sea
cows†and say that when they lift their heads
and breasts they have a very human appearance.
Columbus made his last voyage to Guinea soon
after “John the Perfect†had come to the throne
of Portugal. The factory at Saama, where the
ivory and gold dust was collected, was in a very
unprotected condition, and information had been
received about an impending invasion. The
Duke of Medina Sidonia was lord of a maritime
province; ‘and it was said that he was gathering a
fleet fora raid upon Guinea. Other ships were
being fitted out in England with the same object,
and it was suspected that Edward the Fourth
was secretly encouraging the adventure. The
duke, as Columbus afterward discovered, was
never of a stable mind, so that his project was
soon abandoned; and it was not difficult to per-
suade the English king to prohibit his subjects
from trading within the conquests of Portugal.
King John determined to protect himself by
erecting a permanent fortress. There is still a
forlorn and broken castle at Elmina in the Dutch
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 219
colony, a few miles from our Cape Coast settle-
ment; and this is all that remains of the fort of
St. George of the Goldmine. The king was
helped in his plans by a fortunate discovery.
Martin Behaim succeeded in the year 1481 in im-
proving the astrolabe into a rude but useful sex-
tant; and it now became easy to ascertain the
latitude, and the course of a ship far from land,
by taking the altitude of the sun. The Portu-
guese fleet started on the 11th of December in that
same year. It consisted of ten caravels, and two
ships of burden laden with stone, bricks, and tim-
ber work, all ready for immediate use. Colum-
bus was in command of one of the caravels.
Pedro Noronhas, his wife’s uncle, was one of the
king's most trusted ministers, and Columbus
may have gained some advantage from the fam-
ily connection. We know that he made the voy-
age, because the king once reminded him of his
duty as asea captain in the Portuguese service,
and because Columbus himself stated more than
once that he had been at Fort St. George; but
he had, in fact, no opportunity of going there,
except on this occasion.
The fleet was under the command of an ad-
miral named Azumbaja. He put in first at a
220 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
harbor near Cape Verde, where he had business
with one of the negro kings, being commissioned
to present him with certain horses and hawks,
and to obtain his assent to atreaty. After leav-
ing this country, they sailed on round the shoul-
der of Africa, along the Ivory Coast, and on the
Igth of January, 1482, arrived at the hilly shore
beyond the Cape of the Three Points, where it
was intended to build the castle. In the bay
they found a Portuguese merchantman, and the
captain, who could speak the native language,
was at once engaged as interpreter.
The presents for Caramansa, as the king of
that country was called, were sent on shore at
once, and an appointment was made for a state
reception on the following morning. The Portu-
guese writers are fond of describing the scene.
Azumbaja walked first in scarlet and brocade;
and his captains followed in splendid cloaks and
tunics, wearing their golden collars, and taking
care to hide their cuirasses with abundance of
silks and ribbons. Columbus, as we know, was
not averse from a little display; and one may be
sure that he wore his fine red coat and a necklet
of amber or Indian stones. The first ceremony
consisted in unfurling the banner of Portugal,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 221
which was displayed from the top of a tall tree
upon the hillside. Under the tree an altar was
consecrated by the priest, and a mass was cele-
brated for the repose of the soul of Prince
Henry. Mr. Major, in his work on the Prince’s
life, has quoted a striking description of the sub-
sequent meeting with Caramansa. Surrounded
by his guards, armed with lances and assegais,
and scantily clothed with monkey fur and strips
of palm leaf, the black king sat in state; “‘his
arms and legs were adorned with bracelets and
rings of gold, and round his neck was a collar
with small bells, and some sprigs of gold were
twisted into his beard, so that the curls were
straightened by the weight.†The treaty was
soon concluded, and the fortress was built within
twenty days after the landing. Azumbaja re-
mained in charge of the garrison, and the cara-
vels were sent home with rich cargoes of gold
and ivory. The merchant vessels, however, were
broken up according to the king’s orders, so that
a report might be spread of their destruction in
the whirlpools of the Ethiopian Sea. The king’s
plan was to make it appear that the navigation
was only safe for the caravels of the royal navy.
It happened one day when his courtiers were dis-
-222 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
cussing the matter that a commander of great
experience, who did not know of this scheme,
offered to make the ‘Ethiopian voyage†himself,
in any kind of vessel. The king broke in
angrily, and said that the attempt had often been
made before, and had always failed. “The man
must be a rascal,†he said, ‘‘and it is only worth-
less loons like this who boast that they can do
everything, though they do little enough when
the time comes.†The Portuguese historians tell
us another story to show how fiercely the king
defended his secret. A merchant captain and
two sailors, who had often been to La Mina, got
across the. borders of Portugal into Castile, and
seemed likely to reveal to the Spaniards the in-
formation which every government in Europe
was eager to acquire. King John sent certain
messengers after them, to catch them and to
bring them back; but the pursuers killed two of
them, because it was difficult to kidnap so many
at once, and brought home only one of the de-
serters. The king made an example of the
prisener by sawing him into four pieces; and he
hoped that this would show that in no part of
the world would his enemies be safe from his
yengeance, When Columbus escaped into Cas.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 223
tile he also was in some danger of being kid-
napped or murdered; but when the Portuguese
king wished him to return to Lisbon he was
offered a safe conduct and an indemnity against
a criminal prosecution. Nevertheless, again and
again the dangerous secret of St. George’s Fort
was likely to prove his ruin, and as often as he
came near the Portuguese dominions he walked
in peril of his life.
CHAPTER XIII.
“ A brighter Hellas rears her mountains
From waves serener far,
A new Peneus rolls his fountains
Against the morning star :
Where fairer Tempes bloom, there sleep
Young Cyclads on a sunnier deep.
A loftier Argo cleaves the main,
Fraught with a later prize:
Another Orpheus sings again,
And loves and weeps and dies.â€
Soon after his return from Guinea Columbus
began to press his schemes upon the King of
Portugal, who was willing at first to help him;
but when his proposals were referred to the
Council it was found that they involved a larger
question, and the real debate seems to have
turned upon the suggestion that Portugal should
abandon the explorations of Africa in favor of a
vague search for the lands described by Marco
Polo. It was inevitable that the Council should
refuse to forsake the glorious policy of Prince
Henry. The king adopted their decision. He
endeavored, indeed, to gain a somewhat ungener-
224
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 225
ous advantage by sending out three caravels from
the Cape Verde Islands upon the route which
Columbus had laid down; but the ships returned
with the report that no land could be seen after
a voyage of several days to the westward.
About the end of 1484 Columbus escaped into
Spairi. There is much obscurity about his sub-
sequent journey. It seems probable that he
made for Huelva, the home of his sister-in-law,
Donna Muliar; and the better opinion seems to
be that it was on this occasion that he first vis-
ited the monastery of La Rabida. We hear ofa
visit to Genoa; and there are traditions of his
having propounded his plans to the Signoria of
his native city, and afterward to the Government
of Venice. It is certain that he returned to
Spain before the end of 1485, since his journal
for 1493 distinctly states that on the next 20th
of January he would have been exactly seven
years in the service of the Catholic kings.
When he first began to attend the Court at
Cordova he formed an attachment for Donna
Beatrix Enriquez, a lady of good family, con-
nected with the great house of Arana. She was
the mother of his son Ferdinand, who is known
to have been born in 1488. But though Don
426 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS,
Ferdinand was scrupulously treated on the samé
footing as Don Diego, the elder son, it remains
very doubtful whether his parents were lawfully
married. It is possible that some legal impedi-
ment or flaw may have been discovered which
rendered the union invalid; and in any event it
is certain that Columbus was separated from
Donna Beatrix after his return from the discov-
ery of the West Indies, although up to that time
she had been in charge of both his sons at Cor-
dova.
In 1489 Columbus served in the campaign in
which the city of Baza was captured from the
Moors. During the next two years he lived at
Seville, near the bridge upon the Guadalquivir,
where he kept a small bookseller’s shop, and sold
charts and maps and a little treatise which he
had written upon the practice of navigation.
About this time a conference of learned men
was summoned to Salamanca to consider the
truth of his theories and the actual value of his
proposals; and in the winter of 1491 they re-
ported against the whole scheme. This brought
the matter to a point. The refusal of the Dukes
of Medina Sidonia and Medina Celi to undertake
so vast a task, too heavy as it seemed for the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS, 227
sovereigns of Arragon and Castile, fixed Colum-
bus in his resolution to abandon Spain forever.
It was natural that Queen Isabella should at that
moment be regretting her decision; and a mes-
sage from the Prior of La Rabida, to whom Colum-
bus had confided his plans, determined her at all
hazards to accept the offers that she had refused.
Columbus rode back to the camp at Santa Fé,
where a strong town had been built on land
taken from the Moors in face of their beleaguered
palaces. He was promised all the high offices
and allowances which had seemed before too
great for a subject to hold. It was arranged that
he should have one-eighth of the profits in con-
sideration of finding a like share of the expense;
the town of Palos was ordered to find the ships
and crews. After many delays and much resist-
ance Columbus and his friends, two rich ship-
builders called Martin and Vincente Pinzon,
procured and equipped the fleet of three ships by
which the New World was found. The Santa
Maria, a fine caravel, sailed with Columbus him-
self on board; the Punta, the swiftest of the
three, was under the elder Pinzon; and the
Nina, a small but roomy vessel, which after-
ward became the admiral’s own favorite, started
228 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
on this occasion under Vincente Pinzon’s com-
mand.
Columbus never failed to remind the Catholic
kings that his whole undertaking was intended
to be but an episode in a vast crusade. In
Europe they had closed the war against the infi-
dels when their banners were displayed on the
Alhambra and the Moorish king had kissed
hands at the gate of Granada. The time had
now come to carry those banners into the East
and to bring light and hope to the countless
nations of Cathay. The Great Khan and his
ancestors had pleaded at Rome for instruction;
but the nations were sunk in idolatry and went
after the “sects of perdition.†“Your High-
nesses,†he wrote, “as enemies of the following
of Mohammed have thought fit to send me to see
those princes and peoples, and to judge of their
present state and the proper way to convert
them.†He was firmly convinced that he wasa
divinely appointed messenger to find and reveal
“new heavens and a new earth,†and all the treas-
ures of the islands that were awaiting the ships
of Tarshish; and he was assured that within an
appointed term he would see again the wealth
of Ophir and Sheba, and bring gold by
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 229
the thousands of quintals to aid in a holy
war.
The journals of his first voyage are full of the
indications of this belief. On the night of
August 24, 1492, when sailing between the
Grand Canary and Gomera, he saw the first of
the signs and wonders which marked the course
of his enterprise. He was passing close under
Teneriffe, a volcano that had slept for centuries,
when the fire suddenly ‘‘gushed out†from a
ridge below the cone of the Peak, and they
passed back under a flaring sky to the port where
he had intended to procure a new caravel in
place of the Pita. But now he would have no
delay; and when he learned that the ship which
he meant to impress had sailed off with the Lady
of Gomera he took it lightly, and ‘‘made the best
of what had happened.†He affirmed that since
it had pleased Heaven that he should not find
the caravel, it was, perhaps, because he would
have lost much time about its seizure and the
changing of cargoes. There must be no further
hindrance; and he determined to stay where he
was, and to shift with making a new rudder for
the Pinta and cutting down the sajle of the Mina
toa proper shape. The admiral left Gomera o..
336 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the 6th of September, and this, says Don Ferdi-
nand, may be accounted the first setting out upon
the voyage in the ocean. On the gth they lost
sight of Ferro, ‘‘the furthest Christian land,†and
there were many tears and groans from those who
believed that they would never see home again.
For a few days they had to make head against
a contrary current; but on the night of the 13th
strange signs began to be seen. They had
reached a ‘‘magnetic line of no deviation,†a hun-
dred leagues west of the Azores, and there was
at once ‘‘a great change in the sky and the stars, —
the air, and the waters of the sea.†The com-
pass needle had been pointing northeast and sud-
denly turned a whole quarter of the card to the
northwest, and remained nearly at that point
through the night. The admiral was still more
amazed soon afterward to see the needle pointing
northeast at night and straight for the pole star
at dawn. The stone was not true to the star, or
the star, as the admiral said, was wheeling ina
broad circle round the pole. The pilots and
crews were alarmed, being in such a_ strange
region and so far from land, and were hardly
pacified by the admiral’s theories on a matter
beyond the scope of his science.
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 231
At this point they were within the drift of the
great ‘‘Fucus bank’; it seemed as if they had
returned to the weedy shores of Spain, for all the
sea was covered with the orange Sargasso plant,
shaped like pine branches and covered with ber-
ries like those on the mastic tree. “It was so
thick,†said the admiral, “that I thought it was a
reef, and that the ships must run aground, where-
as until I reached this line I saw not a single
branch.†There were also bright green leaves -
floating a few feet down, which looked like rock
weeds from some neighboring island, but Colum-
bus said that by his calculation the mainland
must be a long way off. “I also observed,†he
added, “that at this point the sea was very
smooth, and that though the wind was rough,
the ships did not roll at all.’ They were borne
along on an oceanic current “‘as calm as the river
at Seville,†but the sailors were alarmed at seeing
nothing but the sky and the water, and looked
anxiously for tokens of land. On the evening of
the 15th they saw a meteor fall “like a marvelous
branch of fire,†and within a few hours they
_ came into a region of balmy air and blue skies,
‘Vike Andalusia in April, if only the nightingales
were singing.â€
533 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
“There are signs coming out of the west,â€
Columbus writes in his journal, “where, I hope,
He in whose hands is victory will bring us
soon to land.†A swimming crab was caught in
a bunch of weed, and the crew of the Mina
speared a spotted tunny out of a shoal playing
round the ship. Some of the others caught a
tern, of the kind that haunts the mouths of
rivers. A white tropic bird was seen wheeling
aloft, and a day or two afterward there were
“boobies,†looking like pelicans, flying straight
out over the water, as if they were going out to
fish or were making for home. When there were
two or three of them together it was a sure sign
that they were in their proper ground and not
blown out to sea by accident; and the sailors
who had been in Africa said that none of these
large birds slept on the water, or were found
more than one hundred miles from land. On the
20th they caught a tern, and two or three song
birds came to the ship about dawn, and flew
away at sunrise. It seemed ‘as if they must have
islands to the north and south of their course,
but the admiral was firm in pushing on toward the
Indies. ‘“‘The weather is fine and, if it please
God, we shall see it all on our way home.â€
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 233
On the 21st they sailed again into a floating
weed bank. A vast sea meadow seemed to
stretch away as far as the horizon. The sea was
held by the yellow fondage, ‘“‘as when its whole
surface is caught in the ice’; and the sailors
caught up the notion, and talked about the freez-
ing seas where St. Amaro will not allow a ship to
stir forward or back. Thena fine breeze sprang
up and blew the weed away, the sea began to run
smooth like a river, and a whale was seen spout-
ing and this was another sign of land. Next day
a flock of petrels flitted about the stern of the
admiral’s ship, bringing bad weather, as sailors
say. The wind shifted, and blew against their
course, and this, says Columbus, was “ absolutely
necessary for me, because the crews had been in
a great excitement at the idea that there were no
winds here that could take a ship back to Spain.â€
But the sailors still grumbled at the breeze; it
was only a “‘cat’s paw,†or a little flicker of wind,
and if it was too weak to raise the sea it would
never be strong enough to carry them home.â€
The water was moving in a slow stream, with
weed hanging round; there were little cray fishes
creeping about its bunches and strings, and a
booby and some white sea birds fishing, and some
234 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
of the men saw a reed sparrow and a turtle dove.
Suddenly the sea rose, though there was no
longer a breath of wind, and rolled so high that
they were all amazed. “This great sea,†the
admiral repeated, “was quite necessary for me;
but such a thing has never happened before, ex-
cept when Pharaoh went forth after Moses, who
delivered the Hebrews from bondage.â€
Next day, said the journal, they spied another
booby flying out, and several small birds coming
from the west, and tunny fishes, “whereof the
men of the Prxta and Nina stuck some with
harping irons, because they would not bite at the
hook.†Columbus now signaled to Pinzon to
bring the Pzxta alongside, and to give back the
copy of Toscanelli’s map, which he had borrowed
three days before. Pinzon came up accordingly,
and said that the map showed islands there-
abouts. The admiral replied that he thought the
map was right, but that the current had been
thrusting them away from the islands, and they
had possibly not gone so far as the pilots made
out; and when Pinzon had put the map intoa
case and heaved it to the admiral on a line,
Columbus and the pilot Juan de la Cosa, and
some of the sailors near them, began to stoop
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 235
over the map and point their fingers to the
islands. Pinzon was watching the sunset from
the poop of his caravel, when all in a moment he
leaped in the air and shouted, ‘Good news, good
cheer, Lord Admiral! Land ho! and good luck
to the news!†His hand. pointed to a dark
smear on the sky line which loomed like distant
land. Columbus fell on his knees in prayer.
Pinzon led off a Gloria in Excelsts which was
taken up by both the crews, and they could see
the men of the Mzxa climbing her masts and
crowding out in the rigging. But by noon next
day they knew that they had been deceived by a
sunset cloud.
Now came tokens of a new kind. On the 27th
several doradoes were harpooned. Two days
after that they saw a frigate bird chasing some
boobies, and the sight reminded them of the
world behind, for some of them remembered the
same thing in the Cape Verde Islands. The
tropic birds and boobies were gathered in little
flocks and companies. A shoal of “emperor fishâ€
passed by, very brilliantly colored, “but with a
hard skin, and not fit to eat.†But however
much the admiral attended to these signs he still
more carefully watched the deviation of the
236 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
needle and the movements of the stars round the
pole, and he was confirmed in his belief that
the load star moved in a wide circle, but the com-
pass was always true.
There was heavy rain on the Ist of October, and
Juan de la Cosa came up and announced in a
dolorous voice that they were now five hundred
and seventy-eight leagues from Ferro. The ad-
miral had learnt by watching the water and the
sand glass that their run was about five hundred
miles further than the pilot supposed; but he
winked, we are told, at this mistake, “that the
men might not feel quite dejected at being so far
from home.†The sailors were now almost ripe
for a mutiny. They muttered at their leader’s
foolish fancies; he wanted to bea lord at their
expense, while he was but a foreigner, hated at
court and despised by all the wise and learned.
Some said that the best plan would be to throw
him overboard, and to say that he lost his foot-
ing when he was taking an altitude. “It pleased
Heaven,†says the biographer, ‘‘to send fresh
signs.†Birds and fishes came round the ships,
and the sea went in a smooth stream again,
for which Columbus rendered “infinite praise.â€
There. was a great quantity of weed, some of it
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 237
with green leaves and berries and some all with-
ered and going to powder. No less than forty
petrels were playing about the admiral’s ship;
“but, thanks be to God,†he writes, “the sea is
still running like a river,†and he compares it
more than once to the calm waters of the Guadal-
quivir below the bridge at Seville. The flying
fish were now beginning to be seen. A modern
traveler says in describing them that “the first
little fish may be mistaken for a dragon fly, and
99 66
the next for a plover,†“and their flight is almost
exactly like that of a quail or partridge.†Co-
’
lumbus called them “water swallows,†and said
that they were about a span long, with little
wings like a bat; ‘‘they fly about the height of a
pike and for a musket-shot in length, more or less,
and sometimes they drop into the ship.â€
On the night of the 6th of October Pinzon
brought the Prxta alongside, and proposed to
turn toward the southwest. He may have
thought that they were near the rich island of
Cipango. Columbus still thought it best to
make straight for the mainland of Cathay; but
he consented to change their course on seeing a
large flock of birds flying to the southwest, and
either making for their home or beginning a win-
238 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ter migration. The air now became as balmy as
the gardens round Seville in springtime. Twelve
birds with bright plumage were singing and flut-
tering about the mast; there were daws and _
ducks flying to the south, and all night long they
heard the flocks of birds whistling and crying
overhead. The men were so sick of delay that
none of these things. would comfort them. Day
and night they complained, and the admiral
argued and threatened. “Be it right or wrong,â€
he said, “and tokens or no tokens, they had to go
on with the Indian voyage by order of the Catho-
lic kings.â€
Then they suddenly changed their minds.
There were green rushes floating, and the men
on the Mina saw a dog-rose briar covered with
bloom, and a little stick with curious carving.
Now they were all racing to earn the reward for
the man who should first see land. On the even-
ing of the 11th of October, after the Salve Re-
gina had been sung, Columbus said that he would
add a velvet coat asa special prize of his own.
Looking-out from the poop cabin about ten
o'clock, he thought that he saw a light moving
up and down and vanishing sometimes, as if a
torch were being carried about ina village. He
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 239
called others to look at it, but they could not be
quite sure about the matter. About two o’clock
in the morning the Pinta fired a gun. The coast
had been seen about two leagues off by a sailor
called Roderigo de Triana. “Being now arrived
the ships all lay by, and it seemed a long time
before the morning came.†The New World was
found, and the reward was afterward adjudged to
Columbus, “because he had been the first to see
light in the midst of the darkness.â€
CHAPTER XIV.
“A fleet of glass,
That seemed a fleet of jewels under me,
Sailing along before a gloomy cloud
That not one moment ceased to thunder, passed
In sunshine; right across its track there lay
Down in the water a long reef of gold,
Or what seemed gold.â€
WHEN the dawn broke they saw that they
were fronting “a little island of the Lucayos,â€
flat and tufted with high towering trees. They
had reached the archipelago of the Bahamas, and
they hoped and believed that they were in In-
dian waters and already among the Golden Cycla-
des. About two leagues off lay a rich-looking
coast, with a white sandy line of beach, and here
they determined to land and enter into posses-
sion. When the boats were hauled ashore the
admiral knelt and kissed the sand, and gave
thanks with tears. The royal standard was un-
furled, the cross was set up and the banners
raised; the name of San Salvador was given to
the island, and Columbus formally assumed the
offices of viceroy and governor. When they
240
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 241
looked round they must have felt bewildered,
like men in a dream. The forest stood like a
wall round the blue curve of the bay, with its
masses of metallic green or the soft and liquid
color of the acanthus, silvery or golden or gleam-
‘
ing with blue and topaz, ‘‘ever changing,†to use
Kingsley’s words, ‘‘and iridescent like a peacock’s
neck.†There were strange naked people grovel-
ing and crawling, or pointing to the armed and
bearded Spaniards and their three ships, and then
to the sky and the sun. After a time a crowd of
them came round and tried to talk with the inter-
preters. They were the warriors of the Isle of
Guanahani, having only one woman with them.
Some had their faces smeared with a blood-red
stain, others were striped and checkered or plas-
tered with a chalky white; one had his nose
painted, another had bright rings round his eyes,
and they all looked like ‘‘madmen or clowns.â€
Their skins, where the natural color could be
seen, were neither white nor black, but somewhat
of an olive color, like the complexions of the
natives in Gomera or the faces of sunburned
laborers in Spain. They were tall and well-
shaped, and with good features, except that their
foreheads had been squeezed too high, ‘‘which
242 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
made them look rather wild.†Most of them
had gray eyes, with specks of blue or brown
about the iris. Their hands were small, with
polished nails, and when they began to laugh and
talk their teeth were as white as ivory. Their
thick black hair was cropped and worn in a
straight fringe above the eyebrows; “some few
let it grow down about their shoulders, and held
it back with a string, as women tie back their
tresses.†They carried bundles of darts made
out of the stems of reeds or canes, and tipped
with spikes of hard wood or sharks’ teeth and
thornbacks’ spines. Before the Spaniards re-
turned to their boats the admiral distributed a
few red caps and strings of beads among them.
A crowd now followed them to the water’s edge
and swam out to the ships, carrying all their
treasures to exchange for memorials of the white
men who had sailed from a land beyond the sun.
They had parrots and reed darts and large balls
of cotton; and they possessed a greater treasure
than all the rest in the dried tobacco leaves,
which the Spaniards did not know how to use.
“The Indians,†they said, “value these dry leaves
as being sweet-scented and wholesome, and use
them as a sort of incense for perfuming them-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 243
selves.†Next day the bargaining went on again,
the Indians clustering round the ships in their dug-
out canoes, which turned out after all to be very
like the African ‘“‘almadias.†They seemed very
poor, Columbus said, but they had plenty of
spun cotton, and would give it by hundred-
weights for scraps of broken pottery or a Portu-
guese half-farthing. One or two, however, had
little plates of gold hanging to their nose rings,
and being asked where they got them they
showed by signs that it was “toward the south,â€
and told of a king there who had great pieces
and platters of gold. On the 14th the admiral
completed the circuit of the island. Like most
of the Bahamas, it was girt in on almost all sides
by coral rocks; but the reef in one part opened
into a harbor “which would have held all the
navies of Christendom.†On going in with the
longboat he found several houses, and captured
some of the natives to act as interpreters. There
were lovelier gardens than he had ever seen
before, with water rippling in a green shade and
trees with fresher foliage than the cork woods of
Castile in May.
On setting sail again they saw a multitude of
other islands, and the Indian guides were able to
244 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
repeat the names of more than a hundred of
those in sight, all flat and fertile, as they re-
ported, and all of them thickly inhabited. The
Indians said that in the nearest, which seemed
much closer than it was in that clear atmosphere,
the chiefs wore bangles and bracelets of gold,
When the Spaniards arrived there about sunset
they found nothing but naked Indians again, but
Columbus landed and took possession, and gave
it the name of Santa Maria de la Concepcion.
A larger island stood a few leagues off toward
’ the western horizon, and it was here, as the
guides explained, that the people wore bracelets
and bangles, and golden necklaces and earrings.
Columbus named this country Fernandina, and
determined to explore it thoroughly in hopes of
finding a gold mine, but he was once more disap-
pointed, and was told that he would find it in
“Saometo,†which he afterward called “Isabellaâ€
in honor of the queen. In Fernandina the peo-
ple were somewhat more civilized, and they
seemed to be sharper than the other Indians at a
bargain. The women wore cotton mantillas and
aprons. There were villages with ten or twelve
houses together, tent-shaped, with air shafts
standing out from the roofs. Inside were slung
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 245
hammocks covered with cotton rugs. There
were dogs kept for food and for hunting the rab-
bit-like agoutis; but the Spaniards saw nothing
alive in the maize fields, except parrots and liz-
ards and a snake found by one of the ship boys.
Columbus took many notes about the fauna and
flora, as the place seemed suitable for a colony.
What struck him most was the marvelous entan-
glement of the bush and the abundance of creep-
ers and parasitic plants. Out of the trunk of one
forest tree grew branches of other kinds, orchids
and creepers, a pine growing on the bough like a
mistletoe, ‘“‘one branch like a reed and the next
like a mastic bush,†and yet there was no sign of
grafting; and indeed the natives had no feelings
about these astonishing sights, and apparently no
reverence for anything; and this might make it
easier to convert them, since they showed no lack
of intelligence.
The admiral describes one of his walks in the
forest. The verdure of the foliage reminded him
of the gardens round Granada, but the trees
themselves, the fruit, the grass, the very stones,
were as different from anything in Europe as the
day from the night. It is true that there were
mastic trees and others that reminded him of the
246 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
woods in Castile, but one could always see the
difference. The sea round Fernandina was full
of life. There were whales spouting in the bay.
The natives caught all sorts of sea birds, and
land crabs, and fishes of many strange kinds.
These fish were of the strangest shapes and
painted in most fantastic colors—pink and silver,
or scarlet, or striped like a zebra. There were
“yellow fins†and “hog fish,†and the parrot fish,
and “sea cocks†of a silvery red, “shaped just
like Chanticleer†and with all his brilliant color-
ing. “There is no one, I am sure,†said the ad-
miral, “who would not be amazed and delighted
at seeing them.â€
After a while the flotilla made for Saometo.
This was the finest place which they had yet
seen, with a bold cape and swelling hills covered
with groups of enormous trees. ‘‘It is all so
fine,†wrote the admiral, “that I do not know
where to begin. My eyes are never tired of
looking at the green foliage, so different in its
colors from ours at home. I expect that trees
and plants grow here which are of a high price in
Spain for dyes, and medicine, and spice; but I
do not know them, and this gives me great con-
cern. When I arrived at this beautiful cape the
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 247
flowers and trees on shore sent out to us sucha
sweet and soft perfume that it was the most
agreeable of all offerings to our senses. To-
morrow, before leaving these parts, I shall go
ashore to see what there ison the cape. The
village is further off in the interior. It is there,
according to my Indians, that the king lives who
carries so much gold about him. I must go early
enough to find his palace to-morrow; and I shall
speak to this king, who, according to the guides,
holds all these islands under his sway, and wears
rich robes, and covers himself over with gold.â€
He adds that he does not much believe in the
story. The cape seemed to form an islet by
itself, and there might be still another to be
passed before they could approach the royal
domain. ‘When I have found the spots where
the gold and spices abound, I shall stay there
until I have collected the greatest possible store,
and that is why I am going round only to look
for these productions.â€
On October 21 he walked about the island
with his two captains. ‘How beautiful it is!†he
cried, ‘‘and how full of great green forests, and
lakes set round with groves! The grass at this
moment is like the herbage of Andalusia in the
248 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
springtime.†There was a concert of singing
birds, “so sweet that he could hardly depart.â€
Great flocks of parrots darkened the sun, and the
air was full of the odors of fruit and flowers. ‘‘I
was in despair,†he says, “at not knowing the
different kinds, because I am quite sure that they
are all very valuable, and I am bringing home
specimens of every kind, and even of the grasses.â€
As he walked by the lake side he saw an iguana
run down into the water, and they killed the
great lizard, or “serpent†as they called it, and
brought back the skin to Spain. It was just
there that he thought he recognized the lign
aloes or “eagle wood,†which was used in making
frankincense. It was probably one of the
euphorbias, which always burn with a pleasant
smell. “They tell me it is very precious,†he
writes, “and I shall take down ten quintals of it
to my ship to-morrow.†Then they found a vil-
lage with empty houses, and thought that the
people must have carried off their clothes and
property into the hills. One or two Indians
came round, and brought a little water in their
poor calabashes. ‘“‘I wish,†said Columbus, “I
could see this king, and try to get the gold that
he wears, and then start off to the other great
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 249
island, which must be Cipango, if the guides .are
right.†They called it Cuba, and talked of its
broad havens and the multitude of its sailors.
There was another great country near it called
Bohio, which turned out afterward to be His-
paniola. The admiral determined to visit all the
islands, and to act according to. the quantity of
wealth which they might find. ‘‘At present,†he
said, ‘‘I am resolved to go to the Terra Firma
and the City of Quinsay, to remit your High-
ness’s letters to the Grand Khan, to ask for an
answer, and to return home as soon as I become
its bearer.â€
All night and all the next day he was waiting,
wondering why the king or some noble person
did not arrive with gold and treasures. In the
morning came the waking from his dream. All
round came groveling and staring the naked men
with blood-red faces, or spotted with black and
yellow, or plastered with chalky white, holding
out their reed darts and balls of cotton in ex-
change for potsherds and bits of glass. Some
had morsels of gold on their noses, which they
gave away for almost nothing; and the pieces,
indeed, were so small that they were in fact
worth nothing at all. The same things began to
250 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
happen over again. The Indians talked about
the ships sailing down from Heaven. Martin
Pinzon killed another serpent five palms long in
the same lake, and the sailors continued to
cut down all the lign aloes that could be
found,
“TI see,†said Columbus, “that there are no
gold mines here, and I shall not stay to go round
the island, or to find the village where I had in-
tended to see this king or chieftain.†“I must
go on to some country,†he added, “where I can
manage some great commercial operation; this
island seems to be fertile in spices, but I do not
know them. Iam truly grieved at this, for I see
a thousand kinds of trees with different fruits,
and as green as our woods in June; and it is just
the same with the herbs and flowers, and yet we
have recognized nothing except the lign aloes, of
which I have ordered a great quantity to be
loaded to-day.â€
Next day he was more cheerful. They were
sailing for Cuba with a fine breeze, and there he
said that, according to the Indian guides, the
natives had a very extensive trade, and gold and
spice, and great ships and crowds of merchants.
“JT think it must be Cipango, which lies some-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 251
where about here, according to my maps and
globes.†There were pearls too in great plenty,
said the Indians, and this made Columbus sure
that he was right. When they came near Cuba
the pink cliffs and blue mountains in the distance
reminded him of Sicily. The foliage and the
face of the earth still seemed like the gardens of
Granada. This island, he says, is the fairest ever
seen by the eyes of man. They were anchored
at the mouth of a broad river. ‘‘I never saw
‘anything so magnificent,†he repeats. There
were palms unlike any that he had seen in Spain
or Africa, and giant trees covered with strange
fruits and flowers, and there were chirping spar-
rows and birds singing so sweetly that he often
longed to hear them again. The Indians said
that they were near the gold mines and pearl
beds, and Columbus thought that he saw a place
suited to the growth of pearls and several of the
right kind of shells upon the shore. They all
agreed that this must be the place where the
Great Khan’s navy came, and, if that were so,
they would be at a distance of about ten days’
sail from the Continent.
Passing by one broad river, they reached an-
other, still finer than the first, and they named it
252 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the Rio de Mares. There were large tent-shaped
houses, thatched with palm-leaves, set here and
there about the banks. The-.inhabitants all fled
away on seeing the strangers. On landing, the
Spaniards found that the houses were very neat
and clean, and there were masks of faces and
carved figures of women set up inside. There
were dogs that could not bark, and tame parrots;
they saw nets of a marvelously fine texture, and
hooks and other implements of fishery. ‘These
must be the fishermen,†they said, “who carry up
the fish into the rich interior of this lovely land.â€
The admiral thought that there were flocks and
herds, for he saw bones in one of the houses that
seemed to be those of a cow, though, in fact,
they must have belonged to a sea cow, or mana-
tee. All night long they heard the song birds,
the sparrows, and the grasshoppers, and everyone
rejoiced. The sea, Columbus declared, was
always calm, “as smooth as the Guadalquivir,â€
and such waters must be of a nature to favor the
growth of pearls. He looked about, and found
twisted conch shells on the sands of a kind that
was new to him, and they tried the meat, but
found that it had little flavor; and when they
left the flat coast they passed some very high
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 253
rocks, of which one was like a fine Moorish
mosque and another like the Lover’s Leap.
After passing a cape covered with a thick palm
grove, they arrived at a bay with a poor anchor-
age, and they determined, as the weather was
threatening, to return to Rio de Mares in order
to careen the ships; and while they were en-
gaged on this work they noticed that all the
wood used for the fire was of the lentisk kind,
and was full of the precious gum mastic. The
admiral knew that one of his sailors had carried
letters to a native king in Guinea, and this made
him think of sending an embassy to find the ruler
of this new country, and to give him greeting
from their Catholic Majesties. The painted sav-
ages were beginning to come round again. Co-
lumbus was still in hopes that he was within a
hundred leagues of Quinsay, and he now thought
it possible that all these naked Indians were at
war with the Grand Khan. Some of the natives
came out to his ship with cotton and hammock
nets for barter. The admiral had sent off two of
his men to find out what the people of the inte-
rior were like. One was Rodrigo de Jerez from
Ayamonte; the other was a converted Jew
named Luis de Torres, who knew the Hebrew
254 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
and Chaldean tongues, and could speak a little
Arabic. They were well supplicd with guides
and provisions and samples of spice for compari-
son, with a string of beads to exchange for food
if they ran short; and they carried with them a
letter of recommendation from Ferdinand and
Isabella, and a present for the native king.
While they were away the admiral made notes
on the productions of the country, which seemed
very pleasant and fertile. There were fields full
of the yuccas and manioc plants, from which
they got the meal for making cassava cakes; and
in others there were crops of maize and yams or
“sweet potatoes.†They did not cultivate the
cotton plant, but got their supplies from the
great ceiba trees that stood like sentinels at the
mouths of the deep ravines. Columbus himself
saw some of these trees with ripe pods and flow-
ers upon them at the same time, as if they bore
cotton all the year round. Martin Pinzon came
in with a story of having seen an Indian carrying
clusters of red nuts and three bundles of sugar
cane, and he produced two pieces of the cane,
added that he had talked to an old man, who
said that the gold and pearls were at a place
called Bohio, where the natives were covered
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 255
with jewels. He understood them to say that
there was much shipping and merchandise there,
and they had spoken about one-eyed mon-
sters, and men with dogs’ faces, who were can-
nibals.
These rumors determined Columbus to sail to
the new country if the embassy should not come
back with good news; and he went on meanwhile
with the collection of eagle wood and mastic.
On the 6th of November the messengers re-
turned without much information of importance.
They had come upon a village with fifty large
houses, or wigwams, and about a thousand inhab-
itants. These houses were of the usual conical
shape, and were made of boards thatched with
palmetto. The Indians had lodged their visitors
in one of the largest of these lodges, and had
made them sit on chairs carved like animals, with
the tail set up for a back and the head projecting
in front with eyes and ears of gold. There was -
no sign of sugar cane or pepper, but there were
immense quantities of cotton, which the natives
used for aprons and hammocks. Besides the
crops which the admiral had already seen, they
had a grain called maize, with grains like millet
and as large as hazelnuts, which tasted very well
256 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
when ground and baked. All the men and
women carried about fire and smoked tobacco,
wrapping the leaves together into little rolls “like
the toys which the children play with at Easter.â€
They lit one end and sucked the smoke in by the
other, “making themselves drunk through their
nostrils,’ and they said that it took away all,
sense of fatigue. Being asked whether they had
any gold or pearls or spice, they made signs that
there was great plenty toward the east in a coun-
try which they called ‘‘Bohio.†“They seem
very simple people,†said the admiral, “and not
too black, not quite so black, in fact, as the peo-
ple in the Canaries’; and he noted for the
queen’s behoof how docile her new Indians were,
and clever at remembering with exactness, so
that there was every hope that in a little while
the whole race would be converted to the faith.
‘‘As for me,†he writes, “I am getting ready to
start on Thursday for the southeast to search in
God’s name for the gold and the spices and the
undiscovered lands.â€
“Bohio†and “Babeque†were the birthplaces of
the gold, and according to the Indians’ pantomime
one might see a crowd there going by torchlight
to pick up nuggets on the shore, or standing at
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 257
great fires to hammer out the yellow lumps and
beat them up into bars and ingots.
Some days were spent in exploring Our Lady’s
Sea and the multitude of islets called the King’s
Garden. They lay hardly a musket shot apart,
with deep channels between, and towered aloft in °
airy pinnacles out of the tangled forests of palm.
These, he said, must be the Eastern Islands of
the maps, that lie by thousands in the Indian
Sea, and he considered that they held great
wealth in spices and precious stones. There
seemed to be an abundance of lentisks and lign
aloes, and there was even gum mastic in the
roots, out of which the Indians made their bread.
The sailors were set to look for pearl shells, and
found plenty of them; but there were no pearls,
because the season for their production was past.
In one of the islands the men killed an animal
like a badger with their swords; they saw guinea
pigs, and found signs of some beast like a musk
deer; and they caught a coffer fish in their net,
which exactly resembled a swine, and was cov-
ered all over with a hard mail, except at the eyes
and tail. On November the r9th Columbus
made a strong attempt to get across to Bohio, or
Hispaniola, as he afterward named it, and he saw
258 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
“Babeque,†or Jamaica, in the distance, but was
driven back once more into Our Lady’s Sea.
Not far from the haven was a promontory, where
the admiral landed and saw a stream of clear
water falling down a mountain side with a
mighty noise, and running up he saw in its bed a
number of stones with stains of a color like gold,
and at the moment of his picking up the ore, as
he believed it to be, the sailors shouted out that
they saw a forest of pine trees. The pines were
tall enough to make masts for the largest ships,
and there were oaks growing near, and other tim-
ber trees like those of Castile, and a river for
turning the saw mills, if it should be necessary to
build a navy there. ‘‘The infinite number of |
green trees,†said the admiral, ‘‘the birds, and
the verdure of the plains, tempted me to stay
there forever.†He declares that he felt as if he
were moving in a dream or a whirl of enchant-
ment, and as though a thousand pens or tongues
would not. avail to depict the wonders around
him.
In a few days he was steering for Bohio, with
the Vina as his only companion. Martin Pinzon
had carried off the Pzxta without leave, and was
exploring on his own account. In the clear air of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 259
a tropical region they saw the blue mountain
ranges sixty miles away, higher as they thought
than anything that the Old World could show,
visible to all the islanders around, gigantic sea
marks,
Known to every skiff,
As that sky-scraping Pike of Teneriffe.
“They are all most beautiful,†says Columbus,
“and of a thousand different shapes, and they are
covered with trees of a multitude of kinds, and
of such great height that they seem to reach the
sky.â€
He arrived on December the 6th at a large,
deep haven, which he named in honor of St.
Nicholas. * The country seemed to be rocky, and
the hillside was covered with oaks and myrtles
like those of Castile. Ina bay further to the
north a gray mullet leaped into the admiral’s
ship, and when they cast a net they took soles
and fish like salmon and dories, and they saw a
shoal of sardines, and they were all just like the
fish of those kinds at home. A bird like the
nightingale was singing, and many song birds of
other kinds, with notes that recalled the April
evenings in Spain. The fields reminded them at
once of the fertile Vale of Cordova, and for all
260 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
these reasons they were moved to give to the
strange island the homelike name of Hispaniola.
The Indians seemed to be of a higher type
than the natives of the other islands. Their hab-
its and customs were much the same, but they
were better made, and of a fairer complexion. |
Two of the girls, it was noticed, were as white as
any ladies in Spain. “They were all tractable
and courteous; and they said that the country
where the gold was found lay further to the east-
ward.†They brought in parrots and cassava
bread for presents, but they seemed to have
nothing of any value, except small grains of gold
hanging at their ears and nostrils.†Columbus
gave them the highest of characters in his jour-
nal. -‘'So loving, tractable, and free from covet-
ousness they are, that I swear to your High-
nesses there are no better people, nor any better
country in the world. They love their neighbors
as themselves, and their conversation is the
sweetest in the universe, being pleasant and
always smiling. True it is they go unclothed;
but your Highnesses may believe me that they
have many commendable customs; and the king
is served with great state, and he is so staid that
it is a great satisfaction to see him, as it is to
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 261
think what good memories these people have,
and how desirous they are to know everything.â€
In describing the visit of the Cacique Guana-
cagiri, the admiral enlarges on this theme.
“There is no doubt but your Highnesses would
have been very much pleased to have seen his
gravity and the respect that his people paid him.
They were all wonderfully grave, and spoke but
few words, and those that they uttered, by what
I could gather, were very deliberate and staid.â€
On the night of the 24th the admiral’s ship
was wrecked on a flat, ‘‘in a dead calm,†as he
says, ‘‘and with the sea as still as the water in a
dish.†The Cacique, with tears in his eyes, ex-
pressed his grief at the loss, and sent out all the
people in the place to help with their large
canoes. “From time to time,†says the admiral,
“he sent some of his kindred weeping, to beg of
me not to be cast down, for he would give me all
he had. I do assure your Highnesses that better
order could not have been taken in any part of
Castile to secure our things, for we lost not the
value of a pin.â€
The Indians now began to bring in small sup-
plies of golden plates and ornaments, and assured
the Spaniards that they would procure as much
262 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
more as was required, “and the Cacique, perceiv-
ing that this was pleasing to the admiral, said
that he would cause a great quantity of gold to
be brought from Cibao, a place where much of it
was found.†He offered to cover Columbus with
gold, if he would wait, “and gave him some
masks, with eyes, noses, and ears of gold, and
some of the ornaments which they hang round
their necks.†Some said that the king had
ordered a life size statue of the admiral to be
made of the solid metal. All the information
about Cibao seemed to be genuine, and Colum-
bus felt sure that he had gained his quest, and
had at last discovered the wealth of Cipango.
Finding such signs of gold, he almost forgot
his grief at the loss of the ship, and he determ-
ined to return at once in the Vina, without try-
ing for further discoveries, “lest some other mis-
fortune might befall him which might hinder
their Catholic Majesties from coming to the
knowledge of these newly acquired kingdoms.â€
A few days were enough for building the fort
of La Navidad, where a garrison of forty-two
men, well equipped with arms and stores of all
kinds, was left to maintain possession and to find
out the position of the gold mines. There was
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. | 263
talk of a supposed discovery of the rhubarb
plant, and of other spices which might be found
in the mountains. But Columbus was in a hurry
to be gone. He writes that he hoped to finda
barrel of gold when he returned, and so much
spice, that before three years had passed they
might be preparing for the new crusade; “and to
this effect it was that I showed your Highnesses
my desire of seeing the profits of my adventure .
employed on the conquest of Jerusalem, and
your Highnesses smiled, and said it would please
you well, and even without those profits you
would have a good heart for the enterprise.â€
On the 4th of January, 1493, Columbus took
leave of the little garrison, and started on his
voyage home. The next day they were coasting
by the fertile slopes of Monte Christi that rose in
the shape of a huge pavilion from the plain.
There was a fine line of mountains inland, look-
ing like the range that hangs over the Vale of
Cordova; the air was bright, and the sea like sap-
phire. ‘The whole place is so smiling,†they
said, ‘‘that no words of praise could be in the
least degree exaggerated.†Yet Columbus felt
presentiments that the omens were threatening,
as if the powers of evil were baffling him in the
264 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
moment of victory. Pinzon came in at last with
a poor set of excuses, and the admiral was sorely
tempted to embark on a dangerous quarrel. The
men of the Pizta had found gold, and had heard
of rich ground in Jamaica, where there were nug-
gets as large as beans, instead of mere specks and
grains. But, after all, it appeared that the best
place was the country round La Navidad, where
Columbus himself had seen sc much free gold in
the river sand that he did not trouble to take
home specimens from the rich bed of the Rio del
Oro. He was bent on sailing home without the
least delay, and he wanted to get out of bad com-
pany as soon as possible; “but there must be no
more quarrels with Pinzon till the news of the
voyage reached home.†It was difficult to avoid
anger. The /znta wanted a mast, which could
easily have been cut out of a great pine tree if
her captain had not deserted his duty in Cuba.
By the roth of January they had reached a river
which still bears Pinzon’s name, and the water
was full of boring worms; the Pinta had come
back riddled with them, and quite unsafe for sea.
It was easy to see where Pinzon had stayed
when he was gathering gold. The unruly cap-
tain tried to kidnap some Indians at the last
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 265
"moment. Columbus rebuked him fiercely, and
showed how worse than foolish were acts of vio-
lence upon the borders of the Land of Promise,
and so close to their new-built town.
On Sunday the 13th, being near the Lovers’
Cape, the admiral sent a boat ashore, where the
men found some Indians of a fierce countenance,
armed with great bows and arrows, like the Eng-
lish bowmen whom he had scen in the army at
Dartmouth; they seemed to be ready to engage,
and yet were in'some consternation. Their faces
were all daubed over with charcoal, and their
speech was as fierce as their looks. There was a
skirmish in which the Indians were easily re-
pelled, and the admiral was not at all displeased,
thinking that these were “the bold and resolute
Caribs.†They seem, however, to have belonged
to the Ciguayo tribes, with whom the Spaniards
were destined to have much trouble in days to
come.
One of these Indians pointed out the way to
the Carib Islands and the country of the Ama-
zons, and said that there were masses of a golden
alloy there as large as the stem of the caravel.
Columbus noticed that there was a great deal of
gulf weed drifting about the shore, and it
266 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
occurred to his mind that this might be a sign of
land to the eastward, and if this were so, he
might find that some parts of the archipelago
were not very distant from the Canaries, and
creeping from island to island, they might in this
way diminish their dangers, and find at last a gap
of perhaps four hundred leagues for their bat-
tered ships to traverse.
_ On the 16th he actually started from the “ Bay
of Arrows,†as he had named the Gulf of Sa-
mana, and made for the Cannibals’ Land. But
he was uneasy in his mind, believing that an
approaching conjunction of planets betokened
great changes in the weather, and they had gone
but a short distance when a fresh breeze sprang
up and blew right for Spain. So sad were all the
faces round him, and so terrible was the condi-
tion of the ships, that he dared not reject the
sign; and so they put about and changed the
course, and sailed nearly fifty miles toward home
before the sun went down.
Cape St. Elmo was the last land seen.
“Twenty leagues further there appeared abun-
dance of weeds, and twenty leagues further still
they found all the sea covered with small tunny
fish, whereof they saw great numbers the two
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 267
following days, and after them an abundance of
sea fowl, and all the way the weeds ran with the
current in long ropes lying east and west, for
they had already found out that the current
takes these weeds a long way from land.†The
signs were still favorable. Although the skies
were lowering, “the sea ran soft and smooth like
a river,†for which the admiral offered thanks to
Heaven. On the 25th food was beginning to
run short. There was nothing left but bread and
wine and some of the Indian cakes, but the sail-
ors harpooned a tunny fish and caught an enor-
mous white shark. ‘Holding on their course
with a fair wind, they made so much way that in
the opinion of the pilots on the oth of February
they were south of the Azores; but the admiral
said that they were a hundred and fifty leagues
snort, and this was the truth, for they still found
abundance of weeds, which as they went to the
Indies they did not see till they were two hun-
dred and sixty-three leagues west of Ferro. As
they sailed on thus with fair weather, the wind
began to rise more and more every day, and the
sea to run so high that they could scarce live
upon it,†and on Thursday, the 14th, they were
driving which way soever the wind would carry
268 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
them. The Pinta had disappeared, and all was
despair among the admiral’s crew. . They cast
lots which of them should carry a candle in pil-
grimage to Our Lady of Guadaloupe, and the lot
fell on Columbus, and henceforth he was a pil-
grim, as he said, and bound to perform his vow.
A second time they cast lots which of them
should go or send a pilgrim to Our Lady of Lo-
retto, and the lot fell on one. Pedro de Villa, who
came from the port of Santa Maria. And again
a third time they cast lots which of them should
go ona pilgrimage to Santa Clara of Moguer to
watch by night and procure a mass, and again
the lot fell upon Columbus. Then they all
vowed together that they would go in their
shirts upon the first land that they might see to
one of Our Lady’s churches; and everyone was
making vows for himself, because they thought
that they were all lost in that terrible sea. The
Nina could hardly keep upright for want of bal-
last, because all the provision casks were empty.
The admiral had intended to take in ballast when
he reached the Amazons’ Island; and when the
course was changed it was too late to do any-
thing but hope for the best. He hit upon a
plan, however, for staving off the danger, by fill
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 269
ing all his empty casks with sea water so as to
steady the ship.
Of this violent storm the admiral wrote these
words: “I had been less concerned for the tem-
pest had I been alone in danger, for I know that
I owe my life to the Creator, and have been at
other times so near death that the merest trifle
was wanting to complete it. But what infinitely
grieved and troubled me, was the consideration
that, as it had pleased the Lord to give me faith
and assurance to go upon this undertaking
wherein I had now been successful, so now that
my opponents were about to be convinced and
your Highnesses served by me with honor and
increase of your mighty state, He should be
pleased to prevent all this by my death. Even
death would have been more tolerable were it
not attended with the loss of all those men
whom I had carried with me upon promise of a
happy success; and they, seeing themselves in
that affliction, cursed their going out upon the
voyage and cursed the fear and awe which my
persuasions had cast upon them, dissuading them
from going back when outward bound, as they
had often resolved to do. But above all my sor-
rows were multiplied when I thought of my two
270 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. |
sons at school in Cordova left destitute of friends |
in a strange land, before I had performed, or
was known to have performed, such service that
your Highnesses might be inclined to relieve
them.†It seemed as if all the good work had
been lost when it was almost brought to perfec-
tion, and all the honor snatched away at the very
moment of enjoyment. ‘Being in this inward
confusion,’ he wrote, “I thought about your
Highnesses’ good fortune; though I were dead
and the ship lost, yet your fortune might find for
you some way of isaving a conquest so nearly
achieved, and bring the success of my voyage by
some means or other to your knowledge. For
this reason, as briefly as the time would permit, I
wrote on a parchment that I had discovered
those countries as I had promised, and in what
way I had done it and in how many days, and
about the goodness of those lands and the nature
of the inhabitants, and how your Highnesses’
subjects were left in possession of all that I had
discovered. I folded and sealed the writing and
addressed it to your Highnesses, with a written
promise upon it of a thousand ducats to anyone
that should deliver it sealed to you.â€
Having made a copy of the memorandum, one
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 271
of the documents was packed with great care in
oilcloth and wax and sent adrift in a cask; the
other was packed in the same way, and set upon
the top of the poop, so that when the ship sank
the cask might have a chance of floating. “Sail-
ing on in such mighty danger and through so
great a storm, on Friday the 15th at break of
day, one Ruy Garcia saw land from the round
â€
top.†The admiral concluded that it was one of’
the Azores. On the same day they saw another
island; “and they ran struggling against wind
and weather, with continual labor and no respite,
but were not able to get to land.†Next evening
they succeeded in beating up against the wind,
and lay at anchor off the island of Santa Maria.
The town lay at some distance off, and they
saw a little hermitage upon the shore, but no
other building. The boatmen who came out
with provisions said that this hermitage was
dedicated to the Virgin, and Columbus at once
determined that the crew should go barefooted
in their shirts to hear a mass according to their
vow. Half the ship’s crew being landed for this
purpose, as soon as they were engaged in prayer,
the governor broke out upon them with horse
and foot, and took them prisoners; and he after-
272 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ward said that he was acting under strict orders
received from the Court of Portugal. In parley-
ing with the admiral alongside the caravel, the
governor laughed at the commission and letters
patent from Spain. He said that he knew noth-
ing about Castile, or the king or queen, but he
would very soon let Columbus know what it was
to deal with Portugal. The admiral at first
negotiated and then threatened in his turn, and
declared that he would never leave his caravel till
he had depopulated the island and carried off a
hundred of its chief inhabitants as hostages. On
the 20th he went across to St. Michael's to find
shelter from a sudden tempest, and on his return
to Santa Maria he was able to recover his men.
In describing the violent storms which seemed
to haunt the neighborhood of the Azores and
Canaries, Columbus says that he never could
understand why they should occur in those lati-
tudes, when all the way to the Indies, after pass-
ing a certain line, the air and sea were always
serene and calm. It must be, he thought, that
the theologians and philosophers were right who
placed the Earthly Paradise in the ends of the
East, because the climate was so fair; and he
concluded that the lands which he had found
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 273
were not far from Paradise, and quite close to
that extremity of the world.
When they sailed from Santa Maria the sea
became smooth again, for which the admiral
again offered thanks and praise. But another
storm was brewing, as if the powers of evil must
prevail in the end, and on March the 3d the tem-
pest was so great that all their sails were split
and carried away. Again they cast lots which of
them should send a pilgrim, in his shirt and bare-
foot, to Our Lady of La Cinta in the town of
Huelva, and the lot fell on Columbus again.
“They were running on without a rag of cloth;
it was a mighty sea, with high winds and fright-
ful thunder.†The rain fell in torrents, said
Columbus, and the clouds were ablaze with light-
ning. “It wasa ghastly and terrible sight; but
it pleased Heaven at that moment to render aid
and to grant me the sight of land.†Then they
made shift to set the mainsail and to bear up
against the storm until daybreak; and after “a
night of anguish†they found themselves off
Cintra at the mouth of the Tagus, and were
forced by a surprising chance to run into the
port of Lisbon; ‘‘and this to my mind,†says the
admiral, “is the greatest marvel in the world.â€
CHAPTER XV.
“Tt was roses, roses, all the way,
And myrtle mixed in my path like mad;
The house-roofs seemed to heave and sway,
The church-spires flamed, such flags they had,
A year ago on this very day.â€
KiNG JOHN was at Torres Vedras when he
heard the news, and received a letter from
Columbus asking leave to move up to Lisbon for
fear of an attack by pirates. Assurances were
given that the ship had not been anywhere near
Guinea, but had found the Indies, and returned
by aroute hitherto unknown. The king was ill
at ease in body and mind. He had but just
recovered from a disease attributed to poison,
and was moving restlessly about to escape the
threatened approach of the plague. A rival’s
success was a bitter disappointment, and revenge
seemed hopeless when he heard of the excited
crowds going out to stare at the Indians and talk
about the gold, some shouting for joy at the
good news, and others storming in the streets
because Portugal had lost the prize. The royal
274
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 275
officers were as eager as the rest, and the captain
of the port had visited the caravel in a state pro-
cession “with trumpets, fifes, and drums.†The
king saw that Columbus had escaped the toils.
If the ship had been detained at the Azores no
man on board would ever have seen Europe
again; but as things had turned out it seemed
advisable to put a good face on the matter, and
to join in the popular welcome.
Columbus himself was gratified at the manner
of his reception. The nobility were sent out
to meet him, and on coming into the presence
the king treated him with all respect. He bid
the admiral sit by him with hat on head, as be-
fitted a grandee of Spain. The king, we are
told, heard the story of the voyage with a cheer-
ful countenance. Late into the night the ad-
miral told his tale, much in the same words, we
suppose, as those on the parchment cast into the
sea, and in the letter written to the Chancellor of
Arragon in the terrible storm off the Azores.
Thirty-three days out from the last Christian
land he had reached the Indies with a fleet from
Spain, and had found a multitude of countries of
which he had taken possession in the name of
the Catholic Kings. Besides the great islands of
276 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Cuba and Hispaniola, there were four others to
be specially mentioned as forming the first fruits
of the enterprise. They were coral islands
studded about the great Bahama Bank, thickly
peopled with strange Indian tribes, and bright
even in winter with palm woods and orchids and
flowering trees, but they were bare of gold, and
not worth much to Spain. To everyone he had
given a significant name. Guanahani had become
San Salvador, ‘‘in remembrance of those things
so marvelously brought to pass.†Opposite lay
Guanima and her islets, now dedicated to Santa
Maria de Concepcion. For ten leagues they had
sailed along the southern shore, and had crossed
to Fernandina, where he found two main islands
of wonderful beauty, with a chain of coral rocks
behind. The fourth he had called Isabella; it
was the Indian “Saometo,†a long island on the
rim of the bank, by the channel that leads to
Cuba. To the Portuguese king there would be
little interest in hearing of the Indians and rocks
and trees. To ourselves the subject comes
nearer home when we speculate, amid the conflict
of theories, which of our outlying settlements was
the island where the light was seen, and where
was the exact point where Columbus landed,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 277
Guanahani has now been clearly identified with
Watling’s Island. Almost all the names were at
one time transposed. The natives were mas-
sacred or taken to work in the mines and fisher-
ies abroad; the islands were lost again in their
forests till they became the lurking-places of the
pirates; and when the pirates were expelled and
negro slavery was introduced, the details of the
ancient story were all confused. The journals of
Columbus show that the larger island “opposite
to Guanahani†was probably the island now
called “‘Rum Cayâ€; that he crossed over to
Great Exuma with its chain of detached rocks,
which he called “Fernandinaâ€; and that our set-
tlement of Long Island is the country of ‘‘Sao-
meto,†where he saw the groves of “lign aloesâ€
surrounding a shining lake.
The story of Columbus was concerned with
still greater things. To Cuba, “the fifth island,â€
he gave the name of Juana, in remembrance of
the Prince in Spain. “When I reached Juana I
followed the coast westward, and found it so
large that I felt sure it was the mainland of
Cathay.†After going many leagues, and finding
nothing but deserted hamlets, he had returned to
a certain harbor, where two men were sent away
278 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
to explore. ‘‘Meantime I had learned from the
Indians that this part of the country was sur-
rounded by the sea, and I followed the coast for
a hundred and seven leagues eastward till it came
to an end, and there I saw a great island, which I
called Hispaniola.†‘The land runs high, and
there are sierras and peaks to which Teneriffe
itself is not to be compared, all most beautiful, of
a thousand different shapes, and all accessible to
man.and covered with trees of a myriad kinds.â€
The land contains many gold mines and the
inhabitants cannot be numbered. “Hispaniola is
a marvel; in plain and mountain, in meadow and
field, the lands are so fine and rich for crops and
cattle and the building of towns.†This, he said,
is something worth coveting, and worth taking
pains to keep when found. “All these islands,â€
he added, “I have taken for their Highnesses’
absolute use. And there was one large town of
which I especially took possession, being well sit-
uated for the gold mining and for commerce with
Europe or with the countries near the Great
Khan’s land, with which there will be abundance
of business and gain.†:
According to the Portuguese historians, the
courtiers found Columbus so prolix and so full
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 279
of the praises of his golden land that he seemed
to be triumphing over the king and casting up
again the rejection of his former offer; and the
king, they say, was so stung by this thought, and
by a feeling that his laws had been broken, that
he listened with a darkening brow and returned
but cool replies. But Columbus noticed nothing
amiss, and reported that King John had offered
him any help that might be required on behalf of
their Catholic Majesties. The king began to
talk about Prince Henry’s time, and the Pope’s
Bulls that gave to Portugal all the lands from
Cape Nun to India; there was a solemn treaty be-
sides, which would bar the Spaniards from invad-
ing his rights. Columbus himself, after all, was a
captain in his navy, and he supposed that all
these new conquests belonged to the Portu-
guese. The admiral said that he knew nothing
about such things; he had most strictly obeyed
his orders, as given to him in Spain and pub-
lished in every port of Andalusia, and those
orders had been, not to go near Fort St. George,
or any other part of the king’s dominions in
Africa. “It is very well,†the king replied, and
added that he had no doubt but justice would be
done in the end.
280 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
‘Having spent a long time in this sort of dis-~
course, he commanded the Prior of Crato, as the
greatest man then about the court, to entertain
the admiral, and to show him all civility and
respect; and having stayed there all Sunday, and
Monday till after mass, the admiral took leave of
the king, who expressed great kindness and made
him great proffers, ordering Don Martin de No-
ronhas to go along with him; and many other
gentlemen went for company, and to hear an
account of his voyage.†On his way back he
passed the monastery of San Antonio near Villa-
franca, where the queen was lodging, and re-
ceived a message begging that he would visit
her; “and she was much pleased to see him, and
did him all the favor and honor that was due to
the greatest lord.â€
As soon as his visitor was gone, the king sum-
moned a council, at which it was openly debated
whether Columbus should be killed in order to
check the Spaniards. Some offered boldly to
see to the work themselves. Some urged the
proposal as a matter of public policy. If the
prime engineer were removed, the only man in
fact who knew the work, who would ever per-
suade Ferdinand again to start such a dangerous
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 281
undertaking? ‘‘When the good of the state is
concerned, everyone knows that morality must
give place to wisdom.†Many were shocked at
this outrageous doctrine, but held that Columbus
had forfeited his life by breaking the sea laws
and by deceiving both nations about the matter.
But King John was reminded that it would be a
shocking thing to receive a guest one day with
favor, and to kill him next day without any new
offense. “Would it not be safer and wiser to
send out a fleet at once to take possession by
force of arms of all that properly belonged to
Portugal?†The wiser counsel prevailed, and
orders were given to get the ships ready at once.
But a long negotiation began as soon as the news
reached Spain; the astute Ferdinand persuaded
the Pope to fix the boundary line a hundred
leagues west of the Azores, and though this limit
was afterward extended in favor of Portugal, the
lands found by Columbus were justly secured for
Spain.
For an account of the homeward voyage we
return to the journal again. At the very mo-
ment that he was leaving Llandra to go on board
his ship, an equerry rode up with a message from
the king. If Columbus would go by land to Cas-
282 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
tile, the officer would go with him all the way,
and would provide for lodgings and changing
horses and everything that might be required.
Again, when the offer had been declined, the
officer came back with presents from the king,
a mule for the admiral, and another for his pilot,
Juan de la Cosa. Columbus adds that the
equerry, as he heard afterward, had brought the
pilot a splendid fee of twenty “spadines†in gold,
and he notes the remark of some of the bystand-
ers that these favors must have been given in
hopes of impressing the king and queen at home.
On Wednesday, the 13th of March, he started in
the morning “on a mighty tide,†and set sail with
a favorable wind for Seville. The next morning
he found himself off Cape St. Vincent, and
turned east with a view of putting in at the port
of Palos. At sunrise on the Friday he was oppo-
site to the Bar of Saltes, waiting for the tide, and
about noon he passed the bar, and arrived safe at
the haven which he had left some months before.
Here his journal ends. He speaks of making a
voyage to Barcelona, where Ferdinand and Isa-
bella were making a royal progress, wishing to
tell them with his own lips the whole story of
the voyage, and of the signal miracles which had
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 283
been wrought in favor of one who had been so
long derided and treated as a dreamer of dreams.
As the Vzza was casting anchor in the port,
the Pinta, by a strange chance, was seen creeping
past the bar. Nothing had been heard of her
since the storm off the Azores, and it was feared
that Pinzon and all his crew were drowned. Pin-
zon himself could not face the admiral. His
tragic story is known to all. He thought that
Columbus would never reach land, and was pre-
pared fora glorious reception; he seems always
in his own mind to have claimed the chief merit
of the enterprise. He designed, says Don Ferdi-
nand, to go by himself to Barcelona, to carry the
news to their Catholic Majesties; but they sent
him orders not to go there without the admiral
“
under whom he had been sent to serve, “at
which he was so concerned and offended that he
returned indisposed to his native place, where
within a few days he died of grief.†Before Pin-
zon reached Palos, Columbus had started upon
his triumphal progress through Spain.
The first thing of all was to fulfill the vows
made inthe storm. Their pilgrimage to the her-
mit’s chapel had been rudely interrupted by the
Portuguese; but it was now carried out in every
284 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
detail at the church of Santa Maria in the con-
vent of La Rabida. Now followed a journey to
Santa Maria de Guadalupe, and another pilgrim-
age to Santa Clara’s convent at Moguer, close
by the port, and whatever else was due to carry
out their promises; and when all these duties
were accomplised the admiral set out on his jour-
ney. He was forced to stay a little by the way,
“for so great was the admiration of the people
through Andalusia and all the way to Catalonia
that they ran out from all the towns and villages
to see the procession go by; and, thus holding
on his way, he got to Barcelona about the middle
of April, having sent their Highnesses an account
of the happy success of his voyage, which was
extraordinary pleasing to them, and they ordered
a most solemn reception, as for one who had ren-
dered them a singular service.†Through the
streets, waving and flaming with banners, the
crowds poured out to meet Columbus. First
marched Juan the Pilot beneath the standard of
Castile, and next to him the painted Indians
decked out with feather cloaks and plumes; the
sailors carried palms and fruits, and birds of gay
plumage, strange fishes, conchs, and _ turtle
shells, and hideous lizards on poles; and there
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 285
were others with fruits and spices, and huge
fagots of the “‘lign aloes,†and gold dust in cala-
bashes, and coronets and masks of gold, and
whatever else would show the wealth of the
world beyond the sea. The admiral rode last:
The air broke into a mist with bells,
The old walls rocked with the crowds and cries.
Ferdinand and the queen were on their thrones
under a canopy of cloth of gold, ‘‘and when he
went to kiss their hands, they stood up as to
some great lord, and made a difficulty to give
him their hands,’’ and bade him be seated at
their side; ‘and he was so highly honored and
favored,†says his son, “that when the king rode
about Barcelona, the admiral was on one side
and the Infante Fortuna on the other; but be-
fore that time, none had ever ridden beside his
Majesty, except the Infante, and he was the
king’s near kinsman,â€
CHAPTER XVI.
“ O hundred shores of happy climes,
How swiftly streamed ye by the bark!
At times the whole sea burned, at times
With wakes of fire we tore the dark;
At times a carven craft would shoot
From havens hid in fairy bowers,
With naked limbs, and flowers and fruit,
But we nor paused for fruit nor flowers ;
For one fair vision ever fled
Down the waste waters day and night,
And still we followed where she led
In hope to gain upon her flight.â€
AFTER the feasting at Barcelona was over, the
business of founding a colony began. The
Portuguese had been forestalled, and Hispaniola,
with its clusters of Indian isles, was to be an-
nexed to the crown of Castile. A short way had
been found to the mountains of Ophir, where
Solomon’s navies had gathered wealth in a three
years’ voyage, and the gold and silver were wait-
ing to be hurried across another ocean by a new
fleet from Tarshish.
Seventeen ships were equipped at Cadiz with
all the stores required for building a city at La
286
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 287
Navidad, where it was hoped that the garrison
left by Columbus had already laid up an abun-
dance of food and treasure. A sufficient number
of artisans and husbandmen had been engaged
under contracts with the government, and live
stock, seeds, and plants of many useful kinds
were collected for the use of the settlement.
There was also, unfortunately, a wild rush of
adventurers excited with “the fame of the gold.â€
The ships were crowded with more than five
hundred unauthorized passengers, besides the
thousand to whom license had been given; and
it was certain that great troubles would arise as
soon as the provisions began to fail.
“Furnished in this way,†says Don Ferdinand,
“the admiral weighed anchor in Cadiz Roads on
the 25th of September, 1493, about an hour
before sunrise, my brother and I being there, and
stood southwest for the Canaries.†The fleet
took in provisions and another supply of live
stock for breeding purposes at Gomera, and
then sailed out with a fair breeze toward the
‘islands where rumor said that they would find
the Amazons and the cannibals. When they
were quite a month out from Spain, Columbus
observed with astonishment that they had met
288 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
with none of the floating weed and had seen no
signs of land. About that time the sailors saw a
swallow flitting up and down among the ships.
Within a few hours a violent storm broke on
them, but the men were cheered at seeing the
electric flames, which they called the “corpo-
sant,†or body of St. Elmo. ‘‘Seven lights
were seen on the roundtop, and there followed
mighty rains and frightful thunder. The ancient
Romans used to say that these flickering meteors
would settle on the yards, and whistle and leap
like birds ona bough. If one came alone, they
feared the “disastrous Helena’; with two or
more they sailed secure, protected by the sea-
gods and Helena’s brothers,
Et fratres Helene, lucida sidera.
A few days afterward several frigate birds
were seen wheeling aloft about sunset, as if de-
signing to make a flight for some neighboring
shore; and Columbus, taking into account the
movements of the needle, the continuous rain,
and all the other signs, concluded that they were
close to land. Within a few hours, on Sunday,
the 3d of November, they saw at daybreak the
mountain mass of Dominica, and its cliffs green
with foliage to the water’s edge; and in the dis-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 289
tance rose other peaks and volcanic cones along
the great curve of the Windward Isles. Colum-
bus was tempted to explore the rocky stronghold
of the Caribs, but there was no convenient har-
bor; and he moved the fleet a little northward to
an uninhabited island, which he called ‘Marie
Galante,†after the name of his ship.
The country seemed to be covered with a tan-
gled forest into which the sailors could hardly
cut their way. There were huge trees wrapped
in creepers and covered with flowers and fruit;
there were shrubs that smelt like the finest
cloves, and some of the men were so rash as to
taste the green apples of the manchincel, which
drove them nearly mad with pain. The next
morning they passed on to Guadalupe, making
straight for the high crater, with its waterfalls
“dropping from the sky.†Here the fleet stayed
for several days, delayed by the necessity of
waiting for an exploring party who had lost their
way inthe bush. They said, when they returned
half dead with fatigue, that the woods were so
thick and close that they could never see the
sky. Some of the men had climbed the trees to
get a glimpse of the stars, but it had been of no
use, and if they had not come accidentally upon
290 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the coast they would never have reached the
ships. A search party, following their traces,
brought back reports of the riches of the island.
They had seen silk-cotton trees, and cinnamons
of an inferior variety; there were yellow mirobo-
lans on the ground, and roots which looked like
ginger, aloes, and mastic in abundance, and lign
aloes fit for making the brown kind of frankin-
cense. The villages near the coast were de-
serted, but the Spaniards succeeded after a time
in capturing a few of the Caribs and in saving a
number of their miserable prisoners; and they
were able to form a clear notion of the modes of
life in the savage community. The Caribs were
in appearance not very unlike the Indians seen
on the former voyage. The men and women
alike were bulky and muscular, and they seemed
to be as fierce as wild beasts. The warriors had
black patterns tattooed on their faces, and they
stained their bodies red with anatto, and drew
circles of black and white round their eyes.
Their heads were pressed into a high square
shape and shaved up to the crown, with the hair
hanging loose behind. They were all expert
archers, using stiff bows and poisoned arrows
with barbed tips of bone. They had very little
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 201
knowledge of metals, except copper and a base
alloy of gold used for ornaments; their hatchets
and cutting tools were made of polished stone,
and with these, it was said, they could cut down
great ceiba trees for making canoes, which six
men together could scarcely grasp. They lived
in small wigwams, but there was a great hall in
every village with walls of plaited cane and well
trimmed beams; here they took their meals in
public, and here they fixed the great looms for
weaving the coverings of their tents, like those
used at Genoa for tapestry, and others for mak-
ing fine cloth from the silk cotton and stuff for
their hammocks. Columbus noticed that they
seemed to be more intelligent than the natives of
Hispaniola. ‘In other parts the people only
reckon the day by the sun and the night by the
moon, but the women here know the other stars,
and say that it will be time to do such a thing
when the Bear rises, or when such a star has
moved into the north.†As to their food, they
were undoubtedly cannibals when they had the
opportunity. They had strange superstitions
about abstaining from the flesh of the manatee
and the turtle. Some of their little foxlike dogs
were kept for hunting, but more were fattened
492 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
for food. For domestic pets they kept macaws
of gorgeous plumage, as large as barn-door fowls.
They seem to have been clever at gardening and
agriculture. They had fine crops of maize, and
yams, and the farinaceous yucca roots, and
“‘manioc†for their cassava cakes; and they grew
large crops of pineapples. ‘‘These look like our
green pine cones,†the sailors said, ‘and they are
as full of meat as a melon, but much sweeter in
taste and smell, and they grow about in the fields
on long stalks like aloes or lilies.â€
On the 1oth of November the fleet made a
fresh start. Columbus was anxious to reach His-
paniola, and he now determined to run up the
long line of islands without any further delay.
Every few hours new lands appeared, all very
high and full of woods, rising in pyramidal
masses out of the smooth blue sea. To each, as
he passed, the admiral gave some appropriate
name. Montserrat reminded him of the jagged
sierra near Barcelona; a steep dome of rock took
the name of Santa Maria de Redonda. The
cone of Nevis may have received its title either
from its snow-white shore or from a floating
cloud of steam. The ‘‘fertile country,†as the
Caribs called it, a few leagues to the north, was
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 293
called St. Christopher from the shape of Mount
Misery, which resembled a giant stooping under
a burden. On their right hand they could just
see the barren land to which they gave the title
of Santa Maria la Antigua.
They rested for one night at St. Martin’s, and
as they started again found pieces of coral en-
tangled in the anchor flukes; but, though the dis-
covery seemed to be valuable, they had no time
to search for treasures on the way. At Santa
Cruz there was another garrison of the Caribs.
They rescued some of the wretched prisoners,
and experienced ‘in the skirmish that ensued the
untamable ferocity of the painted warriors and
the amazonian archers. The ships were now get-
ting near the rainless zone, and as they were
passing the desolate Virgin Isles the admiral
named them in a group after St. Ursula and her
maidens. But now, turning to the west, they
came into a pleasanter region, and found a har-
bor on the farther side of St. John’s, or ‘‘Porto
Rico,†as it was afterward called, and here for two
days the weary crews had rest. The island
seemed more beautiful than any which they had
seen before. The shore was full of creeping
vines, the trees were covered with fruit. Some
294 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
sat among the flowers, and watched the large fal-
cons hovering; others went fishing, and caught
skate, and bream, and scads as large as mackerel,
and other fishes like those in Spain, but finer and
more delicate in flavor; some tried in vain to get
speech with the Indians, who were too much
afraid of the Caribs to stay within. sight of a
stranger. From the prisoners whom they res-
cued the sailors heard that the natives were
learning to defend themselves and to imitate the
Caribs’ archery; and it was said that they were
even beginning, by way of revenge, to adopt the
vile practices of the cannibals. Some of the
Spaniards found an empty village containing
large wooden halls, with a square in front, and a
-broad road down to the sea; “and there were
towers plaited with cane on two sides and inter-
woven with foliage atop, like the arbors in the
gardens at Valencia; and on the sides looking
toward the sea were raised balconies for ten or
twenty people, very lofty and well built.â€
“It was at dawn,†one of the officers wrote,
“that we left the island, and before nightfall we
caught sight of land, which we knew to be His-
paniola from what we were told by the Indian
women.†The coast near Mona Island, which
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 295
was passed in their course, is very low and flat,
and this caused some doubt in the admiral’s
mind; but the mountains rose into sight, and he
soon reached the Gulf of Arrows, where they had
fought their first battle with the Indians, and the
haven near the promontory of Monte Christi,
where he had thought of founding a settlement.
At Monte Christi they stayed for several days,
looking about for a convenient site; but though
the river was all that could be wanted, the
ground in the neighborhood was swampy and
unwholesome. On one of the little islands the
sailors hunted an alligator without success; they
said that it was “as big round as a calf, witha
tail as long as a lance.†Some of the others
made a dreadful discovery. They saw two
bodies in the river tied with ropes of fiber; one
had the rope round his neck, and his arms were
stretched ona kind of cross; and next day two
more corpses were seen in the water, and one
seemed to be that of a man with a beard. They
could not be quite sure if these were the bodies
of Spaniards or of Indians; but there was evi-
dently great cause for alarm. It seemed incredi-
ble that any harm could have come to a strong
garrison from the fawning, childish natives. The
296 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
affectionate young Cacique who had helped them
after the wreck, and the peaceful Guarionex, on
whose land they were standing, would never have
joined in any such bloodthirsty treachery. The
admiral had himself seen a thousand Indians run
away from one or two sailors, and he had said
that one might as soon expect an attack from
them as from so many sheep or rabbits. But
when they arrived at the sandy bay and the site
of the town of La Navidad, the worst of their
fears was justified. They could not see the
walls of the little fortress. The place was silent
and deserted. No sound came in reply to the
roar of the guns from the fleet; and when the
admiral landed, he found that the fort and the
Indian houses near had all been burned, ‘‘and
nothing left that had belonged to the Christians,
but only rags and cloths and such like things, as
is usual ina place taken by storm.†Some of
the Indians made timid approaches, and showed
where many of.the Spaniards’ bodies were laid,
and, from the look of the vegetation about them,
they seemed to have been dead for more than a
month. The Cacique’s brother next arrived, and
showed how the friendly Indians had suffered in
defending the Spaniards. The Cacique himself
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 297
was wounded, and his house destroyed. As for
the Spaniards, they had certainly been unfor-
tunate. They had quarreled among themselves
about their gold and Indian wives, and had
broken up the garrison to go in quest of treasure.
Some of the men from Biscay had gone up to
the mountains of Cibao to visit the mines, but
they had been killed by Caonabo, the King of
the Golden Mountains; and Caonabo had come
down with his Caribs, and had burned some of
the Christians in their huts, and the rest he had
driven into the sea. The armies of “Marien,â€
which the Cacique’s brother ruled, had found
that they could do little against the archers of
Cibao; but Columbus, if he pleased, might visit
the wounded Cacique, and see the gashes which
his men had received from the spikes in the
Caribs’ clubs and their barbed arrows and _ poi-
soned darts.
Columbus visited the wounded king, and be-
came convinced of his innocence. He knew at
the same time that no words were enough to
describe the ill-conduct of his lost garrison or the
exquisite pain of his disappointment. Making
the best of what had happened, he determined to
leave the Cacique’s dominions, and go back to
298 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the neighborhood of Monte Christi, within the
territories of Guarionex. It may be mentioned
for the sake of clearness in the story that the
whole island was divided into five kingdoms.
The northwest end belonged to Guacanagiri, the
friendly Cacique, who died in misery, loathed
by his countrymen for having cleaved to their
oppressors to the end. -Next to him, and all
along the eastern coast, were the domains of
Guarionex, a peaceful and easy-going man, who
was afterward seduced into a guerrilla war, and
who perished in the great storm which destroyed
the fleet returning to Spain; and Caonabo the
Carib held the inland range of Cibao and all the
lands down to the southern coast. The region
looking eastward to the cannibals’ islands was
called Higuey; and here also the king took part
in the civil war, and died in one of the greater
massacres. The western part of the island was
called Xaragua, where there were shadowy
woods and a lonely lake with which many
ghostly legends were connected. This country
had no such rich savannas as the plain of the
Vega in the north, or as the famous pastures of
Higuey; but it was celebrated for its flowers and
sweet “‘mamee fruits,†on which the dead were
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 299
supposed to feed, for the size of its trees, and for
the abundance of game in the forest. This was
the birthplace of the famous Anacoana, the wife
of the Carib Caonabo, who went back after her
savage husband’s death and became the Queen
of Xaragua; and she, too, died a horrible death
by public execution, after her chieftains had all
been destroyed in a massacre that followed one
of her famous banquets.
We must now go back to the time when the
Spaniards and Indians were still friends, before
the gold was found, or the war broke out, or the
natives were reduced to slavery. *
Now, at last, in the neighborhood of Monte
Christi, as had been before proposed, a site was
found for the new city of Isabella, intended to
be the seat of government and the capital of the
island. There was a fine haven, we are told,
“‘and a most delicate river not a bowshot awayâ€;
it was not far from the wonderful pastures of the
Vega, fringed with forests of mahogany and
basil wood; and when once the plain was
reached, one had only to climb the mountains on
the other side to be among the mines of Cibao.
The Spaniards had been cooped up for nearly
three months on shipboard, and required rest in
300 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
a healthy air, with plenty of nourishing food.
But they found, upon landing, that their hard-
ships were actually increased. Their provisions
were already running short, and they were called
upon to toil at grinding meal and drawing water,
or at carpenters’ and masons’ work. All this .
hard living, and the heat of the steaming swamp,
soon caused an outbreak of disease. The situa-
tion of the city was ill chosen, as they might
have known by looking at the seaside villages,
where the filthy huts were sodden with damp, and
overgrown with a rank vegetation. The admiral
was ill on board his ship, too weak even to write
his journals, and barely able to keep up author-
ity over his disappointed and mutinous follow-
ers. The best chance of restoring order was to
send an expedition to search for treasure in the
mountains, where Caonabo was said to be en-
throned in a golden palace with his fair queen
clad in garlands of flowers, whom the Indians
called Anacoana, or “the Bloom of the Gold.â€
Ojeda and Gorbolan, two gallant young officers,
were sent out to explore the mines in the region
of Niti and the auriferous streams of Cibao.
Ojeda was completely successful. Every brook
that came from the stony range was found to
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 301
contain gold-dust or grains of ore in its channel.
Ojeda himself picked up a nugget of nine ounces’
weight; ‘‘but the finest thing of all,†it was said,
“was when one of the rocks was struck with an
Indian’s club, and the gold flew out on all sides
in a sparkling shower.†Gorbolan’s party was
almost as fortunate. They had some difficulty
in fording a great river, “broader than the Tagus,
and swifter than Ebro’; but they succeeded
after some days in reaching a hilly region where
the natives talked a great deal about their mines.
One day a chieftain took Gorbolan into a work-
shop where a smith was making ornaments out
of a plate of gold which one man could hardly
carry, and this man readily took them to a place
not far from his cabin, where four streams ran
near together, all very rich in nuggets and glit-
tering ore. This news, says the biographer,
much rejoiced the admiral, who was then recov-
ered from his illness. “Accordingly on the 12th
of March, 1494, he set out from Isabella for
Cibao to see the mines, with all the people that
were in health, on foot and on horseback, leaving
a good guard in the two ships and three caravels
that remained of the fleet, and causing all the
ammunition and tackle belonging to the other
302 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
ships to be put aboard his own, that none might
rebel with them, as they had attempted to do
while he was sick.†Leaving, therefore, his
brother Diego in charge of the fleet, he started
toward Cibao, carrying along with him all the
tools and materials for building a fort, to keep
the province under and secure the Christians left
there to gather gold against any attempt of the
Indians; “and to appear the more formidable he
made his men march under arms in rank and file,
with trumpets sounding and colors flying, as is
usual in time of war.†On Sunday, the 16th of
oe
March, they entered Caonabo’s country, ‘‘and
found it rough and stony, full of gravel, with
plenty of grass, and watered by several gold-
bearing streams; and there were very few trees,
and those mostly pines and palms growing near
the rivers.†The admiral, now considering that
they were eighteen leagues from Isabella, with a
craggy country between, thought it well to build
a fort there, to be called the Castle of St.
Thomas, to command the country round the
mines. He waited to see the foundations laid,
and the walls of clay and timber begun, and re-
turned to Isabella by easy stages; and they were
glad to find on their arrival that all the green
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 393
crops and the vines and canes were doing well.
The admiral, we are told, was well enough
pleased with the air, the soil, and the people.
He had found several indications of mineral
wealth besides the great treasure of the gold: a
little amber near the coast, a vein of lapis lazuli,
and signs of copper in the mountains; he had
found ebony, cedar, and mulberry trees in the
forest, and a kind of fig tree that was said to pro-
duce scammony, besides the frankincense and
spices. We are not surprised, therefore, to find
him writing, even before his successful expedi-
tion, that the beauty of the country was such, in
mountains and rivers and well watered plains,
that “there is no land on which the sun shines
that can make so fair a show.â€
A few days after his return the admiral re-
ceived a sudden request for more soldiers at Fort
St. Thomas. The savage Caonabo had come
home, and was gathering his armies to sweep the
invaders away. Columbus, it is said, paid very
little attention to these threats, knowing how
inconsiderable the Indians were, “and especially
confiding in the horses, by which they feared to
be devoured.†He did, however, send up sev-
enty men with ammunition and stores, because
304 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
he was about to start with the three caravels to
seek for the neighboring continent, and thought
it well to leave all things in security behind him.
While the ships were being fitted out, he super-
intended the building of the city, “dividing it
into streets, with a convenient market place,â€
and endeavored to bring the river to it by a new
channel, making a dam to serve the mills, be-
cause the people were ‘‘weak and indisposed,â€
and could not carry water so far.
The government of the colony was placed in
the hands of a council, of which Don Diego was
the president, and the admiral set out upon his
journey to explore the coast of Cuba, ‘‘not know-
ing, indeed, whether it was an island or a conti-
nent.†He left the port on the 24th of April,
and touched again at Monte Christi and the site
of La Navidad, and afterward at the neighboring
Isle of Tortuga. On the 29th he crossed over to
Cuba, and found a harbor with a narrow en-
trance, spreading out between the mountains
into a grassy lake. A trivial story is told of
their finding a quantity of broiled fish and
oysters, with iguanas and agoutis hanging up to
the trees on the shore, and of the shy Indians
stealing back to say that the fish had been
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 305
cooked in preparation for the banquet of some
neighboring chieftain. This bears out what has
been said of Hispaniola, that fish could not be
kept there uncooked from one day to another,
because of the alternations of heat and damp.
The physician who discussed the matter was no
admirer of the Indian ways; he liked the maize
cakes and fish with capsicum sauce, and had
heard people praise the meat of the agouti; but
as to the rest, he says, ‘‘They eat all the snakes
and lizards and land crabs, so that to my mind
they are more brutal than any of the beasts.â€
The Spaniards seem to have first tasted the
iguana at a banquet given by Anacoana to Don
Bartholomew in 1496, after which they were al.
ways talking about “the sweetness of those
serpents.â€
Before going far along the coast, Columbus
determined to pay a short visit to Jamaica, re-
membering what he had heard on his former ,
voyage about a country called “Babeque,†where
much gold had been found. Approaching the
island on its northern side, he thought that it
was the most beautiful place in the Indies. A
foreground of rolling hills was covered with
groves of pimento. Every valley, as a modern
406 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
historian has said, has its rivulet, and every hilla
cascade, and the rocks overhanging the sea are
veiled with transparent waterfalls; behind the
low hills appears a vast amphitheater of forest,
the outline melting into the distant Blue Moun-
tains, with their summits lost in the clouds.
Columbus was astonished at the multitude of In-
dians, the crowd of archers, and the huge canoes
of cedar and mahogany. The natives at first
showed fight, but after one sharp skirmish they
were peaceable and inclined to trade. But it
soon appeared that the story of the gold was a
delusion, and Columbus started off again to look
for the cities of Asia. As he passed along the
coast of Cuba he met with violent storms, which
broke out night by night, as soon as the moon
arose. “But the worst of it was,†says his son,
“that all over that sea, the further they went, the
more low little islands they met with; and
though there were trees in some of them, yet
others were sandy, and scarce appeared over the
surface of the water.†The nearer they sailed to
Cuba, the pleasanter the islets appeared, and the
admiral gave them all one name together, and
called them the “Queen’s Garden.†They saw
many strange and interesting sights. In one of
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 3°7
the deep channels there were Indians fishing for
turtle with a remora, or sucking fish, after a fash-
ion well known in Africa. On some of the sand
banks stood regiments of scarlet flamingoes, on
others there were gray cranes like those in Spain,
and sea crows, and an infinite number of little
singing birds, “and all the air as sweet as if they
were in a garden of roses.â€
Columbus had expected by this time to have
found the Golden Chersonese, or some civilized
country near the Ganges; and he had dreamed,
with a bold flight of fancy, that he might bring
his little fleet to the Red Sea, or sail home round
the cape which the Portuguese had discovered in
Africa. But after wandering about the flats and
shoals for weeks in great perplexity, he found his
food running short. He never knew that he was
at that moment quite close to the open sea be-
yond Cuba. He thought it was now well proved
that this land which they had followed for hun-
dreds of miles was part of the Asian Continent.
His captains and crews were ready to swear to
the fact, and they all undertook to suffer the
severest penalties if they should ever say any-
thing to the contrary. While he turned the mat-
ter over in his mind, the men began to find prod-
308 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
igies and omens in the natural phenomena of the
tropics. On one day there was a migration of
turtles “of a vast bigness and in such numbers
that they covered the sea’; the next morning a
cloud of sea crows darkened the sun; and for the
whole of the day after that the air was black
with swarms of butterflies. Within a few hours
afterward they began to retrace their course.
On June the 13th they anchored at the Isle of
Pines, and sailing to the south again went up
into a clear, blue channel, which turned out to be
an inland lagoon. They found it shut up, as if it
had been suddenly closed in despite of their
efforts; and the terrified crews thought that the
forces of nature were hemming them in on all
sides. But the admiral kept a cheerful counte-
nance, and thanked Heaven that he was forced
back the way he came, “for if they had con-
tinued on that course they might have run
themselves into some place where they could
hardly get out, when perhaps they might have
neither provisions nor ships for returning, which
now they might easily do.†Back again they,
sailed to the high cliffs of the Isle of Pines, and
then passed with amazement into strange seas,
patched all over with green and white, or thick
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 309
like milk and dazzling to the eye, and then
through waters as black as ink, until at last they
came again to the eastern end of Cuba. The
men by this time were much spent for want of
provisions; “they had nothing for food but a
pound of rotten biscuit in the day, with a half
pint of wine, unless they happened to catch some
fish,†as the admiral wrote in his journal, “and I
myself,†he added, “am on the same allowance.
God grant it may be to His honor and for your
Highnesses’ services, for I shali never again for
my own benefit expose myself to such sufferings
and dangers, since never a day passes but I see
that we are all on the brink of death.â€
About the middle of July they met some
friendly Indians, who relieved them with sup-
plies of yams and cassava bread, and soon after-
ward they pushed across to the southern coast of
Jamaica. “The country all along was most de-
lightful and fruitful, and all the coast full of
towns, the people following the ships in their
canoes, and bringing such provisions as they eat,
which was much better liked by the Spaniards
than what they had found elsewhere.†Colum-
bus noticed the magnificent scenery on this
coast, the gigantic cliffs, and the Blue Mountains
310 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
rising “in stupendous and soaring ridges.†The
land, he noted, was as high as any that he had
ever seen, and he believed that it reached far
above the region that breeds the storms. On
the 2oth of August they reached Cape Tiburon,
the nearest point of Hispaniola, and coasted
afterward as far as the island of Alto Velo, where
the ships parted company foratime. They pro-
ceeded shortly afterward to a “delightful coun-
try†near the Bay of Ocoa, and here they heard
that some Spaniards had arrived, and nine men
were landed to carry news of the admiral across
the country to Isabella, while the fleet proceeded
to Higuey. The weather seemed inclined to
break, and one day a monstrous fish was seen,
which seemed to be the harbinger of a storm.
The description is confused and evidently exag-
gerated, but it may well have been one of the
great horned rays which are sometimes found in
those seas. ‘“‘It was as big as a whale,†the men
said, “and had a great shell like a turtle; there
were two fins like wings, and a tail like a tunny,
and the head, thrust out of the water, seemed to
be as large as a wine cask.†The admiral sought
at once for a harbor, and was so fortunate as to
find the channel behind the island of Saona,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 3it
where he saw an eclipse of the moon, by which
he endeavored to calculate his distance from
Spain. When the ships got together again they
made for the Mona Passage, the admiral having
formed a rash plan of visiting the Carib Isles,
and of killing some of the cannibals and breaking
up their war canoes. But at this point he was
overtaken by illness. His journals came to an
end. He could only say afterward that in going
from Mona to Porto Rico his fatigue, and weak-
ness, and want of proper food “cast him into a
dangerous disease between a pestilential fever
and lethargy, which deprived him of his sense
and memory.†His men took him back to the
colony, where his health at last came back, after
‘ a sickness of five months, attributed to his great
sufferings and extraordinary weakness; “for
sometimes he had not slept three hours in eight
days, which seems almost impossible, were not
he himself and his men witnesses of its truth.â€
CHAPTER XVII.
“ Chains for the Admiral of the Ocean ! chains
For him who gave a new heaven, a new earth,
As holy John had prophesied of me ;
Gave glory and more empire to the Kings
Of Spain than all their battles! chains for him
Who pushed his prows into the setting sun,
And made West East, and sail’d the Dragon’s Mouth,
And came upon the Mountain of the World,
And saw the rivers roll from Paradise.â€
FIvE days and nights Columbus lay crippled
and blinded, and when he woke he saw the faces
of both his brothers at the bedside. The ad-
miral was rejoiced to see Bartholomew’s tall
shape and sturdy countenance. Diego’s gentle
spirit had been too weak to deal with a turbulent
soldiery; but the powers of the president had
been re-enforced by his brother’s timely arrival.
When Columbus had first started from Palos
Bartholomew had been working for his cause in
London, and it was only when bringing back the
English king’s acceptance that he heard how the
task was already done. Too late to join the sec-
ond expedition, he was sent out a few months
312
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 313
afterward in charge of a squadron. He found
the colony in a sad state. The admiral was
away, and Diego could hardly control his col-
leagues. The forces placed under Margarite
were mutinous, and their commander soon after-
ward went home, and left the soldiers to rob and
kill as they pleased. The natives were not slow
to retaliate. Straggling pillagers were cut off in
the woods; a vassal of Gaurionex killed ten in
this way, and burned a hospital with forty pa-
tients. The same chief was blockading the fort
in the Vega. The bold Ojeda still held his own
at St. Thomas, but was hard pressed by the
armies of Caonabo.
Columbus soon received a visit from the Ca-
cique who had befriended him before. He
spoke of his own grievances against the Caribs,
and revealed a general plot for taking the city
and driving the white men into the sea. Colum-
bus at once rose to the occasion. By a bold ex-
ercise of power he appointed his brother to the
new office of Adelantado, or Lord Deputy of the
Indies. The fort in the Vega was relieved, and
Ojeda, in a dare-devil adventure, brought in Cao-
nabo in the shackles which he had mistaken for
ornaments. The Carib’s brother raised an army
314 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
for his rescue, but was beaten and captured in
the opening skirmish. Notwithstanding these
defeats, a huge Indian force assembled in the
woodlands of the Vega; and on the 24th of
March, 1495, Columbus and the Adelantado
marched out with two hundred men-at-arms and
twenty horsemen, besides friendly natives, and
they took with them a score of Majorcan hounds,
as terrible to a naked foe as the firearms or the
steel-clad cavalry. The Spaniards divided their
force so as to attack on two sides at once, but
the Indian lines broke at the first volley, and the
“faint-hearted creatures†fled. It was like the
ancient comedy of the Greeks fighting against
the Sparrow-folk armed only with fish bones.
To Columbus it seemed like a miraculous vic-
tory. The country was thenceforth regarded asa
fair prize of war, and a tribute of gold or cotton
was imposed, according to the nature of the dis-
trict. The Indians were forced to labor, and
were fast sinking into slavery. As a last re-
source they tried to starve their masters, ravaging
the fields and taking refuge in the clefts of the
mountains; but they were hunted like wild
beasts, with only the choice of death by famine
or by the edge of the sword, and the feeble rem-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 315
nant came in at last and yielded a sullen obedi-
ence.
The king and queen had written to the admiral
in gracious terms; but his enemies filled the air
with complaints of the harshness of his govern-
ment, and they railed at the scarcity of the gold,
picked out in grains from the stream, or welded
into small plates, perhaps after ages of labor.
The movement had a double result. Licenses
for discovery were offered to private adventurers,
and it was determined to send out a commis-
sioner to inquire into the alleged abuses. Juan
Aguado was chosen for the post. He was be-
lieved to be the admiral’s friend, and his instruc-
tions were drawn so as to give the least possible
offense. But he took up such an arrogant atti-
tude on arriving at the colony, as if it were his
chief business to collect accusations against
Columbus, that all the Spaniards were convinced
of the admiral’s approaching downfall.
Columbus felt that it was time to meet his
enemies face to face. He announced that he
would return with Aguado, and began to get
together a collection of rarities and valuable
produce. The queen had told him of her delight
in studying these samples of another world, and
316 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
he was anxious besides to prove the value of his
latest discoveries. There were amber and coral
and shells, and flamingoes and macaws, with a
great store of cassia, and precious gums and
spices. He had specimens of ebony and mahog-
any, and “brasil wood†for dyeing; there were
specimens of copper and lapis lazuli, and
golden coronets and masks, with gold ore in
pieces like pigeons’ eggs, and Caonabo’s heavy
chain and necklace, in which the prisoner
was to be paraded before the court in Cas-
tile.
When the ships were just ready for sea, the
port was swept bare by a hurricane, and Aguado
was compelled to wait while a new caravel was
constructed from the wreckage. During this
interval the good news arrived of a discovery of a
gold mine at La Hayna, in the south of the
island. A Spaniard, convicted of stabbing in a
duel, had fled beyond the mountains of Cibao,
and had married the queen of a rich country
through which the Ozama flowed. The Lady
Catalina, to use her adopted name, showed a
gold-field to her new friends where the ore was
abundant and fine in quality; and Columbus felt
sure that he had found the storehouse of Solo-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 317
mon and the sources of wealth that had adorned
the Temple.
The two vessels sailed on the roth of March,
1496, carrying a number of invalids and disap-
pointed adventurers. Caonabo, who died on the
voyage, and about thirty other Indians, were on
board the admiral’s ship. It was long before
they could clear the eastern cape, and for many
days afterward they beat up against the trade
wind, and were forced at last to make for Marie
Galante and Guadaloupe. On the 20th of April
they set out again, “with the wind very scant.â€
A month of misery had passed, with food very
short, and the pilots ‘‘going like blind men,â€
when Columbus made out by the variation of the
compass that they had reached the “hundred
league line.†Then came a few days of great
distress, and the crew were for killing the Indi-
ans, “but the admiral used all his authority
against it, saying that they were human crea-
tures, and ought not to be used worse than the
restâ€; and that night, while the pilots were dis-
puting, he told them to take in sail, because they
were near Cape St. Vincent, and in the morning
they saw the sands of Odemira and the cape
itself in the distance.
318 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
The king and queen received him at Burgos
with undiminished favor. He was allowed to
exhibit his samples of produce, and to give his
own account of his troubles and victories. The
queen was especially interested in the Indians,
and their customs and beliefs. She learned that
“they were not the worst kind of pagans,†since
they had some notion of a Deity and a future
state. Their creed was embodied in barbarian
songs, which they sang in their moonlight
dances. The chiefs had amulets and wooden fig-
ures by which they claimed to control the forces
of nature. They had childish legends about the
origin of mankind, and the transformation of
ancestral beings into birds or frogs or trees.
They were chiefly guided by oracles taken by
’
their sorcerers, or ‘‘medicine men,†who made
themselves mad for the time by inhaling the
powder from a species of acacia.
When Columbus landed he found a squadron
setting out for the colony under Pedro Nino,
whom he had known at Huelva, and he dis-
patched a letter to Don Bartholomew asking for
more gold, and suggesting that all natives con-
cerned in the murder of Spaniards should be
shipped as slaves. The ships came back with
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 319
nothing but prisoners of this kind, though Nino
foolishly boasted that he had “a cargo of gold in
bars.†The disappointment caused a grievous
delay. The admiral was eager to explore the
continent, and hoped by taking a southerly
course to avoid the network of the islands. But
the whole scheme had become hateful to the
public mind. The king was deeply engaged in
an expedition to Naples and the projected mar-
riages of his son and daughter, on which the
greatness of Spain appeared to depend. It was
difficult to get crews together for a fresh voyage,
and the admiral had to be content in the end
with a fleet of six vessels manned almost entirely
by convicts.
He sailed from San Lucar on the 30th of May,
1498, taking a circuitous course to avoid the
French cruisers off Cape St. Vincent. After
spending a few hours at Porto Santo, he went to
Madeira and thence to Ferro, where he sent
some of his caravels across by the ordinary route.
He himself proceeded with half the fleet to the
Cape Verde Islands, intending to strike the
equator and to find his way through the torrid
zone. The cross currents and the hot mists
compelled a change of course, and they sailed
320 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
into a region southwest of Fogo beyond the
range of the trade wind. For eight days there
was a calm, with violent heat; the casks burst
and the provisions were spoiled, ‘and had it not
rained sometimes they thought that they would
have been burned alive.†When the wind re-
vived they made toward the Carib Islands and
saw land one day about noon, and then three
peaks together, and Columbus named the new
country after the Trinity.
Trinidad lies near the mouths of the Orinoco,
and is divided from the continent by two narrow
straits. The sea inclosed between the promon-
tories.is known as the Gulf of Paria. To Colum-
bus it was the “Golfo Triste,†or the “Golfo de
Balena,†a place where he was in peril of the
leviathan; while the names of the Serpent’s
Mouth and Dragon’s Mouth recalled the memory
of his escape from “the heads of the dragons in
the waters.†As they passed along the south of
the island the country looked green and fresh,
with palms by the water’s edge. ‘‘It was like the
gardens of Valencia in Marchâ€; and soon after-
ward they found themselves under an April sky.
They anchored by a smooth strand ‘and took
water from a delicate brook’; and they noticed
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 321
that the sea ran like a turbid river, as happens at
San Lucar when the Guadalquivir is in flood,
“which never ceases flowing toward the bay,
however the tide may rise.†Anchoring next
day at the sandy cape, just within the narrows of
the Serpent’s Mouth, they were nearly over-
whelmed by a sudden flood advancing against
the current. “In the dead of the night,†writes
the admiral, “I heard an awful roaring, and saw
the sea rolling mast-high, with a great wave and a
noise of breakers.â€â€ The anchors gave away, and
the mountain of water passed under the ships
without much harm being done; but it was nec-
essary to leave that dangerous roadstead without
delay, and so with much labor they struggled
through reefs and shoals into the landlocked gulf.
Going northward for a few leagues they reached
two headlands, with green islands between them,
and here they felt the current plunging into the
Dragon’s Mouth, and heard the uproar of the
fresh waters struggling against the tide. This
was, in fact, the only way by which they could
reach the open sea, but to evade the danger they
crossed the entrance of the channel, and coasted
down the opposite shore, hoping that Paria
might prove to be an island, and that they might
322 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
escape on its further side. The coast at first was
wild and broken, but after a time they passed a
sharp promontory, called ‘‘the Needle’s Point,â€
and came into a region of tropical verdure, which
seemed to be “the loveliest country in the world.â€
The natives of Trinidad and Paria were fairer
in complexion than any of the people seen on
the previous voyages. Columbus had expected
to find them as black as negroes in a country so
near the equator, and he had feared, indeed, that
the whole region would have been parched up
like the African deserts. He met some of the
islanders on his passage into the Serpent’s
Mouth. Achief came out witha score or more of
warriors in one of the long cottonwood canoes.
The Indians negotiated, and hung off and on,
but seemed willing to take the toys held out to
them over the side of the ship. The admiral, to
draw them nearer, set a musician on the poop
with tabor and pipe, and told some of the young
mento dance. The natives, taking it as a chal-
lenge, seized bows and bucklers, and let fly a few
arrows at the dancers. The sailors ran for their
crossbows, and began to give the Indians a les-
son; but the canoe moved off to another vessel,
‘clapping close to her side without the least ap-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 323
prehension,†and the warriors were soon enriched
with tin bowls and bits of looking-glass, while
their chief was exchanging his gold coronet for
the pilot’s red cap. They wore their hair rather
long, and cut in the Spanish fashion, and they
had bright scarfs about their heads and bodies,
which looked like the silk handkerchiefs that
form part of the Moorish costume. When the
ships reached Paria the natives came out “in
countless numbers.†Most of them wore orna-
ments of gold or colored stones on their breasts,
and some had strings of pearls on their arms.
The Spaniards thought that the pearls were bred
in the oysters which they saw hanging to the
roots of the mangroves, but the Indians said that
they came from a sea beyond them in the north.
Two boats’ crews were sent ashore to procure
fine specimens for the queen. The sailors were
very hospitably received; they said that there
were two large houses in the village with balco-
nies and rows of seats, and that they had been
regaled with white maize beer and a darker drink
tasting like cider, made from the honeyed sap of
an aloe.
The little vessel called the Postman was sent
on to look for a channel into the ocean, but the
324 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
captain soon came back and reported that no
outlet could be found. He had reached another
fresh-water sea of a circular shape, to which
Columbus gave the name of the Gulf of Pearls,
and there were four bays set at equal distances,
with rivers opening into them, so that Paria was
clearly part of the continent. There was no exit
except through the Dragon’s Mouth, so the ships
were turned toward the headlands again, and
were borne swiftly along the current, and thrust
out by the help of a strong breeze through the
rolling masses of water. After a journey of
some days along the Pearl Coast they crossed
over to Margarita, “the jewel of the islands,â€
and the sandy wastes of Cubagua, where the
pearl fishery was afterward established. They
bought a large quantity of pearls from the fisher-
men, and made arrangements for a future trade.
There is a mention of two groups of rocks, called
the Guards and the Witnesses, and of the coast
stretching on toward Venezuela; “but the ad-
miral said that he could not give such an account
of it as he desired, because through too much
watching his eyes were inflamed, and he was
forced to take most of his observations from the
sailors and pilots.â€
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 325
He seems to have connected his misfortune
with a vision of triumph, as if it was through
these pains that he had visited the outgoings of
Paradise. In the travels of his favorite, ‘“Mande-
ville,†he found the picture of what he witnessed
in the Gulf of Paria. The Fathers had agreed
that Eden was in the ends of the East; so held
St. Ambrose, and Isidore, and the Venerable
Bede. The most learned scholars were of opin-
ion that it was the highest point in the world;
thus said Scotus, and Strabus, and the writer of
the “Historia Scholastica,†and Mandeville even
thought that it reached near the Circle of the
Moon. By its rivers, he said, no man might go,
their shock is so rude and sharp; the water came
down “outrageously in great waves,†so that no
ship could move against it; and he described the
“awful roaring,†and said that “many had be-
come blind, and many deaf, for the noise of the
water.†Columbus was convinced that he had
seen these gigantic cataracts. ‘“There are great
signs,†he said, “that this is the place of Para-
dise; I have never read or heard of fresh water
so abundant and so mixed with the sea.†He
thought that his new ‘‘heaven and earth†were
different from the old world in their nature. At
326 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
the line of a hundred leagues from the Azores
there had been strange frondage in the sea, new
motions of magnetic force, and a change in the
courses of the stars. When he reached the
islands he found a rich verdure and “a most pellu-
cid air’; and as he went deeper into the tropics
the people were lighter in color, and the climate
grew daily more genial. He imagined that this
part of the earth was the highest and closest to
the firmament. He supposed that there was a
gradual rise for some thousands of miles over a
circle comprised in the new hemisphere. Its
outer line was reached at the point where the
face of nature changed, not far from the Azores,
and its center might be found on the equator,
below Paria and the fresh-water sea. ‘‘I have no
doubt,†he adds, “‘that if I could pass beyond
the equator, after reaching the highest point
I should find a mild climate again and fresh
changes in the sea and the stars.†If the great
stream that he had seen was not one of the rivers
of Eden, it must come from ‘‘a vast land in the
south,†of which nothing was known; ‘“‘but the
more I reason on it,†he concluded, “‘the more I |
hold it true that the Earthly Paradise is there.â€
. He reached the colony by the end of August,
rie CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 327
and moved forward to the Ozama River, where
Don Bartholomew was building the new city of
San Domingo, so named in memory of old Do-
menico Colombo. Here the admiral heard the
story of all the quarrels that had followed his
return to Spain. Guarionex had attacked the
fortress in the Vega, because some of his subjects
had been burned for blasphemy. There was a
plot to massacre all the Christians at the full
moon, which came to nothing from the Indians’
ignorance of such calculations. Roldan, to
whom the admiral had intrusted the “rod of
justice,†had set himself up as a protector of the
disaffected. His crew of desperadoes had twice
threatened the fort, and had plundered the stores
at Isabella. They were now idling in Xaragua,
the land of fruit and flowers, and had been joined
by many of the sailors of the ships last sent from
Spain. The admiral’s own relations, Arana and
Giovanni Colombo, were in command of two of
these ships, and they were now awaiting orders
in the port.
Columbus found it almost impossible to pacify
the rebellious alcalde, but after months of par-
leys and bargaining a peace was arranged on very
disastrous terms. The mutineers were allowed
328 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
to send home their prisoners, including even the
daughters of several chieftains, shamefully torn
from their homes to be sold for slaves at Seville;
and one of the main causes of the admiral’s dis-
grace was the queen’s wrath at this outrage on
her “Indian vassals.†Roldan himself, as if in
burlesque, was appointed chief, justice of the
colony, and a catastrophe was certain to occur
when he began to wield his powers against his
wild companions. In September, 1499, the bold
_adventurer, Ojeda, arrived with four ships laden
with slaves from the Carib Islands. This was the
famous voyage in which Juan de la Cosa served
as pilot and Amerigo Vespucci as general ad-
viser. They had followed the admiral’s track by
the Pearl Coast, and far to the west had found a
warlike people who fought them on equal terms,
and they had nothing to show for spoils but a
few hides and jaguar skins. They had now come
across to Hispaniola to lay in cassava bread and
to load a cargo of logwood. Ojeda gave out that
Columbus was in disgrace at home and that the
queen, his only friend, was already at the point
of death. “This Ojeda troubled me much,†the
admiral said, ‘for he announced that he was sent
with promises of gifts and liberties, and collected
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 329
a large band around him.†Roldan was charged
to watch his proceedings and keep him in play,
and he succeeded at last in persuading the visit-
ors to continue their voyage.
Columbus was now nearly worn out with his
troubles. The Spaniards, he complained, made
war on him as if he were one of the Moors. “On
Christmas Day, being forsaken by all the world,
the Indians and rebel Christians fell upon me,
and I was reduced to such distress that to avoid
death, leaving all behind, I put to sea in a little
caravel.†He fell into a trance, and heard mys-
tical words of comfort; all his enemies were to be
scattered, and all his hopes fulfilled; and on that
very day he heard of a broad tract of land “with
gold mines at every step.†This field was in fact
so rich that it employed nearly the whole popu-
lation. One man collected as much as forty
ounces ina day. A huge mass of gold was found
lying in the bed of a brook when Bobadilla had
assumed the government. It was lost in the
storm of 1502, when Bobadilla was drowned with
Roldan and the unfortunate Guarionex:
The hurricane of the latitude on him fell,
The seas of our discovering over-roll :
Him and his gold.
About this time a more serious rebellion broke
339 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
out. Hernando de Guevara, a young nobleman
in disgrace, had retired with hawk and hound to
a hunting lodge belonging to his cousin, Adrian
de Moxica. Their sport led them to the forests
near the salt lake in the territories of Anacoana-
Guevara had visited her court and had betrothed
himself to her child, almost as celebrated for
beauty as her mother, “the Bloom of the Gold.â€
The young man was under Roldan’s supervision.
There were elements of danger in the proposed
alliance, and the consent of the government was
refused. Guevara sent for a priest to baptize the
princess, with a view to immediate marriage; but
Roldan arrested him in her very presence, and ©
sent him as a prisoner to San Domingo. Adrian
de Moxica made off at once to his old haunts
and collected a large force, intending to rescue
his relation and to put Roldan and the admiral
to death. They were foiled by Roldan’s activity,
and were captured at a midnight council; and
Columbus, to whom the matter was referred,
reluctantly sanctioned their execution. “I could
not have acted otherwise,†he afterward said,
“even toward my own brother, if he had sought
to slay me and rob me of the lordship which the
king and queen had placed in my charge.â€
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 331
There was a painful scene when Moxica was led
out to be hanged. He struggled and delayed to
make confession, and Roldan at last lost all
patience, and ordered him to be thrown from the
battlements. Guevara and several of Moxica’s
other companions were also convicted, and were
left for execution in the fortress.
Columbus was now quite ready to leave the
island, and “‘to give up the government of this
dissolute people.†But Bobadilla was already on
his way as a high commissioner with plenary
powers; and on the 2d of August, 1500, his two
ships sailed into the harbor of San Domingo.
As he passed between the banks of the Ozama
he saw on either side a gibbet with a dead Span-
iard, and the first thing he heard on landing was
that several more were lying under sentence of
death. The air was full of complaints against
Columbus and his brothers, and a mob of wit-
nesses came forward to charge them with horri-
ble cruelties. Bobadilla seems to have com-
pletely lost his head. Assuming the whole
power of the government, as he had a right to do
in case of need, he seized the fortress, and placed
Don Diego under arrest. The admiral was in
the Vega when he first heard the news of Boba,
332 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
dilla’s strange conduct, and he had moved to the
neighborhood of La Hayna when he received a
peremptory summons to attend at San Domingo
for trial; and the messengers showed him a letter
from the king and queen requiring implicit obedi-
ence. Don Bartholomew was away in Xaragua,
chasing the last remnant of the rebels, when he
received a note from Columbus advising him to
yield without resistance. As each arrived they
were thrown into irons amid jeers and shouts and
blowing of horns, and after the pretense of a
trial they were all convicted and sent home in
chains by separate ships.
The insults offered to the great admiral, the
finder of a world for Spain, were received at
home with an outburst of anger and indignation.
His own wrath was expressed ina letter sent to
a lady at the court, in which he showed the
meanness and vulgarity of the measures adopted
against him. If he were to be arraigned he had
hoped to be treated in a manner becoming his
great office, as when a proconsul of old was im-
peached for exactions in his province, or some
valiant captain for what he had done ina con-
quered territory. The king and queen accepted
all his explanations, acquitted him of all charges,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 333
and among other marks of their favor invited
him to visit them at Granada. The admiral ap-
peared, erect in his fine dress, and attended by
his squires and pages. He seemed fierce and
angry as he faced the king, but when he met the
queen's looks, as he knelt before her, they both
burst into tears.
CHAPTER XVIII.
“Tn the end
I learned that one poor moment can suffice
To equalize the lofty and the low.
We sail the sea of life: a calm one finds,
And oneatempest ; and, the voyage o’er,
Death is the quiet haven of us all.â€
SEVERAL months were spent at Seville in pre-
paring the mystical “Book of Prophecies†show-
ing that Columbus was destined to recover the
Holy Places as well as to carry light into the
dark regions of the world. The admiral had
renounced his visions of wealth and honor, but
after a time he began to feel the need of another
voyage, in order to find the strait leading past
the Southern Continent into the expanse of the
Indian Sea. He thought that the stream which
hurried past Margarita must have an outlet not
far from the equator. He intended to make the
attempt from Jamaica, being still prohibited from
visiting Hispaniola; and indeed Ovando, the new
governor, had orders not to allow a landing
unless the admiral was actually returning to
334
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 335
Spain. From Jamaica he meant to sail on a
direct line to the neck of water drawn on his
map and placed near the point where he was
afterward barred by the Isthmus.
In the spring of 1502 he went out with four
ships. One of these was under Don Bartholo-
mew’s command, and he took with him on his
own vessel his son Ferdinand, then barely four-
teen years old. The boy’s notes of the voyage
are to be found in the close of the biography;
and a singular charm is added to the story by his
_ fresh descriptions of strange lands, and fishing
adventures, and hand-to-hand fighting with rebels
and savages.
From the Canaries they ran with a fair wind to
“the Woman’s Island,†as the natives called Mar-
tinique, and took in wood and water, and ‘made
the men wash their linen,†as Ferdinand notes.
They lay for a few hours in a quiet roadstead off
Dominica, and then moved upward along the
‘chain of islands till they reached the Carib settle-
ments in Santa Cruz. In the last week of June
they were coasting by Porto Rico, ‘‘the island of
St. John,†and rested in the sunny bay which
had so delighted the sailors in a former voyage.
Here Columbus determined at all hazards to pass
336 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
over to Hispaniola. One of his ships was almost
useless, even under the skillful guidance of Don
Bartholomew. ‘She could carry no sail, and her
side would lie almost under water’; and it
seemed almost impossible that she could keep
up with the others in the passage to Paria.
Columbus arrived at the port of San Domingo on
the 29th, and sent in a request to exchange the
ship for a small caravel at his own cost. He saw
that a fleet of eighteen sail was just ready to
start for Spain, carrying his enemies, Bobadilla
and Roldan, as it turned out, with a treasure of
480,000 sterling, besides his own humble fortune.
He felt sure from signs in the sea and air that
a great storm was coming, and begged that the
fleet might be detained and his own vessels
allowed to run in for shelter. His requests and
warnings were treated with contempt, and .al-
most the whole of the king’s fleet was destroyed
by the predicted hurricane. Columbus found a
safe anchorage, but his three consorts were car-
ried far out to sea. “They all suffered very
much, except the admiral;†and they agreed
afterward, on comparing their adventures, that
“Bartholomew had acted like a good sailor in
going out to weather the gale, but the admiral
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 337
had hugged the shore like a wise astronomer,
because he knew which way the blast would
come.â€
After the storm, says Ferdinand, they had a
little breathing time, and the men were allowed
to go fishing; they harpooned a sunfish asleep,
that looked like a church bell half out of the
water, and they caught a young manatee, which
some took for a real “calf of the sea,†because it
was grazing on the herbage by the shore. An-
other gale seemed to be approaching, and they
moved on to the “port of brasil wood,†where
Ojeda’s freebooters had cut their cargo of log-
wood, and on starting again they were so be-
calmed that they could not make the coast of
Jamaica, but drifted to certain sandy banks
which Columbus called the Wells, because the
men got water by digging pits on the beach.
The weather became very bad, but they strug-
gled on till they reached Jamaica. ‘There the
sea became calm,†writes the admiral, “but there
was a strong current that carried me as far as the
Queen’s Garden without seeing land.â€
He succeeded in reaching the island of Gua-
naga in Honduras Bay, sailing in darkness under
torrents of rain, or driving before the thunder
338 ’ THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
storms. Here they found a people looking like
Caribs, but with foreheads less compressed.
There was a forest of pines as tall as those of
Cuba, and in walking through it the sailors found
a heap of calamine, or zinc ore, used for making
brass, which some of them mistook for gold.
One morning a large trading canoe came along-
side, making up the gulf with goods from Yuca-
tan. “It was as large asa galley, eight feet in
breadth, and all made out of one tree; in the
middle was an awning of palmetto leaves, look-
ing not unlike those of the Venetian gondolas,
which kept all under it so close that neither rain
nor sea-water could do any harm. Under the
awning were the women and children and all the
goods.†There was a crew of twenty-five men,
says the young Ferdinand, but they had not the
courage to defend themselves against our boats;
and the admiral blessed the Providence that gave
him samples of all these commodities without
exposing his men to danger; and he ordered
such things to be taken as appeared most sightly
and valuable. There were bright-colored quilted
stuffs, and painted jerkins, and cotton wrappers
like those of the Moorish women at Granada.
There were bundles of swords of a peculiar kind,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 339
intended apparently for the Mexican market.
They were very long, and made of a hard palm
wood, with channels where the edge should be,
in which were sharp blades of obsidian fixed
with fiber and elastic gum, “as good to cut
naked men as if they were made of steel.†Be-
sides these weapons the Indians had hatchets for
sale, shaped like the common stone axes, but
. made of brass or hardened copper, with plates
and bells of the same mixed metal, and molds for
castings. The provisions for the crew included
maize and yams and other Indian roots. They
had a store of cocoa nibs, which the Spaniards
now saw for the first time, and on these the Indi-
ans seemed to put a high value for making choc-
olate, and also as a kind of money, or medium of
exchange; and it was noticed that they all
stooped at once to pick up any of the berries
that fell down upon the deck; and they had
maize beer for drink, which looked like bright
English ale. The men were asked about the
strait between the two oceans, and seemed to
know it well. They said that it was close to
Veragua, not far to the eastward; but it became
obvious afterward that they had been speaking
of an isthmus, and not of a channel from sea to
346 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
sea. By a curious freak of imagination, Colum-
bus thought that he had found the Massagetz
described by Herodotus, whose savage queen
had once defeated the Persian armies and given
Cyrus his ‘‘fill of blood.†They made much use
of gold and brass, according to the Father of
History; “‘their spears, arrowheads, and battle-
axes are made of brass; their helmets, belts, and
breastplates are adorned with gold; they tie
plates of brass on their horses’ fronts, and use
gilded reins and harness.†The same description
recurs in the works of Strabo and Mela, and was
repeated in the “Cosmography†of Pius the Sec-
ond, to which Columbus gives a reference. ‘‘The
nation of which Pope Pius writes has now been
found, to judge by the situation and other signs, -,
except indeed the horses with poitrels and ;
bridles of gold; but this is not surprising, be-
cause the lands on the coast are only inhabited
by fishermen, and I did not stay there very long,
being in haste to proceed.â€
After leaving Honduras they came to a forest
land, where the Indians were almost as black as
negroes, with tattooed skins and ears distended
so as to hold stones as large as a hen’s egg. The
guide from Honduras called them cannibals, and
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 34i
Columbus was ready to believe it of people so
repulsive in their looks. But when Bartholomew
landed with the other captains to hear mass, and
again when they were taking possession of the
country for Spain, the natives came down loaded
with fat geese, and fowls with woolly crests like -
the hens of Mandeville’s Indian travels, with
roasted fish, and beans, and large, yellow plums,
and a fruit with a prickly husk like a chestnut.
The forest seemed to be full of life. The Span-
iards heard of pumas and jaguars, and saw deer
of different kinds. The coast swarmed with fish
of every sort, as it seemed to the travelers, that
could be found either in Spain or the Indies. The
natives, for the most part, went naked, but a few
chiefs wore tunics or short frocks without sleeves,
and red and white cloths twisted about their
heads. They all had tattooed skins, “looking
very odd,†as Ferdinand said, “with jaguars or
deer, or houses and towers painted all over the
body ;†“but when they want to be fine against a
festival day, their faces are colored black or red:
some have streaks of several colors, some paint
their noses and others blacken their eyes, and so
they adorn themselves to look beautiful, when in
truth they look like so many devils.â€
342 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
For sixty days they tried to make head
against the Gulf Stream in weather so fierce
that it seemed “like the end of the world.â€
Columbus has recorded that his very soul was
grieved at the distress of his little son, “though
he worked as if he had been eighty years
at sea.†“I myself,’ he added, “had fallen ill,
and was many times at the point of death, but
I directed the course from a cabin that I ordered
them to set up on the deck.†In all this time
they only made seventy leagues, but afterward
they reached a point where the land trended
southward and the east wind was no longer such
a hindrance, “and they all gave thanks to God
together, for which reason the admiral gave to
the cape the name of Gracias a Dios.â€
The travelers were now in the land of Cariari,
_a region of enchantments, as the Spaniards sup-
posed, and inhabited by sorcerers of terrible
power, whose spells they could hardly cast off.
The Indians came down in great numbers, and
seemed ready to defend their country. Some of
them were armed with clubs, or bows and arrows,
and others carried palm-wood spears “as black as
coal and hard as horn†and tipped with the poi-
sonous spines of the sting ray. The men, as Fer-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 343
dinand noted, had their hair braided and twisted
round their heads; ‘‘the women wore it short
like ours.†As the Spaniards seemed to be
peaceful, the natives proposed to trade, and
brought out weapons, and cotton jackets and
wrappers, and pieces of the baser kind of gold,
which they hung upon their necks, as the Span-
iards wore their medals and relics. Columbus
was unwilling to take anything from their hands,
and the Indians, in the same spirit, returned
all the trinkets that were given to them. Two
young girls who were brought on board were
found to have “magic powder†concealed in
their dress; and at a conference on shore the
witch doctors threw some of the powder at the
Spaniards, and blew the smoke of a burning resin
against them. “They would have given the
world,†said Columbus, “‘to prevent my remain-
ing there an hour.†On October the 2d he
directed his brother to visit the Indian town, and
to find out the secrets of the land; but the ex-
plorers found little that was remarkable, except
a public hall with walls of plaited canes, and
tombs with embalmed bodies in them, and gilt
headboards, painted with the likeness of the per-
sons buried there, or carved into the shapes of
344 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
animals. An incident which happened as they
were leaving the coast is interesting as a point of
natural history, though Columbus seems to have
regarded it more seriously as a warning of
strange events. One of the archers had shot an
“arguato,†or “howling monkey,†in the woods,
and the creature was at that time strange to the
Spaniards, though they soon afterward saw them
in greater numbers, leaping and swinging among
the trees. These creatures, according to Hum-
boldt’s description, resemble young bears: “the
fur is tufty, and reddish brown, and the face
a blackish blue.†The Indians brought two
peccaries, or wild wood swine asa present; and
they were so savage that the admiral’s Irish
hound would not face them; but the ‘‘arguato,â€
though dreadfully maimed, caught the nearest
peccary’s snout with its prehensile tail, and held
it like a vise till the boar was completely beaten.
The young Ferdinand took the monkey for a
kind of catamount; “‘it frightened a good dog
that we had, but frighted one of our wild boars
a great deal moreâ€; and he notes that it showed
“how these cats go hunting, like the wolves and
dogs in Spain.â€
Columbus took two of the men of Cariari on
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 345
board to serve as guides, but the sailors said that
the ships had no more luck after feeling the
presence of these accursed necromancers. The
Indians took them to the Land of Carambaru,
and the ships sailed between the islands as
through narrow streets, with the boughs of the
trees striking the shrouds. The people here all
went naked, and had golden mirrors and orna-
ments shaped like eagles round their necks.
They offered next to show the Spaniards the
way to the wonderful country of Ciguare, about
which they told the most fantastic tales. Not
only were the people rich in gold, but they wore
coral necklaces and coronets, and also inlaid their
chairs and tables with the same material. They
had fairs and markets, where they traded in pep-
per from India; they had ships’with cannon, and
the men had rich clothes, and wore swords and
cuirasses, and rode fine chargers into battle.
The country was surrounded by the sea, and the
River Ganges was at a distance of ten days’ jour-
ney. ‘‘These lands,†says Columbus, “seem to
have the same bearings compared with Veragua,
as Pisa has to Venice, or Tortosa to Fontarabia.â€
All down the “trade coast†for fifty leagues he
was shown where the gold mines lay, and the
346° THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
towns where the metal was smelted, of which
Veragua was the chief. The natives seemed to
be hostile for the most part, “brandishing their
spears and blowing conchs and beating drums,â€
and using strange incantations; but once or
twice the Spaniards went ashore and _ traded.
When they landed at Catiba they found a multi-
tude of Indians with their king, “who differed in
nothing from the rest except that he was covered
with a large leaf because it was raining hardâ€;
and here, in exchange for a few toys, they pro-
cured nineteen plates of solid gold. The ad-
miral, without making any stay, went on to the
Isthmus of Panama, where he put into a haven
which he called Porto Bello, “because it is beau-
tiful and well ‘peopled, and encompassed by a
well tilled country.†The place was full of
houses a stone’s throw or a bowshot apart,
and it looked, said Ferdinand, like the finest
landscape that a man could imagine. On the
gth of November they sailed out of Porto Bello
eight leagues to the east; but were soon forced
back among the islands, near the place where
Nombre de Dios was afterward built. Here a
boat’s crew chased a canoe, from which the Indi-
ans leaped out and could not be overtaken; “‘or,
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 347
if one were overtaken, he would dive like a duck
and come up again a bowshot or two away; and
this chase was very pleasant, seeing the boat
labor in vain and come back empty at last.â€
The weather had broken by this time, and the
ships took shelter in the little creek of Retreta,
about ten leagues east of Porto Bello, “with risk
and regretâ€; and on leaving it the storm began
again, “and wearied me,†says Columbus, ‘‘so
that I knew not what todo.†“An old wound
opened, and for nine days I had no hope of life;
no eyes ever sawasea so high and fierce with
foam.†It seemed, he wrote, as if it were a sea
of blood, seething like a caldron on a mighty fire.
The sky burned like a furnace, and flamed with
lightning for a day and a night. When the
storm abated the ships were followed by a multi-
tude of sharks; and some thought that they
boded mischief, because they cantsmell out death
like ravens; but they turned out to be very good
food for the men, who had nothing but biscuit,
“so full of weevils,†said the boy, ‘‘that, as God
shall help me, I saw many that stayed till night
to eat their sop for fear of seeing them.â€
They could hardly keep count of the storms
that thwarted them on this ‘Coast of Contradic-
348 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
tions.†If they trimmed their sails for Veragua
the west wind rushed out against them ‘‘like a
man waiting for his enemy.†If they made for
port again, the east wind rose and thrust them
from shore. At one time the crews were resting
at the end of a large bay when they made a
strange discovery. ‘‘We went ashore,†says Fer-
dinand, ‘‘and saw the people.living like birds on
the tops of the trees, laying sticks across from
bough to bough and building their huts upon
them; and, though we knew not the reason of the
custom, we guessed that it was done for fear of
their enemies, or of the griffins that are in this
land.†The last words seem to contain a refer-
ence to the admiral’s new theory that they had
found a Scythian people belonging to the north-
ern parts of Asia.
When the new year began, all hopes of finding
the strait were abandoned. Columbus now be-
came anxious to see the mines of which he had
heard so much when he was skirting the shores
of Costa Rica. Arriving at a river near Veragua,
he named it Bethlehem, because they landed
there on the Feast of the Epiphany, and pre-
pared to establish a small settlement there, leav-
ing Don Bartholomew in command while he
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 349
returned home for supplies. An exploring party
went up to Veragua and found a large, open
town, like the straggling villages in Biscay.
They were hospitably received by Quibio, or
“the Quibian,†as they called the lord of the dis-
trict, and were taken up to a mountain, where
the gold lay on the surface or entangled among
the roots of the trees. This ‘“‘Quibian†was
showing the riches of a country belonging to his
enemies; but it turned out that there were mines
in his own district where a man might collect in
a few days “as much ore as a child could carry.â€
The admiral remembered the saying of Josephus
that the treasure of the Temple had been
brought from a golden peninsula a few days’
journey from India, and he felt sure that he had
found this rich region at Veragua, where he saw
more signs of gold in two days than in all the
years in which they had known Hispaniola. “I
think more,†he wrote, ‘‘of this opening for
trade, and the lordship over these great mines,
than of anything else in the Indies; and this,
indeed, is such a son as must not be left to the
care of a stepmother.â€
The natives seemed to lead an easy life. The
chiefs strutted in fine robes and feather crowns
350 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
braided with gold. They did little but chew
cocoa paste, “mixing a powder with the leaf ina
singular fashion,†and their followers chewed
another leaf which made their teeth very black.
They had little game or venison, but plenty of
grain, roots, and fruit of many kinds, and a great
variety of liquers. They made one kind of wine
from the pineapple and another from the peach-
like “‘mamee,†and had drink brewed from palm
nuts, besides the sharp and brisk maize beer and
the cider-like ‘‘pulque†from the aloe. Their
chief business was to lay in stores of baked fish,
which they prepared with ‘wonderful patience,
wrapping it up in dry leaves “as apothecaries do
with their drugs.†For the large fish they made
hook and bait in one out of turtle shell, which
they cut by sawing it up and down with a fiber;
and they had seines for the shoals in the bays
and contrivances of mat work and netting for the
swarms of fry. The flying fish were mostly
taken at the mouths of rivers with canoes fitted
up with palmetto screens, against which the fish
leaped when the water was beaten with paddles.
A few houses were built for those who were to
stay behind, and a scanty store of provisions was
placed out of reach of danger, Columbus him-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 351
self was getting ready for sea, though his three
available ships were leaky and worm-eaten, and as
full of holes as a honeycomb. It was suddenly
discovered that the Indian chief was preparing to
massacre the settlers as soon as the fleet had
sailed, and the admiral determined as a counter-
stroke to carry him off with all his wives to
Spain. Don Bartholomew captured “the Quib-
ian†with his own hands after a desperate strug-
gle, and he was carried down to the boat with his
wives and children and _ principal followers.
Their captivity was of short duration. The in-
domitable Indian, though shackled hand and
foot, plunged overboard and dived to the shore;
some of the other prisoners burst open the ship’s
hatches and swam to land through the surf, and
the rest hanged themselves in the hold, though
the beams were so low that their feet and knees
were dragging on the floor.
The settlement at Bethlehem was at once
attacked. Accounts of the fighting have come
down to us from Don Ferdinand, and from the
brave Diego Mendez, who afterward carried a
message from Jamaica to Hispaniola in a frail
native canoe. Their stories are full of a frolic
humor and a gay courage in face of death and
352 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
disaster. The first that they knew about the
assault was a sudden shout at their doors, and
the javelins coming through the thatch. Don
Bartholomew, they said, ran out at once with his
spear and laid about him, and the Indians danced
‘to and fro with their darts, like the picadors at a
bullfight; they ran forward to cast, and then
rushed back, as the young men do at home when
they tilt with the bulrush spears. But they soon
made for the woods when they felt the edge of
the Spanish swords and the teeth of the Irish
wolf dog. One comical fellow, says Ferdinand,
ran straight back into the house. “This way, this
way, Sebastian!†cried Mendez. ‘Where are you
off now, in such a hurry?†‘‘Let me be,†said
the sailor in his Italian: “Lasctarmt andar, Dia-
volo! Yam going to put myself away.†They
laughed again at the pedantry of Diego Tristan,
who was on the river close by with two boats’
crews, and who would not join in the fight for fear
of losing part of his force. The battle ended
with an advance of the picked warriors armed with
heavy palm-wood clubs; “but none of them got
home,†says Mendez, “for with our swords we
cut off their arms and legs.†Next day the aus-
tere Diego Tristan went up the river to get water
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. - 353
for the fleet, and came to a terrible end. His
boats were in a bend of the stream between
woods too thick for a landing, when they were
surrounded by a fleet of canoes with four or five
Indians in each, and every man of the crews was
killed, except one who dived to the shore and
made his way home through the forest. “The
Indians took the boats and broke them to
pieces,†says Mendez, “and this caused us much
vexation, for the admiral was at sea without
boats, and we were on shore deprived of the
means of going to him.†“We were all in the
same trouble and confusion,†as Don Ferdinand
wrote from the ship, “as those who were left on
land.†The admiral, he adds, was lying in an
open roadstead, with very few men; and those
on shore, ‘‘seeing the bodies drift down, covered
with wounds, and followed by swooping and
screaming crows,†took it as a bad omen, and
feared the same end for themselves. They ac-
cordingly abandoned the village and encamped
upon the open beach, making a shift to defend
themselves behind casks and boxes. The Indi-
ans were gathering in great strength, and the
woods were full of the noise of their conchs and
drums; “but we had two good brass falconets
354 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
with plenty of powder and ball, with which we
frightened them off.†The admiral, as it turned
out, had one boat left, and after some days he
succeeded in sending a message ashore by one
Peter Ledesma, a man of gigantic strength, who
was rowed within a short distance from land, and
then plunged and swam through the surf. The
party on shore were taken off on a raft, their
ship being useless, and the little fleet set out
once more toward Porto Bello, where Columbus
was forced to abandon one of the three remain-
ing vessels, “being all worm-eaten through and
through.â€
In the: Jamaica letter, Columbus records the
agony of mind in which he abandoned his golden
dreams. He was almost alone, outside the Beth-
lehem River, consumed by a raging fever, and
worn out by fatigue. “All hope of escape was
gone. I toiled up to the highest part of the
ship, and with quavering voice called on your
Highnesses’ war captains to come from the four
quarters of the heavens to succor me, but there
was no reply, and I fell asleep lamenting, and
heard the voice of compassionâ€; and these were
the concluding words which he heard or seemed
to hear: “Fear not, but trust; all these tribula-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 355
tions are graven in the rock, and not without
cause.†On this the weather had cleared, and he
was able to rescue his men. He would have
remained to defend the fort, but he doubted
whether any ships would ever again come that
way, and his action was decided by the thought
that he might help himself, instead of waiting
for help from others. On May Io, 1504, they
arrived at the Queen’s Garden, about ten leagues
from Cuba, or as Columbus thought, “at the
province of Mango, next to Cathayâ€; they were
battered by storms, and lost almost all their
tackle, and the crews were almost dead with fear.
The two ships collided and all but sank, the
water rising nearly to the decks, though all hands
were at the pumps and baling with pans and ket-
tles. “My vessel,†says the admiral, “was on
the very point of sinking, when the Lord miracu-
lously brought us to jand. Who will believe
what I write? I say that in this letter I have
not told the hundredth part of the wonders that
happened on the voyage.â€
They saved themselves by putting into a har-
bor on the coast of Jamaica, ‘‘but though good
enough asa shelter in a storm,†the port had no
fresh water in its neighborhood, and they could
456 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
not see any Indian village. “We made the best
shift that we could,†says Ferdinand, ‘‘and
moved eastward to another harbor, called Santa
Gloria, which was inclosed by rocks on three
sides; and having now got in, and being no
longer able to keep the ships above water, we ran
them ashore as far as we could, stranding them
close together, board to board, and shoring them
up so that they could not budge; and in this
posture the water came up almost to the decks,
upon which, and upon the poops and forecastles,
sheds were made for the men to lie in, to secure
themselves against the Indians.†They had
come to their last ration of biscuit and wine, but
the natives were peaceable, and brought in
plenty of food. “The Indians sold us two little
creatures like rabbits for a piece of tin, and cakes
of bread fora few glass beads, and when they
brought a good store they had a hawk’s bell, and
sometimes we gave a great man a little looking-
glass, ora red cap or pair of scissors, to please
them.†There was a danger, however, that this
peaceful. state of things might come to an end,
and Columbus was anxious to let his position be
known in Hispaniola. We have a record of his
conversation with Diego Mendez, who was now
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 357
his chief secretary. The admiral, says Mendez,
called me aside, and spoke of his peril, address-
ing me as follows: “Diego Mendez, my son, not
one of those who are here has any idea of our
great danger, except myself and you, for we are
but few in number, and these wild Indians are
numerous, and very fickle and capricious; and
whenever they may take it into their heads to
come and burn us in these two ships, which we
have turned into straw-thatched cottages, they
may easily do so by setting fire to them on the
land side, and will so destroy usall.†He then
proposed that Mendez should make his way to
Hispaniola in a canoe, and should buy a ship and
stores at the admiral’s cost. The secretary
doubted if success .wete possible, but finally
agreed to make the attempt. The admiral, he
said, rose and embraced him, kissing him on the
cheek, and saying, “Well did I know that there
was no one here but yourself who would dare to
undertake the enterprise.†After one failure, in
which he nearly lost his life, Mendez succeeded
in reaching the colony, where he found Ovando
engaged in the campaign against Xaragua. “He
kept me with him,†said Mendez, “until he had
burned or hanged eighty-four Caciques, and with
358 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
them Anacoana, the principal lady of the island;
and when that expedition was over I went on
foot to San Domingo, and waited there till the
storeships should come from Spain.†In the
course of the spring, three vessels sailed in
together; and Mendez bought one of them
on the admiral’s account, and sent her off to
Jamaica, well supplied with meat and biscuit.
During the year which Columbus spent at
Santa Gloria he was confronted by troubles of all
kinds. The Indians became tired of supplying
food, “being a people,’ said Don Ferdinand,
“that takes little pains in sowing, and we eating
more in one day than they did in twenty’; but
their childish minds seem to have been subdued
by the admiral’s prediction of an eclipse “with
an angriness and color of blood in the moon,â€
since they believed that such eclipses had always
brought disaster upon them. Only one short
message had been received from Hispaniola in
answer to his demand for assistance. A small
caravel put into the port one evening with a
dispatch from Mendez and a curt message from
the governor of the colony, who regretted that
he had no ships ready for the relief of the ship-
wrecked crews. The captain handed down a
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 359
cask of wine and two sides of bacon as a compli-
ment, and, having received a letter for Ovando,
went back that same night. His sailors had
been forbidden to speak to anyone on shore, and
there was an air of mystery about the whole
transaction. Columbus endeavored to make the
best of the case, declaring that ships would be
sent to carry them all away, but many of his fol-
lowers persuaded themselves that he had prac-
ticed an illusion, and that “this was no true cara-
vel, but a phantom of that black art in which the
admiral was well skilled.†They had long been
convinced of his supernatural powers, thinking
that his “rough magic†had raised the great
storm in which his enemies had perished at His-
paniola, as though he were the master of such
powers as he who cried:
I have bedimmed
The noontide sun, called forth the mutinous winds,
And ’twixt the green sea and the azured vault
Set roaring war.
This idea seems to have influenced the pro-
ceedings of the mutineers, who did not dare to
attack the admiral themselves, though they con-
tinually incited the Indians to kill him. At the
beginning of the year 1504, Francisco de Porras,
one of the ship’s captains, had broken into open
360 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
rebellion. He took command of a band of fifty
mutineers, and insisted that Columbus should
take them home. “What is the meaning, my
lord, that you will not go to Spain, but keep us
all perishing here?’ He demanded that they
should all be embarked at once, crying out, “I
am going to Spain with all who will follow me,â€
and his men began to shout, “We will all go with
you !†or “Death! death!†and ‘‘Spain! Spain!â€
They possessed themselves, says Ferdinand, of
the forecastle, poop, and roundtops, all in confu-
sion. The admiral was in bed, so ill of the gout
that he could not stand. “Yet he could not for-
bear rising and stumbling out at this noise; but
two or three of his servants laid hold of him, and
with much trouble put him on his bed that the
rebels might not murder him. They then ran to
his brother, who had courageously come out with
a half-pike in his hand, and thrust him in to the
admiral, desiring Porras to go about his business,
and not do a mischief that they might suffer for.
The desperadoes went off with the canoes which
Columbus had been collecting, and lived upon
what they could take from the Indians, “waiting
for fair weather and destroying the country.â€
After several vain attempts to pass over to His-
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 361
paniola, they came back to the neighborhood of
Santa Gloria, where Don Bartholomew went out
with about an equal force to meet them. The
rebels, thinking themselves to be the stronger
party, charged in a body, with shouts of ‘‘Slay!
slay!†Six of their best men, including the
gigantic Ledesma, and Sanchez, who had been the
first to draw his sword on the admiral’s deck,
were banded together under an oath to kill Don
Bartholomew. “If he were killed,†they said,
“they would make no account of the rest.†But
Bartholomew fell on them so fiercely that most
of their picked men were killed in the first
charge. Porras himself was taken prisoner; San-
chez was among the killed, and Ledesma was
found at the foot of a rock from which he had
fallen, with a crowd of Indians round him,
amazed at his desperate wounds. The other
rebels soon afterward came in, and bound them-
selves with many vows to do their duty in the
future.
The admiral’s ship, with a caravel lent by
Ovando, arrived a few days afterward, “and on
the 28th of June, 1504,†says Ferdinand, “we
proceeded with much difficulty, the winds and
currents being very contrary, and arrived at San
362 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
Domingo on the 13th of August in great need of
rest.â€
The letter which Columbus wrote from Ja-
maica in the previous year expresses the sense of
disappointment and defeat that darkened the
close of his life. “The honesty of my service
and these unmerited affronts would not let my
soul be silent, if I wished it. I pray your High-
nesses’ pardon. I am lost, as I have already
said. For others I have wept before; but now ~
let Heaven have mercy upon me, and let the
whole earth weep!â€
-His son describes the final troubles of the voy-
age. Of their two ships, one had soon to put
back, but the other pressed forward through a
terrible storm. On the 19th of October, the
weather being fair, the mainmast split into four
pieces; but they managed to rig up a jury-mast,
though the admiral could not rise from his bed
to direct them. The foremast went soon after-
ward, but crippled as they were, they managed to
sail for seven hundred leagues, and arrived on
the 7th of November at the harbor of San Lucar.
While Columbus was at his old home in
Seville, he heard: of the good queen’s death. He
_ writes sadly to his son Diego, grieving at the loss
THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS. 363
of his protector and best friend: “We trust that
she rests in glory, far from all care for this rough
and weary world.†Columbus made repeated
applications for the arrears due to his men, and
the restitution of his dignities. He could get no
answer of any kind. King Ferdinand had as-
sumed the regency, but he had no real power to
control the revenues of Castile, and his mind was
engrossed in the attempt to postpone his daugh-
ter’s accession. In the spring of 1505 Columbus
had an audience at Segovia, and followed the
court from that time, pleading for his rights, and
offering to serve the State again, “though the
gout was working him without mercy.â€â€™ He was
always received with the same cold politeness.
The restitution of his dignities was delayed, and
all questions of revenue were referred to a tedi-
ous arbitration, though Columbus was fast. sink-
ing into poverty. He was pressed to exchange
his claims for an estate and a pension in Castile,
“the Indies showing daily more and more what
they were like to be, and how great would be the
admiral’s share.†Columbus wrote that, if the
king would not keep his word, it was useless to,
contend with him. “‘I have done all that I
could, and I leave the rest to God.†There was
364 THE CAREER OF COLUMBUS.
one last gleam of hope when he heard that Philip
and Juana had landed. Don Bartholomew car-
ried a letter to Corunna, tending the admiral’s
homage, and offering to do such service as the
world had never seen. A few days afterward all
hope was gone. The disease that had so long
oppressed Columbus took a sudden turn for the
worse, and he died in the inn at Valladolid upon
Ascension Day, the 21st of May, 1506. He was
buried in that city in the Church of Santa Maria
la Antigua; but his body was removed six years
afterward to Seville, and King Ferdinand built
him a tomb, in which his remains rested for a
time before their removal to the Indies. “An
epitaph,†writes his son, “was cut upon the tomb
in Spanish, and the words were these: ‘A Cas-
tilia y a Leon, Nuevo mundo did Colon’: words
well worth observing, because the like cannot be
found either among the ancients or the mod-
erns.â€
INDEX.
A
Acacia, 318
Acunha, Trisdan d’, 78
Adam of Bremen, 131, 161, 201
Adelantado, Office of, 313
- Aithicus, Cosmography of, 42,
94, 172
Agouti, 245, 304
Aguado, Juan, 315-16
Ailly, Pierre d’, 133
Albania, 163, 173
Albisola, Orbisola, 7, 17
Alciati, 36
Alexander the Great, 162, 173-
4, 176
Alexander the Merchant, 129
Alfragan, 130
Almadia, 210, 243
Aloes, 20, 58, 290, 292, 350
Alto Velo, 310
Amaricus, 131
Amazons, Isle of, I61, 265,
268, 287
Amber, 59, 127, 220, 303, 316
Amico, Antonio de, 26
Anacoana, 300, 305, 330, 358
Andalusia, 231, 279, 284
Angelfish, 152
Antilla, 107, 115, 136, 157
Antigua, 293
Antipodes, 32, 124
Antwerp, Trade of, 59
Arabia, 155
Arana, Family of, 225, 327
Archangel, 194
Archers, English, 202, 265, 342
—— Indian, 294, 297, 306, 242
Archil, Orchilla, 100, or
Arctic Circle, 121, 131, 133,
I40, 151, 155, 165
Arguato, 344
Arguin Island, 112
Aristotle, 43, 45, 108, 116, 118,
125
Arngrim, The Learned, 167-8
169
Assegai, 221
Astrachans, 58
Astrolabe, 219
Atalanta, I17
Atlantis, 109, 117
Attila Lay, 177
Azores, 105-8, 118, 158-9, 207
II, 230, 267, 271-2, 275,
281, 283, 326
Azumbaja, 219
366
B
Babeque (see Jamaica),256, 258,
305
Bacon, Francis, 188, 191
Bacon, Roger, 95, 133
Bahama Bank, 276
Baltic, 50, 155, 161
Baldo, 31, 36
Bambothus River, 113
Bantry Bay, I9g1
Barbadoes, 115
Barbary, trade of, 60
Barcelona, 282-6, 292
Bardson, Ivor, 182
Battles—
Bethlehem River, 351
Brest, 50
Cape St. Vincent (1470),
57, 71-74
Cape St. Vincent (1485),
12, 57, 72-3
Cyprus, 57
Genoa, 46
Guinegette, 50
Navidad, 296-7
Ravenna, 78
Rif, 149-50
Samana, 265, 295
Santa Cruz, 293
Santa Gloria, 361
Santa Maria, 271
Stamford, 67
Tunis, 55-6
Vega, 314-15
Viverro, 50, 52-5
Bavarello, Giacomo, 32, 30
Beccaria, Antonio de, 116
Bede, The Venerable, 325
INDEX.
Beer, 200, 323, 339, 350
Behaim, Martin, 219
Behemoth, 43, 113
Bellini, Gentile, 77
Benin, 207
Bergen, 146, 149, 153, 184
Bernadigio, Antonio di, 44
Bernardo of Sestri, 18
Béthancourt, 96
Bethlehem, River, 348-54
Bissagos, Islands, 113
Bjarney, or Disco Island, 179,
183
Bjorn of Scardsa, 178-9
Bjorn Thorleifsson, 149, 165-6
Bjorn Heriulf’s Son, 169
Blue Mountains, 306, 309-10
Bogliasco, 7
Bohio, Hispaniola (see Hispan-
iola), 249, 254, 256-9
Bojador, Cape, 97-8, 112
Bona Vista, 209
Booby, Gannet, 102-3, 233
Bobadilla, 329, 331, 336
Book of Prophecies, 324
Bovadilla, The Huntress, 208
Boverio Family, 26
Bracciforti, 87
Brasil wood, 299, 316, 337
Bressay, 191
Bristol, 138, 141, 149-51
Bruges, Trade of, 59
Bryniulf of Skalholt, 165
Burgos, 318
Cc
Cadamosto, 100
Cadiz, 57, 109, I17, 119, 123,
154, 286-7
INDEX.
Calais, 20, 149°
Calamine, 328
Camara dos Lobos, 93, 96
Canary Isles, 96, I0I-4, 114,
I27, 207, 215, 229, 256,
266, 272, 287
Candia, 19, 101
Cannibals, 161, 201-3, 255, 266,
287, 291, 294, 298, 311,
340-41
Canoes, West Indian, 210, 261,
306, 309-I1, 322, 328,
346-7, 350, 353, 357, 360
Canynge, William, 149
Caonabo, 297-300, 302-3, 313,
317
Cape Coast Castle, 216, 219
Cape Verde Islands, 114, 129,
208-10, 225, 235
Capiscum, 217, 305
Caramansa, 220-I
Carambaru, 346
Cariari, 342-5
Caribs, 205, 289-90, 297, 313,
320, 328, 335, 338
Carthage, 39, 97, 107-9, 114,
208
Casenove, Coulon (see Colum-
bus)
Caspian Sea, 163, 173, 176
Cassava, 257, 260, 292, 328
Cassia, 316
Catalina, the Indian, 316
Cathay, 3, 107, 135-6, 156,
228, 237, 277, 359
Catiba, 346
/Cattigara, 83, 129
Cazel, Robert de, 49
307
Ceiba-tree, 254, 291
Chariot of the Gods, 113
Charles the Bold, 50, 54, 65-7
Charles the Eighth of France,
72
Cibao, 262, 297-302, 316
Ciguare, 345
Ciguayo Indians, 215, 265
Cinnamon, 20, 40, 58, 122,
290
Cipango (Japan), 99, 107, 134,
136, 157, 237, 249, 262
Clear, Cape, 158
Cloves, 122, 289
Coca, 350
Cocoa, 329, 350
Cod-fishery, 140-1, 152, 198
Coffer-fish, 257
Colombi, of Cogoletto,7,9, 10,16
—— of Corsica, 9, 17-18
— of Cuccaro, Io
of Montferrat and Pia-
cenza, IO-II
Colombo, Giovanni, 327
of Oneglia, 13, 17-18
Colombo of Terra-Rossa, 15,
24
de Terra-rubea, 24
—— Antonio, 24
—— Bortolomeo (see Columbus)
Battestina, 25
—— Biancinetta, 18, 22, 30
Cristoforo (see Columbus)
— Domenico, 10, 24-9, 327
—— Giacomo (see Columbus)
— Giovanni, 24-5
—— Giovanni-Pelegrino, 18, 28
—— Susanna (see Fontanarossa)
368
Columbus, Bartholomew—
born at Quinto, 18
—— —— journey to England,
312
———-appointed Adelan-
tado, 313
—— —— in Hispaniola, 305,
313, 327-8
arrest of, 332-3
—— ——- voyage to Honduras,
335-6, 340
at Veragua, 349-50
-—— —— in Jamaica, 361-2
at Corunna, 364
Columbus, Christopher—
his family, 3-17, 24-30,
87, 327
his father and mother, 10,
I§--18, 24-30, 327
at Genoa, 21, 46
at Pavia, 31-9, 43-5
at Savona, 17, 26-7, 48
at Porto Santo, 106, 206
serves with privateers,
48, 52, 56-8, 70-4
Mediterranean voyages, 5,
17, 47-8, 106
— to the Azores, 106, 207,
210-11
Canaries, 207
Cape Verde Islands, 208-9
English Channel, 67-8
North Sea, 71, 106, 150-5,
205
Arctic Circle, 5, 138-40,
150-2
Senegambia and Guinea,
207, 212-20
INDEX.
Columbus, Christopher—covi7’d.
at Lisbon, 47, 73-4, 81-2,
85-90, 134, 273
marries Philippa Moniz,
87-90
his portraits, 76-81
settles in Spain, 225-7
Beatrix Enriquez, 225
First Voyage to West Indies,
103, 215-16, 227-06
return by the Azores,
267-73
Second voyage, 39, 71, 102,
120, 286
Third voyage to Paria, 320-5
his arrest and return,
331-2
Fourth voyage, 335-62
at Honduras, 337-41
in Veragua, 346-54
flight to Jamaica, 356-62
final return, 362
last illness and death,
363-4
Columbus, Diego—
Christopher’s eldest son,
QI, 226, 362
at Porto Santo and Ma-
deira, 106, 206
at Cordova, 270
makes payments at Sa-
vona and Lisbon, 28-85
sees beginning of second
voyage, 287
his last will, go
Columbus, Ferdinand—
son of Beatrix Enri-
quez, 225
INDEX.
Columbus, Ferdinand—con?’d.
at Cordova, 270
Conversations with the
Admiral, 4-5, 33, 73,
128-41
writes on pedigree of
Columbi, 6, 7, g-I0,
12-14
Essay on the Zones, 139
on battles at Cape St.
Vincent, 12, 72-4
on his father’s marriage,
go
on Carthaginian voy-
ages, II7-I9
on early life of Colum-
bus, 103-4, 134-5, 159,
193
on the first expedition,
229, 285
sees second fleet start,
286
his adventures on the
fourth voyage, 325-61
Columbus, Giacomo (Don
Diego)—
born at Genoa, 18
voyage to Hispaniola, 28
in command of fleet, 302
President of Council,
304, 312
sent back to Spain, 331
Columbus, French Vice-Admi-
ral--Coulon de Casenove,
13, 14, 48-55, 62, 70
his family, 49, 51
services under Louis the
Eleventh, 49-50
369
Columbus, (Coulon de Case-
nove) cont'd,
his action at Viverro, 50, 52-5
imprisoned, 62
Columbus the Younger—
Nicolo Griego, or Colombo,
12, 13, 48-9, 51, 55-7,
64-5, 68-73
known as Pirate Colombo, 13
in English Channel, 65, 67-70
at Cape St. Vincent (1470),
71-74
off Cape St. Vincent (1477),
71, 154
takes Flanders galleys (1485),
12, 57, 72
his action off Cyprus, 57
Como, 7, 77
Concepcion Island, 244, 276-7
(see Guanima)
Copenhagen, 149, 165
Copper, 291, 303, 316, 339
Coral, 243, 276, 293, 345
Cordova, 226, 259, 270
Correa, Pedro, 90, 92, 104, 207,
211
Corsica, 9, 17
Corunna, 364
Cosa, Juan de la, 234-6, 282,
284, 328
Cosmas, 43
Costa Rica, 348
Cotton, 242-4, 249, 253-5, 315,
343
Crab, various species of, 103,
232, 246, 305
Crane, 307
Crato, Prior of, 280
37°
Crayfish, 253
Crispi, Alberto di, 45
Cristofano dell’ Altissimo, 79
Cuba, 211-13, 250-8, 264,
276-8, 355 (see Juana)
Cubagua, 324
Cuccaro, 10, 11
Cuneo, Corrado di, 28
Cyprus, 19, 57
D
Deedalus, 196
Dartmouth, 69-70, 265
Decio, Filippo, 37
Degree, measure of, 130-1,
139-40
Denmark, 140, 149, -168, 185
Desertas, 99
Dicuil, 131
Diodorus Siculus, 39, 44, 108,
TIO, 120, 174
Diogenes, voyage of, 128
Disco Island, 179, 183
Dittmar Blefken, 168
Dog-faced Tribes, 161, 255
Dogs, Indian, 245, 252, 291
Trish, 344, 352
—— Majorcan, 314
Dominica, 288, 335
Dorado, 235
Dragon’s Blood, 93
Dragon’s Mouth, 320-1, 324
Dragon-tree, 92-4
Drift-ice, 132, 142-3, 152, 190
Drogio, 191, 201-3
E
Eaglewood, 248, 255
INDEX.
Ebony, 303, 316
Edward the Fourth of Eng-
land, 65-6, 70, 218
Elmina, 218-19, 222-3 (see St.
George’s Fort)
Emperor-fish, 235
England—
negotiations with Columbus,
2, 24, 312
trade with Genoa, 19, 59
Iceland, 139, 140,
150-51, 165-6
—— —— Norway, 153-5
Venice, 56-61,63-6
Wars of the Roses, 66-70
Wool Trade of, 20, 59-60,
149
English Fleet at Calais, 67
—— — at Havre, 69
at Dartmouth, 70-1
Enriquez, Beatrix, 225
Eric the Red, 163-72, 174-9,
181
Esdras, Book of, 41, 43
Eskimo, 173, 175, 184
Estotiland, 191, 199-204
Etna, Mount, 209
Eudoxus, voyage of, 97
Eugenius the Fourth, 135, 184
Euphorbia, 248
Exuma 244-6,
nandina)
277 (see Fer-
F
Farée Isles, 132, 140, 164, Igo,
198-205
Fata Morgana, 212
Faventia, Stefano di, 44
INDEX.
Fayal, 157, 211
Ferdinand of Arragon, 47,71-2,
76, 281, 318-19, 363-4
Ferdinand and Isabella, 2-3,
34, 226-8, 238, 282
at Barcelona, 282-4
letters from, 254, 315, 332
letters to, 215-16, 228-9,
260-2, 269-70, 309, 304-5,
362
Ferdinand of Sicily, 52-5
Ferdinandina, La, 55-6
Fernandina Exuma, 244-6
Ferrariis, Theophilus de, 116
Ferreri, Giovanni, 24
Ferro, 208, 210, 230, 236, 267,
319
Fisheries—
Icelandic, 140, 147-9
Lofoden, 151-2
Firéese, 198
Scotch herring, 140
West Indian, 246-7, 350
Fisherman, Story of the, 197-
205
Flaccus, Septimius, 128
Flamingo, 307, 316
Flanders.Galleys, 19, 57-61, 63-
6, 70-4, 154
Flatey Book, 164-8, 179
Flitting Islands, 211-12
Flores, 157-8
Flying fish, 237-8, 350
Fogo, 209, 320
Fontana-Rossa, 15
family of, 15-16, 26
— Susanna, mother of
Columbus, 15-17,28-9
371
Fortuna; the Infante, 285
Fortunate Isles, 114, 120, 174
Fox grape, 163
Frankincense, 127,
Freydisa, 177-9
Frigate bird, 235, 288
Frisland, 139, 188-90, 198
Fritalo, Giovanni di, 25
Frobisher, Martin, 185, 190
Frozen Sea, 233
Funchal, 94, 206
Furtada, Beatrix, 90
Caterina, 90
—— Iseult, Hizeu, go, 104
248, 303
G
Gallo, Antonio, 82
Garcia, Ruy, 271
Gaza, Theodore, 217
Genoa, home of Columbus, 2,
7-11, 17, 25-6, 46-7, 225
description, 20-24
— Black Sea trade,47
— Olive Gate, at, 21
—— St. Andrew’s Gate, 8, 18,
21, 26, 30
—— spice trade, 16, 20, 47
trade with Lisbon, 82,
86
— weaving trade, 21, 23,
291
early voyages from, 96
George of Trebizond, 217
Ginestreto, 22, 24
Giovio, Paolo, 38, 77-82, 201
Girardi, 134
Giulio Romano, 78
Giustiniani, 6, 82
372
Gold, discovery of, 217, 254,
297, 300-3, 305-6, 315-
16, 329-30, 338, 343
Gold mines, 257, 262,
345-9
Gold ornaments, 221, 243-4,
247, 249-50, 260-61, 316,
323, 340, 345, 349
Gold Coast, 207, 216, 219
Golden Chersonese, 43,
307
Gomera, 208, 210-11, 229, 241,
287
Gorbolan, 300-1
Gorgon Islands, 115
Gorillas, 113
Gracias a Dios, Cape, 342
Graciosa, 207
Grain Coast, 216-17
Granada, 2, 228, 333, 338
Greenland—
278,
129,
Bishops of, 183-54
193
—— invasion by Eskimos,
184-5
— Norwegian settle-
ments in, 144-6, 161-2,
181-3, 204-5
—— the voyages to Vin-
land, 162-5,- 169-81
voyage of the Zeni,
188-93,194, 197-200, 204
Griego, family, 51 (see Colum-
bus)
Griffins, 163, 348
Guacanagiri, 261, 298
Guadaloupe, 289-91, 317
Guanaga Island, 337
INDEX.
Guanahani, 240-1, 276-7 (see
Watlings Island)
Gaunches, 208
Guanima Islands, 244, 276-7,
(see Concepcion and Rum
Cay)
Guardafui, Cape, 128
Guards, Islands, 324
Guarionex, 215, 296-8, 313, 329
Guevara, Hernando de, 330-1
Guinea Coast 5, 212-34, 253,
274
Gulf Stream, 105-6, 342
Gulf weed, 103-5, 231-4, 236-
7, 205-6, 288
H
Hair, mode of dressing, 215,
242, 290, 323, 343
Hake and Hekia, 180
Halibut, 152, 182-3
Hammocks, 245, 253-5, 291
Hanno, 112, 120
Hanse League, 141, 153
Hayna, La, 316, 332
Hawk’s Book, 178-9
Hecla, Mount, 187, 194
Heimskringla, 167
Helena, meteor of, 289
Helluland, 170, 180
Heriulf’s Ness, 169-70
Henry the Seventh, 72, 155,
312
Henry the Navigator, 97, 113,
157, 221, 224, 279
Herodotus, 43, 340
Hesperides, 107, 114-15
Hesperus, 113-14, 115
INDEX.
Higuey, 210, 298
Hispaniola—
building of La
262-4
of Isabella, 299-300
of San Domingo, 327,
Navidad,
331
civil wars in, 327-31
conquest of, 312-15
dialects in, 214-15
discovery of, 116-17, 259-60,
276-7
foundation of colony, 286-7,
299
hurricanes at, 316, 329, 336-8
last visit of Columbus, 359
mastic-trees in, 47
Mendez, visit of, 351, 356-8
pine forests, 211
return of Columbus to, 310-11
shape of, 123
skirmish at Samana, 265-6
spices found in, 216-17, 316
(see Bohio)
Himilco, 108
Historia Scholastica, 325
Hogfish, 246
Honduras Bay, 327-8, 340-1
Honeydew, 174, 176
Hot springs, 192-4
Houses, West Indian, 248, 252,
255, 291, 294, 323, 343,
346-8
Huelva, 90, 225, 273, 318
Hull, 149
Hundred-league line, 230, 281,
317, 326
Hyrcania, 163, 172-4, 176
373
I
Iambulus, 120
Icaria, 195-7 (see Kerry)
Iceblink, Mountain, 182
Iceland, taken for Thule, 131-3,
138-40, 154
confused with Shetland,
189
—— English trade with, 138-
51, 165-6 :
calendar used in, 143-4,151
literature of, 165-9, 177-9
Treland, 124, 158-9, 181, 193,
195
Greater, 173, 181
Isabella, Queen, 215, 227, 244,
256, 315-18, 323, 328, 332-
3, 362-3 (see Ferdinand
and Isabella)
— City of, 299-304, 310,
327
Island, 243, 246-50, 277
(see Long Island, Sao-
meto)
Isidore, 325
Ivory Coast, 216-18
J
Jamaica, 256-8, 264, 309, 324,
337, 351-8, 362 (see Ba-
beque)
Jerez, Rodrigo de, 253
John the Second, 155, 218-23,
274-6, 279-82
Josephus, 43, 349
Juana, Island of, 277 (see
Cuba)
Juana, Queen, 364
374
Juba, King, 94
Juventius, 211
EK
Kerry, 195-7 (see Icaria)
Khan, Great, 228, 249, 251-3,
278
King’s Garden, 257
L
Labrador, 158, 175, 195
Lanzarote, 208
Lapis-lazuli, 303, 316
Ledesma, Pedro, 354, 361
Leif Ericsson, 163-5, 169-70,
177, 180
Leme, Antonio, 211-12
Leviathan, 43, 320
Lign-aloes, 250, 257, 277,
285, 290
Lisbon, 47, 73-5, 81-2, 85-6,
102, 104, 134, 154, 223,
273-4
Lizards, 92, 245, 250, 284, 305
Llandra, 281
Lofoden Islands, 151-2
Logwood, 328, 337
London, 59, 147, 149-50
Long Island, 244, 246-50, 276
(see Isabella Island, Sao-
meto)
Louis the Eleventh, 13, 49-50,
63-4, 68-70
Lover’s Cape, 265
Lucian, 109, I19, 120
Luigi, Scotto, 86
M
Macaw, 292, 316
INDEX.
Machico, 93, 97
Machin, Robert, 98
Madeira, 93-103,
211, 319
Magnus, Olaus, 95, 141, 152,
155,173, 193
Magnussen, Professor, 142-4
Mahogany, 299, 306, 316
Maino, Giasone, 37-8
Maize, 162-3, 254-5, 292, 305,
329 .
Maize beer, 323, 329, 350
Malaguette, 207, 216-17
Mamee fruit, 298-9, 350
Manatee, 218, 252, 291, 337
Manchineel, 289
Mandeville, 43, 95, 173, 325,
341
Mangrove, 216, 323
Manioc, 254, 292
Mantegna, Andrea, 77-8
Marco Polo, 133, 224
Mares, River, 252-3
Margarita, 324, 334 3
Margarite, 313
Marie Galante, 289, 327
Marien, 297
Marinus, 83-4, 127-31, 133
Markland, 170, 181
Maroris, 214-15
Martinez, Fernando, 134-5
Martinique, 335
Martyr, Peter, 44
Masks, Indian, 252, 262, 285,
316
Massagetze, 340
Mastic, 47, 231, 245, 253, 255
257
114, 206-7
INDEX.
Maternus, 128
Mazer wood, 177
Mecca, 155
Medina Celi, Duke of, 226
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, 218,
226
Mendez, Diego, 352-3, 356-7
Mesurado, 217
Meta Incognita, 185, 190
Metellus, 210
Middleburg, 59
Mirobolans, 58, 290
Misery, Mount, 293
Mona, 294-5, 311
Moniz, Brigulaga, go
Gil, Family of, g1-2
—— Isabel, 90-93, 97-8, Ioo-
3, 106
—— Donna Muliar, go, 225
—— Philippa, 87, 93, 102, 104,
212
Monk Rock, 140, Igo
Monkfish, 152
Monk seal, 95, 218
Monelone, Nicola di, 27
Monte Christi, 263, 295, 298-9,
304
Montserrat, 292
Moon, eclipse of, 83, 311, 358
Moors, 2, 112, 207, 226
Moxica, Adrian de, 330-1
N
Navidad, La, 262-4,
296, 304
Nearchus, voyage of, 129
Negro, Paolo de, 86
Nervi, 7, 22
286-7,
375
Nevis Island, 292
Nina, The, 227-9, 232, 234-5,
238, 258, 262, 268, 283
Nino, Pedro, 318
Nombre de Dios, 346
Noronhas, Archbishop of Lis-
bon, 88
— Martin de, 280
Pedro de, 219
North Sea, 142, 150, 163, 184,
1g0, 205
Northeast Passage, 155, 210
Northwest Passage, 189
Norway, 141, 146, 161-4, 168-9
183-4, 192
oO
Obsidian, 329
Ocoa Bay, 310
Odemira, 71, 327
Ojeda, 300-1, 328, 337
Olof, Lady, 149, 166
Orkneys, 126, 164
Oro, Rio d’, 217, 258, 264
Orinoco, 320, 326
Ounartok, 194
Ouro, Rio del, 112, 207
Ovando, 324, 357-9, 361.
Oysters, 304, 323
Ozama River, 316, 327, 331
P
Palm, 216, 252-3, 257, 276,
284, 302, 329
Palmas, 217
Palos, 3, 90, 157, 227, 282-3,
312
Pamir, 128
376
Panama, 346
Paradise, site of, 3, 4, 95, 272
325
Paria, 320-5, 336
Parrot, 73, 242, 245, 248, 252,
260
Parrot fish, 246
Pavia, 31-8, 44-5
Pearls, 216, 251,
324
Pearl Coast, 324, 328
Pearls, Gulf of, 324
Peccary, 344
Pelegro, Antonio, 22
Pellacano, Francesco, 44
Pepper, 207, 216-17, 345
Perestrello, Bartholomew, 87-8,
92, 97, 100, 104-5
—, Bartholomew the
younger, 90, 104-5
Petrel, 233, 237
Pewter trade, English, 59
Phoenician voyages, 97, Ilo-
II
Piacenza, 7, 10-11, 87
Pimento, 305
Pine woods, 211, 258, 264
Pines, Isle of, 208
Pineapple, 292, 356
Pinning’s Judgment, 155
Pinta, La, 227, 234-5, 237,
258, 264, 268, 283
254, 257,
Pinzon, Martin, 227, 234-8,
250, 254, 264-5
Pinzon, Vincente, 227
Pirates, Easterling, 65
English, 60, 65, 277
—— French, 71-2
INDEX.
Pirates, cont'd.
Mediterranean, 12, 13,
19, 51, 57, 62-5, 67-8, 70,
72, 73-4
— Norwegian, 156
Pitto family, 26
Pius the Second, 340 /
Pliny, 109, 114-15, 130, 143,
161
Porras, Francesco di, 359-60
Porto Bello, 346, 354
Porto Rico, 293, 312, 335
Porto Santo, 87-g0, 92-Io!
104-6, 206, 319
Portuguese, Atlantic expedi-
tions of, 87, 100-1, 156-
Q, 224-5
colonies of Porto Santo and
Madeira, 87-90, 92-104
West African settlements,
97-100, 106
trade with Malaguette, 216
settlement on Gold Coast,
72, 218-22
voyages to India and China,
87
to the North Sea, 155
treaties with Spain, 207-8,
279, 281
opposition to Columbus, 222,
271-2, 279-81
Posidonius, 124
Postman, the ship, 223-4
Poti, 20, 47
Ptolemy’s Geography, 33, 43-
5, 83, 114, 122-3, 130-
I, 138
Puerto, Geronimo del, 85-6
INDEX.
Pulque, 350
Pytheas, 132
Q
Quarto, 22, 25
Queen’s Garden, 306, 337, 355
Quezzi, 16, 22
Quibian, Quibio, 349-51
Quinto, 8, 15-17, 22-5, 28
Quinsay, 136, 249, 253
R
Rabbits, 92, 208
Rabida, La, 91, 157, 225-7,
284
Rainless zone, 293
Ravenna, geographer, 43-4
Rays and skates, 152-3, 294,
310, 342
Redonda Island, 292
Reed sparrow, 234
Remora, 307 .
Réné of Provence, 46, 55-6,
68-9
Retreta, 347
Rhipzan Hills, 161-3
Rhubarb, 20, 263
Rincon, Antonio del, 76
Roldan, 327-31, 336
Romano Pane, 214-15
Rorqual, 151, 175
Rosato, Ambrosio, 40
Rum Cay, 277 (see Guan-
ima)
S
Saama, Factory of, 218
Sabzeans, 39-40
377
Saffron, 58
Salamanca, 226
Salineri, 24
Salmon, 170, 182, 259
Saltes, go, 282
Samana, 215, 266, 295
San Antonio, monastery, 280
San Domingo, town, 91, 327,
330-2, 336, 358, 361-2
San Lucar, 319, 321, 362
San Pietro, island, 56
San Remo, 17
San Salvador, 103, 240-1, 276-
7 (see Guanahani, Wat-
ling’s Island)
San Stefano, abbey, 18-21
Sanchez, 361
Santa Clara de Moguer, 268,
284
Santa Cruz, 293, 335
Santa Fé, 227
Santa Gloria, bay, 356, 358-61
Santa Maria, island, 271-3
—— port, 268
Santa Maria, ship, 227
Santa Maria la Antigua, church,
293, 364
of Guadaloupe,
church, 268, 284
of Loretto, church,
268
—— —— of La Rabida, 284
of Redonda, 292
Santiago, 209
Saometo, 244, 246-50, 277
(see Isabella Island, Long
Island)
Sargasso Sea, 108, 231
378
Sagres, Cape, 113
Savona, 6, 7, 17, 26-9, 47-8, 52
Scammony, 58, 303
Scandinavian Voyages to Green-
land, 182, 183, 205
to Vinland, 162-6,
169-81
intercourse with America,
IgI
Scillacio, 39-41, LOI, 120
Scio, 47, 58
Scotland, 122, Igo, Ig8-200
Scotus, 325
Sea cock, fish, 246
Seals, 95, 182, 218
Segovia, 363
Seneca, 125, 188
Senegambia, 97-9, 113, 207,
212, 216
Serpent’s Mouth, 320
Sertorius, 94
Service tree, 183
Seven Cities, 99, 107, 115, 159
Seville, 226, 231, 237-8, 282,
328, 334, 362
Sforza, Francesco, 62-3
Sforza Ludovico, 38
Sherbro River, 113
Shetland, 140, 190-2, 195-6
Sicily, 20, 47, 58-9, IOI, 251
Sierra Leone, 108
Sinclair, Henry,
196-8, 204-5
Sixareens, 199
Skalholt, 144
Skraelings, 165, 175, 124
Snorri Sturlusson, 167
Socotra, 20, 58
Igo-I, 193,
INDEX.
Southampton, 19, 57, 61, 65
Spinola, Baptista, 86
Spice trade, 16, 20, 135, 216,
255, 263, 285, 303-4, 316
Spitzbergen, 156, 189
St. Amaro, 233
St. Ambrose, 325
St. Augustine, 42
St. Brandan, 193, 212
St. Christopher’s, island, 293
St. Elmo’s Fire, 288
St. Elmo Cape, 266
St. George’s Bank, 18, 30
St. George Fort, 139,
219-20, 223, 279
St. Jerome, 43, 95
St. John’s, island, 293, 335
St. Martin’s, island, 293
St. Michael’s, 272
St. Nicholas, church, 182
harbor, 259
St. Thomas, church, 192, 194
fort of, 302-3, 313
island, 207
St. Vincent, Cape, 12, 56-7,
7I-3, 113, 127, 282, 317-
19
Statius Sebosus, I15
Stockfish, T40, 149, 192
Stone axes, 291, 329
Stone tower in Pamir, 128
Strabo, 124, 346
Strabus, 325
Sugar trade,
208
Sunfish, 337
Sweyn of Denmark, 162
Swords, palm wood, 329
on
212,
58, 92, 100-2,
INDEX.
T
Tacitus, 126
Tartary, 156-8
Teive, Diogo de, 157
Teneriffe, 208-9, 229, 259, 278
Terebinth, 58
Terra Rossa, 15, 24
Theophilus, 128
Thingore, 164, 168
Thorfinn Karlsefne, 175-83
Thorleif Bjornsson, 149-50
Thorshavn, 140, 193, 205
Thorstein, son of Eric the Red,
174-5
Thorwald, 172, 179, 181
Three Points, Cape, 220
Thule, 5, 43, 122, 123, 126
131-2, 138-9, 143, 154
Tiburon, Cape, 310
Tides, 138, 188, 205, 282
Tiflis, 20
Tin, 60, 118, 172
Titianus, Itinerary of, 128
Tobacco, 242, 256
Tobazo, Antonio, 85
Torfoeus, 165
Torres, Antonio de, 155
Torres, Luis de, 253
Torriano, 38
Tortuga, 304
Toscanelli, 107, 134-7, 234
Triana, Roderigo de, 239
Trinidad, 320-2
Tristan, Diego, 352
Tropic birds, 102, 232-5
Tunis, 56
Tunnies, 109, 232, 234, 266-
7
?
379
Turtle, 209, 284, 291, 307-8,
350
Turtledove, 234
Tyre, trade of, Ig-20
U
Ufizzi Gallery, Florence, 77-81
Ulmo, Fernand d’, 159
Vv
Valcalda, 17, 28
Valladolid, 364
Vasco da Gama, 87
Vaz, Tristram, 93, 97
Vazo, Antonio, 85
Vega, 298-9, 313, 327, 331
Velasco, Pedro de, 158
Velasquez, Pedro, 157
Venezuela, 324
Venice, 12, 13, 52, 63-4, 345
trade of, 57-9, 101-2
Veragua, 43, 339, 345-6, 349
Vespucci, Amerigo, 328
Verde, Cape, 100, 113-15, 208,
220
Verga, Cape, 210
Villa, Pedro de, 268
Villafranca, 280
Vincenti, Martin, 105
Vines, 170, 176, 181, 293, 303
Vinland, 160, 162-5,167, 175-7,
180, 183-5, IQI, 193, 204
Virgin Isles, 293
Visconti, family, 88
Viverro, 50, 52
Volcanoes, 189-94, 209-12, 229
WwW
Walkendorf, Archbishop, 185
380
Warwick, the King-maker,65-70
Watling’s Island, 240-2 (see
Guanahani and San Sal-
vador)
Wells, Isle of, 337
Westmann Isles, 132, 148
Whale, 103, 151, 175, 180, 233,
246
Whiteman’s Land, 173, 181
White Sea, 156, 161, 194
Wididale, 168
Wine trade, 92, IOI
Witnesses’ Islands, 324
Woman’s Island, 335
Wool trade, English, 20, 58-
60, 149
INDEX.
x
Xaragua, 299, 327, 332, 357
Y
Yams, 216, 254, 292, 309,
339
Yarmouth, 147
Yucatan, 115, 338
Yucca, 254, 292
Zz
Zabre, 129
Zacton, 135
Zarco, 93, 96, 97-9
Zeni, voyages of, 188-93, 195-
200, 204
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'2011-09-09T02:33:21-04:00'
describe
'27126' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDO' 'sip-files00005.jpg'
6bb9c3afecc95ddbbf777c3f9a441ce7
cf1521b9c507bde3e05691d4b514c048e615dd68
'2011-09-09T02:39:02-04:00'
describe
'3422' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDP' 'sip-files00005.pro'
17cbdad8f16b04fda4613424501ca54e
d6dec80764d5ccdd0a8c895b68afc644eacb7455
'2011-09-09T02:41:06-04:00'
describe
'9533' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDQ' 'sip-files00005.QC.jpg'
d0a5cf2acc8f56d3abd03781d5661783
e014c044e84553f3132673245447afb39dc38ed1
'2011-09-09T02:28:37-04:00'
describe
'2820260' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDR' 'sip-files00005.tif'
72e659877fb073d3387ae21feda50bc0
8fdb4f1546dfcfdf5d61a6f7d9528ae9f6bbd79d
'2011-09-09T02:27:45-04:00'
describe
'216' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDS' 'sip-files00005.txt'
4d23f2d4e184118884da776de38cb9ca
c7f76a15384a9566d9931105771235abb7e35857
'2011-09-09T02:30:20-04:00'
describe
'3113' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDT' 'sip-files00005thm.jpg'
c1411fcf09dd80dc4f1d09cfde6cd9d6
62b4d604a62e271479470132fa5effc69e3debb8
'2011-09-09T02:32:06-04:00'
describe
'350212' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDU' 'sip-files00006.jp2'
bfb83d6dabcbb867d724f8af80d744d2
1c83e80d359ca297866ae9a8f397150d55d5db6b
'2011-09-09T02:31:08-04:00'
describe
'24791' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDV' 'sip-files00006.jpg'
15cf1388df768c4ed78cc6f218e54a06
00d529d9aa8416ff4ff6746e127da3decea4c129
'2011-09-09T02:35:48-04:00'
describe
'3058' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDW' 'sip-files00006.pro'
1d564a6ecf344a90a8a54c0f62a6ae3f
b98fad9a772b32dfd7348e4239af34d247d0b0a3
'2011-09-09T02:27:59-04:00'
describe
'6774' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDX' 'sip-files00006.QC.jpg'
9879f5ff4eed5c3328086024aa5ba495
af6c4876945c3e290f7f28826bcb6bdc11f09290
'2011-09-09T02:37:11-04:00'
describe
'2819624' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDY' 'sip-files00006.tif'
ecb4ed66009ca839ccbde4e1ff238024
8205e751999f703476a2467531e6fbc2e61755ae
'2011-09-09T02:32:02-04:00'
describe
'318' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACDZ' 'sip-files00006.txt'
1391477448336e10c8b480e75333d16d
a05bac8e5bb86cbe67e05a9519cca1a3a5521431
'2011-09-09T02:26:57-04:00'
describe
'2064' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEA' 'sip-files00006thm.jpg'
498bb6015aa6d1ecb30f19aeb853ef91
e9a9878f3382e641dc598e8f5975440408be0172
describe
'343235' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEB' 'sip-files00007.jp2'
dc1d02421a5908e9ef3e1e0c86413b8f
0427e7193c8703435f9f7c2bf94c46eccb6e83be
'2011-09-09T02:45:01-04:00'
describe
'75677' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEC' 'sip-files00007.jpg'
4127b49160badd6e928cfe2bf897557f
7f598f02eb284a0f810666e7174f5e74f3bdc2e5
'2011-09-09T02:24:25-04:00'
describe
'18380' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACED' 'sip-files00007.pro'
79b07046ce8d4076436d5a4894968a4c
7451294d1ab657315174a71b15214b83596ae749
'2011-09-09T02:37:50-04:00'
describe
'24838' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEE' 'sip-files00007.QC.jpg'
845a6c2ac3f0cf2e8bba2f0879f91e6f
e04d200d353cab0e3d531bc6203025844da02adf
'2011-09-09T02:37:39-04:00'
describe
'2765864' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEF' 'sip-files00007.tif'
4b712978172e0d01736625ee38de9c74
984a6aead889fdef63cbc0f24922a3ff83e2c5f2
'2011-09-09T02:38:36-04:00'
describe
'834' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEG' 'sip-files00007.txt'
8e187f9fefe82b697849a9ff8214af1a
ad6e5503896defb16412992942ee24753635e17c
'2011-09-09T02:39:26-04:00'
describe
'7050' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEH' 'sip-files00007thm.jpg'
78471e71b4ee4bb12d0a974fe4c754b8
44c8b9a545fd06580345fe7e3f6324c9dcf3012a
'2011-09-09T02:38:23-04:00'
describe
'350240' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEI' 'sip-files00008.jp2'
f3fdbca483a4f05f0e38b6bb413a5dd6
a95f6f208f0e0ae26cde483779aedd18a7d8c0f5
'2011-09-09T02:28:01-04:00'
describe
'114103' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEJ' 'sip-files00008.jpg'
1c46489ec1bf0e4d9a3fbac252f42c65
36b5dbea199f765b959c91ef412830871506a3bd
'2011-09-09T02:28:57-04:00'
describe
'31899' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEK' 'sip-files00008.pro'
6cd9963198e22a59103b614abfa6109e
de28a1d538690c4220b7dacc5bb4c7c81c15893e
'2011-09-09T02:39:59-04:00'
describe
'38748' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEL' 'sip-files00008.QC.jpg'
95e3db9fc7a34336c96d9d2bab3c2679
3f92952aafeb7963fb9f5d3df37eba5ec6e68dcf
'2011-09-09T02:24:15-04:00'
describe
'2823308' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEM' 'sip-files00008.tif'
de6c08fdaaa594ee2be4a541290c68ba
96c472992fac8005fe7f05559c24a49304a452d8
'2011-09-09T02:35:26-04:00'
describe
'1254' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEN' 'sip-files00008.txt'
ef38d4fc17dda2776933bff947759416
fe1f3139d183cda953d065dff7c2204380955aa6
'2011-09-09T02:27:15-04:00'
describe
'10004' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEO' 'sip-files00008thm.jpg'
fdc7cd0649ada630c11b679a14b349f3
b5ca856c7fa54495283dc0063d360f5f537189b1
'2011-09-09T02:44:11-04:00'
describe
'338121' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEP' 'sip-files00009.jp2'
878a0d49b65b27bc56c77685579db463
ff69c3f8af459b69baa0963ac5248becf9de6580
'2011-09-09T02:35:55-04:00'
describe
'116235' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEQ' 'sip-files00009.jpg'
943ed2e660a8263c6dae176b8847b610
7b4ec2be0bab75fc37a098aa59c20d03c52ddeb8
'2011-09-09T02:26:48-04:00'
describe
'32622' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACER' 'sip-files00009.pro'
e5e046c4d99c7d41442f2a2e89f19965
d07931078eafd1b394f178d03bfdc00ab61970be
'2011-09-09T02:42:19-04:00'
describe
'39358' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACES' 'sip-files00009.QC.jpg'
8811757c7494e9a63753d055ca926dde
7e30257ebe90907bf5d325852014701fd6929942
'2011-09-09T02:24:41-04:00'
describe
'2726620' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACET' 'sip-files00009.tif'
b54f9208a89700452410551b035418c0
3fe55da68e8a57b493705ec19918bc3becf50302
'2011-09-09T02:39:27-04:00'
describe
'1330' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEU' 'sip-files00009.txt'
c13aebc7f36740328a9cf3d6380e573b
14e6f241576470517072a2182aaf21e1653ff3f5
'2011-09-09T02:33:16-04:00'
describe
'11229' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEV' 'sip-files00009thm.jpg'
63ebf6d3e7c2e4c6ed8ff1dbd444a520
b0b5e70690ead921f4a9fcfb14792ac916a75a3d
'2011-09-09T02:45:21-04:00'
describe
'339944' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEW' 'sip-files00010.jp2'
cdf3bdce7b2f29683a273396ad64b01a
9444f23896c64ce49727e933114785c4db053e8f
'2011-09-09T02:31:00-04:00'
describe
'110909' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEX' 'sip-files00010.jpg'
323d49c98f0b95be041717b0b448b678
9b4138d19dd246535781edfb331ae19b0169ebb9
'2011-09-09T02:42:38-04:00'
describe
'33134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEY' 'sip-files00010.pro'
632d75b78cb0ad3b19cde13531894dd5
f1f46c62f30715a767daede98e05b965fcee1fd5
'2011-09-09T02:33:29-04:00'
describe
'37556' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACEZ' 'sip-files00010.QC.jpg'
e02c8cb8c660d42e50f1dfeb4171f06c
2b7ea2e2e8d1da11299233b4b8c3760250f7f474
'2011-09-09T02:43:22-04:00'
describe
'2741400' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFA' 'sip-files00010.tif'
afe0d6a9bcb61d34628ece9271103444
0bf4a8aff7bd23ba9605d9f09519494ee2f0c9e6
'2011-09-09T02:37:13-04:00'
describe
'1306' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFB' 'sip-files00010.txt'
ba45f228a6139b6b91c650d97f4a5674
379483f73cff4ba32d92e4e043b0c736e6d401cd
'2011-09-09T02:35:00-04:00'
describe
'10589' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFC' 'sip-files00010thm.jpg'
063ce1c24580551b21075afb59e7f312
8a607f789dda157af771cb4fcc25a8f9549b3322
'2011-09-09T02:43:59-04:00'
describe
'338110' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFD' 'sip-files00011.jp2'
1b21a0ad6d3398c941c7666bfd9049dd
01610105232e8ae5cf755a6890cc4cdfcb518349
'2011-09-09T02:30:26-04:00'
describe
'109087' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFE' 'sip-files00011.jpg'
e1e8438b676d358a402ff68f4058faef
70e2599a5c911bad1e65c9586b598259ca3827d5
'2011-09-09T02:33:38-04:00'
describe
'31897' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFF' 'sip-files00011.pro'
1c8e71a9d8d7dfc2bfeadd9c757baa9b
bca3dc6036c6f844d8ef1ef00ef4a7b2aac9c523
'2011-09-09T02:41:12-04:00'
describe
'36766' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFG' 'sip-files00011.QC.jpg'
ac8d4004143ceae027e6a58b913f4023
3f05ab4d21b68730c46d21f696a66ebb0f06fa9e
'2011-09-09T02:28:55-04:00'
describe
'2726244' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFH' 'sip-files00011.tif'
6f25d94f3b1ec11c9948d9c7663cc507
9e45030ff19239639490c924fc479355250fcb22
'2011-09-09T02:45:13-04:00'
describe
'1267' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFI' 'sip-files00011.txt'
82d47e6643252ee72cb43340fc0a8a15
5ca07c532f0a3d6231fb955c7dfa6a670e4aa42d
'2011-09-09T02:36:27-04:00'
describe
'10388' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFJ' 'sip-files00011thm.jpg'
d562ae66020b307563f779ee0ea40ced
e91398750131103e27e546434fdb99cc3726c24c
'2011-09-09T02:32:58-04:00'
describe
'341076' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFK' 'sip-files00012.jp2'
54291a5ce1312ec966e63ba2bbbe75da
0af421d5ee8114aacfbb0b84243808b30b32055f
'2011-09-09T02:31:40-04:00'
describe
'116347' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFL' 'sip-files00012.jpg'
69264b18d2bcfab14b4c9fc893fb3a37
8561031b4b05ae2e1d18d966f7f8221ef80fd9a4
'2011-09-09T02:26:32-04:00'
describe
'31924' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFM' 'sip-files00012.pro'
d736dde0e691945537258882f01d78d5
61c5f331be5551e2bcac98ed0f2c06a6344b9c54
'2011-09-09T02:37:14-04:00'
describe
'38669' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFN' 'sip-files00012.QC.jpg'
1572f5b04e77a4e225029ba4f55d4741
141380e42123989a57f53af99e2c27aeba902618
'2011-09-09T02:44:16-04:00'
describe
'2750112' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFO' 'sip-files00012.tif'
73d76ce6bfb9c5930e0e2a17d7205ca1
3acf83042af8ce6c7760f3ac7af17f9834fc5b18
'2011-09-09T02:26:29-04:00'
describe
'1305' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFP' 'sip-files00012.txt'
4648a5d0813075fbb6958f7d44757fb9
b0765227d5773a971cd48cce62591a1df58a19b6
'2011-09-09T02:26:12-04:00'
describe
'10925' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFQ' 'sip-files00012thm.jpg'
bbaa6c6de95cca39fe8edb8e2dbaca39
6fd5d35ef9959f845bbec16e64d6fdddad444897
'2011-09-09T02:27:28-04:00'
describe
'350229' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFR' 'sip-files00013.jp2'
33f8d44e3154bf3f182e000a5ff3248e
fecc0afdf1cd43f1ce1565c0059ff7ae84e08f61
'2011-09-09T02:45:15-04:00'
describe
'115952' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFS' 'sip-files00013.jpg'
0657896c94e8a2aaecc0886383c98905
ca56c665cdf1a156abe1c0858c8c123eaa919704
'2011-09-09T02:43:54-04:00'
describe
'32014' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFT' 'sip-files00013.pro'
6294a60de861678a4e9887464a37a89c
9131b78a0a90449aa053e492e531b4d3a579cfeb
'2011-09-09T02:42:33-04:00'
describe
'37994' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFU' 'sip-files00013.QC.jpg'
fb143f7b6752f8790b19c1ff940ff2e7
c2f79d401035d514753ff5b854d0645b5e21add5
'2011-09-09T02:34:18-04:00'
describe
'2823336' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFV' 'sip-files00013.tif'
1b0d8b52f40b0f0257a11bdc0daea523
1ce44c83e52bfd030c0348a19f988447bce1e559
'2011-09-09T02:36:05-04:00'
describe
'1269' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFW' 'sip-files00013.txt'
3b1697ea7760b6b0c9c95a9fefb2ed54
0839854a6719aaaaf90235654da6a43b09227a5f
'2011-09-09T02:36:50-04:00'
describe
'10169' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFX' 'sip-files00013thm.jpg'
2d303e41452484f9b63ba5cb9aafca52
f54970e3c3ab1f146a15a507ce6582dfe554a241
'2011-09-09T02:33:36-04:00'
describe
'333370' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFY' 'sip-files00014.jp2'
efbea43ed2bd8fcf7fed471f97008994
1a51a119d2743f0054c7085a3fdec09f48f981f5
'2011-09-09T02:38:42-04:00'
describe
'114558' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACFZ' 'sip-files00014.jpg'
b5678c02292d15579be976ac8767b577
d43c1ed88baabecc475f17698251974725a7a136
'2011-09-09T02:29:00-04:00'
describe
'32823' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGA' 'sip-files00014.pro'
e3333274a559794f6f8912040a1fd386
0fabb53c80e4807ff2e09f801e7a9005938a31aa
'2011-09-09T02:35:30-04:00'
describe
'39391' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGB' 'sip-files00014.QC.jpg'
8e3edf64d893ccf7a26b79241594c57e
69f41a9ff524d2ff687aba3fb145cb7499f7bcbd
'2011-09-09T02:25:31-04:00'
describe
'2688812' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGC' 'sip-files00014.tif'
73e034d02c4e3c336c563a90a0d0b185
ef09768d5189c63b280342e77aa2ef9f75c70012
'2011-09-09T02:44:10-04:00'
describe
'1289' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGD' 'sip-files00014.txt'
a61e8114db9428b01de71c79c3d6798a
b14bc332bdb3bfca36f1c8105807261198aee496
'2011-09-09T02:23:24-04:00'
describe
'10839' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGE' 'sip-files00014thm.jpg'
e42542f59c3f081404a231c11723ffe2
785fcde005bcbae0d64eb50342a72a28a8b5770e
'2011-09-09T02:39:55-04:00'
describe
'338127' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGF' 'sip-files00015.jp2'
f6be990cdf06b6f5d0ac5ba67cc0c70e
5923d216e78989625f263e4c10ef4a7b1dce7a84
'2011-09-09T02:43:31-04:00'
describe
'109310' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGG' 'sip-files00015.jpg'
aefc9cefd241c663c4cc4edf6c0b3970
ad52ce4f0095fdb62a0c663b2e827f1bf14217a1
'2011-09-09T02:25:05-04:00'
describe
'30992' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGH' 'sip-files00015.pro'
52aaa621c4900fa0e7913c38cf239aa7
cd0922b788e0d1f36597fe1376a33c636283849e
'2011-09-09T02:39:39-04:00'
describe
'36625' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGI' 'sip-files00015.QC.jpg'
e9fe0f7e7fe436792762f16be49c47c5
4e10630982bcbfe9cef33812879992eb400fc79f
'2011-09-09T02:35:01-04:00'
describe
'2726284' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGJ' 'sip-files00015.tif'
b3bacc8b666761eb88e9b5a9a02d97fc
6ab92f41642550400c27b29ed3b425e2945fa5ba
'2011-09-09T02:23:40-04:00'
describe
'1280' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGK' 'sip-files00015.txt'
92f813db39bb56607a0a69b9944c8613
f90ee533fba7fe3f487b02be6b6e817bca7a48a7
'2011-09-09T02:40:49-04:00'
describe
'10571' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGL' 'sip-files00015thm.jpg'
24372e47b311831f9362b487906aa47b
2fa5a886c30f13b13a489849e09f7666a76ec54e
'2011-09-09T02:31:06-04:00'
describe
'350223' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGM' 'sip-files00016.jp2'
eeee643c61c21b8b4aab91e18b90bb9b
212fb8a9823b44b456d353c1a4d5d03fab2e60db
'2011-09-09T02:29:04-04:00'
describe
'112448' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGN' 'sip-files00016.jpg'
129f63b6e69dbf2113cbfcb7548e5c19
3faf60c2acd2b1871f6219dc7203eafcbaa85e9a
'2011-09-09T02:37:01-04:00'
describe
'31925' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGO' 'sip-files00016.pro'
fb3c980d46c6f9296c070597cfa50517
05c3606a4bfb3fdb99e5e1560b2f8ee510550b19
'2011-09-09T02:45:16-04:00'
describe
'38237' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGP' 'sip-files00016.QC.jpg'
e40bd0e5d3bbbd88e60bba0d1eeb2fca
0d095db96d159277c89048b6c9a245baa381c936
'2011-09-09T02:41:02-04:00'
describe
'2823132' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGQ' 'sip-files00016.tif'
fe186fe96c1b0aa21c477dc1e828cad8
2d8565479eb33fa96cff7b3c313d151ee7b22389
'2011-09-09T02:31:45-04:00'
describe
'1284' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGR' 'sip-files00016.txt'
0818c89047243e3936ac36468f9afc82
e412dcdb084c46db15105fff225d38d9ce5315fd
'2011-09-09T02:36:55-04:00'
describe
'10027' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGS' 'sip-files00016thm.jpg'
d08f4bfbeb501af9d8b5d942d2bed5af
d3315dd007b8088db7a976ff26bffd1ed71fe67e
'2011-09-09T02:32:21-04:00'
describe
'337026' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGT' 'sip-files00017.jp2'
65cfc2fd8e361c2f634206038732b76d
fa3860f6dcb40e91c28a73c46ca9266f18e57f8b
'2011-09-09T02:43:17-04:00'
describe
'113799' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGU' 'sip-files00017.jpg'
516180652897e02f5c5c447ba9601518
7bcaf0692c84c5b71f4ce545a681813b8de416f3
'2011-09-09T02:26:37-04:00'
describe
'32354' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGV' 'sip-files00017.pro'
b8783e8afb694b9099bd7a9f8c81e9e8
f60ace64fd297bf893fdfc64069739d8650d66f4
'2011-09-09T02:32:46-04:00'
describe
'38349' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGW' 'sip-files00017.QC.jpg'
1f36588e6718b9e18691aaa787488cf1
f6bbe30775cbd1046ad7913f30ba905c64a3d024
'2011-09-09T02:35:02-04:00'
describe
'2717616' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGX' 'sip-files00017.tif'
944099947016d2bba220466fa9ceab1b
27a6d1b6c7c3301145968cb499c72996e06f16fb
'2011-09-09T02:31:25-04:00'
describe
'1282' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGY' 'sip-files00017.txt'
69e046aedbc4b259395cb999510d25f3
87f6db2e137db30669b166a6fb1f3b3e0abfef52
'2011-09-09T02:39:34-04:00'
describe
'10975' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACGZ' 'sip-files00017thm.jpg'
0d22a74eb8a512fa415aeb4a1dfa14ad
dc9f835b715e517858ead7d8a244b67d4a24ae58
'2011-09-09T02:26:23-04:00'
describe
'350225' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHA' 'sip-files00018.jp2'
4901ada6fddef0f32da0a46d2e3b08b4
65b646743b49f15ddaf19fe5404cdff4516d8bc8
'2011-09-09T02:23:27-04:00'
describe
'111895' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHB' 'sip-files00018.jpg'
505f81e3668d3f3b0036404f7daf3ceb
129e64a8b985ddcc2520e9b7163ec99cf9cfcef7
'2011-09-09T02:24:51-04:00'
describe
'32438' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHC' 'sip-files00018.pro'
689973647c26a8e9f27d0ebeaf0e7375
e09963012e328f12ee2b4557c8b6dc75ab0deced
'2011-09-09T02:38:10-04:00'
describe
'37271' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHD' 'sip-files00018.QC.jpg'
92bcab4daef51c30ccc7176db8440cca
973c3514b183789025d3cccafa9828f1c2729dcc
'2011-09-09T02:29:33-04:00'
describe
'2823240' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHE' 'sip-files00018.tif'
e266a552c4a4289ed8115225bb662844
352ac935182c15f9c99159d72cb3d5db5838c746
'2011-09-09T02:37:33-04:00'
describe
'1277' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHF' 'sip-files00018.txt'
ab6012e375dd74ac7730f91a1cbb1089
f56b9de637ab29cc3ba3e24ccd08e98fedc0e7e4
'2011-09-09T02:25:10-04:00'
describe
'10021' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHG' 'sip-files00018thm.jpg'
f3e48732b9c2e6b41d2f8e826e188071
dddb611d046023e3b4f9b44f4000a47c15ecc52a
describe
'319538' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHH' 'sip-files00019.jp2'
46dfd36f2d932b2bb41a242e1261e5aa
eeb2e4b6a163511fc7a5681db4b0b7277bd620f8
'2011-09-09T02:25:58-04:00'
describe
'111888' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHI' 'sip-files00019.jpg'
22fee1e5c08799d4e75cc03e3977fd66
8d1a3e274af7f17e70e5c5994e787abb18d3217d
'2011-09-09T02:34:21-04:00'
describe
'31414' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHJ' 'sip-files00019.pro'
5d3361735f8493975dd555c6e3ef447f
dfe7c9b902ae87f4ef687ab1729ffc76e76f1c2c
describe
'37529' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHK' 'sip-files00019.QC.jpg'
637399290e3a0bde3e2921601daeee06
c4f3f6bc53c2ba1ef5f047bf69f8fefee46e460e
'2011-09-09T02:31:16-04:00'
describe
'2577728' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHL' 'sip-files00019.tif'
7fdea255c98978c7a520c21c3d8b1d60
4e6f9673752445e44986c67bae48ed81fc9c993f
'2011-09-09T02:29:36-04:00'
describe
'1323' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHM' 'sip-files00019.txt'
4c3ad51895066e223205dd64522e8071
ab36d10f8133edf590851abfdbf1c8c195ce7e88
'2011-09-09T02:38:37-04:00'
describe
'12196' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHN' 'sip-files00019thm.jpg'
7b02f2626d6f707485527e0326aea5f6
fc7edd6e97452b2d9122f89981291c7f9c57dc12
'2011-09-09T02:34:55-04:00'
describe
'345113' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHO' 'sip-files00020.jp2'
3fda0b305538d4b25f5461e0b11c70bc
631df791a721c623fb2e1897f9ed1a1e13ec1993
'2011-09-09T02:42:50-04:00'
describe
'58428' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHP' 'sip-files00020.jpg'
1e02fd1bb520bc9333aeeaebb7c920ce
e9cabca40071d776356b8bd83c94476fc1207fff
'2011-09-09T02:25:19-04:00'
describe
'13392' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHQ' 'sip-files00020.pro'
a1dbfe1f2372e6b48ffa73f9f50dcdbe
86cae242950aaeb04005eaabffdd5d2228a905d2
'2011-09-09T02:36:19-04:00'
describe
'18671' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHR' 'sip-files00020.QC.jpg'
c7bf5a18a75e4d174f97f081bb2951ac
a86b1975755611d99d452275e565148b7908e9a3
'2011-09-09T02:34:24-04:00'
describe
'2780176' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHS' 'sip-files00020.tif'
8a1121b12e646945b8065d2b7875e71c
66672e47f345d852a6cba68c3441924ba71ee3e6
'2011-09-09T02:23:50-04:00'
describe
'532' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHT' 'sip-files00020.txt'
4ce85250da23247a69f56a09a5a12c30
9ed408413254145e47bb74317ef100e0bf74dc4b
describe
'5371' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHU' 'sip-files00020thm.jpg'
1795eb5f361e71c77b8f0e6e34e60697
7d73722480eefbf9ebad3d48c6ff5fa10fafd0da
describe
'332936' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHV' 'sip-files00021.jp2'
24eed9de99719f3fcadde5b9a56eaf72
1cf8dd34bec8a511a72c51e3987035a15667d9ee
'2011-09-09T02:37:34-04:00'
describe
'89985' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHW' 'sip-files00021.jpg'
e32554371264d1a9b91a6c26addeb726
aafb5dbd006425a9c2b5be95470f82c0c19ea550
'2011-09-09T02:43:48-04:00'
describe
'25707' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHX' 'sip-files00021.pro'
8875a52a0a3bfb4cab9c95fb1f0ade6d
5b0970c76bd1d1fb1cc897f0efc082d104ba6ffa
'2011-09-09T02:23:58-04:00'
describe
'29658' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHY' 'sip-files00021.QC.jpg'
6a00b78a85849f3409db252c39e20861
ffd783473be68f462a5d92c8158caa9cfa36b4b4
'2011-09-09T02:34:01-04:00'
describe
'2684500' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACHZ' 'sip-files00021.tif'
444bb8a7d75b26eb4b842daa99f4995c
2cff1bcbe636bc06f93aad54e7bc5bd6cd331c5f
'2011-09-09T02:32:37-04:00'
describe
'1122' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIA' 'sip-files00021.txt'
b9eaacc92d029ce212d5b6e81828fba2
f710711319edf202d21d056095e1f65e88fe2f5a
'2011-09-09T02:24:56-04:00'
describe
'8596' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIB' 'sip-files00021thm.jpg'
43c78f35ee38c50566b17c03d8a91572
efdb90aff58e9e2d9666840694e7ec4385bcf753
'2011-09-09T02:25:41-04:00'
describe
'338107' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIC' 'sip-files00022.jp2'
1e89945e40fcc67d5622b7180cc55441
57a53a6af1d4b955bc9d20b8e6d0f36548cfee21
'2011-09-09T02:44:25-04:00'
describe
'116923' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACID' 'sip-files00022.jpg'
bde8c27c634b6c333016dee4a1941238
7e8e2f1d38326a9667b0a3ee891a2842a5cdc090
'2011-09-09T02:24:33-04:00'
describe
'31992' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIE' 'sip-files00022.pro'
f1d38c589acec7746d7d45ff8a56a992
7fa3aa0a334962783c3019c363cd0ec5a375af58
'2011-09-09T02:37:12-04:00'
describe
'39480' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIF' 'sip-files00022.QC.jpg'
763b73598182f331694abf3699f81d77
08ee310af1fa8bd9ec336a79064e55e251b86bea
'2011-09-09T02:29:34-04:00'
describe
'2726560' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIG' 'sip-files00022.tif'
22c12eeb7c7d65bdf830e677d6954155
03b9a6bf14f4801a9c6486dd12f426138a3a6603
'2011-09-09T02:30:04-04:00'
describe
'1300' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIH' 'sip-files00022.txt'
f6d77a14b4df001e40a9ea32d65ae54c
ac20115357d7bb3eb5275e5052fbf408033bcc4b
'2011-09-09T02:32:31-04:00'
describe
'11008' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACII' 'sip-files00022thm.jpg'
0faa6e885e19c92e7d604d51f038dca4
8f7a3bfb33aab74d8498dd7fea13d578ec3768e0
'2011-09-09T02:28:03-04:00'
describe
'331939' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIJ' 'sip-files00023.jp2'
c85101c147df7386934a10fc3a4edfed
2ff2260e2013eb794c3349671ee4166889e8d6df
'2011-09-09T02:35:37-04:00'
describe
'110584' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIK' 'sip-files00023.jpg'
d3236a4e10f4b639f013f3d3a5de6c05
eff59b98ddf0a85207264d1a5279f8f6f6907c32
'2011-09-09T02:27:44-04:00'
describe
'31193' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIL' 'sip-files00023.pro'
ed63bf61f738ff60eddef83e983e218c
310d24d33b42ae0a9306511cf26350c922dde6d4
'2011-09-09T02:36:40-04:00'
describe
'37743' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIM' 'sip-files00023.QC.jpg'
753a91a8b9f6afd1b0321cbdc3bc45ab
0c78be42bf1101d5e19b7ea26b99ff27e4fe4536
'2011-09-09T02:24:46-04:00'
describe
'2677036' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIN' 'sip-files00023.tif'
9988f3f9b50348b3de85b952a84204de
1d2d1cad54352ef7e374c68a39f6ba59c63541b9
describe
'1256' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIO' 'sip-files00023.txt'
aad4dc54bd987a1fb77baff5e1b856fa
c97672b86155c11a4d5bc1b728e9585e58c39496
'2011-09-09T02:36:14-04:00'
describe
'11011' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIP' 'sip-files00023thm.jpg'
fd0e6e25e71189368d2ef20b4d6057d7
5eb8ba37fca5d724f0bf313ff786feed1ee8ed01
'2011-09-09T02:41:07-04:00'
describe
'336979' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIQ' 'sip-files00024.jp2'
ab48ab1fd084dfe385f5b53df9dfa05d
bd7074e3c00e96cc7b5b9d4e89d2c3629ec55a39
'2011-09-09T02:35:33-04:00'
describe
'107150' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIR' 'sip-files00024.jpg'
8da86096b26d58fdaef506f82f7d4fdc
6fdd55e74152e306d4e1f3c536e6d9e6b2d354a7
describe
'30865' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIS' 'sip-files00024.pro'
7d3b933df296412bc6a45770faa11db8
3cb1813e633c8c9af33c3787724a8d96c1c6bac2
'2011-09-09T02:38:38-04:00'
describe
'36014' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIT' 'sip-files00024.QC.jpg'
08f819ad4b04d01b039079684f6fbb4d
b8e0a5f3516b28a891edf687fd1fdc56511015e8
'2011-09-09T02:34:30-04:00'
describe
'2717588' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIU' 'sip-files00024.tif'
7f30eb2a6717b0c910e6e35b8397471a
5a617917f4b083ab98cef3c663334c55faa39a00
'2011-09-09T02:35:21-04:00'
describe
'1274' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIV' 'sip-files00024.txt'
7685afef0d82b90f507759a90629b1c9
23cbdf84ded873880afb17fed9cd6aff6d6629d6
'2011-09-09T02:41:55-04:00'
describe
'10131' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIW' 'sip-files00024thm.jpg'
89ea3c9da75fde8a92ba1bfef94d9c59
2171ec3b2134b1500df856fe3e8d3bbaceda13dd
'2011-09-09T02:36:57-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIX' 'sip-files00025.jp2'
a1bcb50c61a81a2c9e2fed8f5ac5c319
b1d6969fddf9cc8fffdca14588b3f07f6d3158aa
'2011-09-09T02:35:44-04:00'
describe
'111722' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIY' 'sip-files00025.jpg'
8ccd37fe84597c848463d4adbf602dc3
37c16cca4c18360532b2e703ee8d82401dbaf5f9
'2011-09-09T02:29:31-04:00'
describe
'30276' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACIZ' 'sip-files00025.pro'
24aaffd0c4b8a6a744db6f63ef9bd273
2afc70fb66b4dc76b4cbaa08382d5948e6d9007d
'2011-09-09T02:28:05-04:00'
describe
'38635' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJA' 'sip-files00025.QC.jpg'
66fcc2a584df4f4fe492dc35acad6f0e
0c2339605cfae2b4f4c4349c6b9f5faa219e727a
'2011-09-09T02:44:03-04:00'
describe
'2726600' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJB' 'sip-files00025.tif'
f4433891ab19122f6c61f5226916a177
2d7a7dd4ecdf07e5620c8b6fc2d23881209a6925
describe
'1272' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJC' 'sip-files00025.txt'
733dd16f88a06dfebe9d992514780fc9
ea1029d0e5b2b114ecda5cac85e2dbca6d76fd2d
'2011-09-09T02:32:30-04:00'
describe
'10872' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJD' 'sip-files00025thm.jpg'
75fbc717f87a1e5c4814571b9473787b
e69364f2aaea803d2839fa7e6c8a499a6f321243
describe
'331852' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJE' 'sip-files00026.jp2'
5bad0417fe0ee9e569897dc4be92fbee
efd12c15c381c87f6e656ca33f980afc503963da
'2011-09-09T02:45:17-04:00'
describe
'110817' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJF' 'sip-files00026.jpg'
d56de9d6feb58a30c35a80e17c3ca64d
50b22ab21b494f30012dbe4da9353ce74d9b65dd
'2011-09-09T02:42:49-04:00'
describe
'31398' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJG' 'sip-files00026.pro'
9b7a7aa5e2fd45b5d99e18e30c1317f8
85e944f63375adff6152b7f8aec96ec5b72b61b8
'2011-09-09T02:26:27-04:00'
describe
'37349' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJH' 'sip-files00026.QC.jpg'
0ae8ae21774cb723bafa8cb6f6ba2a31
f4638e97f749cf4a828e502222baf14aed63cf28
describe
'2676772' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJI' 'sip-files00026.tif'
699500818ba4e46a4b2658c6f477af30
841a197b188038ad4d7a832a4e1ea82b17735eef
'2011-09-09T02:39:20-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJJ' 'sip-files00026.txt'
142ed4cdf0981da86822f6b655367f07
8e57a0033605672a4b05cba6484a38ccd13a4936
'2011-09-09T02:28:41-04:00'
describe
'11002' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJK' 'sip-files00026thm.jpg'
434588e59d55022c0fa12677de365a4b
078fe1a0804bac2391007619a3ae47caec1bf5aa
'2011-09-09T02:36:52-04:00'
describe
'328979' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJL' 'sip-files00027.jp2'
92538a8d2b4762839dceb2ac8c66952d
02429368b7d86bd440ecfe82a03f5c7ecc4321b5
'2011-09-09T02:40:56-04:00'
describe
'113946' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJM' 'sip-files00027.jpg'
0577e1d23fea61bd8fe302e3a33166f9
801f579e118ef992aa9215e08d008b348e5c69f5
'2011-09-09T02:41:08-04:00'
describe
'32656' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJN' 'sip-files00027.pro'
828c1ec4d241bd10758df84288e6d2ae
d43f83d3fc962d82036fd58de03ee2317c463aa6
'2011-09-09T02:23:33-04:00'
describe
'38420' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJO' 'sip-files00027.QC.jpg'
fec356e53868ccb3601da01fcc2882c4
cb30dd182e6e3778aac4ebd505e4e502d8e4ea04
'2011-09-09T02:25:32-04:00'
describe
'2653080' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJP' 'sip-files00027.tif'
d84714a2f65073d1a5d4e5d222d8dbe5
f47a90055e6babef3059a6edf2a6a395704dd42a
'2011-09-09T02:39:31-04:00'
describe
'1298' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJQ' 'sip-files00027.txt'
ae01fd6741c67e4be8aa29c7cb13335e
d1e76554b877689a6b8fc83d8cb9acbf12532925
'2011-09-09T02:32:59-04:00'
describe
'11741' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJR' 'sip-files00027thm.jpg'
311def456267e86cdc29f1313caa98b4
e39f41f8e683b20783750675a4ce6f493d2fb74d
'2011-09-09T02:30:13-04:00'
describe
'321713' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJS' 'sip-files00028.jp2'
038455b499ee83dba76d75def2f891b0
3b29e8f8397296142414dc85bd937dace90e0b23
'2011-09-09T02:28:13-04:00'
describe
'109975' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJT' 'sip-files00028.jpg'
16144e3667532f518637130993603c98
507fe6ba259540bd3691a8482a09b2bc8d67df88
'2011-09-09T02:26:15-04:00'
describe
'31044' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJU' 'sip-files00028.pro'
98f4e821fa2454b2def6913545f07236
6699f843a5c3b335ffe8c3bda745c981c93ef89a
'2011-09-09T02:31:18-04:00'
describe
'37927' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJV' 'sip-files00028.QC.jpg'
c00282860951b36f88279633885f9a7b
db7eb56f2f5c0ab0a304bb96faa7627372a7bab3
'2011-09-09T02:43:13-04:00'
describe
'2595004' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJW' 'sip-files00028.tif'
a7a74e474488e26e75240078c7a966d6
1ee8a5d73556030d088e6f58d796e731c7ace60e
'2011-09-09T02:37:59-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJX' 'sip-files00028.txt'
1856cc9a70ab422645fbc2adf8171ab5
883187e57e632e3a2b7c0a852f7f973f4ec0b632
'2011-09-09T02:42:44-04:00'
describe
'12031' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJY' 'sip-files00028thm.jpg'
195a48e3710d6a60efc6d84eec6730a3
cad4798ee1ad4e91e2ccb95c9a4ef8ea6a32f4f7
'2011-09-09T02:41:36-04:00'
describe
'334030' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACJZ' 'sip-files00029.jp2'
527fc8bae425ea33c9ab1ea875146bbf
d52b13b89ef17cf49a63e63f6412cf838ffab847
'2011-09-09T02:36:58-04:00'
describe
'112874' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKA' 'sip-files00029.jpg'
dd6e890d7884a2749f66f1581c8f70b1
37bfeec032469286fb15b5f8ccf72b58e8489691
'2011-09-09T02:37:26-04:00'
describe
'32596' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKB' 'sip-files00029.pro'
35da02b8052e696a74ff96cd9fa38b33
866e986b329e758dd563d0c10461db4fcfe04a1b
'2011-09-09T02:24:55-04:00'
describe
'38519' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKC' 'sip-files00029.QC.jpg'
3543608936f4a7be5fd0fcc58df52b45
9f1cea2ca0bc0395ffe14a4484b2e3be1b55e83d
'2011-09-09T02:45:11-04:00'
describe
'2694120' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKD' 'sip-files00029.tif'
f316a5f8c87df341f84dc0139a63b1fd
e37ef2b5ffe55a20820df23a1d9a64e099fcdc58
'2011-09-09T02:28:15-04:00'
describe
'1296' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKE' 'sip-files00029.txt'
35de82bf30d68e912f7fc05fd7f6e254
e5b0540b39a519351a60ab4242602dd37e9684bc
'2011-09-09T02:24:09-04:00'
describe
'11241' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKF' 'sip-files00029thm.jpg'
e9f2ac61abe186ffae0b808911ff5a2c
127ee609c07868fde22ad228325dc1a46df0cabd
'2011-09-09T02:35:16-04:00'
describe
'329762' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKG' 'sip-files00030.jp2'
d37207f3876755ab83c08f95ebe74454
780f94aab5bd5fb631ae27695a56479050b27d94
'2011-09-09T02:31:15-04:00'
describe
'112703' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKH' 'sip-files00030.jpg'
5d6c3ec30b9f502bfc176ad1c64a4a67
a849a7458bbceffbc23f89bdc6d1a22aecac8cce
'2011-09-09T02:34:33-04:00'
describe
'32790' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKI' 'sip-files00030.pro'
aa3c7a87a6984b8cb259279340e46558
3dceaa892d77ae454b6dbc9823ab8edc58dd87f3
describe
'38402' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKJ' 'sip-files00030.QC.jpg'
4b86137eeb44d5dbc4fac286a94f9f28
933b2bfa42fed941cd832d96e42d05da1f5770f4
'2011-09-09T02:35:23-04:00'
describe
'2659536' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKK' 'sip-files00030.tif'
29dab7cbc74ae5c8c22bca0aca69d065
2160d73963e423d654049b1b4fefe6c16ae8475e
'2011-09-09T02:36:15-04:00'
describe
'1295' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKL' 'sip-files00030.txt'
4c5c60c76a4160ba1bb58a6f0cc8bd4b
f8ad8f72e88e36536f24ad6bd16801d221fd7739
'2011-09-09T02:25:46-04:00'
describe
'11660' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKM' 'sip-files00030thm.jpg'
8924ea240efb61c8445527e637e8c52a
23942b38fa25d607c87558443c9e9dbd35772df6
'2011-09-09T02:29:08-04:00'
describe
'327880' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKN' 'sip-files00031.jp2'
00add16b5a20f1d66b20c5ba32911901
468ad36ed6aba2b88743dced5f485dd6a42ca1c4
'2011-09-09T02:39:58-04:00'
describe
'110018' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKO' 'sip-files00031.jpg'
36c287f7d76ab89f24ca75e06be5cc33
2b9848e7aa4d4aa1cdc6cfa345abecd812389da9
'2011-09-09T02:37:43-04:00'
describe
'30162' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKP' 'sip-files00031.pro'
913c3a2c8e911f9e783964f24fef740c
36f2898be18aae1cfd1813bc0824bffc785ff9c8
'2011-09-09T02:44:44-04:00'
describe
'36643' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKQ' 'sip-files00031.QC.jpg'
891dc1a77cd04850bfeb94068c138cb6
11e3c67629f69a6ba7ab82b1640df72c4dfd419e
'2011-09-09T02:39:05-04:00'
describe
'2644488' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKR' 'sip-files00031.tif'
05a666d50bdb13f85c7480293e1d94eb
0b1eb7600ee9dd259f3e0db3e3e55ad50f1b2178
'2011-09-09T02:26:17-04:00'
describe
'1248' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKS' 'sip-files00031.txt'
8dd2826114ee234743b4c6efb83ae7b6
acfe94c1d4c36d07212fc6b3e5b02c387e6c5c4e
'2011-09-09T02:39:03-04:00'
describe
'11389' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKT' 'sip-files00031thm.jpg'
d987f4c67eabd43baac3efc121ff0357
23fc11574f53a8b9f7c5248c2c9e9c3429770e70
'2011-09-09T02:32:43-04:00'
describe
'334838' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKU' 'sip-files00032.jp2'
9cfd3feaedbaf5b3a763cc53ebfb1ba0
2e467b5d13f52af5d36e6f8b4e9856db7321c085
describe
'109813' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKV' 'sip-files00032.jpg'
13dff3f63e4f650b77621cc7639ba0ca
16a291b9157b6928ac0c2a4421837669fe31c079
'2011-09-09T02:43:02-04:00'
describe
'31366' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKW' 'sip-files00032.pro'
08b240a0f4a48890e96e9169afca40f1
f4bbbe4fb7770722d3faeffdedb83d193d2b062f
'2011-09-09T02:42:34-04:00'
describe
'37478' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKX' 'sip-files00032.QC.jpg'
cd8d823e5cbef930954103c41985b181
42a2ef2c1ccb9c7c141518ee1f2e1048f4c0e138
'2011-09-09T02:40:23-04:00'
describe
'2700304' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKY' 'sip-files00032.tif'
31bb52354e6348828a3e562f6ffe26ba
b265f2a7a717a2a13031bf28507f0ba1a9907e2f
'2011-09-09T02:43:08-04:00'
describe
'1245' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACKZ' 'sip-files00032.txt'
5f1737ff7d913f1aeafd0607f9b4edc1
7899399dd9e8a3d4c84a92fd0d50fd5af06b32e7
describe
'10809' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLA' 'sip-files00032thm.jpg'
df49dd8f8146a12e0797eac8fd7e5906
be50af9efd9291c6e9baa214e86539ec3cd055e6
'2011-09-09T02:39:12-04:00'
describe
'330850' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLB' 'sip-files00033.jp2'
a650d8a9064d0ed161fa2d66b6286777
9854c0d99b35b0dcb2f92a72acb3ca57f4005b47
'2011-09-09T02:44:42-04:00'
describe
'108529' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLC' 'sip-files00033.jpg'
2dd48c641bb58b509d19d438199d59ec
2e61bfb17dc3a420117091b360962ca43c9bdbd2
'2011-09-09T02:34:09-04:00'
describe
'31030' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLD' 'sip-files00033.pro'
dc19da2ae3496ad292285082cf94800e
23be7c92affd18415f6e5e4c5f69f1803e78f54e
'2011-09-09T02:28:24-04:00'
describe
'37483' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLE' 'sip-files00033.QC.jpg'
684247b64ec33b1b7822c8687038960d
298ef7a51d59f4e4f9fa22a6edc1f314d0292fba
'2011-09-09T02:25:35-04:00'
describe
'2668112' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLF' 'sip-files00033.tif'
286c9a76c79bfa55e495a4e891752809
3939bdfaf5f0da1238d565904b40dedad7f4b641
'2011-09-09T02:35:52-04:00'
describe
'1243' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLG' 'sip-files00033.txt'
d02be1f33eac851598d09768e4649fac
3fb38af934827de77cff49358cc0821af29817c0
describe
'11050' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLH' 'sip-files00033thm.jpg'
79a5daea66469b332fa636c424a820b8
8330b7a1fbd06a9a44a60fe04fe84c4ba1b25407
'2011-09-09T02:30:31-04:00'
describe
'334073' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLI' 'sip-files00034.jp2'
bf0c7113dd3823b440412a666be156c8
167fa6b6da8c5e62aa180ad3d3f764c61d54bb65
'2011-09-09T02:34:53-04:00'
describe
'109100' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLJ' 'sip-files00034.jpg'
0e355abb2a73ae33993e91ab196d35e5
596a2103a92093e4c7c8139e35c7528024bc3334
'2011-09-09T02:35:57-04:00'
describe
'30881' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLK' 'sip-files00034.pro'
23f4e88a928b0beb01ff260e80b2758e
eba6889d27d48a2a86ac2683cfa5441a1fc23e60
'2011-09-09T02:24:30-04:00'
describe
'36559' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLL' 'sip-files00034.QC.jpg'
5440dd2f863a5e981078170c8021ec75
dd7c08e4914e7b3d2d0859aa94b1bd3ae17681f3
'2011-09-09T02:39:45-04:00'
describe
'2693496' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLM' 'sip-files00034.tif'
8b579dd55d6e2c435b5d877fe4989774
bd1b9b04d73809c929978910df4ecd73807f4373
'2011-09-09T02:29:58-04:00'
describe
'1268' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLN' 'sip-files00034.txt'
1c3fab6160d871c7394db40e924fd1bf
2d5b9a650db8d621aae624ccb846444c38711d53
'2011-09-09T02:33:13-04:00'
describe
'10835' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLO' 'sip-files00034thm.jpg'
68c359623f4636859be3ae769ad88c37
d4bb803b1f82c958ddeb2a3d5a8356e7993a90ab
'2011-09-09T02:32:16-04:00'
describe
'323833' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLP' 'sip-files00035.jp2'
1b4473e800e2445fe80a27f35ba9476c
0bdbf1dc9a612c08204b0028cd7bd8974ecb72fd
'2011-09-09T02:26:33-04:00'
describe
'108929' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLQ' 'sip-files00035.jpg'
b8515cb83f73f030fed19a0d1e1bcc91
47dcfaac98a01172f1793967d262d039ad64810a
describe
'32811' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLR' 'sip-files00035.pro'
cdad5be3342fbb3abfaaec940a58d68e
2a79d26ef6a9b79dd1c8c0080e2907a316727f02
'2011-09-09T02:31:34-04:00'
describe
'36061' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLS' 'sip-files00035.QC.jpg'
c7708071f996ff32cbf09ac4c9822120
f811bc4ad0e1a78cf9add5692cd00f3aaf1ef3c9
'2011-09-09T02:40:46-04:00'
describe
'2612048' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLT' 'sip-files00035.tif'
39e94ce0ad07b2d8360782d006c5646f
5bf34f80177813c59a33a1268b613b4c5ab3857e
describe
'1312' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLU' 'sip-files00035.txt'
fa9a67a1d4418e1a6d4b6932dbdcc370
f0ef17f509ff4546a03a5c60ba5ba4327a2b54e0
'2011-09-09T02:35:12-04:00'
describe
'11628' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLV' 'sip-files00035thm.jpg'
c6ecf608c401915722102c65df4f943e
f6d4f5d4e7e7982307aa9c57a92f0df5685bde62
'2011-09-09T02:35:45-04:00'
describe
'319804' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLW' 'sip-files00036.jp2'
2a58b5d8d6916873c918dfd7c8936920
c4dd8e7af8d265121b04f5e5d3f0c8ddc69606de
describe
'104359' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLX' 'sip-files00036.jpg'
cb23d2d26548663d90caf228bce38617
604b9ce4334b23d80a8366f9cc68b30e1c440947
'2011-09-09T02:29:27-04:00'
describe
'29587' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLY' 'sip-files00036.pro'
a000788dfa4dd8edc06b01e83a793cb3
672b1179527e76207200d574321a874c51a0b237
'2011-09-09T02:23:47-04:00'
describe
'35826' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACLZ' 'sip-files00036.QC.jpg'
e8ae6fe33fb1934c04e37c85c692e9de
5ca0f4a322c149577b4b0ede55c0b97c374e84a5
describe
'2579396' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMA' 'sip-files00036.tif'
f507e7c1419695cb700a242997efdcb3
ad29c06e16cf0d43e0476ad42c21f40be6cb1569
'2011-09-09T02:29:09-04:00'
describe
'1217' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMB' 'sip-files00036.txt'
afb54fea0ed3c08f76c547d8f3244ca5
b988214ab5828e1a7366a98be476d126310c2048
describe
'10727' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMC' 'sip-files00036thm.jpg'
189d20dac271784791030a8744d4d018
114106268ec8407b5c81a5c02929682ee1cd593a
'2011-09-09T02:26:26-04:00'
describe
'323841' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMD' 'sip-files00037.jp2'
4ca424e3bee2332eae515da777d17c2c
754cb77ad63e40e77f53e02b1af843391d9e67f7
'2011-09-09T02:44:40-04:00'
describe
'87577' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACME' 'sip-files00037.jpg'
c7916a30bc0fd67f855e7ea68d569093
387e6ba343fd794e1bdd7395768fb40bfe876309
'2011-09-09T02:32:13-04:00'
describe
'27395' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMF' 'sip-files00037.pro'
e01843fadc496155ba6b6d22051c5c6b
fa4a59cb963b0e905fa36b12fa5dd9247ff29c59
describe
'28307' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMG' 'sip-files00037.QC.jpg'
f12e1d1ae4de14c8f644ecabddcac84b
6277c6754136e7f68fc6c3b6920dc81854168c8f
'2011-09-09T02:40:17-04:00'
describe
'2611108' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMH' 'sip-files00037.tif'
506f23b704c96922188c64c4fffb7956
7cd7a64b1252013cad5d1a92e2172ba5d207fe1f
'2011-09-09T02:38:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMI' 'sip-files00037.txt'
98f3c415f133de59b8e831e51b389057
0d14cb015310797f5930e545671252c21df713f3
'2011-09-09T02:33:32-04:00'
describe
'8865' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMJ' 'sip-files00037thm.jpg'
73135595594700497b7a97449656f926
ce88a1f51981c4fcaf76ea75e17537fee2e5aa66
'2011-09-09T02:27:05-04:00'
describe
'327893' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMK' 'sip-files00038.jp2'
6add3284c1c33d1c1bac7acccd606ef9
21af79fb57a42dc4c01214e05193bfb8afd47655
'2011-09-09T02:25:38-04:00'
describe
'112305' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACML' 'sip-files00038.jpg'
a7f89193bbccb4c7b032bfb347b776ab
f2e05d992f4f21569d1cbd2ce06547fbd14302c6
'2011-09-09T02:43:14-04:00'
describe
'32199' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMM' 'sip-files00038.pro'
f20e12e182b3287ea49a8c3237625e02
26fef326337cef613ecc60ab013b252a971b1603
'2011-09-09T02:42:27-04:00'
describe
'37787' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMN' 'sip-files00038.QC.jpg'
08bdc27b53974b9791b6a12a612128d8
e9dc347bbf009306cb947b67b7f76c62cb397bd3
'2011-09-09T02:39:42-04:00'
describe
'2644588' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMO' 'sip-files00038.tif'
22b6c3109cfae2795031485077f93c67
ad066a9c8faabd8c7186fd98fb9b180720d9ba2e
'2011-09-09T02:36:35-04:00'
describe
'1285' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMP' 'sip-files00038.txt'
4d6d475c79afd9bf019969675377c407
1636ca0241cecf404da6b98abfb09f7b2e6b0364
'2011-09-09T02:28:20-04:00'
describe
'10590' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMQ' 'sip-files00038thm.jpg'
a67433ee805c12549492e31747eab227
2d66deee314ce6e234c04a0fb2d68fa6771283a0
'2011-09-09T02:25:43-04:00'
describe
'335943' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMR' 'sip-files00039.jp2'
f322f769a138306070d20cb03b7ceb22
b8d52b6b84533fb52ac5f73162cd4bf3bf435b91
'2011-09-09T02:41:50-04:00'
describe
'118666' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMS' 'sip-files00039.jpg'
3907b8995b19dc44a91531db093d8f59
1ad014889a014b10c056291031c97aee6ed27f7c
describe
'33402' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMT' 'sip-files00039.pro'
bea95129d5215eb5ae58fa0889d30e34
b12178aa21fd644ab4e3a476d25ac1a52d628bf5
'2011-09-09T02:31:55-04:00'
describe
'38895' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMU' 'sip-files00039.QC.jpg'
1ad3143ec530712637cd6dd9ea582921
d1629e07fd76e2276190babafc48a3c1c9fa8ed7
'2011-09-09T02:26:02-04:00'
describe
'2709196' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMV' 'sip-files00039.tif'
1cf03428934fb4397c5a1333f546f32d
532cfe101db81595d989652ed7fd77802a15fc73
'2011-09-09T02:42:42-04:00'
describe
'1339' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMW' 'sip-files00039.txt'
05c1dc4f8c11a01447bb4e65ea856d24
d319ab680fcc83c49411e657224473bd06cf0fa4
'2011-09-09T02:44:55-04:00'
describe
'11100' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMX' 'sip-files00039thm.jpg'
32d982d69dd8e379dd20e2c4d0b25f57
e964c24a370e84d4b7a3a3b516e868e8180938af
'2011-09-09T02:38:28-04:00'
describe
'334088' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMY' 'sip-files00040.jp2'
49c71abbc379d9ee264a7a112e5da292
b77b5e2e262ae1a5eddce7265d136bea99cff135
'2011-09-09T02:23:07-04:00'
describe
'110023' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACMZ' 'sip-files00040.jpg'
c741da9582b6609ca841ab175e107b60
935e90bc040c447e36ed269615275613f9c78ff1
'2011-09-09T02:36:24-04:00'
describe
'32065' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNA' 'sip-files00040.pro'
11a748a351ea055e8d6b82c313cb11ae
e8a4da40f2a4b76523edbb5dd594ced83e0dffb2
'2011-09-09T02:42:54-04:00'
describe
'37974' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNB' 'sip-files00040.QC.jpg'
36c66e5367762bd6ba0047540a102547
3c6f74191cff134759f8a2a224b417ccc40bbfbb
'2011-09-09T02:32:00-04:00'
describe
'2693892' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNC' 'sip-files00040.tif'
414f6e859945d0e3ac297e8d99d37f2f
df6e30299faec337abe6b11d68205ae67e7616a5
'2011-09-09T02:36:01-04:00'
describe
'1270' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACND' 'sip-files00040.txt'
4bb5b15dbb3ee7cb4b62e2ad71ed832c
f3fe80ac884657817bb67478f72493931c9a4e10
'2011-09-09T02:36:54-04:00'
describe
'11207' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNE' 'sip-files00040thm.jpg'
4a6e86f2f73e5995aaaf52c1ba18cbe3
c9255cb9ca22cd86f4d732848fc1e17ad891d38e
'2011-09-09T02:35:07-04:00'
describe
'341091' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNF' 'sip-files00041.jp2'
6840af227441b3fada12c38fe39abb91
c9794104059fe2083066ac3efe0f6ba156e1649e
'2011-09-09T02:44:20-04:00'
describe
'116862' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNG' 'sip-files00041.jpg'
e26cd5651c68d8e09f6be8d067f34786
4e610280121f2be9c8211a75e22f27c539c4a611
'2011-09-09T02:25:57-04:00'
describe
'32234' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNH' 'sip-files00041.pro'
6a33c9f063c26770e3c0423670b18b5d
30e08ea5a822acd72e8d48dbf254c38830943208
'2011-09-09T02:27:31-04:00'
describe
'37559' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNI' 'sip-files00041.QC.jpg'
14cfbb4948321e232726d93746e70efc
5ed64269cbcf8c4e6cc5ab520d29b5625c898b27
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNJ' 'sip-files00041.tif'
4afe6ff172c720d428bcca8344f215fb
647f64024aedd5cea90b74fada12350828c98bfe
'2011-09-09T02:27:53-04:00'
describe
'1297' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNK' 'sip-files00041.txt'
e8620687098ac8ba146c6649286835d6
ff1d6a934b78fc919b8fd9aef4665071d5efb7a2
'2011-09-09T02:30:45-04:00'
describe
'10650' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNL' 'sip-files00041thm.jpg'
2cab832db7fb73c87ab914e39925dad8
08f462983625cae01356a7d8693b993257421e7b
'2011-09-09T02:37:07-04:00'
describe
'330013' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNM' 'sip-files00042.jp2'
257f874e785d5a72e78ba019696cabfa
2b496c53cb6d50377f09368fe6a3a384c2e8bd38
describe
'110350' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNN' 'sip-files00042.jpg'
dfe4770ae8b4f25d5ca612f628111031
2433ea2229cfe09119586033e4edacc9c3147304
'2011-09-09T02:32:56-04:00'
describe
'32771' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNO' 'sip-files00042.pro'
de48a1fe93f752d48d0e29adbdf3346d
14f687402eda2237bbff89b3716477778d2960d2
'2011-09-09T02:26:28-04:00'
describe
'37672' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNP' 'sip-files00042.QC.jpg'
43206df2064c0589eaf552ff96050a36
02678be6d0c5eddb44d8e9ff92e5f83676c49ee6
'2011-09-09T02:31:10-04:00'
describe
'2661640' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNQ' 'sip-files00042.tif'
65578f80609929a6fc8ae0631f511e63
551e0daa0b8dba9cc68f097628dad783d7eb7f2e
'2011-09-09T02:44:35-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNR' 'sip-files00042.txt'
a91c5c351a76c31571c19751696943f5
0108710693a73ead1927fca2fb28cd0e7257a7a4
'2011-09-09T02:30:47-04:00'
describe
'11323' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNS' 'sip-files00042thm.jpg'
b4c344f692e594c39c34bf71186d8034
62edc402ea7276d2abb20d26d8e678eaba3e9300
'2011-09-09T02:31:11-04:00'
describe
'344312' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNT' 'sip-files00043.jp2'
44a34bdfb0cd99b0b9d270e60cf9efe9
9f73614fc4d4a2eb745eefffedcf6fc29c9ef7f3
'2011-09-09T02:29:48-04:00'
describe
'109651' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNU' 'sip-files00043.jpg'
9c57e7ca75bc03ad83cca68249beb52e
8fcb403a963e877c0326c4ffcd0a279bd9e5fbb0
'2011-09-09T02:23:13-04:00'
describe
'31457' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNV' 'sip-files00043.pro'
f64c800b3ea2633ac0350ebe5c885aad
0e12c54f720fe43732c3733b0a9b026c05b0bb02
'2011-09-09T02:31:32-04:00'
describe
'37127' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNW' 'sip-files00043.QC.jpg'
17cb7d1964668f5248ac9791e62f8df4
7c8bc29584ed2a1bea2e3cfb971244cb6a918455
'2011-09-09T02:28:32-04:00'
describe
'2775752' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNX' 'sip-files00043.tif'
daf289675f254eebc3132c95bec44aa0
df56bb2bdaa9592cf8eaf3d3f4b56357c47c8eb6
'2011-09-09T02:24:03-04:00'
describe
'1264' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNY' 'sip-files00043.txt'
33ac5ca02f7145495e263492c92d69f8
9c43fabf055b7420083436fe3048a000f52dd94d
'2011-09-09T02:35:53-04:00'
describe
'9950' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACNZ' 'sip-files00043thm.jpg'
39da8c27d48506ab85010661a4a737fe
d4bf383af18b8338d4cefa292b4645fca6695267
'2011-09-09T02:25:15-04:00'
describe
'337019' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOA' 'sip-files00044.jp2'
b3e3fa92bce31981fe8b3587d4d80dae
af3e3aef604277086b8928bd20dce6d092d6227b
'2011-09-09T02:34:12-04:00'
describe
'113613' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOB' 'sip-files00044.jpg'
21bd7e3ae265a441520b8fc927ba1f9e
0f5e67c8b534817eed8c6559836f6061256dd6e4
'2011-09-09T02:34:40-04:00'
describe
'31865' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOC' 'sip-files00044.pro'
83d3530af5bdeef5100575b68bf9d52c
854677455591358176b034cdebbd14c34368f56e
'2011-09-09T02:34:14-04:00'
describe
'39073' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOD' 'sip-files00044.QC.jpg'
846eb92b788740a40ef953511c81e188
d245ccbb4d3df9c2c521675240db954e4db602d1
'2011-09-09T02:32:22-04:00'
describe
'2717940' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOE' 'sip-files00044.tif'
da6ed87f165e663daf1f1e73fe67cbef
ba4dd6dd07ddce8f6bd09c467b7a36a5d5342325
'2011-09-09T02:23:38-04:00'
describe
'1257' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOF' 'sip-files00044.txt'
235efdf600073d9af7d9b7b6beeaa95c
fae6eeeebdd720c3f4b6124d5738e95d6b8c7ede
'2011-09-09T02:27:09-04:00'
describe
'11187' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOG' 'sip-files00044thm.jpg'
83a38a9dc69bb8a1a829cf140052eb32
a1433afcfb98405e55afa3cbd1215f0f742eb37d
describe
'342159' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOH' 'sip-files00045.jp2'
758fd663226288577e14c64ca0ccbac6
3fe503524c4e21a1589e2a8809a74694e30084ab
'2011-09-09T02:29:11-04:00'
describe
'117463' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOI' 'sip-files00045.jpg'
a8452b3d488e8d1fc7c3d25013302751
bba9b2ff00fd269157e137ed6ab6190686f10617
'2011-09-09T02:28:26-04:00'
describe
'33319' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOJ' 'sip-files00045.pro'
98cf4096d6a7a560d37dbf250c73ccfe
d894d201c2c637d54d095074c4052b117b49c242
'2011-09-09T02:44:34-04:00'
describe
'39519' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOK' 'sip-files00045.QC.jpg'
0cdc4e477ef5400fd16d0f2d154e50d1
4a8c754397fd08dc61aa42d19a955c694b55f809
'2011-09-09T02:31:56-04:00'
describe
'2758504' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOL' 'sip-files00045.tif'
741bb723332db97c19321226392172ab
423807e75192fc3552e344514ee5e01c39b8d3e5
'2011-09-09T02:29:12-04:00'
describe
'1317' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOM' 'sip-files00045.txt'
d3b93f8d48386b1ef3cc375de55369c7
d32d797101608d0d88ab01fbf8c4af142939bcd3
'2011-09-09T02:26:04-04:00'
describe
'11095' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACON' 'sip-files00045thm.jpg'
cef96bab56ffa3bcb790748bc6225b33
e9dcf5943689bed2559cd35f37988f80244b4572
'2011-09-09T02:43:53-04:00'
describe
'334883' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOO' 'sip-files00046.jp2'
69ec97f5260c09b02374d23889b2e1a8
1d7df9c5c30d5f6256b635e031e2ed7cdda79471
'2011-09-09T02:30:19-04:00'
describe
'112104' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOP' 'sip-files00046.jpg'
ec14a4c6bdb959a4d5975f8cb2435b5a
85ff20d867bff73678e2cc8702b54ece6c6c06da
'2011-09-09T02:28:02-04:00'
describe
'32728' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOQ' 'sip-files00046.pro'
21bb5c8954ec80e5ad62fdca8ea0b23a
a1e71405442dbefce65f5fff01cb6d59d038131f
'2011-09-09T02:36:37-04:00'
describe
'38144' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOR' 'sip-files00046.QC.jpg'
133b3760522978652fdaceabfaa45d7d
fcab95056bdf25dc7e5f5952f98f241ce1df1a60
'2011-09-09T02:38:51-04:00'
describe
'2700620' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOS' 'sip-files00046.tif'
9ddb4ed59221f4736a2c5d11f8eb5eb1
5f4d4c6d57790b866474da941b3b5c7060b41f5b
describe
'1293' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOT' 'sip-files00046.txt'
fa32de1ddd510894f3faf2587acd3932
633186a290e88df51aeef626aae3e4447726fa33
describe
'11384' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOU' 'sip-files00046thm.jpg'
97c601580cf345330a600e11a79a41f6
6ce6f3337787dcbf0bb4ccb51e907605d8208c80
'2011-09-09T02:27:23-04:00'
describe
'341054' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOV' 'sip-files00047.jp2'
3a2225bff4f55a341feb7a5c95b4b708
0e5455546db696bc79caad89bcb4009990dbe9fe
'2011-09-09T02:25:40-04:00'
describe
'113066' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOW' 'sip-files00047.jpg'
89702cb1f978bb71dfb25e406f77e735
719ce748824b27961f27c34f98ad0fc7375383ff
'2011-09-09T02:25:02-04:00'
describe
'33094' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOX' 'sip-files00047.pro'
b9d4c59af45a4d8e2ed5454eea917bfd
f1b5be02615c7f36d22bc938bf9c176721e53276
'2011-09-09T02:43:55-04:00'
describe
'38318' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOY' 'sip-files00047.QC.jpg'
2206bf285bf3c826bc3fea2cfc9d8a84
2b663491eb28abc247b69855d1c5ecd843437eee
'2011-09-09T02:26:25-04:00'
describe
'2749596' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACOZ' 'sip-files00047.tif'
d02e9f66e3512f2badd57222bdc82da1
5df61c388f70e1789c41c504f9db6d7455b5af0c
'2011-09-09T02:23:59-04:00'
describe
'1314' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPA' 'sip-files00047.txt'
23ea9fe167d6ec1cbbe12db7376e8dd5
bbdf0705c5ab1c4c41bbb893af0f1d7175ecea72
'2011-09-09T02:32:44-04:00'
describe
'10682' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPB' 'sip-files00047thm.jpg'
7a7a5eec01f0f73c36f07e0a71cf8dd1
fca0161f9364d7e51b646e9d0cee99806db947c7
'2011-09-09T02:27:17-04:00'
describe
'350200' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPC' 'sip-files00048.jp2'
019a0bbb3e7dff8c65c4cfe7da1fd28a
b5b0b343f4aa256cbb6196bb85c1b21c329a86f1
'2011-09-09T02:31:07-04:00'
describe
'116375' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPD' 'sip-files00048.jpg'
8a53d829593a00c0424b046eccd44df1
6061a062722896391f7dba9716b609f6446d4d52
'2011-09-09T02:45:03-04:00'
describe
'31934' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPE' 'sip-files00048.pro'
1f03f63cd12555477b370d339023ec2d
6f5077bb080c1111ff11ac0abfdf1a88f6a97cc4
'2011-09-09T02:43:23-04:00'
describe
'39633' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPF' 'sip-files00048.QC.jpg'
7213369aae0745d73acef90d628e973a
a896b194406b849a86ef3dbaa5d54078e8fab974
'2011-09-09T02:28:49-04:00'
describe
'2823256' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPG' 'sip-files00048.tif'
9d0f8d4b5c055f603e82d95bc632ef10
7e3397973061a37989c24d7ddbe58bdcb75368ad
'2011-09-09T02:31:09-04:00'
describe
'1302' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPH' 'sip-files00048.txt'
9725993d3e55d2020a7b981648875638
79c0a0766c3a76de8bdfe005ecd7ce80d1040cb7
'2011-09-09T02:44:45-04:00'
describe
'10466' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPI' 'sip-files00048thm.jpg'
d984d7507389fe387b4a94fadef1d893
a98019bf932bbd851c971ea79da3e91951cf4fcb
'2011-09-09T02:36:39-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPJ' 'sip-files00049.jp2'
77db7d37bb5eed8ffe695130dee4c2f6
4142d602219306a3dd455557e965da4570331b46
'2011-09-09T02:23:19-04:00'
describe
'111191' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPK' 'sip-files00049.jpg'
d749e2226734e7caa82602b126af3332
597d479a510e68f1ae5e40a226023bd3b337b135
'2011-09-09T02:42:55-04:00'
describe
'31392' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPL' 'sip-files00049.pro'
5cc3b13471e50875c57866f14e69ea67
f119b77b9319cda1938b5999ef700909708f3c3c
'2011-09-09T02:39:22-04:00'
describe
'36169' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPM' 'sip-files00049.QC.jpg'
117f30612350dc005718d80f9638304d
6705038aaafba5e7905960f1ca1971add2fda1e9
describe
'2822888' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPN' 'sip-files00049.tif'
f6db1c1e9a82a33d80ec6ee3e38ef4ca
2afd187c24db11d618ca90d5339251681bf4c9f1
'2011-09-09T02:37:51-04:00'
describe
'1263' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPO' 'sip-files00049.txt'
9ce3947484f7ab899d2eb41353f9fac5
d16bcd30910e6cb1a74a4fc94d93fa939ca9cb77
'2011-09-09T02:39:30-04:00'
describe
'9913' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPP' 'sip-files00049thm.jpg'
c3a4c202c3cad78c5a165c15df8f0978
0e41c40b5843b7085e67ff4f6b18571136838185
'2011-09-09T02:32:52-04:00'
describe
'350173' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPQ' 'sip-files00050.jp2'
6343d5e0024fbb5f56f81a73c9806f99
ee813020bed8b9fef1ea786435814b8d65a219bd
'2011-09-09T02:44:43-04:00'
describe
'110492' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPR' 'sip-files00050.jpg'
91f205bc02835d084c495d675cf4bbbb
7e03e8af9b2b7ca6e3213d15137d1d0ea24f5485
'2011-09-09T02:30:09-04:00'
describe
'31968' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPS' 'sip-files00050.pro'
b4a8dddce400b62cae532bfa9b55e25d
e44f12390be0d38a71fcf94f4861ef0297869299
'2011-09-09T02:33:15-04:00'
describe
'37289' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPT' 'sip-files00050.QC.jpg'
c93c9ac49add4f8bba9af7559b023be6
df51fa7df4bb65f8ba5153477db7101e01849d22
'2011-09-09T02:42:15-04:00'
describe
'2823048' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPU' 'sip-files00050.tif'
5806b398a5912718454cdde535a5f701
d4c2b6890d6c9b1de86cc931fc04e571e9af4477
describe
'1259' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPV' 'sip-files00050.txt'
4590798702f7dc11d38765eaf0a6cefd
8410e73a9748dfe396c44ab892d50df6a66fd39e
'2011-09-09T02:30:35-04:00'
describe
'10051' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPW' 'sip-files00050thm.jpg'
b4fdd7373dc9f7180d883dbd6c2f2325
6bb64adf496d9c6ee68123fdd2d782e13cbb7ede
'2011-09-09T02:34:29-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPX' 'sip-files00051.jp2'
71f30d1b19df72f3b5dec5f3e16bb007
af589e75f06adb0916a1411055f3d0d6e2bd4fac
'2011-09-09T02:41:38-04:00'
describe
'38094' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPY' 'sip-files00051.jpg'
1340b29004c26504ce01a5bc94b6b845
048376521ebf00403431389eb2d45094b4728d12
'2011-09-09T02:36:04-04:00'
describe
'7073' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACPZ' 'sip-files00051.pro'
75da707eb3d95c06484ad450ae2b686e
c88866656e5055beded3ba90516121755c3c3f8b
'2011-09-09T02:44:39-04:00'
describe
'12035' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQA' 'sip-files00051.QC.jpg'
c7cee65f49ad919ee6033ce5d4d53981
3885237a665c5ad5e01d23d0f93b00d6f7144fd0
'2011-09-09T02:38:14-04:00'
describe
'2820224' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQB' 'sip-files00051.tif'
227ee9b432c8ea33c7da44e6ddb55a46
464df437e8eea1b1d7f5b2c8bf2627ceb8633220
'2011-09-09T02:39:46-04:00'
describe
'301' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQC' 'sip-files00051.txt'
2c36ce1d95656064d72c21210a9123e2
2258f1e4023a1aa04d25c7f10e5ebf515f45659a
describe
'3368' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQD' 'sip-files00051thm.jpg'
41c0d8801e9fe2d67773e21edd2d2953
256d6a335622951402b22ef14df57349ddeb33ad
'2011-09-09T02:35:09-04:00'
describe
'350241' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQE' 'sip-files00052.jp2'
cce2f7402cbf36161215668c9c5503ec
e600ba399bc18d73758317cee2ab7063a1d5468f
'2011-09-09T02:29:03-04:00'
describe
'94102' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQF' 'sip-files00052.jpg'
b2e3f09c124e80ce1186de343ac05cdd
cf28b39e76251be3c789726062e7ea361053cb90
describe
'26616' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQG' 'sip-files00052.pro'
3079e8992899834a7f6d54fd70a2c9b6
613644ae15d2c59662b05f6161cdd794a823b880
'2011-09-09T02:27:32-04:00'
describe
'30435' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQH' 'sip-files00052.QC.jpg'
9dfede11f48420bd92ebf9a65cf0b7bf
3575ca69e26c95972a7be062ef81b25c0398b464
'2011-09-09T02:33:34-04:00'
describe
'2822440' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQI' 'sip-files00052.tif'
381d3e8551086caa55a19f875f84d05d
cb4099b31808febe9cd2e468cfab19a9ede16fbe
'2011-09-09T02:29:19-04:00'
describe
'1134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQJ' 'sip-files00052.txt'
4612b83a06d2f66d13a665ccb36ddc3c
5117766c752165395d78b44bd379696bab0386b8
'2011-09-09T02:27:18-04:00'
describe
'7989' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQK' 'sip-files00052thm.jpg'
24bbe838c0ec357a8c176c197600b882
b8b92f5f3fcff28da6ad8b60b06ffff11c92b72a
'2011-09-09T02:33:03-04:00'
describe
'350208' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQL' 'sip-files00053.jp2'
4fd5bf1da3cab03323c85ad106245097
4e059f446b64e82a3857c0018b92046ab72b03dd
'2011-09-09T02:23:09-04:00'
describe
'113304' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQM' 'sip-files00053.jpg'
182acf33ddd7c90553fe31d4cc40dc16
12c4ec42935c27d920ce66de2382eabf13316708
'2011-09-09T02:23:56-04:00'
describe
'31788' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQN' 'sip-files00053.pro'
3e18a7a97bc2d9d511f0dd88217ffb92
68f693912e056e4a724767d7fca70f100a3489a8
'2011-09-09T02:29:47-04:00'
describe
'37754' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQO' 'sip-files00053.QC.jpg'
cad25dc5e226078e9cc601a56ec3eab4
fd4459f1ff23a6f4e6217201d0e9b2bd9e91eb6e
'2011-09-09T02:36:10-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQP' 'sip-files00053.tif'
155f43d73604485f06d4132d75d71046
b3a173e1ea942e10b6efce346c4d84a652531ce2
'2011-09-09T02:33:37-04:00'
describe
'1260' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQQ' 'sip-files00053.txt'
782e1b8a56bf95431762477bf94341ca
52a828cf87457e798a1087618a3327b8db410b2e
describe
'10564' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQR' 'sip-files00053thm.jpg'
bde78295669c9f3539b9a3225a81d8cc
730dfbdfe43420547bd35d255a9b18ac19eb54c3
describe
'350232' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQS' 'sip-files00054.jp2'
45f4e830bc2ad27d8c8048e3d3d597d7
2a858cae25f3a1c47816634372705a7801287f1e
'2011-09-09T02:23:17-04:00'
describe
'112665' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQT' 'sip-files00054.jpg'
af4825437f15e2c8a44bc0d73b51673d
5b1177919ba06110cdbc8dae60dfe60619403823
'2011-09-09T02:26:07-04:00'
describe
'30889' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQU' 'sip-files00054.pro'
c4707a0f9799160d4a2c3b8c60e33098
e09da8d95e49ec1f2ce9c9be2ccef3f5dff608ee
'2011-09-09T02:33:08-04:00'
describe
'37327' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQV' 'sip-files00054.QC.jpg'
256ccd3a82f564ce50eaddf96b88f9d9
08ab3184eccd7af5ecb4a638e5b26e0abc2a1653
'2011-09-09T02:29:49-04:00'
describe
'2822976' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQW' 'sip-files00054.tif'
ff22676d56813125d0cd5e4075b40d5f
44ba4c75e005106d3fea6de43283a75ae67180c3
describe
'1224' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQX' 'sip-files00054.txt'
a6079eecb82f5c3857b5fbbdb63f2845
60f14a34e9a048822c646e33421be2888b66c085
'2011-09-09T02:24:28-04:00'
describe
'9906' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQY' 'sip-files00054thm.jpg'
2f32f5473aa52f5ba8a893784987bbb9
a2ebefe92624153bfdda936054662fb6d0cce617
'2011-09-09T02:29:02-04:00'
describe
'350180' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACQZ' 'sip-files00055.jp2'
5d73ea104b855e034f47c0586daba828
cc488e16af2cfdd74f8eac7184b33c9c873b3777
'2011-09-09T02:30:21-04:00'
describe
'116267' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRA' 'sip-files00055.jpg'
59e9137623d0b9945b32f34186a7b67e
62f96cac0780159e3797a2406a0770b5d5135f96
'2011-09-09T02:36:09-04:00'
describe
'31692' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRB' 'sip-files00055.pro'
9bfdcf9a9bbb7f8be0161dde1068458c
7d577570cb76e07f2a2a0b513800cbb3922c5157
'2011-09-09T02:36:46-04:00'
describe
'38786' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRC' 'sip-files00055.QC.jpg'
32683ad1de58c66846d3af1a6ca5783c
fb93e3b1d8a2404e09bf81eaed635f89010fff94
'2011-09-09T02:29:18-04:00'
describe
'2823296' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRD' 'sip-files00055.tif'
886ef8473a2088f2e0fa6236ad7f2e9b
8dc3d18ca8d5e29db214e346e0f5e95ddbe4be84
'2011-09-09T02:34:03-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRE' 'sip-files00055.txt'
0336f31d5068e565e5155bf36d4c6e53
9d226077488fe7156711307ad96af9e6ad3e43a1
'2011-09-09T02:44:54-04:00'
describe
'10070' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRF' 'sip-files00055thm.jpg'
109f6d0e5848b4208afc147413103f76
58e478979bf4dfdc346a76c03bae2c3a18c34dc2
'2011-09-09T02:27:27-04:00'
describe
'350234' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRG' 'sip-files00056.jp2'
299c3f00fb5a9beff047b419285b8623
88fa90b569431a8cef3b7a3d415599c26936338b
'2011-09-09T02:43:24-04:00'
describe
'115869' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRH' 'sip-files00056.jpg'
ec44ce4e54d7255b2a70ff52128af8f6
5e15af794e6e37c9eee81693985cb6e8f0d95886
'2011-09-09T02:33:52-04:00'
describe
'30799' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRI' 'sip-files00056.pro'
9d28a5a1693c334025bbbc2d85d20a3a
fa38fac78fde2bfee6ff2abfce30bd104de7e6c4
'2011-09-09T02:30:16-04:00'
describe
'39801' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRJ' 'sip-files00056.QC.jpg'
eda1ebf125fd858ec57b77a1f3d7c48c
121ebf83bd1bf00514250980bd5e07b15e731e90
'2011-09-09T02:26:43-04:00'
describe
'2823484' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRK' 'sip-files00056.tif'
34e15e3be18272e691d6e355b7714b21
4ee33ba706766ffb7a25543c4b3ca36852493b0e
'2011-09-09T02:30:34-04:00'
describe
'1261' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRL' 'sip-files00056.txt'
319fb52c18d4c655744d567fe11b6b4f
f88e582639eca9a94da51bdf6f17bcb6fd888f1f
'2011-09-09T02:32:19-04:00'
describe
'10283' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRM' 'sip-files00056thm.jpg'
8f2f6b58ca02a979bd4926a0eca62de8
d0e4fd615fe7414150afb01f4023652aa58a21b3
'2011-09-09T02:24:00-04:00'
describe
'350242' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRN' 'sip-files00057.jp2'
bf4d832ea7ed31cf8a04a7c3a8e0e477
46331bd436e055bd07f8524041f7ed98e740ebbe
describe
'116501' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRO' 'sip-files00057.jpg'
7263c94f06d5da74aa383a09fb64626b
c8e7871b20598c9d534c0b6fb406c21e3ae6ae4b
'2011-09-09T02:41:54-04:00'
describe
'32868' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRP' 'sip-files00057.pro'
068aefd70c332d5b3b9c1c0fd84455f8
31280f49186a9cda29350045495491f0d57484ab
'2011-09-09T02:24:43-04:00'
describe
'39143' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRQ' 'sip-files00057.QC.jpg'
5e7c3022c01dc47af67946cb934c1df6
8548507f45c772bc2baa46251b84b98efedb81b0
describe
'2823316' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRR' 'sip-files00057.tif'
d7e62992edc76261ff6fc8767cbf9325
0be14ce252bcebaa088479e2ed9ba250c9a7da45
describe
'1325' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRS' 'sip-files00057.txt'
c94962839952a1bdae57dd68078d4354
8f3e1761305153b7cfda3e567868476e7751c087
'2011-09-09T02:25:42-04:00'
describe
'9947' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRT' 'sip-files00057thm.jpg'
113d4856cc5aea09934c2ce0015ea5aa
1e1fa4ff481438d7335996518c6da8a1b08b07b5
'2011-09-09T02:25:11-04:00'
describe
'350196' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRU' 'sip-files00058.jp2'
6e00ea133ba94af4f8d543c9a66f4d94
3579bbb031cdb0e0a6840714562345eea129e8b6
'2011-09-09T02:38:55-04:00'
describe
'114920' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRV' 'sip-files00058.jpg'
fcd975acb3e23c76af0d61a678396ff1
07d323e007ddfb85417768ecc7bf9e1127b5ec74
'2011-09-09T02:40:51-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRW' 'sip-files00058.pro'
1977a245f33e7ae9f0b1116060bdbb77
1ee33cd95f20e587ca8f90b855f7bf15170d7502
'2011-09-09T02:41:11-04:00'
describe
'37573' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRX' 'sip-files00058.QC.jpg'
34b236ee2fdbe58f926dfd57022d7329
c15152c9b21ca24276c566725508894c4ef5929a
'2011-09-09T02:43:35-04:00'
describe
'2823344' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRY' 'sip-files00058.tif'
df70f117cabe8ce8c701cbe605467d2f
d51b5ec3dc9776dfddeeec32b3b359310c1ad11d
'2011-09-09T02:43:52-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACRZ' 'sip-files00058.txt'
7fba6f480de8916934cd5379915d27c6
7c1c313f194abdf0ba54766ac4765ee2b09b3ae3
'2011-09-09T02:25:25-04:00'
describe
'10424' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSA' 'sip-files00058thm.jpg'
c2d381954f8f07d0f0e993338cd8a9f3
0b3968caf7540b4a3917ecbd9215ea62a2cb07a2
'2011-09-09T02:29:24-04:00'
describe
'350222' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSB' 'sip-files00059.jp2'
bd7d34803f05b0433489260d812a497e
9355e1df3f389c19003029cd1d017128a0713958
'2011-09-09T02:36:23-04:00'
describe
'111633' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSC' 'sip-files00059.jpg'
004d10c53befa0adb04db0e9b1ba8070
2f98f279b655022944299339cb7882836422d766
'2011-09-09T02:41:16-04:00'
describe
'31524' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSD' 'sip-files00059.pro'
8d6ecd24ba22cbf92b5e45208e5a95ac
8c9e5cfec5556306a5accb7fdd6c446375c1cec9
'2011-09-09T02:43:19-04:00'
describe
'37403' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSE' 'sip-files00059.QC.jpg'
513b6ab735c8adad089d7466d1212e19
7048877b5be76668b58215de748400ee3b7c81b5
'2011-09-09T02:24:36-04:00'
describe
'2823104' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSF' 'sip-files00059.tif'
14e36f1cbfdcedd7b228c0644f4bca14
fce3aa340ac58a43d6bfbce50768a21865ce68e4
'2011-09-09T02:33:10-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSG' 'sip-files00059.txt'
8755fd982474e0d271b851b13ff822a1
6f72c3304e3a78fafd482e86f0c0546591665cb9
'2011-09-09T02:27:07-04:00'
describe
'10026' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSH' 'sip-files00059thm.jpg'
59241e1630b48e1956d679ad033ae5b4
ca65fefea3f5b83711b0646372401b30251abd41
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSI' 'sip-files00060.jp2'
208b755d34fbb294335cc9453abaf548
be6c5e519ccb86ab3741be5752d3242e5bd2c73b
'2011-09-09T02:38:30-04:00'
describe
'118762' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSJ' 'sip-files00060.jpg'
1dc856cd70c925b29b875d10d59ba80f
6cca9b2e45afc65cff2ed422a8349cd1a740b881
describe
'33133' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSK' 'sip-files00060.pro'
830e8ec3a579b9b7518d95fcd9576175
6cb39ed71486c40c1d56d8157eda8a855a434c06
'2011-09-09T02:41:31-04:00'
describe
'39688' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSL' 'sip-files00060.QC.jpg'
b3b4571870600656def017a6fc8f8951
37e72001de6d87ed4b0de1a4dd9a16651b1a4f32
'2011-09-09T02:43:43-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSM' 'sip-files00060.tif'
cd7c3add6b10ed694eee1739e2220248
bb358b9d4a8275045ae24f28bfabb0a07b73ca89
'2011-09-09T02:30:15-04:00'
describe
'1324' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSN' 'sip-files00060.txt'
308a985efb28ea6fd5200076227fa2c2
74d51c2c9bbce08619e9e1f56bf990bd2f9ce551
'2011-09-09T02:26:24-04:00'
describe
'10631' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSO' 'sip-files00060thm.jpg'
b96d9546c7b24f3d42d2e6dc4c98d670
de80e0b36ea9ce584631b53fc64204ed761ea3bd
describe
'350239' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSP' 'sip-files00061.jp2'
443dbaeb379fb4fa7a3c7cfbbc9f596e
63c37f23affc156c1a1373fe677f9a50db52279b
'2011-09-09T02:28:51-04:00'
describe
'115840' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSQ' 'sip-files00061.jpg'
9d6b346f62406b6b8f50baa47db11ed7
c47f859fc64027ee65759a059d73cf3f3117ef7f
'2011-09-09T02:29:52-04:00'
describe
'32258' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSR' 'sip-files00061.pro'
f4919c3083d502a9dcb0eb54df444e3d
ef67ee4da8e1dcd56a1de36f5158dcc46f033afb
'2011-09-09T02:31:57-04:00'
describe
'38674' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSS' 'sip-files00061.QC.jpg'
fc2c46b0386d88304de275c31fe9b1f8
3ca15076d782a7f74c217209d7c4cc8fac9c43e5
'2011-09-09T02:26:21-04:00'
describe
'2823408' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACST' 'sip-files00061.tif'
c972efbc18a56be0fdf839b1a46c9cee
399b877148a89c468a41b4008e249ded21935bc8
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSU' 'sip-files00061.txt'
43df4d5aa06ab4cc567fbe67e946b69d
2369a2200f03b027c3eb31d77160af9c502e84bd
'2011-09-09T02:33:49-04:00'
describe
'9917' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSV' 'sip-files00061thm.jpg'
3d9bc681a347e7983cf21b6f8747b76f
de20e81097a7d6286ee948f3c997973bcb5c4a32
'2011-09-09T02:37:41-04:00'
describe
'350228' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSW' 'sip-files00062.jp2'
3726a902a00802fe2e417f3e3c04bf29
0c1053f5dfa4da7fa1927768572781486bd02272
'2011-09-09T02:35:39-04:00'
describe
'116430' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSX' 'sip-files00062.jpg'
6abe5d59a087f9a9e92da6844a070e33
7894a7ab5823ac3c4ca483ef4d3c3ae89d98e022
'2011-09-09T02:24:27-04:00'
describe
'32582' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSY' 'sip-files00062.pro'
3eabe750a0a4d93234ffb9ca644f5bac
f5b517ddb3955b46f4ddf6249a8f3024f1fce961
'2011-09-09T02:24:31-04:00'
describe
'38729' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACSZ' 'sip-files00062.QC.jpg'
285e590eb9f8f880836e4994b22f1928
b8a310a4c9a6475a56f838da6423166731b00ff5
'2011-09-09T02:24:12-04:00'
describe
'2822948' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTA' 'sip-files00062.tif'
afeaaf0991ab7ebaff13ab7fa6c192fc
045d42dbb8a7901e8b873fa1d38e194a333698e2
'2011-09-09T02:27:03-04:00'
describe
'1304' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTB' 'sip-files00062.txt'
e5121fe7caf0bd4f7fdde4e186bec4f0
216635ed698e2e0145791ff173978ca29c0b8eae
'2011-09-09T02:30:57-04:00'
describe
'9973' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTC' 'sip-files00062thm.jpg'
d918f52c9db81871371d311ed901abc2
8d1290d1329c70bf1063bf5e3930b49fe909103c
'2011-09-09T02:40:38-04:00'
describe
'350219' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTD' 'sip-files00063.jp2'
ca276c8120b72e509d29ec6bc8a0da88
05cd946d27e53f8d0d29e81f5ca8bee99aa4ac87
'2011-09-09T02:33:19-04:00'
describe
'112365' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTE' 'sip-files00063.jpg'
9cdc98c2f7f3e809a248d12a2e22f6fd
8c38c2e1d2617666295723bb6e53f6d34b02d229
'2011-09-09T02:26:53-04:00'
describe
'31586' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTF' 'sip-files00063.pro'
d7eaf861b57a4124387545b6df44a5d7
03c7905eb8d55e7acd04a8f3df6ee5723080a690
'2011-09-09T02:30:32-04:00'
describe
'37730' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTG' 'sip-files00063.QC.jpg'
0c7c829af34d1895e5f7e40040461692
f0555524985ec99b18dd3c54b1af6085cef8b6e3
'2011-09-09T02:43:36-04:00'
describe
'2823096' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTH' 'sip-files00063.tif'
48a6108f205756697f11b96db5a240c1
7c649d24a80922947733b9587ddc78002abf1b38
describe
'1266' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTI' 'sip-files00063.txt'
b1ac998c4621e5b5edde424532a84278
4119f1e43df1c04ce93e0541f214e6cafe2cabce
'2011-09-09T02:44:30-04:00'
describe
'9961' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTJ' 'sip-files00063thm.jpg'
7ac8df27e0140cba81d802433a01a44b
02c0414d5beb83f7e0145229e296df6de1e40440
'2011-09-09T02:34:54-04:00'
describe
'350165' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTK' 'sip-files00064.jp2'
d99fc1aa740205b30505218de879be1a
1e8925a2ede01a48ab9753ece4fc8e9713d75984
describe
'114421' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTL' 'sip-files00064.jpg'
bd5a1bc3bcd4e3c3df20a9edc09834bc
b733b7824a4a033575426ca1f6a1ab2e3406488b
'2011-09-09T02:34:22-04:00'
describe
'31309' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTM' 'sip-files00064.pro'
589e90b7ff9a48ceedb2e998e9f64b9f
a6c27ba66d772493d1e785fa48d16a5d057491be
'2011-09-09T02:33:55-04:00'
describe
'38671' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTN' 'sip-files00064.QC.jpg'
7a4e051a93a1299864a10cef12467e5b
5a8cf53bdcb0317f4a3fd9a503c8d2ed1b2e37e1
'2011-09-09T02:42:22-04:00'
describe
'2823056' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTO' 'sip-files00064.tif'
d2b53226eac375b3be8c1eb4b3a7aef4
7497e4b73144e5efff6278db0480b7d475aa77e8
'2011-09-09T02:37:54-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTP' 'sip-files00064.txt'
02ad0564945a1168b0e67c1ddd279b8f
c673c63b9ab2d260dc3b13dd9c10ab54e1e89eaf
'2011-09-09T02:25:39-04:00'
describe
'10035' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTQ' 'sip-files00064thm.jpg'
fe96426e49d88d1bd623cc0f8d5d7027
c3975e3aa5394c5135f2f1bc010cb26dc4ad67ff
'2011-09-09T02:41:20-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTR' 'sip-files00065.jp2'
2ef0e7396123cbb6b05771aed55f6ce1
e11d00988f9cfba36f576d84ed27b5b17c79ed6b
'2011-09-09T02:33:09-04:00'
describe
'113481' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTS' 'sip-files00065.jpg'
51b195fecdaa9f68f6a31a119c121974
457def9708ea72640a4b9e1f4fe0fefaba40dc8b
'2011-09-09T02:32:41-04:00'
describe
'32480' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTT' 'sip-files00065.pro'
3f20781eae51afe5e8011c0050c181ec
3c1e6faab32132ad76d56837578c8d004d41f820
'2011-09-09T02:23:12-04:00'
describe
'37687' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTU' 'sip-files00065.QC.jpg'
c2c779f50ecb848b2a35a065f19d3773
7b175819dcc9e311f26f64bd0832c3de7f2c0eb9
'2011-09-09T02:44:38-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTV' 'sip-files00065.tif'
29cd74b2f61207b98d9d40a62909007a
29a096f5411e84e51ceef5b0164aa65dd5674832
'2011-09-09T02:41:57-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTW' 'sip-files00065.txt'
6c0ef5e1f7f2b6adf7c48594166c85e5
57734afe8866384d8f5891919c513ed98fa7a1f9
'2011-09-09T02:28:00-04:00'
describe
'9746' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTX' 'sip-files00065thm.jpg'
25ddb801ec283b512e3c2dfe614575a5
6b47131f1662ded78f761be367415ce17da76b6f
'2011-09-09T02:34:19-04:00'
describe
'350199' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTY' 'sip-files00066.jp2'
0f8d3f73c7b362c6576199707540714a
9888b4fb62ca3a6237f8473f278cb62de7032b92
'2011-09-09T02:31:31-04:00'
describe
'111143' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACTZ' 'sip-files00066.jpg'
0befed9cf8e5030767085df99c860f3c
2b209b123e38d30838beee74453e6a0fe9d1fdba
'2011-09-09T02:36:48-04:00'
describe
'31413' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUA' 'sip-files00066.pro'
98beb5b0f566cc83700df17dff6be959
ab31411245f6e44f9b36103abe15281c3026ff94
'2011-09-09T02:38:47-04:00'
describe
'37210' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUB' 'sip-files00066.QC.jpg'
296e80c1e2b7a3847a9dd43f39f8308a
e7fbd15ef275e41899de49e17f04b4d126bd5396
'2011-09-09T02:24:26-04:00'
describe
'2823076' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUC' 'sip-files00066.tif'
0188b3d6e5e99d637a965ae12efcf5e3
a8e37640f8ab698371f3bd751a3afce3b108c1d3
'2011-09-09T02:35:36-04:00'
describe
'1238' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUD' 'sip-files00066.txt'
ab2d68b32578e30e030d45e2214ed9d2
ee12e929fe069842d86953248bb36032e33af5dd
'2011-09-09T02:35:49-04:00'
describe
'9769' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUE' 'sip-files00066thm.jpg'
ebf306aa7b784163bb2ee81c0b43907e
e5f9fdb8dbed49bf6fcd06e610c6824864edc48e
describe
'350238' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUF' 'sip-files00067.jp2'
2ff8d9905f38b087c1b702c54482c25e
d38d4e9d53546423d55441997eec117784914ffe
'2011-09-09T02:39:13-04:00'
describe
'110582' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUG' 'sip-files00067.jpg'
e00568ce34aec158dcec7bf31ff24361
2caa6f754b77ea9557ed9c56f6ca2272b7d9c7d6
'2011-09-09T02:25:20-04:00'
describe
'31835' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUH' 'sip-files00067.pro'
6f0cb21a5cedc1e5d8a31b681a361f83
3027d092e10b98efc22f59fe0b987332051245cf
'2011-09-09T02:30:22-04:00'
describe
'35944' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUI' 'sip-files00067.QC.jpg'
8d4af4c3dd3e8760bbfef909c6b4cf84
db06d7898e44693472fffdd324fdc308f7dafd05
'2011-09-09T02:38:34-04:00'
describe
'2823180' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUJ' 'sip-files00067.tif'
a5ee17cdfcafc9cf5cdd30d0d9156dc4
a484b77ddbd762befd99dbc560e5edd433004367
'2011-09-09T02:25:04-04:00'
describe
'1258' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUK' 'sip-files00067.txt'
5e21f9db280346684de422e69735c187
397dc1610f1fb4e78022514c2987a634099dc3a8
'2011-09-09T02:44:15-04:00'
describe
'9632' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUL' 'sip-files00067thm.jpg'
348403c82bc0885288aa974c4aa13942
7cd3509a0ebe525d12fb830b120e467727b6a8ae
'2011-09-09T02:37:56-04:00'
describe
'350231' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUM' 'sip-files00068.jp2'
c868a22f961eaf283cb442e0b3db4d00
ad8127b80013be737e44a098fcdb3567ea76008e
'2011-09-09T02:33:28-04:00'
describe
'113498' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUN' 'sip-files00068.jpg'
fd24442b3eb13bf439f3a02b1db81526
0d23fad59748f5f46f348d42f7e483f2392acf9c
describe
'32001' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUO' 'sip-files00068.pro'
66f924d0dc64f9468c2764ad111a9e23
21434787838d41ecfa0ac5b754963aa37e3e1b9f
'2011-09-09T02:39:32-04:00'
describe
'37527' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUP' 'sip-files00068.QC.jpg'
b555519f7e0e106f0f9e28cb1b4f1ccf
509f01c027a0b1b66b7de9eeae2dde3f7895a53f
'2011-09-09T02:30:42-04:00'
describe
'2823300' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUQ' 'sip-files00068.tif'
d6b6192561b2326eb6e9eac95b39afa3
1b5734325b210a81ff46c11a8167e1b5af2892e7
'2011-09-09T02:40:03-04:00'
describe
'1262' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUR' 'sip-files00068.txt'
81cec39c27dd3328db578a156643ec12
bc5d711fe26c41d9d36af015f1099f9e8b6aa6bc
'2011-09-09T02:29:37-04:00'
describe
'10186' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUS' 'sip-files00068thm.jpg'
1a7ac51e7dbbebedeb0df903c72d902b
a049d4d094a4bdd9e26e823ab57b342b96eb8a75
'2011-09-09T02:35:22-04:00'
describe
'350217' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUT' 'sip-files00069.jp2'
54a85fb030dc467cc355af54ba03cfd0
20f24f7d6c0a99178aa36943a84a10f0b06ddd0d
'2011-09-09T02:34:34-04:00'
describe
'115492' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUU' 'sip-files00069.jpg'
1a26985cd83bf6408d851a8b286fd6a3
2e0497f23b1cef6b5b036e18f3f83569c77c75aa
'2011-09-09T02:31:23-04:00'
describe
'31652' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUV' 'sip-files00069.pro'
8667c4ec5072689e55edf386e403c264
9eb868a0d7cd51d0ec7f0214040007a4683e2476
'2011-09-09T02:34:59-04:00'
describe
'38784' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUW' 'sip-files00069.QC.jpg'
019ea02fda51ef7199e4a5b5100c0106
cfecf29a9176f00aa85950328b9a436ba1cf11ca
'2011-09-09T02:30:18-04:00'
describe
'2823268' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUX' 'sip-files00069.tif'
feec3644f99ae79522f9437d8b3d210c
3b89fcb779306b02cbac32ec7a19147731a6d384
'2011-09-09T02:42:43-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUY' 'sip-files00069.txt'
08606fd5ab03b5380591f04152ad95ea
78e6e615fd6948acf04198d1e3c5585a9a808463
'2011-09-09T02:29:38-04:00'
describe
'10095' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACUZ' 'sip-files00069thm.jpg'
1f050abd1b60026917a936437cf1223e
783e0ccf4aae3e1bb85aab6ec9c8789fb4bcb90e
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVA' 'sip-files00070.jp2'
51a07ec9937052231287b1714b4712dd
780c831ae598d580fd21d2221dd93c8f68923e91
'2011-09-09T02:41:05-04:00'
describe
'114652' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVB' 'sip-files00070.jpg'
51f8430e0553471ceb3e88442222e130
353518122968982d25c6742c2291b135ef2c9790
'2011-09-09T02:34:52-04:00'
describe
'30623' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVC' 'sip-files00070.pro'
1ebc820cceaf1d9054aeb320fd480e90
776a3c86b0893544b1037542af8901294a949a9e
'2011-09-09T02:34:25-04:00'
describe
'37824' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVD' 'sip-files00070.QC.jpg'
4b79b862f6dc9921e8fb0f6e6b8ce55c
3ff4607ba7ebf269342683124865633afdf94c48
'2011-09-09T02:44:53-04:00'
describe
'2823204' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVE' 'sip-files00070.tif'
f5b0c9778160dacd3d1e699ebb3347a3
5158e4639783b637cd5ed97953ba42785595905d
'2011-09-09T02:42:18-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVF' 'sip-files00070.txt'
9b1b0a7af720fb6a4c7df991d19a9848
e8d6c8705e85fdabbb76840efe8f15426e4f1386
'2011-09-09T02:26:08-04:00'
describe
'10168' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVG' 'sip-files00070thm.jpg'
ad45b9e6d91f7cc34391e7eb74203fc3
3e6c2f26a779625f692fe6f9807c734012d16e87
'2011-09-09T02:29:07-04:00'
describe
'350169' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVH' 'sip-files00071.jp2'
40ccee0ab26b97ecf993bbab522b6f95
355b7659545643a40276a66f143aab2100d271b6
'2011-09-09T02:38:45-04:00'
describe
'116398' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVI' 'sip-files00071.jpg'
6ef1eed94254f4b384ed295ddbfb8dfc
d97a22d9d70169ca13953fb6a65484d544e26d7e
'2011-09-09T02:37:31-04:00'
describe
'32317' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVJ' 'sip-files00071.pro'
eb8a44cfc9905c991ba1f230a7b3e48b
6b1fceacbf09f7ee53c58a6b7debfde9b3bb218f
'2011-09-09T02:43:00-04:00'
describe
'38991' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVK' 'sip-files00071.QC.jpg'
c54d6a708246c81a5be8d0137e8bc935
a840bbcda4a2704a9e67dd3f5ba3471f4f9f367a
'2011-09-09T02:38:46-04:00'
describe
'2823360' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVL' 'sip-files00071.tif'
4c2bdff3e63b4c614e1dcfc1522b8d5e
1e57ef34730de92a8463c08d4d57d93e081f3677
'2011-09-09T02:43:50-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVM' 'sip-files00071.txt'
5ba7a284db19028911a3da095d13c55d
9e161fde36197596b29170862205d1e0741c927a
'2011-09-09T02:28:18-04:00'
describe
'9999' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVN' 'sip-files00071thm.jpg'
8d686d655cf0c234da3484feebaf5c72
b0d4ac0d05150a84d5388468d469e77b9b0f9744
'2011-09-09T02:30:36-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVO' 'sip-files00072.jp2'
660de0e29ab0109d1ef21cf80d0b6c42
89f17942e42f5604953d8e34df0d5a617c1b4e1f
'2011-09-09T02:26:13-04:00'
describe
'116359' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVP' 'sip-files00072.jpg'
c203ac20befc71fa0720fd472ee3262c
ca66c7807c487567f97d9ec93a6c391550f408e0
'2011-09-09T02:43:45-04:00'
describe
'31946' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVQ' 'sip-files00072.pro'
1200ff2c8e3a1287c00900066010036b
8147298e02e14e16266ba7f8bf12142fda037032
'2011-09-09T02:36:25-04:00'
describe
'39080' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVR' 'sip-files00072.QC.jpg'
7ab40b5e1fdddf7b76b27249d2dc9a30
9d19302430404d5019d16bd1ec73adb762f381a1
'2011-09-09T02:40:35-04:00'
describe
'2823112' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVS' 'sip-files00072.tif'
55d4f802446888fc54de38f1f19bc620
af1e998976cb7a82f3227a501570c69adbd97f9d
'2011-09-09T02:37:03-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVT' 'sip-files00072.txt'
b25d1c93953d4dd5d45fe6cca4b0f69f
cac92819fe742836c2610b4447cecb3a1efdded1
'2011-09-09T02:39:37-04:00'
describe
'10322' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVU' 'sip-files00072thm.jpg'
fb9184f1c318ce874d04261766dcad94
6ff5c0f9d634d24ada225ffa48f7daec710a74af
'2011-09-09T02:31:41-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVV' 'sip-files00073.jp2'
395e478328ef6619ccd79a64acdb0bd3
066a21a0ec62033d78df566b195f82686dc004fa
'2011-09-09T02:34:36-04:00'
describe
'119597' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVW' 'sip-files00073.jpg'
177cbcfa1a66151b0fc25658831c4caf
c1c7f4cd873627d2de75e193e53c6c77e1fba973
'2011-09-09T02:27:22-04:00'
describe
'32462' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVX' 'sip-files00073.pro'
ea678bbd807f892898674fc3fab184ae
c6e0434d3500d47687bff492026278bd10ce0962
'2011-09-09T02:28:54-04:00'
describe
'40364' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVY' 'sip-files00073.QC.jpg'
59c7e935cbaee1a99cf8ea8b2960566b
4df576ece527d5656ccc09bc92157828f07ff1ef
'2011-09-09T02:34:31-04:00'
describe
'2823628' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACVZ' 'sip-files00073.tif'
318ca8a33ea415d295b042a8fb18b03c
6feeb6abe6a2eeeb73e5ecb496c4313d08672a11
'2011-09-09T02:26:41-04:00'
describe
'1278' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWA' 'sip-files00073.txt'
0f95837f4a5d65db0eb2db6a1b4793a3
ac0275a17077faefba6dfbf3960670de90a08c05
describe
'10146' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWB' 'sip-files00073thm.jpg'
3a6050a0b4147b074b030a4d9769d597
cd4aa1210f443957fb668d915aca8379b9ebd044
'2011-09-09T02:24:45-04:00'
describe
'350155' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWC' 'sip-files00074.jp2'
9dde204057dfe4d5a962a7730d9f2401
6994bc29ea81144cf8e56893ade19c2403c69e49
'2011-09-09T02:23:22-04:00'
describe
'117448' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWD' 'sip-files00074.jpg'
a15ce6fb48c6c1f21237b6b6c1b5fd16
a48e6819277ba93fda04584272d7cc99062fe3dd
describe
'30902' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWE' 'sip-files00074.pro'
58af5d8b11ff029bdb834e4d5b37ef34
6b97f1c4eddeaf49230956fa4ba23c0166828a96
'2011-09-09T02:30:25-04:00'
describe
'39380' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWF' 'sip-files00074.QC.jpg'
44782c936f311365e3fbfe374c6f151c
45ce605be2102793abfca7b2358596f00c1d7899
'2011-09-09T02:39:41-04:00'
describe
'2823436' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWG' 'sip-files00074.tif'
58bc215778abce007e67cfc054068cd8
e5580913097969ac00166ac71964b4fe67bc9828
'2011-09-09T02:27:46-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWH' 'sip-files00074.txt'
ad9972b7213f31089b02c83c59c4d4b9
9a4c38f4a2d40aa89d9a2119a82b304ebb0ff377
describe
'10550' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWI' 'sip-files00074thm.jpg'
c8ea50680c6212ce4b56323a0778912b
bae450e6d3cae1904eb0e28fe1125d41a9d4a923
'2011-09-09T02:27:20-04:00'
describe
'350227' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWJ' 'sip-files00075.jp2'
1ce947b2c3b1b656994b926b3e0764b3
bfa211a6a97f551ac2f9f2e61ef64eacdc0dd88f
'2011-09-09T02:33:06-04:00'
describe
'118311' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWK' 'sip-files00075.jpg'
3af8f0be99a08bde0f9e78c222057ec8
965e85d21d0263828ff0f06cade0287cb95dd72b
describe
'32820' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWL' 'sip-files00075.pro'
c6726ddcdcceac6bc7b34bc84ad1a772
966f53f28b151ac11bcc15e1eb136bb7fd3e8ad6
'2011-09-09T02:38:43-04:00'
describe
'39303' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWM' 'sip-files00075.QC.jpg'
f8adce66ce89de91b43a3430569039c3
391b4570e31d3136bc9e8ed89913c58820e6090a
'2011-09-09T02:28:36-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWN' 'sip-files00075.tif'
02a6fed566cd163162890d49f61beb3f
1c0bf964922d961aa41a0c0f8a2bad90e2a7be0d
'2011-09-09T02:30:37-04:00'
describe
'1294' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWO' 'sip-files00075.txt'
7f43a6d5e29cc03107c88e6389b7428a
0d1cd2c404c7351d5449d1142bfee2776ae7d706
'2011-09-09T02:36:22-04:00'
describe
Invalid character
'10226' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWP' 'sip-files00075thm.jpg'
fb605b42eb5e415d2c3854dfeef55a87
f7fd86b87d9b23c697da16e21ad5500c8beae86a
'2011-09-09T02:33:59-04:00'
describe
'350218' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWQ' 'sip-files00076.jp2'
678fe717713fb6cb8d6112b9fd2d28e1
1fd804f0642928284706b9b479f1b64f94bd4285
'2011-09-09T02:41:15-04:00'
describe
'116832' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWR' 'sip-files00076.jpg'
aa9379624354a99421a29e57a8c37c1a
2b942733773af6d03f70d3268843a4dd4da9b5ed
'2011-09-09T02:36:49-04:00'
describe
'31575' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWS' 'sip-files00076.pro'
f98a3ec5efdf86c090ddea22f25c62ce
f0ae88a979a5a0d495813bd2bc09572ff1f5c7e8
'2011-09-09T02:42:29-04:00'
describe
'39430' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWT' 'sip-files00076.QC.jpg'
4ecc3b4d5c15877f6e8f75d491f56c2b
83f2de4d838dc0e8f9a68dd5d71c0ba7677533cc
describe
'2823396' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWU' 'sip-files00076.tif'
a8d55427baae4db5ea717adc3815cfae
71353102e2584cf2294d1fd94a112fdc8bdce825
'2011-09-09T02:33:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWV' 'sip-files00076.txt'
62b83a22276e407daa316d27b1e20617
1f3605bac2e583670cf884eccf7790b1eaafa65b
'2011-09-09T02:42:08-04:00'
describe
'10537' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWW' 'sip-files00076thm.jpg'
31e881c3e8e114f9c2d5b624e97db094
1e54a44573566fc3faf6f373840d433875b0d0fa
'2011-09-09T02:26:54-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWX' 'sip-files00077.jp2'
d27ddc961cbd3a50256cc5931d146a63
a4fcaa993e5fbdf5a56eda59840cfe17ffd8caf4
'2011-09-09T02:31:53-04:00'
describe
'116062' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWY' 'sip-files00077.jpg'
efa8908c76b0a89e5baa2df791a909f9
65584b177d9066823933540bad9a4e19c84b7a4c
'2011-09-09T02:32:32-04:00'
describe
'32068' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACWZ' 'sip-files00077.pro'
67ea35daaaf318a9a7d6148c3e6658e1
7f3c86d190fe6d4bfc18407801feb530af301ca3
'2011-09-09T02:27:01-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXA' 'sip-files00077.QC.jpg'
4a7979cbff12bbce0005f59982bca30f
e11b8d8f60251826457d4aba200b35f77857fe38
describe
'2823472' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXB' 'sip-files00077.tif'
2e0178281f8bcdd2baa217be55db153e
16d3f49d7edc9862612449bb169f098fc5907ce5
'2011-09-09T02:40:39-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXC' 'sip-files00077.txt'
72c6f86849d2309774b69611ad98dbe2
46def8fbc132b9e3e5b78cbcb9b6ebd4884134c9
describe
'10326' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXD' 'sip-files00077thm.jpg'
4cdba379bbffce6cf0dcdf18e6dd6e9e
c7febca0f5b0a92c7b578e90ca42c4b93f5e550d
'2011-09-09T02:43:38-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXE' 'sip-files00078.jp2'
c4480dc592b234fb432054c1e58feddb
8c0048068438c93f3d84d65eaf055bf7d18bf440
'2011-09-09T02:41:49-04:00'
describe
'120399' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXF' 'sip-files00078.jpg'
212c9ac78e37ef0fa690e5dbb99587c1
2f0c8117f4bb89d9311e6f03c3892e00be6023e7
'2011-09-09T02:41:18-04:00'
describe
'33010' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXG' 'sip-files00078.pro'
a38aa2e9c57d3c1f041d729ccfc523ca
8c6992de451d51968a893efbcbf7d2de925705d4
'2011-09-09T02:25:17-04:00'
describe
'39558' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXH' 'sip-files00078.QC.jpg'
3b3cbb18b2d06f435383c19430059dc5
28c1b6a766639050cc1cbb5f0ff04c82595d6f6c
describe
'2823404' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXI' 'sip-files00078.tif'
8c789faa41b92b0decb2f714d9bce2cf
54c3f46409438e8e72e22660ab1d1af6944355a7
'2011-09-09T02:41:41-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXJ' 'sip-files00078.txt'
d4e392f8313bfdb340861c2a21cce6ad
3e380fb0e8ca8a7965f7418a780e69844c391e10
'2011-09-09T02:29:39-04:00'
describe
'10829' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXK' 'sip-files00078thm.jpg'
6000f8ed80c7601089e93e02fc4ba3b5
bbd006f060b04efea2ecaf4629032aee34929d81
'2011-09-09T02:26:56-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXL' 'sip-files00079.jp2'
f22cf7ce63b5a229757851ddc0b3ab5d
592787350a4ed87b29f8273366af75c996e03610
'2011-09-09T02:42:52-04:00'
describe
'115418' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXM' 'sip-files00079.jpg'
75998af6f80a0378f109aeb2f3bc9868
a93ba44102b9b424c03e1596488d215285441b71
'2011-09-09T02:32:18-04:00'
describe
'31614' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXN' 'sip-files00079.pro'
73dc9148dd8961c315aab2cdedd9c78d
ce9d4d62699d23305a9cc774a64d6b18196a9766
'2011-09-09T02:27:08-04:00'
describe
'38353' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXO' 'sip-files00079.QC.jpg'
85f578e606e14390f10c58c7758dc37a
2e99fdf483f422ae1d19a0a95ae39b1b90ae289f
'2011-09-09T02:30:43-04:00'
describe
'2823244' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXP' 'sip-files00079.tif'
d377bf383f26323356f8c16d0df74842
94bbd13788c247bc37744bb77e70639087b01dce
'2011-09-09T02:42:56-04:00'
describe
'1279' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXQ' 'sip-files00079.txt'
1bc30a72314c88a21a6eb8246e7a1b16
d4e6dc18de01085ed3d202305fbcc720cc9f19d4
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXR' 'sip-files00079thm.jpg'
11f3f4d4e7ff2dcbf7c65ad4c99172d9
5f3e0d9de1a4fdaee3d595ff2e41c8187c85ec56
'2011-09-09T02:30:46-04:00'
describe
'350226' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXS' 'sip-files00080.jp2'
30add27948a39918011fa222d829392c
c253c45f0728f1fd3858e851e6d424d520920156
'2011-09-09T02:25:26-04:00'
describe
'105854' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXT' 'sip-files00080.jpg'
2d7abd3e2217f98eee0848fda09116c2
cca1099ba4fc12e9b65000b09071bcdc8de84ead
'2011-09-09T02:34:39-04:00'
describe
'26757' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXU' 'sip-files00080.pro'
df66d0b0f91afd5d8d44367abd29181e
17b3f5ebcd6f133cef4dab066911526ca1dc92a8
describe
'34966' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXV' 'sip-files00080.QC.jpg'
114c9f4e340268a594c720a88d3641c9
c99bc7a67cee2615d4877194854d2b1c4ae619c6
'2011-09-09T02:30:28-04:00'
describe
'2822740' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXW' 'sip-files00080.tif'
d3a896e493d8bbba400b4f3f24529b2d
3347b63821e954e3dcfa90fc06c4e0eb40791ae8
'2011-09-09T02:43:56-04:00'
describe
'1092' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXX' 'sip-files00080.txt'
9e4aa48e1503442beb51d20ccf7392f4
3f7e8f795e640cd73436ca09b8055b3124a89184
describe
'9128' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXY' 'sip-files00080thm.jpg'
184c9e842cdc9c55b059f924c5c9c46c
2776cc2fb09cfdf9ac34ad8870125fb5352d94de
'2011-09-09T02:42:24-04:00'
describe
'350195' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACXZ' 'sip-files00081.jp2'
5b4fdacd5db26ff95f955bd7b375ac24
f2e500760843d6690541bc44adb6034f8a8241ff
'2011-09-09T02:43:51-04:00'
describe
'98760' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYA' 'sip-files00081.jpg'
fb082f019c4a962787dc14ac8b54e9fa
19ff3c11e5a63b368aae608c5aa5a57bcbeaadb4
'2011-09-09T02:41:48-04:00'
describe
'26642' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYB' 'sip-files00081.pro'
2e33df5a335ded290c7d02a1bc0b424f
14febe7a3a58704050a4b4c3c5be1fcf947d4d4f
'2011-09-09T02:31:54-04:00'
describe
'31793' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYC' 'sip-files00081.QC.jpg'
d254f9680f699b9bfa3e912ef9c6baca
6df235950ab9fe12bd70373bde07e4a612f3a662
describe
'2822456' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYD' 'sip-files00081.tif'
86a49072f1c331f507eff9ca88834c64
ad05d8f955691e7ef7862673af1dbd28d0b532da
describe
'1147' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYE' 'sip-files00081.txt'
3df0e06ae63de055d181d69272c03fb4
36834fb50ccea85028299524f93c3e75f4ada571
'2011-09-09T02:29:10-04:00'
describe
'8041' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYF' 'sip-files00081thm.jpg'
f40db9ee8f6a50d7139b8e7f185a78ca
75e4a5396e088d1b04c42b7ebd60322c6946b6b9
'2011-09-09T02:28:23-04:00'
describe
'350216' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYG' 'sip-files00082.jp2'
641dadf575e040b5cf9d0c7ebf0de811
03c4fd91a1e97d5ebc14968a65721b5cf59b4888
'2011-09-09T02:38:49-04:00'
describe
'115532' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYH' 'sip-files00082.jpg'
1a418a1c24e2a66013e91695924e177a
6977d6612ce95d90f992ffd58f558a0aaf3b3e30
'2011-09-09T02:37:18-04:00'
describe
'31234' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYI' 'sip-files00082.pro'
507035179bbf25a8f783197cf3437c8c
a5e7be130ad34f911443fd5828a1bee63ec9e4d3
describe
'38358' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYJ' 'sip-files00082.QC.jpg'
3e8b51a6f7a5267364339eb0509ddeb2
3fb4d688be1c557fa4fda076f87d82e7c9e00a0f
describe
'2823252' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYK' 'sip-files00082.tif'
f7a61403efbbb19b0a85b6eb58b87179
bfb5ae8df0beeffcd9a6b74355440e3856b1c99f
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYL' 'sip-files00082.txt'
28a1cc3cfaeb7f30fcceb263714283fc
e2fd8a00b439ad24134ff66e8603dc59e1d1e16e
'2011-09-09T02:38:19-04:00'
describe
'10380' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYM' 'sip-files00082thm.jpg'
963cab5a6a086f4b626739e2cf12d9c6
49be6cdbef1bf4f41ceaccc55aba9e8d3f78ea69
'2011-09-09T02:26:51-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYN' 'sip-files00083.jp2'
b8f87c580f58d1aaec66c652dba82694
f9e9d61aae94ed7b6bdc3038286a3e47f515a6b7
describe
'110489' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYO' 'sip-files00083.jpg'
3ccfddc28c70ea430e226ee38705c592
98a2eb7c1d3df877a14fad63370206895949731d
'2011-09-09T02:36:26-04:00'
describe
'32191' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYP' 'sip-files00083.pro'
71118a2672741800cad286cf345a9ef7
408e4c81ad7271d6d70a5dd44563b873da0b3f8e
'2011-09-09T02:30:08-04:00'
describe
'37294' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYQ' 'sip-files00083.QC.jpg'
9a5b67e748428b76ec4bd9ea50078d43
945727af7aeec266cdc6920e9f31360b1b592504
'2011-09-09T02:34:51-04:00'
describe
'2823088' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYR' 'sip-files00083.tif'
996f6479476897c9d3d412af67336bba
940e1e5ac64387bcc7e770f02af452344f5b4eff
'2011-09-09T02:31:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYS' 'sip-files00083.txt'
cabb77192db91d4778b333a2aa8ed083
c0430cce30c4dc04ec4585f51f1fbe3995456bd5
'2011-09-09T02:38:25-04:00'
describe
'10042' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYT' 'sip-files00083thm.jpg'
e19bf342533270cceeb7bbd27c1a9111
f18458dc4356bb746553906f2bd902a84d034ad7
'2011-09-09T02:32:15-04:00'
describe
'350233' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYU' 'sip-files00084.jp2'
d14bac5c882986647a12854953be7800
cc8f37dba8ac0b3bc873f9a6f8b9b70030decb8a
'2011-09-09T02:43:06-04:00'
describe
'117837' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYV' 'sip-files00084.jpg'
df8f5e563bf42fb0b0f9456ece598bdc
ae7d1e7b6b816bb99871133b1671e59837b12ce1
'2011-09-09T02:45:18-04:00'
describe
'31428' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYW' 'sip-files00084.pro'
ba16aeff46c5d6fe655d409252f72e4f
d3b6f37b4fba1c29323add23f5aaa63b2bd55163
describe
'39315' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYX' 'sip-files00084.QC.jpg'
5374e1a2190d77f3e3047f4c11cc389f
27f5c6d5a21557cc4384a5b76076bb1711a691eb
'2011-09-09T02:40:54-04:00'
describe
'2823168' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYY' 'sip-files00084.tif'
dd30427fe97cddd42277828ef3ef3d2b
61685e320cae0e2f1ad52509eeac9fe901a2b52f
'2011-09-09T02:41:35-04:00'
describe
'1287' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACYZ' 'sip-files00084.txt'
a9eb428f9f5691fee6833e1352fccc03
b02962d027c53d7623db6bd957a59331df2cc54a
'2011-09-09T02:39:19-04:00'
describe
'10372' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZA' 'sip-files00084thm.jpg'
c9ec45ebc4d15cbf75e0965e8423b12c
9986ed95c0d16cdc9006e2d0e7a044f4127c490a
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZB' 'sip-files00085.jp2'
f17ff3d175e1956f41183a9902fb333c
8f9c0117fb92a0da040b903fca925941a8987c8d
'2011-09-09T02:35:46-04:00'
describe
'117219' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZC' 'sip-files00085.jpg'
5ac9d4b54b2f4ea41d2b8ba455664c14
83dc1c82e3836c51d2ecacbf52622d79d13c91eb
describe
'32941' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZD' 'sip-files00085.pro'
5966ce044e5a88af0df1abc4a2458e7b
df9506c9b4a1cbefb928225054eb64e7d32ebd7d
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZE' 'sip-files00085.QC.jpg'
735af702c3e619853513c077a51eb668
25b1aa6dba22a18a98194baced5f0a0b866f7543
'2011-09-09T02:28:06-04:00'
describe
'2823340' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZF' 'sip-files00085.tif'
a61f784ed8660239056b60f3a1feef26
4d1848e72ce69ee56a6823314e013560780de467
describe
'1299' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZG' 'sip-files00085.txt'
da8256e3f5aafd475288287b1ff4cac2
78542311ca3f9edaa7901317112bf8c98f54d88a
'2011-09-09T02:27:16-04:00'
describe
'9998' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZH' 'sip-files00085thm.jpg'
fafe8062e65d275f957990ff7059ddda
268ff80e25cd0ba0753f67361747f56ab0a6115d
'2011-09-09T02:26:05-04:00'
describe
'350194' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZI' 'sip-files00086.jp2'
3b36ee294c10ca8eb68ba99c6e69bf92
ef81fc07b49e473fe7aee24fd8c4da794264ca9c
describe
'118359' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZJ' 'sip-files00086.jpg'
4b06975cc2b203e87a46ff934a939f70
6902c9fbb4a350e54be715c33ae70f58a7a0d3a7
describe
'31873' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZK' 'sip-files00086.pro'
0f928a1679ed1dc2fa325faf992729a5
4d9effbf3d76d1aab888fb0b1134d6d2b532746a
'2011-09-09T02:27:41-04:00'
describe
'39641' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZL' 'sip-files00086.QC.jpg'
0fad6643061805d9bc20feb929d55364
13308a7d65bad118e6ee8d32a7811e101cfbb011
'2011-09-09T02:24:11-04:00'
describe
'2823152' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZM' 'sip-files00086.tif'
21860f0c7fef3abfed03ad88fca0cf51
7c5f2ff11cf5609edfee2029517d6bb85e2476ce
'2011-09-09T02:43:28-04:00'
describe
'1303' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZN' 'sip-files00086.txt'
accdcf37691efff540a065fb6528d7b1
5511765bc91afbea1e301ce359a0d66aaf5e5490
'2011-09-09T02:30:00-04:00'
describe
'10464' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZO' 'sip-files00086thm.jpg'
0ced19ad22af0d2b4d9c9d0a6920b371
776e82b52528ed0d87010a865438f658cd77cf31
'2011-09-09T02:31:44-04:00'
describe
'350204' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZP' 'sip-files00087.jp2'
3882585e38425250bae52198d38e1df9
0decedb739dec5dd86ab52dc0769ed213a93f6fa
'2011-09-09T02:25:00-04:00'
describe
'115110' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZQ' 'sip-files00087.jpg'
15c18a28e4721b6ee766d53623a739d6
11dc8c84c7c437e0c4781a5f39925773fcc24ab8
'2011-09-09T02:25:12-04:00'
describe
'32102' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZR' 'sip-files00087.pro'
a5fb89d542a2d0b320449b61ded73f5a
89cdf757379892291d6baed8bb029dc68fea0b8d
'2011-09-09T02:36:17-04:00'
describe
'39020' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZS' 'sip-files00087.QC.jpg'
455beeb0ffbf52275ccbb6411052fd50
52cbf33ceed797078d25575e8d4836200e5716c8
'2011-09-09T02:39:35-04:00'
describe
'2823208' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZT' 'sip-files00087.tif'
909ab94beae67f668364b5bdf97dac70
9dbfb5906aa81969a1c7b8e99c1bcc0fd32114f9
describe
'1273' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZU' 'sip-files00087.txt'
57851286bf72601f6e198556ead4a138
a01d1d7c05049d99bfc75db8557e8c5eab8c3fca
'2011-09-09T02:44:28-04:00'
describe
'10766' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZV' 'sip-files00087thm.jpg'
f5c21a1db89927c38d8da391e0c56b7d
7ef99d0eb962ea58ce85ddae975e94f24bb864b7
describe
'350153' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZW' 'sip-files00088.jp2'
4ab82eb60c137f7812a5b028b5616760
6a668e0aa94f04985d0182cf40c9fa8e03ad4cb1
'2011-09-09T02:32:10-04:00'
describe
'118320' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZX' 'sip-files00088.jpg'
cf26d8e0b85033069390f005b8663fec
bd66bcd79a82f42b2b4adc568e9d1b99d1f518e6
'2011-09-09T02:42:51-04:00'
describe
'32134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZY' 'sip-files00088.pro'
48565be254b4b91a9c6fe0b63213385d
2367441e0caa2f9dbc5968d1afd1c7fc2c73380c
'2011-09-09T02:37:37-04:00'
describe
'39533' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAACZZ' 'sip-files00088.QC.jpg'
00a9c91e0ea4f143bc9961bc4f455625
02d9c709b531274f8204ed2ab5065fda4dc6bd89
'2011-09-09T02:44:00-04:00'
describe
'2823276' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAA' 'sip-files00088.tif'
8f613d68caf060c90a207cbf093168a0
924cc0b3713a55a691e6a335c64880796e5f5837
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAB' 'sip-files00088.txt'
4698fb38c5e085b666d844cd296fcfdf
65158541929f6bf98ecd15e242f4d760045d2387
'2011-09-09T02:34:49-04:00'
describe
Invalid character
'10173' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAC' 'sip-files00088thm.jpg'
28a166b8b49be6ce2669892458c706f2
980dd3cc298fcfe8f28fae91824d7b57f63f5903
'2011-09-09T02:35:43-04:00'
describe
'350215' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAD' 'sip-files00089.jp2'
34436cbd82d7babbcff65969e0d9cfef
9df4701cc2ecf7cba75526ed0a6cebfa25f81d23
'2011-09-09T02:26:11-04:00'
describe
'115884' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAE' 'sip-files00089.jpg'
5ec972f9247dfdc03aea285b1eda2332
8bacfda09aa87e76a45aec9a57cefca9a47230e0
'2011-09-09T02:24:13-04:00'
describe
'30550' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAF' 'sip-files00089.pro'
366bd810153131debee8a274a6f09902
63e8eab13bee0371651668151443ea2ce946ab71
describe
'38590' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAG' 'sip-files00089.QC.jpg'
f2d2e4a6b978ab70412f2af87eb70a80
f2b2929ea642e2fd30f3f8feae2419045e4b8b23
'2011-09-09T02:23:37-04:00'
describe
'2823376' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAH' 'sip-files00089.tif'
f852781f8693dbba234273928678474f
c9cd1b6402f2b207062161dfffd7bf2bcd178a25
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAI' 'sip-files00089.txt'
fb5a8c59f347ee65a7e7e8a3ecc70f6c
fd6b3778c9543455e9eb8c74dad59cf0aea96aa9
describe
'10381' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAJ' 'sip-files00089thm.jpg'
b52ee7f599242864ff251fb9a73dcfa2
c7796521a06b4f7ae4dc5c3ca19238a1603c3d09
'2011-09-09T02:31:13-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAK' 'sip-files00090.jp2'
57754497bae588fcd066d06cd88b2166
5987acf65ce119a2ae8cbacb92da88a15b8eee22
'2011-09-09T02:40:37-04:00'
describe
'119362' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAL' 'sip-files00090.jpg'
4e27398e4caa924760534a54070a47f1
03c2ef929dda1644485f4beed7bb77a296b127af
'2011-09-09T02:23:32-04:00'
describe
'33011' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAM' 'sip-files00090.pro'
013b41573a079f47657cc8170540f3b8
ce9a7875e808d96504fab6d5cf7b2224b65d55a2
'2011-09-09T02:28:42-04:00'
describe
'39449' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAN' 'sip-files00090.QC.jpg'
cf5850a730d8dde90d54c602726346d0
ac74b3d1b65d75d46d256251ff2388a11bfb9703
'2011-09-09T02:29:46-04:00'
describe
'2823616' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAO' 'sip-files00090.tif'
b2fe5c4b31dd42d163abcd8934f3ddec
307c9048f9cfd1aed27915fe6c88776d5181f7f4
'2011-09-09T02:44:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAP' 'sip-files00090.txt'
b93d4821b3ebfb744d904030444e6125
2a1634bc73595464a974be06c9be9eb8456013e5
'2011-09-09T02:33:56-04:00'
describe
'10517' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAQ' 'sip-files00090thm.jpg'
0277b5ea8013ffc2cd16c543833d5ebd
14a8d610fbe3490f0aaa2cefcb735e8f2f7951f4
'2011-09-09T02:39:11-04:00'
describe
'350067' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAR' 'sip-files00091.jp2'
c3840ab618b34e04d29faad3a5c74541
adfb29db7bd6b5de287b925c44e2a7fa1651e5f5
describe
'117502' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAS' 'sip-files00091.jpg'
fa7ed5663448b58073773748c5d2efba
4ba63127bff6a20597dd5fee2617a9eaf43339d7
'2011-09-09T02:40:47-04:00'
describe
'32326' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAT' 'sip-files00091.pro'
33a69d8cda5b42dfe3ef25217199b5d6
f101236fa0a5c7fdb662118ac791e381203eeb24
describe
'39253' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAU' 'sip-files00091.QC.jpg'
417fc90a2a483b0b12d60c6bf28b44e8
9f1baa3ac5905533282f27679a799ac596c26f8a
describe
'2823460' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAV' 'sip-files00091.tif'
a9caa528ce5484b3cdc93de542bd7b5f
c539b6eb9c98408f715e60167dd959afa3d7c4dd
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAW' 'sip-files00091.txt'
0ef1387e10367cbb187a697475539518
94086f188eacd61b05aab4a5333bb1d18551dda2
'2011-09-09T02:30:10-04:00'
describe
'10138' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAX' 'sip-files00091thm.jpg'
6bb8b74a55ed8f49c0d5b2698e07f09d
578f14be0c54b9d16b4209333a9a09192e607c68
'2011-09-09T02:26:09-04:00'
describe
'350118' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAY' 'sip-files00092.jp2'
897a9eb3ad6cdcaf2e1e31fa5e626447
8835d6ff5157ba4091523ee0cb2c001b2323f470
'2011-09-09T02:34:04-04:00'
describe
'68853' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADAZ' 'sip-files00092.jpg'
1d0ec2ed8e4ce0b6aa3a86c9b37e981f
00c7331e2c6c3287b68eac9aa9184d43e5b02acb
'2011-09-09T02:38:35-04:00'
describe
'16462' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBA' 'sip-files00092.pro'
fe70118207e0ed36f5d91dec80ffe639
03944a5473073abb601ca446182e1c35272576e1
'2011-09-09T02:38:54-04:00'
describe
'22604' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBB' 'sip-files00092.QC.jpg'
6772578ccbba875e5072aec6db818e70
06e0fda65598c262b345b69aeacabc6320807e44
'2011-09-09T02:29:01-04:00'
describe
'2821512' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBC' 'sip-files00092.tif'
ff1130dfbd7416a00784dbaf2db08603
f780f25d6c41a15b45de525d4c7d0fde6a66439a
describe
'656' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBD' 'sip-files00092.txt'
407a1a76f9b16dfd56dac06c57210c78
efda5e907ed3a3f45be72fcec98dafc19f894ed3
'2011-09-09T02:44:27-04:00'
describe
'6260' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBE' 'sip-files00092thm.jpg'
6b26165e2ab57f1f33602d30ceada913
256feabe73c860ad9288dad5a53654ce48497e06
'2011-09-09T02:35:14-04:00'
describe
'350185' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBF' 'sip-files00093.jp2'
1e4fb9007073c9acf657ad5db5164a47
95d83455fd2063801d18419d13aac13fb0aa1fdc
'2011-09-09T02:42:39-04:00'
describe
'90747' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBG' 'sip-files00093.jpg'
00c08efd3cdbc71fac4de672a3aab014
182f816f51eb8048e07f7e1932e1abeeb1c566f0
describe
'25507' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBH' 'sip-files00093.pro'
54299c1aff1afdbbc076acd72ad7a69b
a20c70a1dac271df8a2d34b693c5904ad0827042
'2011-09-09T02:36:31-04:00'
describe
'29444' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBI' 'sip-files00093.QC.jpg'
5324186e97c4cbdfeab08cec76462c1a
e2bb46c558dd0074da25b932afefccb0bbc4abfb
'2011-09-09T02:40:30-04:00'
describe
'2822384' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBJ' 'sip-files00093.tif'
60bc469d536d560985163264b30c3ea8
58ad77c49f7721a01fedd6246bf107e9840e60b4
describe
'1114' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBK' 'sip-files00093.txt'
7ffaa058b07dcf13b1fa319282aeba7f
25fbba248a47d302faa41adee20c62ad67edc84e
'2011-09-09T02:30:30-04:00'
describe
'7928' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBL' 'sip-files00093thm.jpg'
492b45fe0b62b3338757d892a29fae73
82fa057c733256b28ecab58acbcdc16ad737e033
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBM' 'sip-files00094.jp2'
50ea4e456f9f7883982f4b7f567049d1
eda7b3170e4ab350b2db4498e18d75d12a67b6c2
'2011-09-09T02:35:41-04:00'
describe
'116780' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBN' 'sip-files00094.jpg'
95c2d3f96ba37a64b93645cfde10ac22
a5aa6d5322dff536e502d43081e59232a267b05f
'2011-09-09T02:37:27-04:00'
describe
'31821' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBO' 'sip-files00094.pro'
1305656681865f902c20b1f3f52f8827
4a05d76823acdcc21f428cdc1851bede65afe133
'2011-09-09T02:23:39-04:00'
describe
'39176' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBP' 'sip-files00094.QC.jpg'
2968a51abfd34469cee3ed38dffd34de
79b2772c49d9766f75216672bbbcbe11662b03a6
'2011-09-09T02:40:42-04:00'
describe
'2823508' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBQ' 'sip-files00094.tif'
b58a2cfb73822ecf59a683b4f9b9c7c3
8866dff3ad16010521cc56065316dca099b71973
'2011-09-09T02:44:52-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBR' 'sip-files00094.txt'
95fe04c93f7b863facdc33e19498790b
0390ffd5948fda4c843e4ca9aec98d0c55a22c29
'2011-09-09T02:38:06-04:00'
describe
'10528' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBS' 'sip-files00094thm.jpg'
39e9ec992c187ab3f66ebd10404f809a
5a7b9980933afb2d6ca056f9db7aa862f2a74c3c
'2011-09-09T02:43:42-04:00'
describe
'350206' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBT' 'sip-files00095.jp2'
3a51df6de7ce62f05b9cfc6fbe1910ee
8e0e5dbc5b199ce67b9317ee86b73290251efd79
'2011-09-09T02:41:58-04:00'
describe
'109081' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBU' 'sip-files00095.jpg'
779787a1758f038fc38cfcbad3948a40
e346118e824edecf65f0587766c423cf4ff6b153
describe
'29416' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBV' 'sip-files00095.pro'
325c954d52ef31505edfbb580fec71a2
d8056b3ea92f709533f4509435504b0d7158ce35
'2011-09-09T02:32:49-04:00'
describe
'35899' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBW' 'sip-files00095.QC.jpg'
a434b46e422792ec7d82dc8825935c5f
e746c02eca25f6e8b3e7936d4fcd801b39606658
'2011-09-09T02:34:41-04:00'
describe
'2823124' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBX' 'sip-files00095.tif'
65dfc2ca11ae4fe560d2da02a2f0f99d
d122689206d14ffd0a8223ee550a6ac1b1e70dc2
'2011-09-09T02:42:36-04:00'
describe
'1239' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBY' 'sip-files00095.txt'
dfc82db97ca37765abbbafe81cbd35c4
5fc275254a5929543f7dee6a39c16be7c91c45a9
describe
'9290' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADBZ' 'sip-files00095thm.jpg'
70cd244f51cb5b445c1c37384b52799b
f87385fb0b365fa6c86ce2c3e1126b78d0f75bab
'2011-09-09T02:41:04-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCA' 'sip-files00096.jp2'
c3b5cf71de289d648c5343e2ab926281
00a4035ee61b2217745e54bee043bb414bfb51f6
'2011-09-09T02:37:55-04:00'
describe
'117393' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCB' 'sip-files00096.jpg'
850af13fc12d607eb962d96764290f4a
67ed700494f3678dcee1a852b99ab0aeda975ddd
describe
'32127' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCC' 'sip-files00096.pro'
96f69315b28d5d5e6f602c7589b565fe
b0ca1ce5d4fc7c555bba2d043ab6cedbd6c5fdd3
describe
'39215' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCD' 'sip-files00096.QC.jpg'
b25685946e735a3fb39155a0338b8ed0
8a6bd0a3a826c7fc75848b6390d88f5120aaa19a
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCE' 'sip-files00096.tif'
422d589e247d5994470139a536ff81a3
39168a6dd8a56a6d305aee1b3c126711f13c287a
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCF' 'sip-files00096.txt'
f35c6fc071e04ff365bf4d880996625a
1d0849e391eef7225bd7fc2009d1aca6a48b18f8
'2011-09-09T02:27:40-04:00'
describe
Invalid character
'10725' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCG' 'sip-files00096thm.jpg'
f5220a484c4648dc6afa396385085d26
579f6306df4349bbb8426817dfb989d72b27d55c
describe
'350202' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCH' 'sip-files00097.jp2'
231f9d1dd98f287ec2c4d4532690fd8c
e6168c598d7fca20268253432f8701e9fd711d3d
'2011-09-09T02:45:25-04:00'
describe
'114904' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCI' 'sip-files00097.jpg'
90c33b66acd4d6e024a4eb05865e25de
1022ae564a8d86d1c27012919a055375af71b327
describe
'31183' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCJ' 'sip-files00097.pro'
c52cad872070ad5044de9093339bf849
6cdded404c54818137cef09b5a910bb2a7607885
'2011-09-09T02:41:03-04:00'
describe
'38645' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCK' 'sip-files00097.QC.jpg'
e4991bb32eb5034850d10cf3fb8a7f97
0393f0d8f0dbc921579648ae7c963bd58039ae60
'2011-09-09T02:23:14-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCL' 'sip-files00097.tif'
9eafc74eb89596776c25065759b5cb65
ed514c85dbb125bde74572e22d565d1a57b4fc00
'2011-09-09T02:26:52-04:00'
describe
'1247' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCM' 'sip-files00097.txt'
abdc6abe0aa1261d162d39cc5be78ec5
b2714cdc741cdacc99ea0eac8ac12e99e551cafd
'2011-09-09T02:33:30-04:00'
describe
'10067' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCN' 'sip-files00097thm.jpg'
fd4cf0dcc265c227dee4b7fb5b2a350c
b777fced2e227de6cf1d711e00dd964855bcac1b
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCO' 'sip-files00098.jp2'
f5c925b99385245ec2167d0a8dc0cb6c
52a707052dcd7469523de253996ba24b139531ea
'2011-09-09T02:32:25-04:00'
describe
'118151' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCP' 'sip-files00098.jpg'
f1384c29373fde096b7feb8ad0781081
f70beb2946e533b62fa732ed0ac34ebea71da81e
'2011-09-09T02:29:45-04:00'
describe
'32886' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCQ' 'sip-files00098.pro'
fc6f724173b62d046177efd8a7f12943
b87071c692e6d378c7dd0ba710bd46b06793bc7e
'2011-09-09T02:28:35-04:00'
describe
'39589' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCR' 'sip-files00098.QC.jpg'
5d6eec5aaf76d7eee6c973ea0a3a84b1
4a69cff6cf5c09c773bfd9724671515b828997b6
'2011-09-09T02:25:27-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCS' 'sip-files00098.tif'
f2f1cad888c5886e4b478a359d3c36cc
33f1b165ccd386990d15bb6b3d55c82faefc81cf
'2011-09-09T02:23:46-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCT' 'sip-files00098.txt'
f4d758a0a015547b0d3623b27d476ee6
54b72250cfb9928b5d55e5f3eb353501ac86af5e
describe
'10592' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCU' 'sip-files00098thm.jpg'
f30db943cc959c94383caa81d5588022
525bbc4c358fa67a57e50af111089890722cf2d9
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCV' 'sip-files00099.jp2'
e38736cdb09373dbe393e9bfa926eff8
37c631a78cb44c0b92fea1115da620da71467ac1
'2011-09-09T02:40:24-04:00'
describe
'112517' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCW' 'sip-files00099.jpg'
fbe3176cc83f4b8571bf2cad6cadcdf7
5757b05b093c7c10fd2045e99e97d9b2c3399228
describe
'31955' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCX' 'sip-files00099.pro'
ef77abbceec86ea191063f918904d583
b0cd6ab9fcb9004985066962baa05a0a8d14cf97
'2011-09-09T02:28:39-04:00'
describe
'38653' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCY' 'sip-files00099.QC.jpg'
b389e5c420d538d13a19e1b98593abf2
5f024251102a746c1d2e54eb68d4d5180ba1dce5
describe
'2823324' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADCZ' 'sip-files00099.tif'
aee0cf2b6bfedb4d4f9b7656b96101b1
13309d7d7abb02bdd9afc005a251744f18783c60
'2011-09-09T02:36:47-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDA' 'sip-files00099.txt'
7c08192db527a2a87824ea9dccd8c73c
d2fd97e7e7e2b8267bee7e2db495f6136e3179d6
'2011-09-09T02:24:52-04:00'
describe
'9764' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDB' 'sip-files00099thm.jpg'
e120cadd34d1e7d2c6ff0b194a706907
01ddc3be4eb59a3a5d68bdf058411417be1987d3
'2011-09-09T02:43:01-04:00'
describe
'350224' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDC' 'sip-files00100.jp2'
ea71561e4762f91b9ebec2b8b19c99d5
471ea8349de2f303a19717509c1218d1c595dea3
'2011-09-09T02:37:48-04:00'
describe
'115497' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDD' 'sip-files00100.jpg'
1faf0ad8293927669b430c866b2fe6ac
93483f9d70174050646e92611987b62f8a380461
'2011-09-09T02:41:42-04:00'
describe
'31696' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDE' 'sip-files00100.pro'
e1e5e861988d7db0d32ff89b5ec3bf3a
3e65ad1d7d37793feb548ebb3eef944950376c19
describe
'39218' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDF' 'sip-files00100.QC.jpg'
c1dcd59a3803d35ad85dd7fcfb6cb099
8a1ef3d7af361101c841a51e055ae60bcde77b2f
'2011-09-09T02:28:12-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDG' 'sip-files00100.tif'
9cc54b9d00122f9f0cafcb7e65a66927
ac24b9d3bc611aa095e2462cfc7f4ed7ccbcc899
'2011-09-09T02:33:02-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDH' 'sip-files00100.txt'
c8b7787e880b7b4720cb428e48861cd0
107baa622b3ebadb86e86466e6c95246e2feda30
describe
'10514' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDI' 'sip-files00100thm.jpg'
6f8cf49964c05d338a4bb7a403737629
7013fa23dab0946b210cda95f9d3adf02cc4f8fe
'2011-09-09T02:27:12-04:00'
describe
'350235' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDJ' 'sip-files00101.jp2'
e7d8fa720b7de17388c28165a652605f
dd0de9fb0128117b188730e9ea771db1be0da0a6
'2011-09-09T02:31:03-04:00'
describe
'114196' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDK' 'sip-files00101.jpg'
a8dbd6a4327823b040702c5a65fc6d55
dac0c684e42b706591a421b3545b97f97cf2b3b7
'2011-09-09T02:40:21-04:00'
describe
'32903' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDL' 'sip-files00101.pro'
1f2901222912161c0936f6e9140f0dd1
1c46ffa0655f5f9f21f14ec91e4fcd8bd93a54fa
describe
'38986' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDM' 'sip-files00101.QC.jpg'
a5702b5d459723c628b50ca6471bcee3
417cfeb7739b9506075e038dfccb6e5f4652e140
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDN' 'sip-files00101.tif'
0bcdb585139ffae011fd1a68bae6fe29
963511025f5bdf77cd191e93c991e8625c4c9190
'2011-09-09T02:44:36-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDO' 'sip-files00101.txt'
d763924c2cd2622cd40c1aadea7d7bc6
44be9f134a1c6e5061195d20b8ecd134bf1cb9c1
'2011-09-09T02:23:15-04:00'
describe
'10357' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDP' 'sip-files00101thm.jpg'
d53f17ca5481700a138842dd6e33721e
d45f83d7e69b6e5fec0a3f5153e4e68514736c86
describe
'350221' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDQ' 'sip-files00102.jp2'
152f4e0a6c883e6dbe0ce30f4be72a99
ad767659e72c91d58486fbd734836445ccc310ef
'2011-09-09T02:31:26-04:00'
describe
'112888' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDR' 'sip-files00102.jpg'
1017260faf8e01cc63bed10b5f324108
b6c9dfeac3bdde44cec6cb349db37d2a110a7c10
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDS' 'sip-files00102.pro'
2864c2652d15be1ba8921344ae1115e2
6846ed7a2b28197750c0713c6a61e3914453e416
'2011-09-09T02:45:08-04:00'
describe
'38411' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDT' 'sip-files00102.QC.jpg'
b781dbfa9b00008831237ed5999e25fe
489fb12211eadc5b5d9d058d2c123a10dd3a832b
'2011-09-09T02:25:28-04:00'
describe
'2823312' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDU' 'sip-files00102.tif'
ede1b1d1232b27073864e941a8935d50
d9a5c2e8628adce1ad16d9250f24e8e2ad2be32d
'2011-09-09T02:28:08-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDV' 'sip-files00102.txt'
5fb12a0c4d6ddfd80258556e6aaa06a5
ee448a73cea314c7c160072546fb8061cbf20341
'2011-09-09T02:41:21-04:00'
describe
'10101' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDW' 'sip-files00102thm.jpg'
d6daef3cb07c62edcb0cc1ab5595346d
404ac18c9a86ca369b500fd4ee9d58fb54763298
describe
'350186' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDX' 'sip-files00103.jp2'
e8ec0b69ab06d550485b6da48952a128
d15cd1c2fb21f82b955b3e7661a9627b65c0c5ff
'2011-09-09T02:45:04-04:00'
describe
'107236' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDY' 'sip-files00103.jpg'
c4d269176b97642a6844b1bc9f1fb8c7
c4895cdd9ec36ffcb0fda8f10c6eaeb19cc0a932
'2011-09-09T02:44:29-04:00'
describe
'29426' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADDZ' 'sip-files00103.pro'
4d4406ff7a039e6558c1baa52c7f85f8
6698b6fae97f250581a042b0da15014075e5e70c
'2011-09-09T02:24:29-04:00'
describe
'36381' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEA' 'sip-files00103.QC.jpg'
eee8a90e595eaf9df199de798d0038e2
5bbedcef68cc991c3c43187b37775780a337c348
'2011-09-09T02:29:32-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEB' 'sip-files00103.tif'
1d03b78ac89e9c97e5bdecc13a7ba3d7
0684097b7488db3d5af626ec712d8967dada5437
'2011-09-09T02:35:32-04:00'
describe
'1209' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEC' 'sip-files00103.txt'
3b6bb265be2268c4088b3e02cdd3323c
d514a155f4013a05ee11da0730beffa408cebed7
describe
'9765' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADED' 'sip-files00103thm.jpg'
10cc02a1a019e088b48a1e06266e91c1
0f3f4d79c1a177618a01dc3bd2b9f9e10c76b1bb
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEE' 'sip-files00104.jp2'
fb19cfd1ab1db0a0188f24949cbb0751
bba56bb3d516c625637bd8a054047128dc7f4456
'2011-09-09T02:28:52-04:00'
describe
'120969' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEF' 'sip-files00104.jpg'
894b945cd2f3fe7c00aa79543a6a817a
7b1b4adf30fe3899c4254fe9648f2c57c1ab0d10
'2011-09-09T02:27:58-04:00'
describe
'31604' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEG' 'sip-files00104.pro'
59e384e6401eb0e57ea4a79fd57d52da
f0716554d3ad1d8b3ff067384bc74ee1a818b7cb
'2011-09-09T02:28:58-04:00'
describe
'40076' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEH' 'sip-files00104.QC.jpg'
df6305a95cafa45ae40f6c3ab6416b1a
7c30ddc7fe6e7ad2db3716ed2cae17060f562abe
describe
'2823644' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEI' 'sip-files00104.tif'
bb9ab4fe4c6cf29707e46b3728228ec8
ac2999d90c8e6592da687da20c76a258efd5c383
describe
'1255' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEJ' 'sip-files00104.txt'
481fe21bc3c0fe59bdebd8951a493d09
2b7a44a9781e57a363005b8694199dcd85458ff6
'2011-09-09T02:32:08-04:00'
describe
'10645' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEK' 'sip-files00104thm.jpg'
b0e4fc1fc13afd5718935f78b04a5a73
06c9fef613b4e49757e36031ef103b85c72777e6
'2011-09-09T02:33:35-04:00'
describe
'350191' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEL' 'sip-files00105.jp2'
e1904116f9ec8445a9b3101558179cfa
ccae0105178f1a0013288df8ba5fa44f508e741f
describe
'122726' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEM' 'sip-files00105.jpg'
e2ae095eca12bacd8f19539dcc0b873f
81b45eb6dc8f76bf8fbfd1dace8b52a4ffaa14e2
'2011-09-09T02:40:26-04:00'
describe
'32945' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEN' 'sip-files00105.pro'
02e2f5429a20ab12b1894c191c46a785
1372bf6ffd97f11a9179b317092dfe055079bce4
'2011-09-09T02:35:56-04:00'
describe
'40310' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEO' 'sip-files00105.QC.jpg'
7801c15fc36511e72ebd430b4971ca89
7382a3f74a6259669ec3a3952cc57b3b94b570b5
describe
'2823812' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEP' 'sip-files00105.tif'
07c3b5d83ccb4b74c085ab740072696a
f4f768f5db9a7200c6f62f95f878011b6fc2274c
'2011-09-09T02:36:08-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEQ' 'sip-files00105.txt'
b5b9391bf0db281449ee1657f3e817a9
17dacd0e95ac391aba3b8bd6921f323546fd3cec
describe
'10963' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADER' 'sip-files00105thm.jpg'
fa248d980e62c33ac25b889d3747926f
efbdfe7f690d7bb7d73024e3ee6699f3c43dc4ed
'2011-09-09T02:28:09-04:00'
describe
'350156' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADES' 'sip-files00106.jp2'
45609aa0d4c9ac53a2520cea075d337c
a9f8418753c581a95e2d6725d7da528ed434e95a
'2011-09-09T02:42:03-04:00'
describe
'117215' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADET' 'sip-files00106.jpg'
317688cb0394d107fd9a0d0263a09d8a
4ec8c1b334d1badfb52b99f652b344e9f4ec0b65
'2011-09-09T02:25:22-04:00'
describe
'32190' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEU' 'sip-files00106.pro'
f7d489137f329411e330316e24ffb228
386eee76eaba6e8fa5a76807e7e32bfc11a948a3
'2011-09-09T02:39:18-04:00'
describe
'38936' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEV' 'sip-files00106.QC.jpg'
f4b4afccb4c825e6a28de1da62118223
cc0a20f5bd03c86ed3c8e235440e781a74cd993e
'2011-09-09T02:32:27-04:00'
describe
'2823304' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEW' 'sip-files00106.tif'
b2a1836469acdff26a78ae8fefadae81
5b577917f927537dcb4f5754a929918f3f1fa232
describe
'1276' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEX' 'sip-files00106.txt'
6802d668122de013b90f3602a70454b1
f00c350294f24dccd908b4ee6ad8c67bc4bf1b7d
describe
'10515' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEY' 'sip-files00106thm.jpg'
1738c3970f4403851c754c8c0f619923
59b3487bf81364844fdb8eef4d0ad0d271f24778
'2011-09-09T02:42:25-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADEZ' 'sip-files00107.jp2'
1bfe2cd2cd8942e4fcaeaae91d0fbc67
da2004a08048a9f2ae52ab4e0e3607d8b0636b95
'2011-09-09T02:39:10-04:00'
describe
'114412' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFA' 'sip-files00107.jpg'
1f2b8298550d5e73f5a94a0a9c84cffe
17d3676b1265c4d90c417771b1f92c9c67e5c816
'2011-09-09T02:28:28-04:00'
describe
'33191' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFB' 'sip-files00107.pro'
192f20c64cd5f77fb7b373fb8a8fa312
e667e822283619bd0f647f59171dd929d3b09a80
'2011-09-09T02:33:12-04:00'
describe
'38515' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFC' 'sip-files00107.QC.jpg'
126308c0a1c355449cf791b921e06dcf
0ba491e1ed453d61023896f2ac7f9f3ec35a68b5
'2011-09-09T02:34:44-04:00'
describe
'2823424' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFD' 'sip-files00107.tif'
9d583bb7c522cec4da8aeb5d344e4d1a
bdeb69b7fb103562ad40d47caab778b63c986e75
'2011-09-09T02:41:13-04:00'
describe
'1309' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFE' 'sip-files00107.txt'
47ba1e289cccef9580d7d1a5e18950f1
fdca4ebf6a9a9a82f34330a0e88da2f4b383626c
describe
'10033' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFF' 'sip-files00107thm.jpg'
cf0a293980f9d08c3cb40ffe10c28be9
1acfca02cf49855777e9c3c88dd4303d2dda0fac
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFG' 'sip-files00108.jp2'
ac7b9d6ac641cbac9fcce9376daf22cc
927fa7e97b241dd3553d80f689320b5d6fa831f0
describe
'117201' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFH' 'sip-files00108.jpg'
5e37ac3c12757336bc0e95c0b1f5a23b
a5b61b71fd17fcb2d02a6613ffd81f483b295fa2
'2011-09-09T02:37:35-04:00'
describe
'32798' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFI' 'sip-files00108.pro'
40653a71527c3b5676e0d2520ca8bcc4
f1d70165d6636923050d65a858ed34cd1ea23dd4
'2011-09-09T02:23:52-04:00'
describe
'39632' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFJ' 'sip-files00108.QC.jpg'
72b8cfda5585f585ff265518aaf682cd
81dfc955a3fabfd98c3cfd30bdc8cc94357e67b6
describe
'2823280' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFK' 'sip-files00108.tif'
b6d05cf515b74f92503cc30aefdece84
033ce561792cb3c90ed7836071c3bfec5a607ba5
describe
'1291' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFL' 'sip-files00108.txt'
81057f9dafab7e907d98628048edff0c
614bb30872ee0c197fec822fbd75c1b1e2ca6080
'2011-09-09T02:45:02-04:00'
describe
'10463' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFM' 'sip-files00108thm.jpg'
73d9cec8cd9c6b70c1560a0ef018f7fa
ae94b5d532bfe817292a51b7bb34c883aa34ba3a
'2011-09-09T02:30:59-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFN' 'sip-files00109.jp2'
a5cd49d75b6b08b5ec40499169d90843
59dc06ebd80f78f25bbc5e36cde9a924d93e1356
'2011-09-09T02:44:02-04:00'
describe
'112167' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFO' 'sip-files00109.jpg'
fcfbfd0fb49aa1a22d68dd191a5f6c8e
9afb68581661daf20f2acb680d49e93be05be4e7
'2011-09-09T02:29:06-04:00'
describe
'31251' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFP' 'sip-files00109.pro'
24a699880b55507c1c60abd72a09a309
a4b9b65f4feb2ca69059ca6c820e4ef8a564dd5b
'2011-09-09T02:39:09-04:00'
describe
'38879' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFQ' 'sip-files00109.QC.jpg'
c60192aab4e8fac278a7877ec840c3a8
0366c4540045209b2ef4691e842e53af061bab83
describe
'2823528' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFR' 'sip-files00109.tif'
90dd76652be22ec3582952ea235b99a1
223663faa6f72c240cfb5fda0e1a92c57d0a7e2e
'2011-09-09T02:25:09-04:00'
describe
'1234' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFS' 'sip-files00109.txt'
1b53ceb657e4d2f732c53253a1ce68a6
3a2b3781d878a2d5e8ec32fd940d0f2ce8d70333
describe
'10271' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFT' 'sip-files00109thm.jpg'
df2005eb2b49c035cba6ae068d021361
0254bf351a11478d13a06cbe9d7893535fb08bde
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFU' 'sip-files00110.jp2'
7d110b429324edffbee6e1fa8129072b
416506d7ebd2c3a80fcf5078eaf56eed46e13562
'2011-09-09T02:23:45-04:00'
describe
'121197' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFV' 'sip-files00110.jpg'
69966b1495503d8d77d57f8098235009
eb2304e1777f1360b2f43b4ad6e8648321416b92
describe
'31868' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFW' 'sip-files00110.pro'
fd62ff2b951d7b212a7d0ec820b3376c
5a6be46cf52509b3711bd69e478789393caaa0cb
'2011-09-09T02:37:52-04:00'
describe
'39649' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFX' 'sip-files00110.QC.jpg'
9e3532b7bf5a1f8fd61fb3714d78c688
6f70a712d8f7f4257717d7eb6a1cdc28d0001565
'2011-09-09T02:44:57-04:00'
describe
'2823564' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFY' 'sip-files00110.tif'
0ec6ae3171668a8c869bacdb8794f865
5c9f3b6e3c45de0b60a7da89347612f9f8882b4c
'2011-09-09T02:26:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADFZ' 'sip-files00110.txt'
f69911b58fbacd1582acd95dfd57d654
3f215ab6fa286ccccf4a87b056c74d9e47ebcfcb
describe
'10584' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGA' 'sip-files00110thm.jpg'
f2b245a9c17130c7099437213ad27b15
464cf212dc10500c87344cf41dc1c8a912ceb252
'2011-09-09T02:23:10-04:00'
describe
'350220' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGB' 'sip-files00111.jp2'
73ac99c36f921374971b78c43fff903e
ad8a37363dee4a3c1d2de7219278087abcfac496
'2011-09-09T02:44:47-04:00'
describe
'117128' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGC' 'sip-files00111.jpg'
9bdb88dc2e5ea3593dc148febb42e584
18e73495c1a41cf76f8156edda9d1340bba584fb
'2011-09-09T02:31:35-04:00'
describe
'31553' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGD' 'sip-files00111.pro'
ce1925c5103964dfa3871ebfd0cd33ac
9c76d1554ec516408cb9a65453979ca740f3339f
'2011-09-09T02:23:54-04:00'
describe
'39200' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGE' 'sip-files00111.QC.jpg'
9972766f1fef7df7558c3cfe7402a074
6217a8598ee2f0cb4e2ed5fb1fe8a90b2f7c3e55
'2011-09-09T02:38:22-04:00'
describe
'2823556' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGF' 'sip-files00111.tif'
19710b216a02b98d5774a5567272ab6c
808ad366a8f44bce458839cf04756907bb4006a7
describe
'1244' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGG' 'sip-files00111.txt'
354c3a0f705da9bbcb81543f2badefc4
45276438d6d2f3875b9ec56e1544e4a4b621a932
'2011-09-09T02:23:57-04:00'
describe
'10290' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGH' 'sip-files00111thm.jpg'
442e11cee0f3113fc6b68fb87eeee466
2986abca52cd0c820ad0772b626f299a132b2b5f
'2011-09-09T02:35:34-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGI' 'sip-files00112.jp2'
91c4a02abf73558563637c7a7c720a46
2c2774e6a5b249e5c07399e90105d526d7ac0277
'2011-09-09T02:34:16-04:00'
describe
'87166' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGJ' 'sip-files00112.jpg'
81e06c0d9fcd42c06082b248568a0645
91e71daf6204471648f200a72c073ae6d27d99ca
'2011-09-09T02:37:10-04:00'
describe
'22485' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGK' 'sip-files00112.pro'
683f768b7099a575d973e468cff11795
4c03cdb336a8db779bc06c7f10c6ed593a8b9916
describe
'28590' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGL' 'sip-files00112.QC.jpg'
9697c88b871cdcd7a8d6bf2905de9df4
d960e0e5326e541637d2a4fc6720532e2024adc4
'2011-09-09T02:30:48-04:00'
describe
'2822044' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGM' 'sip-files00112.tif'
d5b5c35df4f0040c7d77735d45af71ce
74f169e74461c5769920631700c797400ac206b4
'2011-09-09T02:39:36-04:00'
describe
'896' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGN' 'sip-files00112.txt'
56d015951b4e8293d8573753f92630e1
0e03cd87af3f3a843ec9be103b05fa4cc38a54a5
'2011-09-09T02:30:02-04:00'
describe
'7554' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGO' 'sip-files00112thm.jpg'
02fccaa23f02ae722136d545a68c653e
65434f803dde03bf73f6e4623a1a05b620072849
'2011-09-09T02:37:28-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGP' 'sip-files00113.jp2'
4be411521ade97b130accf0568d31239
5a579766b24b7683ff4de38e396d555df5bf7cbd
'2011-09-09T02:30:49-04:00'
describe
'92703' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGQ' 'sip-files00113.jpg'
5b0e6b74e10ed287244fc0a88b94af75
2f664db19368cfc8537ef5d89e9dc623df6283ac
'2011-09-09T02:29:22-04:00'
describe
'27310' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGR' 'sip-files00113.pro'
2b311395741326324ba452675af24feb
c6c4d76fe2cd4a32fbd8f82e787aee5978f7b13e
'2011-09-09T02:41:01-04:00'
describe
'29973' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGS' 'sip-files00113.QC.jpg'
8d29bdcf20db87ee9853ca644cdd2930
967845ece467d72fd5d0c34f248ade7882b40902
describe
'2822412' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGT' 'sip-files00113.tif'
6134f785cfac97976ce2deb3690a3a72
fa7d7875b018fa07e8e2ffb41603ab94478869f0
'2011-09-09T02:28:27-04:00'
describe
'1149' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGU' 'sip-files00113.txt'
e4365e3942d3536c544c1a79df64fd74
b95b6df6c66ff36ab28f005fe54faac30ddd0f79
'2011-09-09T02:41:47-04:00'
describe
'7818' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGV' 'sip-files00113thm.jpg'
c5668dc4276a2da1b1ad1732994ea9ff
9ff988be85b83cf92b64ab8e93cb67d1e362b970
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGW' 'sip-files00114.jp2'
31a1c9d5dcd9ba2e5a175dbe659478b7
30d111034fb3413c2294584eabc2a11e641212d3
'2011-09-09T02:44:08-04:00'
describe
'114676' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGX' 'sip-files00114.jpg'
0dce075f9e3e344a7d6118c7762a9a00
1fe93f576a0463e23994fea883004b1e5fae9d34
'2011-09-09T02:43:09-04:00'
describe
'31048' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGY' 'sip-files00114.pro'
4835da8f96a0c02c6c3853aa78b9b47e
1becdd0361c88fc5d4d5662fb6f9ab1cd759f2b4
'2011-09-09T02:31:43-04:00'
describe
'38648' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADGZ' 'sip-files00114.QC.jpg'
1a65bbd0ec8e11c1ef6466a64c42e1b3
7db22d156b60444cf607ee51601a693a43d31b0e
describe
'2823328' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHA' 'sip-files00114.tif'
50784fb1a9c6e3c7d9d20360f63cf48c
49a4109eb194c6cdf745c5ffcdeabc2f7d76c3da
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHB' 'sip-files00114.txt'
5ba959a23e531c528bdc2d856d65f810
66f729a9b0f784dc50300cc8b3b8d19443c5b298
'2011-09-09T02:32:14-04:00'
describe
'9984' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHC' 'sip-files00114thm.jpg'
2e4b0048a696924b4962428435f79472
4412712908ddeba4bbf187c8e31f7babd43d303d
'2011-09-09T02:25:07-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHD' 'sip-files00115.jp2'
e90ab30fdc9d7f567670e12003a0c8d4
525f410000adfbb0862ef383c217acfcc686e400
'2011-09-09T02:25:54-04:00'
describe
'114058' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHE' 'sip-files00115.jpg'
709402dbe4d8b9ae5c79979e30ddb10d
641367e354083cdba406c7789c84e7ec01e0e410
'2011-09-09T02:38:04-04:00'
describe
'33276' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHF' 'sip-files00115.pro'
66b2b185764409f3b3b1aaeb00ee7f26
50f85e1ef66965893eac94afbf73036f6fbf2653
'2011-09-09T02:43:49-04:00'
describe
'38355' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHG' 'sip-files00115.QC.jpg'
3f9bc8aa6c1dab18ca38fc55472fca11
f588d616ceb37cadb1d26ce3fe2bffd7c97d0925
'2011-09-09T02:28:29-04:00'
describe
'2823128' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHH' 'sip-files00115.tif'
0d382e6ef90a56feb8ceb48a54d59a9a
739ccbc2261a6d047f727988c825a77a6fd21247
'2011-09-09T02:34:48-04:00'
describe
'1310' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHI' 'sip-files00115.txt'
771ed7f44d81cdf3998520c2b90c2b74
4bfcc8e13539d2c08a442e2f1436ead593e59edb
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHJ' 'sip-files00115thm.jpg'
3a3e88d446ef291710e4faa70ad1459b
bda76654c33af61b84452a903431f9bcc245cd1d
describe
'350172' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHK' 'sip-files00116.jp2'
a26d1e602c39e2c2db45f4c7a6e5bb3d
a0dfb7c27f2015ecdff6fa2b209afc622e5b5717
describe
'113576' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHL' 'sip-files00116.jpg'
8a1b1fc6ca21d3da6a572a2155534477
982dd6cabaf0ac0993e8259eed214cb4963f5bc0
'2011-09-09T02:30:53-04:00'
describe
'31988' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHM' 'sip-files00116.pro'
b1877638df50dc84f65090f224cefd9c
6253d19ecbe827c122fa71e54872726425e97624
'2011-09-09T02:25:49-04:00'
describe
'38182' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHN' 'sip-files00116.QC.jpg'
11cd202ab4bc8b0caf401fdfdeba5f78
a29af7ba00a4c1ee9d02273bc3ebf78844bf73bd
'2011-09-09T02:36:00-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHO' 'sip-files00116.tif'
60e1832cbf1bd36d636a79163e01647d
c14a1c3c965d9d99af0c7e952a6dc52dca6a80ff
'2011-09-09T02:24:10-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHP' 'sip-files00116.txt'
a0f49b63b3b89d9283da13be633656da
f8f2a6b83c7a5213b9b1707a506a3d86753f10ea
'2011-09-09T02:29:35-04:00'
describe
'9944' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHQ' 'sip-files00116thm.jpg'
4df2cd5fd4060cb1db0baa0640cf9254
6f1858d3b91839f3a86b6755e620fa739407f509
'2011-09-09T02:35:10-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHR' 'sip-files00117.jp2'
ad4d1e12d9f1a5537da061f4decc9b22
8a140863104472a6fd697d95863b3ca22adf46a1
'2011-09-09T02:38:00-04:00'
describe
'116044' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHS' 'sip-files00117.jpg'
149e4b5e602806417eb5d4391e06008c
b3d823161c4b627502bcd51b0076556c3f341cfc
describe
'31963' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHT' 'sip-files00117.pro'
abd4700f38044d84f1a410a76b043a51
e3803327239b38f1a22a6aaf6c94a90d4da55e30
'2011-09-09T02:27:37-04:00'
describe
'39435' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHU' 'sip-files00117.QC.jpg'
a89ac46723ca3cb4c17f885f1374b66b
f3059bf64be5da3d405ea4ee75acc0b05dc92244
'2011-09-09T02:30:50-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHV' 'sip-files00117.tif'
c8d9c884e8f31eb6fe34f467cd878fc4
0fc83c5902ddae15f0ac38eccd5f194b8421f2ab
'2011-09-09T02:23:49-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHW' 'sip-files00117.txt'
0b7dc6a5674aaadfecbe9130e0574641
f5b0ed318ec650a44f3df2bedbffe741e415873e
describe
'10490' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHX' 'sip-files00117thm.jpg'
8029c9caac4b540a52598e9abcc8ba37
8bde3bbeedf567c2b670c8b1086c8352a9a76c6c
'2011-09-09T02:31:21-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHY' 'sip-files00118.jp2'
e28c508a9da285c170747354c142b648
536abeb245732467f473e3e9f1174f965bff6a84
'2011-09-09T02:25:34-04:00'
describe
'115951' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADHZ' 'sip-files00118.jpg'
c10f03544b37b938f8789867a00161e6
24c5491c4b7406d23f8fdf8f08f29156f9f92be6
'2011-09-09T02:38:03-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIA' 'sip-files00118.pro'
acc9bc4dde985744f604740b8f4be846
c42c2ef5d957f923856bbbed96792d2f42d455b7
describe
'38514' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIB' 'sip-files00118.QC.jpg'
f40c89a743835f09a0875a2758171d9a
08bc71a4e25bc1f34dc88f8b9d8a0b47585dbe86
'2011-09-09T02:26:06-04:00'
describe
'2823120' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIC' 'sip-files00118.tif'
e2be552cb69f33254b0acb97cd2655d4
f3f386a2658845d908ed2ef7e2f76aa8d45ed892
'2011-09-09T02:37:17-04:00'
describe
'1265' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADID' 'sip-files00118.txt'
c49f29dc8cd6fb885098fc4edfa63d92
923d90d715831b25f4163d3a32ebadd9c3652d01
'2011-09-09T02:23:16-04:00'
describe
'10305' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIE' 'sip-files00118thm.jpg'
3ac59dbd58e5896e043fa55a4a0c3f75
ccb14bbea9e62f2a55eda313add65791a688887b
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIF' 'sip-files00119.jp2'
44b237fe6758bb2aa5bb78a2b7e5cc3c
99f73c55b659c30a27aac7dbc1a15e9b491870f0
'2011-09-09T02:27:33-04:00'
describe
'116323' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIG' 'sip-files00119.jpg'
4358839e816244313ed3a0b31c84ca23
af451a5b2635a78c676bb77524a8580ea8a64808
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIH' 'sip-files00119.pro'
29666b810a5a6cc4e758c3cba7453b05
94acb47e90208e420e900a2f4e7eda75c22175f1
describe
'39666' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADII' 'sip-files00119.QC.jpg'
390bb793f3f7c95e798a4e6de9f65e0a
fe87a4abc4d0b9bb64cdbc0620960c91db94716c
describe
'2823608' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIJ' 'sip-files00119.tif'
45eadda621eb8ff7a6ab0c8017683f41
b3ad0a0ff9ddfb24dc7a58515bde9de14f7240da
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIK' 'sip-files00119.txt'
b0a89907f9ede92aae63e72d105d40ee
0e1aa36ef51178f9165c4930a5687f37776cf914
'2011-09-09T02:25:48-04:00'
describe
'10242' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIL' 'sip-files00119thm.jpg'
e3c599e7a685ac2bb794aacfee572d7e
88feeee71978cee32aebfe0b7b045d7326c11117
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIM' 'sip-files00120.jp2'
866af5c384affa403e977c4f7e144408
532fd84b23d74369c7df7a6480439988e82b0b37
'2011-09-09T02:31:33-04:00'
describe
'122612' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIN' 'sip-files00120.jpg'
75869d88f009cb17293ba783601b5cf5
b13936b391c4930401bac5a83772fc822ed238c2
'2011-09-09T02:37:02-04:00'
describe
'31687' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIO' 'sip-files00120.pro'
e66af317576da2135c9a7bacc642f03f
42b1a0882bffe279c12bc1fa095046457326acfd
'2011-09-09T02:41:34-04:00'
describe
'40391' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIP' 'sip-files00120.QC.jpg'
44ad2a5514c0b65e2320c0f109353a46
00b357b09ed794dac701bf750bb73c1427869cd2
'2011-09-09T02:37:00-04:00'
describe
'2823664' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIQ' 'sip-files00120.tif'
7fa59163eb81a1ef4ddc209deb080442
b2d492fefeba3ec48fca4f38e5b9422eaae07c66
'2011-09-09T02:43:34-04:00'
describe
'1250' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIR' 'sip-files00120.txt'
feee0f1370a1e775d0ec19fc4408ade0
46c5405f54f9c025568673d3da53b399e5e90c9f
describe
'10653' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIS' 'sip-files00120thm.jpg'
43af3531df20ae15fdad66c07f9de168
af007e003197fa7112c9ac3fd296245bbe21847b
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIT' 'sip-files00121.jp2'
39087aef0191a3ba8a6d39d1031620d1
76445ef79212d3b67ebea31af732c73b20ac9859
describe
'119322' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIU' 'sip-files00121.jpg'
3d7be5458929e038deb3d8eea5fa140b
dfafe2746c1c20587151e4238fd95c734bf7e6bc
'2011-09-09T02:42:12-04:00'
describe
'31767' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIV' 'sip-files00121.pro'
8ff6a692aa16e68f41d1efbbd16b9341
3836de79b92ec4b7f103f15a786a9967086bc5cd
'2011-09-09T02:23:34-04:00'
describe
'39756' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIW' 'sip-files00121.QC.jpg'
92ccbe7068d9462c3470dc8a7534281b
e47e4c108d8b0856a27960fe329c876ab825bf83
describe
'2823432' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIX' 'sip-files00121.tif'
c6ca11e522e7530cc8890af791996501
10496678bdcef2e308454a5e2d72f0874cf73d61
'2011-09-09T02:33:39-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIY' 'sip-files00121.txt'
115b5c50e2e89c3a3f1e9a16a61f77d7
4aa5948a240428e45650c22c0818ab4e54042b3d
describe
'10291' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADIZ' 'sip-files00121thm.jpg'
14b4aaa94f42007430bd8059f8970250
f5711f04da50bf223c1f6410bc7d551fa4eae6d0
'2011-09-09T02:43:04-04:00'
describe
'350237' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJA' 'sip-files00122.jp2'
98b191dd9cfbb5851978e51a2b9d8720
effd75736a26add6c0454617d670fc2d3fe44b79
'2011-09-09T02:23:28-04:00'
describe
'117924' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJB' 'sip-files00122.jpg'
9d43705364a4a1337aedddab0521b9b7
a9b9bc9e3000bdb3a00f84d151571635fe8fbc67
'2011-09-09T02:38:02-04:00'
describe
'32187' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJC' 'sip-files00122.pro'
dd42168d52c5713a8909a10b60b5ebc0
f4f3200102f6f816b8dd25c57cf4f2a481563791
'2011-09-09T02:26:18-04:00'
describe
'38855' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJD' 'sip-files00122.QC.jpg'
7839139eb168857432301c651973005e
3be98942b422f481f77f93f4bf74f22a2322723f
'2011-09-09T02:35:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJE' 'sip-files00122.tif'
6b311ac0ba680dea9859acd30164a276
f27b11df6427b5a8fa0d45d704245888304e92a5
'2011-09-09T02:26:31-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJF' 'sip-files00122.txt'
a17c0e130576b1455d5ef2f290dc3c4d
f22d5e9a30db2ae1364e4a95a685f7bbf1bd5dbf
'2011-09-09T02:36:59-04:00'
describe
'10560' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJG' 'sip-files00122thm.jpg'
5eaa285940ad949700398db81e9cbb13
2eaf84ed2cd99fcb950c97e2b6d4919a77b4cbc6
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJH' 'sip-files00123.jp2'
e6dde2219ccd0322768cec7027ddf96b
300403d827d4c5330bd18bcc49b157aa71afa90a
'2011-09-09T02:25:21-04:00'
describe
'114696' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJI' 'sip-files00123.jpg'
e6ca9f3ea2a270c2c7f2b15a5eaae555
65034b8519f0db38384fcc471ce1c59437602bb6
'2011-09-09T02:32:47-04:00'
describe
'32535' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJJ' 'sip-files00123.pro'
b86a18e1113ba8db3bf25e9a60e24f24
ab32ae057958c80e4c1172d1adaf117769f486bf
'2011-09-09T02:31:48-04:00'
describe
'38327' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJK' 'sip-files00123.QC.jpg'
fc9f3b861357e9f81ad8226a13ba21fd
4138ffeb5c47a139772045bfe88fd23b3a9caed8
'2011-09-09T02:38:18-04:00'
describe
'2823356' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJL' 'sip-files00123.tif'
7a710092708f19129f344804d0340f00
4a5fb823c974d0588c4e01c970eaa237ca829cb6
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJM' 'sip-files00123.txt'
551d8cf70203f8939b68a3c31c8586eb
d9fe383bd50d4a3817da17c08672f4abc8f26ea4
'2011-09-09T02:39:40-04:00'
describe
'10199' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJN' 'sip-files00123thm.jpg'
3a2df847069738212bca2767ea8e4115
f50d8e95ca07b0fbeeaf4ad826ad31254cc0da9f
describe
'350230' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJO' 'sip-files00124.jp2'
cc0c369fd0bd438f03922ab698a47ea6
bc70b5565c641782270b032a4cb38e64cbee5fdc
'2011-09-09T02:41:40-04:00'
describe
'118279' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJP' 'sip-files00124.jpg'
1c8ea9bb0c82f7ea86382b7579507405
7ec2240ae802bc1cbea84175a7023ee5a8a59b5e
describe
'32341' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJQ' 'sip-files00124.pro'
c36b763d711549adbd19f8dab35cd359
9fbcaaf3df7716549e75a7ebc415d3dad00c38b1
describe
'39297' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJR' 'sip-files00124.QC.jpg'
8b2cb9754c75ecd4d413a78efd720dec
c2ce67f088dd8af692a1ea1a8ba8207f06855d1c
'2011-09-09T02:34:15-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJS' 'sip-files00124.tif'
d9b203ffb79950d809e701f64c0d770b
de4899fdca31cf9277638a3f97879084ee84effb
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJT' 'sip-files00124.txt'
1bf318e0a8dbf8911400fae27fd4d079
767e8794cb6658e337f19e92471cdc5fdd33018f
'2011-09-09T02:24:04-04:00'
describe
'10369' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJU' 'sip-files00124thm.jpg'
b743aa6d31df756726e411d4292f58fe
66526527370d9319e81a2148c02003e0f3ddf244
'2011-09-09T02:37:20-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJV' 'sip-files00125.jp2'
0bd66bfd608cb50da4ce2cfd7140f35a
d10c6454154bf60af39f84e02476b38919cc9595
'2011-09-09T02:27:26-04:00'
describe
'117843' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJW' 'sip-files00125.jpg'
662c46117dd223b8c6c5d254f2d9ce69
c77e5eeb015678172c7e6f2213282dcc7d338a70
'2011-09-09T02:42:06-04:00'
describe
'33446' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJX' 'sip-files00125.pro'
993804f015f1d235463bf35c80a8ba70
edcc1f6aa4b7707ce573997a2828374ff8a303e2
describe
'39126' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJY' 'sip-files00125.QC.jpg'
911e59479f4b437e1064a244632c0840
47d1300b1e938ad7c9d51086007883ddec2141d4
'2011-09-09T02:36:13-04:00'
describe
'2823400' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADJZ' 'sip-files00125.tif'
df37f09d0a24f9de9b24547c210e4030
6650efa04be8b927a796af018e636097c818286c
'2011-09-09T02:26:01-04:00'
describe
'1318' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKA' 'sip-files00125.txt'
903b47046ea51ce4408c6dc0cef5cf0b
3d70fc74dbfdc33608d8fad07f001f4755d4c53c
describe
'10188' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKB' 'sip-files00125thm.jpg'
822ed2dcc1c1fd645aca096dc10c1e25
9902ca34a6c86c32ac5011e165df31013ab6f57c
'2011-09-09T02:37:06-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKC' 'sip-files00126.jp2'
cf1277ff2497c3b3b6b0de8104bfab6b
5e0149f2b8ef66da61fd6573568f637949147be4
'2011-09-09T02:35:47-04:00'
describe
'112769' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKD' 'sip-files00126.jpg'
714acb2a4042099a58b313fd8755aeb2
3c2e101d59f4a7e47db834076b8b995c53b295ee
'2011-09-09T02:29:42-04:00'
describe
'30229' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKE' 'sip-files00126.pro'
57a4158d1e5b9e157f8ab56f6e9ed71e
6c95c038454c877b97a9cb541b5e4fe093420ac7
'2011-09-09T02:23:53-04:00'
describe
'36779' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKF' 'sip-files00126.QC.jpg'
f0ed02f8fc1395eb6ce5b5d26856d811
69913a969d7faf6b35994cf64a958ddd7484c3b8
'2011-09-09T02:43:44-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKG' 'sip-files00126.tif'
698d447410252ce1b97d71abcd9a293b
999ae5059ee641a1eb8b877b5494decf208f4975
'2011-09-09T02:29:41-04:00'
describe
'1190' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKH' 'sip-files00126.txt'
0a4996be5b19632634c0bbf08389eca8
77287ec566763f36d72418d42977a2c24ae35572
describe
'9808' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKI' 'sip-files00126thm.jpg'
d148c172cdeee9218eebcc2cfd1898db
a970a835b4c8cbc65d3ac7c25346d119bd6ff137
'2011-09-09T02:25:37-04:00'
describe
'350203' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKJ' 'sip-files00127.jp2'
fd09014e133aa8463c849d719adbd0ab
4e6c83a2b836d1e39a043e7260fd55339104f984
'2011-09-09T02:38:48-04:00'
describe
'93109' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKK' 'sip-files00127.jpg'
5c150e3af4339a819e8dbdc1143af748
6edbbf8d5de79c138e07b068a0783df49dd075c1
describe
'25215' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKL' 'sip-files00127.pro'
745c8fc3be9747694d48666c224db308
323bb49c850ea0a96d0e4c9aacaccb8245f2598d
'2011-09-09T02:27:49-04:00'
describe
'29367' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKM' 'sip-files00127.QC.jpg'
fccc9133e2cf10660a2d6b70a3d0ff92
ea535cfb0d83a6794b79326be15c7a9898f6b055
describe
'2822428' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKN' 'sip-files00127.tif'
adfc12add3a60383fdbf0fc891e75807
dce1ba4f932dad1b026ad6bf9e94eb9b02a0c614
'2011-09-09T02:33:46-04:00'
describe
'1100' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKO' 'sip-files00127.txt'
b189aaaa20c57cea126ca4b79b4ac2ca
0c296922aea0cc0c55384803872d03427a423a80
'2011-09-09T02:35:24-04:00'
describe
'7959' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKP' 'sip-files00127thm.jpg'
94ea3aca261a02ae62f79b77b93fb4b0
fd48de77cc84c2b68212473b821d97afab3bd8be
'2011-09-09T02:23:26-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKQ' 'sip-files00128.jp2'
d14a604fa97b51bca9532ef635bbcac9
395de2f8699025a9861d1c55a1b7081b44d8b7de
describe
'112498' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKR' 'sip-files00128.jpg'
95171270ff9e52ace26304a1c3256fc2
4f1af65ba5e21992ec0789776b4f0f356a7d5d71
describe
'31022' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKS' 'sip-files00128.pro'
60c43d3eb25c96f2700ebadc9727b9f2
2e612e2bf070d836ce379dbc38805e5ad62a244c
'2011-09-09T02:45:05-04:00'
describe
'38108' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKT' 'sip-files00128.QC.jpg'
3263d370a8171822492054fdf20258ee
1a5ac988e50bd0d811f8dfc4c52f0582f8c815c3
'2011-09-09T02:44:23-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKU' 'sip-files00128.tif'
1c26d8c81445e96f9583cab0e0d396e6
1cad0abbf1d910300ee6e85a541e0d2cfcd9bcae
describe
'1225' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKV' 'sip-files00128.txt'
db2aa6694f7f9b9f2e47b72b8fc9b914
d38c971c15e6c9711354a2e8cfdfcbf046f5da79
describe
'10112' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKW' 'sip-files00128thm.jpg'
8b4f9614a62c6d243ec8e8731b2e20e2
14cb1b532c085493f8862b528b7f3091b86ed6b1
'2011-09-09T02:41:28-04:00'
describe
'350210' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKX' 'sip-files00129.jp2'
1e29bc1f45b4f6b3dd5e26b7747105cc
e733081e708b2057ea90e1577bb22ae3c4f3d12d
'2011-09-09T02:28:43-04:00'
describe
'113147' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKY' 'sip-files00129.jpg'
a3ba1bb279f6bf51dfa3bd3a448d7ca4
c7eff3fc6c435c78814cce65a1c7035136347e65
'2011-09-09T02:23:18-04:00'
describe
'31615' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADKZ' 'sip-files00129.pro'
f8a0efcc1cc93947e67b23ca729c9a5c
d3154d6c8b74dd464715361b37de69b29bf792b2
'2011-09-09T02:34:47-04:00'
describe
'37830' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLA' 'sip-files00129.QC.jpg'
9c4fe62c6afd87be1719863ab588141e
28ab56edddce83973893483a13eb4bcd98d4893a
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLB' 'sip-files00129.tif'
de32ce6f43e5a1a3baee9355b1c80123
48d934627668a92066e1a8d59c25596e871f9d5d
'2011-09-09T02:31:37-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLC' 'sip-files00129.txt'
86f6c44b95d8928c95d69bcc8aba1da4
6ee32ad5da5ad621e7127866cd5a47dc4d6eeab4
describe
'10347' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLD' 'sip-files00129thm.jpg'
84e9c916daf72a1dc20054a478f69a8d
5b9eb56542bd7daee44472c54cd5c988b000b028
'2011-09-09T02:24:47-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLE' 'sip-files00130.jp2'
224cc1c78515f746c64756119ee77acd
d1aaf2bb2f88799cb429233b7c4d313e0e2170f3
describe
'117858' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLF' 'sip-files00130.jpg'
8fdd07e2cde7bf2711bad6fc3c21711d
bfbcb032804005d9e8fd5cd42daabbefe5bfaac8
'2011-09-09T02:41:46-04:00'
describe
'32877' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLG' 'sip-files00130.pro'
fabef7532c03266413692be03acefe3d
dc12837af6065cd3903bef7ec4a34f89911a1dad
'2011-09-09T02:32:26-04:00'
describe
'39747' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLH' 'sip-files00130.QC.jpg'
6c2e1490962256caaee8a61d9ccd62a4
3bfd7e169c8e64e645a43d7c77e0db1bae801515
'2011-09-09T02:24:07-04:00'
describe
'2823164' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLI' 'sip-files00130.tif'
a1cd680e698172f5010ad4ce4cbc9f2f
c63a5e0d69218806ccd2dffe509b4d3d559111fc
'2011-09-09T02:45:27-04:00'
describe
'1292' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLJ' 'sip-files00130.txt'
84f1c828ffdb8673479b7d1fcd6ffdd0
e82299f3eb5beb35e86a97a5c34e888c9aa982bf
describe
'10247' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLK' 'sip-files00130thm.jpg'
80e3a21dd8095de27ebc2fe2c6ec5492
ea0f737858cd00b0d2f9f6fb73669b451933fca1
'2011-09-09T02:33:43-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLL' 'sip-files00131.jp2'
70bb6da57c40365f8faf37ba0fdfee5b
531a2918a71f149892869015c993e64ddb2dc112
describe
'113216' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLM' 'sip-files00131.jpg'
e73273866ab7845a1719ddd2d6d993d6
903b960c6f0b5f62ca25f119eb56b5c8abded2ba
'2011-09-09T02:43:11-04:00'
describe
'31804' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLN' 'sip-files00131.pro'
0ce1fa637299cdcd3cd8021770d70346
40582180a45abf1f69d3e7800f3c239932ce7746
'2011-09-09T02:31:59-04:00'
describe
'38398' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLO' 'sip-files00131.QC.jpg'
8d0c6692c339d7e77697ea52cb0a634b
7b59196bd71f51c41262cf58a3af14283d5d9221
'2011-09-09T02:40:02-04:00'
describe
'2823212' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLP' 'sip-files00131.tif'
7ad4259d699759372e042755c66866e6
21654f22d6f7b9fd203f51d1e08f787f83ba0476
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLQ' 'sip-files00131.txt'
c957fc807a7d9281248663e6caf527f7
9f951d9f11a36fb9235a61c8cacccd08783aaa25
'2011-09-09T02:41:22-04:00'
describe
'10030' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLR' 'sip-files00131thm.jpg'
78d8994e801b722d6947f2ecc4cd8f53
194f298abdc96f1a2438b9d29401a25e1d2bc181
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLS' 'sip-files00132.jp2'
18924216d609e7c096b5196695605881
ae76fac505de05c0e2751ed59872b286aef0dfde
'2011-09-09T02:27:39-04:00'
describe
'111535' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLT' 'sip-files00132.jpg'
4406e235b7a746d8b9236f560e3caf1c
41e9392e09f5c8a02dad6a12227ada5b19228bdc
'2011-09-09T02:28:44-04:00'
describe
'30479' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLU' 'sip-files00132.pro'
6bd493d480ef05cb5fd491b4f120f79b
85af76c56c1cb4dfe44adc620411eb20e551910e
'2011-09-09T02:32:01-04:00'
describe
'37711' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLV' 'sip-files00132.QC.jpg'
b4261e0a5ba84ca6a1f3f2da3507a9d0
2a7e14acb4c2b8b458042215b7ecbeb1fc5fb3a3
'2011-09-09T02:40:43-04:00'
describe
'2823176' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLW' 'sip-files00132.tif'
fd4ad8d6c1377cc357ae2dad6467a37c
c9aabe9d6a7e4fc353277258856f133723f315fc
'2011-09-09T02:24:34-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLX' 'sip-files00132.txt'
810562c84401f4d5724a11439e120505
a870faca460e9861736e57696c34ead3392976e0
'2011-09-09T02:44:09-04:00'
describe
'9951' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLY' 'sip-files00132thm.jpg'
77abce27236584393d727a1292af3b65
b2238d4c2de6613b304d00b579295ece6da9fc55
'2011-09-09T02:43:03-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADLZ' 'sip-files00133.jp2'
4301aa05d6109f2d0f304c7c16a9f320
a37438bdd6edb1bb99588a684e7494831b14f937
describe
'116032' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMA' 'sip-files00133.jpg'
3a2064dbb3a70642ac11f2eb21487e4d
dad2f29dbc9de567382b528b5353945527a391bb
'2011-09-09T02:38:16-04:00'
describe
'32396' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMB' 'sip-files00133.pro'
4639b9f1037c48b23c04d6a980e106e8
9c0a0d8269bb3fa87c6e79f9d6639cf9db19350a
'2011-09-09T02:28:10-04:00'
describe
'38203' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMC' 'sip-files00133.QC.jpg'
15c6d35adb629763bc86a7d7fa479d4f
85c7da48c3740da0251009afa83ee0b9c568d096
'2011-09-09T02:36:20-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMD' 'sip-files00133.tif'
bb63c007e70e16e535a7ebf5d34789b3
0f733e978cc98b49fb9bfc6f09abd90728dd5b1e
'2011-09-09T02:40:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADME' 'sip-files00133.txt'
0a90812a4ab0a3a714d2eea7df6faff6
500ce298ecdcbedf0124e5bf34287aa65bce8541
'2011-09-09T02:43:07-04:00'
describe
'10441' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMF' 'sip-files00133thm.jpg'
43b776b29d961575ffc8eb63bdeb0552
5a9988fb8b862d66fd5acec5a40c34f268c7d7f1
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMG' 'sip-files00134.jp2'
b045a01501d902725bc626b694b11cf7
1ee393fd0f19606ca5ed2298b03986b4d832077a
'2011-09-09T02:39:57-04:00'
describe
'114279' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMH' 'sip-files00134.jpg'
a973b8775c5d78c5f3bc904840c3495d
a257edb59c5bca26144378a3e8d6e0470c591412
describe
'31816' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMI' 'sip-files00134.pro'
18d9e3248897c3a3799276f2a14fb6a5
154a0b51f15df27155af5496c2e149aba6d89f73
describe
'39049' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMJ' 'sip-files00134.QC.jpg'
5884e3d194d4e1e3c511ae157f972209
6543a0c9d1c851bb7684f62b85df32e52f889bee
'2011-09-09T02:44:14-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMK' 'sip-files00134.tif'
71a5868415903c7eaa6c12d71edebeb8
49e9978f75fba6a1f76eccaa41e2bacae6ccf9b6
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADML' 'sip-files00134.txt'
d17ee175a6df7809c6a720a09316325d
4f41cc56d9c9d47ef750edcc81c732c3459d8bd7
describe
'10134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMM' 'sip-files00134thm.jpg'
4f81015835796d1a9ebbcc48552feacb
1282673d0d940d7a9319d42b4f94691488c79450
'2011-09-09T02:28:31-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMN' 'sip-files00135.jp2'
71247b7c91cef6f080f523c24b0d2758
5d2669a256ead04d4057ece07ce2fe1122643592
'2011-09-09T02:42:59-04:00'
describe
'114561' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMO' 'sip-files00135.jpg'
e239351b26ee27ed6fac74c547e0c5b2
a6d1dd77e1a1302f9398c3c47428b32dc451adf6
'2011-09-09T02:25:30-04:00'
describe
'31433' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMP' 'sip-files00135.pro'
6e287b04574cd926ed78e55e5ebdb105
335ae4872af37ef8a46a4d22e2d147e3ee8da247
'2011-09-09T02:28:34-04:00'
describe
'38543' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMQ' 'sip-files00135.QC.jpg'
eac1431af73a7d170fac7dc9736d502d
1dbc58db2cfd0bc46478e3debbd22f948775d6b0
'2011-09-09T02:40:32-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMR' 'sip-files00135.tif'
4e07d0d1d1c226b81a0845574d89be47
8c41cbb11170a4d9beed708daff8f721dc3922d4
'2011-09-09T02:43:37-04:00'
describe
'1240' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMS' 'sip-files00135.txt'
863a5a4838e857a90b7ec96aaf940b2c
bd94b2306dfb5ccf477492a20fc3b69ed157152b
describe
'10038' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMT' 'sip-files00135thm.jpg'
dc9e6dc6f225f3e0808877babc9ce0f1
f0ff9d555f637a22608c52a6ad04e0834f1fce59
describe
'350214' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMU' 'sip-files00136.jp2'
09e8493c3ab2745334c90fb1f8007829
e3b2f2cf802797926c5784d5b6e15c434473c42e
'2011-09-09T02:39:52-04:00'
describe
'113248' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMV' 'sip-files00136.jpg'
87df3800d7c74de375405f638e30d69a
f8bfe91ebcb04667826e4f9cc16da2ae82c09306
describe
'32674' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMW' 'sip-files00136.pro'
6df6875c543faea91d449e810bd36cc9
b0b9488cb501f871958323eee0a260b26a5a56d0
describe
'39025' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMX' 'sip-files00136.QC.jpg'
5eb75074be75064fbf69091eac8fd425
1b84dd902ad0762733718dde4a70c56722001c29
'2011-09-09T02:33:18-04:00'
describe
'2823392' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMY' 'sip-files00136.tif'
7685459816a35048df1163d5e4e229fb
9162b25e94a4c41ecde9c3de2c52a2131bfedf13
'2011-09-09T02:29:16-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADMZ' 'sip-files00136.txt'
7ade18a21902783c1f4e4cfc895e51f2
33f92d5d10593044d92b10fc6d68096ae1754e28
'2011-09-09T02:24:49-04:00'
describe
'10166' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNA' 'sip-files00136thm.jpg'
618dad9b18d9cbb520a6951fcd2ea694
bb407a2e8932c466ea03f16e6944982dc94c8d0b
describe
'350201' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNB' 'sip-files00137.jp2'
fc3c8159d3bd23b79905b08b393ba90c
02f5ea66a6692412dc198fbd3329ab6ebe0a41d3
'2011-09-09T02:31:02-04:00'
describe
'115611' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNC' 'sip-files00137.jpg'
02253c70121f2bd76adad99916a379dc
a8df6b427aa1ff0c0b144a8ea80dfde544958abe
'2011-09-09T02:35:13-04:00'
describe
'32844' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADND' 'sip-files00137.pro'
b6b5b53e4d5e732b986c63e3fdb4cfe3
607226f97944fe0e7d1a3e4e3a5c610977db7a13
'2011-09-09T02:31:52-04:00'
describe
'38405' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNE' 'sip-files00137.QC.jpg'
7aa3da3150f14e9a6afe16402a6e4fdf
ec95aad4d94cf4d0ea9f938e4d3ee572b52256c1
describe
'2823500' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNF' 'sip-files00137.tif'
dabe09619b029584553c5e76cc076090
d66f6426f6b94dc50cc3ed48d0f98c224696e655
describe
'1301' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNG' 'sip-files00137.txt'
d4aff2ed01568405f7707aa85e6c5905
db2c33346d20cdf57189d30a11b7d75009512c18
'2011-09-09T02:35:17-04:00'
describe
'10444' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNH' 'sip-files00137thm.jpg'
ddcadb5d89939ee12f69c53ce01216a1
88c489216f4522a0d3555391365ede390a32c339
'2011-09-09T02:26:59-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNI' 'sip-files00138.jp2'
50e92366241829dc442e66af124073c7
212f81464b3cd0b97de9e91be4c47d0b4e946732
describe
'118060' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNJ' 'sip-files00138.jpg'
951964aaf1a60ee0b5330549813544c6
63e2df1f82bc36b41171dcac6a6617a8fd8ecaac
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNK' 'sip-files00138.pro'
f8728ee91fb5e12a219fc22a6f3366ce
3add474623ffd877ccbef0bc29c67be40b18b9d2
describe
'39134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNL' 'sip-files00138.QC.jpg'
9cab37ad9c8ecc7e70b0d955fa3116b2
c1c17ed787b868a218e5ce86501d00d9a6355bcf
'2011-09-09T02:39:44-04:00'
describe
'2823288' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNM' 'sip-files00138.tif'
96f3a692226a0bd282e9c703eed07442
512d92385a4cd3a8b7d1f727094e3f4c51e28bbb
'2011-09-09T02:29:14-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNN' 'sip-files00138.txt'
454b5de6c8fa22fd5920b37c71173bb4
c2ef0f44e176e42edd3922a92943005acdb41c74
describe
'10299' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNO' 'sip-files00138thm.jpg'
14db8729ac2162d84a6fc0006b31e331
047e83f13780241b3e0f86ea3f157e22119f9d04
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNP' 'sip-files00139.jp2'
807b3443a57b03a713ce1d48cd375f46
22dc525ff78d0466e013e5b0da5148262a6c61ed
'2011-09-09T02:38:20-04:00'
describe
'112649' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNQ' 'sip-files00139.jpg'
14c9094fbf7ab0ea30c69bbc7433ab49
7e3d9c782a40341bfe6320a5094005adde685e61
'2011-09-09T02:36:11-04:00'
describe
'32216' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNR' 'sip-files00139.pro'
91b63c66e278905ae1d691afb2e5ed1a
9ed7ef8c15aad15a128513af220e32ef8b9e0825
describe
'37111' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNS' 'sip-files00139.QC.jpg'
586bcd01829188db60f198e8a2018c1a
ae4f87da142773dee2a8a4ea0d8672f3b576a586
'2011-09-09T02:30:27-04:00'
describe
'2823192' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNT' 'sip-files00139.tif'
abf0bc1b026ed22a7db8a0cc7506d982
bc08b76ed27aa5e5a48a5fb0299321a8a7443d27
'2011-09-09T02:41:25-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNU' 'sip-files00139.txt'
4e67554036c16c9e7f627d1eebf0abe7
33cb42c8feef953f1ebe2d790607a654f24338b1
describe
'10311' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNV' 'sip-files00139thm.jpg'
825416682a65549424ee34c7b267d57c
1e254b0656421d02b402b5b69770ecd23dc49c2e
'2011-09-09T02:43:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNW' 'sip-files00140.jp2'
f086a6b1d74e20d039bee6fcc1023e15
56460f9432571867d07886ea7ffeb7e25a16b21f
describe
'118789' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNX' 'sip-files00140.jpg'
f70b7451193a094bb2141abb333bf360
0eecfa6c2722251d44f4f0e1c08f5c1caa84f879
'2011-09-09T02:32:05-04:00'
describe
'31841' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNY' 'sip-files00140.pro'
621d26a6ec22522f3e83fefef4d696d5
92e73aec71e435be520dca5d5c357a19c8ad25bf
describe
'39815' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADNZ' 'sip-files00140.QC.jpg'
fd2f1fb4aaf8992b26071d347b99324e
2697dd3d55e5dba5adc9a46d8b21f5be96680fa0
'2011-09-09T02:24:42-04:00'
describe
'2823444' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOA' 'sip-files00140.tif'
a05af9e9b8693bae7b051b3ad22ad44b
776db6ecbdd745e950661ae9bdc0fae7627104e1
'2011-09-09T02:43:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOB' 'sip-files00140.txt'
727f836aa2d1e40755277c4934f744c4
5e64cbdd4a6728d0cce5772fd092b14377fa17d6
describe
'10433' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOC' 'sip-files00140thm.jpg'
810c80503815ec91c2be5a14540b219f
aba522ecf65242f67fbda70ead6cbdb4f606bd56
'2011-09-09T02:42:28-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOD' 'sip-files00141.jp2'
d26e04c2219527af8838aee68f9c300e
e74bac51a302f4ab1390e1be1b9f0894e0319d68
describe
'119434' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOE' 'sip-files00141.jpg'
d968e7688bfc8b68afb1de46e98fc5f3
1ce2697c85308e0ec3c89e6d7185af6533c50e97
'2011-09-09T02:23:20-04:00'
describe
'33583' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOF' 'sip-files00141.pro'
0b47ac85ca65256ed5f79ed7a6588f3c
783d2439a855f4ec740c10bb1357675141117e05
describe
'39714' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOG' 'sip-files00141.QC.jpg'
2df73839c57675ee5bf856915fbdfcbd
540af76106fa8fa81fa05f84f6e1b6b439a2e039
describe
'2823440' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOH' 'sip-files00141.tif'
8112807480c4f4d662d9fd494f2fa0fc
7d8961cb365bbd91c15b3710aed562b08581715c
'2011-09-09T02:44:49-04:00'
describe
'1338' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOI' 'sip-files00141.txt'
bb3805e376205c638377e551c6c70275
838ec392ceca8804d070efaf8c3054d659fad628
'2011-09-09T02:38:53-04:00'
describe
'10361' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOJ' 'sip-files00141thm.jpg'
fba44e8edd54449481476e0e458fd7cf
63dbd41a28ab5f159210c617211684278133df92
'2011-09-09T02:29:57-04:00'
describe
'350174' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOK' 'sip-files00142.jp2'
89d8597f4b7175774a9273119937fc47
9778bd639cfe4401deb2bfe0d0e9b56fc0318e90
'2011-09-09T02:30:17-04:00'
describe
'116791' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOL' 'sip-files00142.jpg'
9a89b73133495aa93d66bbefec776f45
4098d765e7cb0dcc464c5f3be83a2b4f2e48d8b8
'2011-09-09T02:36:53-04:00'
describe
'33098' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOM' 'sip-files00142.pro'
2875f21a17dc206481cbee882016465c
a57bff0565f9540bb0276e7e04991d301a43f20f
'2011-09-09T02:30:29-04:00'
describe
'39991' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADON' 'sip-files00142.QC.jpg'
9e26fbb064f57d61de183564fdef3ddb
935d23205c3926db0c6116214c0da06dd05b0b96
'2011-09-09T02:40:48-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOO' 'sip-files00142.tif'
36b80cb179b546b42a89dc249157619b
2ad1086c617d42e9b832076a32febb1a9a8f7d7b
describe
'1308' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOP' 'sip-files00142.txt'
394e13dacf87d2bf9036146172f6c1aa
8b9fb72bb7895110be4c58c081ef314c22dad410
'2011-09-09T02:44:59-04:00'
describe
'10436' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOQ' 'sip-files00142thm.jpg'
30c8f170218019a302289bac940a1249
7cff00914a9c2f6c20b960300d7ac4f8517c0243
'2011-09-09T02:30:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOR' 'sip-files00143.jp2'
f06e1d808ac0e772a511d38f9edaa259
509f755905edda5acca0406acafe64bb1f3275a4
describe
'58127' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOS' 'sip-files00143.jpg'
3c92ead76eedc3d481f363518b005da2
f7ddbd224b3364e1ed6273ea6515499aab4d0952
'2011-09-09T02:35:08-04:00'
describe
'12506' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOT' 'sip-files00143.pro'
b940fa56d6579d4564b5512ae99a796b
7f09860adca2f34c16562f36c1c49b90612a294b
describe
'18187' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOU' 'sip-files00143.QC.jpg'
059688b023d6bea88f4e8f59481adcfd
e28b4a4801386fa82591946e402f84090cffa593
describe
'2820964' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOV' 'sip-files00143.tif'
aebc2be1f6de69f81310fed08a735c42
02f79b9fb79bf2c1ef3c32fabda613aa4fa639db
'2011-09-09T02:29:56-04:00'
describe
'530' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOW' 'sip-files00143.txt'
3b25ac951478c5a4e4a5134569e6367e
f320c1fb57f5f5ae425977a1ec85efe590b64187
describe
'5058' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOX' 'sip-files00143thm.jpg'
d7d1b2a1ea3285873b5b9f1b82a0fc19
8a45aaac1ec29c95753d2c6bc9f413999ddc1f1f
'2011-09-09T02:25:16-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOY' 'sip-files00144.jp2'
0d3a6054707fff10f090c1e5fca521ef
66e32d90a8936fe008a1001f792d541c86aa7b60
describe
'101993' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADOZ' 'sip-files00144.jpg'
fc16b1a86ca38125f8c9519226cb2676
a99271e14cb22faf7cde1376d1d80249be9d40cf
'2011-09-09T02:33:27-04:00'
describe
'29859' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPA' 'sip-files00144.pro'
786e0ad738633c7e987531206ebc5fa1
db5a70eab5865ec5ff54410096b8b29d9cb16cce
'2011-09-09T02:43:21-04:00'
describe
'31608' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPB' 'sip-files00144.QC.jpg'
0203f7b71676a7fbe5274a2f14d91eb9
2bba2e9a2a277bde601da0ec31e28b7b378baabc
'2011-09-09T02:33:25-04:00'
describe
'2822436' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPC' 'sip-files00144.tif'
a74633afc144c9e689b569fccb0dea22
94f701dcf0abcc3de83b10cfd1b58ed1182548b3
'2011-09-09T02:29:17-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPD' 'sip-files00144.txt'
7067dad94b082ff106e586ee0802a38a
c51d9e072be23514bed30ee01fcaaf314df38837
describe
'8237' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPE' 'sip-files00144thm.jpg'
f3105562ff32e0086c7414a9bde5102d
3ca9a01da20458816a25be0e17aa73346f61aca7
describe
'350168' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPF' 'sip-files00145.jp2'
d4521cf2b0401cc87e7e64e5ce438efe
bf462eedd08d7a80d14e4a88d91d7f707cebedaf
describe
'111067' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPG' 'sip-files00145.jpg'
ad08b62be31d2c9b5d3f67e85f1081fd
b09311008a965a2ad5442ef617a3fe6dd0297ecf
'2011-09-09T02:39:47-04:00'
describe
'32164' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPH' 'sip-files00145.pro'
786c470cac109d4707192f30dfece6b3
7319eb90c0713f38df57d2e00cb4ebc6a37c0fc8
'2011-09-09T02:45:07-04:00'
describe
'37770' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPI' 'sip-files00145.QC.jpg'
ee53c948a2e7f0ac2962424442c7ff69
4a039525c39d7a2368475bd75721e2a534e311f5
'2011-09-09T02:39:48-04:00'
describe
'2823284' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPJ' 'sip-files00145.tif'
18e3fed0f22b9f691007c096005f9216
bad546fd30795c4c9d7108fa68942062c78904a5
'2011-09-09T02:38:50-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPK' 'sip-files00145.txt'
15a2e3bbb80e92f4a41c57a01e18d752
1e8e6ef28eae858b7acf3540d8a0dc82a0cf120e
describe
'9727' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPL' 'sip-files00145thm.jpg'
cbb60878f908aaa4ae0ae49c86a0f470
01d5953abf0ade46ca498b8606924cd42bf13cd1
'2011-09-09T02:43:32-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPM' 'sip-files00146.jp2'
26c976902d9e4dd8a7c1106550bbef62
8c5e5feae2f83f4e07481dbbdcb27b02c662280c
'2011-09-09T02:44:06-04:00'
describe
'113781' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPN' 'sip-files00146.jpg'
3a58122936a6bfddb93914edf2c1bcc0
a06fea0c67b17111f3531b39bbc5f02d0f66c054
'2011-09-09T02:39:21-04:00'
describe
'31710' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPO' 'sip-files00146.pro'
172dd5ca9c20891cb2399c825e8bba0b
3fe04e2c316e4a6d41e48baa4d90b295f30e3c79
describe
'38606' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPP' 'sip-files00146.QC.jpg'
356ab0ec3c48efb8a8264d92ca679f4c
16eb87012af5095a44b22244150024a633bc2bf2
'2011-09-09T02:34:37-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPQ' 'sip-files00146.tif'
bfe366ebd3bef2cb323ba906725d5e66
2ff95876caacc767ebb220001d4804aeb44654af
'2011-09-09T02:41:26-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPR' 'sip-files00146.txt'
a5cebe47f363879b81e86798a9b171fc
38861e2ffa8efd505f774e84b03417c2ea7df5be
describe
'10277' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPS' 'sip-files00146thm.jpg'
3bfacf0166dcdd38ee5d066293941cc7
3e55f980182a8d5b007cbfec2c894e7cba1f411f
'2011-09-09T02:37:49-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPT' 'sip-files00147.jp2'
61cd3d038f25be747f1b561f319ca212
bedbb31639fdf84c226c2346c8a3b12bd84190c0
'2011-09-09T02:44:58-04:00'
describe
'111709' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPU' 'sip-files00147.jpg'
352211aa4da3d7e2604c72bd6d133914
69bb906078bb9ccae3cf95bce20c718127d2aedd
'2011-09-09T02:37:45-04:00'
describe
'31106' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPV' 'sip-files00147.pro'
727f2298e27d722ef5e861f1043acd19
d44adfed094674683ef1b812337062031ab175fe
'2011-09-09T02:34:56-04:00'
describe
'37676' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPW' 'sip-files00147.QC.jpg'
e0d271601c5424b1d8f3a038b85f8750
ab0bc1132fe1e7791f832ecc74dc6e83c7fdb49f
'2011-09-09T02:39:29-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPX' 'sip-files00147.tif'
af2ed8f1fc46dbfcf80e99a75825c9e3
7aba1f4481824be5fe2c8a8a90992168862ca6a1
'2011-09-09T02:45:20-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPY' 'sip-files00147.txt'
ac54ce0515ef312883b35edeed007b1c
2d41b2440540778ef6c0a6fea5b40fb2431f47a0
describe
'10178' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADPZ' 'sip-files00147thm.jpg'
5de3e91828c7a6124b70282b2b727027
5677ac3945c8740afb427c7711e8de9b9054b549
'2011-09-09T02:28:56-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQA' 'sip-files00148.jp2'
abfcd52a1718d9fae8dbfe6fbb8ce670
e4063247c722de43ac0780d0db97a7c5d7d67e01
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQB' 'sip-files00148.jpg'
2a2f0cc03d358480ff67b5c13221bd0b
ac92c6a43c11a04f669a88d4ec9c882655ffa9e5
'2011-09-09T02:42:35-04:00'
describe
'31533' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQC' 'sip-files00148.pro'
81ac849fc76040660d2509b1f1d081b4
3983d284d53d39899fcecae1154dc5ab2df56831
'2011-09-09T02:37:05-04:00'
describe
'37903' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQD' 'sip-files00148.QC.jpg'
32872ee1713d4c5105a0869514b2008f
7f099598e98c9f8672004e84bbe64f487b2f7533
describe
'2823292' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQE' 'sip-files00148.tif'
e1005604787a5e1aa8025478d6a1c8c7
6d82982cf0f3d88ae1abd73a06c206c8ddc0d6af
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQF' 'sip-files00148.txt'
f1c15ddb6917476d8df87f459e01c7a6
4aa89ebacf5f83e2fc45499a48fbe022c7ccc185
describe
'10295' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQG' 'sip-files00148thm.jpg'
0211af95fffc237bf72073372b67cf79
3e19f3a9f7b94d4884464c54e883c62d5897db24
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQH' 'sip-files00149.jp2'
1bdc33ae0d6e651e6ec6ad84dfe89573
c13c9ca333d07ec071ffd64012090e35681a06a8
'2011-09-09T02:23:36-04:00'
describe
'113569' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQI' 'sip-files00149.jpg'
c3271eb8cad30aca704b176205a40fe3
ce0665890ae71b96aa34e982049c96c35de40fee
describe
'31714' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQJ' 'sip-files00149.pro'
4ca2e84fb4a2f2f41b2994981fdd823b
e296755abb436649300f1aaaf7a8786510606af5
describe
'39349' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQK' 'sip-files00149.QC.jpg'
48b4f50e13e69174c44b77337ccd7b0b
d68a905b434b374a178225392d4f7dedcfb9714e
describe
'2823372' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQL' 'sip-files00149.tif'
5ce7ced421cd9d22039b3d23b83a7b22
f18c8442881d068627aa8237068bc2ed6d72dd1d
'2011-09-09T02:33:14-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQM' 'sip-files00149.txt'
da3195d78f4a01057dd1f7d235e1fc3f
b53162e5e12ec086510efbcb7f0ab1ca407cf80d
describe
'10011' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQN' 'sip-files00149thm.jpg'
9ae0165500330224cd5fdd11c680dd2e
66fc5250da12fae64682aec79c7604e111b2452d
'2011-09-09T02:33:47-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQO' 'sip-files00150.jp2'
d6473c321bce94018b4025228ddb4764
f0ccc249b7ae7b2bd8a41f1e5dd337919ef0ce20
'2011-09-09T02:35:11-04:00'
describe
'122827' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQP' 'sip-files00150.jpg'
806c4478866caf0aabb20b0ab9108cc0
3f83ff339c0f940c83cc49ca2d4c8ca0d02bccdb
'2011-09-09T02:24:24-04:00'
describe
'32749' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQQ' 'sip-files00150.pro'
aeaef5115dda6dfb1082d9700bd94429
57385794cf723095f471524bffa7403180ee5988
'2011-09-09T02:35:20-04:00'
describe
'40664' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQR' 'sip-files00150.QC.jpg'
8466c6ce730ba7bf76ed9757b4916185
7e583afd503b02389316ec7f0edc2d1028d6943a
'2011-09-09T02:39:25-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQS' 'sip-files00150.tif'
07e352ab27a84cb7e7fe7a9a6fa0b7c9
ed905b98f47342d366dbd62216ebdcca783a8896
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQT' 'sip-files00150.txt'
5f3c8dd66963935c9b1ea66d53d20379
f415a38aa8c24baf7d8c8287ddd59846db50afed
'2011-09-09T02:24:18-04:00'
describe
'10733' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQU' 'sip-files00150thm.jpg'
70c0104841a0d3e1d11a2f8ce5f4fd16
9c6517030a3f5236b87d5bfcc1173e1125f1e0b3
describe
'350236' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQV' 'sip-files00151.jp2'
b38d5eb9254db58e50b8a3cee0bffa1b
acd56b1e67b515805bf12631465f601d9fa79092
'2011-09-09T02:36:03-04:00'
describe
'122817' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQW' 'sip-files00151.jpg'
b8c7afe4a478d13a3cc977c8fbe6aedf
f9bf72ebdc81817e63b6c12ca733395d6f8da93c
'2011-09-09T02:33:45-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQX' 'sip-files00151.pro'
d94ced18301f5e877a82dee138956452
fd0b3fc0d64b94e90c52b639a84356aa479b0cc2
describe
'41043' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQY' 'sip-files00151.QC.jpg'
d9a175c43807d4ba6edcdb860097b707
d76b42998ceb342b923f49f06209e3f823affa6b
describe
'2823492' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADQZ' 'sip-files00151.tif'
fe779faacd0fda5ce144260aecffc418
b2b313dad5caf4626f4de66e41d9d485afb24350
describe
'1281' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRA' 'sip-files00151.txt'
e0fa1e7344b6ae0b84dee897c99907cb
131c33518781286a45c17542dd73df5ff03482a9
'2011-09-09T02:42:57-04:00'
describe
'10411' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRB' 'sip-files00151thm.jpg'
50e8bd123caace85fc9def0dd4aa9a64
f407633c344ca8b0098df8c0731128e64682c48b
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRC' 'sip-files00152.jp2'
201de0d8c7b786d85ddd40a1a8337437
3f216d099c3883072b853050894a6cb48fc2fdba
'2011-09-09T02:40:36-04:00'
describe
'116789' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRD' 'sip-files00152.jpg'
b010e7278b83830fda63415b376a49d6
77efa8eaa7f61b25715cd8f8171c8f12f7ef1b16
'2011-09-09T02:41:30-04:00'
describe
'32319' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRE' 'sip-files00152.pro'
251223ce3f901484e4d6c1fb6dc22163
66bad2df0deca079420154890a78cd5d2ccefe08
describe
'39050' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRF' 'sip-files00152.QC.jpg'
3edf4063803ff90a177ad0c48f868a5e
fa3af952b724cff793caa5fe96626ebd8e546a8a
'2011-09-09T02:28:19-04:00'
describe
'2823420' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRG' 'sip-files00152.tif'
3517760775a8a6561379b075787be941
4848c59e05c73c005b8ed502e725f783e32df834
'2011-09-09T02:39:08-04:00'
describe
'1275' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRH' 'sip-files00152.txt'
bdad4f621fde0a0af172ef5c3d1c16c3
8d9b207006b31a48ba4d7ccdf506665a8da8857f
'2011-09-09T02:31:30-04:00'
describe
'10509' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRI' 'sip-files00152thm.jpg'
256d603d39cc32f4e930edb2c5c1985d
1b425bcd371b256d93d6da6405d20ca8e75274aa
'2011-09-09T02:31:36-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRJ' 'sip-files00153.jp2'
366850ba714789768fe692429d6845fe
9daa9beb703aacc59adbdfa12fc2cd6fd3f44f40
describe
'119705' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRK' 'sip-files00153.jpg'
e3db3ac95fc3c8bc9522c40105f05c99
214a7ca9f7fc7f13fcaf6520bf21caaefab0047a
'2011-09-09T02:28:53-04:00'
describe
'33342' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRL' 'sip-files00153.pro'
f0717c9b50437e0af5fa0b389674c0f8
0d6bfcb762eeeabf128b25b56a8982a2bbcab3a3
describe
'39296' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRM' 'sip-files00153.QC.jpg'
a2070694375810996a4675de4fddab3f
a48ecebca68156f1c6554a3af70699f9e207cb07
'2011-09-09T02:27:11-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRN' 'sip-files00153.tif'
059d6bc2e0e9e47d936576576acacffd
0e1c748e40bf5689ac681d11c98b55c9e5d74527
'2011-09-09T02:40:04-04:00'
describe
'1334' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRO' 'sip-files00153.txt'
017fe691aec13a9e8d65348fd0178644
86d4ac599752e88af63e7dd6307025ad2d3fab08
'2011-09-09T02:39:53-04:00'
describe
'10392' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRP' 'sip-files00153thm.jpg'
841bf8c3eafbd657fa379c660dd731a9
f199626846ade9c0147469f43f2523a1270836cf
'2011-09-09T02:25:18-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRQ' 'sip-files00154.jp2'
580823cec221fb1c93290f49bc23a51a
cfbbe2e18cde3008d58056af5e2d7f36cd979f82
'2011-09-09T02:27:48-04:00'
describe
'118974' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRR' 'sip-files00154.jpg'
60deff2db66a44c35c8b46dc52a3fc88
0c792a6f262cf56ce0b5ffd93a88b4f219a972c6
'2011-09-09T02:24:16-04:00'
describe
'32613' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRS' 'sip-files00154.pro'
1f87072b33bbc2a3888c3ceaa5f4f59d
1b14251b12a36b575d11f48c3236c2422b6f85a3
describe
'39275' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRT' 'sip-files00154.QC.jpg'
f950eb720fbb206e1fce3bb3ed48a4e3
e2fe1e36f983e161ee0c1db7540ef9a1856c9480
'2011-09-09T02:38:24-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRU' 'sip-files00154.tif'
362183c6e587f794240771e48af06ee9
1e45532dbca781f5908f9db9572e4e1e599939b9
'2011-09-09T02:27:14-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRV' 'sip-files00154.txt'
a31947cebec95337a3e2d49426c7a1d0
4c73220ca5fe97a18ddd49efdad0b5396c38196d
'2011-09-09T02:31:46-04:00'
describe
'10610' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRW' 'sip-files00154thm.jpg'
53d5e3e10a70e31c7be46497e481e237
1d232172c5e1d332a0bba026e4efdaed7a23704f
'2011-09-09T02:41:27-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRX' 'sip-files00155.jp2'
c8e792d77fdc3debb34bbab15f8b5ea4
c62ce9bcd81b0a5561a0d4756501c899b5b195f0
'2011-09-09T02:33:11-04:00'
describe
'117481' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRY' 'sip-files00155.jpg'
c6b2aa16deb8db538bec9b595bd3c599
e03f1702bd2a9f1dfce63a7ffc97208aea0b9269
describe
'31522' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADRZ' 'sip-files00155.pro'
102725fdeef68d632095aa23718e4738
25456bda013082eabb2b7bb46a19d76d5ec7295e
'2011-09-09T02:36:12-04:00'
describe
'38838' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSA' 'sip-files00155.QC.jpg'
9dca569b7a9dec5f9fc5144655883d81
9db93e8f22f10fe766a4eeff243e8b8f8b2d14f7
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSB' 'sip-files00155.tif'
96dd9affb922c7dd9f1f1a34cc47224f
71fcc494c6a30f63ff48f4ba281471ccb70a6a5b
'2011-09-09T02:42:01-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSC' 'sip-files00155.txt'
3e9f909b7de44abcff9397b2c23be6bd
b6aa0b599635998a5f2d9f8113c769743940f770
describe
'10140' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSD' 'sip-files00155thm.jpg'
f52b5ae2469373d4d01814ac1d8456f9
9aacb0ff16f619a40119cb17720f2e86467b0896
'2011-09-09T02:40:28-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSE' 'sip-files00156.jp2'
e6b92106722da6d4fe66fb38c1fcc8aa
e5c009917b8e9f659c136eede71005bc1001363a
describe
'124167' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSF' 'sip-files00156.jpg'
f2d172a8bbf293bf0a238f83d432d087
11c7f0bae38cf07817a347a11d8ea17b29cec3d7
'2011-09-09T02:28:07-04:00'
describe
'33068' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSG' 'sip-files00156.pro'
650f7553f29f59f43eec22068ff2fc55
87d8e4dae4c124b3165cee9e8e78f6c8ad27e2bf
'2011-09-09T02:32:28-04:00'
describe
'41181' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSH' 'sip-files00156.QC.jpg'
bc835f05f304e2010342da307cbe00b4
7387f8f33b0145aa31b5bac43b1917df236400e4
'2011-09-09T02:36:41-04:00'
describe
'2823548' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSI' 'sip-files00156.tif'
990babf2bc9b51988aeeb74ff681ce50
7585826cc4313fbf3dab9d9e5b2d154a116a0308
'2011-09-09T02:24:59-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSJ' 'sip-files00156.txt'
d3336211236c6ec3d25a90b1a50ebe27
7f70d56869b56b4bcfea6c27dd839f7035ad6ca0
'2011-09-09T02:36:30-04:00'
describe
'10840' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSK' 'sip-files00156thm.jpg'
0cbb485642e4001e5f527788c83c2642
96cd0c99822dd7b82f7aeff3a3369cd1d8725c2c
'2011-09-09T02:36:51-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSL' 'sip-files00157.jp2'
0047a20e8fe154faf1e488feeceb7778
ca90edda7b6498fae5872df8c0f44f7347887503
'2011-09-09T02:44:13-04:00'
describe
'119583' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSM' 'sip-files00157.jpg'
22bcf2c6b9a26106e6efa29e315fa4b8
d566d843954b818067545f83b9ffefc2b8c4310b
'2011-09-09T02:44:50-04:00'
describe
'31007' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSN' 'sip-files00157.pro'
69f9d10e80dc6446153a8b49ea9a1a38
f77a0cd4c41d4525e0599c9b736e70ca8f740a39
describe
'40535' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSO' 'sip-files00157.QC.jpg'
510dada483527f12d5fce6cb3aaf7dfa
83bfc4c9f363ea5c95a8f7fe780b3632c7c4b919
describe
'2823584' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSP' 'sip-files00157.tif'
a3705bce56c4a90613eefdd155ba4a7d
749fae620b6964878e21d7e73fda01013e58a941
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSQ' 'sip-files00157.txt'
14ddc415e8f696d80a4935e04bc60223
66af99167ba10bd7aa483e0f95c96575fb3acc32
'2011-09-09T02:42:20-04:00'
describe
'10615' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSR' 'sip-files00157thm.jpg'
5de98bd159b9cbaef4fbb77e4dd0bcdb
e582d6a35af5d224e183099c2424da8e2ad41853
describe
'350134' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSS' 'sip-files00158.jp2'
a8ae29b1dc308d08344a266b9c1dc219
bd3edd5d3edec1e766e245204b2cbbe72dbfcb11
'2011-09-09T02:44:41-04:00'
describe
'118039' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADST' 'sip-files00158.jpg'
01eeaceb1370f947b799852c93c72290
515930191ed5f886ff46d0611efac30dfe611de6
describe
'31953' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSU' 'sip-files00158.pro'
bbd086c25064369698a8a8c85f694e95
b9d0d6e2e1097f96684e6734689c7bb32fd23c39
'2011-09-09T02:24:23-04:00'
describe
'40063' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSV' 'sip-files00158.QC.jpg'
539ab71da9e4403636b0270b391f2a73
4641b41bb210a7dee20448a0425eb7e725d39078
'2011-09-09T02:44:07-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSW' 'sip-files00158.tif'
2c79989f2e6735e9d3313d13f17462df
66c545e0b2795092ed527d52378b91b490b3f4c2
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSX' 'sip-files00158.txt'
81072a01c305fd9fb68fc07082f58e27
9a7834f329b996cc72792eba335074007cf869f8
describe
'10756' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSY' 'sip-files00158thm.jpg'
ce376bbb5edca6607bb27cc83379601c
9dac72b0129370729088b58f24b78a906323b4fa
'2011-09-09T02:44:12-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADSZ' 'sip-files00159.jp2'
20f424af0711beb7c715a292a73a5124
8d4c9783efeecd42c62372bf86e0257a43700e9a
'2011-09-09T02:37:30-04:00'
describe
'113240' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTA' 'sip-files00159.jpg'
a4c71364acb11b464a1bceb614c431ce
5b77ef7bde072edfe473e3d7cd95e1b6db9083d6
'2011-09-09T02:44:51-04:00'
describe
'31339' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTB' 'sip-files00159.pro'
29427d6d04e642793f140eeac39859e0
14cf392e04527ecffea57118a589a961042b8865
'2011-09-09T02:25:23-04:00'
describe
'37681' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTC' 'sip-files00159.QC.jpg'
95cbbc13d59cbd5e41651bba1a3782fd
9688ce3ed472790c8782cb7b6a6df5e1365b8765
describe
'2823388' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTD' 'sip-files00159.tif'
754cf82657d39582315080327e6640bf
1b95e3cc809b8f12ddc6676caace2b7c20a345f8
'2011-09-09T02:29:43-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTE' 'sip-files00159.txt'
d1bffb670e07c9fdef95937d2c1a7ae7
5f4194e26b0bfa1186d1f8ee48adaac48d877a8c
'2011-09-09T02:40:22-04:00'
describe
'10096' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTF' 'sip-files00159thm.jpg'
56d53ed0a787a9de00747896750dc23e
849e1c559dee60d67cbff8061826ce6640e9b6c1
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTG' 'sip-files00160.jp2'
80e58456bde6a6eb3bf1447737c83299
21e85b57a62ad24497837c0652af399c11223ca2
'2011-09-09T02:38:32-04:00'
describe
'122549' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTH' 'sip-files00160.jpg'
82142284365edd3f22a6a81cb3375f6a
3a471f9eff00af162161374dd7569d6879712748
'2011-09-09T02:37:36-04:00'
describe
'32359' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTI' 'sip-files00160.pro'
152d1479088d225095d6c0088cc7423b
832c85b47c7744ef7db7ef6c5511d6448da74036
'2011-09-09T02:41:24-04:00'
describe
'40013' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTJ' 'sip-files00160.QC.jpg'
d8bb120bec7e57b3cda95910563015f8
3e4077c04e68a143b9d5e5e58d43eb5280cea7a0
'2011-09-09T02:29:05-04:00'
describe
'2823624' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTK' 'sip-files00160.tif'
74f68e8507626b57dae19952f52463ec
e494602bafdbdf679564e3c1046af7e876e3a76b
'2011-09-09T02:36:32-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTL' 'sip-files00160.txt'
40cdb7f096a397ee7da387230ccb833b
c46d0bec366443de6462ce88cc43023775fb07df
'2011-09-09T02:27:02-04:00'
describe
'10860' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTM' 'sip-files00160thm.jpg'
a3568e8a0cdab0cd0ee22c2449eef5b9
aab426731d231a35abc907213e95e1736df64c24
'2011-09-09T02:37:16-04:00'
describe
'350213' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTN' 'sip-files00161.jp2'
ff3198dbef8a8582649f4ca6861d1581
f87ddf824d7b6c362a72c630715d41798b3f8c6b
'2011-09-09T02:31:12-04:00'
describe
'119461' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTO' 'sip-files00161.jpg'
887c76264dfecd1f68352d6aeb7bca9c
7c277c2fdb3d8579d8fab593db2213610e4cfaa2
'2011-09-09T02:39:24-04:00'
describe
'30555' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTP' 'sip-files00161.pro'
295bc116342900989a156db944c133b2
71b7189bb0782e6d75f45b8104b8c93ba08ae2f8
describe
'39883' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTQ' 'sip-files00161.QC.jpg'
6191aa1d21f7ba56c20ed58169f09951
07158b7e9d94f497d0ff8c5cf6f4f3edd023092c
'2011-09-09T02:34:50-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTR' 'sip-files00161.tif'
a246b3285860565c313bdd9f3b8d1ef0
242b4ff74c0d748ed3f90a499c4ab56899f0996c
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTS' 'sip-files00161.txt'
f018aa70ec7512bd71aeebc9c151b3bc
a2f38fd20c4d9d7711e119fcce57ca7689252f15
describe
'10529' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTT' 'sip-files00161thm.jpg'
e134c307952cde06c39de87c04bdd92b
d6f839128a07f3295147324ddb9733458a1be614
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTU' 'sip-files00162.jp2'
f2d0cded071eef2ba06a29027cb63a37
7b37470b0a0ba1533bd9c92502e6b7095c704967
'2011-09-09T02:29:44-04:00'
describe
'116244' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTV' 'sip-files00162.jpg'
b14a03ecf854637c328bea0551f6e8d3
e9d70033dbc25f76db3a98b6ec355369657020c8
'2011-09-09T02:36:45-04:00'
describe
'31876' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTW' 'sip-files00162.pro'
bd2bee34247a18409514593560229379
742f1933b99a2a7ff2548db845b1ac1fbfa84806
describe
'38563' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTX' 'sip-files00162.QC.jpg'
bd08d0dea684e5680579db2cde6c9a45
db961ebd8ac8855b4fa086bd4318069878ac75f6
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTY' 'sip-files00162.tif'
703db4dc6ebf46645cb00101c2073aba
5b0582b5acc03b8733f42757f2e21133d6837307
describe
'1271' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADTZ' 'sip-files00162.txt'
ed0ed81cca7bf6ce2b0bb3fe39bd01b3
85e5d9df888717fa33de4508029d4844591d637d
describe
'10270' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUA' 'sip-files00162thm.jpg'
5dfed9ddbc6f42cf36c0bd262a910996
dd5658ffd46a35a273523701b725c8b4206a15a7
describe
'350190' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUB' 'sip-files00163.jp2'
395591616d83784d13ccb93b6a860012
13b228b62e3ca50560162c4b78115adfa301940a
'2011-09-09T02:36:02-04:00'
describe
'112987' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUC' 'sip-files00163.jpg'
22b01def8597a54a747d08c438170c34
42b1ad293cad97d829b9bfd48611188105abfe8e
describe
'32458' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUD' 'sip-files00163.pro'
8f87f1006f3c7346b67b1f46533040d3
a8e6f2ae96c85c23d68ff44670b6a0c52e160cfc
describe
'37043' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUE' 'sip-files00163.QC.jpg'
2d2eff07b3fe4fd83b4fc4bc5568cf2a
c919ffa54b3c5553d8c52fa1f2fee8d71fef1577
describe
'2823068' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUF' 'sip-files00163.tif'
4eed16c600ce51908a827ed2b6836ccc
de49b6160f5d0d917c5da787e915e07295cf3016
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUG' 'sip-files00163.txt'
a9be783c8b7c9be1ea4ee1146d0fcaa4
55b1843c3a155a51a1e24811cecf2a0aa6407976
'2011-09-09T02:27:51-04:00'
describe
'9698' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUH' 'sip-files00163thm.jpg'
35623d4746a0aef9f33397642555de6b
43b12b151dce656e4e5f5eb699336dac23bd2edd
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUI' 'sip-files00164.jp2'
949bb4274edad44c528690693ca4d496
e7b18fa7235d8c87679c0c61ab429966ae0e51c3
'2011-09-09T02:38:56-04:00'
describe
'117356' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUJ' 'sip-files00164.jpg'
e088f27e62cb739218656ce352d140c4
0ef66716606be364f45c5c123bd601c07fe96628
describe
'33499' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUK' 'sip-files00164.pro'
044bd131dc3bb3bdd08067794c9898f4
8ede5e5595c99784c2b0eee41ef1cf3960463c58
'2011-09-09T02:39:51-04:00'
describe
'39290' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUL' 'sip-files00164.QC.jpg'
a7117e6a51266e91e5f1cdd60b062856
54effc2df5dca357fe4e7cea5727fe51888cc9f9
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUM' 'sip-files00164.tif'
674ec9812f9fd25b0a99881d43ea79b1
1d345badd3c55142252058c8711cda686c917001
'2011-09-09T02:43:12-04:00'
describe
'1313' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUN' 'sip-files00164.txt'
69248f56d4d8b66ee34427cfcd89b28b
79082672e5b1ab413711964acc1630bdfb1cbe6c
describe
'10432' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUO' 'sip-files00164thm.jpg'
f5503d14323d4cd52b57755fcb9b74c5
823ab37d121dfff2d6c662e80f09d09c0d1f2e3c
'2011-09-09T02:33:07-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUP' 'sip-files00165.jp2'
84df84ef19ac2f7dfd8e65d0d39dceb8
39e9a89e79b8655bf2ba3b72eab4867f36ee9373
describe
'66305' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUQ' 'sip-files00165.jpg'
148795bdc85605fa5940a223cc641f1d
2d218cdaee63b106648a85c55f9265ecd712b013
describe
'15108' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUR' 'sip-files00165.pro'
02576c6df9eef9e29da8e634061c39e9
03320d77950c7a7cc30c7ef6ee299b515d6625d7
describe
'21708' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUS' 'sip-files00165.QC.jpg'
79a9f7bf13a4e867081db3346f018259
fcbdfff466f3a74ca083068083ce266fcf2108de
describe
'2821356' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUT' 'sip-files00165.tif'
11b3aca48039d2c04bf463e9e13d07f7
9275a27353165f931190269210af91eaf7864900
describe
'635' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUU' 'sip-files00165.txt'
c4851e201e8d566719ebfc91cbf165f3
6c986e4982a601802128f03387050e80d8f774c3
describe
'5756' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUV' 'sip-files00165thm.jpg'
31507b5052c656b2c28ff16a426ad864
1303af8f5a512230cd7f2c8d6b8af627bb6ad7ae
'2011-09-09T02:44:17-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUW' 'sip-files00166.jp2'
5724a81875f156468f954fdfc7deadd0
26b183c0356e843caa6833015bbf5fb1605fce03
'2011-09-09T02:32:34-04:00'
describe
'88668' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUX' 'sip-files00166.jpg'
9f5f66edc0137f704c951dc31ed20562
0bd514e3737faa9c348903335ab2ee9baf63267e
describe
'23397' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUY' 'sip-files00166.pro'
54068d85d0834e1b37899c239646565a
5f916584ad20adb4388410d05c74a54cbed9ea92
describe
'28055' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADUZ' 'sip-files00166.QC.jpg'
29b54fcf3a7d57086d69349cf0e52bc8
2775191ce5f579b46a720af0be83a38661705493
describe
'2822164' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVA' 'sip-files00166.tif'
8a774f670949781f5f7e9a2e13db2149
83175bf6904f6f8484996d5f128b4b134dd4c4b9
describe
'1068' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVB' 'sip-files00166.txt'
5ca8c318f4a3e8b5309b397aa8fa51e1
143b68cee54fde1f17d09193c70c88d3ab48dccc
describe
'7568' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVC' 'sip-files00166thm.jpg'
31aa71b016e4778b222bfedcd575be00
b3ef73940207419a15acd4186080524c4f56c413
describe
'350183' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVD' 'sip-files00167.jp2'
1ac47f00bd75dd17dcbd454f155d463f
cb8741fa2032ea1197d2e0f278ef3ce2a7aafe03
describe
'114893' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVE' 'sip-files00167.jpg'
29fa9ac7094dfd4315984bf027c9ed85
13bb521d860a8f8f6fd936a5f7226b993860bf6b
'2011-09-09T02:33:22-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVF' 'sip-files00167.pro'
cd3fc561e756da508e643a8f4cc2e9c1
c17f695a24413d6404803b2617fded8dff0e2ecf
'2011-09-09T02:38:08-04:00'
describe
'39173' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVG' 'sip-files00167.QC.jpg'
d82da7fafa0b38b62c7441535b67753c
bbe3bdd34f23a3ac00fda28a659bbee44d43c6da
'2011-09-09T02:24:22-04:00'
describe
'2823364' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVH' 'sip-files00167.tif'
46be6772536293876cec1f709bbd3374
98a85880ca6239e07b345ac58b3e14cee1e96eab
'2011-09-09T02:40:00-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVI' 'sip-files00167.txt'
a191298f9e4503fe3da4c198ab0e720f
2cda29682729380beaf7b3bab76920b1180b69c7
'2011-09-09T02:31:51-04:00'
describe
'10301' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVJ' 'sip-files00167thm.jpg'
0ecd294b757df65d629c8ff710e22fdf
d2fe92816426e870919d435643fc6e22016c7d2e
'2011-09-09T02:37:08-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVK' 'sip-files00168.jp2'
90a9a6348db7b7932555f683e42a43de
690454ca085cc28a13466132a0f1c2d67e179a85
describe
'119876' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVL' 'sip-files00168.jpg'
069b74b42709230ba403f9c5306ebfa5
a1f0e3bda576767df1b7e565e817f26414f976f8
describe
'32701' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVM' 'sip-files00168.pro'
606d53193c316303ef02c14e0d416773
7881394e297fbd6b5dc9150bc703cd86cd25916f
describe
'39792' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVN' 'sip-files00168.QC.jpg'
4c2f421e09aa43ac8ad2a09d29ab5e2d
85c418c4cde4d67491941335a1b5399584361639
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVO' 'sip-files00168.tif'
fd46db52525ec036d8a871d257966e7c
a3c3a74463154929983f0b66b2ee146c8cd09dfe
'2011-09-09T02:29:59-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVP' 'sip-files00168.txt'
76930b0453acbff7c48ff8c348b8bdaf
9d7dce17d1e197bd96269da53ce99be2122a376f
describe
'10577' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVQ' 'sip-files00168thm.jpg'
9f314dc29c06545333c3451a0ddde204
f8c85bf5544315ff272da0fb7c08983d9ee85fed
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVR' 'sip-files00169.jp2'
b295cbd28627923fb6bbed045300bd8e
308e3649b3d0cac516cd8a2398c34e42d848ba9c
'2011-09-09T02:29:40-04:00'
describe
'117921' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVS' 'sip-files00169.jpg'
c9a1605c04fa65e45c3b461d3bc2d245
0087fd254c4c291ba9512712f7a3978e34172da2
describe
'32325' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVT' 'sip-files00169.pro'
88a08e3b1a127623499334e9c8dad20f
b45af92064f21c8d1c4f536cf1d4854ccb2884a2
'2011-09-09T02:36:16-04:00'
describe
'39800' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVU' 'sip-files00169.QC.jpg'
d744be95f83fbd863bab50ba9d39c261
ad043dbc312d10c5270951b2e37d9550105b8644
'2011-09-09T02:32:04-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVV' 'sip-files00169.tif'
eae92eb68d23a3d65c435c6660f038c0
9013dec35098e0fb09b35cb83fb479af87d7f09c
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVW' 'sip-files00169.txt'
dec5ad21df250047bf6715e391b271a0
0509267322d95bc1056157eb6cc588b440cc115b
describe
'10220' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVX' 'sip-files00169thm.jpg'
8b48604c6e66fecf2305209c3c0bd547
45258094a4d70c9e5e94b9151fce2908b42ea3f5
describe
'350207' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVY' 'sip-files00170.jp2'
08a7cf649bc1b090294c48a95c245542
6cd7f27e44954c1d258a0a9b5d18bbd7851d08ac
describe
'117390' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADVZ' 'sip-files00170.jpg'
d08f1bd8cf72a36169aa52ed836e2daa
a1278ca9026a748005479ab14a44d16ae61f43b4
describe
'31942' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWA' 'sip-files00170.pro'
b9592577c1680d0ecbbf23f5227623c4
f8ea9d26850727c22d001e357199cac93eec71d9
describe
'38759' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWB' 'sip-files00170.QC.jpg'
e4ae8da6c22da9ebf719c81f19076a8c
d495a90ab345f168938fdebd58b1b592512553be
describe
'2822880' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWC' 'sip-files00170.tif'
617e7ad276736f54766ad59dd5960d81
4a0232c1d5c63228fbeb1a6165a554da0a011c31
'2011-09-09T02:31:04-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWD' 'sip-files00170.txt'
0b9c03071ddca48ac2b86b0db3b3549a
86d2148f1ce9255404a216366c2bfc4b27fa5805
'2011-09-09T02:24:17-04:00'
describe
'10020' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWE' 'sip-files00170thm.jpg'
9cedf975f4a3fbaf4c8c5b36677dafac
fec20fc8ba496da68158ebf98af877162148d7f6
'2011-09-09T02:27:19-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWF' 'sip-files00171.jp2'
9af70105a984b5800d930302133bc7bc
8ec2b917b65cc6f5b5fbe5dd15ff27a9e844af13
'2011-09-09T02:26:20-04:00'
describe
'116084' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWG' 'sip-files00171.jpg'
5678bf984693684913cd841d7185e55f
29a197899f66e50d80db12c543a6bcd1c66bf828
'2011-09-09T02:33:40-04:00'
describe
'32764' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWH' 'sip-files00171.pro'
037a2e3a16a6e0e988ea983649975483
306ab2b3821c8e6a94b1d2dc1d7488d572698b6b
describe
'38233' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWI' 'sip-files00171.QC.jpg'
7e44120af266ded51960a6a25581922e
dc76b94fb1a883fd766d4abd5e431463c8870720
'2011-09-09T02:27:54-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWJ' 'sip-files00171.tif'
38e4e12852e229d98781c480ef1e9835
65103744d0232357ed6008f4905c40de99b208b7
'2011-09-09T02:27:24-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWK' 'sip-files00171.txt'
3182e40f59a82342a632e2ccd9d308dd
b62dbbfd8588d15773bbdf2a377bfc4ab8ddb1cf
'2011-09-09T02:37:53-04:00'
describe
'10240' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWL' 'sip-files00171thm.jpg'
4a8a4a5f989096076315fb3c8892cdb8
813edbc2f0923b38a6fa50dc5433723c09831b44
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWM' 'sip-files00172.jp2'
26ec4cde33875a54e8f89feda4ca8bf5
9bef9a65f3f6300d212fdc851c62ed479db9bb31
describe
'120187' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWN' 'sip-files00172.jpg'
4922faea9ad4353733a1c755483a5729
e6f4053cd04cae59169c1f3acd8cc584e4ab2619
'2011-09-09T02:24:58-04:00'
describe
'32138' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWO' 'sip-files00172.pro'
7a5a6d3225e6c94d84eff3b394683459
97dbb27b9d8d756a7fe1959059652356f4625679
describe
'39642' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWP' 'sip-files00172.QC.jpg'
8c62058958401d08433e6474ea10a8cd
ac7cd59938b892bfc8e57a9ce7f2c27e92f7746f
'2011-09-09T02:37:58-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWQ' 'sip-files00172.tif'
f2fda54928c093c2ae4f34818fd9e624
1ab5ec8a86dc0e80d0371b19234a45775fe5a8e6
'2011-09-09T02:42:07-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWR' 'sip-files00172.txt'
4f614bf4fb134f2feaa1aaec8c331b1b
0ebda3d37c3843a95041fa9254e1e094c5304590
'2011-09-09T02:29:29-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWS' 'sip-files00172thm.jpg'
449e89ed68e62efe145ac7bc02635cf8
0606398ab4e35b74d03856aa98c33c28730c0baa
'2011-09-09T02:30:05-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWT' 'sip-files00173.jp2'
b0d050733b0befdfff9fc7e6696dda30
f1ece0c722ac3172c05fdee9c95f9a57ffc52163
describe
'116707' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWU' 'sip-files00173.jpg'
dd07989d40629c7105a89ef97cadec25
40f6f2c109bebe36c8e9776009eebd1227d83f0b
'2011-09-09T02:37:29-04:00'
describe
'32559' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWV' 'sip-files00173.pro'
10ba007b635f7ff5fe650f355dbcf98c
9287773e4e0eb83c1fe2dd31d193899e399aef28
describe
'38827' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWW' 'sip-files00173.QC.jpg'
7bd1fb7d77a5f24f057933acfa015149
e840386603734a01b822c705fe94209a206d95c6
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWX' 'sip-files00173.tif'
80a42af26a34fd0f934bef521d66a0ea
e87f7cfccb02d2ca11e162edcdbd4dbcf848c0c0
'2011-09-09T02:32:38-04:00'
describe
'1290' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWY' 'sip-files00173.txt'
fcf1401c306284b12f53ee9ede2082a6
80728728bfff476db1ce5bcc542d15c2c04586c1
'2011-09-09T02:42:16-04:00'
describe
Invalid character
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADWZ' 'sip-files00173thm.jpg'
1daea0e13b41d1d24fa13a6eac6d0a35
8e73e67de3452f047abdd1171ff58f5772cdd14b
'2011-09-09T02:45:28-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXA' 'sip-files00174.jp2'
08344ced9a89ff2e4b572e1c4e347a51
0537427feafd33d8dac22eb8d9d43b2e3fe1f0fb
describe
'117663' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXB' 'sip-files00174.jpg'
7014b32a3d3c9bf9da4fd43327dd57f8
31771f723e705401260f0d0d684b4150cc990483
describe
'33053' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXC' 'sip-files00174.pro'
0f1cc0e3c3a3592d685713016cfe3179
1114b0ace1399ba3dc25ff8c4339cfacb6fd68a8
'2011-09-09T02:32:11-04:00'
describe
'39068' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXD' 'sip-files00174.QC.jpg'
415211a51c4e04a274e9753949a2611e
82b1d32088b0922658be8305feb0cb8768047782
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXE' 'sip-files00174.tif'
60a665de7b39514a5320469e6f84ca55
2eb2ad710daf7237176b472351edf16b2e304344
'2011-09-09T02:36:21-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXF' 'sip-files00174.txt'
1eaa11a1f89c5635fed1983973beceef
c4bf996ad8bc3a90aa293d40632812aaa58c272c
'2011-09-09T02:42:09-04:00'
describe
'10337' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXG' 'sip-files00174thm.jpg'
115f7610295d98d402aa42ae76072874
3a8bd11fe204cdd5dee7ba7b538ddb311ef66340
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXH' 'sip-files00175.jp2'
386cf06c6243f6e6952cabde008004a9
bbe9eed19b026e751d1f717898c47b2d995660a2
'2011-09-09T02:40:44-04:00'
describe
'108534' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXI' 'sip-files00175.jpg'
f935a7d7da22b8573112d7ae8efce695
3b0b4f7baf8e0990aecf7dc7e7699c2bf5931848
describe
'29710' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXJ' 'sip-files00175.pro'
79703d54ad1fad3473a71e684b73341b
f1224c30814f50c92e649bd72948ac263537c77f
'2011-09-09T02:42:13-04:00'
describe
'36990' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXK' 'sip-files00175.QC.jpg'
4bfa1718972ee2d980bbadb0e720b8b9
af32feba12d28a782228d2daed8a9706b41df1a7
describe
'2822944' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXL' 'sip-files00175.tif'
894ac45bbc1861d9bf35b901e24e1e2c
5e9382aaa314bd4cd50f64854e9643b20564e48a
'2011-09-09T02:43:15-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXM' 'sip-files00175.txt'
a95d85358ec50b25c8aae4fc43dc6cbb
6354f1db2bc1edba39d5edee63af29bd5dede6d6
'2011-09-09T02:32:55-04:00'
describe
'9762' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXN' 'sip-files00175thm.jpg'
7cc0dcaff0b155a5a2d3d42be48e98d1
ef970cd2d51b20f35fcfadc7dc7df2bbda6c71e8
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXO' 'sip-files00176.jp2'
531259ce5744d7effcb2c17cd4885248
6f19e89e2470915abdf23b05c1d0d916f298c88a
describe
'118228' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXP' 'sip-files00176.jpg'
81b7cb3731bbb570f9709dd41ea4bfcb
c36398af674562292b3eaa11fd6c799b5364f412
'2011-09-09T02:34:08-04:00'
describe
'32979' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXQ' 'sip-files00176.pro'
d229235583bf0240b3559fc3e5e42ee8
a7034aba1e5c41fa196808b477fa5bd49a9ef364
describe
'39312' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXR' 'sip-files00176.QC.jpg'
507d8e438bb41fe75ff34adf474376c3
74d3db13fd948c6d91a1b5b62fe678d02c9b5673
describe
'2823160' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXS' 'sip-files00176.tif'
21af3d7287bdf7f2a11a5b5eb37eef8d
cf57a63f36c5b73e2bf0154ee94f013bc35f8658
'2011-09-09T02:35:18-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXT' 'sip-files00176.txt'
29cf984238248e25eebbe3900e25d0b8
9bbaf1a0a1178538a79fdd7668eb6ed49e77f472
'2011-09-09T02:35:35-04:00'
describe
'10100' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXU' 'sip-files00176thm.jpg'
573968f365ca66862c3e12c5f325d586
080ab485f14b37cbbe4f717dd7418077e6c43a7b
'2011-09-09T02:43:40-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXV' 'sip-files00177.jp2'
ab00d6d1d41a61097132e1e5c151e413
793710127c907b495bd27a3aeda4e4504391de2a
describe
'114401' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXW' 'sip-files00177.jpg'
e1823a5946f2c4fb2dfd273c244de8a2
f9a88c838b85289d052a6b7b5d94a82b74387056
describe
'30823' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXX' 'sip-files00177.pro'
5731256edd6381844886e70e0e7e434a
b6f30c3300ad310604a5a434e13f9e38a199374c
describe
'38123' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXY' 'sip-files00177.QC.jpg'
8e1fe9656353ccda78b21c5a04b9b2df
b453beeacc1e0840fa8db5bd79b2287e7ab44f38
'2011-09-09T02:39:28-04:00'
describe
'2823144' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADXZ' 'sip-files00177.tif'
e0fb49bd10735566cc90106cffd6bf8c
256a14f67d63f75fc935e2db72559e6e080e55cd
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYA' 'sip-files00177.txt'
6b0b40fede335ce6d1455a987bfbae7d
f5e33da73ef042b18306f340b11b9d2f636334fc
'2011-09-09T02:32:57-04:00'
describe
'10232' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYB' 'sip-files00177thm.jpg'
60e1337281768db159168c1c246604fa
6296ed2e4a0c9cf46dd184c90e07104ad678a547
'2011-09-09T02:41:19-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYC' 'sip-files00178.jp2'
2d4773f31c1b193340621544b7eeb90d
f638fd26d3d02333c374a51a88fb537787549663
describe
'114170' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYD' 'sip-files00178.jpg'
264c40a9723d9ccfd93e61c2b5da51b4
04adf12b322be108f8abf0fc5737cb7dd28944cc
'2011-09-09T02:43:30-04:00'
describe
'31964' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYE' 'sip-files00178.pro'
11e50f31d1dc64a205741ebc42005d75
c34c1650e269fbbdc08d4effcf8f8487d91ad508
'2011-09-09T02:38:52-04:00'
describe
'38553' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYF' 'sip-files00178.QC.jpg'
19cbd93102e62e90a028c476e15f9774
180d8f633007b28f50da9d791ec078a1124fbe53
'2011-09-09T02:39:56-04:00'
describe
'2823084' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYG' 'sip-files00178.tif'
76ca65c0db2be1b2d6047f3cbf18d18f
82265f277ec42018e4896da53897ec9c381ba44b
'2011-09-09T02:37:40-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYH' 'sip-files00178.txt'
a7dc6cc38c38cb542362ad6d6b09dd27
5390821451db07fe3e0723ccd6018e336e31614b
describe
'10055' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYI' 'sip-files00178thm.jpg'
b425a9203eccb35e628c7912a73086df
cb754ddc39b980eba50c9c912f451dc14ebdf205
'2011-09-09T02:42:58-04:00'
describe
'350211' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYJ' 'sip-files00179.jp2'
5c21897366b5b5a3556f96a97533445c
0f9fb929f6ec75ac3e4f86794a111f7f34169809
'2011-09-09T02:24:57-04:00'
describe
'113059' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYK' 'sip-files00179.jpg'
98e9058a298ed76d3c1ae048b24d6bc0
39caaeab10e92705164c8b324b1c5aade8e72a7f
'2011-09-09T02:42:00-04:00'
describe
'32111' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYL' 'sip-files00179.pro'
c16dbdc345c0b8c90bf9971b4fee246a
bd118e16e34ab0d6c4927818f09961888865068e
describe
'37410' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYM' 'sip-files00179.QC.jpg'
8255d8d660a59ee435da7d5249c8f6d5
c03e5f52d98f768c6608801a6c24fddf5e2425a3
'2011-09-09T02:39:33-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYN' 'sip-files00179.tif'
250c3d24811c0268d5a1456c7a365189
d3ede475b3715385df54f4ae2e59e91c46257295
'2011-09-09T02:42:02-04:00'
describe
'1307' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYO' 'sip-files00179.txt'
bc40e771e6d744e622117cae3ffca6bb
37c53e60d221adf9c1bf2a0d12b6f8a02654e0cb
describe
'10119' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYP' 'sip-files00179thm.jpg'
07af02ca141f9763a5a5752f3b116275
6b5193abb28866310b9dd72f2998ebec59e3cdb5
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYQ' 'sip-files00180.jp2'
91e1ce516ee95119437cdf69f433a6ee
d8090dc069803282ed60b4074dabd8844cdeec88
'2011-09-09T02:33:50-04:00'
describe
'113559' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYR' 'sip-files00180.jpg'
1a9ca84324756a88667d93159633b800
829a46b5a38c0155ad16a6f937665f7c44c3afc3
'2011-09-09T02:36:36-04:00'
describe
'31294' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYS' 'sip-files00180.pro'
cb1317f37ba1e65af6ddf54cbf4aba7f
1a3026cfb223ecd9a916ed7b00cacc332dbcffce
describe
'37391' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYT' 'sip-files00180.QC.jpg'
740374a64f59f0f5eec0aa8d1299ff23
bb1490166e1c0dca7126ae045d0709cd753938a5
'2011-09-09T02:41:29-04:00'
describe
'2823020' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYU' 'sip-files00180.tif'
f060d1229597ff02c7f57fc32a01c822
224fc52c8ab26b6817ee77c10da0240f69aa2c3d
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYV' 'sip-files00180.txt'
c924091736247adf38cbd517e3bd4276
685099824c8041e2d6d4d07122a436db8205269b
'2011-09-09T02:34:32-04:00'
describe
'9781' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYW' 'sip-files00180thm.jpg'
538f80ab6d9583067602fb29fa8778da
854e4911f1077535ce21303f660ec3aabb6d5703
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYX' 'sip-files00181.jp2'
7e111417ae0bd986711443ae53833f35
8fdf1c480f4c98686378f2cb826d348c984082e8
describe
'112923' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYY' 'sip-files00181.jpg'
74752fa1ff063f142a61d8faa4a08ec9
0254001bf7ce8d7a90ff83c0c5cf5ff14892fdf7
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADYZ' 'sip-files00181.pro'
ba7b8286fa83066a5332a7b4b8a76f16
2f034d2b78c5804b610a1a38ff0f3ecf99c00ae3
describe
'38381' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZA' 'sip-files00181.QC.jpg'
02c7ee053e90ab710fe685267f3c4ae8
83c61721301cbc855d33db1b3d0a03f1d14e60d8
'2011-09-09T02:25:47-04:00'
describe
'2823384' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZB' 'sip-files00181.tif'
4f68cdf443be2f5d7c189063498e9d8f
cdedd7711f3fefd0c73d1e136abfb64c8aa07a5d
'2011-09-09T02:32:54-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZC' 'sip-files00181.txt'
ca05af1d2601925bed2b9b06931bb83d
3b162b7bca8e75d56fe52cf79a2f694b4987ac4c
describe
'10060' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZD' 'sip-files00181thm.jpg'
131d1859e19c45f0b5d30a4b0d57f048
e240e3ad5225c92e214df5ef6b237c3f3155ee3f
'2011-09-09T02:31:19-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZE' 'sip-files00182.jp2'
3c638848f7c1c9a1fdc71e72c4b06e5c
4e2ab5900a4388c22a21d71b9c19c31b8eba8107
'2011-09-09T02:30:01-04:00'
describe
'117077' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZF' 'sip-files00182.jpg'
173371e45f51acef9b43eb82368912fd
ed91a447a8a56f3108b2f1feb0b1bfbebea131e2
'2011-09-09T02:43:26-04:00'
describe
'32395' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZG' 'sip-files00182.pro'
3f8c05f3ae4035ed1365a82123a2e7ee
7b992b48a318ae42318fde7472cf79fb310f23ea
describe
'39515' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZH' 'sip-files00182.QC.jpg'
fdc1797a53a94706d8ab22f8c00c75d8
b822a5df3ee889a86588512ac3792949f51b5350
'2011-09-09T02:39:01-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZI' 'sip-files00182.tif'
22c5f311c33d5f6a43d73d7f8bbd631b
f473f58c2b5eab606c9a5d385d6f556f6a79f61a
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZJ' 'sip-files00182.txt'
077b7197ea75e211a0a53a3a47c6b62d
2e5ce90f10f004e66cdd3230dae0c5e2808c8979
'2011-09-09T02:33:42-04:00'
describe
'10830' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZK' 'sip-files00182thm.jpg'
59fa53de599d37063dbaa6b4845c05f6
3fd62e80de3bfe8f1f4cbd0b6f67260dbd8412d0
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZL' 'sip-files00183.jp2'
dcada58c3fc41b9f90fb4d27db9521d7
be671af41ea645279ec5d28a9cc1fa941051fc1f
'2011-09-09T02:30:39-04:00'
describe
'113341' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZM' 'sip-files00183.jpg'
4c1a4a8a38a6637cfb3437512fda4191
0b55791ec996566b08b3316d3a3080a8e90d8413
describe
'32104' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZN' 'sip-files00183.pro'
7462024be366c28b27fe8c4929cb3e1c
849c3809734512baa2df7c8b420525f45125a699
describe
'38172' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZO' 'sip-files00183.QC.jpg'
5d752bbd0632863096021d6f4e9caf4f
f888fe3fd91956cf58841330dab319ff6593eb00
'2011-09-09T02:23:30-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZP' 'sip-files00183.tif'
efcd7a1a7a005ebd7f4c66fcdf2f4cdf
9fd6bdc86116d6441a9057d1e894c40f9c48ff90
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZQ' 'sip-files00183.txt'
02ea5cd62b914a538bf0eba18882d703
35574acb3bf57499f6cfe1bdbf16f51c58f568b0
'2011-09-09T02:32:50-04:00'
describe
'10157' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZR' 'sip-files00183thm.jpg'
43973c1cb919a67574f6223e2ca55c80
6f793a09c140bb8a61ca7de695368a3e8931b826
'2011-09-09T02:30:23-04:00'
describe
'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZS' 'sip-files00184.jp2'
5149e76ea5f442906d93fd1a83587dc5
045bc200e0089f5b9b19cc2f8fcfc2b397fda3b0
describe
'121926' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZT' 'sip-files00184.jpg'
f5b6bc20c39465395689a206ac70ab34
fc0a93a836cafa84213ec1c115ae235f6b8e4efd
describe
'33102' 'info:fdaE20080705_AAAADJfileF20080707_AAADZU' 'sip-files00184.pro'
62751af955e9b9ed210259819887f115
9b5459612357ecb63126deaff17ff8735c5178e0
'2011-09-09T02:35:51-04:00'
describe
'40423' '