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Allegorical representation of Christopher
Columbus as St. Christopher bearing the
Christ-child_ across the water. Made in
the year 1500, in the lifetime of Columbus.
dais
SORRY OF COLUMBUS
BY
ELIZABETH EGGLESTON SEELYE
WITH NINETY-NINE ILLUSTRATIONS
By ALLEGRA EGGLESTON
EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION, BY
EDWARD EGGLESTON
NEW YORK.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
1893
CoPYRIGHT, 1892,
By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED
AT THE APPLETON Press, U.S. A.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I.—Marco Poto . :
II.—HENRY THE NAVIGATOR .
Ill.—Youne CoLumBus .
IV.—CoxumBus in Portugal
V.—CoLumBus In SPAIN
VI.—CoLUMBUS BEGS IN VAIN
VII—A FRIENDLY MONK. R
VIII.—GeEtTtTING READY FOR THE VOYAGE
IX.—THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS
X.—LAND AT LAST
XI.—EXPLORING IN THE Wee eons:
XII.—Cotumpus vistts Cuba.
XII—Tue piscovery cr Harri
XIV.—WRreEcKED
.XV.—A SKIRMISH
XVI.—THE RETURN VOYAGE
XVII.—Lanp
XVIII.—Resorcines AT couRT
XIX.—THE SECOND VOYAGE
XX.—ADVENTURES AMONG THE Cieer Iecaane
XXI.—WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY
XXII.—TxE INFANT SETTLEMENT AND ITS INDIAN NEIGHBORS.
XXIII.—Looxine FoR GOLD
XXIV.—TROUBLES OF THE COLONY
XXV.—THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY .
XXVI— ALONG THE COAST oF CUBA .
1
PAGE
vi CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
XXVIL—THE RETURN TO HISPANIOLA .
or CoLUMBUS
XXIX.—OseEpDa’s ADVENTURE AND THE WAR THAT FOLLOWED .
XXX.—TrRovus.es FoR COLUMBUS, AND A NEW GOLD MINE.
XXXI—In Spain .
XXXII.—CoLuMBUS SETS SAIL ON HIS THIRD VOYAGE .
XXXIII.—CoLumBus DISCOVERS PEARLS .
WAS AWAY
XXXV.—A REBELLION AND A WAR
XXXVI.—CoLUMBUS AND THE REBELS
XXXVII—THE KING AND QUEEN DISPLEASED .
XXXVIII.—CoLuMmBUs IN CHAINS
XXXIX.—CoLUMBUS LANDS IN CHAINS
XL.—CoLUMBUS UNDER A CLOUD
.XLI.—CoLuMBUS PREDICTS A HURRICANE .
XLII.—CoLumpus at Honpuras
XLIII.—Macic PowFR AND GOLD PLATES
XLIV.—Back To THE LAND OF GOLD .
XLV.—DEALINGS WITH QUIBIAN.
XLVI.—QUIBIAN’S REVENGE .
XLVII.—StRANDED .
XLVIII.—CoLumBus HAS A PLAN
XLIX.—A MuTINY. ‘ 5s
L.—CoLUMBUS MAKES USE OF AN ECLIPSE
LI.—A VOYAGE IN A CANOE
LIL—A SMALL BATTLE }
LIII.—Tue Last pAys oF CoLUMBUS
PAGE
. 159
XXVIII.—WHatT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY IN THE ABSENCE
. 164
168
175
. 180
. 185
. 190
XXXIV.—WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY WHILE ‘COLuMEnS
. 196
. 205
. 211
. 218
. 2214
. 225:
. 228
. 235
. 239
. 245
» 252
. 258 .
. 264
~ 269
. 274
. 278
. 281
. 283
. 288
. 298
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Allegorical representation of Columbus as St. Christopher
Frontispiece
Gate of Pekin . ; 3 ; : : saints
General map of Marco Polo’s SouErey ;
Catapult loaded. Catapult discharged .
Passport of gold, such as the Polos used in China
Arrival of the Polos in Venice . .
- Prince Henry the navigator .
Position of Ceuta . . wrt . . ; . ‘
Rock of Gibraltar .
A ship, from an old Paecece ;
Map of the portion of the African -coast discovéred before Prinee
wooo © ck WD HH
ard
: Henry’s death . 5 : ; 14
Gate of St. Andrea, Genoa, as it ae at peasant: . reine 15
Gate of St. Andrea. Genoa, as it was in the time of Columbus . 15
Genoa anditsharbor . . : : . 16
House in which Columbus lived, as it is at rent j 17
Supposed appearance of the house in Columbus’s time (after Stagl-
ieno) 5 : . 18
Plan of the ground aisee of fhe hee in ‘which Goiucbas ‘lived :
(after Staglieno) . ‘ ; A ‘ . j A . 19
Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Genoa . ; : : x . 20
Harbor of Savona... : . . = : ; : . 21
Portrait of Columbus. ; Pas fee oot corsa » 24
Map of the supposed Western Herisplicrs : , : 3 . 28
Map of Portugal, Spain,andGenow . . . = . ~~. 80
viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Portrait of King Ferdinand. Portrait of Queen Isabella . . al
Salamanca . 5 ; : : : . . . 33
Children mocking Colnmbne 3 : . . ; j . 86
View of the Alhambra across Granada ; 2 : ‘ . 38
With Juan Perez at the monastery . : : ‘ . . 41
A window in the Alhambra . irae : ‘ ; ; . 43
Gateway of Granada. ; ; ; : 4 : s . 44
Acaravel . ‘ : : i : 5 j : ; . 49
Peak of Tenerife . : : - rea : . 52
The Canary Islands and the sAporae ; ; . 54
Map showing the islands at which Columbus landed. 60
Old print of 1500, showing Columbus landing, and the ine of
Spain sending ships across to America . . ; : . 61
Acalabash . . : h ‘ : ; : . 64
Indian paddling in a auesout : : 66
Chair such as Columbus’s messengers sat ae found in a cave on
Turk’s Island . : . ‘I . 74
“She may not have enjoyed the Gotti corr ne 2 ; . 8
The Indian monarch and his counsellors visit Columbus Facing 80
Shipwreck . , te ‘: ‘ : é i . 88
An Indian mask from Hayti : ; : ; ; ‘ . 8d
An arquebus . 5 : ; 3 © . f AN - 86
‘A Lombard . : 87
Columbus finds meriieids les beautiful than they had eer ip:
resented to be. : : . : ests fi j . 89
A wampum belt . 5 ; . : ; : . OL
Columbus and the sailors draw beans Heenan Sapreyny EaR 5
Columbus writes an account of his discovery . : . . 96
Shore of the Azores. : . : : ts f : 98
Port:of Lisbon = 2é usin Se ee Se ek ein 101
Royal palace, Barcelona ; ‘ . ‘ ‘i : : . 104
Seville . : ‘ . . ‘ . : - 108
The harbor, looking fiom Cadiz : 5 3 ‘ : 3 . 110
Cadiz, from the mole . : 3 : ‘ z . 107
Columbus bids good-bye to his sons . js Fs . Hacing 111
Marigalante Island s Berek : : . 113
An Indian child is found in a hut ; ; ; . Facing 114
Map of Columbus's second voyage. : . 2 ; . 115
The Indian trusts Columbus Me ; y : : 7 . 128
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ix
PAGE
Indian image of stone, from Santo Domingo. . 2 . 180
Indian figure in wood, from Santo Domingo . . 182
Indian figure of cotton, leather, etc., from Santo Deniiea . 183
Indian image of stone, from Santo Domingo i : . 184
The Giralda Tower, Seville . : : : ‘ ; . 187
Map of the route from Isabella to Cibao R é : : . 142
Map of the voyage along the coast of Cuba. : : 5 . 149
View of the southern shore of Hispaniola . j 5 5 . 163
Old cannon from the fortress of Santo Domingo. : . 168
Ojeda praying to his picture of the Virgin . : ‘ Masia 168
Indian battle-axe . ; : : : : : : . 169
Cannon of Columbus’s time . s 5 ; A . Ss . 170
Stone carving from Santo Domingo . outa ; : . 172
Columbus’s armor. ; : ; ; : : ‘ ; . 178
Map of Hispaniola A ; ; : ; 3 . 177
Catalina tells Diaz of a new old mine ; 4 . Facing 178
South America. . : é - : ; ; ; . 188
A Trinidad palm . . : 3 . : . 189
Tower and fortress of Santo Domee : 5 : . . 196
The guana . : : : ; ; . 198
Fortress and shore of Santo Doninse: A f ; é . 200
Church of San Antonio, near Santo Domingo . ‘ . 201
Well at Santo Domingo, where ships get water, said to: Tavs
_ been built by Bartholomew Columbus . . : : - 206
Don Bartholomew finds his messengers dead. . Rasing 209
Chapel called Columbus’s chapel, near Santo Domingo . . 211
Tower in which it is said Columbus was imprisoned . ; . 222
Interior of the fortress in which it is supposed Columbus was
imprisoned , : . 5 . 228
Portrait of Vasco da Gama, frome a Panasceint of his time . 229
Ruins of St. Nicholas Church, Santo Domingo . é ; . 231
Interior of Dominican convent, Santo Domingo . . Facing 232
Ceiba tree, to which it is said the ships moored in Columbus's
time - . i . 7 , 3 . 236
Map of Columbus's s last voyage of discovery 5 : 5 . 240
Indian figure of stone found on the Honduras coast. . : . 243
Sea view and Indians of the Mosquito Coast . . Facing 246
Characteristic Indian building on the coast : Z a . 250
Don Bartholomew embraces the chief . : ‘ ; ‘ . 262
x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
‘ PAGE
Hull of a ship of Columbus’s time : ; 5 ; ; . 272
Monument to Columbus at Barcelona... i : a . 291
House in Valladolid in which Columbus died. 4 ‘ . 297
Cathedral of Santo Domingo, where Columbus’s remains were
buried . : . 299
Palace of Santo Domingo built by Diego Columbus . : . 802
INTRODUCTION.
By Epwarp EGGLESTON.
Tue purpose of the writer of this book has been to
relate the life of the greatest of discoverers in a manner
interesting and delightful to the general reader, while
producing a narrative strictly conformed to the facts
as given by the best ancient authorities and developed
by the latest researches of scholars. There is here no
attempt to discuss the pros and cons of debated points
in Columbian history. Such investigators as Navarrete,
Mr. Harrisse, Signor Staglieno, and our own learned
Mr. Justin Winsor, have wrought abundantly and with
large results upon these problems. It is the purpose of
the present work to tell the story as understood
through the labors of these scholars, leaving aside
ponderous discussions which in a book intended for
general reading would tire without enlightening.
Though disclaiming original investigation beyond
the careful use of the leading authorities, Mrs. Seelye
has been at much pains not to give the reader the dis-
credited myths used by the old school of biographers.
xii INTRODUCTION.
It is a poor service to relate as history an interesting
story that is not true, or to liftan historical figure into a
heroism far from his real character. To give the facts
as we know them, and to show Columbus as he really
was, has been the sincere endeavor of the writer of this
book. The story is wonderful enough without the
" embellishment of fiction ; the man is interesting enough
when painted in his real colors.
The curious researches of Mr. Henry Harrisse into
the personal life of Columbus, the results of which have
been. given to the world in monographs in several
languages, have assisted the author to give it a personal
coloring which is always a legitimate source of interest,
especially to the young reader. One can hardly speak
too highly of the patient ingenuity by which the
antiquary Signor Staglieno has managed to find and
identify beyond doubt the house in which Columbus
lived as a boy. Such investigations dissipate error, and
make us know the real man and his environment.
It was the fashion of the older modern biographers
of Columbus, of whom Irving was the chief, to see all
the Christian virtues in their subject. The school of
romantic history and biography was as characteristic of
the first half of the present century as the school
of romantic fiction and poetry. Both sought at all
costs to find a hero, and, whenever possible, to set over
against this central figure a heroine. When the dis-
INTRODUCTION: xiii
covery of America was the theme, Columbus became a
knight-errant with an admixture of saintliness, while
Isabella played the counterpart of heroine, to maintain
the symmetry of the narrative. Such a method be-
longed to a poetic age and had its uses, but it was fatal
to sound historical conclusions. It reached its extreme
of folly in the movement set on foot to have Columbus
canonized by the Church for a saint.
We have now swung to another extreme in our
literary methods. Producing fiction much of which is
quite too sordid to be justly called realistic, we are
possessed at the same time with a sort of rage to debase
the great figures of history. Not content with robbing
them of the false laurels with which our imaginative
predecessors have crowned them, we give way to a
pessimistic passion for denying them any virtue at all.
Because they have been praised for qualities they have
not, we scorn them for false pretenders. One of the
worst sufferers from this reaction is the great Genoese
sailor whose achievement of four hundred years ago gave
to civilization a world unknown before. There seems to
be an emulation of detraction among the most recent
investigators and learned biographers. To paint the
discoverer in the darkest colors is accounted nowadays
an evidence of scholarship. But the pessimistic and de-
structive mode of judgment is as far from being scien-
tific as the now discarded romantic treatment, while it is
xiv INTRODUCTION.
much Jess agreeable. Historic justice remembers the
wisdom expressed in the motto which was Lord Bacon’s
device, and settles itself in a secure moderation.
Let us grant, then, that this great navigator was not
asaint. Like other great men, he had faults even when
judged by the light of his own time; and we have no
right to censure him by the standards of our age. But
he was a great fifteenth-century man. He could hardly
have won his battle had he not had some of the faults
of his age. He has been blamed for not having the
qualities of Copernicus or Las Casas. We must not
expect too much for our shilling. Columbus had in a
degree rarely equaled the power to consecrate himself
to one great achievement. He had courage, fortitude,
and a mastery of navigation as then understood. Ina
word, he only had all-that was needed to produce a man
capable of crossing the Sea of Darkness. No other
navigator of his time had conceptions so bold or a
pertinacity of pursuit so unflagging. Men of aptitudes
so special are usually one-sided. History will not lay
it up against General Grant that he was a weak states-
man, nor will posterity insist on remembering that Tur-
ner, the painter, wrote bad poetry. It isenough that Co-
lumbus alone of the men of the fifteenth century had
the imagination to plan and the boldness to carry out a
voyage in search of land to the westward. No one
can make him less than what his own merit has made
INTRODUCTION. XV
him, the most conspicuous figure in the history of his
age—the man who rendered the world the greatest
service possible at that moment.
He was not in advance of his age in other respects.
He: was superstitious; he was ambitious; he sought
wealth, which was the prize that spurred other Genoese
adventurers to hard tasks. He lacked the enthusiasm
. of disinterested research which possessed Copernicus
and the reformatory spirit of Las Casas. But neither
Copernicus nor Las Casas ever dreamed of setting out
to find land by the untried water way to the westward,
nor could either of them have set.on foot so bold an
undertaking. Nature does not give everything to one
-man. And the very faults charged against Columbus—
-his pursuit of wealth and his belief in his own divine mis-
sion—propelled and supported him in his arduous and
perilous enterprise. Let us judge him fairly and by the
standards of his age, and honor him for what he was
and did, without censuring him that he was not some-
thing else. To rob the doers of great deeds of their
hard-earned glory, is to deprive the race of one of the
mainsprings of notable actions.
In the laborious task of gathering material for au-
thentic pictures, the illustrator has been placed under
obligation by the kindness of several gentlemen. Mr.
Nathan Appleton, of Boston, generously put at her dis-
posal a valuable collection of photographs, and several
xvi INTRODUCTION.
drawings made under his own supervision in the island
of Santo Domingo. Mr. E. C. Perry, of Honduras,
also placed his collection in her hands. Acknowledg-
ments are also due to Mr. Henry Marquand, of New
York, Prof. Otis T. Mason, of the National Museum,
and to others.
It remains only to say that the present book is the
first of a series intended to introduce the young reader
and the general reader to what is most interesting and
delightful in American history. It is the result of the
co-operation of two sisters already known to the public
by work in their several departments. Ihave taken a
lively interest in this labor of my daughters from the
beginning, giving it whatever benefit I could of any
knowledge of mine and of my experience in book-
making, but my function has been merely editorial.
GATE OF PEKIN.
THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER I.
MARCO POLO.
1254-1324.
In the middle ages people had never dreamed
about such a place as America. To them the known
world consisted of Europe, part of Asia, and a little
strip of Africa. The first man to help people to know
more about the world and to make them wish to know
still more was a Venetian gentleman, named Marco
Polo, who lived two hundred years before Columbus.
Strangely enough, Marco Polo did something toward
the discovery of America, though he journeyed by
9 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
land rather than by 8 sea, and traveled to the East i
stead of to the West.
When Marco Polo was born (about 1254) his
father and uncle, Nicolo and Maffeo ‘Polo, had just
sailed away from Venice, which was their home, on a
trading voyage to Constantinople. When they got to
that city, instead of trading the goods which they had
brought with them for some of the silks and spices
which came from the far East and returning home as
GENERAL MAP OF MARCO POLO’S JOURNEY,
other merchants did, they exchanged all their merchan-
dise for jewels, which could be concealed from robbers
more easily than gold, and went on into the Eastern
countries. I suppose they had some curiosity to find
out where the spices, silks, gums, and jewels, which
Europeans were so glad to buy, came from. They
journeyed through Asia to China, or Cathay, as people
called it in those days. The great Chinese Emperor,
Kublai Khan, treated the strangers very kindly, and
sent back a message by them to the Pope.
MARCO POLO. 3
The travelers were gone nineteen years, and when
they returned they found that Nicolo had a son named
Marco whom they had never seen, although he had by
this time grown to be a man. They stayed in Italy two
years, and then they took Marco with them and set out
for the empire of Kublai
Khan once more, carry-
ing some presents and
letters from the Pope to
the Chinese Emperor.
It took the Polos four
years to make the ditti-
cult and dangerous jour-
ney across Asia, to the home of the Grand Khan, who |
was very much delighted to see them. Marco became
a great favorite with
the Emperor, who made
him one of his officers.
While Marco Polo was
traveling about. China
as an officer of Kublai
Khan his father and ¢
uncle made themselves ..&
useful by building a
catapult, which was a CATAPULT DISCHARGED.
machine at that time in
use in Europe for throwing stones and other missiles.
Gunpowder had not yet been invented.
When the Polos had been away from home about
twenty years they grew homesick. They asked the
Khan for permission to go back to Venice for a visit,
but the Emperor was so fond of them that he at first
CATAPULT LOADED.
4 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
refused. He finally consented’ to let them go, but he
made them promise to return to China, giving them, at
the same time, many rich presents and some tablets of
gold, which they were to show as passports in ‘the vari-
ous countries that they would have to pass through.
About this time the daughter of Kublai Khan was to
be married to the King’
of Persia.. The Khan
sent the Polos as far as
Persia in the fleet which
carried this princess to
her new home. The
Chinese fleet touched at
different points in the
East Indies, and so the
travelers had a chance to
Wi] see something of the isl-
| ands where spices grew.
‘When they reached Per-
sia they were entertained
very magnificently for
nine months. After this
somewhat long wedding
festival was over the
PASSPORT OF GOLD SUCH AS THE % 3
POLOS USED IN CHINA. Polos continued on their
Hote way to Europe, dressed
in coarse Chinese costume, so that they might not be
in danger of being murdered for their riches.
When they reached Venice, after having been gone
twenty-four years, the travelers found that they had
come to be regarded by their friends as long since dead
and buried, and that their house had been inherited by
“Mi, ey
Uy
Uy,
“eile Dy.
>
ARRIVAL OF THE POLOS IN VENICE.
‘OT0d OOUVIM
6 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
some of their relatives. This was unpleasant for the
three Polos, especially as the members of their family
refused to believe that they were indeed themselves,
which was not so strange, for the wanderers were very
much tanned, wore coarse Chinese dresses, and spoke
their own tongue like Chinamen.
The strangers, however, gave a dinner to hich
they invited all the gentlemen of the Polo family.
When the guests arrived they found the travelers
dressed in robes of crimson satin. No sooner had
water been served for the washing of hands, after the
fashion of those days, than the three strange Polos rose,
left the room, and presently returned in robes of crim-
son damask. They caused the satin gowns to be cut up
and divided among the servants. The guests probably
thought this a very extravagant proceeding. However,
the dinner had progressed but little further before the
travelers again left the room and returned in crimson
velvet robes, while the damask gowns were also dis-
tributed among the servants. After a time the three
Polos left the room once more, and came back dressed
as Venetians, causing the velvet suits to be cut up as
the others had been. Finally, when the cloth was re-
moved from the table and the servants dismissed, the
travelers brought in the coarse Chinese dresses, which
they had worn on their travels. Taking sharp knives,
_they cut open the seams of these old garments and took
out rubies, carbuncles, emeralds, and diamonds. Before
leaving China they had exchanged the wealth which
Kublai Khan had given them for these jewels, so that
they might carry their riches with them. The sight of
so much wealth quite freshened the memories of the
MARCO POLO. q
other members of the Polo family. They could no
longer doubt that such rich men were their relations.
After this, many people came to visit Marco Polo,
in order to talk with him about his travels. He used
the word millions so much in describing the riches of
Kublai Khan that they dubbed him Messere Marco Mil-
lione, or Mr. Marco Millions, as we should say, while
his house is yet called “the court of the millions,†for
many people did not believe the strange tales of Mr.
Marco Millions. 3
Marco Polo was afterward captured in a war be-
tween Venice and Genoa, and while he was in a Genoese
prison he dictated an account of his travels to a fellow-
prisoner, who wrote it down. This book became very
famous. Many people doubted Marco Polo’s stories
about gold-roofed palaces and other fairy-like wonders,
though we now know that his marvelous tales were many
of them true. The reading of Marco Polo’s travels set
some thoughtful people to thinking about distant coun-
tries and to planning ways of reaching them, so that it
was Marco Polo, instead of his father and uncle, who had
to do with the making of great discoveries. The Polos
were not the only Europeans who had wandered as far
as China, but Marco Polo was the first to leave a care-
ful account of what he saw and heard. After him there
was an Englishman named Sir John Mandeville who
made a similar journey, and also wrote about it. These
two books were read much by studious men, who were
curious to know more concerning the geography of the
world.
8 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER II.
HENRY THE NAVIGATOR.
1894-1478,
A man who had much more to do with the discovery
of America than did Marco Polo was Prince Henry of
Portugal, though he too looked for an Eastern and not
PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR.
a Western world. This
prince was born in 1394,
nearly a hundred years
before Columbus discov-
ered America. He was
the son of John I of
Portugal. This king had
seized the throne at a
time when there was great
dispute as to who had a
right to it, and most of
the people believed him
to be the only man able
and brave enough to save
the country. He proved to be a great king. Queen
Philippa, the mother of Prince Henry, was an English
lady, a daughter of the famous John of Gaunt, and
sister of the English King Henry IV. Prince Henry’s
parents were noble and high-minded people, and they
gave their sons the best education to be had in that day.
HENRY THE NAVIGATOR, ios
Henry was the third son of King John and Queen
Philippa, and as it was not likely that he would ever
become king, he had the more time to spend in such
studies as he loved. When the three young men had
come of age, King John and Queen Philippa wished
them to be made knights. In order to become a knight
a young man had first to do some brave deed with his
sword, even though he were a prince. That his sons
might have a chance to win knighthood, King John
thought of giving tournaments for a whole year and
inviting the knights of all nations to attend them.
Tournaments, however, were but playing at war, and
the king’s Minister of Finance told him that, as this
would be a very costly plan, it would be better to spend
the money in attacking the Moorish city of Ceuta, which
was opposite to the rock
of Gibraltar, for it was yy jy
thought in those days a
Christian act to attack the
infidel Moors.
The young princes
were better pleased to
gain knighthood in true
war; so everything was
secretly made ready to
attack Ceuta, and Queen
Philippa had three jew-
eled swords made to pre-
sent to her sons when they should be knighted. But
before the fleet was ready to sail the queen fell ill and
died, giving the swords to her sons on her deathbed.
Instead of waiting to mourn long over her death, the
POSITION OF CEUTa«.-
10 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
king and princes set out on their expedition, for they
knew that this valiant action would have pleased her
best.
Twice the Portuguese fleet anchored before Ceuta,
and twice it was scattered by storms. The Moors were
much frightened when they first saw the Christian ships,
but when they were a second time driven away by
storms the people of Ceuta were thrown off their
guard, for they thought that the vessels would never
get together again. Prince Henry, after a great deal
ROCK OF GIBRALTAR,
of trouble, however, got the fleet assembled again, and
the Portuguese ships anchored for the third time before
Ceuta. When the Moors saw this they crowded the
wall of the city on the side next the fleet with men,
and lighted candles in all the windows, in order to dis-
courage the Christians by making them think that there
were a great many soldiers in the town. The Portu-
guese were indeed already discouraged by so bad a be-
ginning, but the king and his sons held to their purpose.
HENRY THE NAVIGATOR. | 11
The princes landed, each of them in command of a
division of the army, fought their way in at three dif-
ferent gates, and took possession of several parts of the
city. But their soldiers fell to plundering too soon,
and the Moors, seeing the Christians off their guard,
made arush and tried to drive them from the town.
Prince Henry held the narrow street where he was with
but a handful of men, and once, left all alone, he fought
the enemy single-handed. Presently a messenger went
to the king and told him that his son Henry had fallen.
The king only answered : :
“Such is the end which soldiers must expect.†-
When evening came, however, and John I called a
council, Prince Henry was there, and his father’s face
lighted up with joy when he saw him. The king of-
fered to knight Henry first of the three princes, because
he had proved himself so brave a soldier, but Henry
begged that his older brothers should be honored before
him.
All night long the soldiers made plunder of the
gold, silver, spices, and fine stuffs to be found in the
Moorish city, while one nobleman selected for his share
more than six hundred columns of marble and alabas-
ter and a dome, purposing to build with these a palace
for himself in Portugal. When morning came, the
streets ran with oil, honey, spices, butter, and preserves
which had been wasted by the plunderers. The three
princes were knighted in the great mosque on this day ;
the Moors, with their women and children, meanwhile
climbed the mountains behind the city, bewailing their
loss. While others were plundering, Prince Henry
was learning from Moorish prisoners something about
12 THE STORY. OF COLUMBUS,
the interior of Africa and the coast of Guinea, which
made him think of making some discoveries in these
unknown parts.
After Henry returned home he was invited by kings
of other countries to come and lead their armies, but
instead of becoming a great warrior he liked better to
give up his life to making discoveries. In his day peo-
A SHIP FROM AN OLD MANUSORIPT.
ple imagined, when they thought anything about it at
all, that Africa reached to the south pole, but Prince
Henry began to have a notion that possibly Africa did
not extend so far, and that ships might sail around it,
and thus reach the rich world of the East. His second
brother, Dom Pedro, or Prince Peter, as we should say,
HENRY THE NAVIGATOR. 13
spent twelve years in traveling to what people then
called the seven parts of the world—that is, to Palestine,
Turkey, Italy, Hungary, Denmark, England, and other
places in Europe. When he came home he brought
with him the travels of Marco Polo and a map said to
have been made by this famous traveler. So Henry
read the book of Marco Polo, and it helped to make
him wish to find the way to the East Indies and China.
Prince Henry went to live on a lonely promontory
which ran out into the sea. There was nothing but
sage brush growing on this barren place, because the
waves in time of storm spouted up through holes in the
rocky shore and fell in a salt spray over the land, so
that no other plants could grow there. Here he studied,
and sent out ship after ship, to find out all about the
coast of Africa.
Before Henry’s time vessels had sailed only in the
Mediterranean and in the Atlantic Ocean along the
coasts of Europe. Sailors were very timid and feared
to leave the land far out of sight. The compass had
only just come to be used. For along time after it
was discovered that a needle rubbed on a magnet would
turn toward the polar star, sea captains were afraid to
use this discovery in finding their way by sea, lest their
sailors should suspect them of being magicians, for men
imagined that so strange a thing must have been made
by the help of evil spirits. Prince Henry interested him-
self in all things that could make it safer to sail in the
great Atlantic, of which people knew so little and had
so great a horror that they called it the “Sea of Dark-
ness.†He improved maps and spent great sums of
money on voyages of discovery. Although he did not
14 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
sail on these voyages himself he came to be called
“ Henry the Navigator.â€
Some of the nobles of Portugal, who troubled them-
selves but little about unknown parts of the world, com-
plained about Prince Henry’s useless expeditions to the
coast of Africa, until the Madeira Islands were discov-
ered by his ships, when they thought best to say no
more.
In spite of all the efforts of Henry the Navigator,
discovery went on slowly. He had to offer his cap-
tains great rewards to get them to round a new cape.
The sailors of those days imagined strange monsters in
unknown seas, and thought that at the equator nobody
could live, and that there
the water of the ocean boiled
because of the great heat.
Prince Henry had difficulty
4 in getting his seamen to sail
Gray, wid SS aig Cape piece and
: us to enter the tropics.
They were for the most part
content to go a little farther
CPPS _ than the last ship had sailed,
Ss and return with some gold
MAP OF THE PORTION OF THE AFRI- dust and negro slaves with
SAN Coasr Discorme? BEvOsS which to make a profit on
their voyages.
Henry lived among seamen. He sent out gentle-
men of his household, his cup bearer and his squires,
as captains on his ships. Adventurous sailors from
other countries came to him to be sent on voyages of
discovery, while he entertained negro chiefs and dined
it eaists at present,
Andrea (Genoa) as
Gate of St
HENRY THE NAVIGATOR. 15
on ostrich eggs brought from Africa. When Prince
Henry died, in 1473, the African coast had been ex-
plored to Cape Verd, but the way to India had not yet
been found, though the Portuguese had begun to be
hopeful of it, because the coast of Africa turned east-
ward from Cape Verd.
GATE OF ST. ANDREA, GENOA,
AS IT WAS IN THE TIME OF COLUMBUS.
1S THE STORY OF COLUMBUS,
CHAPTER III.
YOUNG COLUMBUS.
1446-1474.
A Venetian gentleman and a Portuguese prince
had made great discoveries in unknown parts of the
world, but the most wonderful of all discoveries was to
be made by one who was neither prince nor gentleman,
Christoforo Colombo, a Genoese weaver.
Christopher Columbus, as we call him, was born in
the Italian’ city of Genoa, somewhere about 1446. His
GENOA AND ITS HARBOR.
father was called Domenico Colombo, and his mother’s
name was Susanna. His father was a weaver of wool,
while his mother came also of a family of wool and silk
weavers. After Columbus became famous, some writers
YOUNG COLUMBUS. 17
tried to prove that he came of a noble family, but this
is not true, for the Colombos, as they were called in
Genoa). were simple working people.
The father, three uncles, and several
of the cousins of Christopher Co-
lumbus were weavers, while his only
sister married a cheese merchant.
The father of Columbus was always
poor, often he had to go in debt for
the wool which he worked up, and
once he bought a little piece of land
and agreed to pay for it in pieces of
cloth, but he did not get it paid for. .
He worked at his trade until he was ~
about seventy-five years old, and
finally died in debt, though he lived
long enough to know that his oldest
son had made a great discovery.
A great deal of trouble has been
taken to find the house which Do-
menico Columbus owned, where Co-
lumbus lived when he was a boy, and
where he was probably born. It is
a very narrow house, low.and dark,
and stands in a quarter of Genoa
which was outside of the old city
walls. In this quarter lived weavers
of wool and silk, dressers of cloth,
fullers, carders, dyers, and all people
who made their living by working at
the making of cloth. Thus we know xovse mw watcn co-
. . < LUMBUS LIVED AS IT
what kind of neighbors the great dis- 1s ar present.
18 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
coverer had when he was a boy. The little house
stood just without the gate of St. Andrea, and Colum-
bus must have seen this fine old gate many times in
a day.
On the lower floor of the narrow little house was
the shop, which was open to the street, and here Domen-
ico Columbus and his apprentices did
their weaving, displaying their goods
on a counter at the open front, and
stopping work to sell to any customer
who should chance to come. The
family lived over the shop, and may
have rented the story above this to
some other poor family. The win-
dows had no glass in them, but there
were wooden shutters for cold weath-
er, with small apertures in them,
which let in light through oiled
linen or paper.
The weavers of Genoa established
little schools for their children, and
probably Columbus was sent to one
of these to learn to read, write, and
cipher, until he got old enough to
learn his father’s trade. When this
SO etn ogee Nt, time came he went into his father’s
coLuMBUs’s TIME. shop as an apprentice, and here he
(STAGLIENO.) :
learned to comb wool or weave, prob-
ably both. Columbus had three brothers, who were
apprenticed to learn the weaver’s trade, like himself.
In later life he shared his good fortunes with two of
them, Bartholomew and Diego, while we know nothing
YOUNG COLUMBUS.
19
of his other brother, except that he must have died
when he was rather young.
In 1470, when Christo-
pher Columbus was about
twenty-four years old, he
went on some small trad-
ing voyage, for he signed.a
contract to pay a man sixty
dollars for some wine
which Columbus was
to take on board a
vessel and trade at ::
some other port in the
Mediterranean. But
he does not seem to have been yet
much of a sailor, for he is still called
a weaver in the old papers.
In Genoa a young man was not
of age until he was twenty-five years
old. About the time that Colum-
bus came of age his father moved
with his family to the city of Sa-
vona, and there set up a weaver’s -
shop. Two years after the removal
' to Savona a young comrade of Chris-
topher’s, named Nicolo Monleone,
who was also a weaver, died. Be-
fore Nicolo died, he miade a will, to
which there were six witnesses, three
of whom were tailors, one a boot-
maker, one a cloth-dresser, and one a
weaver, this weaver being Christo-
3
LLG
A
=
A
A
ZA
: yo
“AY
. A——t
2A
7] jE —
Yy
WY
TOTO |
WW
aY—-Z,
PLAN OF THE GROUND-
FLOOR OF THE HOUSE
IN WHICH COLUMBUS
LIVED, (STAGLIENO.)
20 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
pher Columbus. From this we know that Columbus
was yet a plain working man. Soon after this, the
CATHEDRAL OF SAN LORENZO, GENOA.
young weaver and his father signed a paper in which
they agreed to pay for some wool in pieces of cloth.
Old legal papers, the only sources from which we
can learn anything very certain about the early life of
YOUNG COLUMBUS. of -
Columbus, show that he lived in Savona as a weaver
until 1473, when he must have been about twenty-seven
years old. There can be no doubt, however, that Chris-
topher Columbus was no common weaver’s boy, for he
had less than twenty years more in which to learn to be
a great navigator as well as to become a man of consid-
erable education. It is altogether likely that he had very
HARBOR OF SAVONA.
little schooling, and that, like other men who have been
poor boys and become famous, he educated himself by
hard study at odd times.
Genoa, like other Italian cities, had made itself rich
by sending ships out to trade. All the land which be-
longed to this city was a very small province, hemmed
in by mountains, and most Genoese men who wished to
99 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
become rich or famous had to take to the sea. The
province of Genoa had already furnished many admirals
to Portugal, where such great discoveries were being
pushed forward. No doubt Columbus, from the time
that he was.a little boy, had often stood on the wharves
and seen the ships unloading their valuable merchandise,
while he talked with seamen fresh from distant lands.
He must have heard of Prince Henry’s great plan for
reaching India by going around Africa, and of the voy-
ages made by the Portuguese. Perhaps he too had
heard while he was still a weaver the story of Marco
Polo’s strange travels, for we know that at some time
in his life he read Marco Polo’s book, and that it made
him wish very much to reach the rich countries about
which it told.
_ It is certain that young Columbus had a lively imag-
ination, as well as a great deal of ambition. No doubt
he often fancied himself making such a strange jour-
ney as did Marco Polo, or sailing still farther than any
Portuguese captain had done, and reaching the much-
desired India. For him, as for many another Genoese
young man, the sea was the only high road to fame and
fortune, and Portugal was the place to go to if one
wished to become a great discoverer, so when he was
about twenty-seven or twenty-eight, Columbus gave up
his trade forever and took to the sea. A few years later
we find him in Portugal. 3
COLUMBUS IN PORTUGAL, 23
CHAPTER IV.
COLUMBUS IN PORTUGAL.
1474-1485.
Ture is very little known about the life of Colum-
bus before he became a great man. We know that he went
to live in Portugal, and that while he was there he made
many voyages, for he afterward said that he had sailed
in all the east, west, and north. It did not take a great
deal of voyaging, however, to go into all the known seas
of those days. Columbus had but to sail east in the
Mediterranean, north to Iceland, south along the ex-
plored coast of Africa, and to the islands west of Africa
and of Europe to be a very experienced sailor, for this
was as far as Europeans had ventured in any direction.
At some time in his early life he got a wound, perhaps
in one of the sea fights common in that day. While
Columbus was in Portugal he married a Portuguese
lady, of good family, named Philippa Moniz..
Columbus was a tall, strong man, with a long face,
brilliant blue eyes, an aquiline nose, red hair, and a ruddy
complexion, marked with freckles. He was rather rough
and abstracted in his manner, and somewhat quick-tem-
pered, though he knew how to be amiable at times.
Those who ‘saw Columbus said that he was a fine-looking
man, although he dressed almost as plainly as a monk,
for he was too thoughtful to care much about his clothes.
94. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
He was very much interested in geography, and learned
to make maps and globes, and he sometimes made his
living by selling these. Perhaps while he was making
spheres he thought a great deal about what was in the
great blank spaces. He believed that the part of the
world already known—that is, from the Canary Islands
to a certain city in Asia—made two thirds of the distance
ZY
Z
N
Fe
PORTRAIT OF COLUMBUS.
around the globe, and that, as Marco Polo said that Asia
extended very far eastward, it must come quite a dis-
tance over into the unknown third of the world, and
hence it would be quite easily reached by sailing west
from Europe. In reality, only about one third of the
world was known, while there remained two thirds to
be explored; but learned men in those days made the
COLUMBUS IN PORTUGAL. 95
same mistake concerning the size of the earth that:
Columbus did. Probably if the truth about the cireum-
ference of the world had been known, America would
not have been found by Columbus.
We have seen that Columbus was born in an age of
discovery. It was not so much a curiosity to know
about the unknown parts of the earth that made men
at first bent on discovery as it was the desire for
wealth. Italian cities, like Genoa, where Columbus
was born, and Venice, where Marco Polo lived, had
become rich by sending out ships to trade with the
Mohammedans, who sold spices, silks, and precious
stones, which were brought by caravans from Asia.
Those who had the means liked very much to dress in
silk and jewels, while spices were greatly prized for
seasoning the food of that day, which was rather plain
and coarse. Great prices were paid for all kinds of
goods from the East, and those who could sell them be-
came rich, and enriched the countries where they lived.
For this reason Prince Henry, as well as his brother and
nephew, who were successively kings of Portugal, wished
to find a way to India by sailing around Africa, thus
making their country a market for the precious goods
of the East. Spices and jewels, silks and precious gums,
drew men around the world on long and dangerous
voyages and led them to find out about the globe on
which they lived.
It was probably while Columbus was in Portugal
that he first thought of sailing directly west to reach
Asia, instead of trying to go around Africa. He had
not the least idea of finding a new continent, nor any
desire to make such a discovery. Men in those days
96. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
had no use for a new world; what they longed for was
an old world where precious commodities not to be
found in Europe could be procured.
In the days of Columbus many fables about islands
in the Atlantic Ocean were believed. One of these
stories was that when the Moors had conquered Spain,
seven bishops with a great many people had sailed
away into the Atlantic Ocean to an island where they
had founded seven splendid cities, and the imaginary
island on which they lived was called the Island of the
Seven Cities. Another tale was about an island called
St. Brandon, where a Scotch priest named St. Brandon
had landed in the sixth century. People believed so
firmly in these fantastic islands that the kings of Por-
- tugal several times gave them to subjects of theirs, who
never could succeed in finding their possessions. An
imaginary island in which the ancients had believed,
called Antilla, was looked for. There was still another
fabled island called Brazil, and an Englishman named
Thomas Lloyd had sailed to the west of Ireland in
1480 in search of it. After about nine months Lloyd’s
ships put into an Irish port, badly beaten by tempests,
and without having found the island of Brazil. People
living on the Maderia Islands thought they saw on clear
days a large island to the west, which they believed to
be St. Brandon. They sent in search of it, having first
taken care to procure a grant of St. Brandon, but their
island was never found. In spite of such disappoint-
ments, St. Brandon, the Seven Cities, Antilla, Brazil,
and other imaginary islands were ptit down on the maps
of that day. Columbus made a careful note of all these
tales. He too believed in the fabled islands, but he did
COLUMBUS IN PORTUGAL, 7
not want to make a random voyage in search of them, as
had other sailors. He only thought of them as conveni-
ent and encouraging stopping places in making the long
voyage westward to the shores of Japan and China.
All that was known about Japan in the days of
Columbus was that Marco Polo had reported that there
was an island, which he called Cipango, lying five hun-
dred leagues east of China. Marco Polo said that in
Cipango there was an abundance of precious stones,
while the king of that country lived in a palace the
roof of which was covered with plates of gold, just as
in Europe palaces are covered with plates of lead.
This story is not impossible, since temples roofed with
tiles of gold are not unknown in Asia to-day. Colum-
bus did not doubt the stories of “Marco Millions,â€
and he imagined himself sailing westward around the
world, and so reaching the Island of Japan and the land
of the Grand Khan. Thus the accounts of Marco Polo
had much to do with both the discoveries of Prince *
Henry on the coast of Africa and with the finding of a
new world in the West.
Columbus was not the only man who had the grand
idea of sailing west to reach the Kast. A great as-
tronomer named Paolo Toscanelli, who lived in Flor-
ence, had sent a letter to the Portuguese King, in which
he said that India could be reached bya shorter way
than that which the Portuguese were looking for around
Africa, and that this voyage should be made by sailing
always westward. Columbus wrote to Paolo Toscanelli
on the subject, and the great astronomer sent him a
copy of this letter. He also sent Columbus a map in
which the shores of Asia were made to come opposite to
28 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the shores of Europe, while the imaginary Antilla and
other islands, as well as the real J: apan, dotted the ocean
at convenient distances between the two continents.
We see that though Columbus was not the only person
who had the great idea, the difference between him and
other men was that he believed so strongly in his idea
that after he had once got it he thought of nothing
else, and tried for nothing else but to carry it out.
Since he was to find rich heathen lands, which, ac-
cording to the idea of those days, must be taken posses-
ee
od
a
See ores
6 ae 3S
g on 8 8 aryl
o an
ae Seven (ties % a
Tsland “aitiNe
c Ss 0) 3
Cape Verde Ts
6
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a
>> =
go 8
O38
2 a?
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Major Scaroye Is
MAP OF THE SUPPOSED WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
sion of and converted to Christianity, Columbus thought
it necessary to have a powerful king back of him.
Besides this, he was far too poor a man to pay the cost.
of such an expedition alone. From the days of Prince
Henry the Portuguese kings had known a great deal
about navigation and had “great heart,†as Columbus
himself said, in undertaking voyages of discovery.
Por TuGal
COLUMBUS. IN “Sibi = 6 Se 599
John II, the grand-nephew of Prince Henry, was now
on the throne. The king entertained learned men,
both Jews and Christians in his palace, and received
mariners from all parts of the world. While he reigned
some noble discoveries were made by his sailors.
Columbus had come to live in Portugal, the land of
discovery. He carried his project to John II, propos-
ing to him to find a way to the East Indies which
should be shorter than the way he was seeking around
Africa. The king kept Columbus waiting a long time,
and at length declined his proposal. There were sev-
eral reasons why so wise a king should have made this
mistake. Columbus was a poor stranger, and Portugal
did not need any longer to borrow its seafaring men
from other countries, since there were now many hardy
seamen in Portugal who had been taught in the school
of African explorations. Then, too, Columbus, poor as
he was, demanded great rewards for his discoveries; he
would have nothing less than the vice-royalty of the
lands which he should find, the title of admiral, and a
tenth part of the profits. He meant to make himself
rich as well as famous by his discoveries. King John
did not give such high rewards, and he was also perhaps
a little disappointed in the results of Portuguese explo-
rations, which had cost more than they had brought in.
As the Cape of Good Hope had not yet been found, the
success of the attempt to reach India remained still in
doubt. King John, however, did allow some of his
own subjects to try a voyage westward, but they re-
turned without having found land. This is said to.have
made Columbus very angry, for he felt that he had been
cheated.
30°08 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER V.
COLUMBUS IN SPAIN.
1485-1487.
Cotumsus must have been very much disappointed
when he was finally refused by King John, for Portugal
was really the only country which was niereted in dis-
covery. But he was a persistent man, and he did not
for a moment give up his plan. His brother Bartholo-
mew had come to Portugal to try his fortunes with
Christopher. Columbus now sent Bartholomew to pro-
pose the plan to the King of sens and the King of
France, while he
himself set out for
Spain. Knowing
that Spain was jeal-
ous of the discov-
erles of the Portu-
guese, he hoped that
asia the king and queen
oe of this country
MAP OF PORTUGAL, SPAIN, AND GENOA. would be pleased
with the idea of outdoing her neighbor in the race for
India. When Columbus left Portugal to seek his for-
tunes in Spain, somewhere about the year 1485, he left
his wife and several little children behind him.
At the time when Columbus went to Spain it was
APO UOT
COLUMBUS IN SPAIN. 31
governed by Ferdinand and Isabella. Before the time
of this king and queen the countsy had been divided up
into a great many king-
doms, and there were all
sorts of disorders, while
the Moors, who had once
conquered all Spain, were
at war almost continually
with the Christians. But
when Ferdinand, who was
heir to the throne of Ara-
gon, and Isabella, who
became Queen of Castile,
ius teloe minal men wae: were married, and other
small kingdoms came un-
der their rule, Spain began to be, for the first time,
a powerful country. Ferdinand and Isabella made it
their chief work to conquer the
Moors. At the time when Co-
lumbus came to Spain the Moors
had been driven intu the mount-
ain kingdom of Granada, and
here they were making their
last stand against the Christians.
King Ferdinand was a man
of middle height, with muscles
made hard and strong by exer-
cises at arms. He had chestnut
hair, a high forehead, which was PORTRAIT OF QUEEN ISABELLA.
also a little bald, crooked teeth,
and a face burned by constant exposure in war. His
voice was sharp, and his speech quick. He dressed
32 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
very plainly, for both Ferdinand and Isabella disliked
ostentation. When Ferdinand once wished to reprove
a courtier for dressing too finely, he laid his hand on
his own doublet and said :
“Excellent stuff this, it has lasted me three pairs of
sleeves.â€
Ferdinand was an able king, careful and business-
like. But Queen Isabella was much more loved than
he. Her complexion was fair, her hair auburn, and
her eyes blue and kindly. She was thought to be very
beautiful. She was, when her religious bigotry was
not aroused, a tender-hearted woman, and yet a queen
of much ability and force. She governed her own
kingdom, while Ferdinand governed his. During the
wars with the Moors she sometimes busied herself with
sending provisions to the army under command of the
king, and sometimes rode into camp to encourage the sol-
diers. Several suits of steel armor which Isabella wore
have been kept to this day. She rode great distances
on horseback, and sometimes, after spending the day
in business, she would sit up all night dictating dis-
patches.
This great king and queen were so busy with their
war against the Moors that it was very hard for Colum-
bus to get them to listen to his plans or to think about
them long at a time. The Spanish court was a camp
which moved from place to place as the war went on,
and Columbus had to follow it about. When he proposed
his project to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella they
called a council of the wisest men about the court to
hear what the stranger had to say, and to decide whether
it was possible to reach the islands of eastern Asia by
COLUMBUS IN SPAIN. 33
sailing to the west. The court was then at the city of
Salamanca, and it was during the winter of 1486-87.
The council of wise men which listened to the reasons
of Columbus for wishing to undertake so strange a voy-
age did not think it could be done. Ferdinand and
Isabella did not, however, entirely refuse to consider
the plans of Columbus, for he still followed the court
when it moved to the city of Cordova. The account
book of the royal treasurer of those days has been found,
SALAMANCA.
in which it is set down that on May 5, 1487, three
thousand marevedis were paid to Cristobal Colomo, for
this is what Columbus was then called in Spain. The
three thousand marevedis would be about seventy-five
dollars, but we must not forget that money would buy
a great deal more in those days than now. In this old
account book Columbus is set down as a stranger “em-
ployed in certain things for the service of their High-
nesses.†So we see that the poor foreigner who came
to propose an unheard of project was treated with kind-
ness,
34. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
- It is not known how Columbus had earned his living
in Spain before this, though it is told by some that he
made maps, and by others that he sold printed books.
Printed books were a new thing in those days, for print-
ing had not been very long invented, and Queen Isabella
was very much interested in promoting this new art.
COLUMBUS BEGS IN VAIN. 35
CHAPTER VI.
COLUMBUS BEGS IN VAIN.
1487-1491.
For some years Columbus followed the Spanish
court, trying to get the attention of the busy king and
queen, who could not think long of anything but their
war with the Moors. Sometimes he was noticed by
great men at court. Quintanilla, the treasurer of the
crown, pitied the poor foreigner, and gave him a home
in his own house for a while. Diego de Deza, the
bishop who taught the king’s son, was kind to Columbus,
and Juan Cabrero, who was first chamberlain to Ferdi-
nand, befriended him. Sometimes the king and queen
ordered money to be paid to him, or commanded the
towns that he had to pass through in going to court to
feed and lodge him. Still, there were times when
Columbus was very poor and wore a shabby mantle.
Many people laughed at his notions, and the very
children are said to have pointed to their foreheads
when he passed, to indicate that they thought him a
crazy fellow. ~
While Columbus was following the bustling court
from place to place, his wife and all of his children, ex-
cept one little boy named Diego, died in Portugal. Co-
lumbus afterward had this little Diego with him in
Spain. He had also another little son, whom he called
4
836 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Ferdinand. The mother of this child was named Beatriz
Enriquez, and lived in the city of Cordova.
Columbus was present when the king laid siege to
the Moorish city of Malaga, which was a rich and beauti-
ful town, adorned with lovely gardens. The people of
Malaga held out very obstinately, and in order that they
might know that the Christian army had come to stay,
CHILDREN MOCKING COLUMBUS.
Queen Isabella rode into the camp and took up her
abode there. It is not very likely that any one thought
much about the plans of Columbus during this busy
time, but he was there waiting as usual. The people of
COLUMBUS BEGS IN VAIN. By
Malaga were finally starved out, the city surrendered,
crosses and bells were put in the mosques, and the poor
inhabitants were enslaved as a punishment for their
stubborn courage.
Every year some great city was besieged and taken.
The next year, which was 1489, it was the Moorish city
of Beza. There were floods and a great scarcity of food
this year, and it was so hard to get money that Queen
Isabella is said to have pawned the crown jewels and
even the crown itself in order to carry on the war.
The lack of money, the continuance of the war, and the
great preparations for the wedding of the Princess Isa-
bella, the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, made it
useless for Columbus to try to gain the attention of the -
sovereigns. Disheartened, he turned away from the
Spanish court, intending to go to France or England to
look for help. There was, however, in Spain, a nobile-
man called the Duke of Medina-Celi, who was himself
almost a king, for he owned vessels and seaports, as well
as great lands. This duke befriended Columbus in his
time of discouragement. He took the poor foreigner
into his own house to live, and kept him for two years
among the many retainers that a great lord was accus- -
tomed to keep about him in those days. The duke was
interested in the project of Columbus, and thought to
let the stranger have three or four vessels at his own
cost, since that was all he needed to try his novel voyage.
The ships were made ready, but the duke dared not go
into this undertaking without first letting the monarchs
know about it. He wrote to the queen to ask her per-
’ mission, but she declined to allow the duke to send out
the ships on his own account.
38 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Columbus returned to court. Perhaps he hoped
that if the queen cared enough for his project to refuse
to let a subject undertake it she would carry it out her-
self. She did appoint the treasurer, Quintanilla, to ex-
amine the proposal of Columbus. But the king and
queen were making great preparations to lay siege to
the city of Granada, and Columbus was once more for-
gotten. He followed the Spanish court to the encamp-
VIEW OF THE ALHAMBRA ACROSS GRANADA.
ment before Granada. Queen Isabella, dressed in
armor, rode about the field on a beautiful horse, re-
viewing her troops. Once the fine tent in which she
slept caught fire, and the queen and her children were
barely saved from burning. Because of this accident,
and for the reason that winter was coming on, the
queen resolved to build solid houses of stone and mortar
for the encampment, so that there should be a city out-
side of a city. In less than three months, the new city
COLUMBUS BEGS IN VAIN. 89
had sprung up, which was called Santa Fé, or Holy Faith.
Amid all this tumult of work there was no hope for the
poor Genoese. Columbus was out of money and dis-
couraged. His brother Bartholomew had been to
England, where Henry VII was king, and had got some
encouragement there. He had then gone to France,
where he was kindly received by Anne de Beaujeu, who
governed for her young son, Charles VIII. So Colum-
bus resolved to journey either to France or England,
perhaps to both of these countries, and see what he
could do.
40 ' ‘THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER VII.
A FRIENDLY MONE.
yg.
Ir was quite likely that Columbus would have to
wait many years before he could prevail on the rulers
of England or France to undertake his discovery. It
was therefore necessary that he should provide for his
children as well asa poor man could. Ferdinand Co-
Iumbus was very young yet, and might be left with his ~
mother, but Columbus must find a home for Diego. He
made up his mind to take him to the town of Huelva,
where the child had an uncle and aunt, who could take
care of him. .
Columbus and his little boy traveled on foot. He
had almost reached the town of Huelva when he stopped
one day at the monastery of La Rabida, and begged the
porter to give him a little bread and water for the child.
The prior of the convent, named Juan Perez, happened
to see Columbus, and noticed that the poor stranger
spoke Spanish with the accent of a foreigner.
“Who are you, and where do you come from?†asked
the prior.
“T have come,†answered Columbus, “from the
court, where I have been to propose certain maritime
discoveries, engaging myself to make land at terra firma,
and demanding that they confide an expedition to me
A FRIENDLY MONK. 4]
for this purpose. But the men of the court have turned
my projects into derision, saying they were nothing
but air bubbles. Despairing of success, I have left the
court, and am going to Huelva, to the house of a man
named Muliar, husband of a sister of my wife.â€
The good monk wanted to hear what the plan of
Columbus was. So he invited him into the monastery,
WITH JUAN PEREZ AT THE MONASTERY,
and made him tell his story. Then he sent for a certain
doctor of medicine, named Garcia Hernandez, who lived
near by, in the town of Palos. This doctor knew some-
49 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
thing of the science of astronomy, and astronomy had
much to do with geography in those days, for it was
still rather a strange thing to believe that the world was
round, and it took something of an astronomer to have
faith in such an opinion.
The shabby stranger, the monk, and the doctor had
a long talk together, which ended in the monk’s believ-
ing in the possibility of the bold project of Colum-
bus. This same Juan Perez had once been confessor
to Queen Isabella. So he wrote a letter to the queen,
begging her not to let Columbus leave Spain from dis-
couragement. A pilot, named Sebastian Rodriguez,
carried the letter to court, while Columbus and the
little Diego stayed in the friendly convent. After
fourteen days, Rodriguez came back with an answer
from the queen, asking Juan Perez to come to court
and talk with her. So the good Perez saddled his mule
and set off secretly in the night to the court, which was
still in the city of Santa Fé, before Granada.
We do not know why Juan Perez made his journey
so privately, nor what he said to the queen when he saw
her once more, but we know that his friendship was
worth more to Columbus than the friendship of all the
great courtiers who had been kind to him at different
times. The queen sent Perez back for Columbus, and
at the same time she sent the navigator about seventy-
two dollars, which would be the same in value as two
hundred and sixteen dollars in our day. With part of
this money Columbus made haste to buy some decent
clothes and a mule, while he kept the rest to pay his
traveling expenses. He and Juan Perez journeyed
back to Santa Fé together with light hearts.
A FRIENDLY MONK. 43
After they reached court, Queen Isabella appointed
a conference of learned men to decide once more about
the scheme of Columbus. There was a great discussion
among these men. As for sailing partly around the
A WINDOW IN THE ALHAMBRA,
world, some did not think it could be done and others
were in favor of trying it. The Church fathers were
quoted toprove that there could be no human beings
living on the opposite side of the earth. According to
44. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
their notions, the people of Europe lived on the top of
the ball and it was impossible for men to exist on the
other side of the world, since they would have to walk
Ss 6 ote
GATEWAY OF GRANADA.
upside down. How was it possible for trees to grow
with their roots above them, and how could it rain and
snow upward? So strong was the notion that they lived
on the top of the earth that, years after, Columbus was
A FRIENDLY MONK. 45
said to have discovered “a considerable portion of the
lower world.â€
In the midst of this assembly sat Cardinal Mendoza,
who was called the Third King of Spain, because he was
so powerful. Just behind him sat Geraldini, the bishop
who taught the royal children. Geraldini remarked to
the great cardinal that the Church fathers were no
doubt excellent theologians, but only mediocre geogra-
phers, since the Portuguese had reached a point in the
other hemisphere where they could no longer see the
polar star, and had discovered another star at the south
pole, and yet they had found all the countries situated
under the torrid zone perfectly peopled.
The great cardinal favored the project of Columbus,
and so did most of the assembly. About this time the
city of Granada surrendered, and the war with the
Moors was at anend. The flag of Spain floated from
the highest tower of the beautiful palace called the Al-
hambra. Columbus saw Boabdil, the last of the Moor-
ish kings, come forth and kiss the hands of Ferdinand
and Isabella, and of the young prince Juan, who was
heir to the throne. Ferdinand and Isabella had made
themselves the greatest sovereigns in Christendom, but
they never once imagined that the discoveries of this
poor Genoese weaver, who had so long followed their
court and waited disconsolately in their ante-rooms,
would add more to the glory of their reign than their
great Moorish conquest.
46 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER VIII.
GETTING READY FOR THE VOYAGE.
1492...
It was in the very beginning of the year 1492, after
he had waited seven years in Spain, that Queen Isabella
agreed to send Columbus to seek a new way to India.
But there was still another disappointment in store for
the ambitious adventurer. He asked great rewards—tne
titles of admiral and viceroy and a share in the profits
arising from all the discoveries he should make. This
was too much, and Columbus would take nothing less,
so he turned his back once more on the Spanish court,
resolved to go immediately to France. After he had
gone, Luis de Santangel, an officer of King Ferdinand’s
Kingdom of Arragon, is said to have remonstrated with
Queen Isabella for letting such an opportunity slip.
The queen relented, and a courier was sent to bring
back the disappointed Columbus as he rode slowly
away on his mule So the poor man with the grand
projects returned to court once more, and this time no
objections were made to his demands.
There was some trouble about raising money enough
to send Columbus on his voyage. The queen wished |
him to wait until the Moors were expelled from Spain,
when the treasury would be filled with the money taken
from the conquered people. But Columbus would
GETTING READY FOR THE VOYAGE. AY
wait no longer. There is a story that Queen Isabella
offered to raise the money that was needed by pawning
her jewels, but this is not probable, since the queen’s
jewels had been already pawned, it is thought, to carry
on the war. At this moment, when the plans of
Columbus were likely to fail for want of a little money,
Luis de Santangel offered to lend the money to the
queen.
It would seem that King Ferdinand did not believe
in the project of Columbus, for he did not share in the
undertaking, and for some time after the discovery of
America only the Castilians, who were Isabella’s own
subjects, were allowed to send ships there.
At last the papers were signed. Columbus was to
have the title of admiral and the office of viceroy over
’ the lands that he should discover. He was to have a
tenth part of the gold, precious stones, pearls, silver,
spices, and other articles found in these lands, and if
he bore an eighth part of the expenses he was to have
an eighth part of the profits of all the voyages made,
while he and his family were to have the title of Don,
which was a great honor in those days, something like -
the title of Lord in English.
After all the long delays and the many doubts as to
whether it was best to undertake this famous first voy-
age of Columbus, it cost Queen Isabella only about
sixty thousand dollars. Columbus furnished one of
the three small ships which were to sail, and so did his
share toward the expenses. We do not know who it
was that lent to Columbus the money to do this, for he
was certainly too poor to do it himself.
The little town of Palos, which was near the monas-
48 THE STORY. OF COLUMBUS.
tery of La Rabida, had done something for which it
was. punished by being obliged to furnish two ships
every year to the crown. So the order was now given
that Palos should turn over its two ships to Columbus.
The royal order was read in the church of St. George
in Palos to the officers of the town and many of the
people. They promised to furnish the ships without
any trouble, but when it was found that they were to
sail. into unknown seas there was great horror. The
owners of the vessels thought that they would certainly
lose their ships, while common sailors refused to go on
any such voyage. When courtiers and learned men
were so uncertain about the undertaking, it is not
strange that it was altogether terrible to ignorant peo-
ple. Some of the men at court are said to have thought
that when Columbus had once sailed west, he would
find the roundness of the earth like a mountain, which
he could not sail up again to come home. The sailors
of Palos probably knew nothing about the earth being
round, but they had many strange beliefs about the Sea
of Darkness, as the Atlantic was called, and they thought
that they would never see Spain again if they ventured
off in this waste of waters.
When Queen Isabella heard of this new difficulty,
she sent a royal officer to see that ships were pressed
into the service, and offered to let criminals out of the
prisons if they would sail on the dreaded voyage. But
still there was a great deal of trouble to get ships and
men. A family of bold-seamen, called Pinzon, took an
interest in the expedition, however, and went to a great
deal of trouble to find men to go as sailors.
At last ships were found. Two of them were of
GETTING READY FOR THE VOYAGE. 49
the kind of vessel called caravels, and were not any
larger than the small craft which one sees to-day sailing
in rivers or coasting. Only
the largest of them was decked
over, the others were merely
open sailing boats, with cabins
built on the bow and stern,
one being a very small craft
with lateen sails. There was
a great deal of trouble before =
the ships could be got ready. A CARAVEL.
The men who calked them did
it badly and then ran away; some of the sailors de-
serted and concealed themselves; the owners of the
vessels were also willing to put obstacles in the way of
the voyage.
But everything was ready by the beginning of
August, 1492. Columbus was to sail in the largest
ship, which was called the Santa Maria, that is Holy
Mary, or as it was sometimes called The Marigalante,
which means The Gallant Mary. This ship belonged
toa man named Juan de la Cosa, who went along in
command of her. The second ship, which was the best
sailer, was called the Pinta. Her captain was Martin
Alonzo Pinzon, one of the family who had helped GCo-
lumbus to fit out for the voyage, while another Pinzon
was pilot. This ship belonged to two men of Palos,
named Gomes Rascon and Cristobal Quintero. These
two owners also sailed in their ship, as though they
could not bear to part company with their property on
so dangerous an expedition, and, in fact, they meant to
take the first opportunity to fetch the vessel back to
50 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Spain. The smallest ship, called the Nina, was com-
manded by another of the bold Pinzon family. The
sailors were a very mixed lot. Some of them were re-
leased prisoners, who would rather risk the horrors of
unknown seas than take their punishment at home; and
_we find that there was even one Englishman and one
Irishman in the motley company.
Before Columbus sailed he placed his two little boys,
Diego and Ferdinand, at school in the city of Cordova.
Diego was appointed a page to Prince Juan, the son of
the king and queen. This was an honor which was
usually granted only to the children of noble houses.
The little Diego, who was probably about ten years old
at this time, had to be sent to school for two years be-
fore he was fit to go to court and serve as page to a
prince.
Every one who was to sail on the expedition took
the sacrament before going. There were about ninety
people in all. Letters were sent from the King and
Queen of Spain, addressed to the Grand Khan, or Em-
peror of China, whom Columbus expected, without
doubt, to find. An interpreter was provided who was
supposed to speak Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Cop-
tic, and Armenian, for no one thought of anything but
of the possibility of reaching Eastern lands. There was
. asad parting at Palos, for the friends of those who
sailed had little hope of ever seeing them again. The
three little ships got under way at half an hour before
sunrise on the morning of the 3d of August, 1492.
. THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS, 51
CHAPTER IX.
THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS.
1492.
No doubt it was a moment of relief to Columbus
when he found himself fairly at sea, where his men
could not desert nor ship owners make any more delays;
but the ship owners were with him, and his joy was
short-lived. Rascon and Quintero, the proprietors of
the Pinta, contrived, it is said, to have her rudder
broken and unhung. The Pinta made signals of dis-
tress and the fleet was detained in a high sea. Martin
Alonzo Pinzon, who was captain of the Pinta, tied the |
rudder with ropes, but it gave -way again next day.
There was nothing to do but. to stop at the Canary
Islands: Columbus tried: to get another ship here, but
as he could not do this he had the Pinta repaired, and
at the same time had the lateen sails of the Nina changed
so that she could keep up with the other ships.
Columbus spent about three weeks at the Canary
Islands. While there he heard that some Portuguese
ships were seen hovering off Ferro Island. Afraid
that the Portuguese had heard of his expedition and
that they might try to intercept him, Columbus got
away as quickly as possible. For. two days he lay be-
calmed, however, between the islands of Gomara and
Tenerife. The sailors watched the voleano of Tenerife
5
32 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
smoking day and night. They had never seen anything
of the sort before, and the sight is said to have awak-
ened many fears, but Columbus explained it to them
and told them about Mount Etna.
On the 8th of September, at three o’clock in the
morning, the wind sprang up and the three little ships
were at length off for the New World. When they
saw the last of the Canaries the sailors sighed and
sobbed, for they thought they were doomed men; but
PEAK OF TENERIFE.
Columbus talked to them about the great countries to
which they were sailing, and inflamed their minds by
the promise of riches for them all. He saw that he was
in danger of failing because his men were faint-hearted,
so he did everything that he could to encourage them.
He kept two reckonings of the distance the ships had
sailed—one for the sailors, which he made every day
some leagues shorter than the actual distance, and a se-
eret reckoning for himself, which gave the true dis-
THE FIRST VOYAGE. OF COLUMBUS. 53
tance made. He did this because he knew that the
men would be disheartened if they knew how far they
were from home.
Three days after the ships left the Canary Islands a
piece of a mast was picked up. It had lain long in the
water, and seemed to have belonged to some large ship.
Perhaps some vessel had tried these seas before and
been lost. The men did not like the looks of this.
Three days later Columbus noticed that the needle of
the compass did not point directly toward the north
star. He had never heard of the variation of the
needle, now so well known to all mariners, and he was
at a loss to understand it as many learned men have
been since. In a few days the pilots noticed it and
were anxious, for if the compass should fail them in this
unknown ocean what would they do? But Columbus
had invented a theory to explain it, and made use of it
to reassure the pilots.
The fleet presently entered the region of the trade
winds which blow steadily from east to west, following
the course of the sun. The ships were blown gently
westward, while the air was so sweet and mild that Co-
lumbus said it would have been like April in Andalusia
or southern Spain if one might but have heard the song
of the nightingale. A heron and a water-wagtail flew
over the vessels and rejoiced the hearts of the men, for
they thought that these birds would not fly far away
from land.
The ships at length began to sail past great patches
of green and yellow weeds floating on the water. Sure-
ly these weeds must have come from some island or
reef. On one of the patches Columbus found a live
54. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
crab. He kept it very carefully, for it was encouraging
to see life in this great waste of waters. When night
came on the ships plowed through schools of tunny fish,
and the sailors amused themselves by throwing the har-
poon at them. The crew of the Nina succeeded in kill-
ing one of these fish with a harpoon.
The smallest things were noticed on this first advent-
urous voyage. At three hundred and sixty leagues
Agores ze
THE CANARY ISLANDS AND THE AZORES.
from the Canaries another water-wagtail was seen. The
weather continued to be mild. There was a gentle
breeze, while Columbus said that the sea was as calm as
the river Guadalquiver at Seville. The Pinta, being the
best sailer, pushed ahead. Presently she waited for the
admiral’s ship, and Pinzon, who was her captain, called
out that he had seen a great many birds flying toward
THE: FIRST VOYAGE OF- COLUMBUS. 55
the sunset and also that he had seen land covered with
clouds to the north; but Columbus would not turn out
of his course to look for land, though his men wanted
’ him to. He believed in land to the west, and he did not
wish to waste his time in sailing hither and thither.
The wind began to freshen and the sailors had to short-
en sail for the first time in a dozen days.
The next day there were drizzling showers, which
Columbus thought were a sign that land was near.
Two pelicans lit on the ships, and he told his men that
these birds did not often fly twenty leagues from shore.
Perhaps the ships were passing between islands, but
still Columbus would not change his course. He sound-
ed, however, with a line two hundred fathoms long, but
there was no bottom, and this certainly did not look as
though land were near.
The men had for a long time been discontented in
spite of drizzling showers, weeds, live crabs, and water-
wagtails. They were long out of sight of land, no
other ships had ever sailed in these seas, so that there
was no hope of rescue if they got into trouble.
They did not like it that the wind blew always from
the stern of the ship, for if the wind blew always one
way how were they to reach home when they turned
about? Then, too, they were afraid that the ships
might be caught in one of those great fields of tangled
weeds as they had heard of ships being caught in frozen
seas.
It is not strange that the sailors were frightened.
Many of them had been forced into this most audacious
sea adventure that the world had ever known. Each
day that they were disappointed in looking for land
56: THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
they thought how much farther they were from home.
They had already sailed quite far enough to have made
theirs one of the most wonderful of voyages.
One day there was a light wind blowing from the
southwest, which was lucky for Columbus, for it proved
that the wind did not always come from the east.
Three little birds, which the men thought must have
come from groves or orchards, lit singing on the masts
in the morning and flew away again at night. Big
. birds, it was thought, might fly very far out to sea, but
it was impossible that these tiny creatures would vent-
ure very far. Still, no land was seen and the breezes
from the southwest were so light that they scarcely ruf-
fled the water. The men began to complain that they
could never reach home with such feeble winds. Co-
Jumbus tried to encourage them; but when he had be-
gun to be afraid that he could not restrain them much
longer, there came up a great wind from the northwest,
and the sea was quite rough enough to satisfy any one
that the wind did not always blow from one quarter.
This same day a dove flew over the ships, and to-
ward evening the men saw a pelican, a little river bird,
and a white bird. There were also several live crabs
on the floating. weeds, and they discovered fishes swim-
ming about the ships. Columbus made the most of
every sign that land was near, but, under such circum-
stances, men grew tired of signs. The sailors began to
say to one another that the admiral was a foreigner,
who, for the mere fancy of making himself a great
name and being called Don, made a game of exposing
them to the greatest dangers and leading them to cer-
tain death, If Columbus would not consent to return,
THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS. __— 54
they might throw him in the sea, and say that he had
fallen in while gazing at the stars, as was his habit.
Meantime the wind was favorable again on the 25th
of September and the air was soft and mild. The ves-
sels sailed near each other, while Columbus talked with
Pinzon, the captain of the Pinta, about the map which
Columbus had brought with him and which Pinzon had
borrowed a day or two before. Pinzon thought that
they might now be near Japan. Columbus agreed with
him, but thought that the currents of the ocean might
have carried the ships out of their course. He wished
to look at the map again. Pinzon tied a rope to it and
threw it on board the admiral’s ship. While Columbus
and his pilot were studying the map, Pinzon, who was
standing on the high stern of the Pinta, shouted :
“Land! land! Sefior, I claim my reward! â€
The reason that Pinzon said this was that the king
and queen had offered a velvet coat and a pension to
the one who should first see land; but he who gave a
false alarm could not claim the reward again. The cap-
tain of the Pinta pointed to the southwest. Yes, every
one saw land there. Columbus threw himself on his
knees and thanked God. It was growing dark, so he
ordered that the ships should head toward the land in
the night; but in the morning there was no land to
be seen. Pinzon had been deceived again by sunset
clouds.
The ships sailed on with a soft wind and a calm sea.
In spite of their disappointment the sailors amused
themselves by swimming about the ships. The men
began to see dolphins, while flying fish fell on the decks
of the ships. Four water-wagtails lit on the admiral’s
58 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ship. So many birds of a kind, said Columbus, would
not have ventured far from land. The Nina was the
next to discover land, but it was again a false alarm.
There began to be great flocks of birds flying over the
ships. The sailors, however, were disheartened and
would hear no more of signs. They had been a month
out of sight of land, always on the lookout, and yet the
sun rose day after day out of the boundless water and
set again in the ocean. At sunset Columbus noticed
that the birds all flew toward the southwest as though
they were going to their roosting place, which must be
on land. Remembering that the Portuguese had often
found land by following the flight of the birds at sun-
set, Columbus changed his course to the southwest.
The 11th of October came. The air was sweet with
land odors, fresh weeds floated by the ships, while the
men saw a kind of green fish which lives about. rocks.
But, better than all, they picked up a thorny branch
with red berries growing on it which was freshly
broken from the tree. Then, too, they found a reed, a
small board, and a stick which had been carved by
hand. Even the discontented men could not doubt
that land was near. In the evening, after all hands
had sung the Salve Regina as usual, Columbus made
his men a little speech, in which he told them how good
God had been to bring them so far safely, telling them
that as they had that day seen such sure signs of land
they had better keep a lookout during the night.
LAND AT LAST, . 59
CHAPTER X.
LAND AT LAST.
1492.
_ No eyes were closed on board the three little ships
that night. The Pinta pushed ahead as usual. All
were eagerly on the lookout. About ten o’clock, Co-
lumbus, who was standing on the high poop of his ship,
saw a faint, trembling light. It appeared and disap-
peared, as though it might be a torch in a fisherman’s
boat which was being tossed up and down on the water,
or perhaps a small candle being carried from one house
to another on land. At two o’clock in the morning a
gun was fired-by the Pinta. A sailor on board this
ship had seen land.. The sails were now furled and the
men spent the hours till daylight in rejoicings. Colum-
bus must have been the happiest of them all. The poor
. weaver had made himself one of the greatest of men by
the success of this voyage. ~
It was the 12th of October, 1492. After having
been thirty-three days out of sight of land, Columbus
and his men saw at daylight a low island covered with
beautiful tropical trees, blooming and bearing fruit at
a time of the year when the leaves were falling in
Spain. It is not known to-day which island in the
West Indies is the one at which Columbus first landed.
It is a question between Watling’s Island, Grand Turk
60 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Island, Cat Island, Mayaquana, Samana, and Acklin’s
Island.
It was soon evident that the island was peopled, for
men were seen running out of the woods to look at the
ships. The Spaniards were, no doubt, too much de-
lighted to see green land once more to be disappointed -
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MAP SHOWING THE ISLANDS AT WHICH COLUMBUS LANDED.
when they found that these men were naked, and that
nothing was to be seen of the magnificent cities of
Japan.
The ships’ boats were manned, and the Spaniards
made haste to the shore, carrying the flags of the expedi-
tion, which had 4 green cross on one side and the initials
of Ferdinand and Isabella, surmounted by crowns, on
the other side. Columbus had dressed himself richly in
scarlet for this great occasion. When the boats touched
shore, admiral and men leaped out, threw themselves on
LAND AT LAST, 61
the earth, and kissed it. Columbus, when he had
arisen, solemnly took possession of the island in the
name of the king and queen and called it San Salvador,
or Holy Saviour. He was then greeted by his men as
SUR To
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AN
OLD PRINT OF 1500, SHOWING COLUMBUS LANDING AND THE KING OF SPAIN
SENDING SHIPS ACROSS TO AMERICA,
viceroy of this new world, and they humbly begged
his pardon for any offenses they had given him during
the voyage.
The naked Indians assisted at the ceremony by star-
62 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ing very hard, having not the smallest idea that their
country was being taken possession of. It is said that
when the natives first saw the ships in the early morn-
ing, they thought them some kind of strange animal.
Now, however, they imagined that these men had come
down from the’sky by means of the wings which they
saw on their ships. After they had got a little used
to the strangers they came near them, touching their
beards, and wondering at the whiteness of their hands
and faces. Columbus was pleased with the gentle, sini-
ple ways of these islanders. He gave them red caps,
necklaces of glass beads, and other such things as the
Portuguese used in trading with the negroes of Guinea.
The Indians were delighted with their gifts, and made
haste to put the strings of beads around their necks to
enjoy the effect.
After resting on shore all day, Columbus and his
men returned to their ships. Meantime the news was
spreading among the natives, and each one was anxious
to get some treasure of the men from the skies before
they flew away again in their winged boats. They pad-
dled up to the fleet in- canoes or swam out, bringing
live. parrots and great balls-of cotton yarn to exchange
for anything the white men would give them. They
were ready to give the few gold ornaments they had for
a piece of broken dish, a scrap of glass, an end of a
strap, or a bit of a barrel hoop; but Columbus would
not let his men trade with the Indians for anything less
valuable than beads or bells. When night came the In-
dians disappeared, only to swarm about the ships again
when day returned. Their canoes were made of the
trunks of trees hollowed out. They turned over very
LAND AT LAST. 63
easily, but this did not trouble the natives, for they had
no clothes to wet, and they swam about in the warm
water until they could right their boats once more, bal-
ing the water out with calabashes. After a day or two
the Indians began to feel themselves at home on the
ships, and those who had nothing to trade would seize
some trifle which had taken their fancy and, jumping
overboard, swim ashore with it.
Columbus explored the coast of the island for some
distance in the ships’ boats. As the white men coasted
the island, natives came out from the woods to see
them, and ran along shore after them, offering them
. food and trying to get them to come to land. As they
did not do this, the Indians swarmed about them in
canoes or swam to them, making signs to them to know
whether they had come down from the sky. Colum-
bus was pleased with their simplicity, and gave them
pins and other trinkets, with which they were highly
delighted. After exploring part of the shore of the
island, he resolved to push on for China or Japan.
Marco Polo had said that there were over seven
thousand islands extending along the coast of Asia,
where spices and scented woods grew. Columbus
thought that he must be among these islands, and it
only remained to find Japan, or the country of the
Grand Khan—that is, China. Columbus asked the In-
dians where they got their gold ornaments, and, as they
pointed toward the southwest and seemed to say some-
thing about a great monarch who used dishes of gold,
he decided to go in search of this desirable king. Co-
lumbus carried away seven of the natives of San Salva-
dor to teach them Spanish and make use of them as in-
-64. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
terpreters. He noticed that these men were not nearly
so dark as the negroes of Africa, while their hair was
not curly, but flowing. Some of them were covered
with red, white, and black paint, others were only colored
about the eyes and nose.
A CALABASH.
EXPLORING IN THE WEST INDIES. 65
CHAPTER XI.
EXPLORING IN THE WEST INDIES.
1492.
Cotumsvs could see many islands from his ship, and
it was hard to decide which one to visit first. His In-
dian guides seemed to say by signs that at a neighbor-
ing island the natives wore bracelets and anklets of gold,
so Columbus sailed for this. He landed and took pos-
session with the same ceremonies that he had used on
San Salvador, calling the island Santa Maria. Santa
Maria proved to be very much like the first one; the
natives were quite as much astonished, they were quite
as naked, and gold was quite as scarce. So Columbus
decided to proceed to another and much larger island.
As the ships were about to:sail, one of his Indian guides,
who was on board the Nina, seeing that the white men -
were going so far away from his home on San Salvador,
jumped into the water and swam to a canoe full of
natives which was near. The sailors gave chase, but the
Indians were too quick for them. They paddled ashore
and ran into the woods, while the men took their re-
venge by capturing their canoe and tieing it behind the
Nina. Columbus regretted this incident, since he did
not want the Indians to be afraid of the white men. A
canoe was approaching the ships from another part of
the island with one native in it. This fellow was com-
66 THE STORY .OF COLUMBUS,
ing to trade a ball of cotton yarn for some hawk’s shells.
He stopped when he got near the ships, and seemed
afraid to come nearer. Two or three sailors jumped
overboard and captured him. Columbus ‘stood on the
poop of his ship. He ordered the Indian to be brought
to him. The poor fellow came trembling and holding
out his ball of yarn as an offering. But Columbus put
a red cap on his head, strings of green beads about his
arms, and hung little bells on his ears. He then had
the fellow put in his canoe with his ball of cotton yarn
and set free. He also made the sailors of the Nina let
the canoe go that they had captured, so that the Indians
to whom it belonged might find it again.
The ships now made for the larger island, and pres-
ently they ran across an Indian alone in a canoe, pad-
dling across the wide gulf between the islands. He had
a little cassava bread, which was the chief food of these
INDIAN PADDLING IN A DUG-OUT.
people, and a gourd of water for supplies. He had also
a little red earth with which to paint himself on his ar-
rival, and some dry leaves, which the white men thought
were medicine. It is quite likely that they were leaves
of tobacco. He wore a string of the white men’s beads
around his neck, and was no doubt paddling to other
EXPLORING IN THE WEST INDIES. 67
islands to astonish the natives with his finery, and to
tell the story of howhe had got it. As he seemed tired
with paddling so far, the Spaniards took him on board,
canoe and all. They fed him on bread, honey, and
wine. The sea was.so calm that the fleet did not reach
the large island until night. The ships lay to until
morning, but they put out the Indian boatman with his
canoe, his treasures, and some presents, which Columbus
had given him. He paddled ashore, and soon spread
the news of the kindness of these strangers. The natives
began coming out to the ships in the night, bringing
fruit, roots, and spring water. Columbus gave them
trinkets, and when any of them came on board, he gave
him sugar and honey to eat, sweets being a great novelty
to the Indians.
Columbus named the island Fernandina, for the king.
The people of this island sometimes wore a cotton mantle
over the shoulders, or a sort of apron tied around the
waist. Their houses were circular bowers, made of
branches, reeds, and palm leaves. Under these tent-like
roofs were nets made of cotton cord, stretched from one
post to another, for beds. The Indians called these beds
hamacs, and so it is from these simple people that we
get our hammock, even to the name.
The admiral sailed along the shore of Fernandina.
While the men landed to fill their water barrels, Co-
lumbus went ashore and walked about. The great
tropical forests filled him with admiration. “The coun-
try,†said he, “was as fresh as the month of May in
Andalusia; the trees, the fruits, the herbs, the flowers,
the very stones, for the most part, as different from
those of Spain as night is from day.†The Indians
6
68 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
made haste to fill the casks for their visitors from cool
springs or little brooks.
Columbus sailed away from Fernandina in search of
an island which the Indians described by signs.as hav-
ing a gold mine, and also a king who dressed in fine
stuffs and wore golden ornaments. He discovered an
island which he called Isabella. “There came off a
fragrance,†said Columbus, “so good and soft of the ©
flowers and trees of the land that it was the sweetest
thing in the world.†THe landed on this island without
finding any sign of either gold mine or king, but he
was delighted with the country. “I know not where
first to go,†he said, “nor are my eyes ever weary of
gazing on the beautiful verdure. The singing of the
birds is such that it seems as if one would never desire
to depart hence. There are flocks of parrots which
darken the sun, and other birds, large and small, of so
many kinds and so different from ours that it is won-
derful; and, besides, there are trees of a thousand spe-
cies, each having its particular fruit and all of a marvel-
ous flavor, so that I am in the greatest trouble in the
world because I do not know them, for I am very cer-
tain that they are each of great value.†Columbus did
not doubt that many of these strange growths which he
saw would be much prized in Spain for medicines and
spices. He thought that he was in the East Indies,
where valuable herbs and well-known spices grow. He
did not fancy for a moment that he was in a new world
where the plants were strange to Europeans, who had
yet to learn their use and value.
When the admiral asked the Indians of this island
where gold was to be found, they pointed south and
EXPLORING IN THE WEST INDIES, - 69-
said something about a large island called Cuba. He un-
derstood by their signs that there were gold, pearls, and
spices there, and that large ships came there to trade.
These, he made no doubt, were the ships of the Grand
Khan, and the island must be Cipango or Japan. Co-
lumbus thought to sail there and load up with gold and
precious stones. He purposed then to sail to China,
where he would deliver his letters to the Grand Khan,
and return in triumph into Spain.
“70 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XII
COLUMBUS VISITS CUBA.
1492.
Wuen Columbus neared the northern coast of Cuba
he found that it was very large, with high mountains,
beautiful valleys, and fine rivers. He landed in the
mouth of one of these rivers and named the island
Juana, after the little Spanish prince Juan, in whose
suite his son Diego was to be a page. Two cabins
stood near the place at which the Spaniards landed.
The people who lived in them fled into the forest when
they saw the strange visitors approaching. On examin-
ing the cabins the seamen found nothing in them but
some nets made of palm-tree fibers and harpoons made
of bone. Columbus forbade his men touching any of
these things.
Cuba was the most beautiful of all the islands that
had yet been discovered. The lofty trees were covered
with a fine foliage, laden with beautiful blossoms or
fruit, and peopled with birds of brilliant hue. Colum-
bus did not doubt that the sweet odors filling the air
came from spice trees. He believed that there were
gold mines in the interior and that the oysters which he
saw in the water bore pearls.
The admiral coasted along the shore of Cuba, uncer-
tain whether it was the island of Japan or the mainland
COLUMBUS VISITS CUBA. TW
of China. He visited a village, but the terrified people
fled to the mountains. The houses at this place were bet-
ter built than any Indian cabins he had seen before, and he
found in them rude wood carvings and masks. Colum-
bus, ever hopeful, now felt sure that he would soon dis-
cover signs of a more advanced civilization, and be-
lieved that he was nearing an important kingdom.
These people, he fancied, might prove to be tribes of
poor fishermen living on the coast and selling their fish
at cities in the interior. He presently found what he
took to be skulls of cows, which proved to his satisfac-
tion that there were cattle in Cuba, but they were in
reality the skulls of what is known as the sea cow.
The Spaniards reached at length a large cape which
was covered with palms. Three of the San Salvador
Indians told Pinzon that behind this cape was a river
which led to a country called Cuba-nacan, where there
was much gold. In their language OCuba-nacan meant
middle Cuba, nacan meaning middle; but Pinzon was
certain that Cuba-nacan was Kublai Khan, the Emperor
of China. If this were true this beautiful country
would prove to be not Japan, but the mainland of
China, The Spaniards set out to look for the river
beyond the cape; but there was no river there, and
contrary winds set in so that the ships had to turn
back.
It was now the 1st of November. Columbus sent
some men ashore to see the natives; but the Indians
ran away as soon as the white men landed. When
the Spaniards returned to their boats, the natives came
back and stared at them from the shore. Columbus,
who had learned his Marco Polo pretty well by heart,
42 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
remembered that the Grand Khan was in the habit
of sending ships to capture the natives of the islands
for slaves. No doubt this was one of the islands
visited by the slave ships of the Khan, and hence the
reason for the alarm of the natives at the sight of ves-
sels. With this idea in his head, Columbus sent one of
his Indians ashore in a boat, charging him to tell the
natives that the Spaniards were peaceable and that they
had nothing to do with the Grand Khan. As the Indi-
an interpreter knew nothing of the Grand Khan and
little of the Spanish tongue, he probably said that the
white men were good people and very generous in giv-
ing away some very desirable articles, such as beads and
bells. At any rate, he made a speech to the natives
from the ship’s boats, and then jumped out and swam
ashore. Before night, sixteen canoes came out to the
ships. The Indians brought cotton yarn and other
such things to trade; but Columbus forbade trading for
anything except gold, thinking he could in this way
make the Indians bring out their hidden treasures.
They really had nothing of value, however, except a sil-
ver nose ornament which one of them wore. These
people said that their king lived inland, and that they
had sent messengers to him to let him know of the
presence of the white men.
Columbus thought that this must be some petty mon-
arch, so he concluded to send messengers himself to find
out how rich he was, and what he knew about the Grand
Khan. He sent one Spaniard, one converted Jew, and
two Indians on this errand. The Jew was sent because
he could speak Hebrew, and some other Eastern tongues.
As Columbus believed that he was on the coast of Asia,
COLUMBUS VISITS CUBA. %3
he thought it likely that the Jew would be able to talk
with the king of this country. The messengers were
to ask the distance to certain seaports in Asia, and were
to show cinnamon, nutmegs, cloves, peppers, rhubarb,
and so forth, to the king, and find out if these things
grew here.
Columbus had his ships careened and calked while
he was waiting for his messengers to return. He showed
the Indians who hung around him gold and pearls.
They used the word bozo, and sometimes babegue, when
they saw gold. Some old fellows told Columbus that
there was a country where the people wore such things
in their ears and around their necks. They also told
about people who had one eye, and others who had
dogs’ heads. Perhaps they believed these tales them-
selves, but it is also possible that they only wished to
give the white men some stories large enough to suit
them, or that they were speaking figuratively, after the
manner of Indians, and were misunderstood.
' Meantime, the town of the inland king, where the
messengers had gone, proved to be an Indian village of
some fifty houses. The white men were received with
every honor, and seated on some curious reclining chairs
in the shape of hammocks, carved to look like animals
with short legs and a flattened tail. The tail was curved
upward to serve as a back, and the eyes and ears were
incrusted with gold.
The visitors were fed on fruits and vegetables, and
their hands and feet were kissed by the men and women
of the place. But the people of the village spoke neither
Hebrew, Arabic, Coptic, nor Armenian, and so one of
the Indian interpreters had to make a speech, in which
74. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
he told them among other things that the white men
had come from heaven.
As there was nothing to be learned here concerning
the whereabouts of the Emperor of China, the Spaniard,
CHAIR SUCH AS COLUMBUS'S MESSENGERS SAT IN.
FOUND IN A CAVE ON TURK’S ISLAND.
the Jew, and the two Indians set out on their return
journey. On their way back they met Indians carrying
firebrands with them, so that they might light fires with
which to cook a certain root. This root was nothing
less than the potato, and this was the first time that a
white man sawit. The potato was destined to be worth
more to Europe than all the spices for which Columbus
was looking, but of course the Spaniards did not sus-
pect this. These messengers also saw Indians rolling
up dry leaves within a dry leaf, and then lighting one
end of the roll and sucking the smoke into their mouths.
The Indians called these rolls of dried leaves tobaccos.
The innocent white man could not imagine why the
Indians smoked these leaves, unless it were to perfume
themselves. The same messengers were the first Euro
. COLUMBUS VISITS CUBA. %5
peans who saw fields of Indian corn; they also saw fields
planted with potatoes, others with the yucca, the root
of which was made into cassava bread, besides fields of
cotton, which the Indians spun and made into hammocks
or wove into a sort of apron, which the women some-
times wore.
Though the white men had discovered so much that
was new and wonderful, Columbus could not find that
he was any nearer the Eastern cities for which he was
looking. So, taking some of the natives of Cuba with
him, he set out in search of the land of Bohio or Ba-
beque, which the Indians seemed to speak of as the land
of gold.
"6 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE DISCOVERY OF HAYTI.
"1492.
TrRouBLED by contrary winds, Columbus did not
make any new discoveries for some days. He beat
about in sight of the island of Isabella, but feared to
touch here lest he should lose his Indian guides, who
did not like being kidnaped by the white men. The
poor fellows kept a wistful eye toward San Salvador,
which was their home. Meantime Pinzon thought he
would try a little voyage on his own account. The
Spaniards were all greedy for gold. One of the Indians
on board Pinzon’s ship had made him believe that he
could guide him to a land of great riches. Columbus —
had signaled to the Pinta to join him, but she worked
gradually away, and by another morning she was out
of sight. This made Columbus angry, for it was the
duty of Pinzon to obey him, as the admiral of the fleet.
Columbus now returned to Cuba, and did some more
sailing along its coasts. He found in one of the Indian
cabins a cake of wax, which he took as a present to the
king and queef, “for where there is wax,†he said,
“there must be a thousand other good things.†He
finally reached the eastern end of Cuba, which he
thought to be the eastern end of Asia, though he called
it India, for the different parts of Asia were very much
THE DISCOVERY OF HAYTI. 7
mixed in people’s minds in those days. Columbus did
not know which way to turn. As he was sailing about
in uncertainty, he saw land to the southeast. The Indi-
ans said “Bohio†when they saw this land, and, as Co-
lumbus thought that doh¢o meant a land where there was
much gold, he steered for it. The word bohio is still
used in Santo Domingo for a cabin, and no doubt the
simple guides meant that there were many cabins here.
Columbus saw that he was coming to a beautiful shore,
with high mountains, rich plains, and everywhere grand
tropical forests. At night, the Spaniards could see
many fires, while in the day-time numerous columns of
smoke rose from the land, and there seemed to be many
cultivated fields. They coasted along the northern
shore of the island, for this was the island of Hayti, or
Santo Domingo, as we call it to-day. There were noble
mountains, covered with forests of the most valuable
trees, and between them lay beautiful savannas, where
there were fields of grain growing, decorated here and
there with palms. There were so many fish in the sea
that they sometimes jumped into the Spaniards’ boats,
and the voyagers heard what they thought to be the
song of the nightingale in the woods, though there are
no nightingales in America. .
The island of Hayti seemed to Columbus the most
beautiful of all; he therefore named it for Spain, His-
paniola. When the white men landed, they found that
the people had all fled. As Columbus could see culti-
vated fields, he thought that the people of Hispaniola
were perhaps more civilized than the other Indians that
he had found. Columbus set up a cross to show that
he took possession of the country. Three sailors, who
43 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
wandered about in the woods while this ceremony was
being performed, happened on a crowd of Indians, who
ran away very fast, not being troubled with any clothes
to hinder them. The sailors ran after them and caught
one young woman, whom they took back to the ships.
As she wore no clothing
whatever, it was necessary
to give up the theory that
the natives of Hayti might
be more civilized than those
of other islands; but, on
the other hand, the young
woman, not to be wholly
without decoration, wore a
gold ornament in her nose,
which gave the Spaniards
encouragement. Columbus
caused the woman to be
clad, presented her with
some trifles, and then set
her free. In that warm
climate this young savage
may not have enjoyed the
clothing very much, but she
a Boe cewimer vide piles was no doubt delighted with
her beads and bells.
The next day the admiral sent some men and a
Cuban Indian on shore to see if they could not get a
chance to talk with the people of the village from which
the woman had come. The messengers, after walking
a considerable distance, found a large Indian village in
a beautiful valley on the shores of a river. Here were
THE DISCOVERY OF HAYTI. 19
banana and palm trees, with birds gayly singing among
the branches, though it was now December. There
were a thousand houses in this town, but people there
were none; all had taken flight. The Ouban Indian
was sent in pursuit of them. They were not so much
afraid of a naked man of their own color, so they let
‘ him come near, and listened while he persuaded them
to return and see the visitors from the skies. The
Indians after a while ventured slowly back, stopping
every now and then to put their hands on their heads,
which was either an act of politeness with them or some
charm to keep them from harm at the hands of these
strange beings. A second company of Indians arrived
soon after, carrying the woman whom the Spaniards
had clothed upon their shoulders, to show how pleased
they were with the treatment she had received. The
savages gave the white men food and whatever else
they required. They wished them to stay in their vil-
lage all night, but the messengers returned to the ships.
They told Columbus that they had seen a very rich and
beautiful country, and that the people were finer looking
and lighter colored than the Indians they had seen in
the other islands.
Columbus prosecuted his voyage still farther along
the northern coast of Hayti. One night, when he was
in the channel between the islands of Tortuga and His-
paniola, he came upon an Indian paddling alone in a
canoe. He wondered that a man should venture so far
from land when the wind was blowing hard and the sea
was rough. He did not see how the fellow could keep
his tiny boat from turning over. The Spaniards picked
up this solitary navigator, took his canoe in tow, fed
80 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
him with sweets, decked him with beads and hawkbells,
and then sent him ashore on the island of Hispaniola.
When the Indian told his friends how well he had been
treated, they soon came out to the ships with their usual
merchandise to trade for gewgaws. They wore some
gold ornaments, which gave the Spaniards new hopes.
The signs of gold increased. One chief was found
who cut a plate of gold as large as his hand into pieces
and traded it with the white men. He promised to
bring more gold the following day. The next day
some sailors, who had been ashore, hastened on board
to tell Columbus that this king was coming to see him;
not on foot, however, though he was a young man, but
carried on a sort of hand-barrow or litter, by four men.
When he arrived, Columbus was eating his dinner in
the cabin. He ordered the monarch of the hand-barrow
to be brought to him. The king entered the cabin of
Columbus, commanding his followers with a wave of
the hand to stay outside, which they did, squatting on
the deck, except two old men, who entered with the
king and sat at his feet. Columbus, always ready to
apply European notions to. America, conjectured that
one of these men was the king’s tutor and the other his
counselor. This savage monarch would not permit the
admiral to rise from his dinner, so Columbus caused
some of his dishes to be offered to the chief. The latter
tasted each dish very daintily, and then turned it over
to the tutor and counselor, who devoured it quickly
enough. He did the same with the drinks that were
offered him, and Columbus was charmed with his air of
stately dignity. He spoke little, but Columbus was sure
that what he said must be very judicious, though he did
The Indian monarch and his councillors visit Columbus.
THE DISCOVERY OF HAYTI. 81
not understand a word of it. After dinner was over,
one of the officers of this king brought a belt, which
the white men thought almost as fine as a Spanish belt,
though of a different workmanship. This is the first
time in history that we hear of the wampum belt, which
Indian chiefs used in making a friendly treaty. It is
strange that these island chiefs should have had the
same custom as our North American Indians.
The king gave the admiral the belt and two very
tiny morsels of worked gold. Seeing that his guest ad-
mired the cover of his bed very much, Columbus took
it off and made him a present of it. He also gave him
several amber beads, which he wore around his own
neck, some red shoes, and a bottle of orange water.
The king was very much delighted and astonished with
the scent of the orange water. The admiral thought he
said that he was sorry that they could not understand
each other, and that he was the king of the whole island.
Columbus showed him a gold ducat with the heads of
Ferdinand and Isabella stamped on it, and some royal
banners. The king remarked that these monarchs no
doubt lived in the heavens. He was sent ashore in the
ship’s boat, with every honor, for Columbus was im-
pressed with the dignity of a king who made his jour-
neys on a hand-barrow. Having reached the shore, the
chief once more mounted his litter, while one of his
sons was carried behind him on the shoulder of an In-
dian subject. Perhaps this was the crown prince.
82 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XIV.
WRECKED.
1492.
Ir was Christmas eve. The sea was as calm as the
water in a porringer, to use the words of Columbus.
The admiral had not slept for two days and a night, so
he left the helm in the hands of an experienced pilot
and went to bed about eleven o’clock. Columbus was
no sooner asleep than the helmsman turned the rudder
over to a boy, and went to sleep himself. Meantime
the currents drew the ship slowly toward a sand bank.
She touched so softly that there was almost no shock.
The boy who was steering felt the helm stop and heard
the breakers on the sand bar. He began to ery out.
Columbus was on his feet in an instant, and was the
first man on deck. The pilot and several sailors ran
out next. Columbus ordered them to get into the boat
and throw out an anchor astern in order to warp the
ship off. Instead of doing this the cowards rowed for
the Nina, which was half a league away.
Meantime the current was driving the ship farther
and farther on the bar. Columbus had her mast cut
away, hoping that this would lighten her so that she
would float once more. But it did no good. The vessel
settled on her side, and her seams began to open. The
men on the Nina would have nothing to do with the
WRECKED. 83
runaway sailors, so they presently came back to their
own ship, when it was too late to be of any service.
SHIPWREOK,
There was nothing for the crew to do but to take refuge
in the Nina. Two officers were sent on shore to tell
84 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the king of this part of the island of the misfortunes
that had befallen the white men. This chief heard the
sad story with tears, and sent a number of Indians with
their canoes to help the Spaniards save the ship’s cargo.
The chief, whose name was Guacanagari, presently came
out in a canoe himself, and politely watched to see that
his men did their best in helping the whites. Every
now and then the Indian king is said to have sent some
relative of his to visit Columbus, ‘and tell him with
tears, not to afflict himself, for Guacanagari would give -
him all that he possessed. The kindness of this chief
was real, for there was not a pin missing of the cargo
when it was got together on shore, where the chief set
‘some of his warriors to stand guard over it. But in
spite of the friendliness of these simple people, Colum-
bus did not spend a merry Christmas.
Guacanagari made the admiral a visit on board the
Nina the day after Christmas, showing his sympathy by
avery sad face. He offered Columbus anything that
he had, and said that he had already set apart three
houses to store his goods in. While they were talking,
a canoe load of strange Indians appeared on the scene,
bringing leaves of gold to exchange for little bells. The
sailors, too, who had been ashore in the village of Gua-
canagari, also said that the Indians had given them gold
for the smallest trifles. The face of Columbus lighted
up at this news. The Indian chief was quick to see
this, and told Columbus something about a place called
Cibao, where there was much gold. He said that he
would have plenty of gold brought from there as soon
as possible. Columbus had heard the Indians men-
tion Cibao before in connection with gold, and he
WRECKED. 85
jumped to the conclusion that it meant Cipango, or
Japan.
Guacanagari invited Columbus to go ashore and eat
with him, and the invitation was accepted. The feast
consisted of coneys or little rabbits, fish, fruits, and
cassava bread. The white men had not learned to like
the Indian food yet, and preferred their own salt meat,
sea biscuits, and wine. The king ate very slowly, washed
his hands when done, and rubbed
- them with scented herbs. The
chief ended the day’s entertain-
ment by giving Columbus a sort
of carved mask, with eyes and
ears of gold, and some necklaces,
from which hung gold plates.
Columbus now began to imag-
ine it a lucky accident which had
wrecked him on this coast, where
there was so much promise of Son ees
gold. His men were having a
very good time on shore, with no work to do and plenty
of tropical food to eat. Some of them proposed to stay
on the island while Columbus returned to Spain, for the
Nina was not large enough to carry them all. This
idea pleased the admiral greatly. He resolved to have
a little fort built out of the wrecked ship, and to leave
a colony in Hispaniola.
While the fort was building, Columbus dwelt in the
largest house in the Indian village. This house was
carpeted with palm leaves. Whenever Guacanagari came
to see the admiral, he hung some gold ornaments around ~
his neck. Columbus in return gave the chief necklaces
‘i = Z i i Ui Le
ul tn me?
un BE
1 PNT,
allSitaderna f
86 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
of green beads, a mantle of fine cloth, a pair of colored
boots, and a large silver finger ring. Guacanagari told
Columbus about his troubles, which consisted mainly in
a lively dread of the natives of the Caribbee Islands,
who came and carried off the people of Hispaniola
as captives. Columbus promised the chief that the
Spaniards would protect them from the Caribs, though
he had not the least idea who the Caribs were, or
where they came from. Before leaving, Columbus
thought best, for more reasons than one, to show Gua-
canagari the power of the white men, so he sent to the
Nina for a Moorish bow and arrows, together with a
certain Spaniard who was a very good marksman. The
Indians were much pleased with this man’s skill. An
arquebus, which was the clumsy gun of that day, was
also discharged, and a sort of cannon called a Lombard
was fired into the
hull of the wrecked
ship. The fire-arms
AN ARQUEBUS. were too much for
the Indians. King
and subjects fell on the ground at the first report.
They were much frightened, but when they were as-
sured that these weapons should be used against their
enemies, the Caribs, their eal is said to have changed
to delight.
The admiral left his little colony all the trinkets
there were on board the two vessels, with which to
trade, as well as provisions, arms, tools, seeds, cannon
and powder, and a ship’s boat. He expected when he
came back to find a ton of gold gathered by trading
with the Indians. He left thirty-nine men at this colony.
WRECKED. 87
As a part of the seamen who sailed with Columbus
were released prisoners, it is likely that many of the
men who consented to remain behind were criminals
who had their own reasons for not caring to go home.
This was a very bad seed to sow in a new soil. Colum-
bus named his fort La Navidad, or the Nativity, because
he had been wrecked here on Christmas eve.
A LOMBARD.
88 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XY.
A SKIRMISH.
1493.
On the 4th day of January, 1493, the Nina was towed
out of the harbor of La Navidad, and made her start for
-Spain. The wind was contrary, and she pushed slowly
along the northern coast of Hispaniola. One day, while
the Nina was beating about in sight of a bold mountain-
peak which Columbus named Monte Christo, a sailor who
was on the lookout called from the mast where he was
perched that the Pinta was in sight. The men on the
Nina were overjoyed, for they dreaded to take the long
voyage to Spain alone in their indifferent little ship.
Pinzon made some very poor excuses to the admiral for
his long absence. But Columbus dared not reprove him,
for he had many relatives and friends in the two ships,
and Columbus did not want anything to happen to hinder
him froin getting back to Spain safely with his good news.
Pinzon had really gone off on a voyage of his own. He
had wasted some time cruising about among small isl-
ands, and had then gone to Hispaniola and traded for
gold along the coast. Half of this gold he kept, and
gave the other half to his sailors to persuade them to con-
ceal the fact, for the gold belonged to the crown. The
thrifty Pinzon had also captured four Indian men and
two girls, whom he meant to sell in Spain for slaves.
A SKIRMISH. 89
The weather was still rough after the Pinta had
joined the Nina, so that Columbus was detained some
time longer off the coast of Hispaniola. He saw here
what he thought to be mermaids, for people at that time
believed in the existence of these beauties of the sea.
But Columbus did not find them so beautiful as they
had been represented, for the mermaids of Columbus
COLUMBUS FINDS MERMAIDS LESS BEAUTIFUL THAN THEY HAD BEEN
REPRESENTED TO BE.
were probably sea calves. The ships presently came to
the river where Pinzon had been trading. Columbus
made his rebellious captain put ashore the men and
girls that he had captured for slaves, for he did not
wish the Indians to have any reason to hate the Span-
iards. The ships at length reached the great bay of
Samana, on the western end of the island, and the ad-
miral sent some of his men to the land to fill the water
easks for the long voyage, for this was to be the last
stopping-place before sailing for. Spain.
90 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
’ The men were met by a number of Indians armed
with bows and arrows, tipped with fish teeth, and carry-
ing heavy wooden swords or clubs with which they
could break a man’s skull. They were painted, and re-
sembled in all points a party of our North America In-
dians on the war-path. They did not fight the white
men at this time, however, but sold some of their bows
and arrows to the sailors. Columbus concluded that
these fierce braves must be the Caribs of whom the oth-
er Indians seemed so much afraid, for he believed that
the natives whom he had seen hitherto were always as
gentle and friendly as they appeared.
One naked. warrior came on board the Nina. Co-
lumbus talked with him by signs and by the aid of a San
Salvador Indian, and got some prodigious lies for his
pains. When asked where the country of the Caribs
was, the Indian pointed to the east and added the in-
formation that in that country gold was found in pieces
half as large as the poop of the Nina. Columbus also
got from him some story about an island which was
peopled only by women. It is likely that he was look-
ing for such a place, for Marco Polo told about an island
near Asia where women lived alone, and another one
where only men lived, and the discoverer was always on
the lookout for these places. Columbus fed the Indian,
gave him a bead necklace and some colored stuffs, and
set him ashore to tell his people to bring any gold they
might have to the ships.
The seven Spaniards who took the Indians ashore
began to trade with the natives they found there.
These fellows, however, presently seized their bows and
arrows, as well as some cords for tying prisoners, and
A SKIRMISH. 91
began to fight. The Spaniards immediately fell upon
them, and wounded one in the breast with an arrow and
another in the back with a sword. . The courage of the
Indians departed quickly ;
they fled to the woods,
dropping their arms by the
way. Columbus regretted
this skirmish, but reflected
that it might have a good
effect in making the na-
tives afraid to attack the
little colony he had left be-
hind. The Indians took it
all in good part, however,
and their chief sent Colum-
bus a string of beads made
of shells, that is to say,
what in North America is
called a wampum belt.
The Indians began to come
on board, and four young
fellows, probably wishing Be
to be rid of the new com- A WAMPUM BELT,
ers, told him some tales of
an island lying to the eastward. They were carried off
for their pains, for Columbus insisted that they should
go to the island with him as guides. As the island did
not appear and the wind was favorable, the ships bore
away for Spain and the Indians had to make the rough
voyage with them.
92 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XVI
THE RETURN VOYAGE.
1498.
Tur Pinta and the Nina were both very leaky, and
the sailors had to work hard to keep down the water.
But they had a good wind, and the ships sped swiftly
along toward the Old World. The men caught some
tunny-fish and killed a shark, which they were glad to
eat, for their supplies were running low and all they
had left was sea biscuit, wine, and some agi-peppers,
which they had brought with them from the West
Indies. They made such good progress that in less
than a month all hands began to look for Spain, or at
least for the Canaries.
But on the 12th of February there came up a
violent wind, and the sea ran very high. On the next
day, toward night, the wind increased and there were
flashes of lightning in the northeast. Columbus pre-
dicted a storm, and it did not delay. The two leaky
little ships scudded along all night under bare poles.
Neither of them had decks, and they must have been
very uncomfortable places in a wintry gale. The storm
let up a little on the morning of the 14th, and the
ships made some sail, but the wind presently came up
from the south more furiously than ever. The men
had to take in sail and let the ships drive before the
THE RETURN VOYAGE. 93
hurricane. Darkness came on once more, and the
vessels signaled to one another with lights. For a long
while the men on the Nina could see the lights of the
Pinta, but presently they were lost in the tempest.
When morning came there was no ship to be seen, and
the despairing men on the Nina gave her up for lost,
and expected that their turn would come next.
As the day wore on, the storm increased in violence.
There seemed to be no hope for the men on the little
Nina unless Heaven should come to their help, and so
they made vows after the custom of their time. Co-
lumbus caused as many beans as there were men on the
ship to be put intoacup. On one of these beans was
cut a cross. Every one then made a vow that should
he draw the marked bean, he would, if the ship got safe
to land, make a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Mary
of Guadaloupe, carrying a wax candle weighing five
pounds. Columbus drew the bean with the cross on it.
The beans were put in a cup again, and this time
another pilgrimage was vowed. A sailor drew the
marked bean, and Columbus promised to give him
money with which to pay the expenses of his pilgrim-
_ age. Another lot was then cast for a pilgrimage to still
another shrine, to say a mass there and watch all night
in the chapel. - Columbus again drew the marked bean.
As the storm grew worse than ever, sailors, officers, and
men at once made a solemn vow that were they ever
spared to reach land, they would go, barefooted and
clad only in their shirts, in procession to the nearest
church dedicated to the Virgin to give thanks.
After making their vows, the sailors bethought them-
selves to fill all the empty barrels with sea water, for -
94 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the ship lacked ballast, because so much of the water
and food had been used on the voyage that she rolled
very badly. Still matters grew worse and worse. The
we
Ks Tae o
COLUMBUS AND THE SAILORS DRAW BEANS,
men cursed their admiral for having taken them into
such dangers, and for not having turned back, as they had
desired him on many occasions. The unhappy Colum-
bus knew very well that he had made a great discovery,
THE RETURN VOYAGE. 95
which would make his name known for all time if he
could once reach Spain with the news of it. Now, how-
ever, the very memory of his achievement was about to
be swallowed up in the. ocean, and in time to come
sailors would forever be afraid to follow in his track,
imagining that he had come to some mysterious and
dreadful end. Then he thought about his two little
boys, Diego and Ferdinand, at school in Cordova.
Their father lost, the king and queen would never know
the great service that he had rendered them, so that
there would be no one to befriend the children. In his
sad thoughts Columbus imagined that he was now to
be terribly punished for his sins by being deprived of
the glory of his great success. Then he began to won-
der if there were not some way in which, though he
should be dead and the ship lost with every soul on
board, the news of his discovery might yet be saved.
Having thought of a plan, he sat down amid all
this confusion of the elements and wrote on parchment
how he had found the land that he had gone to seek,
and promised to discover, how many days it had taken to
sail there, and by what route he had sailed, as well as a
description of the country and the people. Columbus
sealed his parchment and addressed it to the king and
queen of Spain, writing on the outside that he who
would deliver it should have a reward of a thousand
ducats. He then wrapped the parchment in a waxed
cloth and put it into an empty barrel, which he caused
to be carefully headed and thrown into the sea. He
did not tell his men what this was for, but let them
think that he was performing some vow. His mind
was still uneasy lest the barrel should never reach land,
96 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
which, in fact, it never did, so far as is known. So he
-wrote another account, sealed it.in the same way, and
put it in an empty cask, which he placed on the high
poop of his ship, so that should she go down, the barrel
would float off and stand a chance of being picked up.
OOLUMBUS WRITES AN ACCOUNT OF HIS DISCOVERY.
LAND. . 97
CHAPTER XVII.
LAND.
1493.
On the morning of the 15th of February a sailor
who was on the lookout in the rigging gave the cry of
land. The men were wild with delight. No one knew
what the land was. Some thought it the island of
Madeira, some Portugal, and some Spain, but Columbus
believed it to be one of the Azores. The storm was
so great that for two days the ship beat about in
sight of land, unable to make it. Once she threw out
an anchor, but her cable broke. Finally she anchored
under shelter of the northern shore of the island. Co-
lumbus had scarcely eaten or slept for many days. He
now took a little rest and awoke suffering with the
gout.
The island proved to be St. Mary, the most southern
of the Azores. The people of the island were astonished
that the Nina had outlived such a storm. They were
wonder-struck when they heard of the discoveries that
had been made, but the governor of the island had his
own opinion about it. He made no doubt that Colum-
bus had been interfering with some of the discoveries
of the crown of Portugal, to which this island belonged.
Nevertheless, he sent polite messages to the Spanish
admiral, together with bread, fowls, and other fresh
8
98 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS,
provisions. Columbus had not forgotten the vow that
he and his men had made, so he asked if there was
any church on the island dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
He was told that there was a small hermitage, built on
the rocks. behind the next point. Columbus asked the
men who had come out to the ship to find the priest
who had the key to the little chapel, and have it un-
SHORE OF THE AZORES,
locked. The next day he reminded his men of their
vow. It was agreed that half of them should go bare-
foot and in their shirts to the little church on the rocks,
and that when they returned the other half should do
the same. The sailors went, but the day wore on and
they did not return. Columbus began to be uneasy.
A point hid the chapel from view. He changed the
anchorage of the Nina, so that he could see the hermit-
age. There were a number of armed men on horse-
LAND. 99
back on the shore. Columbus saw them get into the
ship’s boat and row out toward the vessel.
The fact was that the governor of St. Mary had
taken the sailors prisoners in their rather scanty cos-
tume, while they were performing their vow. The
Portuguese, having been almost the only discoverers of
new lands up to this time, were naturally jealous that
Spain should enter the field asa rival. The governor
of the island came out to the Nina in the captured
ship’s boat. Both he and Columbus talked very boast-
fully as officers of their different crowns, and Columbus
swore that if his men were not delivered up he would
carry a hundred of the inhabitants of St. Mary captive
to Spain; but they came to no settlement.
In spite of the way in which he had spoken to the
governor, Columbus was anxious. Perhaps war had
broken out between Spain and Portugal while he was
away. He moved back to his first anchorage, so that
the ship would not get the force of the waves so much.
The next day the weather was bad, and Columbus had
to sail over toward the island of St. Michael and take
shelter behind it. He had a great deal of trouble to
manage his ship, for there were only three old hands
left on board, the rest being landsmen and Indians,
which last were of no account whatever. Columbus
had to do a sailor’s work himself. The vessel got,
through the night safely, and as the storm had abated
the next day, Columbus returned to St. Mary toward
evening. The ship’s boat came out from the island
again, bringing a notary. Having first been assured of
his safety, the notary got aboard the Nina, where he
spent the night. He was very polite, and said that the
100 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
governor only wished to know whether the admiral
had a commission from the King and Queen of Spain.
Columbus was equally polite, and showed his papers.
The notary went away satisfied, and presently the sailors
all came back in the ship’s boat.
In consequence of this bad reception at the Azores
and the roughness of the weather, Columbus did not get
a chance to take in the ballast which his ship needed.
He weighed anchor, and the wind blew the Nina toward
Spain, but quite too furiously. At one time a dove lit
on the ship, and again the men saw many little birds
that had been driven out to sea by the storm. The
tempest increased. On the 3d of March the Spaniards
furled their sails and began to despair once more of
ever reaching Spain. This time they made a vow and
drew lots that one of their number should go barefoot
and in his shirt to a certain church in Huelva, the
marked bean falling to Columbus once more.
The Nina rushed along under a furious gale, with-
out an inch of sail, and with the sea running to a ter-
rific height, while there were lightning flashes and
bursts of thunder. Columbus felt as though he were
repulsed “from the very door of the house,†as he said.
In the middle of the night came the ery of land, but
this only added to the terror of the seamen, for the ship
was in danger of being driven ashore headlong and
wrecked. In order to prevent this, they managed to
make a little sail) When morning came, Columbus saw
that he was off the point of Cintra, near the city of
Lisbon, in Portugal. There was nothing for it but to
take refuge in the harbor, and brave the Portuguese in
their very capital.
LAND. 101
The Nina had no sooner entered the bay than the
people ran in crowds to look at her, as though they
were gazing on a miracle. They were, in truth, aston-
ished that so frail a bark had weathered the storm when
PORT OF LISBON,
there was news everywhere of wrecks. Columbus sent
a courier to the King and Queen of Spain with the news
of his discovery. He also wrote to the King of Portu-
gal, telling him where he had been, and asking that he
might enter the port of Lisbon. He did this because
the story had got about that -his ship was loaded with
gold, and he was afraid of being troubled.
The captain of a Portuguese man-of-war which lay
near him summoned Columbus on board his vessel to ac-
count for himself. But Columbus stood upon his dignity
as a Spanish admiral, and refused to come. When the
Portuguese captain heard, however, what an extraordi-
nary voyage the Nina had been on, he came to visit
Columbus with the music of drums, fifes, and trumpets.
102 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
By the next day the water was covered with boat-
loads of people who had come out to see the Indians on
board the Nina, and hear the sailors tell of the strange
lands to which they had been. The king gave orders
that Columbus should have everything given to him of
which he had need. He also asked the discoverer to
come and see him in his palace at Valparaiso. So Co-
lumbus went to see King John of Portugal once more.
He was received with every honor. The king made
him put on his hat again when he had taken it off in
his presence, and seated him by his side as though he
were a royal personage. He made Columbus tell him
all about his voyage. The kings of Portugal were in-
telligent men and much interested in discoveries by sea.
King’ John could not but admire so brave a deed, but
he regretted sorely that he had not undertaken this
voyage himself. THe remarked that he was not sure
whether, according to the treaty he had made with
Spain, he might not lay claim to this new country.
Portugal had indeed a papal grant to all the lands dis-
covered from Cape Non, in Africa, to the Indies. If
Columbus had found the Indies, he might be interfering
with the rights of Portugal. Columbus said that he
did not know anything about the treaty, but that the
King and Queen of Spain had ordered him not to go
near the coast of Africa, and that he had obeyed them.
The king answered politely that it was all right, and
that no doubt there would be no trouble about it. After
the discoverer had visited the king, he had to visit the
queen and tell her about his adventures.
On the 13th of March Columbus made sail for Spain,
and after two days he anchored in the harbor of Palos,
LAND. 103
out of which he had sailed seven months and a half be-
fore. The people of Palos were wild with delight.
They came to meet him in procession, shouting with
excitement. They held it a great honor that Columbus
had sailed from their town, priding themselves on it as
much as though they had not done their utmost to de-
feat his enterprise at the outset.
104 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
REJOICINGS AT COURT.
1492.
Tue Pinta had not foundered, as Columbus sup-
posed. Those on board of her did not doubt, in their
turn, that the Nina was lost, and Martin
ROYAL PALACE,
BARCELONA.
Alonzo Pinzon thought to be the first to
carry the good news to Spain and to gain
much of the credit that was due to Colum.
bus. The Pinta made land in Galicia,
and Pinzon has-
tened to send
his account of
the new discov-
eries to Ferdi-
nand and Isa-
bella, and to ask
for permission
to come to
court. The king
and queen had
perhaps heard
already of the
behavior of Pin-
zon in the West
Indies, for Co-
REJOICINGS AT COURT. 105
lumbus had sent a courier to them from Portugal. They
sent Pinzon word that they would not see him unless
he came in the suite of Columbus, where he belonged.
Pinzon.came back to Palos ill the same day that Colum-
bus reached there, and died soon after. Some writers
say that he died of a broken heart because of the refusal
of the king and queen to see him.
Ferdinand and Isabella sent for Columbus to come to
court, which was then at Barcelona. So the navigator
set out, carrying with him the gold he: had brought
and the curiosities of the West Indies, among which
were six Indians. One of the Indians that Columbus
had brought with him had died on the voyage and three
were left sick at Palos, for Indians do not readily stand
changes of place and new modes of living. The great
discoverer traveled very slowly, because he was stopped
on the road by crowds of people who thronged around
him to stare at the Indians and ask questions about the
voyage. He reached Barcelona about the middle of
April, a month after he had landed. Meantime, Ferdi-
nand and Isabella, highly delighted with the success of
the enterprise, had ordered that a grand reception should
be prepared for Columbus. The courtiers went out to
meet him, and there was a great procession through the
city in sight of the multitudes that filled the streets and
crowded the windows and housetops to get a look at
Columbus and his wild men from the New World.
The king and queen seated themselves on a throne,
beneath a canopy of gold brocade, with their son, Prince
Juan, beside them, to receive the great discoverer. Co-
lumbus kneeled to kiss the hands of their majesties, but
they raised him up and caused him to sit down in their
106 ' THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
presence, which was a great honor in a land of severe
etiquette like Spain. The monarchs then bade Colum-
bus tell them all about his voyage, and made him show
them the parrots, strange plants, ornaments of gold, and
the natives that he had brought with him. This done,
Ferdinand and Isabella fell on their knees and gave
thanks to God for the wonderful discovery. When all
was over, the admiral was conducted to his lodgings by
the courtiers in procession. After this, when the king
rode out, Columbus rode on one side of him and the
crown prince on the other, which was the greatest com-
pliment that could have been paid the discoverer.
The pension promised to the first man who should
see land was granted to Columbus, who saw the trem-
bling light on the eve of his great discovery. The ad-
miral has been much criticized for taking this pension
away from a poor sailor. It is not known for what
reasons the discoverer was preferred to the seaman of
the Pinta. It should be remembered, however, that the
captain and the crew of this ship were in disgrace for
having deserted the admiral, and plotted to rob the gov-
ernment of the much desired gold.
The news of the discovery traveled fast. It was
soon known in the courts of Europe and discussed by
learned men. The letter Columbus had sent to Ferdi-
nand and Isabella from his ship, was printed in differ-
ent places. In the court of Henry VII, of England,
men said that it was a thing “more divine than
human.â€
Everybody believed, as Columbus did, that he had
found a way to the most eastern parts of Asia, and it
took a long time to get this notion out of men’s heads.
REJOICINGS AT COURT. 107
This belief caused the new islands to be known as the
Indies, and after a while as the West Indies, while the
name of the Antilles came from the tradition of an isl-
and called Antilla in the Atlantic Ocean. It was also
because of the belief that India had been found that
natives of the New World were called Indians.
The Pope was supposed to have a right to grant
heathen lands to Christian kings, so Ferdinand and Isa-
bella hastened to send him the news of the great dis-
covery, and ask him to give them a right to the lands
which Columbus had found for them. He did this, and,
nasa ee: . . po peepee:
CADIZ, FROM THE MOLE.
as the Portuguese were jealous that the Spanish discov-
eries might interfere with theirs, the Pope established
an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean, from north to
108 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
south, giving Spain all the land on the west of this line,
and Portugal all the land found on the east.
Great haste was made to send out a second fleet to
the new world to make sure of the discoveries. Juan
Rodriguez de Fonseca, archdeacon of Seville and after-
SEVILLE.
ward a bishop, was given control of India affairs, as
they were called, with an office at Seville. Fonseca and
Columbus were very busy getting ready for the new
voyage. Seventeen ships, little and big, were to sail
this time from Cadiz, and it took a great deal of money
REJOICINGS AT COURT. 109
to pay the expenses of so great a fleet. Part of the
funds came from the sale of the gold and jewels taken
from the unhappy Jews whom Ferdinand and Isabella
had driven from Spain, for it was thought in those
days a religious act to persecute all who did not believe
in Christianity.
The arms which the men who went on this new voy-
age were to carry came from the beautiful Moorish
palace of the Alhambra, which was at this time used as
an arsenal. In those days gunpowder was not yet
much employed in light warfare. The arquebuse, which
was the hand gun of that day, was heavy and awkward,
for the man who used it had to carry a stand with him
to rest it on when he fired, and soldiers naturally pre-
fered the bow and arrow.
Queen Isabella interested herself very much in plans
for converting the Indians. The six natives whom
Columbus had brought to Barcelona were baptized, the
king, queen, and Prince Juan being sponsors. Prince
Juan chose one of these Indians to add to his attendants.
The poor fellow died some two years afterward, as
these people almost always did when removed from
their home, and the Spaniards pleased themselves with
the thought that he was the first of these wild people
to enter heaven.
110 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XIX.
THE SECOND VOYAGE.
1493.
TxosE who went with Columbus on his first voyage
thought that they were doomed men. The second ex-
pedition was quite another affair. It was said that men
were almost willing to jump into the sea and swim to
these new lands. The magic word gold had been spoken,
and thousands, many of whom were of the nobility,
THE HARBOR, LOOKING FROM CADIZ.
flocked to Columbus to beg employment in the new
colony. People thought they had only to go to the
Indies to pick up gold. The voyage also seemed to
offer a fine field for adventure, better even than had the
Moorish wars. Many had to be refused, and as it was,
more were engaged to go than had been intended.
Columbus bids good-by to his sons.
THE SECOND VOYAGE, 111
Among others who were to sail with Columbus was his
younger brother Diego, who had no doubt come from
Genoa as soon as he had heard of the good fortune of
Christopher.
Horses were put on the ships, as well as cattle, seeds,
vines, sugar-canes, and grafts. Besides these things,
the vessels were loaded with an abundance of beads,
hawksbells, looking-glasses, and such other inexpensive
trinkets as would take the fancy of the Indians.
There was so much to be done that the fleet could
not be got ready to sail until the 25th of September,
1493. There was a great bustle of departure and leave-
taking in the harbor of Cadiz an hour before sunrise
on the morning of the sailing, for fifteen hundred peo-
ple, many of them men of high rank, were starting out
for the New World, and crowds had come to bid them
farewell. Among the others gathered there in the early
morning were the sons of Columbus, come to see their
father off. The great discoverer was very fond of these
two boys. One of the purposes of his life was to make
them great and rich men.
The ships were finally off. They made sail for the
Canaries, where they stopped some time, laying in meat,
wood, and water for the voyage. While Columbus was
at the Canaries he gave to each one of his captains a
sealed paper, commanding them not to open the papers
unless they got lost from the fleet. These papers gave
directions for sailing to Hispaniola, for Columbus wished
to keep the route a secret as far as possible, so that others
should not get in ahead of him and reap the fruits of
his enterprise.
The fleet lost sight of the last of the Canaries on the
9
119 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
13th of October. The weather was fine, and the ships
sped along for the New World. Once, indeed, they had
a violent thunder storm, and blue flames were seen
rising from the tips of the masts. This was the elec-
trical light known as St. Elmo’s fire. The superstitious
Spanish sailors, believing this to be St. Elmo himself,
thought they were safe when they saw the flames, and
began to say litanies and sing chants.
This time the fleet reached land in twenty days after
leaving the Canaries. The ships had gone farther south
than Columbus had sailed before, and one of the Carib-
bee Islands was the first land seen. The people on
board shouted with joy, for they had got very tired of
the bad sea food and of bailing water out of the leaky
ships, and had been sighing for land for some time.
Columbus named the island Dominica, which means
Sunday, because he had found it on that day. Though
it was the 3d of November, when everything was dull
and brown in Spain, Dominica was green from the tops
of her mountains to the water’s edge, “ which was de-
lightful to see,†in the opinion of the men on board the
fleet. During this first day six islands could be seen
from the ships, each beautifully green; the air was
sweet with the scent of flowers, and flocks of parrots
and other birds of brilliant color flew from one island
to another. Columbus could find no good harbor in
Dominica, so he sailed to another island, which he called
Marigalante, after his ship. The admiral went ashore
at Marigalante, carrying the royal banner, to take pos-
session, and found the island was covered with dense
woods, of such kinds of trees as the Spaniards had
never seen before, some bearing fruit and some in blos-
THE SECOND VOYAGE. 113
som. The men found one leaf which had a promising
smell of cloves, while some of them tasted an unknown
fruit and were made ill by it. There seemed to be no
people on this island, and Columbus only remained
MARIGALANTE? ISLAND,
there two hours. The next day he sailed for another
very large island. The ships ran by a high mountain
on the shore of this island with a peak, which was
the crater of a voleano. Streams of water ran down
the mountain, and in one place there was a waterfall
which seemed to come from the sky, so high was it.
As the cascade fell it became clouds of foam, which
looked in the distance like white rock, and the men on
shipboard disputed whether it was rock or water, and
made wagers with one another regarding it. Columbus
named this island Guadalupe, because he had promised
the monks of Our Lady of Guadalupe to name some
114 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
new land for their convent. There were some small
villages on the sea-shore, but the people who lived in
them fled as soon as they spied a sail. The admiral
sent some men ashore to find out what sort of people
lived here, though the Spaniards suspected that those
they had seen running were not embarrassed by clothing.
The men found the cabins much like those which
Columbus had seen before—little thatched roofs, with
hammocks strung from their posts, furnished with dishes
made out of calabashes, or of rude earthenware ; cotton
spun and unspun; bows and arrows tipped with bone,
and some very large, tame parrots, with plumage of
green, white, blue, and red. There were also some
fruits which looked like great green pine cones, but
which proved to have a delicious taste. This was the
first time that white men had ever tasted pine-apples.
In one of the cabins was a little frightened, naked child,
whom the parents had forgotten when they ran away.
The Spaniards put some strings of glass beads around
the arms of the child, so that when the people came
back they would see that the strangers meant to be
friendly. The white men found human bones about
these cabins, which made Columbus think that these
were the very Caribs of which other Indians were
afraid, and said that they ate human flesh.
In the next few days the Spaniards captured some
Indians, and some women fled to them. These women
were prisoners who had been carried away from other
islands, and, as the Spaniards thought, expecting to be
eaten, preferred to try their chances with the white
strangers. Columbus had them decorated with bells
and set ashore, though the poor creatures seemed to be
An Indian child is found in a hut,
THE SECOND VOYAGE. 115
reluctant to go. The boats had no sooner put them
ashore and pushed off again than their Indian masters
rushed out and tore the ornaments off of them. The
next day, when some men were ashore getting water,
these women came and begged to be taken back, so the
sailors took pity on them and took them to the ships.
The Indian women told Columbus that most of the men
of the place had gone off in their canoes to make cap-
tives on some of the other islands.
Santo Domin
5 N
a 8 os
Fe >
Rico ta 2
MAP OF Ouse oe
COLUMBUS’ SECOND VOYAGE. N
,* 8
we
pe daloupe
~sam arigalante
Ybominica
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116. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XxX.
ADVENTURES AMONG THE CARIBBEE ISLANDS.
1493.
One of the Spanish captains with eight men had
gone ashore on the island of Guadalupe (or, as the pres-
ent French possessors call it, Guadaloupe), without per-
mission from the admiral, and did not return. Colum-
bus was in haste to sail for Hispaniola. Parties went
ashore and scrambled about in the thick woods, firing
an arquebuse from time to time, but they found no
sign of the lost Spaniards. There was nothing to do
but to wait another day. So Columbus ordered that
the time should be used in getting in water and wood,
and washing clothes.
While the linen of fifteen hundred men fluttered
in the breeze, Alonzo de Ojeda, a bold fellow, with
some forty men, beat up the woods in search of the
lost Spaniards, blowing trumpets and discharging guns.
They returned without finding them, but said that they
had discovered such valuable things as mastic, aloes,
sandalwood, frankincense, and cinnamon trees, and that
they had seen falcons, kites, turtle-doves, crows, par-
tridges, and nightingales. Ojeda also said that they had
waded through twenty-six rivers. It is quite likely that
Ojeda waded through the windings of the same river
more than once, as well as that he saw spices and birds
other than those of which he boasted.
ADVENTURES AMONG THE CARIBBEE ISLANDS. 117
After the stragglers had been gone four days, Co-
lumbus concluded that they had been eaten by can-
nibals. He was about to sail when the wanderers
hailed the ships from shore. They had been lost in the
tropical tangle, and had scrambled about unable to find
the coast. One man had climbed one of the immense
trees to try to get the points of the compass by means
of an observation of the stars, but the great canopy of
leaves at the top concealed the sky from sight. The
men had finally happened upon the shore, and so found
their way to the ships, looking worn and half starved.
Hungry as they were, Columbus punished them for
going ashore without permission by putting them in
irons on half-rations.
The Indian women on board the fleet said that
there were other islands to the south of Guadaloupe,
and that beyond them was the mainland, which was
true, strange to say—for the white men did not usually
get any very correct information from the natives.
Columbus, however, anxious to reach the little colony
he had left, held his course for Hispaniola. He passed
many beautiful islands, and named them in passing.
As the weather was bad, the fleet anchored at one
which was named Santa Cruz. A well-manned barge
was sent ashore, with instructions to talk with the
Indians, and try to get from them directions for reach-
ing Hispaniola. The people fled, however, and the
men only found several women and children, whom
they took to be prisoners of the Caribs.
While the fleet lay at anchor, a canoe came in sight
with four men, two women, and two boys init. These
Indians had not seen the ships, on account of the wind-
118 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ings of the shore, until they were quite near them.
When they saw the strange sight, they stopped pad-
dling and lay stupefied with amazement for almost an
hour, within two gunshots of the vessels. The barge
was just starting back from its trip to the shore, when
the crew saw the wonderstruck Indians. The ship’s
boat altered its course, and crept slowly along shore
until it had cut off retreat for the canoe. The Indians
paddled with all their might when they saw the barge
close upon them. But the Spaniards gained on them,
and when the Caribs saw that they could not escape,
they took to their bows and arrows, both men and
women, and began to fight. Their aim was so good
that they wounded two Spaniards, although the white
men were defended by shields or wooden bucklers.
The barge ran down the canoe and upset it, or the
white men would soon have been all killed. These
brave Indians, after their canoe was overturned, swam
about in the water, wading where it was shallow
enough, and taking the chance to get a fresh shot at
the enemy. The Spaniards had as much as they could .
dv to take them prisoners, and indeed they could not
get one fellow until he was mortally wounded with
a lance. One of the wounded Spaniards afterward
died, for these Indians used poisoned arrows.
The Spaniards noticed that the costumes of the
Caribs was different from that of the other Indians
they had seen—that is to say, that they wore their
hair longer, and, instead of decorating their faces with
crosses and other figures, they stained their eyebrows
and eyelids, which made them look very fierce. The
Spaniards thought that one of the women in the canoe
ADVENTURES AMONG THE CARIBBEE ISLANDS. 119
was a queen, while one of the boys was her son. These
Indians were afterward sent to Spain, and were stared
at by people who liked to have their blood curdled by
the sight of man-eaters.
The early discoverers were so easily deceived by
what they saw, and what they fancied they understood
in talking by signs with the natives, that we are not sure
whether the Caribbeans were so much of cannibals as
the Spaniards imagined. They thought that they found
parts of a man boiling in a kettle on the island of Guada-
loupe; but when we remember that Columbus mistook
sea-cows for mermaids, we may be permitted to doubt
whether this interrupted meal of the Indians was really
a meal of human flesh. It is quite likely, however,
that they may sometimes have eaten their enemies in
the ferocity of war, as our North American Indians did.
All the natives of these islands had the cheerful habit
of keeping the bones, or perhaps the heads of their
dead friends, about their cabins, and when the Spaniards
saw such things among the Caribs, they were likely to
think them the signs of cannibalism. The people in
Spain, believing all they heard about these fierce cap-
tives, thought the “queen’s son†had a lion’s face,
and the crowd looked with shuddering horror at such
monsters.
Columbus next sailed near a number of small islands,
bare and rugged. There were so many of them that he
gave them the convenient name of the Eleven Thousand
Virgins. The next land that he discovered was the large
island of Porto Rico, which the Spaniards noticed had a
very rich soil. The Indians on the ships said that the
people who lived here were not Caribs, but that the
120 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Caribs fought with them and carried them off, and that
they revenged themselves by eating Caribs on occasion.
The same day that the fleet left Porto Rico, land was
sighted, which Columbus hoped would prove to be His-
paniola, where he had built the fort of La Navidad.
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY, 121
CHAPTER XXI.
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY.
1498.
Ir was the 22d of November when the fleet reached
the end of this large island, which proved to be Hayti
or Hispaniola, though Columbus had not seen this part
of it before. A boat was sent ashore to bury the sailor
who had died of the poisoned arrow of the Caribs. A
number of Indians gathered around the white men,
wearing gold in their ears or about their necks. Some
of these Indians went off to the ships and invited the
Spaniards to come ashore, saying that they had plenty
of gold. But Columbus did not wish to wait here, so
he sent the natives back with some shirts and caps for
presents. The fleet presently came to Samana Bay,
where there had been a skirmish with the Indians on
the first voyage.
Of the Indians Columbus had taken to Spain with
him, seven had lived to embark on the return voy-
age. Five of these died on the voyage out, and there
were now but two living, and, indeed, the Spaniards had
had a great deal of trouble to keep these two alive.
One of the survivors belonged to the party of four
young men whom Columbus had carried away from
Samana Bay. The Spaniards had made a Christian of
this fellow, and, having dressed him finely and loaded
192 . ‘THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
him with trinkets, they sent him ashore, hoping he
would make Christians of his people and persuade
them to become subjects to the Spanish crown. They
never heard anything more of him. He probably re-
lapsed speedily into savagery and kept well away from
white men.
Columbus made his next stop at a harbor near Monte
Christo, thinking that perhaps he would make his set-
tlement here. Some of the men landed to see if this
was a good place in which to settle. But the country
proved to be low and moist, and the men found two
dead bodies here. One of them had a rope of Spanish
grass around the neck, and was tied to a stake in the
form of a cross. The bodies were very much decayed,
so that the men could not tell whether they were Span-
iards or Indians, but Columbus began to have fears re-
garding the fate of his colony. The next day the men
found two more bodies farther on, and one of these had
a great deal of beard, which made the Spaniards very
suspicious that there had been trouble, for the Indians
had no beards.
Columbus sailed on to La Navidad, where he had
left his colony. It was night when he got there, and as
he had been once wrecked on the sand bank here, he
now lay off the coast to wait until morning. He caused
two guns to be fired, thinking that if the Spaniards
were still alive they would answer with a shot from the
little fort. There was a dead silence, nor could any
fires or other signs of living beings be discovered on
the shore. About midnight a canoe slipped stealthily
out to the fleet. The Indians on board hailed the first
vessel they came to and asked for Columbus. They
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY. 123
were shown to
the admiral’s
ship. Colum-
bus was in
the cabin, but
they would
not go aboard
till they saw
him. When
he came out
they were still
distrustful, until a
light was held up
so that they could
see his face. Then
; they were willing to
climb up on deck. One
of these Indians was a cousin
of the chief Guacanagari.
He brought two masks, deco-
rated with gold, as a present
from this chief. The Indians
stayed on the ships three
hours talking with Columbus.
When they were asked about
the Spaniards whom Colum-
bus left here
they said that
some of them
had died, that
others had been
killed in quarrels
THE INDIAN TRUSTS
COLUMBUS.
124 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
among themselves, and that afterward the country had
been attacked by a chief named Caonabo, who lived in
the mountains of Cibao, where gold came from. This
king had burned the houses of both the white men and
the Indians, and that Guacanagari had himself been
wounded in the fight, and was lying at a distance from
here ill of his wound. They said that this was the
reason why he had not come out to the ships, though
he meant to come the next day. They also said that
some of the Spaniards were alive and had gone away
from here, but one of them told the San Salvador In-
dian, who was interpreter, that the white men were all
-- dead. The men in the fleet would not believe this last
story, but took comfort in the hope held out by the
other relation.
. The next morning every one was looking for a visit
from the Indian king Guacanagari. Meantime Colum-
bus sent some men ashore. They found the little pali-
saded fort of the Spaniards burned and leveled to the
ground. A few Indians who lurked about were very
shy when the white men tried to come near them. The
Spaniards began to be very much afraid that the white
men had really been killed by the treachery of Guacana-
gari. They threw buttons and other trifles to the In-
dians to encourage them, but they could only coax four
men to go aboard the ships with them. These Indians
said that the white men were all dead. _When they
were asked who killed them they answered Caonabo.
They went away promising to bring Guacanagari, but
the chief did not come. Either he had been concerned
in the murder of the whites or he was afraid that he
would be blamed for it.
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY. 195
The next day Columbus went ashore and examined
the-burned fort. He found that the house of the chief,
Guacanagari, was also burned. Columbus ordered men
to dig up the ground around the fort and to look in the
well, for he had told the men whom he left in this fort
to bury their gold, or to throw it in the well if they
were surprised.
While the men were digging, Columbus marched off
to look for a better place to plant his colony. He came
to an Indian village, of wretched, damp little hovels,
overgrown with grass. The people had fied, hiding
whatever they could not take with them in the grass
around: their houses. In these cabins the white men
found things that they thought the Spaniards would
not have traded, such asa handsome Moorish mantle,
folded just as it came from Spain, stockings, pieces of
cloth, and an anchor. “They ripped open a basket which
had been very carefully sewed up, and saw in it an In-
dian’s head wrapped in a cloth. It was perhaps the head
of some ancestor preserved in this way, according to say-
age custom. When Columbus got back to the ruins of
the fort, he learned that the Indians had regained their
courage during his absence, and had traded gold worth
amark with the white men who had been left there.
They had also showed where the bodies of eleven Span-.
iards lay. The grass had grown over these bodies, so’
that the men must have been dead for about two
months. No gold had been found buried, and there
was an end to the ton of gold which Columbus ex-
pected to have sent back to Spain.
The Indians still said that Caonabo had killed the
colonists, but they hastened to make complaints that
10
126 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the white men had taken three and four wives each
from among the native women, so that it began to be
suspected that the dead men had angered the Indians
among whom they lived and had been killed by them.
A caravel was sent along the shore to look for a
better place to build a town than the disastrous La
Navidad. Two Indians came out to talk with the cap-
tain of the caravel, whose name was Maldonado, as he
was sailing along the coast. One of the Indians was
the brother of Guacanagari, and he begged the Span-
iards to come and see the chief, for he lay ill of a
wound, in his village. So Maldonado went ashore with
some men. He found the Indian king lying in his ham-
mock with his leg bound up. He told the same story
that the other Indians had about the Spaniards having
been killed by Caonabo, saying that he had been
wounded in the fight, and showing his bandaged leg.
He gave to each of the Spaniards a gold ornament, of
a size suited to what he thought to be each man’s rank.
These ornaments were not very valuable, for the Indians
were accustomed to beat the gold very thin in order to
make it look showy. Guacanagari begged Maldonado
to ask Columbus to come and see him.
Columbus concluded to go. Having eaten an early
dinner on shipboard, the admiral and all his principal
men went ashore, richly dressed, as became men paying
a visit to a monarch. Columbus took some presents
with him, and Guacanagari had not forgotten to provide
himself with presents in turn. The chief lay in his
hammock, and made a polite gesture when the Spaniards
entered his cabin. He regretted the death of the white
men with tears in his eyes. He told Columbus the same
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY. 127
story of their fate, how some had died of disease, others
had gone to Cibao and been killed, while the rest were
attacked in their fort and massacred by Caonabo. Gua-
canagari gave Columbus a hundred gold beads, a golden
coronet, three small calabashes of gold dust, and eight
hundred beads made of stone. Perhaps these beads
were like a necklace of chalcedony beads from Porto
Rico, which exists to-day. These stones are drilled and
polished with wonderful perfection, considering that the
natives worked with stone implements. Columbus gave
Guacanagari, in turn, some glass beads, hawksbells,
knives, pins, needles, small looking-glasses, and copper
ornaments, all of which seemed more valuable to the
innocent chief than gold.
Columbus had two surgeons with him, and he asked
Guacanagari to let them see his wound. One of the
surgeons, named Dr. Chancea, said that it would be neces-
sary for the chief to be moved outside, for the cabin
was so darkened by the crowd of people that it was
hard to see anything. The chief consented, but Dr.
Chanca thought that he did this “more from timidity
than inclination.†The Indian king left the cabin,
leaning on the arm of Columbus. When the doctor
began to untie his bandage Guacanagari explained that
the wound had been made by a cba, which meant a
stone. When the leg was uncovered, the doctors ex-
amined it, but could find no sign of a wound, though
the cunning fellow pretended that it pained him very
much. Columbus thought best not to appear to suspect
the chief, so he invited him to visit the fleet. Gua-
canagari went and took supper with Columbus. He
was shown everything strange on the ship. He was
128 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
very much astonished when he saw the horses, for there
were no four-footed animals of any size on the island.
Columbus told the chief that he would like to build
houses here. Guacanagari was willing, but he said that
it was a damp place, which was true enough. This In-
dian king talked a good deal with the finest-looking
woman among the Caribbee captives, whom the Spaniards
called Catalina. So
The next day some Indians came on board the ships,
and among them the brother of Guacanagari. It was
noticed that he talked with the ten Indian women who had
come from the Caribbee Islands, and especially, Catalina.
When night came, these women dropped over the side
of the ship and swam for the shore, which was nearly
two miles away. The alarm was given, and the women
were chased, but only four were caught, just as they
reached shore.
This was too much for Columbus. He thought that
the wily Guacanagari had persuaded the women to es-
cape. The Spaniards believed that he wished to add
Catalina to the number of his wives. Columbus sent
messengers the next morning to demand that the chief
should return the Indian women. But the village of Gua-
canagari was deserted. The inhabitants had decamped
in the night in spite of the chief’s wound. This was one
of the first experiences of white men in dealing with
the American Indian, whom they had at first believed
to be an innocent creature incapable of guile.
As for the little settlement at La Navidad, many an-
other colony in the New World has had a similar
fate, for much the same reasons. The colonists were
mostly lawless men, and when they were left where
WHAT HAD BECOME OF THE COLONY. 129
they were afraid of no one, they lived as wickedly as
possible, robbed the Indians, whom they thought gentle
creatures, of their gold and their women, and, falling
out among themselves, killed one another. No doubt
also some of them died of fevers, as was always the case
in the early settlements in America. It is quite likely
that a party of them did march off to Cibao to get gold,
and got killed for their pains. It would not have been
strange if the Indians among whom they had lived had
massacred the others, but all that the Spaniards could
afterwards learn seemed to show that the story of Gua-
canagari was true, in spite of his suspiciously invisible
wound and his unceremonious leave-taking with the
lovely Catalina. \
Â¥
130 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXII.
THE INFANT SETTLEMENT AND ITS INDIAN NEIGHBORS.
1498.
Tux day after the flight of Guacanagari the Span-
iards went in boats up the coast in search of a good
place to settle. As they rowed along the shore the na-
INDIAN IMAGE OF STONE,
FROM SANTO DOMINGO.
tives seemed uneasy, and when
the white men landed they fied.
While the Spaniards were walk-
ing around the deserted Indian
village, they came upon a savage
stretched on the ground, with a
gaping wound in his shoulder. On
examination, the wound proved
to have been made by an Indian
dart. The fellow had not been
able to run any farther. He said
that he had got his wound in the
fight with Caonabo. Since Gua-
canagari had taken himself off
with the Indian captives of the
Spaniards, the latter had disbelieved his story, but when
they found this Indian with a wound real and visible,
the story seemed more probable again.
At last Columbus fixed upon a spot for his settle-
ment, and landed men and animals. The horses had
THE INFANT SETTLEMENT. 131
been on the. ship three months, and were very much in
need of pasture and a firm footing. A little city, named
@abella, was laid out with a square and.streets. A
church, a store-house, and a house for the admiral were
begun of stone, a stone wall without mortar was to be
laid around the town, while the other houses were made
of wood and reeds, like the Indian cabins. Seeds were
planted, and every one worked very hard, while Colum-
bus “multiplied himself†to superintend the labor.
Before long the malarial fevers, incident to a new
land and a warm climate, smote the little settlement.
The settlers were landed in a bad condition to withstand
illness, for they had been three months on shipboard,
living on salt meat and moldy sea biscuit. It required
years of experience to teach colonists to eat the light
vegetable food of the Indians, which was more whole-
some in a warm climate than their own heavier diet. The
Spaniards thought that they could not live without wine
and salt meat. They were glad enough just now, how-
ever, to get the yams with which the Indians came
loaded every day. These people would sell provisions,
and even gold, to the colonists for tags off of shoe strings,
beads, pins, or pieces of broken dishes.
And now for the first time the white men began to
be better acquainted with the Indians. The native men
were entirely naked, the women usually wore grass and
leaves about their hips, while the more ostentatious had
a covering of cotton cloth. For full-dress occasions,
men and women painted themselves in various colors,
decorating their bodies with crosses and with pictures
of animals and cabins, which produced an effect ridicu-
lous enough to the eyes of the new-comers, The Indians
132 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
also shaved some parts of their heads, and left long tufts
of matted hair hanging in other places. “In short,â€
said Dr. Chanca, describing them in a letter, ‘“ whatever
would be looked upon in our country as characteristic
of a madman is here regarded by the highest of the In-
dians as a mark of distinction.â€
These people had hatchets and axes made of stone,
and very handsomely finished, so that the white men
wondered at them. They lived
mostly on cassava bread. This was
made of the root of the yucca,
often called the Spanish bayonet.
The root was scraped and strained
in a press. The liquor which
drained from it was poisonous.
- The pulp was made into a broad,
thin cake, which could be kept
a long time. When the Indian
wished to eat it he steeped it in
water. The savages also ate yams,
aia seasoned with agi-pepper and they
ey agro powtineo,†had besides what Dr. Chanca de-
scribed as “a kind of grain like
hazel nuts, very good to eat.†Of course, this was
Indian corn. The meat of the Indians was fish, utias
or little rabbits about. as big as a rat, together with
birds, to which they added “ lizards, spiders and worms,â€
according to Dr. Chanca. “To my fancy,†said the
good doctor, “their bestiality is greater than that of
any beast upon the earth.†This is the near view of
the American Indian, and quite different from the
poetical ideas about these people which Columbus had
THE INFANT SETTLEMENT. 133
entertained at first. The lizards with which Dr. Chanca
was so much disgusted were iguanas, which sometimes
grow to be five feet long.
The iguana, which is a sort
of lizard with a tail like a
lance, can climb trees, not-
withstanding its size. It
is still thought to be very
good eating in the countries
where it is found.
Alligators were also
classed as lizards by the
Spaniards. They found
that on a small island near
Hispaniola there was what
they called a lizard “as big
around as a calf, » with ga INDIAN FIGURE OF COTTON, LEATH-
ER, ETC., FROM SANTO DOMINGO.
tail “as long as a lance.â€
The men often went out to try to kill it, but were sur-
prised to find that though it was so bulky, it got into
the sea quickly enough. This was their first introdue-
tion to an alligator, the name of which is derived from
the Spanish words “ ed lagarto,†that is “ the lizard.â€
The Indians had queer little figures of wood, cotton,
or stone in their cabins which they called zemzs, giving
them the names of dead ancestors and holding them in
superstitious reverence. When the white men asked
the natives what these were, they would say “¢urey,â€
which meant “of heaven,†or more properly sacred or
mysterious. They also called the strange things belong-
ing to the white men “¢wrey.†Dr. Chanca once pre-
tended that he was going to throw one of these figures
. 184 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
into the fire, upon which the Indians fell to weeping,
very much grieved. Sometimes they carried their zemzs
off into the woods and hid them, lest the white men
should take possession of them. It was not uncommon,
however, for them to steal these prized images of one
another. The chief kept his zemz in a cabin devoted to
the purpose. The Spaniards once entered
one of these cabins and found the presid-
ing zemt speaking. The white men were
skeptical, and, examining the mouth of
the deity, they found it contained a small
tube, which they traced to a heap of leaves
in the corner of the cabin, under which
lay an Indian, who was engaged in putting
words into the mouth of the idol. The
chief begged the white men not to expose
his tricks, as he was enabled to govern his
people by means of the commands of this
convenient zemt.
The natives performed some rites in
the cabins devoted to the worship of these
little figures. In the center of the hut was
a carved trencher, on which was placed a
fine powder, probably tobacco or snuff.
The worshiper put some of this powder
with a certain ceremony on the head of
the image, and then breathed a portion of
ipran tage or it into his own nostrils through two hol-
eran sno low reeds, pronouncing some strange words
at the same time.
The Indians had various funeral customs. The body
of a chief was often opened and dried before the fire; in
THE INFANT SETTLEMENT. 135
other cases the head only was preserved and, again, the
body was carried to a cave and left there with a gourd
of water and a little bread placed beside it. In other
instances the body was burned with the cabin of the
dead man. These Indians had a habit of strangling
those who were near death, though sometimes they car-
ried them away from their cabins and left them hang-
ing in their hammocks with a little bread and water
beside them.
Such relics of these island people as have come
down to us—idols, masks, collars, mortars, weapons,
and tools—show wonderful workmanship, the highest
degree of skill, it is said, that can be attained by men
pecking things out of stone with stone implements.
While the Spaniards were noting the customs of the
Indians, the latter were making their own shrewd obser-
vations with regard to the manners and morals of their
new neighbors. “Behold the Christians’ god!†they
said pointing to bits of gold.
136 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXIII.
LOOKING FOR GOLD.
194.
Cotumsvs had chosen the place for the city of Isa-
bella, because he thought that it was nearer to the
mountains of Cibao, where the Indians said there was
gold. On his departure from Spain he had expected to
‘send back a valuable lading of the precious metal, which
was to have been gathered by the settlers at La Navidad.
As the men had been massacred, whatever gold they
may have collected must have been carried off by the
Indians. Columbus wished at least to send back some
good news. He was ill himself of the same fever that
troubled so many of his men, but he resolved to send
Alonzo de Ojeda, with fifteen men, to the place the In-
dians had told about, to see if there was any gold there.
The Spaniards had heard so much about the dreadful
Caonabo, or “lord of the golden house,†as his name
meant, that they were afraid of him, and Ojeda was
no doubt chosen on account of his courage. This
Ojeda had once amused Queen Isabella in the follow-
ing fashion: The queen was in a great church tower
in Seville, called the Giralda. High up in.the air a
beam extended out from the tower. From this beam
the people below looked like ants. Ojeda walked
briskly out on the beam, quite as though he were
LOOKING FOR GOLD. 137
walking about his own chamber. When he got to the
end of it, he stood on one foot for a moment and then,
turning about, walked back
again. He next stood on the
beam, braced one foot against
the wall of the tower and threw
an orange to the top of it.
This feat had attracted a good
deal of attention, but Ojeda
was really doing a braver thing
when he ventured into the
country of a chief who had
slain the first company of
Spaniards that had gone there
to look for gold.
Ojeda and his men had to
cross many rivers before they
reached the mountains. They
followed an Indian trail and
climbed up into the mountain
country. No Caonabo appeared
to stop the way, and the Indians
were friendly. They washed
grains of gold out of the sands
of the brooks and gave them
freely to the white men. There
was certainly gold here. Ojeda
and. his men picked up some
nuggets, one of which weighed
nine ounces. They were sure
that there must be a great deal of ore in the mountains,
for the Indians dug no deeper than the length of a hand
THE GIRALDA TOWER, SEVILLE.
188 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
in looking for it. Ojeda and his men went back with
their specimens of gold. The next day, another young
gentleman, named Gorvalan, who had been to another
place where the Indians said there was gold, returned
with specimens of the metal. There was great excite-
ment in the settlement. Columbus wrote a very hope-
ful letter to send back to Spain. Dr. Chanca also
wrote in his letter that “the king and queen might
now consider: themselves the most wealthy sovereigns
in the world,†for, said he, “on the return of the ships
from their next voyage they will be able to take back
such a quantity of gold as will fill with amazement all
who hear of it.†So twelve ships sailed back to Spain,
laden only with the news of gold mines, of laurel trees
whose bark smelled like cinnamon, of trees bearing bees-
wax or producing wool and cotton, and other marvels
such as men can always see in a beautiful new land be-
fore they have had time to put their new discoveries
to the test.
One of the things that Columbus wrote in the letter
that he sent back in these ships was a proposal that the
Spaniards should capture the natives of the Caribbee
Islands and send them to Spain as slaves, exchanging
them for cattle, which the people at Hispaniola would
need very much. He argued that this would be an
advantage to the savage slaves, since they would become
Christians in this way and learn not to eat their fellow-
men. As the Portuguese made slaves of the negroes of
Africa, it is not strange that Columbus should have
thought of making slaves of the Indians. Indeed, the
poorer classes in Europe were held at this time in a sort
of bondage, and there was no sentiment in favor of hu-
LOOKING FOR GOLD. 139
man liberty. The great discoverer at this time planted
the seeds of slavery in these beautiful islands. In the
hands of cruel and greedy adventurers, this slavery was
soon to sweep away the whole Indian population.
While Columbus was still ill of malarial fever a
plot was formed against him among some of the men of
Isabella. Already the colonists had begun to be home-
sick. They found that there were no sudden fortunes
to be picked up in the New World, while there was a
great deal of hard work, for which they had not bar-
gained. A man named Cedo, who was an assayer of
metals, gave it out as his opinion that there was no gold
on the island, or at least so little that it was not worth
looking for. When the Indians brought large grains
of gold, he said that they had been melted and had been
a long time gathering, having been handed down from
generation to generation among the natives. The
malcontents made a plot, under the lead of an officer
named Bernal Diaz, to seize the ships in the harbor
and sail to Spain. But Columbus, hearing of the
scheme, put the leader in prison and punished some
of the others. a
The admiral, having now pretty well recovered from
his illness, got ready to make a journey in person to
Cibao. For fear of any more mutinies, he had all the
arms and ammunition in the town stored in one of the
vessels in the harbor. He then gave his brother Diego
command of Isabella while he should be gone. Colum-
bus wanted to make quite a display and overawe the In-
dians this time, so he took four hundred men with him,
and he caused them all to be dressed in the most brilliant
colors and march to the sound of drums and trumpets,
{40 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
with banners flying, followed by a train of Indians from
around Isabella.
The little army set out on the 12th of Max ch, 1494,
and marched for the first day through a plain and across
two rivers. At night they camped at the foot of a
rocky pass, through the Monte Christo Mountain range,
which Columbus named El Puerto de los Hidalgos, or
the Pass of the Gentlemen, because some cavaliers had
gone ahead and opened the road for the others to pass
through. The next day men, horses, and mules climbed
up the pass. When they reached the summit they
looked down upon many leagues of beautiful plain
beyond, crossed here and there by the silver thread of
a stream, columns of smoke rising from Indian cabins,
graceful palms and other noble tropical trees growing
everywhere, while the whole charming stretch of level
land was bordered by the hazy lines of distant mount-
ains. This grand valley, which is famous to-day for its
noble beauty, was named by Columbus the Vega Real,
or Royal Plain.
The Spaniards descended the slope and began to
march through the Vega Real. Columbus ordered the
horsemen to go first because the Indians were very
much awestricken at the sight of horse and rider. In
fact, they thought that horse and man were all one ani-
mal, and were quite astonished when they saw the animal
walking around in two divisions, as it seemed to them
when the men dismounted. The savages had, in fact,
no good opinion of horses. Such large animals, they
felt certain, would eat them.
There were many Indian villages in the Vega. The
little round cabins were built of reeds with thatched
. LOOKING FOR GOLD. 141
roofs, and doors so low that the inmates had to go on all
fours in entering them. As the brilliant army neared
an Indian village, horsemen in advance, banners flying
and trumpets and drums sounding, the simple natives
fled or crept in at the doorways of their cabins, barring
them with a few reeds. The Indians who had come
with the Spaniards from Isabella walked into a native
house and helped themselves to anything they might
find in it, without any ceremony. The owner never
showed any displeasure, but when the Indians tried this
practice among the whites, they were soon made to un-
derstand that it was not a Christian custom.
The army presently arrived at a river which Colum-
bus named the River of Reeds. The Spaniards en-
camped for the night on the beautiful banks of this
stream. Before sleeping they bathed in its waters.
In the morning they crossed in canoes or on rafts, and
swam their horses over. The next day they marched
through . magnificent forests, where they saw many
strange fruits which they tried to imagine the same as
fruits they had known in Spain. Columbus named the
next stream that he crossed the River of Gold, because
some particles of gold were found in its sands. The
third river that lay in his course ran across translucent
pebbles, which gave it a green look, so Columbus called
it Green River. All of these streams were the Yaqui
or its tributaries. The following day the army reached
the foot of some steep mountains, that the discoverer
called the Gates of Cibao. The next day the march was
through a rough and rugged country. Often riders
had to descend from their horses and scramble up steep
places, leading their animals. From this point Colum-
11
149 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
bus sent back some mules to Isabella to bring more
provisions, for the journey had been longer than he had
expected, and the Spaniards thought that they could not
eat the Indian-food. The following day found the little
army in the country of Cibao, which was very different
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MAP OF THE ROUTE FROM ISABELLA TO CIBAO.
from the Royal Plain. This was a land of rocks, cov-
ered only with such plants as could grow in a stony soil,
with a few pine and palm trees here and there, while
little streams carrying particles of gold in their sands
ran down from the mountains. The Indians met the
Spaniards with presents of provisions and grains of
gold which they had gathered in the streams for them.
Columbus made up his mind to build a fort in this
country, so that the Spaniards would have a place in
which to store their gold and to take refuge in, in case
of an attack. He named his proposed fort St. Thomas,
as a sort of pious jest, because the discontented ones at
Isabella had doubted the existence of gold here unless
they might see it and touch it. When the men were
LOOKING FOR GOLD. 143
digging for the foundations of this fort they came across
- what seemed to them a sort of nest of straw, in which
were, in place of eggs, several round stones as large as
oranges which seemed to have been worked by the hand
of man. The Spaniards wondered at these, and thought
they looked as though they were meant for cannon balls,
for stone cannon balls were used in Europe at that
time. It is likely that they were really stone heads for
Indian war clubs, which had been hidden here or per-
haps buried with some Indian as his cherished treas-
ures. Such round stones were also used sometimes to
crush the grains of Indian corn.
144 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXIV.
TROUBLES OF THE COLONY.
1494.
Cotumsus left a captain named Pedro Margarite
and fifty-six men to build Fort St. Thomas, and began
the journey back to Isabella. At Green River he met
his mules returning with provisions. They had lost
some time at the River of Gold, because it was swollen
by rains and there had been trouble about crossing it.
When Columbus reached the River of Gold, he had to
stop there some time himself to wait for the water to
fall. The people brought him food, and sold it to him
for trifles. Columbus and some of the wiser Spaniards
began to eat the food of the country in order to set a
good example to the others.
It was the 29th of March when the admiral got
back to Isabella. He was much pleased to find that
melons which had been planted less than two months
before, were now ripe. In twenty days cucumbers
had grown large enough to eat, while a wild vine
which had been trimmed was loaded with. grapes, green
peas were ready for picking, and some wheat had ripened.
Every seed that was put into the rich soil sprang up,
fruit stones germinated, and sugar-canes grew, so that
Columbus found every reason to be delighted with the
fertility of the beautiful island. .
TROUBLES OF THE COLONY. 145
The colony was not so prosperous, however, as its
fields and gardens. The moist, warm climate which
made things grow so fast was not suited to Europeans.
There was a great deal of sickness, and there had been
many deaths. The young Spanish gentlemen of noble
families who had come over expecting to get suddenly
rich, or at least to have some fine adventures, were dis-
gusted when Columbus made them do their share of
work with the commoner sort of people in the building
of the town. They remembered that the admiral was a
foreigner, and only a peasant by birth, and they hated
him. When men grew sick there was no one to nurse
them, and they died of fever and homesickness. Co-
lumbus, as the head of the colony, was likely to be
blamed for the misfortunes which befell these young
gentlemen. The gloomy end of so many men of good
families was long remembered in Hispaniola. Years
after this, when Isabella had been abandoned, because
it was unhealthy, there was a story that two Spaniards
once wandered into the deserted town. In one of its
grass-grown streets they saw two rows of hidalgos, or
Spanish gentlemen, in old-fashioned dress. The two
Spaniards were astonished to see strangers in this lonely
place, and asked them who they were and where they
* came from. The gentlemen did not answer, but politely
raised their hands to their heads to take off their hats
by way of salute. Horrible to relate, their heads came
off with their hats, and the headless gentlemen presently
had the good taste to vanish. The beholders, according
to the story, almost fell dead with fright, and after this
the tale of the dead gentlemen who were so polite as to
doff their heads became the stock ghost story of the
146 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
island. It serves to show how long and vividly the
misfortunes of these early settlers were remembered in
Hispaniola.
Columbus had hardly reached Isabella on his return
when he had news from Fort St. Thomas that all the ©
Indians had fled from the country, and that Caonabo
was coming to burn the fort. The admiral was not
greatly alarmed by this news. He was meditating a _
voyage of discovery, for he had not given up his notion
that he was on one of the islands at the eastern extreme _
of Asia, and that by going westward he must reach a
civilized country.. He began to make ready for the
voyage. Provisions were running low at Isabella. The
biscuits were almost gone, and the flour was used up.
There was some wheat, but there were-no mills to grind
itin. The colonists were starving in a bountiful land.
In order to give them something to do, so that they
might not be brewing mischief, and hoping to get them
used to eating the food of the country, Columbus made
all the able-bodied men in Isabella, except a few work-
men whom he wanted to build mills and some sailors
for the ships, into a little army, and sent them to march .
through the island and overawe the Indians. He sent
this body of men as far as Cibao under the charge of
Ojeda. When this captain reached Fort St. Thomas
he was to take command of this fort, and let Pedro
Margarite take the lead of the little army.
Ojeda had got no farther than the River of Gold
before he got into trouble with the Indians. Three
Spaniards going from Cibao to Isabella had been
granted by a chief three Indians to carry their baggage
over the river. When the three Indian porters had
TROUBLES OF THE COLONY. 147
got half-way across the river, they turned and ran away
with the bundles of the Spaniards. The native king,
instead of punishing his thievish subjects, took posses-
sion of the bundles himself, in all simplicity. The
Spaniards demanded their property in vain. Ojeda,
appearing on the scene, cut off the ears of one of the
thieves and sent nearly the whole royal family in irons
to Isabella. Columbus thought best to make an example
of these fellows, to save the Spaniards from further
tronble. A chief, who lived near the unlucky one whom
Columbus was about to punish, came to Isabella in a
great hurry, to beg for mercy for his friend. This chief
had been very kind to the white men, but Columbus,
nevertheless, had his prisoners taken to the public square
to have their heads cut off. The friendly chief begged
with many tears for the lives of the captives, and Co-
lumbus finally forgave them.
Having settled the affairs of the colony as well as he
could, Columbus set sail on the 24th of ApH, in his
three ‘smaller vessels, to look for Asia.
148 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXV.
THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY.
1494.
Tue admiral, having heard that Guacanagari had
come back to his old home, stopped at the harbor of La
Navidad to see him. The chief, however, took a hasty
leave when he saw the ships appear. So Columbus
sailed on for Cuba. He thought that Cuba was part of
the main-land of Asia, and he wanted to know more
. about it and especially to claim it for Spain before the
Portuguese should reach it by the opposite route. He
soon approached the eastern end, which is now called
Point Maysi. From this place the admiral set out to
sail along the southern shore of Cuba. After coasting
for some distance he anchored in a harbor which is
now called Guantanamo. The entrance to this harbor
was narrow, but within it seemed like a lake surround-
ed by mountains and bordered by blossoming trees.
Columbus could see two cabins built of reeds, and the
smoke of fires on the beach. He landed with some
armed men and the San Salvador Indian, who went
along as interpreter, but the wigwams were empty and
the fires had been deserted. Apparently the Spaniards
had broken up a feast. There were fish, utias or little
rabbits, and guanas or big lizards, hanging on the trees
or roasting over the fires. As the Spaniards had been
.
THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY. 149
living meagerly of late, they sat down to eat without
more ado, though they left the guanas untouched, for
they considered them a kind of serpent, and felt much
disgust at the thought of eating them. After they had
feasted, the men, strolling about in the woods, happened
on seventy Indians huddled together upon the top of a
high rock. ‘When the Spaniards tried to get near them
they fled, with the exception of one very bold man,
who stood ready to run at the first sign of danger. The
Indian interpreter was sent out to talk with this brave.
MAP OF THE VOYAGE ALONG THE COAST OF CUBA.
The interpreter having satisfied the natives that their
strange-looking visitors meant them no harm, they pres-
ently came forth from their hiding-places. Their chief,
they said, had sent them to the sea-shore to get fish for
a feast which he was going to give to another chief, and
they were cooking the provisions as the only means of
keeping them from spoiling in a warm climate. The
savages gave themselves no trouble because the strangers
had eaten their food. They said that one nigbt’s fishing
would make that good. Columbus, however, paid them
in beads and hawkbells, so that white men and Indians
150 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
parted very good friends, after a hearty ‘hend-shaking
all around.
As the ships sailed atop the coast crowds of Indians
—men, women, and children—looked at them from the
land. They held up fruits and provisions to tempt
the strange voyagers ashore, and sometimes they pad-
dled out in their canoes, bringing cassava bread, fish,
and calabashes of fresh water as offerings to the heav-
enly beings. The admiral never failed to send the
simple creatures away happy with gifts of trifles. He
. dropped anchor again in another noble harbor. Here
there were Indian villages and cultivated spots of ground
which looked in the distance like orchards and gardens.
We must remember that Columbus and his men were
always straining their eyes to see some sign of the civ-
ilization of eastern Asia. The people of this bay were
as friendly as possible. The admiral asked them ‘where
gold was to be found. They directed him to a large
island south of them. Columbus was tempted to go out
of his course to look for this island. He steered directly
south. Presently the lovely shores of Jamaica came in
view. He thought this the most delightful land he had
yet seen.
It is strange to see how variously the Indians were
affected by the first sight of white men. In some places
they fled, in others they came out to meet their visitors
with perfect confidence, while in still other places thev
were disposed to fight. The Indians of Jamaica met
the ships in a fleet of large canoes, giving the war-
whoop, and threatening the Spaniards with their wooden
lances. Columbus, as usual, avoided a battle. He
wished to make friends with them and learn something
THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY. 151
from them about the world in which they lived. Look-
ing for a harbor where he could get fresh water and
eareen one of his ships to calk her, he found a bay
where the savages were very fierce. They were decked
with black war-paint and gayly colored feathers, and
they threw their spears at the white men and yelled in
true Indian style. As it was necessary to get rid of
these furious fellows before the ship could be hauled
ashore and careened, Columbus sent some cross-bow men
in the boats to attack them. Spanish arrows fired from
cross-bows soon threw the warriors into confusion. The
men then landed, let fly another volley, and set a fierce
dog on the Indians. This is the first time that we hear
of a dog being used in Indian warfare; it was, in fact,
a custom brought from Europe, where the use of these
animals in war was not unknown. Large dogs were
new to the natives, who had only small dogs that could
not bark. —
Columbus named the island Santiago, but it has re-
tained its more beautiful Indian name of Jamaica. The
Indians, after they had been cured of their first fury,
were friendly enough, bringing the Spaniards plenty of
fresh provisions. These people had very large “dug-
out†canoes, made of immense mahogany trees. These
were carved and painted at the bow and stern. It is
said that one of these canoes was ninety-six feet long
and eight feet wide. Columbus did not stay long at
Jamaica. Probably he did not find the prospect of
gold sufficient to tempt him to give up his search for
India along the coast of Cuba. Just as he was about
leaving Jamaica an adventurous young Indian came out
to the ships and begged to go with the white men. His
152 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
family followed him, imploring him not to go, but he
persisted. He sailed away with the Spaniards, and we
do not know what became of him.
Columbus crossed again to Cuba, steering for a cape
which he named Cabo de la Cruz, or Cape of the Cross,
and the cape is-still called by this name. He landed at
a large native town. The chief of this place told him
that when the Spaniards sailed along the northern
shore of Cuba, on the first voyage of Columbus, the
Indians who had seen the white-men told the news
from one to another, and that it had reached him. The
admiral asked these savages whether Cuba was an island
or a continent. They answered that it was an island,
but so large that no one had ever seen the end of it.
This answer left Columbus as uncertain as ever. He
sailed on west, and presently found himself in a very
large bay or gulf. A severe thunder-storm struck him
here. This tempest put the ships in a good deal of
danger while it lasted, because there were many sand-
banks and keys or little rocky islands in this bay. The
farther the ships sailed, the more of these islands there
were.. The sailor at the mast-head could see them as
far as his eyesight reached. Some were small and
bare, others were green, while still others were covered
with forest trees. It was a very beautiful sight, and
Columbus called this the Queen’s Garden. The Queen’s
Garden was, however, a very dangerous place for ships,
and the admiral hardly dared to sleep night or day, for
fear of another accident like that which had happened
on his first voyage. He might have stood farther out
to sea and avoided these keys, but he remembered that
Marco Polo had described the coast of Asia as having
THE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY. 153
a great many islands near it, and he expected soon to
reach some rich country. It was a most anxious time
for Columbus, for often the ships had to be towed out
of a dangerous place, while sometimes they actually
touched upon sand-banks in spite of all his care.
While the admiral was sailing among these islands
he came upon some Indian fishermen, who were too
much absorbed in their pursuit to be frightened at the
sight of the strange vessels. They motioned for the
whites to keep still and not disturb their fishing. So
the Spaniards watched them a while. The Indians tied
a line to the tail of a small fish which had hooked fins
upon its back. The story goes that these fish very
obligingly went and hooked themselves into the bodies
of large fish; but it seems more likely that the large fish
swallowed the little fish, and so got caught themselves.
The Spaniards invited the fishermen on board. The
Indians gave the whites their fish, and would have given
them their fishing-tackle and the gourds in which they
carried their drinking-water, but Columbus would not
take these. He mnde the fahermen happy by some
cheap presents.
The ships sailed on, the men still admiring the little
islands, on some of which they saw brilliant flamingoes,
while on others were tortoises. They observed that
these creatures laid their eggs in the sand and left them
there to be hatched by the heat of the sun.
After the hot tropical day in these regions the
clouds gathered at sunset every evening and there was
a terrible thunder-shower, which cleared away when
the moon rose. The nightly tempests gave Columbus
a great deal of anxiety in these dangerous shallows.
154 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXVI.
ALONG THE COAST OF CUBA.
1494.
For a little time Columbus found it clear sailing,
having got out of the Queen’s Garden at last. He
stopped at a large Indian village for food and water.
_ The natives brought the white men some kind of a bird
to eat, which they took for a dove. Finding that these
birds had a peculiar taste, Columbus had the crop of
‘one of them opened, and thought that it contained
sweet spices. As spices were wished for next to gold,
the admiral believed this a good sign. He tried at this
place, as usual, to find out what the Indians knew of
the geography of the land that they lived in. The old
chief of the village said that farther on there were a
great many more islands, and that the sea was shallow.
The Indians had never heard, they said, that Cuba had
any end to the west—at least, they were certain that one
could not reach the end in forty moons. They said
that there was a country west of here called Mangon,
where one might learn more about it.
Mangon, Columbus thought, sounded like Mangi,
which was the name of the southern part of China, ac-
cording to Marco Polo. He asked the Indians more
about it, and got from them some story about the people
who lived there having tails and wearing clothes to
ALONG THE COAST OF CUBA. | 155
-hide them. In truth, Columbus had got into a region
of romance once more, for he had reached a land where
his interpreter could.not understand the language of the
natives, and so conversation was carried on by signs.
Now, Columbus remembered that Sir John Mandeville,
the Englishman who had traveled in Asia after Marco
Polo, had said that some of the naked tribes of Asia
believed that the people who wore clothes did so to
conceal tails, as they could think of no other reason for
wearing clothes.
Ever hopeful, and expecting soon to reach a esunkry
where people went clothed, Columbus presently came
to a sea rendered milky a color by fine white sand
nfixed with the water. The ships were soon entangled
among many little islands again, but Columbus pushed -
ahead, believing himself on the eve of making some
notable discovery. He stopped in a great bay, and sent
some men ashore for water. The forests were so high
and thick that it was impossible to tell whether there
were any people living here or not. While the men
were filling the water-barrels, one Spaniard scrambled
about in the woods with his cross-bow, looking for game.
He came running back to his companions. and said that
he had seen some thirty Indians, among whom were
three white men, one of whom was dressed in a long
white robe, while two wore tunics down to their knees.
He said that he had shouted for his companions, for he
was afraid to meet so many alone, and with that the
whole troop had fled. The sailors all took refuge in
the ships immediately, for there seemed to be some-
thing terrifying to them in the idea of meeting men in
clothes. As for Columbus, he was pleased to hear the
156 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
story, for he thought that he was now about to find a
civilized country, or that at least there was a civilized
land in the interior.
The next day the admiral sent an armed oe of
men on shore,.telling them to go forty miles inland, if
need ‘be, to find these men who wore clothing. They
traveled through the forest until they came to a plain
overgrown with tall and matted grass, in which they
became so tangled that they presently returned. But
Columbus did not give it up, and sent another party
out the next day. These men had not gone far before
they found the track of some large animal. It was no
doubt the foot-prints of an alligator, but they took it
for the tracks of nothing less than a lion or a griffim,
and made a hasty retreat for the ships. They had
found on their trip great cranes feeding in natural
meadows, had. smelled spicy odors, and had seen im-
mense grape-vines climbing up the trees. Columbus
afterward sent some clusters of grapes from this part of
Cuba to Ferdinand and Isabella, as well as some of the
water of the milky sea. ;
The admiral sailed on until he came to some Indian
cabins. The natives were naked, but Columbus was
not dismayed by this, as he imagined that they were
only fishing tribes, and that more civilized people
lived inland. These Indians brought out provisions
to the ships. Columbus tried to learn something from
one of them about the country, but as he had to talk
by signs, he got a queer story as usual. This time ~
it was a tale of a chief living yin the mountains, who
wore a long white robe and spoke only by signs. Be-
yond this place the admiral found only a lonely coast
ALONG THE COAST OF CUBA. 157
where no human beings were to be seen. Still, he did
not for a moment doubt that he was near the civilized
_parts of Asia. He made a plan for exploration which
was worthy of his great mind. He would continue on
past India to the Red Sea and so cross over to Joppa
on the Mediterranean, and sail back to Spain, or, better
still, sail clear around Africa and beat the Portuguese
on their own ground. In this way Columbus thought
to be the first man to go around the world. This
was a noble plan, and perhaps Columbus would have
tried to carry it out if he could. He would then
have found that Cuba was only an island, and would
have discovered the main-land of America lying in his
way, if he had sailed on to the west; and in reaching
Mexico he might have found something like the civil-
ization that he was looking for, as well as gold enough
to fulfill the hopes of Spain. But his ships were very
leaky, his stock of sea-biscuit was scanty and spoiled by
being wet, and his men, incapable of his great concep-
tions, were clamorous to return to Hispaniola.
Columbus sailed westward until the 13th of June,
and still found no end to Cuba. The sailors agreed
with him that this was no doubt the main-land of Asia.
But before he turned back, the admiral sent a notary
around the three ships to take the oath of every man
that Cuba was the continent of Asia. This seems a
strange thing to do, but Columbus began to find out
that his men could tell different tales about his discov-
eries under different circumstances. Everybody, down
to the ships’ boys, took their oath, and it was then pro-
claimed that if an officer contradicted this statement he
was to pay a fine of ten thousand maravedis, while a
12
158 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
common sailor would get a hundred lashes and have his
tongue cut out.
While this strange Old World proceeding was go-
ing on to prove that Cuba was a continent, it is said
that a ship’s boy at the mast-head might have looked
over the islands and seen the Gulf of Mexico beyond.
But Columbus turned back, and as he steered south-
east he discovered the large Island of Pines.
THE RETURN TO HISPANIOLA. 159
CHAPTER XXVII.
THE RETURN TO HISPANIOLA.
149}.
Cotumsus stopped at the Island of Pines for wood
and water. He tried to sail around the south side of
this island to get away from the little keys, but he got
into a deep lagoon instead of a channel, and had to go
back. The men were much discontented at having to
sail back ever so little. Having got out of the lagoon,
Columbus went around the north of the island, where
the ships sailed through a milky sea and an inky sea.
Again they must worm their way through dangerous
passages between little islands. Once the admiral’s
ship ran aground. It was impossible to pull her off
the bar, and she had to be towed over, which strained
her badly and made her more leaky than ever.
The little vessels at last reached open water. Sweet
odors came from the shores. On the lonely coast where
they had been the men had to live on a pound of
moldy sea-biscuit and a small measure of wine a day.
They were glad enough now to anchor in the mouth
of a river and feast on utias, birds, cassava bread, and
tropical fruits brought to them by the Indians. Co-
lumbus had a wooden cross put up here, as he did in
many other places, by way of taking possession. After
the cross had been put up mass was said, The old
160 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
chief of the country “assisted very decently†at the
mass by making various motions. When the ceremony
was over he gave the Spaniards to understand that he
comprehended perfectly that they were thanking God,
and that he knew that the souls of the good would go to
heaven, while the body would return to the earth. He
said that he had visited Jamaica and Hispaniola and
knew the principal people on these islands, and that he
had traveled to the east of Cuba, where there was a
chief who wore a robe like the Spanish priests. As
this Indian king said all this by signs, we may be per-
mitted to doubt whether he said anything of the sort,
and believe that what he really said was something
quite different. When Cuba came to be better known,
no people were found in it who wore clothes, so that
the tales of people who wore robes grew no doubt
out of the strong belief of the white men that they were
in Asia.
From this river Columbus struck out more to sea,
to avoid the shallows of the shore. On the 6th of
July there set in a terrible rain which seemed like an-
other deluge. What with leaking from below and
with rain from above, the ships were pretty nearly sub-
merged. The poor sailors toiled at the pumps without
any apparent effect. Columbus and his men suffered
very much, for they had to support all the work and
anxiety of the voyage on spoiled and scanty food.
When they got fresh provisions from the natives they
could not keep them over one night, so warm was the
climate. Columbus, worn out by his trials, vowed that
he would never subject himself to such vexations again.
After eleven weary days the ships made land at
THE RETURN TO HISPANIOLA. - 161
Cape Cruz. The Indians brought them cassava bread,
- fish, fruits, and other things to eat, and the hungry
men were comforted for a time. Necessity had made
them begin to like the native food. The wind was
contrary for sailing to Hispaniola, and so Columbus
struck over to Jamaica and coasted the southern shore
of this island. Perhaps he had not yet given up his
notion that there was gold on this island. He beat to
the east for nearly a month along the shore of Jamaica,
the winds being very unfavorable. The enthusiastic
explorer was delighted with this his last discovery.
The natives were now very friendly, and came to the
ships in canoes with provisions. At one place three
canoes paddled out to meet the ships. In one of these,
which was carved and painted, was a chief with his
wife and two daughters. This chief moved in state.
His attendants wore head-dresses of gay feathers, while
round his own head were strings of colored stones, with
a large piece of gold in front. He wore two plates of
gold hanging from his ears, a string of white beads
hung around his neck, while he was adorned with a
belt of colored stones about his waist. His wife was
decorated with bead ornaments, and wore also a small
cotton apron, and some cotton bands about the arms
and legs. The eldest daughter had a girdle of stones,
but the other one was probably too young for finery,
for she wore nothing whatever. It is said that this
chief wished to go away with the Spaniards, but Co-
lumbus would not take him, knowing how much In-
dians suffered when they attempted to live in a state of
civilization.
It was the 20th of August when Columbus sighted
162 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the western end of Hispaniola. He was not sure what
island it was, until a chief came off to the ships who
called Columbus by name and used words which he
had learned of the colonists. The homesick sailors
were delighted. They were yet, however, a long way
from Isabella. Columbus lost sight of two of his ships
at one time, and sent some sailors to climb to the top of
a small rocky island to look for them. The men did
not discover the lost ships, but they killed six sea-
wolves and a number of birds. These creatures were
so unused to men that they could be knocked over with
sticks. After six days of waiting the lost vessels re-
joined the admiral. The little fleet then sailed west-
ward along the southern shore of the island in view of
a beautiful plain, where there were many inhabitants.
Some of the people came out to the ships and told Co-
Iumbus that men from Isabella had visited them. He
asked them how things went with the colony, and they
said “ Well.†Columbus was much relieved when he
heard this, for he was anxious about the settlement.
He sent nine men overland to Isabella to carry the
-news that he was coming.
By the middle of September Columbus was still
coasting Hispaniola, when he was struck by a very bad
storm. He took refuge. behind a small island which
lay near Hispaniola, but he was very anxious about his
other ships, which were in the open sea. They rode
out the storm in safety, however, and joined the admi-
ral when it was over. The discoverer had planned to
extend his voyage to some of the Caribbee islands, but
he had been so anxious and slept so little for so long a
time, that he fell ill of a fever at this point, and lay as
THE RETURN TO HISPANIOLA. 163
though he were dumb, blind, and senseless for many
days, His men hastened to Isabella with him.
The first person that the sick discoverer saw when
he came to consciousness was his brother Bartholomew,
whom he had not seen for more than eight years. Co-
lumbus must have been delighted to encounter this
brother once more, as he seems to have been very fond
of him. Bartholomew Columbus had come back to
Spain when he had heard of the great deeds of Chris-
topher. The king and queen had received him very
kindly, and had given him the command of some ships
which were going out with provisions for the colony.
Be
VIEW OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF HISPANIOLA.
164 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY IN THE ABSENCE OF
COLUMBUS.
1494.
Tue sight of his brother was the only pleasant thing
which happened to the sick discoverer when he reached
his colony. Everything had been going as badly as
possible. Pedro Margarite, who had been left by Co-
lumbus in command of a small army, instead of explor-
ing the island in accordance with the orders of the ad-
miral, encamped in the Vega Real, among the Indians.
Here the Spaniards acted much as the first colonists on
the island had done: they devoured the food of the
natives, eating more, it was said, in a day than would
supply a native for a month. They robbed the Indians
of their wives and led wicked, lawless lives in every
way. In vain Diego Columbus had remonstrated with
Margarite. Margarite thought himself above an upstart
family like that of Columbus. Many of the colonists,
belonging to great Spanish families, having been an-
gered that Columbus had forced them to work, took the
part of Margarite. Father Boil, who was the head of
the priests in the colony, was among the malcontents.
Margarite and Boil did not think it best to wait for
Columbus to return, but took themselves off in the ships
which had been brought over by Bartholomew Colum-
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 165
bus. They wished to hurry back to Spain in order to
tell their tale first to the king and queen.
Meantime, the soldiers, left to themselves, wandered
about the island robbing and oppressing the Indians at
their will. The natives presently began to take revenge
in true Indian fashion, falling suddenly upon any small
bands of white men that they might find and massacring
them. One chief put to death the Spaniards who had
quartered themselves in his town. After this he set
fire to a house where there were forty sick men.
The fierce chief Caonabo thought it a good time to
attack Fort St. Thomas. But this fort was in the hands
of Alonzo de Ojeda, and he was quite another sort of a
man to deal with. He had fought the Moors and been
engaged in private feuds and duels many times, having
never yet lost a drop of blood. He always carried with
him a small painting of the Virgin, which he believed
protected him from harm. When he was out on an
expedition, he would take this picture from his knap-
sack whenever there was a chance, and, hanging it
against a tree, say his prayers to it. Like John Smith,
the warrior of Jamestown, and Miles Standish, the In-
dian fighter of Plymouth, Ojeda was a little man, but
very bold and strong.
Caonabo found Ojeda ready for him. The fort was
well built, and surrounded by a river on three sides and
a ditch on the other. Not finding the white men off
their guard, as they had hoped, there remained noth-
ing for the natives to do but to starve them out.
They besieged the fort, but Ojeda gave them plenty to
do, falling upon them at any favorable moment, and
slaughtering them right and left at the point of the
166 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS,
sword. Indians are never good atasiege. They began
to fall away one by one, until Caonabo was forced to
go himself for want of an army. But the chief did not
give up his hope of exterminating the white men. He
prowled around Isabella, and saw how weak it was and
how many of the people were ill. There were five
great chiefs in the island, and Caonabo made a plan to
get them all to join him, in order to get rid of the
Spaniards once for all. The five chiefs were easily
persuaded, except our old friend Guacanagari, who once
more took the part of the white men. As he was the
chief whose people lived nearest to Isabella, he was an
important ally.
"After Columbus had returned from his voyage, he
was sick for some time. He made Bartholomew his
lieutenant or adelantado, for this brother was a man of
a great deal more force than Diego. While Columbus
was still lying ill Guacanagari came to visit him. He
told Columbus how he had remained friendly to the
white men in spite of the persuasions of the other chiefs.
He said that this had made the other chiefs angry with
him, and they had killed one of his wives and stolen
another. He wanted Columbus to help him punish his
enemies. When he talked about the massacre of the
first colony it was with tears in his eyes, so that Co-
lumbus began to think as much of Guacanagari as he
had at first.
At present the Indians were menacing a small Span-
ish fort called Magdalena, which was near the great
‘Vega. Columbus sent some soldiers to relieve this fort.
He also sent for the principal chief of this region, whose
name was Guarionex. He explained to Guarionex that
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 167
he had only sent out these soldiers to relieve his fort
and punish the chief who had massacred so many Span-
jards while he was away. He also said that the bad
actions of the Spaniards while he was away had been
done in disobedience to his orders. In order to get this
chief to feel friendly toward the settlement, he persuaded
him to allow his daughter to marry his Indian inter-
preter, who was a San Salvador Indian. In this way
Columbus coaxed away another chief from Caonabo.
He did not. know how to deal with Caonabo himself,
however, for it was impossible to hunt him out of his
mountains, and there was no knowing when he might
fall upon the settlements. At this moment the bold
little Captain Ojeda offered to go with only ten men to
capture the dreaded chief and bring him alive to Isa-
bella. Columbus gladly accepted this offer, though it
was doubtful what would be the outcome of such an
adventure.
168 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXIX.
OJEDA’S ADVENTURE AND THE WAR THAT FOLLOWED.
1494-1495.
Osepa chose ten men to go with him, and, after
arming and mounting them well, set off on his hair-
brained adventure. He traveled many miles through
the forests before he reached the home of the mountain
chief. Probably his picture of the Virgin went with
him and hung on more than
one tree by the way. Cao-
nabo was not alarmed when
.,e these eleven white men en-
tered his town, for they
were too few to do him any
harm. Ojeda pretended to
have come on a friendly
errand from Co-
lumbus, to bring
sees the chief a val-
Fe uable present.
OLD CANNON FROM THE FORTRESS OF SANTO The bold Span-
DOMINGO.
ish soldier soon
made himself a prime favorite among the Indians. He
could do all kinds of feats, to their great admiration,
and they already knew him to be a great warrior.
Ojeda took a strange way to coax Caonabo to go to
Ojeda praying to his picture of the Virgin.
OJEDA’S ADVENTURE. 169
the settlement. It seems that the Indians were very
much charmed with the chapel bell at Isabella. One
can fancy that an Indian, who delighted in the tinkle of
hawkbells tied on his arms and legs when he danced,
would be much pleased with the sound of a large bell.
The Indians thought that the chapel
bell was certainly twrey, or supernatural.
When they saw the Spaniards hurry to
church at the sound of its ringing they
imagined that the bell talked to them.
Ojeda now offered to give Caonabo this
wonderful bell if he would go to Isa-
bella with him. Caonabo thought he
would, but he took care to take his war-
riors along. Ojeda objected that this
did not look like a friendly visit, but
Caonabo said that it would not do for a
person of his importance to go visiting
with fewer attendants. This was a very
good excuse, but Ojeda did not like the
looks of this manceuvre. He knew that
Columbus wanted to avoid war and
either make peace with this chief or
capture him. He pretended to be sat-
isfied, however, and traveled on with
the Indians. When they were near the
river Yaqui Ojeda one day showed Caonabo a set of
burnished steel manacles. He told the chief that these
beantiful ornaments came from the turey of Biscay,
Biscay being the Spanish town where iron was manu-
factured. He also said that these ornaments were worn
by the kings of Spain at their most solemn dances,
INDIAN
BATTLE-AXE,
170 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
The flattered chief consented to put them on, after hav-
' ing bathed in the river. The next step was to persuade
Caonabo that it would be a fine thing to ride into
Isabella on horseback wearing these royal ornaments.
The chief consented to mount behind Ojeda, dressed in
manacles. He no doubt felt that he cut a fine figure
in the eyes of his wondering subjects, decked with shin-
ing ornaments and daring
to ride one of the dread-
ed horses. Ojeda and
his men dashed around
among the Indians, mak-
ing wider and wider cir-
cles, until they got out of
sight in the forest. The
soldiers then drew up
around Caonabo, bran-
dishing their swords and
telling the chief that they
would kill him if he made
a sound or tried to get
away. They hastily tied him with cords to Ojeda, and
they all rode away for Isabella, leaving the Indians far
behind. They had a long and dangerous journey be-
fore them. They thought best to avoid Indian villages
or gallop through them at full speed, and they suffered
greatly from hunger and watchfulness.
Fancy the surprise in Isabella when the brave little
Captain Ojeda entered the town with the dreadful Ca-
onaba tied behind him. The chief bore his misfortunes
stolidly, in Indian fashion. For want of a better place,
Columbus kept him a prisoner in his own house, which
CANNON OF COLUMBUS'S TIME.
OJEDA’S ADVENTURE. 171
was small. The captive chief, in chains, could be seen
by passers-by through the open door. When Colum-
bus, who kept up a good deal of dignity as viceroy, en-
tered the house, all who were there rose in his presence.
The Indian chief, however, declined to rise, but he al-
ways got up when the small Captain Ojeda entered.
The Spaniards asked Caonabo the reason of this. Co-
lumbus, they told him, was guamiguina, or chief over
all, and Ojeda was only one of his men. Caonabo an-
swered that Columbus had not dared to come to his
house and make him a prisoner, while Ojeda had.
By capturing Caonabo Columbus did not get rid of
Indian wars. One of this chief’s brothers presently
marched forth to attack Ojeda, who was at St. Thomas
again. The little captain, however, rode out to meet
the Indians, and soon put them to flight, killing many
of them and capturing the chief’s brother.
As was always the case with later colonies in the
New World, the men were generally half starved,
though living in a plentiful land. The supplies fur-
nished by the Indians were uncertain, as they were a
very indolent people and did not feel obliged to raise
more food than was necessary for their own immediate
wants. The colonists, so long as they had to work for
the colony in general, never succeeded in planting
enough to support themselves. The famine in the
colony of Columbus was only ended by the arrival of
four ships from Spain loaded with provisions. The
admiral sent back by these ships five hundred Indians
to be sold as slaves in Spain. This was a cruel meas-
ure, into which Columbus was probably pushed by the
demand upon him to make the colony immediately
18
172 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
profitable, while it was argued that the poor natives
were thus put where they might stand a chance of being
converted to Christianity. The wars with the Indians.
had perhaps also excited a hatred of the race. Colum-
bus sent over what gold had been gathered, but this
was probably not a very large amount, considering that
the settlers had spent more time in squabbling and idle-
ness than in gold-digging. The Indians were sold in
Seville, but they died speedily in their new and hard
life.
During all this time Columbus was ill. It was not
until five months after he had first been taken sick on
shipboard that he recovered his usual health. Indian
war was constantly
. threatening the set-
tlement, and by April,
1495, it broke out.
All of the chiefs, ex-
cepting Guacanagari,
banded together to at-
STONE-CARVING, FROM SANTO DOMINGO. tack the white men,
another brother of Ca-
onabo taking his place as chief of the tribe. They were
on the warpath now, making their way toward Isabella.
Columbus made haste to muster his army. It was
very small—only two hundred footmen and twenty
horsemen—but there were also twenty bloodhounds.
The white men wore steel armor, and carried cross-bows,
swords, lances, and the awkward gun called the arque-
buse. Guacanagari and his warriors followed the Span-
ish force, but they were of no use to the white men.
The little army marched up over the Pass of the Hidal-
OJEDA’S ADVENTURE. 173
goes and down into the beautiful Vega Real. The In-
dians sent scouts ahead to see how many there were of
the white men. The savages were not able to count
above ten, so they carried ears
of corn with them and shelled
off a grain for every man they
saw in the army of Columbus.
As they brought back a very
small amount of corn to repre-
sent the Spanish army, the In-
dian chiefs felt sure of success.
Columbus divided his army
into several parts, each of which
attacked the Indians from dif-
ferent points. The sound of
drums, trumpets, and fire-arms
drowned the war-whoops of the
natives. The horses trampled
them under foot, their riders
dealt blows to right and left
with their swords, the bloodhounds chased down their
prey and tore the helpless creatures to pieces, while
the arquebuse did its share in the deadly work. The
warriors fled in every direction, or begged for mercy
from the tops of rocks and precipices. Many were
killed, and many more were taken prisoners.
After the battle Columbus made a tour through the
known part of the island and reduced it to subjection.
The Indians were forced to pay tribute. Each savage
over the age of fourteen was made to pay a hawkbell
full of gold-dust. In the places where there was no
gold, cotton was taken in its stead. A much larger
a :
COLUMBUS'S ARMOR.
174 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
tribute was exacted of the chiefs. The brother of Ca-
onabo had to give half a calabash of gold. When the
Indians had paid their tribute they were given medals
of lead or leather to wear around their necks, and any
Indian found without his medal was punished. This
tribute was a terrible burden to the Indians, to whom
work made life unendurable. It bore also very hard
upon the chiefs, who were leaders among the Indians
rather than kings, as the Spaniards thought, and could
not, it is probable, exact much tribute from their so-
called subjects, and so were little richer than other In-
dians. It was found to be so hard for the natives to
furnish so much gold that the tribute was reduced to
half a hawkbell of gold-dust, a hawkbell full being
worth about five dollars. Meantime, there was such
complete peace that a white man might go from one
end to the other of the island unarmed and meet with
no harm.
TROUBLE FOR COLUMBUS. 175
CHAPTER XXX.
TROUBLE FOR COLUMBUS, AND A NEW GOLD MINE.
1495-1496.
Cotvmpus had no sooner settled the affairs of the
island than his enemies in Spain made him fresh trouble,
and they could not be dealt with so easily as the simple
Indians. The two runaways, Margarite and Father
Boil, had made as bad a story as possible of the troubles
of the colony, blaming Columbus for everything. Ase
it was very hard for the king and queen to know the
real state of the case at so great a distance, they sent a
man named Juan Aguado out to the colony to inquire
into the state of affairs there. This Aguado had been
one of the officers of Columbus on his second voyage
out. In his letters to court, Columbus had recommended
him and Margarite to the royal favor. Now, however,
we find that they were both his enemies.
When Aguado landed at Isabella Columbus was in
the interior of the island. Aguado took no notice of
Bartholomew Columbus, who was governing in his
brother’s absence. He caused the letter of credence
given to him by the king and queen to be proclaimed
by sound of trumpet It read:
“Knights, esquires, and other persons who by our
orders are in the Indies, we send to you Juan Aguado,
our groom of the chambers, who will speak to you on
176 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
our part. We recommend you to give him faith and
credit.†:
Of course, everybody who was discontented com-
plained to Aguado, and there were many such people,
while Aguado made the most of his little time of au-
thority. Meantime, Columbus hastened to Isabella.
People expected that there would be some sort of an
explosion when Aguado and the proud discoverer met.
But there was nothing of the sort. Columbus received
Aguado courteously, caused the letter of credence to be
proclaimed again by trumpet, and said that he was ready
to obey the sovereigns in everything.
After Aguado had meddled in the government of
the island and had spent some time hearing the com-
' plaints of discontented white men and Indians, this gen-
tleman got ready to leave. Columbus also thought best
to go back to Spain and try to undo what his enemies
had been doing against him at court. When the ships
were all ready to set sail one of those terrible hurri-
canes which occur sometimes in tropical countries
struck Hispaniola. A wind from the east and a wind
from the west seemed to meet and engage in a terrific
war to the sound of thunder. The whirlwind tore over
the country, pulling up great trees by the roots, and
loosening rocks in the mountains, which crashed into
the valleys below. The lighter houses were blown
away, and people fled for safety. The ships in the har-
bor were whirled about, their cables broken, and they
were either sunk or wrecked on the shore, while the
men on board of them were drowned: After three
hours the storm was over. The Indians called this
kind of storm furicanes or wricanes, and that is how
TROUBLE FOR COLUMBUS. 177
they have come to have the name of hurricane. The
four ships which Aguado had brought over were
wrecked, as well as two others that were in the harbor.
There was only the Nina left, and she was badly dam-
aged. Columbus and Aguado did not care to sail to
Spain in the same vessel, so that there was nothing to
do but to wait until another could be built out of the
timbers of the wrecked ships. ae
While the vessel was being built something interest-
ing happened. There was a young Spaniard named
Miguel Diaz, who had had a fight with another man
and wounded him so badly that it was thought that he
would die. Afraid of being punished as a murderer,
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young Diaz ran away with several other men who had
been in the fight with him. They wandered about the
island until they came to an Indian village in the south-
ern part of Hispaniola, which stood where the city of
178 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Santo Domingo now is. The Indians were friendly,
and the white men lived among them. There was a
female chief in this village—one Catalina. Young Diaz
became her husband after the Indian fashion, and they
lived together for some time.
After a while Diaz began to be weary of the society
of Indians. The Indian queen soon discovered what
made him sad. Afraid of losing her husband, Catalina
thought of a plan which would bring the Spaniards to
live in her town, so that Diaz would not lack for com-
pany. She accordingly told him that there was a fine
gold mine near by, and that this would be a much bet-
ter place for the Spaniards to build a town than Isa-
bella, which was unhealthy. The young man found what
Catalina had told him to be true; so, taking the Indian
guides, he set off for Isabella, hoping that the news of
a gold mine would buy him forgiveness for- his crime.
He went into Isabella secretly at first, but found that
the man whom he supposed he had killed had got, well *
again. He was not afraid now to go boldly to Colum-
bus with his piece of news. Columbus wanted to move
his settlement to a healthier spot, and would also like
to have some good news to take to Spain, so he sent his
brother Bartholomew with a party back with Miguel
Diaz to see if his tale were true. Bartholomew Colum-
bus crossed the island, and found a richer gold field
than had yet been discovered. In some places he saw
pits dug, as though the Indians had in some former
time had the industry to mine a little.
The admiral was much pleased when Bartholomew
brought back such good news. He ordered a fort to
be built at'these mines, so that they might be worked.
Catalina tells Diaz of a new gold-mine.
TROUBLE FOR COLUMBUS. 179
Miguel Diaz now became quite an important person.
Catalina got her reward, for Diaz did not desert the
wife who had brought him such a good dowry.
The very lively imagination of Columbus sometimes
earried him far, and made him think of many things
not so reasonable as his notion of finding land by sailing
to the west. He still thought himself to be in the far
East, and he now fancied that the gold diggings just
discovered were the ancient mines of Ophir, from which
Solomon got his gold for building the temple at Jerusa-
lem. Many people in a later period have had similar
fancies, and Ophir has been placed successively in Cali-
fornia and Australia by fanciful writers.
180 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
IN SPAIN.
1496.
Cotumeus sailed for Spain in March, 1496, with
some two hundred and twenty-five sickly or discon-.
tented men, who wished to return home, and thirty In-
dians, among whom were Caonabo, one of his brothers,
and anephew. The admiral promised this chief that
he would take him to Spain and then return him to his
home. It was not known then that by steering
somewhat north the trade winds could be avoided, so
Columbus, who steered directly east, had a very tedious
voyage. The clumsy ships of that time could make
little head against the wind, and the two little vessels
beat about for nearly a month without getting out of the
West Indies. Columbus anchored at length at the island
of Guadaloupe to make cassava bread, for he was afraid
that his provisions would not hold out for the voyage.
When the Spaniards tried to land, fierce Indian
women opposed them, armed with bows and arrows.
Columbus thought that this must be the island in Asia
which Marco Polo had told about where Amazons
lived. Some of the Spaniards busied themselves mak-
ing bread, while others made a trip inland and returned
with some captive women and children. One of these
women was a chief’s wife. She had nearly strangled
IN SPAIN. 181
the man who had tried to catch her, and he was only
saved by the other white men coming up in time.
These women were naked and wore their hair long.
They tied cotton bands very tightly around their legs
and ankles to make the calves of their legs look plump,
as large calves were thought a trait of beauty with them.
As Columbus considered that Guadaloupe was the gate,
so to speak, to many other islands, it seemed best to
him to send back the Indian women, in order that the
people might not fear the white men, so they were all
sent ashore, except the ferocious chief’s wife and her
daughter, who chose to stay among the Hispaniola Indi-
ans on shipboard.
Having laid in a store of twenty days’ bread, be-
sides what he already had, Columbus set sail. The
ships labored against contrary winds, and after a
month’s sailing had not yet neared the Old World.
The provisions were almost gone. Each man was
allowed but six ounces of bread a day and a little bot-
tle of water. Time wore on, and starvation became
imminent. Some were in favor of devouring the Indi-
ans, after the example of the detested Caribs, while
others were for throwing them overboard, so that.
they need no longer be fed out of the scanty stock.
But Columbus would hear nothing of the sort. He
and his pilots had some dispute as to where they were. -
Some thought that they were in the English Channel
and others that they were off France, but Columbus
thought that they were near the Azores. Land was
presently seen which Columbus said was Cape St. Vin-
cent near Lisbon. He ordered sail to be taken in for
the night, at which the hungry men grumbled. They
189 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
would rather be cast headlong on the coast of Europe
than stay another night famishing on the water. The
next day found them at the very land that Columbus
had said. During the long voyage the chief Caonabo
had died. He was the first of many native American
chiefs who tried to make a confederacy to oppose the
oncoming tide of European emigration.
When the discontented colonists disembarked in
Spain, lean with famine and sallow from the malarial
fevers of the New World, it was said by people who
saw them that all the gold they had brought back was
in their faces. Columbus was beginning to be some-
thing of a devotee under the troubles which had come
upon him. Though he was First Admiral of the Indies,
he went ashore unshaven and dressed in the gray robe
and cord of a Franciscan monk.
We know that Columbus had held extravagant ideas
about the countries he went to discover. He had to
swallow his disappointments and make the most of
naked barbarians, spices whose existence was only sus-
pected, and gold which was yet undug. But the people
in Spain who had not seen, as the great admiral had,
the wonderful beauty of these tropical islands, began to
imagine his discoveries of small account. The tales of
the runaway captain and priest and of the disappointed
colonists who had returned sallow and thin made them
think that the Indies must be a poor world after all.
Though Ferdinand and Isabella may have had
doubts as to whether Columbus was a good governor
from the tales they had heard, they still did not forget
that he was really a great man and had done them a
great service. As soon as they knew that he was in
IN SPAIN. 183
Spain they sent him a kind letter, asking him to come
to court. Columbus accordingly traveled toward the
city, where he was to meet the king and queen. He
knew that people had begun to say that there were no
riches in the West Indies, so he made a display, as he
journeyed, of head-ornaments, armlets, anklets, and col-
lars of gold, as well as Indian masks and queer images
of wood and cotton. The Indians that he brought
with him were decorated with gold trinkets and dressed
after their savage fashion. When Columbus passed
through a large town he put a heavy gold chain and
collar on the neck of the brother of Caonabo, who fig-
ured as king of the golden province of Cibao.
Columbus was very well received at court. He
showed the curiosities he had brought with him, gave
an account of his trip along the extreme coast of Asia,
which was really Cuba, and asked for eight ships with
which to make further discoveries in the New World.
The ships were promised, but it was a long while be-
fore the money for such an undertaking could be pro-
cured, for Ferdinand was an ambitious king and had
many enterprises in Europe which he thought more
important than the exploration of far-away lands. One
of the king’s cares at this time was the sending of a
great Spanish fleet to Flanders to bring back the Prin-
cess Margarita, who was to be married to Prince Juan,
the Spanish heir. The sons of Columbus, Diego and
Ferdinand, who had now both become, pages to Prince
Juan, were present at this ceremony when it took place.
During this time of waiting and neglect for Colum-
bus others were allowed to go out on voyages of dis-
covery. This was a much cheaper way for the rulers
184 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
of Spain to push forward discovery, and they began to
disregard their agreements with Columbus. “Now,â€
said Columbus bitterly, “there is not a man down to
the very tailors who does not beg to be allowed to be-
come a discoverer.â€
Provisions were sent out to the colonies, but Colum-
bus waited long for his ships. Meantime Isabella re- .
mained kind to him. She granted him again all the
rights that he had asked for when he went on his first
voyage, and also made them hereditary, for Columbus
wanted to found a great family. The crown prince did
not live very long after his marriage. Though the
queen was almost heartbroken at the loss of her only
son, she remembered the two sons of Columbus who
had been in the service of the dead prince, and made
them pages to herself.
After two years of waiting, a squadron of six ships
was granted to Columbus. It was now so hard to get
people to go to the New World, on acount of the bad
reports that had been made about it, that criminals were
permitted to go from the prisons instead of taking
their punishment at home. This was a bad method of
settling a new land, for where such people went there
was sure to be trouble.
Just as Columbus was about to set sail on this new
voyage, the fiery temper which is supposed to go with
auburn hair like his got the better of him, and in a dis-
pute with a man named Ximeno, he knocked him
down. Columbus afterward regretted bitterly this fit
of anger, and it is said to have done him more harm
with the king and queen than all the complaints from
Hispaniola.
COLUMBUS SAILS ON HIS THIRD VOYAGE, 185
CHAPTER XXXII.
COLUMBUS SETS SAIL ON HIS THIRD VOYAGE.
1498.
Ir was the 30th of May, 1498, that Columbus set
sail on his third voyage to America. He took a course
much farther south than he had done before. One
reason of this was that he wished to avoid a French —
squadron, which might make him trouble. Another
reason was that he had an idea that the main-land of
Asia lay farther to the south than he had sailed before.
He had also still another notion in steering southward.
A lapidary, or a man skilled in the knowledge of pre-
cious metals and stones, had told him that the most
precious articles came from the hottest regions of the
earth. He was of the opinion that if Columbus would
get nearer the equator, and find blacker races of men,
he would also discover more valuable articles.
At the Canary Islands the admiral divided his fleet,
and sent three ships directly to Hispaniola, so that the
colonists need not want for food. He sailed himself
first to the Cape de Verde Islands, which were barren,
and looked very different from the beautiful tropical
islands of America. From the Cape de Verde Islands
he steered southwest until he was near the equinoctial
line. He now found himself becalmed in a region of
terrible heat. The seams in the ships gaped, the tar
14
186 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
melted, the salt meat began to spoil, and the hoops
shrank from the barrels of wine and water. The holds
of the ships were so hot that the men could not stay
down there long enough to attend to the meat and the
leaky barrels. For eight days the heat lasted. Colum-
bus said that he thought the men would have died had
the sun shone, but it was cloudy and rained most of the
time. He gave up steering any farther south, and when
the east wind sprang up he sailed to the west. With
the east wind the weather became more endurable.
The ships sailed directly west for seventeen days.
The heat was getting very severe once more, and the
supply of water was almost exhausted. Columbus there-
fore changed his course to the northwest, hoping to
strike the Caribbee Islands. On the 31st of July there
was but one barrel of water left, when a sailor, who
climbed to the maintopmast, saw the peaks of three
mountains rising above the horizon. The men sang
their hymn of thanksgiving, and Columbus named the
land Trinidad, or Trinity, on account of its three peaks.
He steered for a cape which had a rock lying off it, that
looked like a galley under sail. Columbus named it
Cape Galea, or Galley, and it is now called Cape Gale-
ota. The island was very beautiful, and as “fresh and
green as the gardens of Valencia in March,†said Co-
lumbus. He had to sail some distance along the south-
ern coast of Trinidad before he could find good bottom
to anchor in. He only stopped long enough to take in
a barrel of water, and then sailed to a sandy point at
the western end of Trinidad, where he anchored once
more.
He now ordered the casks to be repaired, wood and
OOLUMBUS SAILS ON HIS THIRD VOYAGE. 187
water to be taken in, and gave the people a chance to
rest from their voyage. They found many tracks on
the shore which they thought were made by goats, but
probably they were the tracks of deer. The day after
the ships had anchored a large canoe put in an ap-
pearance, with twenty-four Indians in it. They were
young men with graceful figures, and lighter com-
plexions than any Columbus had seen before. They
wore cotton scarfs, woven out of various colors, bound
around their heads, or about their hips in place of
breeches. They were armed with bows, arrows, and
shields made of wood. They called to the white men
from their canoe, but they kept at a safe distance, and
if they thought that they were drifting dangerously
near they paddled off again. Columbus caused basins
of polished metal and looking-glasses to be held up so
that they might see them, hoping that these shining
articles would tempt them to come on board. After a
long while they moved a little nearer, but they were
very wary. The admiral wished very much to speak to
these Indians, so he ordered a drum to be played on the
quarter-deck, and told some of the young men on board
to dance, thinking that the Indians would come up to
see the fun. The latter, however, so soon as the danc-
_ing began dropped their paddles, strung their bows, and
let fly at the dancers. The music and dancing ceased
very suddenly, and Columbus ordered that the compli-
ment should be returned by cross-bow men. When
the Spanish arrows began-to fly the Indians took refuge
under the poop of one of the smaller ships. The cap-
tain of this ship talked with the Indians as well as he
could. He gave their chief a coat and hat, and agreed
188 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
to meet them on the shore. While he went to the
admiral’s ship to get permission to do this the Indians
went away.
Columbus found that there was a strait between
Trinidad and another land which lay west of it, and
which he called Gracia. He did not know that Gracia
was the mainland for which he had looked so long.
The currents rushed through this strait with such fury
that it was like row after row of breakers, and Colum-
bus feared that the ships would be carried upon hidden
rocks if they attempted this channel.
The admiral was suffering from gout, and his eyes
were inflamed, but he dared not sleep when he was on
unknown coasts. In the middle
of the night, while he was on
deck, he heard a dread-
. 67 fulroaring sound, which
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seized with terror
lest his vessels should founder when the
wave struck them. But the ships rose to the giant
swell and it passed on, roaring for a long time in the
strait between Trinidad and the Toainland of South
COLUMBUS SAILS ON HIS THIRD VOYAGE. 189
America. This strait seemed so terrible to Columbus
that he named it the Mouth of the Serpent. The im-
mense wave which he had seen was produced by the
waters of the great river Orinoco flowing into the sea
and through the strait into the Gulf of Paria.
_ The next day the admiral caused the Mouth of the
Serpent to be sounded, and found that the waters were
sufficiently deep, though there were contrary currents.
He sailed through the strait safely, and came to still
water on the other side. Columbus was now in the
great Gulf of Paria, but he still thought he was in the
open sea and that he had passed between two islands.
The men were surprised when they drew up some of the
water to find it quite fresh. This freshness was caused
by the inflowing waters of the Orinoco, which, besides
running out at its principal mouth, also sends streams
through a delta into the Gulf of Paria.
Oe >.
A TRINIDAD PALM,
190 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
COLUMBUS DISCOVERS PEARLS.
1498.
Cotumsus now sailed northward until he came to
two high headlands. The one on the east was part of
the island of Trinidad, while that on the west was the
end of a long peninsula which belonged to the main-
land of South America, though Columbus did not yet
know this. Between these headlands was another nar-
row strait where the water roared in a fearful manner.
The admiral thought this still more terrible than the
Mouth of the Serpent, so he called it the Mouth of the
Dragon. He turned and sailed along the coast of
Paria westward, thinking that Paria was an island and
that he could find some other way into the sea than
through the dreadful Dragon’s Mouth. As he sailed he
found that the water grew more and more fresh. He
presently saw a spot where he thought that the land
looked as though it were cultivated. Columbus wanted
very much to talk with some of the natives, so he sent.
the boats ashore. There were signs of men here—fires,
footprints, the leavings of cooked fish, and a house
without a roof—but no people were seen. The shore
was hilly and there were fruit trees and a great many
monkeys.
Columbus proceeded, hoping to find level land, where
COLUMBUS DISCOVERS PEARLS. 191
there would be more likely to be many people. He
anchored at length in the mouth of ariver. A canoe
with several Indians in it paddled up to the nearest
ship. The captain of this ship pretended that he
wanted to go ashore with the Indians and jumped into
the canoe, upsetting it. He and his men then caught
the Indians in the water and took them to Columbus,
who gave them beads, bells, and sugar—treasures which
made them forget the way in which they had been en-
trapped. They were then sent ashore, and it was not
long before the ships were surrounded with canoes, in
which were Indians quite willing to accept gifts of
bells, beads, and sugar also. They told Columbus that
their country was called Paria, and that farther west
there were more people. So Columbus took four of
these Indians with him and sailed on. He came toa
beautiful coast, very thickly peopled. The Indians
came out to the ships in great numbers. They wore
cotton scarfs so beautifully colored that they looked
like silk. These they wound about their heads and
loins. These people had also plates and collars hung
around their necks made of a mixed metal which con-
tained some gold, and which they called guanin. Some
of them had strings of pearls about their arms, a de-
lightful sight to Columbus. They told him that they
got these pearls on the northern shore of Paria and
showed him the shells of pearl oysters.
Columbus wanted to get some of the pearls to show
to Ferdinand and Isabella, so he sent the boats ashore.
The Spanish sailors who went ashore in the boats were
received very kindly by the natives. Two chiefs, whom
the Spaniards took to be father and son, followed close-
1992 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ly by a throng of Indians, advanced to meet the strang-
ers. They took the white men to a very large house,
built with sides and not round and tent-like as the isl-
and houses were. This was probably a council house.
The men stayed in one end of the building and the
women in the other. The Indians brought bread,
fruits, and a sort of wine for the strangers to feast on.
There was nothing to do but to make signs of friend-
ship, for the white men and Indians could not under-
stand one another. The Spaniards were next taken to
the house of the younger chief, where they were made
to eat again. These Indians were tall and lithe, with
long, smooth hair. Their heads were bound with em-
broidered handkerchiefs, and men and women tied long
cotton scarfs about their middle. They all wore some
kind of ornaments on their breasts and arms. Some
wore pieces of the inferior gold hanging low on their
bosoms; others had strings of pearls on their arms.
The Spaniards bought some of the pearls in exchange
for hawksbells, which to an Indian had this advantage
over pearls, that they would tinkle, as well as look
bright. These Indians ‘had handsome, light canoes,
with cabins in the middle of them. Columbus called
this place “ The Gardens†because it seemed so pleas-
ant to him.
The great discoverer was almost blind now from the
malady that afflicted his eyes, so that he could scarcely
see the lands which he found. The provisions were
spoiling, and it became necessary to make all haste for
Hispaniola. He thought that Paria was an island and
that he would soon reach the end of it by sailing to the
west, and thus be able to pass out toward the north.
COLUMBUS DISCOVERS PEARLS. 193
He could see parts of the main-land, in the bottom of
the gulf, and he thought that these were also islands.
He sent one of his light caravels ahead of him to try
. to find the passage. The vessel presently returned with
the report that there was only a large gulf with four
smaller gulfs opening into it. Columbus was disap-
pointed that he could find no opening outward to the
north, south, east, or west except the two roaring
mouths. Finding that the water was so fresh in this
great gulf, he concluded that there must be some large
river running into the ocean here, and the reason that
these two channels were so boisterous was that the
great body of fresh water and the sea were having a
struggle, the river water trying to run out while the
ocean tried to runin. This was a right conclusion, and
yet Columbus was at first not nearly so sure that he
had found the main-land as he had been when he coast-
ed Cuba.
There was nothing to do but to try the dreadful
Dragon’s Mouth, which Columbus did. While he was
sailing through the rough channel he tasted the water
and found that on one side of the channel it was sweet,
while on the other it was salt, showing that the ocean
and the river water were running in and out. Colum-
bus named the Gulf of Paria the Gulf of Pearls, be-
cause he had found the Indians wearing pearls here, and
he thought that the pearls had been found in this gulf.
In those days people had a belief that the pearl oyster
made pearls out of drops of dew which fell from trees
into the water. As there were oysters here clinging to
the roots of the trees which grew over the water and
heavy tropical dews, there must be pearls; nothing
194 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
seemed more simple. In fact, however, the Indians
got all their pearls, as they said, on the northern side of
Paria—not in the gulf, but in the ocean.
After Columbus left the gulf he sailed to the west
along the northern coast of Paria, to make sure wheth-
er it was an island or not. He presently discovered
the islands of Margarita and Cubagua, which after-
ward became the seats of great pearl fisheries. When
the ships were sailing near the small bare islands of
Cubagua the admiral came upon a number of Indians
who were pearl fishing. They fled when they saw the
white men. A boat was sent after them, and the men
noticed that one of the Indian women had a great
many strings of pearls around her neck. The Span-
iards broke up a plate of Valencia ware, which was a
kind of bright-colored porcelain, and exchanged these
pieces of crockery for some of the woman’s pearls.
Columbus afterward sent some men ashore with smashed
crockery and hawksbells, which they traded for pearls.
The admiral sailed straight from the pearl fishery
to Hispaniola. He wished to strike this island near
the new city of Santo Domingo, which had been found-
ed in his absence. But the current which starts from
the Mouth of the Dragon, and is now called the Gulf
Stream, carried him to a point on the island about fifty
leagues west of Santo Domingo. Columbus sent
ashore to get an Indian messenger to carry a letter to
his brother Bartholomew, to let him know that he was
coming. Six Indians came out to the ships, and one of
them carried a Spanish cross-bow. Columbus did not
like the looks of this. He sent his message, however,
and then sailed on for the settlement. His brother
COLUMBUS DISCOVERS PEARLS. 195
Bartholomew sailed out and met him before he got
there.
Corumbus had some very fanciful theories about the
discoveries he had made when he found the land of
Paria. He suggested that the earth was pear-shaped
and imagined that somewhere in the interior of this
land lay the Garden of Eden upon a great eminence
which formed the top of the pear, from which flowed
the quantities of sweet water he had found in the Gulf
of Paria. Writers on Columbus have held him almost
insane for this notion. They do not seem to have
known that this theory was founded on the authority of
Sir John Mandeville, the English traveler, who followed
Marco Polo into the unknown parts of Asia. Sir John
Mandeville in his book of travels describes the earthly
paradise as placed on a part of the world so high that
it almost touched the circle of the moon, inclosed with
a wall covered with moss, in the center of which was a
fountain that cast out four great rivers, up which no
man could sail because the waters of the streams ran in
such great waves and roared so that it was impossible
to row or sail against them. The mind of Columbus
was full of legends of the East, and it was not strange
that the tumultuous passes and the great flow of fresh
water into the Gulf of Paria suggested to his mind the
roaring floods of Sir John Mandeville’s paradise.
196 ' THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY WHILE COLUMBUS WAS
AWAY.
1496-1497.
Wauen Christopher Columbus had sailed
away to Spain in 1496 from Hispani-
ola, Bartholomew Columbus crossed the
island to build a fort at
the place where
the Indian wife
of Miguel Diaz
# Es 2,2; had shown her
2) eaasigt Wie) ~~ husband. gold.
+O. | He called this
fort St. Cris-
toval, but the
workmen who
built it dubbed
it the Golden
Tower, because
they found
grains of gold
“Ss oh
TOWER AND FORTRESS OF SANTO DOMINGO. when they were
digging for it.
Don Bartholomew, as he was called, had trouble to fur-
nish his men with food. The Indians were not provident
people, and they could not be depended upon to will-
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 197
ingly provide much more food than they wanted them-
selves. For this reason Bartholomew Columbus had
soon to leave his fort with only ten men to guard it
and a dog to hunt utias or little rabbits for them, so
that they need not starve. He marched away with his
other men to the Vega Real, where he collected the
tribute, which was much of it paid in food. No doubt
the Indians thought it very hard that these greedy
armed men should sit down among them and make
them pay tribute, a thing before unknown to them in
their simple way of living.
There came ships from Spain in July, 1496, with
provisions and a letter to Don Bartholomew from his
brother Christopher, telling him to send to Spain as
slaves all Indians who had had anything to do with the
killing of white men, and to found a town at the mouth
of the Ozema River, which was near the gold mines
that Miguel Diaz had discovered. Accordingly, three
hundred Indians were shipped off to Spain to be sold
for slaves, and Bartholomew journeyed across the island
again to build a town near the new fort of St. Cristoval,
so that ships could land there. This new town, Santo
Domingo, afterward became the capital of Hispaniola,
and finally gave its name to the island. It was in a
beautiful spot, and it was near here that Miguel Diaz
lived with his Indian wife, who received the white men
as kindly as she had promised to do.
After Don Bartholomew had built a fort, which
was to be the beginning of the new city, he went to
make a visit to a chief called Behechio, who had not yet
made the acquaintance of white men. The country of
this chief was called Xaragua, and was the whole west
198 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
end of the island. He had a sister named Anacaona,
which is said to mean flower of gold. She had been
the wife of Caonabo, but had returned to her country
when this chief had been made a prisoner. She is said
to have been a handsome Indian. Don Bartholomew
marched through the native towns in the most showy
THE GUANA,
style to the music of drum and trumpet, with the cav-
alry in advance and banners flying.
Behechio met the little Spanish army with a large
force of armed warriors. The Indians, however, laid
down their bows and arrows, and merely asked what
the Spaniards had come after. Don Bartholomew an-
swered that he had only come for a visit. So the chief,
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 199
who had been suspicious at first, dismissed his warriors,
and sent messengers ahead to his town to order a feast
for his guests. When the white men neared the town
of Behechio, thirty Indian women came dancing out to
meet them, waving palm branches. The married wom-
en wore aprons of embroidered cotton, but the young
women were entirely naked, with only a cotton fillet
around their heads. After these women came Anaca-
ona, who was carried on a sort of litter by six Indians.
She wore only an apron, but she had wreaths of red
and white flowers about her head, neck, and arms.
The Spanish officers were feasted at the cabin of
Behechio. The meal consisted of utias, river and sea
fish, roots, fruits, and the guana. As this last was a
large lizard, the Spaniards could never be persuaded to
eat it, calling it a serpent. Anacaona now pressed Don
Bartholomew to taste the loathsome dish. He did so
out of politeness, and the old story says he found the
flesh so delicate to his tongue that he fell to without
fear, seeing which his men were not behind him in
greediness. The Spaniards were lodged at night in the
cabins of the Indians and slept in their cotton ham-
mocks. The natives entertained their visitors for two
days with games. One of these represented a battle.
The Indians were so earnest in their entertainment that
four men are said to have been killed in the sport, at
which the Spaniards begged the natives to leave off.
Don Bartholomew presently came to business and
told Behechio that he had come to his country to ar-
range for a tribute to be paid to the Spanish sovereigns.
Of course, there was nothing for the Indian chief to do
but to make the best of it, since these white men with
200 ‘THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
their terrible arms and horses were quartered in his
midst. He was not pleased, however, for he knew that
the Indians had suffered very much in other parts of
the island by being forced to gather gold for the Span-
iards. He told Bartholomew that he was aware that
- gold was what the white men most wanted, but that
there was no gold in his country, and his people scarcely
knew what it was. Don Bartholomew answered that
he would take cotton and cassava bread instead of gold,
at which the chief looked much relieved.
Meantime at Isabella there was the old story of
illness and idleness, of men who would not raise their
own food and depend-
ed for support on the
supplies from Spain
or upon the Indians.
These Indians, who
lived near Isabella, get-
ting tired of feeding
the white men and
playing the slave gen-
‘erally, had fled to the
mountains. Of course
there were all sorts of
grumbling and discon-
tent at Isabella. To
give the men some-
thing to do, Don Bar-
tholomew began the
building of two caravels at that place. He sent
the sick men inland, where they would get better
air and food. He also had a chain of forts or
FORTRESS AND SHORE OF SANTO DOMINGO.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 901
strong houses built between Isabella and Santo Do-
mingo.
Two faithful priests had been living for some time
among the Indians on the Vega Real, trying to make
ca .
—— il
barr
/ a ee.e ses
Beta A BOBUEEL ESE
b < te hy 44 of
da - RS eee REA BA
CHURCH OF SAN ANTONIO, NEAR SANTO DOMINGO.
Christians of them. The total number of converts was
sixteen, all of one family. The priests spent a great
deal of time trying also to convert the chief of the
‘Vega, Guarionex, and they taught him and his whole
family the Pater Noster, the Ave Maria, and the Creed,
all of which this Indian family repeated daily, probably
regarding them as some superior kind of incantations.
The chief, however, suddenly relapsed from Christian-
ity when some Spaniards carried off his favorite wife.
The priests were discouraged, and got ready to move to
some other Indian country, but before they went away
15
202 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
they fixed up a small chapel with an altar, crucifix, and
images in it for their convert and his family of fifteen
persons.
No sooner were the priests gone than some Indians
went into the chapel, broke the images, and buried them
in a field near by. Complaint was made to Don Bar-
tholomew, and he, very unwisely, took the affair in
hand. It was the days of the Spanish Inquisition, and
pious people were great bigots. The crime of the
image breakers was thought to be of the very worst sort,
and so they were burned to death as a punishment. It
ought to be said that Don Bartholomew also punished
the man who had seduced the chief’s wite. ;
The Indians were very angry, and they planned to
rise suddenly and massacre the white men. The hand-
ful of men in one of the posts called Fort Concepcion
heard of this plot. Don Bartholemew was at Santo
Domingo, and they wished to send him word so that he
might save them from being exterminated by the sav-
ages. They did not dare send a letter openly by an In-
dian messenger, for as he had no clothing in which to
hide it, the letter would be telen away from him, the
Indians having learned by this time that among white
men. paper could talk. The men at Fort Concepcion
rolled a letter up and put it into a hollow reed or cane,
telling the messenger to use the reed for a staff. The
Indian proved a cunning fellow. When he was stopped
by hostile Indians he pretended to be dumb and lame.
He made signs to show that he was going home, and
limped along painfully, leaning on his staff. When he
got well out of sight, however, he left off limping and
took to his legs in a very lively way.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE COLONY. 903
As soon as he received the letter Don Bartholomew
hurried to the rescue with a body of men. It was none
too soon. The warriors had got together from a great
distance, and were ready to strike the blow. Bartholo-
mew Columbus seems to have been a very good Indian
fighter. He divided his men into different parties, and
fell on the native villages secretly at night, when the
warriors were all asleep. The plan was to carry the
chiefs off prisoners, and thus leave the Indians without
leaders, Don Bartholomew undertaking to capture
Guarionex himself. The Spaniards accomplished the
feat, and took fourteen chiefs captive without blood-
shed. The natives surrounded Fort Concepcion, where
their leaders were imprisoned, and howled dismally.
Bartholomew caused the two chiefs whom he thought
most to blame to be put to death. He forgave Guarionex
and the others, and released them. In truth, the white
men did not think best to be too severe with the In-
dians. They began to be afraid they would flee to the
mountains, when there. would be no tribute of gold,
yams, potatoes, Indian corn, or cassava bread.
Don Bartholomew now got word from Behechio
that his tribute was ready, so he marched off to the
country of Xaragua. The Spaniards were received in
the same friendly way that they had been before. There
was a cabin full of cotton waiting for the white men,
and Behechio offered them all the cassava bread they
wanted. Bartholomew Columbus was very glad to ac-
cept this offer, as the Spaniards were in their usual state
of want. He sent to Isabella for one of the new cara-
vels that had been building to come around and carry
away the bread and cotton. Meantime he waited in
904 . ‘THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Xaragua, where he was very well treated and feasted
on Indian dainties.
The vessel came, after a time. Anacaona wanted to
go and see the “big canoe†of the white men. So she
and her brother took a journey to the coast with Don
Bartholomew. On the way they spent the night at a
house where Anacaona kept all her treasures. They
were things woven out of cotton, articles made of ebony
and other kinds of woods, and utensils of clay, or of
wood carefully carved. This Indian princess made
presents out of her store to the white men. When the
party reached the coast there were two painted canoes
ready to carry Behechio.and Anacaona to the ship.
But Anacaona preferred to go in the ship’s boat
with Don Bartholomew. As they were being rowed
out to the ship a salute was fired from a cannon on
board. Anacaona fell over into the arms of Don Bar-
tholomew, and the other Indians were on the point of
jumping overboard. But the Spaniards laughed, and
persuaded them out of their fright. Music now struck
up on board the ship, and the fright of the Indians
turned to delight. They wondered very much at every-
thing they saw on shipboard. They were taken for a
little sail, and watched the ship move by means of her
sails with astonishment.
A REBELLION AND A WAR. 205
CHAPTER XXXV.
A REBELLION AND A WAR.
1497-1498.
Tr was much easier for Bartholomew Columbus to
manage the savages than to control the Spaniards.
They were mostly worthless men who hated him for a
foreign upstart, and it seems certain that Don Bartholo-
mew governed with a good deal of severity.
There was a man in the colony named Roldan, who
had been made by Columbus alcalde mayor, or chief
judge of Hispaniola—though he had come out as a
servant. He became the leader of the many malcon-
tents in the island. In the first place, he and his fol-
~ lowers made a plot to kill Bartholomew at the execution
of the Spaniard who had stolen the wife of Guarionex,
this criminal having been a friend of Roldan’s. As
Bartholomew finally pardoned the fellow, the plot fell
through.
When the caravel which brought the bread and cot-
ton from Xaragua had been’ unloaded Don: Bartholo-
mew had her drawn up on shore, perhaps because he
feared the malcontents would run away with her. The
rebels demanded that the ship should be launched,
and Bartholomew Columbus refused to launch her. So’
‘Roldan and seventy men presently marched out of Isa-
bella and wandered about the country, making trouble
206 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
with the Indians. Don Bartholomew dared not come
to an open fight with them because of the discontent
among his own men, who might at any moment desert
him. Meanwhile the Indians at a distance took advan-
tage of the troubles to leave off paying tribute, and
WELL AT SANTO DOMINGO, WHERE SHIPS GET WATER, SAID TO HAVE BEEN
BUILT BY BARTHOLOMEW COLUMBUS.
Bartholomew Columbus thought best to excuse those
who were near at hand, as he was afraid that they would
join Roldan if he did not.
Ships arrived from Spain in February, 1498, with
fresh soldiers and provisions. At this time Don Bar-
tholomew was shut up in Fort Concepcion, with very
little chance for getting food, and Roldan was about to
A REBELLION AND A WAR. 207
besiege him. The tables were turned when the ships
arrived. Don Bartholomew took most of his troops
over to Santo Domingo, Roldan and the rebels follow-
ing. Bartholomew promised forgiveness to the rebels
if they would return. to duty, but perhaps Roldan did
not believe that he would be forgiven. At any rate,
he marched off with his men to Xaragua, which was
thought to be a kind of paradise, since Bartholomew
Columbus had been so well treated there.
The rebellion of Roldan had encouraged the Indians
to make fresh trouble. Guarionex laid a plot with a
number of other chiefs to surprise Fort Concepcion
while Don Bartholomew was away. There were Span-
ish soldiers quartered around in the Indian villages, and
it was agreed that while Guarionex took the fort the
other chiefs were to fall upon these scattered parties
and massacre them. As the Indians had no calendars,
and were not good at counting, the night of the full
moon was appointed for the attack. One chief, how-
ever, made a mistake about the moon, and took up arms
one night too soon. The soldiers whom he attacked
beat him, and, of course, the plan was spoiled. Guari-
onex put this chief to death for a blunder in astronomy.
Don Bartholomew was soon marching down upon
the Vega. Guarionex did not wait for him, but fled
with his family to the mountains of Ciquay. The In-
dians who lived in these mountains were a hardy tribe,
and they had a chief named Mayobanex, who received
the fugitive Guarionex. The mountain Indians now
began to descend into the Vega, and massacre Spaniards
or Indians friendly to the Spaniards. It would not do
to let this sort of thing go on, so Don Bartholomew
208 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
marched into the mountains, over a steep defile, and
into a valley. There were, of course, Indian scouts on
the watch to see where the white men were going. As
the Spaniards were about to ford a river, they came
upon two scouts in the bushes on its banks. One of
them threw himself into the water and swam away.
The other was caught, however, and forced to tell that
there were thousands of Indians lying in ambush on the
other shore. It was well for the white men that they
were warned of this. The troops crossed where the
water was shallow. When they were half way over
the Indians sent showers of arrows and lances into their
midst. In spite of their bucklers many Spaniards were
wounded, but they pushed on and the enemy fled. On
their way into the country they had to go more than
once through Indian ambuscades.
Don Bartholomew sent one of the Indians of the
country whom he had captured to Mayobanex, promis-
ing to make the chief no more trouble if he would give
up Guarionex.
“Tell the Spaniards,†said Mayobanex, “ that they
are bad men, cruel and tyrannical, usurpers of the lands
of others and shedders of innocent blood. I do not
want the friendship of such men. Guarionex is a
good man, he is my friend, he has fled to me for ref-
uge, I have promised to protect him and I will keep
my word.†.
As it was impossible to find the Indians in order
to fight them, Don Bartholomew began to burn their
villages. The natives now begged their chief to give
up Guarionex, but Mayobanex would not hear of this.
He ordered men to lie in ambush and kill any messen-
Don Bartholomew finds his messengers dead.
A REBELLION AND A WAR. 209
gers that were sent to him with offers of peace from
the white men. They presently killed two, one of
whom was a member of their own tribe. When he
saw his messengers shot through and through with
arrows, Don Bartholomew was very angry. He marched
to the home of the chief, only to find that he and
Guarionex had both fled to the mountains.
‘The Spaniards had a pretty hard time of it, scram-
bling around among the mountains, living mostly on the
little rabbits which their dogs hunted, and sleeping on
the ground with the heavy tropical dew falling on
them. Don Bartholomew finally dismissed most of his
men who wished to attend to their farms in the Vega, and
ranged the mountains with only thirty followers. He
at length captured some Indians whom he forced to
tell him where their chief was. Twelve Spaniards
agreed to go and capture him. They took off their
clothes and stained themselves to look like Indians.
Wrapping their swords in palm leaves, they climbed to
the hiding-place of Mayobanex. They surprised him
and his family and took them captives to Fort Concep-
_cion. The Indians of Ciquay presently came with
presents begging for the release of their chief. Don
Bartholomew freed his family, but kept him a prisoner
to make sure of the good behavior of his people. As
for Guarionex, he was finally caught when he descend-
ed into the Vega to look for food. Don Bartholomew
was content to keep him a prisoner.
Meantime the rebels in Xaragua were having a fine
time. One day they saw three ships off the coast.
They were at first somewhat frightened, thinking that
some one had come to capture them. But Roldan be-
910 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
gan to think that they might be ships which had been
carried out of their course, and that the people in them
were fresh from Spain and would not know anything
about the rebellion, all of which was true enough, for
they were the three ships that Columbus had sent from
the Canaries. Roldan warned his men to keep quiet
and went on board, telling the captains that he was sta-
tioned here to keep the natives down. He had no
trouble in getting a good supply of arms from them,
while his men took the chance to gain over the men on
board the ships, who were mostly convicts, and easily
persuaded to be lawless) When the captains of the
ships found out, after three days, that they were deal-
ing with rebels, they tried to persuade Roldan out of
his wrong course. As the winds were contrary, they
resolved to send many of the men by land to Santo
Domingo. The men were no sooner landed, however,
than they nearly all deserted their captain and went
over to the rebels.
The ships made their way around to the settlement,
leaving one of the sea-captains, named Caravajal, to
treat with the rebels and try to persuade them to go
back to duty. Caravajal did not succeed in doing any-
thing with them, though he got Roldan to promise
that he would go to Santo Domingo when Columbus
arrived. Several rebels escorted Caravajal overland, and
he got to Santo Domingo almost as soon as the ships did.
COLUMBUS AND THE REBELS. O11
CHAPTER XXXVI.
COLUMBUS AND THE REBELS.
1498-1499.
Cotumsus was never to have any peace in his col-
ony. Worn out by his troubles in Spain, where he had
had to labor hard to save his good name, and wearied
CHAPEL CALLED COLUMBUS'S CHAPEL, NEAR SANTO DOMINGO.
by his long voyage and night watching on shipboard,
he reached Hispaniola in August, 1498, to find the col-
ony split into two parties, and to find, of course, that
very little gold had been gathered amid all the troubles,
while Spain clamored for the long-promised riches.
The admiral on his arrival by way of Paria was
212 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
not well pleased to hear that the rebels were likely
soon to arrive in the neighborhood. As there were
still many discontented men in the settlement, and as
one of their chief complaints was that the Columbus
brothers wished to keep men in the island for their
own good, Columbus offered to all who wished to re-
turn free passage in the ships which were about to sail
for Spain. In this way he thought that he would get
rid of some of the most worthless and troublesome men.
Roldan and his followers presently arrived near
Fort Concepcion, where one of the rebels owned a farm.
They quartered themselves on this farm. Miguel Bal-
lester, who was commander of the fort, went out to
meet the rebels and offer them pardon, according to
the orders of Columbus. Ballester was an old man,
good, frank, and faithful. Roldan used very high lan-
guage to him, and said that he had not come to treat
for peace, but to demand the release of some Indian
prisoners who had been encouraged by him to engage
in the last war, and who were now to be sent to Spain
as slaves.
Columbus was in a dilemma. He dared not under-
take to fight the rebels, for he was uncertain of his own
men. When he mustered the latter, only about seventy
appeared, and of these many were not to be depended
on. One was lame, another ill, some had friends
among the rebels, and almost all had excuses. Colum-
bus had kept the ships waiting in the harbor some
time, hoping to send good news to Spain of the rebell-
ion being over. The provisions were being used up,
and the Indian prisoners, shut up in the holds of the
vessels, were perishing from the heat. Columbus had
COLUMBUS AND THE REBELS. 913
to send an account of the rebellion and let the ships go.
Roldan also sent his complaints to Spain. ~
The chief complaint of the rebels was against the
severe government of Don Bartholomew. So Colum-
bus wrote to them, begging them to submit to him, and
promising full pardon. He sent this letter by Carava-
jal, for the rebels would have no other messenger.
There was a great deal of clamor among them when the
letter arrived. Some of the leaders got on their horses
to go to Columbus, but the others would not let them
go. At last they sent word to Columbus, asking for a
written passport. This was given, and Roldan came to
Santo Domingo, where he asked more than Columbus
thought he could grant. In truth, the rebels wished to
make very sure that they would not be punished, and
also demanded large rewards for coming back to their
duty. Roldan went away and was presently besieging
Fort Concepcion, having cut off the water supply, pre-
tending that he wanted an Indian who was in the fort.
Columbus sent a proclamation, promising full forgive-
ness to any one who would return to duty in thirty days.
When Caravajal posted the proclamation on the gate of
the fort the rebels hooted at it. They thought better
of besieging the fort, however, and agreed to come to
terms if Columbus would give them each an Indian
slave and send them back to Spain in the colony’s two
ships. Columbus had intended to send Bartholomew
with these ships to the pearl coast to get more pearls,
but he gave this up and promised to send the rebels
to Spain. The latter marched off to Xaragua to wait
- for the ships.
After a good deal of time was taken up in getting
914 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the vessels ready to sail, the rebels finally changed their
minds and refused to go. Caravajal turned away from
them disgusted, and started to return to Santo Domingo.
Roldan rode with him a little way, and told him that if
Columbus would send him a written passport he would
come and treat with him. The passport was sent, and
Roldan came to Santo Domingo. Oolumbus finally
agreed to his demands, giving him property enough to
make him a rich man, and putting him back in his of-
fice. Columbus had to bear a great deal from the
recent rebels. To many of them he gave grants of
lands and slaves from among the Indians captured in
the wars, for in so short a time the Indians had come
to this—their lands were not only divided among their
conquerors, but they were themselves enslaved.
Columbus would have liked now to return to Spain,
for he was, as he said, “absent, envied, and a stranger.â€
But there were fresh troubles threatening, and he dared
not leave. The next thing was the arrival of Alonzo
de Ojeda, whose daring had once been so useful in the
island. He had gone back to Spain, and, as he was a
relative of Bishop Fonseca, who had control of Indian
affairs, he had been allowed to sail to the coast of South
America on a voyage of his own, having first seen a
map made on the third voyage of Columbus, which the
admiral had sent home to the king and queen. Ojeda
had heard of the finding of pearls at Paria by Colum-
bus, and had gone in search of them. He was now on
his return, and, as he knew that Columbus would not
like it that such an expedition should be sent out with-
out his knowledge, Ojeda did not go to Santo Domingo,
but stopped at the western part of Hispaniola to lay in
COLUMBUS AND THE REBELS. 915
dye-woods and a cargo of slaves without asking per-
mission. On these ships were two of the old pilots of
Columbus and the famous Amerigo Vespucci, who af-
terward wrote an account of his voyages, which hap-
pened to get him the undeserved honor of having the
New World named after him.
Columbus hit upon the very good plan of sending
Roldan to deal with Ojeda. It was a case of setting a
rogue to catch a rogue, and worked very well, for Roldan
was afraid that when his proceedings were known in
Spain he might get into trouble if he did not do some-
thing to make his rebellion forgotten. He took two.
caravels and sailed along the coast to a place near that
at which Ojeda had landed. He sent scouts ahead, and,
finding that Ojeda was in an Indian village with a few
of his men, who were making cassava bread, Roldan
threw himself between Ojeda and his ships. Ojeda
heard of this from the Indians, and, walking boldly up
to Roldan, began to talk with him. Roldan asked him
why he had landed on a lonely part of the island without
reporting himself to the admiral. Ojeda answered that
he had been on a voyage of discovery; that he was in
distress, and had put in for provisions. Roldan asked
to see the license that he sailed under. Ojeda said that
his papers were on board the ships, and that he would -
sail around to Santo Domingo and report to the ad-
miral. Roldan went on board the ships, saw the papers,
and then went back to Columbus, who waited for Ojeda
to come and see him.
Instead of this, Ojeda sailed around to Xaragua.
Here he found some of Roldan’s old followers, who
made complaints to him of the Columbus brothers and
16
216 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
of Roldan, who, they said, had deserted them. So
Ojeda set up as their champion. He made bold to do
this, because he knew that Columbus was not in very
good favor at court, and that the queen, who was al-
ways the friend of Columbus, was ill. Ojeda prepared
to march at the head.of the rebels to Santo Domingo.
Some were for going, some for staying, and there was
a brawl in which several men were killed. The party
for going gained the day, and the performances of
Roldan were likely to be enacted. over again, when
Roldan himself appeared on the scene. Ojeda made
haste to retire to the ships. Roldan then sent a letter
to Ojeda, begging him in very good style not to go
against law and order. He tried to get Ojeda to come
ashore, but Ojeda would not. The two rogues dis-
trusted one another. A one-armed sailor had deserted
from the ships, and Ojeda seized two of Roldan’s men
in place of him.
Ojeda made sail to the north, landed in a beautiful
country, and seized the food of the natives. Roldan
and Escobar, who was also an old rebel, followed along
shore. ' Roldan had thought of a very pretty little
scheme. He sent Escobar in a canoe to within hailing
distance of the ships to say that since Ojeda would not
trust himself ashore, Roldan would come on board if a
boat were sent for him. The boat was sent and lay a
little off shore, the men saying that Roldan might come
out to them, for they were afraid to land.
“How many may accompany me?†asked Roldan.
“ Only five or six,†answered the men in the boat.
So Escobar and four other men waded out and got
into the boat. Roldan had to come yet, and, as he was
COLUMBUS AND THE REBELS. OT
a man of position, he must have a man to carry him
out to the boat, and another to walk beside and help.
By this trick he got to the boat eight strong. He got
in and ordered the boat’s crew to row ashore. They re-
fused. Roldan and his men then drew their swords
and attacked them, wounding several, and taking them
all prisoners except an Indian, who swam away.
This was quite a blow to Ojeda, as he could not
spare his boat, so he soon came to terms, returned the
men he had captured, and agreed to leave the island if
his men and boat were returned. He did not fail, how-
ever, to land at another of the West Indies and make
up what he called his drove of Indian slaves.
It was not long before there was new trouble in the
island. This time Columbus and Roldan were pitted
against a man named Moxica, who had been one of the
old rebels, and had been given lands as a reward for
good behavior. Moxica and others planned to murder
both Roldan and Columbus, and would perhaps have
succeeded had not one of the rebels deserted and re-
vealed the plot. Columbus meant to nip this rebellion
in the bud. With nine or ten men he went secretly in
the night and captured the ringleaders. He resolved to
hang Moxica on the top of Fort Concepcion. Moxica
was allowed first to confess, but the fellow was a cow-
ard, and when the priest came he. tried to prolong his.
life by delaying his confession and accusing others. In
a passion Columbus caused him to be thrown over the
battlements. He afterward executed others of the lead-
ers of this rebellion.
218 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
THE KING AND QUEEN DISPLEASED.
1500.
In Spain there had been nothing but bad news from
Hispaniola. Seven years had passed since Columbus
had sailed to the New World, his over-hopeful imagi-
nation leading him to promise riches so vast that he
had thought by this time to have furnished from his
own purse an army to rescue the sepulchre of Christ
from the Mohammedans. But gold had only been eked
out in small quantities, and the colony had been a great
expense to the sovereigns. Most of the people who had
returned from Hispaniola were those whose worthless-
ness and unruliness in the colony had made it neces-
- sary to get rid of them. Of course, these had sad tales
to tell about the new land and many complaints to make
of the government of the Columbus brothers, though
they easily forgot to mention their own sins.
There were people at court who envied Columbus
and who talked about his not being a Spaniard, which
was a great crime in their eyes. The Spanish grandees
were the proudest gentlemen in the world, and the fact
that Columbus and his brothers were of humble birth
made them hateful in their eyes. It was even suggested
that this foreigner would some day make himself an in- .
dependent king of Hispaniola.
THE KING AND QUEEN DISPLEASED. 919
Beside the complaint sent by Roldan, there were
the letters of Columbus himself, in which he had writ-
ten about the rebellion of Roldan, and asked for some
one to be sent out to settle the dispute between him and
the rebels. It was natural that the king and queen
should think that Columbus was not a very good gov-
ernor. There is no doubt but that he was an unpopu.
lar one. Ferdinand and Isabella decided to send some
one out to inquire into the troubles of the colony, and
remove Columbus from the government should it be
necessary. ‘ But they waited a year before they did
this. Meantime the queen, who had always been the
particular friend of Columbus, was displeased with him
because he kept sending Indian slaves to Spain. Many
of the followers of Roldan had exacted when they sub-
mitted that they should be returned to Spain and al-
lowed to take some slaves with them. Some of these
men had brought back native “ princesses†or chiefs’
daughters, whom they had coaxed away from their
homes. Many of these Indian women had babies with
them, who were the children of their masters. The
queen was very angry at this scandal.
“What right,†said she, “has my viceroy to give
away my subjects to such ends ?â€
When the king and queen rode out they were be-
sieged by miserable wretches returned from the New
World, who cried: ,
“Pay! Pay!†demanding pay for their services.
Once about fifty of these beggars seated themselves
near the palace of the Alhambra, in Granada, and
bought a load of grapes which they divided up and be-
gan to eat. When the king and queen passed they
990 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
held up bunches of grapes, and cried that they were re-
duced to live on such food because Columbus had not
paid them their due. Grapes, of course, were plentiful
in southern Spain ; in other lands this might not have
seemed very cheap living.
When Diego and Ferdinand Columbus, who were
pages to the queen, passed near these fellows, they —
would say to one another, quite loud enough to be heard :
“There are the sons of the admiral of Mosquitoland,
who has discovered the land of deceit and disappoint-
ment, to make Spanish gentlemen die of misery there.â€
Even a king and queen could not stand so much
importunity. So aman named Francisco de Bobadilla
was sent out to Hispaniola to investigate matters. If
affairs were found in a bad state, he was authorized to
take the government away from Columbus. The queen
also sent some of the Indian slaves back to their homes.
COLUMBUS IN CHAINS. 221
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
COLUMBUS IN CHAINS.
1500.
Eieut years after his great discovery of the New
World came the darkest days in the life of Columbus.
It must be admitted that he seems to have been a rather
harsh ruler, and that his men had some cause for com-
plaint on this score ; but, on the other hand, he had very
difficult and lawless men to deal with. It is hard at this
distance to tell whether a foreigner like Columbus
could have done any better with a Spanish colony.
When Bobadilla arrived in August of the year 1500,
Columbus had just caused several of the rebels, whose
leader. he had thrown from the top of a fort, to be
hanged. The first thing that Bobadilla saw when he
went ashore was two men hanging from gibbets. He
naturally concluded that Columbus was indeed cruel.
Of course all who were discontented were quick to
carry their complaints to him, and it did not take long
for Bobadilla to,decide that it was necessary for him
to take the office of governor himself, especially as he
wasa needy man. He attacked the fortress, followed
by a mob carrying scaling ladders. The rabble having
broken down the door, the garrison of two men speed-
ily surrendered. Bobadilla also took possession of the
house of Columbus, with all the gold which belonged
229 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
to the admiral as his share of the profits from the
mines and all the books and papers of the great dis-
coverer. To make himself popular he paid the salaries
Niece
C 1 tes
overdue out of this gold and allowed the colonists vari-
ous liberties, one of which was the privilege of looking
for gold and paying only one eleventh to the crown in
stead of one third, as before.
When the news reached Columbus at Fort Concep-
cion of what Bobadilla had done, he thought at first.
that it was the deed of some adventurer like Ojeda.
When Bobadilla sent him word to surrender, he re-
fused, saying that the government of the island had
been granted to him for life, and that no one could take
it away from him. But when a letter of credence was
brought to him signed “I, the King†and “TI, the
COLUMBUS IN CHAINS. 223
Queen,†commanding him to obey Bobadilla, he set out
at once for Santo Domingo almost alone. When he
came quietly into the town, Bobadilla ordered him to
be put in irons. The chains were brought, but no one
wanted to rivet them on the legs of the great discoverer.
At last one of his own servants, “a graceless and shame-
- less cook,†consented to put the irons on his master.
This fellow, “ with unwashed front,†as the old story
says, fastened the irons on Columbus, “ quite as though
he were serving him with some choice dish.â€
Diego Columbus was also put in irons and Bartholo-
mew, who was in Xaragua, punishing some of the reb-
els, was sent for. Columbus wrote to him to deliver
himself up peaceably. The three brothers were im-
prisoned, Christopher in the fortress and Diego and
Bartholomew on board vessels in the harbor, so that
they might not communicate with one another. For
INTERIOR OF THE FORTRESS IN WHICH IT IS SUPPOSED COLUMBUS WAS
IMPRISONED.
two months Columbus lay in prison in the tower of
Santo Domingo, which still stands to-day. By this
time Bobadilla had made out a great many charges
994 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
against him, the end of which he thought would justify
his own conduct. A gentleman named Alonzo de Vil-
lejo was now commanded to take the Columbus broth-
ers to Spain.
During his two months of lonely imprisonment
the great discoverer had fallen into despair. He did
not know what Bobadilla might not do next. When
Villejo came for him with a guard, he ee that
perhaps his last moment had come.
“ Villejo,†he said, sadly, “whither are you taking
me ? 999
“To the ship, your excellency, to embark.â€
“To embark!†exclaimed Columbus. “ Villejo, do
you speak the truth ?â€
“By the life of your excellency, it is true,†said
Villejo.
Columbus was greatly comforted, and seemed like
one restored from death to life.
After they were out to sea the gentlemanly Villejo
and the captain of the ship wanted to take the disgrace-
ful irons off of the great man.
“No,†answered Columbus, “their majesties com-
manded me to submit to whatever Bobadilla should or-
der in their name. I will wear these chains until they
shall order them to be taken off, and I will keep them
afterward as memorials of the reward of my services.â€
COLUMBUS LANDS IN CHAINS. 925
_CHAPTER XXXIX.
COLUMBUS LANDS IN CHAINS.
1500.
Wuen the discoverer landed at Cadiz in chains
there was a great reaction of sympathy for him and
much indignation. So long as he was fancied to be the
rich viceroy of the Indies, while his men came home
gaunt and discontented, people were wont to pity the
poor colonists and blame Columbus ; but when the
finder of a new world was seen loaded with chains,
there was general disgust that a great man should be
treated in this way.
After he landed, Columbus wrote a letter to Donna
Juana de la Torre, a lady who was a favorite of Queen
Isabella, and had been nurse to Prince Juan. Colum-
bus apparently dared not write directly to the king or
queen, but he expected that this letter would be shown
to them. It was a very sad letter. He said in it: “I
have now reached a point that there is no man so vile
but thinks it his right to insult me. The day will come
when the world will reckon it a virtue to him who has
not given his consent to their abuse.†He told how
wicked many of the colonists were. “ If their high-
nesses,†he said, “would cause a general inquiry to be
made throughout the land, I assure you that they would
be astonished that the island has not been swallowed
926 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
up.†Columbus then alludes to the report that he had —
been accused of wishing to take the Indies away from
Spain. “I do not imagine,†he says, “that any one
supposed me so stupid as not to be aware that even if
the Indies had belonged to me I could not support my-
self without the assistance of some prince. In such
case, where should I find a better support or more secur-
ity against expulsion than in the king and queen, our
sovereigns?†He also told how Bobadilla had seized
the gold, among which were some rich pieces of ore as
big as a goose’s egg and some pearls which he had been
saving to take to the king and queen ; how he had taken
it without weighing it, had used some of it to pay the
men whose wages were overdue, and had kept the rest
to “feather his own nest†with.
“T have been wounded extremely,†said Columbus,
“that a man should have been sent out to make inquiry
into my conduct who knew that if he sent home an
ageravated account of the result of his investigation he
would remain at the head of the government.†The
rest of the letter is devoted to proving that gold was
now being found in abundance in the island, for Colum-
bus, after he had made his discoveries, was ever put to
trouble to prove their value in European eyes. He said
that the road was now “open to gold and pearls, and it
may surely be hoped that precious stones, spices, and a
thousand other things will also be found.†We know
that Columbus had indeed opened the road for a great
deal of riches for Spain, though he. was to be in his
grave before they began to flow in very great quanti-
ties; and we also know that the road was open for
many other benefits to the Old World, though they
COLUMBUS LANDS IN CHAINS. 927
would not be precisely the spices and other things for
which it looked.
When the queen heard how Columbus had been sent
home in chains, she was greatly shocked. The king and
queen immediately sent orders to Cadiz that the Colum-
bus brothers should be set free and treated with distinc-
tion. They also sent Christopher Columbus a letter in
which they told him how grieved they were at the way
in which he had been treated, and asked him to come
to court.
Columbus went to court. When the queen saw
him, her kind eyes filled with tears. This was too
much for Columbus. He threw himself on his knees
at her feet, weeping and sobbing. He had a long talk
with the sovereigns, and they made him fair promises,
so that he was somewhat comforted.
928 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XL.
COLUMBUS UNDER A CLOUD.
1500-1502.
Tuovueu the king and queen received him well, and
showed sorrow for the unjust treatment he had under-
gone, they did not really take Columbus back into favor.
It was nearly a year before an order was given that. the
property which Bobadilla had seized should be returned,
and his eighth of the revenue.paid him. Meantime
Columbus was poor, and under a sort of disgrace. His
right to govern the lands he had discovered and to an
interest in the voyages made to the New World, as well
as the descent of the honors in his family, seemed likely
all to be lost. He was again a poor man, begging favors
of the Spanish court, and being put off from time to
time. This was very unjust, for the great ideas and the
noble perseverance of Columbus had given to the Span-
ish crown lands many times larger than the whole of
Spain.
While Columbus had been away struggling with his
unhappy colony, or coming home in chains, a great deal
had happened in the world of discovery. The Portu-
guese, after so many years, had carried out Prince Hen-
ry’s scheme of sailing around Africa and so reaching
India. Vasco da Gama had arrived at Calcutta at the
same time that Columbus was setting out on his third
COLUMBUS UNDER A CLOUD. 299
voyage, in which he discovered the main-land of South
America. Vasco da Gama found at Calcutta most of
the treasures for which Columbus had looked so eagerly
in the New World. The Rajah of Calcutta sent a letter
to the King of Portugal, which
read: “ Vasco da Gama, a no-
bleman of your household, has
visited my kingdom, which has
given me great pleasure. In
my kingdom there is an abun-
dance of cinnamon, cloves, gin-
. ger, pepper,and precious stones
in great quantities. What I
seek from thy country is gold,
silver, coral, and scarlet.†Da
Gama returned from his long
voyage, having lost half his “
vessels and more than half his PortRair oF vasco Da Gama,
FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF HIS
men, but he was hailed with TIME.
great joy in Portugal.
While Columbus was struggling with his rebellious
colony, the Portuguese had sent out a fine fleet of thir-
teen vessels to again make the voyage to India. They
sailed far west to avoid the coast of Africa, where there
were calms, and the fleet was blown by a storm to the
very shores of the New World. As Brazil, where they
landed, was east of the line within which the Pope had
allowed Portugal to make discoveries, the Portuguese
made haste to claim this new land. It has been said
that this accidental discovery of the New World by the
Portuguese proves that America would soon have been
found if Columbus had never had his noble idea of
230 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS,
sailing westward. Perhaps, however, the Portuguese
seamen would not have ventured any farther to the
west than they had done before if Columbus had not
first dared to sail straight out into the boundless ocean.
At least, it is far more interesting that the discovery
should have been made by a man who thought it out
first, and overcame so many obstacles to accomplish it.
Of course, the court of Spain was jealous of the
Portuguese discoveries, just as the Portuguese court
had been jealous of the discoveries of Columbus. The
finding of Brazil by Portugal, and the finding of North
America by Cabot for England, made King Ferdinand
anxious to make settlements in the New World as rap-
idly as he could, lest other powers should grasp too
much of these vast lands which were coming to light.
The Spanish court was poor, and could not afford alone
to push Spanish discoveries very far. So a license had
been granted for Spaniards to fit out ships at their own
expense. In this way the crown was sure of a share
in the profits without taking a share in the expense,
though the rights of Columbus were left out of the
account.
The result had been that there were several expedi-
tions sent out to the New World after Columbus sent
word of the discovery of pearls. In these voyages
sailed those who had been old captains under Columbus,
such as the Pinzons, and pilots who had been with him
on his different voyages. One at least of these ships
brought back a rich load of gold and pearls.
King Ferdinand probably thought that Columbus
was not a good governor. Perhaps the plans which he
cherished for the recovery of the Holy Sepulchre and
COLUMBUS UNDER A CLOUD. 231
the notions he held about the Garden of Eden and the
mines of Solomon made him seem to the king a vision-
ary. Atany rate, Ferdinand appears to have been sorry
RUINS OF ST, NICHOLAS CHURCH, SANTO DOMINGO.
that he had given Columbus privileges so vast, and he
was resolved to evade these obligations of his when it
was possible.
Bobadilla had managed as badly as possible at His-
paniola. Under the privileges which he had rashly
granted when he first landed, the colonists gave them-
17
932 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
selves up to all sorts of disorders. As he had allowed
them to gather gold and pay only one eleventh to the
crown, he was anxious that as much gold should be
gathered as possible, in order that the crown should not
lose by it. So the Indian chiefs were made to furnish
slaves to work in the mines and in the fields. The
seeds of slavery which had been planted in the days of
Columbus were growing fast. The Indians were cru-
elly treated, and as they were not a hardy race they died
off rapidly. Worthless Spaniards, who had been crimi-
nals at home, took on the airs of grand gentlemen.
When they traveled they were carried by Indians in
their hammocks, with slaves to hold palm-leaves over
their heads and fan them with feather fans. Meantime
the unhappy porters had their shoulders bleeding from
carrying the ropes of the hammocks across them. _
King Ferdinand appointed Nicholas de Ovando to
govern the colony in place of Bobadilla. This gov-
ernor was to reform abuses, require one third of the
gold found, and check the growing evil of slavery, only
forcing Indians to work for the crown, and paying them.
With Ovando, the first negro slaves were permitted to
be taken out to the New World, and so slavery was
firmly planted in these beautiful tropical lands; for In-
dian slavery, having once been allowed, could never be
rooted out until the weakly race had perished under its
severities, while the negroes, who were a much hardier
people, would speedily take the place of the natives.
Ovando was sent to Hispaniola in a fleet of thirty
ships, with everything that could be needed for the col-
ony. The new governor was allowed to dress in silks,
brocades, and precious stones, in order to appear the
1
R
Lee
a
ye ifn
he fall p
, Pag ati
bY in ie *
3 en
aL 7 ae
/ _
3
UR Miz
akg
etl
q
Interior of Dominican convent, Santo Domingo.
COLUMBUS UNDER A CLOUD. 938
more dignified. This kind of dress was forbidden in
Spain, because the nobility were extravagant. Govern-
ments were much given to meddling in matters of dress
in those days.
Soon after Ovando sailed there was a terrible storm,
the fleet was scattered, and the shores were strewed with
things washed over from the ships. When this news
reached Ferdinand and Isabella they shut themselves up
for eight days, and gave way to grief, but they were
comforted when it was found that only one ship had
been lost.
Columbus must have thought it hard that Ovando
was sent to Hispaniola so much better provided than he
had ever been; but the king and queen promised him
that they would restore him to the government of the
island when the troubles there should have had time to
subside. The mind of the great discoverer was now
more than ever filled with his dream of rescuing the
Holy Sepulchre. He wrote a long paper to convince
the king and queen that this was the thing that they
should do. Columbus wished to undertake another voy-
age to the New World, with the idea that he could
find a strait somewhere that should lead through the
lands already found to the Eastern countries, which, in
the notions of that day, lay just beyond; but what Co-
lumbus thought most about was finding riches enough
to carry out his plan of conquering Jerusalem from the
infidel.
The great discoverer was allowed four little ships for
his voyage. It was agreed that he was to go to an un-
discovered part of the New World, and was not to touch
at Hispaniola on his outward voyage.
934 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
Before Columbus sailed once more for the New
World, he put all his papers in careful order. As he
considered that he might never come back from this
voyage, he made arrangements for the distribution of
his property. One of his plans was to leave one tenth
of his revenue, if it should ever come to amount to any-
thing, to the Bank of St. George, in Genoa, to be used
to reduce the tax on corn, wine, and other provisions.
It is evident that Columbus remembered his native city
with affection, and generously wished to lift a little of
the burden of taxation off of plain people, such as his
own family had been.
COLUMBUS PREDICTS A HURRICANE. 935
CHAPTER XLII.
COLUMBUS PREDICTS A HURRICANE.
1502.
Cotumsus set sail on his fourth voyage to the new
world on the 9th of May, 1502, nearly three months
after Ovando had sailed for Hispaniola. He took with
him his brother Bartholomew and his younger son,
Ferdinand, who was not quite fourteen years old. He
made a quick passage, and on the 15th of June sighted
one of the Caribbee Islands called Mantinino, or Mar-
tinico, as it is now called. The ships stopped at this
island for three days, taking in wood and water, while
the men washed their clothes. The admiral sailed next
to the Island of Dominica; from there to Santa Cruz
and along the south side of Porto Rico. He had meant
to go to Jamaica and from there to the continent, but
one of his ships was a very bad sailer and could not
carry much canvas, and he wished to exchange her for
another vessel or buy one outright. So he steered for
his old home at Hispaniola, though he had been forbid-
den to do this.
At the time when Columbus neared Santo Domingo
Ovando had been in the island for about two months, had
taken the government away from Bobadilla, had made
a strict investigation of the conduct of Roldan and the
other rebels, and had caused many of them to be arrest-
236 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ed, in order to be sent to Spain for trial. The fleet in
which Ovando had come out was about to sail on the
return voyage when Columbus appeared.
of gold, which had been gathered by Bobadilla during
his government, was loaded on the largest ship, in which
Bobadilla himself was
to sail. There was one
nugget weighing thirty-
six hundred castellanos,
which had been found
by an Indian woman in
a brook. Her Spanish
masters are said to have
dined on roast pig,
served on this piece of
gold. In this ship was
to sail also the chief
Guarionex, who had
been a prisoner all this
time. Roldan and those
of his followers who
CEIBA TREE, TO WHICH IT IS SAID THE were arrested, oe well a8
SHIPS MOORED IN COLUMBUS’ TIME. others, put their gold
. into. different vessels of
the fleet. One ship was loaded by the agent of Colum-
bus with his share of the treasure, which amounted to
four thousand pieces of gold.
It was the 29th of June, and the richly laden fleet
was about to set sail when Columbus arrived. He sent
one of his captains on shore, asking that he might get
a ship in exchange for the one which sailed badly, and
also begging that he might be allowed to take shelter in
COLUMBUS PREDICTS A HURRICANE. 937
the harbor, for he thought that a storm was coming.
But Ovando refused. Perhaps he may have feared that
some injury might be done to the discoverer, since San-
to Domingo was at that time full of his enemies, who
were very angry because so many of their friends had
been arrested. Columbus sent the captain back once
more to Ovando, begging him not to let the fleet sail
for several days, as there was a storm coming. But
Ovando paid no heed to the warning of the discoverer,
and the fleet sailed, putting directly out to sea. Colum.
bus left the harbor also, driven away from the shores
he had discovered. His men grumbled because they
had sailed with an admiral who was treated in this way.
Columbus had not seen the hurricanes of the tropi-
cal countries without observing the signs of them. He
hugged the shore of the island, as he~expected the
storm would come from the land side. In two days
the hurricane came. It was a terrible storm. The fleet
of Bobadilla was scattered hither and thither. Several
ships went to the bottom. Bobadilla, Roldan, and some
of the worst enemies of Columbus, as well as the chief
Guarionex, and the great mass of gold and other riches,
were swallowed up in the ocean. It was a kind of case
of poetic justice, for it is even said that the only ship
which was able to sail on for Spain was the one on
which the gold belonging to Columbus was put.
It was a fearful time for the fleet of Columbus.
The ships weathered the first day, under shelter of the
land. The next day the storm was worse than ever,
and the vessels lost sight of each other. Columbus, ac-
cording to his first plan, still hugged the shore, but the
others ran out for sea-room at night. Don Bartholo-
2938 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
mew, who commanded the poorest ship, barely escaped
shipwreck At last they all got together in a wild bay,
The vessels which had run out to sea were more or less
injured, while Columbus had lost his long boat.
When the news reached Santo Domingo that the
enemies of Columbus had been ingulfed, while he was
safe, there were men who said that Columbus had
brought about this storm by magic, in order to revenge
himself on Bobadilla. In those days, a man of more
knowledge than the common was likely to be suspected
of dealings with evil spirits.
COLUMBUS AT HONDURAS. 939
CHAPTER XLII.
COLUMBUS AT HONDURAS.
1502.
Cotumsus had no sooner put out of harbor than he
was forced back by a fresh storm. At last he made a
start, and sailed to some little islands near Jamaica,
where the men got fresh water by digging holes in the
sand. There was a calm, and the currents carried the
ships over to the coast of Cuba, where were the keys
that had been called the Queen’s Garden. A favorable
wind presently began to blow, and Columbus struck out
for fresh discoveries, sailing southwest from Cuba. He
reached the main-land in the province of Honduras.
The admiral sent his brother Bartholomew ashore.
The people seemed to be much like the Indians they
had seen before, except that their foreheads were a little
larger. The sailors discovered a good deal of copper
here, which they took for gold and gathered greedily,
trying to hide it when they went on shipboard, so that
it would not be taken from them for the crown.
_ While Bartholomew Columbus was ashore a great
canoe arrived from some other country. This boat was
made of a single tree-trunk, but was eight feet wide and
very long. In the middle of it was a cabin, so thickly
covered with palm-leaves as to keep out rain and sea-
water. Under this cabin were women and children.
240 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
The boat was paddled by twenty-five men. These In-
dians did not offer any resistance, but allowed them-
selves to be captured by the white men. The women
were wrapped in cotton mantles, and the men wore cot-
ton cloths about their middle. They were somewhat
better clothed than any Indians found in the New World
before. It is thought that this canoe came from Yuca-
Soury Omerica
MAP OF COLUMBUS’ LAST VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY.
tan, where the people, who lived on the border of Mex-
ico, were more civilized than elsewhere. The boat was
probably on a trading voyage. It was loaded with all
kinds of Indian goods. There were sleeveless cotton
garments, embroidered or dyed in various colors, aprons
of cotton such as the Indians wore, and mantles of cot-
ton cloth. Then there were copper hatchets and wooden
swords, which had grooves cut in each side, in which
sharp pieces of flint were tied by cords made of the in-
testines of fish. This kind of weapon was afterward
COLUMBUS AT HONDURAS. 941
found among the Mexicans and in Virginia. There
were also utensils made of clay, stone, or hard wood,
and a great many cacao-nuts. The Spaniards had not
yet been introduced to the drink called chocolate, which
was made out of this nut. They noticed that when an
Indian let one of the cacao-nuts drop, he picked it up
in as much haste as though he had lost an eye out of
his head. The fact is that the Indians used the cacao-
nuts for money, and this is why they were so afraid of
losing one. Columbus selected what he thought most
interesting from the goods of these people, and, having
paid them. in trinkets, he set them free, all but an old
man, whom he kept for a guide.
When asked where they came from, these Indians
had pointed toward the west. If he had sailed west and
north, Columbus might have discovered the empire of
Mexico, but he turned eastward. He was looking for a
strait which should lead to India, and expected to find
it by sailing toward Paria. The admiral did, indeed,
sail to where the two great continents were joined by a
narrow isthmus, which was the nearest approach to a
strait. The fact seems to be that Columbus asked the
Indians where there was a strait, and they pointed to-
ward Panama; but the white men and natives did not
understand each other very well, and the Indians meant
a strait of land—that is, an isthmus. Oolumbus hoped
to press through the strait and so reach a sort of middle
sea like the Mediterranean, which should quickly lead
to India. Of course, he had no dream of such an im-
mense ocean as the Pacific. Had there been a strait,
Columbus would probably have tried to go around the
world, and would have perished of hunger if he had not
,
249 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
turned back. Long after he was dead, discoverers were
still looking for a passage through the American conti-
nent. The Isthmus of Panama is a very inconvenient
affair, and the strait is still so much wanted that in our
day two canals have been undertaken, with a view of
getting through from ocean to ocean.
Bartholomew Columbus landed at Cape Honduras
on the 14th of August and said mass. Again he landed
at a river which he called the River of Possession, be-
cause he took possession of the country here in the
usual style. The Indians of this place brought food
and laid it at the feet of Don Bartholomew, and then
moved away without saying anything. Bartholomew
offered them little beads and bells, which they came.
and took ; but when he tried to:-talk with them he could
not make them understand, even with the help of the
old interpreter. The next day these Indians brought
fowls, eggs, roasted fish, red and white beans, and other
Indian food, to the white men.
The Spaniards noticed that the natives of this coast
made a sort of cuirass of quilted cotton to protect
themselves from arrows. In one place the people were
very dark, and the old interpreter assured them that
these savage-looking fellows ate human flesh. These
Indians heightened their ill-looks by slitting their ears
and stretching them by some means, so that the slit
alone was large enough to pass an egg through. The
Spaniards named this region La Costa de la Oreja, or
the Coast of the Ear.
The ships made their way, hindered by contrary
currents and frequent storms, along a low but beautiful
shore. The people were almost entirely naked, though
COLUMBUS AT HONDURAS. 943
some of them wore a sort of sleeveless shirt. Their
bodies were tattooed or otherwise bedizened with the
figures of animals and Indian cabins, which produced a
curious effect. The most important men among them
wore pieces of white and red cotton on the head, or
tresses of hair hanging down in front. On dress occa-
sions they painted their faces black or red, or streaked
them with lines of various
colors, while some were con-
tent with blacking around their
eyes. When these savages
thought themselves the finest,
the white men were of the
opinion that they looked very
much like devils.
For some two months Co-
lumbus struggled along the
coast of the new continent, op-
posed by contrary currents and
incessant storms. Sometimes
the tempest was so frightful
that it seemed as though the
end of the world had come, and
the terrified sailors confessed
their sins to one another. The
ships grew more and more leaky, the sails were torn,
and the provisions were hurt by being mixed with
sea or rain water. Columbus fell ill of the gout.
He had a small cabin built on the stern of his ship,
and here he lay in his bed and kept a lookout.
Sometimes he was so ill that he expected soon to die.
At such times he was anxious about his brother Bar-
INDIAN FIGURE OF STONE FOUND
ON THE HONDURAS COAST,
944. THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
tholomew, who had not wanted to come on this voyage,
and about little Ferdinand. Then he would think of
Diego, whom he had left in Spain, and wonder whether
he would ever manage to regain the rights which he
had worked so hard to leave him. As for the boy Fer-
dinand, among all the trials of the voyage he was as
steady as a man of eighty, as his father said, taking in
with boyish interest all that he saw.
At last the ships doubled a cape, and the sailors
found that the land turned suddenly southward, while
the wind was with them. Columbus and his men were
joyful at the change, and named the cape Gracias a
Dios, or Thanks to God. At this point they set ashore
their good old interpreter, loaded with presents, for
they had come to a region where he no longer under-
stood the speech of the natives.
MAGIC POWDER AND GOLD PLATES. 245
CHAPTER XLIII.
MAGIC POWDER AND GOLD PLATES.
1502.
Tue ships sailed south along what is to-day called
the Mosquito Coast. In the rivers were reeds, some of
them as thick as a man’s leg, and many alligators. At
one place there were twelve small islands, which Co-
lumbus called the Limonares, because they were cov-
ered with lime-trees, and the. limes seemed to Columbus
much like lemons.
The vessels had sailed a long distance, and the men
were in want of water. Two boats were sent up a river
to get it. As they came back they were caught in a
swelling of the sea caused by the waves rushing against
the river current. One boat was overturned, and all on
board were drowned. The sailors, who had already
had a hard time of it, were disheartened by this acci-
dent. Columbus called the stream the River of Dis-
aster.
After several days the admiral thought to give his
men a rest, so he anchored between a little island and
the main-land. The little island sent off a very sweet
smell. There were many fruits growing on it, among
_ which were bananas. .On the main-land was a beautiful
hilly country, with trees so high that they seemed to
reach to the sky. The Indians, however, were un-
18
246 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
friendly, and got together on the shore well armed and
ready for a fight. But the white men did not try to
land. They calmly rested on deck or busied themselves
drying the wet provisions. Seeing that the strange
beings were so peaceable, the Indians presently began
to wave cotton mantles on the shore by way of inviting
the white men to land. After a while they grew bold,
and swam out to the ships with mantles and sleeveless
shirts of cotton, and ornaments made of the mixed gold
called quanin.
Columbus tried a new plan with these Indians. He
would not take anything from them, but gave them
trinkets, thinking that he would make an impression on
them by being very generous. It seems to have made
them suspicious, however, for when they got ashore
they tied together all the things that the white men had
given them and left them on the beach. No doubt
they thought that there was something magical about
these men, and were afraid of their gifts.
Some of the Spaniards one day went cautiously
ashore to get water. When the boat was about to land
an old Indian came out from the trees with a white
cloth tied to the end of a stick as a sign of peace. He
led two little Indian girls, who had ornaments of quanin
hanging from their necks One of these girls was
about fourteen and the other about eight years old.
The old man brought them to the Spaniards, and
seemed to want them to keep the girls as hostages. So
the Spaniards went ashore and filled their water-barrels,
while the Indians kept at a distance, and took pains not
to frighten the strangers by any movements. When
the Spaniards started to leave, the old man made signs
Sea-view and Indians of the Mosquito coast.
MAGIC POWDER AND GOLD PLATES. 947
that they were to take the girls with them. So the
two little Indian girls were taken on board the ad-
miral’s ship. After they had been feasted they were
sent ashore, but as it was now dark, and their friends
were gone, they were brought back again and spent the
night on shipboard, where Columbus was very careful
that the rough sailors did them no harm. They were
sent back the next morning, and their friends received
them joyfully. The same day, when the boats went
ashore once mere, the girls came with crowds of other
Indians to return the presents that had been made to
them on the ships.
The next day Don Bartholomew started to go ashore.
Before his boat reached the land two Indians waded
out into the water, and, taking him out of the boat,
carried him on land and sat him down upon a grassy
bank. Bartholomew Columbus began to question the
Indians about their country. He ordered a notary who
was with him to write down what was understood to
be their answers. The notary, getting out pen, ink-
horn, and paper, began to write. This was too much
for the Indians, who thought this the performance of
some spell, and fled in all directions. They presently
returned, throwing a fragrant powder from a safe dis-
tance and burning some of it so that the smoke shoulé
blow toward the white men. The Spaniards were now
disconcerted in their turn, for Europeans were almost
as superstitious in those days as were the Indians. They
began to think that these people were sorcerers. They
thought they knew now why they had been retarded
so much in sailing along these coasts. No doubt some
spell had been worked by the witchcraft of the In-
948 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
dians. Even Columbus said that the people of Cariari,
as this region was called, were great enchanters, and
thought that the Indian girls who had come on board
the ship had magic powder hidden about them.
In spite of the dreaded magic powder, Bartholomew
Columbus made several trips ashore well protected, not
by magic amulets but by good Spanish arms. He
found nothing but quanin among the natives, but they
told him that farther on he would find gold. He went
into one of the Indian villages, and found in a large
house some sepulchres. In these were bodies wrapped
in cotton cloth and so embalmed that there was no bad
odor from them. The corpses were dressed in their
savage ornaments, and the sepulchres were adorned with
yude carvings and paintings.
Before he left, Columbus had seven of the people
seized. From them he selected two whom he thought
the most intelligent, and let the others go. The Indians
on shore were greatly distressed at this, and sent pres-
ents to the white men, begging for the release of their
friends. Columbus tried to explain that he wanted
them for guides, but they probably did not understand
this, and perhaps wished that they had used more magic
powder.
Columbus next sailed along a shore which has since
been called Costa Rica, or Rich Coast, on account of the
gold and silver mines which were afterward found here.
He then entered the lagoons of Chiriqui, through a deep,
narrow channel, where the rigging brushed against the
branches of the trees which hung over the water. The
Spaniards landed on one of the islands here. The In-
dian guides, whom Columbus had stolen from the land
MAGIC POWDER AND GOLD PLATES. 949
of magic powder, encouraged the natives of this island
to come and trade with the whites. These people had
large pieces of pure gold hanging by cotton cords
around their necks. One of them sold a plate worth
ten ducats, or about brent, dollars, for three little
hawksbells.
The Spaniards made a second visit to the main-land
the next day. Ten canoe-loads of Indians met them,
adorned with flowers, and coronets made of the claws of
animals and quills of birds. These Indians wore around
their necks large plates of gold, hammered thin and bur-
nished, but refused to sell them. The Spaniards capt-
ured two of them to carry off as guides. One of them
wore a gold plate, and another an eagle made of gold.
In spite of the gold which Columbus found at Chiri-
qui, he hurried on eastward in search of the strait for
which he was looking. As was always the case when
Columbus tried to talk with the Indians by signs, he
had got hold of astrange story. This time it was about
a land in the interior where the people were rich and
civilized, having ships, guns, and horses. This country
was surrounded by the sea, while the river Ganges was
thereabouts. Columbus thought that this desirable
country must be on the other side of the land where
he now was, which was, perhaps, a great peninsula like
Spain. He expected soon to find an opening like the
strait of Gibraltar, through which he would pass and
reach some Eastern country, belonging perhaps to the
Empire of the Grand Khan.
The next stopping-place of Columbus was at the
mouth of a large river on the coast of Veragua. Some
of the Spaniards rowed to land in the ships’ boats.
250 . THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
About two hundred Indians assembled on the shore,
armed for a fight, and kept up a lively din with
wooden drums and conch-shells. As the boats neared
land, the savages ran out into the sea up to their mid-
dles, splashing the water to show their fury. The
Spaniards made signs of peace, however, and the na-
tives were presently pacified, and consented to trade.
Seventeen plates of gold were bought this day. The
next day, when the sailors went back again, the Indians
were as fierce as ever, rushing forward to the sound of
CHARACTERISTIC INDIAN BUILDING he =~
OF THE COAST. Thom Clulyerweed
drum and conch-shell, determined upon a battle. A
cross-bow was fired at them, and wounded a savage in
the arm. The Indians were quieted by this, but when
a cannon was fired from one of the ships they all fled.
Four Spaniards ran after them, calling to them to come
back. They threw down their arms meekly enough,
and brought three plates of gold as an offering to the
white men. ;
The ships sailed on along the coast of Veragua and
stopped again at another river. Here also there was a
MAGIC POWDER AND GOLD PLATES. 251
great noise of drums and conch-shells, and the savages
were soon in battle array. Presently a canoe came off
to the ships with two men in it. They talked with the
interpreters, and were soon persuaded to go on board.
They returned satisfied to the shore, so the Spaniards
landed. Here. they found a naked king among naked
subjects. The only mark of distinction which this chief
allowed himself was the having a very large leaf held
over his head while it rained. He and his people ex-
changed nineteen large plates of gold for trinkets. The
Spaniards found in this place some sort of a solid build-
ing, the first seen in the New World. Columbus kept a
piece of the stone and lime of which it was made to
carry back with him. This was probably one of the
structures the ruins of which are still to be seen in parts
of Central America.
259 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XLIV.
BACK TO THE LAND OF GOLD.
1502-1508.
Tue ships ran by a number of towns where the
guides said there was gold, but the wind was so very
fresh that Columbus did not stop. His next anchorage
was in a harbor which he called Puerto Bello, or Beauti-
ful Port. Instead of being surrounded by forests, this
bay had open country about it. There were many In-
dian houses standing in groves of fruit trees, while
between them lay fields of corn, vegetables, and pine-
apples. This looked something like the fields and or-
chards of the Old World, and was a refreshing sight to
homesick men. The Spaniards stayed seven days at
Puerto Bello, because there were heavy rains and
storms. The Indians brought them fruits, vegetables,
and balls of cotton, but there was not much gold in this
country, for only a few chiefs had some pieces hanging
from their noses.
The admiral sailed on eastward from here, but he
did not go very much farther. Indeed, one of the
Spanish ships which had recently made a voyage. to
these parts had explored about as far as this from the
other direction, though we are not sure whether Colum-
bus knew this. At any rate, he began to give up the
strait that he wished for so much, though he did not
BACK TO THE LAND OF GOLD. 953
know that he had just coasted the shore of the great
isthmus. It had taken four months to explore as far as
this, and it is not strange that he had become discour-
aged, and thought it better to return to the part of the
coast where he had found gold. He had had a very
hard and stormy voyage, and his ships were becoming
more and more worm-eaten, which is something that
happens to vessels in these seas if they are not covered
with plates of copper. The worms are as large as a
finger, and bore through the ship’s hull, so that she soon
becomes very leaky and unseaworthy.
The last stopping-place eastward was in a little bay,
which was so small that Columbus called it El Retrete,
or The Closet. In this tiny port the ships were an-
chored within jumping distance from the shore. There
were many alligators here sleeping in the sun. The
vessels were so near to land that Columbus could not
prevent the rude sailors from getting on shore without
permission. They slept in the Indian cabins, an ar-
rangement which soon ended in brawls between white
men and natives. The Indians grew more and more .
tierce and numerous, and Columbus finally fired a can-
non, loaded only with powder, hoping to frighten them
away. But they answered with hoots and yells, and did
not take themselves off until a genuine shot was thrown
among them.
After waiting nine days in the little harbor for
storms to blow over, the ships set sail again. Columbus
turned about and sailed westward from this point, but
he was tormented with contrary winds. Presently a
nine days’ storm arose. The sea seemed to boil, and at
night the great waves shone like fire with a phosphores-
954 _ THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
cent light, which must have seemed terrible to the sailors.
There was terrific thunder and lightning, and, to add
to every other terror, the ships were chased by a great
water-spout. The sailors confessed their sins to each
other and got ready to die. When the water-spout
arose they repeated parts of the Gospel of John, and
believed that this was all that saved them from being
swallowed up in the column of whirling water.
After a time there came a calm, but the men were
gloomy. They shook their heads and did not believe
that good weather would last. Many sharks were seen
around the ships. This was a bad sign. Sharks, it was
thought, could scent the bodies of those who were
doomed to die. These sharks were, they thought, wait-
ing to swallow them when the ships should go down.
Nevertheless, the men went about fishing for the sharks,
using chains for fish-lines and colored cloth for bait.
They caught several. Inside of one shark they found
a live tortoise, while in another was a shark’s head
which the men had but just thrown out. In the end
the sailors got the better of their fear, and made a meal
of the sharks, instead of the sharks making a meal of
the sailors. In fact, the provisions were pretty well
eaten up by this time. The sea-biscuits that were left
were so wormy that the Spaniards preferred to eat them
in the dark, for the sake of their appetites.
About the middle of December the ships came to a
resting-place in a harbor which looked like a large
canal. In this place the Indians built their houses in
trees, on poles laid across the branches.
It took Columbus nearly a month to make the dis-
tance back to Veragua, where he wanted to go because
BACK TO THE LAND OF GOLD. 255d
it was the place in which he had found gold, and where
the Indians all told him there was much of this metal.
During all this month the winds were so contrary that
Columbus called this region the Coast of Contradic
tions.
As the mouth of the Veragua River was too shallow
for ships to enter, Columbus sailed over a bar and into
a river near the Veragua, which he called Belen, or
Bethlehem. There were very good signs of gold here.
The Spaniards bought twenty plates of the precious
metal, some pipes made of gold and pieces of ore.
The Indians said that the gold came from the mount-
ains, toward which they pointed, but they said that it
was necessary to fast in getting it. The fact is that
they had an idea that strict fasting was a kind of charm
which gave good luck in finding gold. The Indians of
Hispaniola had the same notion.
These Indians brought the white men plenty of fresh
fish and ornaments of gold, which they sold for trink-
ets. They said that the gold came from the Veragua.
So Bartholomew Columbus made a trip over to this
river. The chief of the river, whose name was Qui-
bian, came down the stream with a number of his men,
in canoes, to meet Don Bartholomew. He was a tall,
fierce-looking warrior. He gave Bartholomew all the
ornaments of gold he had on in exchange for the usual
treasures of bells and beads. The chief made Columbus
a visit on ship-board the next day. He hada good deal
of Indian stolidity, so that the white men could not get
much out of him. There was another exchange, how-
ever, of trifles for gold ornaments.
After Columbus anchored in the river Belen it
256 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
rained for nearly six weeks. During this time the river
rapidly swelled, and its swift-rolling currents broke the
cables of the ships, almost carrying them away. When
the storm at last’subsided, Bartholomew Columbus went
over to the river Veragua to look for the gold mines
the white men had heard so much about. He went up
the river until he came to the village of the chief Qui-
bian. This naked monarch, very much painted, came
down to the shore to meet the white men. One of his
men took a stone out of the river, and, having care-
fully washed it, offered it to his chief for a seat. The
Spaniards imagined that this was a savage style of
throne. Quibian and Bartholomew Columbus had a talk,
which ended in the chief granting three guides to the
Spaniards to take them to the gold mines.
Don Bartholomew left some men to guard his boats,
and set out for the mines with the rest of the party.
They crossed the windings of a river something like
forty times, and slept that night on its banks. The
next day they reached the region of gold, and found
grains of the precious metal among the roots of the
trees. The guides took Bartholomew to the top of a
mountain and pointed out the country all around, saying
that it was all a country of gold. Bartholomew Colum-
bus might perhaps have seen the Pacific Ocean from
the top of this mountain had he been looking for it.
The Spaniards afterward heard that the wily Quibian
had shown them mines which were in the country of
an enemy of his, and that Quibian’s mines were really
much nearer. They were also told that at these nearer
-mines a man might gather as much gold in a day asa
child could carry.
BACK TO THE LAND OF GOLD. 957
Don Bartholomew took fifty-nine men and went on
another expedition westward along the coast, while an
armed boat from the ships followed him by water, so
that he should not get into trouble. He found many
gold plates worn by the Indians, and bought them for
trifles. He saw also great fields of Indian corn, and
many delicious fruits.
The news of so much gold was enough to inflame
the very lively imagination of Columbus. He thought
that Veragua must be some part of Asia. It is true
that the people were naked and uncouth, but then they
might be fishing tribes, while there was possibly some
great empire inland. He concluded that the mines of
Quibian were indeed the mines of Solomon. He after-
ward said that he saw more signs of gold while he was
in Veragua than he had seen in Hispaniola in four
years.
Columbus conceived a plan for founding a new set-
tlement in this land of riches. He decided to leave his
brother Bartholomew in command of a colony of eighty
men, and hurry away himself for re-enforcements and
provisions. All that Columbus could spare now for the
colony was a small amount of biscuit, cheese, pulse,
wine, oil, and vinegar. But there was food enough in
the country—Indian corn, yams, potatoes, bananas, plan-
tains, pineapples, and cocoa-nuts—while in the rivers
there were fish, and for drinks the Indians made a beer
of corn and a wine of pine-apple juice. The Spaniards
who were to stay began building little houses, framed
out of wood and covered with palm-leaves. Columbus
made a number of presents to Quibian, hoping in this
way to put him in a good humor toward the settlements.
258 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XLV.
DEALINGS WITH QUIBIAN.
1508.
Wuen the admiral tried to sail out of the river he
found that since the rains had ceased the water had
fallen so low that it was impossible to get over the sand-
bar at its mouth. There was nothing to do but to wait
for more rain. This was lucky for the little colony, for
already there was trouble brewing with the Indians.
As Columbus said, “the natives were of a very rough
disposition, and the Spaniards very encroaching.†The
chief, Quibian, presently planned an attack on the white
men, hoping to massacre them all and burn their ships.
There was a young man among the Spaniards,
named Diego Mendez, who saved the settlement by his
shrewdness and courage. He afterward wrote an ac-
count of this affair in his will. The Indians seemed to
be gathering together. They passed the ships in great
numbers. When asked what was going on, they an-
swered that they were going to attack the country of a
neighboring chief. Mendez went to Columbus, and
said :
“Sir, these people who have passed by in order of
battle say that they go to unite themselves with the
people of Veragua to attack the people of Cobrava
Aurira. I do not believe it; but, on the contrary, I
DEALINGS WITH QUIBIAN. 259
think that they are-collected together to burn our ships
and kill all of us.â€
“What are the best means of preventing this?â€
asked Columbus.
Diego Mendez said that he would go himself and
make a visit to the “royal court,†as he called the vil-
lage of Quibian. So he took a boat and rowed along
the shore toward the mouth of the Veragua River. He
did not go far before he discovered some thousands of
Indians assembled on shore. Evidently the “royal
court†was on the move. Mendez went ashore, ordering
his men to keep the boat afloat at a little distance from
shore, so that it should not be captured. He had a talk
with Quibian, in which he told him that since he was
going to war he had come to go with him. Quibian
refused this offer rather too earnestly, and Mendez con-
cluded that his conjecture was right, and that the In-
dians really meant to attack the white men. So he re-
turned to his boat and lay in sight of the hostile camp
all night. This measure disconcerted Quibian very
much. Indians always fight by surprises; so Quibian
and his men retreated to their village to wait for a more
favorable moment. Meantime Mendez returned to Co
lumbus to report. Columbus was anxious to find out
clearly what was going on among the Indians; so
Mendez offered to go and make another visit to Quibi-
an with only one companion, though this was really a
very dangerous undertaking. Mendez and a man
named Escobar walked along the beach until they came
to the Veragua River. Here they found two canoes
with strange Indians in them. These natives told Men-
dez that the Veragua Indians were planning to attack
19
260 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the white men, that they had given it up because they
had been watched, but that they would try it again in
two days. Mendez tried to hire these Indians to take
him and Escobar up the river in their canoes to Quibi-
an’stown. The Indians, however, wished to be excused,
and advised the white men to keep away if they did not
want to be killed. But Mendez insisted, so the Indians
took him and his companion up the river.
The warriors at Quibian’s town were all armed and
ready for battle. At first they would not let the Span-
iards go near the house of their chief. But Mendez told
them that he had come to cure this personage of a cer-
tain wound that he had in his leg. He made the In-
dians some presents, and they then suffered him “to
proceed to the seat of royalty,†as he termed it. This
same seat of royalty was situated on the top of a hill-
ock, in the midst of a square which was ornamented by
some three hundred ghastly heads of Quibian’s enemies
killed in battle. Mendez walked boldly through the
square straight to the “royal palace.†There was a
great clamor of women and children, who ran scream-
ing into the palace when Mendez approached. One of
the chief’s sons came out at this, saying some very an-
gry words in his own tongue. He gave Mendez a push
which threw him back a number of steps. Nothing
daunted, Mendez showed the fellow some ointment, ex-
plaining that he had brought this medicine to cure his
father’s leg. But the son would not hear to the white
man’s going in to see Quibian. So Mendez tried an-
other plan. He took out a pair of scissors, a comb, and
a looking-glass. To show the Indians the use of these
articles, he made Escobar comb his hair and eut it off
DEALINGS WITH QUIBIAN. 961
while he regarded himself in the glass. The natives
looked on with interest. When Mendez had been duly
barbered, he presented the scissors, comb, and looking-
glass to the chief’s son. The fellow was appeased, and
presently agreed to send for some food. The Spaniards
and Indians ate and drank together “in love and good-
fellowship, like very good friends,†as Mendez said,
though he saw nothing of Quibian.
Mendez went back to the ships with his tale. An
interpreter whom the admiral had taken from the In-
dians of the neighborhood also told Columbus that Qui-
bian was indeed planning to massacre the white men.
There was no more time to lose. It was a favorite plan
of the Spaniards, in managing the Indians, to capture
their chiefs. Don Bartholomew now took seventy-four
well-armed men with him and quickly ascended the
Veragua. When the party reached the village of
Quibian, that chief sent them word that they were not
to come up to his house. The real reason why Quibian
was so jealous of the white men coming to his cabin
was said to have been because-he was afraid that they
would see his wives, for the natives had already had rea-
son to be jealous of the Spaniards with regard to their
women. Don Bartholomew paid no heed to the chief’s
wishes, but walked straight up to the “seat of royalty.â€
He took only five men with him, however, for he did
not wish to frighten Quibian into flight. He had
agreed with the others that they were to remain below
until they heard the report of an arquebuse.
When Bartholomew Columbus got near the chief's
house, an Indian came out and begged him not to enter,
for the chief would come out to see him. Quibian pres-
262 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
ently came and sat in his doorway, asking Don Bar-
tholomew to come up to him alone. Bartholomew told
his men that they were to stand back until they saw him
take hold of the arm of the chief, when they were to
come to his aid. He and his Indian interpreter, who
was trembling with fear by this time, approached Quibi-
an. Don Bartholomew
talked a little with the
chief about his wound,
and then, pretending
that he wanted to look
at it, he took hold of
the chief's arm. There ©
was a pretty lively strug-
ie gle between Bartholo-
_ mew Columbus and Qui-
bian, for they were both
powerful men ; but four
of the Spaniards soon
came to the aid of Don
Bartholomew, while the
fifth fired an arquebuse,
which brought the other
soldiers rushing up to
the “seat of royalty.â€
Quibian’s cabin was surrounded, and some fifty men,
women, and children, the most important persons
among the Indians, were captured. The warriors
wailed aloud, and begged for the liberty of the prisoners,
offering to give Don Bartholomew some treasure that
they said was hidden in the woods near by. But Bar-
tholomew Columbus was deaf to their prayers. He had
SO ee
ana
i
Vy
|
“oo
or
Ut
i
;
fi
DON BARTHOLOMEW EMBRACES THE CHIEF,
DEALINGS WITH QUIBIAN. _ 268
found, indeed, some very fine ornaments in the chief's
cabin—plates, collars, chains, and coronets made of gold.
The captives were given to a pilot named Juan San-
chez to be taken to the ships. Don Bartholomew
warned him not to let the chief escape. Sanchez swore
by his beard that nothing of the sort should occur.
Quibian was bound hand and foot and tied to,a boat-
seat. When they got well out into the river the chief
made very bitter complaints that the ropes hurt him.
Sanchez finally took pity on him, and, unfastening the
rope from the boat-seat, held it in his hand. They had
nearly reached the mouth of the river, when Quibian
suddenly plunged into the water, and Sanchez had to let
go of the rope to keep from falling in himself. It was
as though a stone had fallen into the river. No more
was seen of Quibian, and, as his hands and feet were
bound, it was thought that he had-been drowned. In
spite of this misfortune, Columbus flattered himself
that, if he carried off his family and principal men as
hostages, there would be peace for the settlement.
When the Spaniards had first come to the river Be-
len they had prayed for dry weather, and now that it
was dry they were praying for rain, that the ships might
get over the bar and sail away. Rain came at last, the
ships were lightened of their cargoes, and were towed
over the bar in calm weather by the boats, one vessel
being left behind for the colony. The cargoes were
then carried out to them, and they were ready to sail
- when a favorable wind should come. Riding at anchor
outside, Columbus did not know that Quibian was by
no means drowned, and was planning to revenge himself
on the little colony.
264 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XLVI
QUIBIAN’S REVENGE.
1508.
Quiz1an, of course, hated the white men more than
ever when he saw his family and friends carried out to
sea in the ships. He fell upon the settlement, and this
time the Spaniards were taken by surprise. Their first
warning was the war-whoop of the savages from the
woods close to the settlement. The Indians “began to
shoot their arrows and hurl their darts as though they
were attacking a bull,†as Diego Mendez expressed it.
The little palm-leaf houses were soon riddled. Arrows
were falling thick as hail, and some Indians ran for-
ward, hoping to club the wounded men in true Indian
fashion. Don Bartholomew and Diego Mendez, how-
ever, rallied the men, who made good use of their lances
and swords, killing such Indians as were bold enough to
approach the settlement. The battle lasted for some
three hours, but the Indians finally retired, having killed
one Spaniard and wounded eight, among whom was
Don Bartholomew.
While the fight was going on a boat from the ships
came into the river. This boat was in charge of Diego
Tristan, who was captain of one of the vessels, and had
been sent to get fresh water before sailing. Tristan
selfishly refused to land at the settlement for fear so
QUIBIAN’S REVENGE. 265
many of the besieged men would try to jump on board
his boat as to upset her. When he saw that the fight
was over, he went up the river to where the water was
fresh, although the men at the settlement had warned
him not to go. When he got to a lonely part of the
stream where the woods were very thick, he was sud-
denly attacked by numbers of ambushed Indians, while
many canoes shot out from the banks. The panic
stricken Spaniards thought only of shielding themselves
from the hail of arrows by their bucklers. Tristan
tried to encourage his men to fight, but he was suddenly
killed by a javelin entering his eye. Upon this the
canoes surrounded the boat, and all the men were soon
killed, except one cooper, who fell overboard, dived, and
got away by swimming under water. He carried the
bad news to the settlement. Presently the bodies of
the murdered men floated down the river, and carrion
birds could be seen fighting and screaming over them.
The colonists were in a panic. The men would gladly
have taken the caravel which had been left in the river
and sailed out to join Columbus, but the water was
again too shallow at the bar. They tried to get out
with a boat, but the surf rolled so high that they dared
not attempt it.
Meantime the natives were wild with delight over
their success in massacring the boat’s crew, which was
a true Indian exploit. They only waited a good chance
to obliterate the settlement. The woods echoed with
the blowing of conch-shells and the sound of war-
drums, and it was not safe for a Spaniard to venture
away from the settlement. They no longer dared to
stay in their frail houses which stood near the woods,
266 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
where the Indians could attack them too readily from
behind trees. So they camped on the shore behind a
breastwork made of the ships’ buats, some chests, and
some barrels, with two brass pieces called falconets for
artillery.
Meantime Columbus was waiting uneasily on ship-
board, wondering why Diego Tristan did not return.
The surf was running so high that he dared not risk
his last boat; his ships were so rotten and worm-eaten
that time was precious if he were to reach Spain, or
even Hispaniola; and he was in danger of being struck
by a tropical tempest if he stayed much longer on this
shore, where he could not put in to harbor. The Indian
prisoners, whose captivity Columbus had hoped would
secure safety for his colony, were shut up in the hold
of the ship. The only opeuing into this place was a
trap-door, which had not been locked at night because
several sailors slept about it. Suddenly, in the night,
some of the Indians opened the trap-door, and, thr owing
themselves into the water, made their escape by swim-
ming. ‘When the slocpy: sailors were roused to what
was going on, they shut the trap-door and chained it
down. In the morning, when they entered the hold,
they found that the Indians who had not escaped had
all hung or strangled themselves, for the decks were so
low that the knees of some touched the floor. Such
was the despair of these people at the prospect of being
carried away from their homes..
Columbus was getting very anxious about the colony.
There was a pilot on board, named Ledesma, who
thought that if Indians could swim ashore, he could;
so he was rowed out to the surf by some sailors, and he
QUIBIAN’S REVENGE. — 267
plunged in and swam to the settlement. He found the
little colony in the misery of a panic, shut up behind a
feeble barricade with a small allowance of provisions.
Ledesma swam back through the surf to where the boat
was waiting for him, and returned to the ships with the
bad news of the murder of Tristan and his men and the
dangerous predicament of the colonists.
Columbus was in despair. He was anxious about
his colony, which it was impossible to succor through
the raging surf, and at the same time he feared to waste
any more time on this coast with his ships at the point
of sinking. Worn out with anxiety and suffering with
a fever, he toiled up to the highest part of his ship and
wept, while with a quivering voice he cried for help
to come to him from Spain. At last he fell asleep
exhausted, when he heard in a dream a kind voice
reproach him for calling for uncertain help instead of
calling upon God, who had given him the keys to.the ,
“barriers of the ocean sea which were closed with such
mighty chains,†and had “ brought wonderful renownâ€
to his “name throughout all the land.†The voice also
remarked somewhat satirically that the acts of God,
unlike those of men, answered to his words, and that he
performed his promises with interest. ‘“ Fear not,†the
voice said in conclusion; “all these tribulations are re-
corded on marble, and not without cause.â€
Not long after Columbus had had this cheering vi-
sion, which was no doubt the reflection of his own
thoughts and of a spirit rising to fresh emergencies in
the face of illness and disappointment, the wind fell and
there was a calm, so that the ships were no longer shut
off from those on land. Diego Mendez made some bags
268 | ‘THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
out of the sails of the caravel that was in the river and
put all the sea-biscuit in them. He then fastened two
canoes together, and, loading them with the bags of bis-
cuit and ammunition, had them towed out to the ships.
By a great deal of hard work all the effects of the col-
ony were moved out in this way, followed by the men,
a few at a time, Diego Mendez and five others waiting
for the last boat-load.
There was great joy on the ships when the Spaniards
had all got safely together again. Columbus embraced
the faithful Mendez and kissed him on both cheeks.
As there was one ship without a captain, on account of
the death of Tristan, Mendez was given the honor, such
as it was, of commanding a worm-eaten vessel which was
constantly on the point of sinking.
STRANDED. 269
CHAPTER XLVII.
STRANDED.
1508.
Axtnoven Columbus was a visionary man when he
gave rein to his imagination, he was certainly a very
skillful sailor. He started eastward from Veragua, along
the coast, instead of sailing north, as his men thought he
should do, to reach Hispaniola. They imagined that he
was going to undertake the voyage direct to Spain in
his leaky ships, instead of going to Hispaniola, and they
accordingly grumbled. But Columbus knew perfectly
what he was about, and did not wish his men to know,
for already some of his old pilots had directed merchant
ships to the lands which he had discovered, where they
had reaped the profits. He afterward boasted that none
of his crew could find the way back to Veragua. The
reason why he steered so far east before sailing north
was that he wished to allow for the currents, which al-
ways carried ships westward in these parts. He sailed
eastward to about the region of the Gulf of Darien, and
then struck north for Hispaniola.
Columbus had to abandon one of his ships on thé
way, so worm-eaten was she, and now there were but
two left. These were scarcely able to keep above water.
The pumps were kept going all the time, and, besides
this, the men had to bale constantly with kettles and
270 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
pans to keep down the water which ran in at the worm-
holes. In spite of all the efforts of Columbus to steer
far enough east to strike the island of Hispaniola, the
currents carried him to the Queen’s Garden, off Cuba,
instead. Here he anchored, and was struck by a storm,
in which three of his cables broke, while the two ships
were driven together, smashing the bow of one and the
stern of the other. There was only one anchor left to
save the admiral’s vessel from being driven headlong
ashore, and by morning the cable which held the ship
to this anchor was worn almost in two.
After the storm was over Columbus bent his course
east for Hispaniola. His men were disheartened, his
anchors nearly gone, and his vessels “as full of holes as
a bee-hive,†as he said. He anchored at Cape Cruz, on
the island of Cuba, and got a supply of cassava bread
from the Indians, for the ships’ stores were all used up
except a little biscuit, oil, and vinegar. The winds were
contrary, the ships were in danger of foundering, and
Columbus dared not try to make the remaining distance
to Hispaniola. It was necessary to put in to shore be-
fore it was too late. So-Columbus made a port on the
island of Jamaica. As there was no fresh water here,
and no Indians from whom he could get food, Colum-
bus sailed eastward to another harbor, which is now
called Don Christopher’s Cove. Here, on the 24th of
June, 1503, the wretched ships were run aground within
a bowshot of the shore and fastened together. They
soon filled with water up to the decks. Columbus had
thatched cabins built on their bows and sterns, and here
he resolved to stay for the present. He forbade the
sailors going ashore to live, for he knew well what he
STRANDED. ont
called the encroaching character of his men, and for
the safety of the company it was absolutely necessary
that no such troubles should arise between them and the
natives as there had been at Veragua. The lives of the
Spaniards depended on the friendship of these savage
people, for they must starve unless the Indians supplied
them with food; while, on the other hand, the natives,
once angry, might easily throw a firebrand into the
midst of the thatched cabins on the ships—firebrands
being favorite weapons with American Indians.
Soon after the white men had stranded on the island
of Jamaica the natives began to swarm around the
‘ships, ready to trade. Columbus made it the business
of two men to do the trading, so that there should be no
disputes. Thus the Spaniards were furnished, for the
time, with food. But there were over two hundred
hungry men to feed, and the Indians were uncertain and
improvident. They did not like to work well enough
to raise more food than they wanted. When an Indian
had possessed himself of a comb, a knife, some beads,
bells, and fish-hooks, in exchange for cassava bread,
yams, potatoes, and fruit he was a rich man, and did not
trouble himself to bring any more food to the strangers.
When the last ration of wine and biscuit had been,
dealt out, the good Diego Mendez donned his sword,
and with three companions, together with a supply of
‘combs, knives, beads, bells, and a brass helmet in a
bag, set out to look for food. He was fortunate
enough to find some Indians who were in a good
humor and received him very kindly. Mendez made
an agreement with these Indians that they were to
make cassava bread and hunt and fish for the white
a9 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
men, while they should be paid in blue beads, combs,
knives, hawksbells, and fish-hooks. When this agree-
ment had been made, Mendez sent back one of the men
he had brought with hin to Columbus to tell him of
the bargain that had been made, so that he would be
ready to pay the Indians when they came with the
food. Mendez then went to another village, and made
the same agreement with the Indians who lived there.
He sent back a second man from here. He journeyed
on until he came to the town of a great chief named
Huareo. Huarco received Mendez very well, gave
aire
i gi
HULL OF A SHIP OF COLUMBUS’ TIME.
him plenty to eat, and ordered his people to bring to-
gether all the food they could in three days. They
brought the food accordingly, and laid it before their
chief. Mendez agreed with Huarco that he should
keep on sending food to Columbus. He then sent his
last companion back to the ships with the provisions.
Mendez now begged Huarco to let him have two In-
dians to go with him to the end of the island, one to
carry his food and the other to carry the hammock in
which he slept at night. The chief consented, so Men-
STRANDED. 273
dez traveled alone with two Indians to the east end of
Jamaica. Here lived a chief named Ameyro. Men-
dez and Ameyro struck up such a friendship that they
exchanged names, which is a favorite pledge of broth-
erly love among barbarians. In truth, Mendez wanted
to buy a fine, large canoe of Ameyro. He offered him
the brass helmet which he had carried with him all the
way ina bag, for this very purpose, no doubt. They
struck a bargain, with the addition to the brass helmet,
of a frock and a shirt, as the price of the boat. Ameyro
threw in six Indians to paddle the canoe back to the
ships. Mendez reached the vessels with his canoe
loaded with a goodly amount of provisions, of which
the hungry Spaniards were glad enough, for they were
entirely out of food once more; and Columbus embraced
the brave Mendez, and gave thanks to God that he had
gone safely through so many savage tribes.
974 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XLVIII.
COLUMBUS HAS A PLAN.
1503.
Cotumsus had been thinking a great deal about
how he and his men were to get safely away from this
wild island. He wished to get a letter to Ovando, the
governor of Hispaniola, so that a ship might be sent to
the relief of the stranded crews. The sight of the
handsome canoe of Mendez gave him an idea. About
ten days after the brave fellow had returned from his
foraging trip, Columbus called him aside, and said to
him:
“Diego Mendez, my son, not one of those whom I
have with me has any idea of the great danger in which
we stand except myself and you; for we are but few in
number, and these wild Indians are numerous, and
very fickle and capricious; and whenever they may
take it into their heads to come and burn us in our
ships, which we have made into straw-thatched cabins,
they may easily do so by setting fire to them on the
land side, and so destroy us all. The arrangement that
you have made with them for the supply of food, to
which they agreed with such good-will, may soon prove
disagreeable to them; and it would not be surprising if,
on the morrow, they were not to bring us anything at
all; in such case, we are not in a position to take it
COLUMBUS HAS A PLAN. ON5
by main force, but shall be compelled to accede to their
terms. I have thought of a remedy, if you consider it
advisable, which is, that some one should go out in the
canoe that you have bought, and make his way in it to
Hispaniola, to buy a vessel with which we may escape
from the extremely dangerous position in which we now
are. Tell me your opinion.â€
“My lord,†answered Mendez, “‘I distinctly see the
danger in which we stand, which is much greater than
would be imagined. With respect to the passage from
this island to Hispaniola in so small a vessel as a canoe,
I look upon it not merely as difficult, but impossible ;
for I know not who would venture to encounter so ter-
rific a danger as to cross a gulf of forty leagues among
islands where the sea is most impetuous and scarcely
ever at rest.â€
But Columbus thought it might be done, and that
Mendez was the man to do it.
“My lord,†replied Mendez, “I have many times
put my life in danger to save yours and the lives of
those who are with you, and God has marvelously pre-
served me. In consequence of this there have not been
wanting. murmurers, who have said that your lordship
intrusts every honorable undertaking to me, while there
are others among them who would perform them as
well as I. My opinion is that your lordship would do
well to summon all the men and lay this business before
them, to see if among them all there is one who will
volunteer to take it, which I certainly doubt; and if all
refuse, I will risk my life in your service, as I have
done many times already.â€
The next day Columbus called all the men together,
20 2
276 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
and proposed that some one should volunteer for the
trip to Hispaniola ina canoe. All were silent. Pres-
ently some said that it was an impossible undertaking
to cross such a large gulf in a canoe, for ships had been
lost in trying it. Then Mendez got up, and said:
“My lord, I have but one life, and I am willing to
hazard it in the service of your lordship, and for the
welfare of all those who are here with us; for I trust
in God that, in consideration of the motive which actu-
ates me, he will give me deliverance, as he has done on
many other occasions.â€
Columbus arose, embraced Diego Mendez, and kissed
him on the cheek.
“ Well did. I know,†said he, “ that there was no one
here but yourself who would dare to undertake this en-
terprise. I trust in God, our Lord, that you will come
out of it victoriously, as you have done in the others
which you have undertaken.â€
The next day Mendez pulled his dug-out canoe up
on shore, covered it with pitch, and nailed some boards
along the edge to keep out the waves. He then put a
mast in her and rigged a sail. Having laid in pro-
visions for his voyage, and taken one Spaniard and six
Indians with him for oarsmen, he set out for the east
end of Jamaica. Here he met with ill luck, for he
was seized by a party of Indians, who resolved to kill
him. They had a dispute over who should fall heir to
his canoe and its contents, and while they were playing
a game of ball to decide this momentous question,
Mendez made his escape to the desirable canoe, and so
back to the-ships, after having been gone fifteen days.
Columbus asked Mendez if he was willing to un-
COLUMBUS HAS A PLAN. — QT
dertake the voyage again. Mendez said he would, if
he might have a force of men to protect him until
he could get away from the island. This time a man
named Fiesco agreed to go with Mendez, and there
were to be two canoes and several: other Spaniards, as
well as Indian paddlers. Mendez was to carry letters
to Ovando, begging for a ship to release the stranded
men. He also carried a sad letter which Columbus had
written to Ferdinand and Isabella, in which he de-
scribed his pitiful plight. After taking the letters to
Ovando and getting relief for the colony, Mendez was
to go on to Spain and deliver this letter to the king and
queen. As for Fiesco, if they succeeded in crossing to
Hispaniola, he was to return in one of the canoes, so
that the stranded men might know that the trip could
be made.
Bartholomew Columbus was sent along shore with
ninety armed men to protect the expedition. . Mendez
waited for three days on the end of the island, until the
weather was perfectly calm. He then set out. The ca-
noes were provisioned with cassava bread, the flesh of
utias, and calabashes of water. Don Bartholomew and
his men watched the little crafts until they were mere
specks on the water, and then returned to the ships.
Or8 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
CHAPTER XLIX.
A MUTINY.
1504.
Tue men on the stranded ships kept up hope for a
while, looking for the return of Fiesco. But weeks
wore by in this dreary business of waiting, and he did
not return. Perhaps Mendez and his men had been
drowned; may be they had been massacred by In-
dians after they had reached Hispaniola. Many of
the men fell ill of malarial fevers, while Columbus was
stretched on his bed, once more, with the gout. Con-
fined to the old hulks, the time hung heavy on the
hands of those who were well. They had nothing to do
but to imagine evil things. It was very easy for a
couple of troublesome brothers named Porras, one of
them a captain and the other a notary, to take the lead
of the discontents among the common sailors. It was
plain, they said, that Columbus was banished from
Spain, as well as from Hispaniola. Really, he had sent
Mendez and Fiesco to go to Spain and get his recall from
banishment, and not to get a ship. As for the admiral,
he was content to keep his men here until he was re-
called. The proof of all this was that neither Fiesco
nor the ship came to their relief. There was nothing
for the men to do but to take canoes and go to Hispa-
niola themselves. Columbus was too gouty; he would
never undertake anything of the sort.
A MUTINY. 279
It was the 2d of January, 1504, about a year from the
time that Columbus had landed at Veragua. The ships’
crews had already spent four months on the stranded
vessels. The mutineers got together, well armed, and
burst into the little cabin where Columbus lay ill of the
gout. Captain Porras was spokesman.
. “ How is it, sir,†he demanded roughly of the sick
admiral, “that you have set your head on remaining
here, and do not think of returning to Spain ?â€
Columbus was astonished at the insolent manner in
which Porras spoke, but he answered :
“T have very plausible reasons for staying here in
default of all means of transport; and again, I am only
waiting for the coming of the ship, which will probably
be sent from the island of Hispaniola, to take to the
sea, and return to Spain—â€
“A truce to vain words,†interrupted Porras
brusquely. “ Embark immediately or stay here, in the
name of God. As for me, I am going to Spain with all
those who will consent to go with me.†Immediately
there arose shouts from the armed mutineers.
“To Castile! to Castile!†they cried. “ Death to
him who does not follow! What shall we do, captain?â€
The whole deck was in an uproar. Columbus jumped
out of bed, stumbled and fell from weakness, but got up
again and appeared on the deck. Three or four faith-
ful fellows, fearing that he might be hurt by these mad-
men, took him in their arms and forced him back into
his cabin. Don Bartholomew was for attacking the
mutineers, lance in hand, but those who were faithful
to Columbus persuaded him to go into the cabin with
the admiral and leave the matter to them. They then
280 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
begged Porras to go by all means if he wished to go,
saying that nothing was to be gained by violence, since,
if he caused the death of Columbus, he would only
bring down certain punishment on his own head.
The mutineers proceeded to go. They took pos-
session of ten canoes that Columbus had bought from
the Indians, and forty-eight men departed in them as
merrily as though they were sure of reaching Spain.
The sick men lying on board the ships, seeing so many
‘of the healthy desert them, shed tears. Columbus
crept out of his bed to console the poor fellows. He
told them that when he got back to. Spain he would
throw himself at the feet of the queen and beg that they
might be rewarded for their loyalty.
Meantime the mutineers took their course to the
end of the island, despoiling the Indians by the way,
telling them to go to Columbus for their pay, and kill
him if he did not pay them well. Arrived at the east-
ern point of Jamaica, they set out for Hispaniola with
Indian oarsmen to paddle their canoes. They had gone
four leagues, when the wind rose, the waves ran high,
and the brave rebels, beginning to be frightened, turned
back for the island. A wave dashed over one of the
canoes, and the men began to throw everything out of
their boats to lighten them. The canoes still shipped
water, and the cowards next threw the Indians over-
board, excepting just enough of them to do the pad-
dling. When the poor wretches, exhausted with swim-
ming, caught hold of the canoes, the Spaniards slashed
off their hands with swords. The mutineers returned
to Jamaica, and ended by roaming about the island and
robbing the natives when they dared.
COLUMBUS MAKES USE OF AN ECLIPSE. 981
CHAPTER L.
COLUMBUS MAKES USE OF AN ECLIPSE.
1504.
Tuover the sick on board the ships were left with
very few well men to defend them in case of an attack,
they really fared better for a while after the mutineers
had left them, for there was now more food to be di--
vided among them, and they gradually came back to
health once more. But as time went on, the Indians
shirked their bargains as usual. They began to hate
white men on account of the bad behavior of the muti-
neers, and when they did bring food they demanded a
very large amount of trinkets as pay.
It may be supposed that the stock of beads, bells,
fish-hooks, combs, and knives was not endless. Colum-
bus was once more in extremity, when he had a happy
thought. He knew that there was to be a total eclipse
of the moon in three days. He sent a Hispaniola In-
dian who was with him to see the chiefs and call a
council for the day of the eclipse. When the Indians —
had come to his council, Columbus made them a speech.
“We believe,†said he, “in a God who lives in the
skies, who loves the good, and punishes the wicked
terribly, even though they are chiefs. You have seen
that he did not allow those among us who revolted to
go to Hispaniola, while he did let the faithful ones go.
282 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
For this reason, this God who loves us, seeing that you
will no longer bring us or sell us any provisions, is an-
gry with you, and is going to send you famine and sick-
ness. But as you will not believe these words, he has
charged me to let you know that he will show this night
a sign of his anger, in throwing a darkness over the
moon, which will be a proof to you of the evils with
which you are threatened.â€
The Indians went away when Columbus had done
speaking. Some were a little troubled, others laughed.
Evening came. The moon rose, and soon after the
eclipse began to come on. It did not take long to rouse
the terror of the natives. The darker the moon grew
the more frightened they were. They made haste to
fill their arms with the first food at hand and run to the
ships. They came crying and begging Columbus to
intercede with his God, and they would promise that
the white men should have enough after this.
Columbus said that he would go and see what he
could do. “He shut himself up in his cabin, while the
Indians stood in terror on the shore as the moon grew
more and more dark. Columbus stayed in his cabin
during the whole increase of the eclipse. When it was
time for the eclipse to begin to diminish, he came out
and told the Indians that his God would forgive them
if they would treat his people well and give them plenty
to eat after this. The Indians were very much relieved
when they saw the darkness slowly go off the moon,
and they went away thinking, no doubt, that Columbus
was a very great medicine-man.
A VOYAGE IN A CANOE. - 283
CHAPTER LI.
A VOYAGE IN A, CANOE.
1504.
Eregut months wore away, and the men on the
stranded ships had heard nothing of Mendez and Fiesco.
What had become of the adventurers? Could they
cross one hundred and eighteen miles of water in
canoes? They had started off on a calm evening.
There was no wind, and not a cloud was to be seen.
In due time the sun rosé and beat down on the sea with
a terrible heat. Diego Mendez steered, while the In-
dians paddled. The natives soon became exhausted with
the heat, but they would jump into the water, take a
swim, and then go at their work again. The red-hot
sun went down. at last, and by this time the few men in
their dug-out canoes were entirely out of sight of land.
All night long the Indians took turns in paddling, half
of them working while the other half slept as best they
could. The Spaniards also slept by turns, for they dared
not all sleep at once for fear of treachery on the part of
the Indians.
Morning found both Spaniards and Indians worn
out. Land was out of sight, and the little canoes stood
in great danger of capsizing should the wind come up.
The sun rose and began to shine with tropical heat.
The improvident Indians had drunk up all their water
284 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
the day before, and they began to suffer terribly from
thirst. The longer the sun beat upon their naked
bodies the more ‘they suffered. By noon they were
almost fainting, and could not work any longer. At
this critical moment Mendez and Fiesco discovered two
small kegs of water, which they had probably hidden
for such an emergency. They gave this out, a mouthful
at_a time, to the men, and that mostly to the Indians
who did the work.
There is a small guano island called Navaza, which
lies some forty miles off Hispaniola. Diego Mendez
had steered for this island, hoping to find there water
and rest. The Indians paddled feebly on the rest of
the day. The Spaniards talked about Navaza, and tried
to encourage their men with the thought of soon reach-
ing this resting-place. They calculated that they had
come far enough to find it now. They strained their
eyes trying to discover the little island, but there was
not a cloud nor a speck to be seen on the horizon.
And so the sun went down. Now they were afraid
they would miss Navaza in the dark, and if this should
happen they must all die of thirst and exhaustion before
they reached Hispaniola. Some of the Indians lay
fainting in the bottom of the boats. One of them died
from heat and thirst, and his body was thrown into the
water. A few still paddled feebly. The night wore
on. The last drops had been drained out of the little
kegs. The poor natives tried to cool their mouths with
sea-water, which only added to their torment. One
by one the disheartened paddlers gave up to suffering
and despair, and fell limp in the bottom of the boats.
Tt was late in the night. Mendez had kept up heart
A VOYAGE IN A CANOE. 285
till now, but he at last began to despair. The moon
was slowly rising, and he was looking hopelessly on,
when he suddenly noticed that she seemed to come up
from behind something dark. He gave the joyful cry
of land. The Indians sprang up, and found that they
could manage to paddle a little more. The land was
the small island of Navaza, which they would never
have found if the moon had not shown it to them in
rising behind it.
The canoes sped along now. By daylight the ex-
hausted men landed on the island, which was nothing
more than a large rock several miles long. There were
no springs here, but the men hurried around and found
some pools of rain-water in the hollows of the rocks.
They drank it eagerly. The Spaniards warned the In-
dians against taking too much water, but it was of no
use. ‘Several died from overdrinking.
The men next began to think of eating. They
gathered some mussels along the shore. Mendez built a
fire, over which they broiled the shell-fish, which made
a very tolerable meal. Spaniards and Indians rested
and dozed all day in the shade of the rocks. When
night came they set out once more for Hispaniola, which
they could see in the distance from Navaza. They pad-
dled all night long, and the next day they reached Cape
Tiburon, in Hispaniola. They landed at the mouth of
a beautiful river The Indians were kind to them, and
they rested here for two days. It had been agreed that
Fiesco was to return to Jamaica and let Columbus know
that Mendez had made his trip in safety, but he could
find no one who would undertake the terrible journey
back with him.
286 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
After he had rested, Mendez set out to make the
one hundred and thirty leagues to the town of Santo
Domingo by coasting in his canoe. After going some
eighty leagues he heard that the governor was in Xara-
gua, engaged in the usual troubles with the Indians.
So Mendez walked to Xaragua. According to the
story of Mendez, Ovando hanged and burned eighty-
four chiefs while he was with him. The Indian prin-
cess Anacaona was hanged among other unfortunates
for having engaged in a plot against the whites.
In truth, though Columbus had not been a perfect
governor, according to the ideas of our day, Ovando
seems not to have been a better one. The crowd of
adventurers who had come out with him had set off
speedily for the region of gold, expecting to pick up a
fortune, as people always do in such cases. They
trudged to the mines, carrying their stock of provisions
on their backs.. They dug faithfully, but as they had
no skill in mining they found only very good appe-
tites. In a week or two they straggled back to the
settlement disappointed men, some of them to die of
want, and others to fall victims tv the fevers of these
sea-coasts.
The Indians had been at first freed from slavery as
Queen Isabella had commanded, but Ovando presently
wrote to Spain that they would not work unless they
were forced, and that they kept away from the white
men, so that there was no hope of converting them as
the queen wished. The Spaniards on the island were
then allowed to force the Indians to work, if they
paid them and converted them. This permission soon
threw the natives into bondage again, for the pay was
A VOYAGE IN A CANOE. 287
almost nothing, and the conversion amounted to a hasty
baptism. They were divided up among the white men
and made to work for them for six or eight months
in the year. They toiled in the fields or in the mines,
fed only on a little cassava bread and roots, and scram-
bling under the table of their masters to get the bones
they dropped. When we remember that Indians died
off very rapidly in a civilized life at its best, it is not
strange that many of these people perished at their
work, died on their way home, or after they got to their
cabins, when they found them deserted by their wives
and children, and nothing planted in their little fields.
It is not strange that there were bloody uprisings,
which were crushed by the iron heel of the Spaniard,
who, dreading the cruel vengeance of barbarians re-
duced to slavery, was himself made the more cruel by
his fears.
Ovando was kind to Diego Mendez, but he delayed
about sending relief to Columbus. There were no
ships suitable, and there were other reasons for waiting.
Really, Ovando feared Columbus, who had been granted,
as we know, the government of the lands he should
discover so long as he lived, and he much preferred that
Columbus should remain in Jamaica for the present.
988 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS,
CHAPTER LII.
A SMALL BATTLE.
1504.
Tur men on the stranded
ships at Jamaica were getting
desperate. There was a story
that the hull of a vessel had
been seen floating in the wa-
ter, bottom up. No doubt
eee this was the craft sent
5 ey to rescue them, they
-_ ——
MY === thought. Another mu-
-- = tiny had been planned
: among the men on
board the sunken hulks. It was on the point of break-
ing ont, when a sail was seen. There was intense joy
among the men. But the ship kept cautidusly out to
sea, and only a boat approached the old thatched hulls.
The captain, a man named Escobar, and an old enemy
of Columbus, delivered a barrel of wine and a case of
bacon as a present from the governor of Hispaniola,
saying that he greatly regretted that he had not a ship
large enough to take Columbus and his men over. He
offered to take a letter back. Columbus was aston-
ished and hurt at such cool treatment, but he made
A SMALL BATTLE, 289
haste to write a letter to Ovando, and the ship sailed
away, leaving the men bitterly disappointed.
It would not do to let discontent breed in the minds
of the men, and Columbus pretended to be satisfied
with the poor comfort the ship had brought him. He
said that he had refused to go in this vessel, since she
was not large enough to hold all his company, but that
a larger ship would soon come to carry them all away.
Really the admiral felt very much injured by the un-
kind behavior of Ovando and the tantalizing message
which he had sent.
Columbus thought that perhaps he might persuade
the mutineers to return to duty when they knew that
a ship had visited him, that Mendez had really reached
Hispaniola, and that there was good hope of relief. So
he sent messengers to Porras and his men, offering to
pardon them if they would'submit. But the mutineers
were afraid that Columbus would prevail upon them to
give themselves up and then punish them. Some of the
men of Porras would have liked to go back to their duty,
but Porras talked them down. He told them that no
ship had come from Hispaniola. He said that Colum-
bus, who had some mysterious arts, had conjured up
the vision of the ship to deceive his men. If there had
been a ship, why did it disappear in the night ¢
Porras even worked his. men up to the point of at-
tacking the admiral. Columbus heard that the rebels
were coming to attack him, so he sent Don Bartholomew
out to meet them with fifty armed men. Seeing that
there was likely to be a battle among the white men,
the Indians began to gather, very much interested.
- Don Bartholomew first sent two messengers to Porras
290 ' THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
to see if he would come to terms, but he would not.
Instead of this, he and five of his men made an agree-
ment to try to kill Bartholomew Columbus at all
hazards. The mutineers rushed upon the men from the
ships. There was a pretty lively skirmish for a little
while. Porras struck at Don Bartholomew with his
sword, cut through his buckler, and wounded his left
hand. But the sword stuck fast in the buckler, and
Bartholomew caught hold of Porras, and with the help
of others made hima prisoner. Upon this his men fled.
The Indians, as is usual with these savages, were
ready to take whichever side should conquer, so they
joined the party of Columbus, in great admiration.
They examined the three or four mutineers who lay
dead. on the battle-field, being much interested in the
wounds made by the white man’s weapons. Among
the dead was a man named Ledesma, the same pilot
who swam through the surf to get news of the colony
at Veragua. He was covered with wounds, and the
Indians were examining his corpse, when it suddenly
spoke in a deep, hoarse voice. The Indians took to their
heels. Did dead men speak among the whites? In
reality Ledesma was not dead. He had fallen into a
cleft in the rock, and was not found until the next day
by the white men. In spite of his many wounds he
did not die, but got well; while a man in Don Bartholo-
mew’s party died of a single thrust in the leg.
The mutineers soon begged forgiveness. Columbus
pardoned them, but let them stay on shore in charge of
a captain whom he sent to them, not caring to crowd
the ships with troublesome fellows. He kept Porras a
prisoner.
\
Ke
MQ
A SMALL BATTLE. ‘991
Meantime Diego Mendez was doing his best for
Columbus in Hispaniola. After he had been there
eight months some ships arrived from Spain. Mendez
purchased one of them, and loaded it with meat, hogs,
a Er gt GRAS,
MONUMENT TO COLUMBUS AT BARCELONA.
sheep, and fruit, which he bought out of the money
that belonged to Columbus from the profits of the gold
mines at Hispaniola. The man who was an agent for
Columbus to collect his share of the profits took com-
mand of the ship, while Mendez went on to Spain. By
21
292 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
this time Ovando was getting ashamed of the way in
which he had treated the great discoverer; for people
in Hispaniola began to talk about it, and priests even
preached about it from the pulpit.
Eight days after the rebels had surrendered to
Columbus the ship from Hispaniola came. Great was
the joy of Columbus and his men. They had lived a
year, wanting but a few days, on their stranded hulls,
in danger of Indians and starvation. They bade good-
by ‘to the old thatched vessels with light hearts, and
sailed for Hispaniola, friends and enemies together.
The winds and currents were so contrary that it took
them more than a month to reach the settlement at
Santo Domingo, so persistently did misfortune follow
them.
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS. 293
CHAPTER LIII.
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS.
1504-1506.
Cotumpus spent about a month on the island of
Hispaniola. He caused the ship he had come in from
Jamaica, and one other vessel, to be fitted up for a
voyage to Spain. Some of the men who had been in
Jamaica with him chose to stay at Hispaniola. Colum-
bus spent all the money he could collect from his
revenue to take himself and the rest of his company
home. The return voyage was very stormy. The
mast of the ship that the admiral sailed in was carried
away. He was forced to get into the other vessel with
his brother, son, and servants, and send the dismantled
one back to Hispaniola. The weather continued to be
very bad, and the mast on the second vessel was sprung
in four places. Columbus was lying in his bed with an
attack of the gout, but he told his men what to do.
They shortened the mast, and tied pieces of wood taken
from the cabins to the weak places. Suffering very
much from his painful illness, the admiral landed at
last in Spain, and was carried to'Seville, where he hoped
to rest and get well again.
When Columbus reached Spain Queen Isabella was
on her death-bed. She had tried to befriend Columbus
to the last. She reproved Ovando when she heard that
294 5 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
he made trouble about the collecting of what was due
to Columbus, and censured him for not admitting the
discoverer to harbor on his voyage out, as well as for
not heeding his warnings about the storm. She had
been very indignant when she heard of the execution
of Anacaona, and had made King Ferdinand promise
that he would remove Ovando.
The exposure that Columbus had undergone on his
voyages, his anxieties, and the painful disease from
which he suffered, had undermined the constitution of
the great explorer. Soon after he reached Seville, as
he was too ill to travel on horseback he asked for a
litter from the chapter of the cathedral to go to court
in. The canons lent him the litter which had been
used for the funeral of Cardinal Mendoza, though it
was not the custom to do such a thing. But Columbus
heard of the death of the queen, and knew that the
court would be in trouble and confusion, and as the
weather was cold and stormy, and he very ill, he de-
cided not to go. He had friends at court who were
doing their best in his cause—his son Diego, the faithful
Mendez, and others.
Columbus lay on his bed of pain all winter, longing
for news or writing melancholy letters to his friends at
court. Sometimes he wrote words of advice to his eld-
est son, as though he did not expect to live long. He
wished Diego to be especially kind to Ferdinand, to
conduct himself toward him as an elder brother should.
“Ten brothers would not be too many for you,†he
wrote. “In good or bad fortune, I have never found
better friends than my brothers.â€
The death of Queen Isabella was a great loss to
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS. 295
Columbus, for she had been a good friend to him.
The king was much more selfish and calculating than
the queen. Ovando had succeeded in making Hispani-
ola profitable, while Columbus had not, so that the king
was slow in keeping his promise about removing the
governor. The discoverer suffered from delays in get-
ting his dues paid him from his share of the gold found:
in Hispaniola, but he was more anxious about the titles
and honors which belonged to him and his descendants.
It was his ambition-to found a great family.. His sons
had been brought up at court, and he wished to leave
them grandees.
King Ferdinand, on the other hand, found it very
inconvenient to be limited to the family of Columbus in
selecting a governor for Hispaniola, and he wished the
admiral to take some estates and titles in Spain, in place
of the revenues and honors that had been granted to him
in the New World. But the great discoverer, though
he was suffering extremely, never for a moment relaxed
his determination to defend the rights which he had
earned by the discovery of a new world.
As the winter wore away Columbus determined to
attempt the journey to court, in hopes of bringing mat-
ters to a decision by his presence. There was a law
then in Spain which forbade people to ride on mules,
because mules had been used so much for riding that
the breed of horses had declined. Columbus sent to
the king and asked permission to use a mule in going to
court, since the mule was a more quiet animal, and
would not rack his gouty frame as would a horse. A
royal ordinance was issued in February permitting Co-
lumbus to ride a mule, but it was not before May that
296 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
he was well enough to go to court even in this way.
The court was at Segovia when Columbus journeyed
painfully there, and he followed it afterward to Sala-
manca and Valladolid. The king received Columbus
with kindness, but continually put off granting him his
rights, hoping that he finally would make up his mind to
become a Spanish nobleman, and be satisfied with that.
The winter of 1505-1506 was the last winter of
the great man’s life. He began to despair of living
to enjoy his rights should he regain them, and he
begged the king to give the government of Hispaniola
to his son Diego. “ This is a matter,†he said, “ which
touches upon my honor. As for all the rest, do as
your Majesty thinks proper; give or withhold, as may
be most to your interest, and I shall be content. I
believe it is the anxiety caused by the delay of this
affair which is the principal cause of my ill-health.â€
But it was all of no use. The king replied favorably,
but delayed.
King Ferdinand was not really king over Castile,
but the kingdom went to Isabella’s heirs. As Queen
Juana of Flanders was her eldest daughter, she and
her husband, Philip the Handsome, were to govern
Castile. These monarchs arrived in Spain in the last
months of the life of Columbus. King Ferdinand and
his court went to meet them, but the discoverer was
‘past following in the train of a court. He sent Don
Bartholomew to see the young king and queen and
beg for justice at their hands.
Columbus grew more and more ill at Valladolid.
The old wound which he had received at some time
in his youth reopened. He made his will and got
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS. 997
ready to die. He bequeathed to his descendants the
revenues and rights that he hoped would some time be
restored to his heirs, for he had nothing else to give.
“ Hitherto,†he says, “I neither have had nor have I
now any positive income.†He made Diego his heir,
and after him his descendants. In case the line of
pe OF,
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pine,
HOUSE IN VALLADOLID IN WHICH COLUMBUS DIED.
Diego failed, Ferdinand and his descendants were to
succeed to the estates and honors. Diego was to re-
lieve all poor relatives. One of the wishes of Columbus
was that a chapel should be built in the beautiful Vega
Real, where masses should be said for his soul and the
souls of his family. Another place toward which his
298 THE STORY OF. COLUMBUS.
affections turned was his native city of Genoa. He
wished one line of his descendants to be maintained in
Genoa. And, finally, he did not forget his project: for
the rescue of the Holy Sepulchre.
Having settled his affairs, Columbus took the sacra.
ments of the Church, and, surrounded by seven faith-
ful servants and his two sons, he died on the twenty-
first. day of May, 1506. In the excitement over the
arrival of the new king and queen, the death of the
great discoverer passed unnoticed, except by the few
who loved him.
The body of Christopher Columbus was probably
interred in Valladolid, until several years after his
death, when it was removed to the vault of the Car-
thusians, in the convent of Las Cuevas, at Seville. The
remains of his brother Bartholomew and of his son
Diego were afterward laid beside those of the great
admiral. The three bodies were later removed to the
cathedral in Santo Domingo. In 1795, when Santo
Domingo fell into the hands of the French, the Duke
of Veragua, a descendant of Columbus, removed what
was thought to be the remains of his famous ancestor
to Havana, Cuba; but as there had been no record kept
of the exact burial-place of Christopher Columbus, it is
a disputed question to-day whether the dust of the great
admiral rests in Santo Domingo or in Cuba.
It was some. years before Diego Columbus, the
eldest son of the discoverer, could get any recognition
of the rights which his father had. bequeathed him
from King Ferdinand, who was again governing Cas-
tile as regent, his daughter having become insane.
Diego once asked King Ferdinand “why his Majesty
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS. ~ 999
would not grant him, as a favor, that which was his
right, and why he was afraid to confide in the fidelity
of-one who had been reared in his house.†The king
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CATHEDRAL AT SANTO gonna WHERE COLUMBUS’ REMAINS WERE BURIED.
answered that he could trust him, but that he did not
like to repose so great a trust at a venture in his chil-
dren and successors.
“Tt is contrary to reason and justice,†said the young
man, “to make me suffer for the sins of my children
and successors, who may never be born.â€
Diego Columbus finally got permission from the
king to go to law to get his rights.
suit followed, which was decided in favor of Diego.
Nevertheless, the young man would scarcely have got
any of his rights had he not married a young lady
named Donna Maria de Toledo, a niece of the Duke
800 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
of Alba and a relative of Ferdinand himself. With
the influence of a powerful Spanish family to help
him, Diego Columbus was finally made governor of
Hispaniola, though this was only a part of the privi-
leges to which his father had an undoubted right,
and it was not until some years later that he was allowed
the title of viceroy.
In 1509 the son of Columbus sailed for Hispan-
iola with his young wife, his two uncles, Bartholo-
mew and Diego, and a fine retinue in whieh were
many young ladies of good. blood and no fortune,
who went out hoping to find husbands among the
rich planters of Hispaniola. Don Diego and his wife
held a little court more splendid than any that had been
seen in the New World before, and built: a beautiful
mansion to live in.
Diego, however, succeeded to some of his father’s
troubles as well as to his honors. There were the in-
evitable revolts and squabbles, for which the governor
had to bear the blame and travel to Spain to answer
the consequences. Among other things, there was a
tedious suit to recover revenues to which the descend-
ants of Christopher Columbus were entitled, in the
great profits which poured in from the New World.
It was on one of his journeys to Spain, in 1526, when
he was pushing this suit, that Diego Columbus, follow-
ing the court of Charles V, grandson of Ferdinand
and Isabella, fell ill of a fever. He tried still to follow
the movements of the court in a litter, and died, as his
father had done, away from home and a solicitor at
the Spanish court, leaving his affairs still unsettled.
The management of them now fell to his wife, the vice-
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS. 301
queen, and she tried to push the suit for the benefit
of her little son Luis; but there was finally a com-
promise, and the heirs of Columbus accepted a pension
and the dukedom of Veragua, in place of the honors
which Columbus had hoped to leave to his family.
The descendants of Columbus still live in Spain and
succeed to the title of Duke of Veragua.
The little Ferdinand, who was with Columbus on
his last and most dangerous and irksome voyage, be-
came a great book collector. Like all the relatives of
Columbus in Spain, he was finally enriched by the
court out of the revenues of the New World and with
gifts of Indian slaves. He collected a very fine library,
and built a sumptuous mansion, which stood in the
middle of a beautiful garden filled with trees brought
from the New World.
Christopher Columbus died still holding many mis-
taken ideas about the lands he had discovered. He
thought Cuba part of the main-land, and he still believed
the main-land, to be some outlying part of Asia, while
the more civilized lands, he imagined, might be reached
by a strait leading into some inner sea, like the Medi-
terranean in Europe. But in spite of his mistakes in
geography, Columbus knew perfectly that he had made
a very great discovery and earned for himself a glorious
name.
It was the fashion early in the century, when Wash-
ington Irving wrote his famous Life of Columbus, to see
no faults of character in the great discoverer, and to rep-
resent him as little less than a hero or a saint. Indeed,
one biography of the discoverer was written to persuade
the Catholic Church to canonize him. There has been a
309 THE STORY OF COLUMBUS.
natural reaction from such an attitude of over-reverence,
and to-day scholars are inclined to take an opposite view,
some even going so far as to represent the famous dis-
coverer as rather worse than an ordinary sinner. Both
views of the character of Columbus are no doubt ex-â€
treme. He was the product of his age—an age of new-
born discovery, of greed for wealth, of bigotry, and of
PALACE AT SANTO DOMINGO BUILT BY DIEGO COLUMBUS.
ruthlessness. He outran his age in a lively belief in
the possibility of passing around the globe, while he
was not above the spirit of his time when he accepted
a pension for first seeing land, a reward which he might’
have turned over to a common sailor. He made great
discoveries, but he held mistaken ideas about them—
notions which he once childishly tried to enforce by the
oaths of his men. He had expected and promised.
great riches, and he planted the evil of Indian slavery
to force this expected wealth from the bowels of the
earth ; while his whole after-life became a bondage to
the necessity for verifying his rash promises. If his
colony was the home of misfortune, it is no more than
THE LAST DAYS OF COLUMBUS, + 303
Vv
can be said of all early plantings in America and of all
newly discovered gold regions. His unchecked imagi-
nation carried him on many flights—flights which some
writers think to be mental wanderings, since they con- -
_ trast very unfavorably with his reasonable project, as it
seems to us, of attaining the East by sailing westward.
He was a poder man in his discovery of a new hemi-
sphere, he was a child of the middle ages in his fancy
for turning the profits of his voyages toward a crusade
to rescue the Holy Sepulchre. But whatever were the
faults of Columbus, it must still be admitted that he
was avery great man, in that he gave himself to a
great purpose which he carried out in the face of im-
mense obstacles, while he bore with no little fortitude a
life of great hardship and a career of thwarting mis-
fortune.
THE END.
D. APPLETON & CO.’S PUBLICATIONS.
PPLETONS’ CYCLOPA:DIA OF AMERICAN
BIOGRAPHY. Complete in six volumes, royal 8vo, contain
ing about 800 pages each. With sixty-one fine steel portraits
and some two thousand smaller vignette portraits and views of
birthplaces, residences, statues, etc.
APPLETONS’ CYCLOPADIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, edited by Gen-
eral JAMES GRANT WILsoNn, President of the New York Genealogical and
Biographical Society, and Professor JOHN FISKE, formerly of Harvard Uni-
versity, assisted by over two hundred special contributors, contains a
biographical sketch of every person eminent in American civil and military
history, in law and politics, in divinity, in literature and art, in science and
in invention. Its plan embraces all the countries of North and South
America, and includes distinguished persons born abroad, but related to
American history. As events are always connected with persons, it affords
a complete compendium of American history in every branch of human
achievement. An exhaustive topical and analytical Index enables the reader
to follow the history of any subject with great readiness.
“‘Ttis the most complete volume that exists on the subject. The tone and guiding
spirit of the book are certainly very fair, and show a mind bent on a discriminate, just,
and proper treatment of its subject.â€â€”F vom the Hon. GEoRGE BANCROFT.
‘*The portraits are remarkably good. To any one interested in Amercan history
or literature, the Cyclopzedia will be indispensable.†—F rom the Hon. James RUSSELL
LowE Lt.
“The selection of names seems to be liberal and just. The portraits, so far as I can
judge, are faithful, and the biographies trustworthy.â€â€”/vom Noau Porter, D.D.,
LL. D., ex-President of Yale College.
‘A most valuable and interesting work.â€â€”F rom the Hon. WM. E. GLADSTONE.
“T have examined it with great interest and great gratification. It is a noble work,
and does enviable credit to its editors and publishers.’—F ron the Hon. Rosert C.
WIintuRop.
“‘T have carefully examined ‘ Appletons’ Cyclopzdia of American Biography,’ and
do not hesitate to commend it to favor. It is admirably adapted to use in the family
and the schools, and is so cheap as to come within the reach of all classes of readers
and students.†—F vom J. B. ForaKER, ¢x-Governor of Ohio.
‘‘ This book of American biography has come to me with a most unusual charm. It
sets before us the faces of great Americans, both men and women, and gives us a per-
spective view of their lives. Where so many noble and great have lived and wrought,
one is encouraged to believe the soil from which they sprang, the air they breathed, and
the sky over their heads, to be the best this world affords, and one says, ‘ Thank God,
I also am an American!’ We have many books of biography, but I have seen none
so ample, so clear-cut, and breathing so strongly the best spirit of our native land. No
young man or woman can fail to find among these ample pages some model worthy of
imitation,†—vom Frances E, WiLtarp, President N. W.C. T. U.
“T congratulate you on the beauty of the volume, and the thoroughness of the
work.â€â€”/7om the Rev. Puituirs Brooks, D. D.
._ “‘ Every day’s use of this admirable work confirms me in regard to its comprehen-
siveness and accuracy.†—/7v0m CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.
Price, per volume, cloth or buckram, $5.00; sheep, $6.00; half calf or h2lf mo-
rocco, $7.00. Sold only by subscription. Descriptive circular, with specimen pages,
sent on application. Agents wanted for districts not yet assigned.
New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.
D. APPLETON & CO.’S PUBLICATIONS.
‘This work marks an epoch in the history-writing
of this country.†—Sz. Louzs Post-Dispatch.
os
SN
oN ee
EA HE HOUSEHOLD AHIS-
Sal TORY OF THE UNITED
STATES AND ITS PEOPLE.
For Younc AMERICANS. By Ep-
WARD EGGLeEsTon. Richly illus-
‘ trated with 350 Drawings, 75 Maps,
COLONIAL COURT-HOUSE. etc, Square 8vo, Cloth, $2.50.
PHILADELPHIA, 1707.
FROM THE PREFACE.
The present work is meant, in the first instance, for the young—not alone
for boys and girls, but for young men and women who have yet to make
themselves familiar with the more important features of their country’s
history. By a book for the young is meant one in which the author studies to
make his statements clear and explicit, in which curious and picturesque de-
tails are inserted, and in which the writer does not neglect such anecdotes as
lend the charm of a human and personal interest to the broader facts of the
nation’s story. That history is often tiresome to the young is not so much
the fault of history as of a false method of writing by which one contrives
to relate events without sympathy or imagination, without narrative connec-
tion or animation. The attempt to master vague and general records of
kiln-dried facts is certain to beget in the ordinary reader a repulsion from
the study of history—one of the very most important of all studies for its
widening influence on general culture.
, ‘Fills a decided gap which has existed for
the past twenty years in American historical
literature. The work is admirably planned
and executed, and will at once take its place as
a standard record of the life, growth, and de-
velopment of the nation. It is profusely and
beautifully illustrated.†—Boston Transcript.
“The book in its new dress makes a much
finer appearance than
before, and will be wel-
comed by older readers
as gladly as its predeces- INDIAN’S. TRAP.
sor was greeted by girls
and boys. The lavish use the publishers have made of colored
plates, woodcuts, and photographic reproductions, gives an un-
wonted piquancy to the printed page, catching the eye as surely
as the text engages the mind.â€â€”New York Critic.
The author writes history as a story. It can ‘never be
less than that. The book will enlist the interest of young
people, enlighten their understanding, and by the glow of its
statements fix the great events of the country firmly in the
mind.â€â€”Sanx Francisco Bulletin.
GENERAL PUTNAM,
New York: D, APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.
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mods:title The Story of Columbus
mods:name type personal
mods:namePart Seelye, Elizabeth Eggleston
date 1858-
mods:role
mods:roleTerm authority marcrelator Creator
Appleton Press.
prt; elt
D. Appleton and Company.
Contributor
mods:originInfo
mods:place
mods:placeTerm text New York
mods:publisher D. Appleton and Company
mods:dateIssued 1893
mods:language
mods:languageTerm English
mods:identifier ALEPH 002237288
NOTIS ALH7772
OCLC 23777615
mods:note Frontispiece printed on colors, t.p. printed in red and black ink.
Publisher's advertisements follow text.
mods:genre Publishers' advertisements -- 1893.
mods:subject
mods:topic Columbus, Christopher -- Juvenile literature.
Voyages and travels -- Juvenile literature.
Adventure and adventurers -- Juvenile literature.
Ship captains -- Juvenile literature.
Sailing -- Juvenile literature.
Sailors -- Juvenile literature.
Seafaring life -- Juvenile literature.
Islands -- Juvenile literature.
Shipwrecks -- Juvenile literature.
Hurricanes -- Juvenile literature.
Mutiny -- Juvenile literature.
Juvenile literature. -- Discovery and exploration -- America
Bldn -- 1893.
mods:hierarchicalGeographic
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mods:state New York
mods:city New York.
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processing.instr
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UF00082002_00001.mets
METS:structMap STRUCT1 mixed
METS:div DMDID The Story of Columbus ORDER 0 main
D1 1 Front Cover
P1 Page
METS:fptr FILEID
P2 2
D2 Matter
P5
D3 3 Frontispiece
P8 i
P10 ii
D4 4 Title
P11 iii
P12 iv
D5 5 Table Contents
P13 v
P14 vi
D6 6 List Illustrations
P15 vii
P16 viii
P17 ix
P18 x
D7 7 Introduction
P19 xi
P20 xii
P21 xiii
P22 xiv
P23 xv
P24 xvi
D8 Marco Polo, 1254-1324 Chapter
P25
P26
P27
P28
P29
P30
P31
D9 Henry the navigator, 1394-1473 9
P32
P33
P34 10
P35 11
P36 12
P37 13
P38 14
P40 14a
P41 15
D10 Young Columbus, 1446-1474
P42 16
P43 17
P44 18
P45 19
P46 20
P47 21
P48 22
D11 in Portugal, 1474-1485
P49 23
P50 24
P51 25
P52 26
P53 27
P54 28
P55 29
D12 Spain, 1485-1487
P56 30
P57 31
P58 32
P59 33
P60 34
D13 begs vain, 1487-1491
P61 35
P62 36
P63 37
P64 38
P65 39
D14 A friendly monk,
P66 40
P67 41
P68 42
P69 43
P70 44
P71 45
D15 Getting ready for voyage, 1492
P72 46
P73 47
P74 48
P75 49
P76 50
D16 first voyage
P77 51
P78 52
P79 53
P80 54
P81 55
P82 56
P83 57
P84 58
D17 Land at last,
P85 59
P86 60
P87 61
P88 62
P89
P90 64
D18 Exploring West Indies,
P91 65
P92 66
P93 67
P94 68
P95 69
D19 visits Cuba,
P96 70
P97 71
P98 72
P99 73
P100 74
P101 75
D20 discovery Hayti,
P102 76
P103 77
P104 78
P105 79
P106 80
P107 80a
P109 81
D21 Wrecked,
P110
P111 83
P112 84
P113 85
P114 86
P115 87
D22 skirmish, 1493
P116 88
P117 89
P118 90
P119 91
D23 return
P120 92
P121 93
P122 94
P123 95
P124 96
D24 Land,
P125 97
P126 98
P127 99
P128 100
P129 101
P130 102
P131 103
D25 Rejoicings court,
P132 104
P133 105
P134 106
P135 107
P136 108
P137 109
D26 second
P138 110
P140 110a
P141 111
P142 112
P143 113
P144 114
P145 114a
P147 115
D27 Adventures among Caribbee Islands,
P148 116
P149
P150 118
P151 119
P152 120
D28 What had become colony,
P153
P154 122
P155 123
P156 124
P157 125
P158 126
P159 127
P160 128
P161 129
D29 infant settlement and its Indian neighbors,
P162
P163 131
P164 132
P165 133
P166
P167 135
D30 Looking gold, 1494
P168 136
P169 137
P170 138
P171
P172 140
P173 141
P174 142
P175 143
D31 Troubles
P176 144
P177 145
P178 146
P179 147
D32 discovery,
P180 148
P181 149
P182 150
P183 151
P184 152
P185 153
D33 Along coast
P186 154
P187 155
P188
P189 157
P190 158
D34 to Hispaniola,
P191 159
P192 160
P193 161
P194 162
P195 163
D35 happened colony absence
P196 164
P197 165
P198
P199 167
D36 Ojeda's adventure war that followed, 1494-1495
P200 168
P201 168a
P203 169
P204 170
P205 171
P206 172
P207 173
P208 174
D37 Trouble a new gold mine, 1495-1496
P209 175
P210 176
P211 177
P212 178
P213 178a
P215 179
D38 In 1496
P216 180
P217
P218 182
P219 183
P220 184
D39 sets sail on his third 1498
P221 185
P222 186
P223 187
P224
P225 189
D40 discovers pearls,
P226 190
P227 191
P228 192
P229 193
P230 194
P231 195
D41 while was away, 1496-1497
P232 196
P233 197
P234 198
P235 199
P236 200
P237
P238 202
P239 203
P240
D42 rebellion war, 1497-1498
P241 205
P242 206
P243 207
P244 208
P246 208a
P247 209
P248 210
D43 rebels, 1498-1499
P249 211
P250 212
P251 213
P252 214
P253 215
P254 216
P255 217
D44 king queen displeased, 1500
P256 218
P257 219
P258 220
D45 chains,
P259 221
P260 222
P261 223
P262 224
D46 lands
P263 225
P264 226
P265 227
D47 under cloud, 1500-1502
P266 228
P267 229
P268 230
P269
P270 232
P271 232a
P273 233
P274 234
D48 predicts hurricane,
P275 235
P276 236
P277
P278 238
D49 Honduras,
P279 239
P280
P281 241
P282 242
P283 243
P284 244
D50 Magic powder plates,
P285 245
P286 246
P287 246a
P289 247
P290 248
P291 249
P292 250
P293 251
D51 Back land 1502-1503
P294 252
P295 253
P296 254
P297 255
P298 256
P299 257
D52 Dealings with Quibian, 1503
P300 258
P301 259
P302 260
P303 261
P304 262
P305 263
D53 Quibian's revenge,
P306 264
P307 265
P308 266
P309 267
P310 268
D54 Stranded,
P311 269
P312 270
P313 271
P314 272
P315 273
D55 has plan,
P316 274
P317 275
P318 276
P319
D56 mutiny, 1504
P320 278
P321 279
P322 280
D57 makes use an eclipse,
P323 281
P324 282
D58 canoe,
P325 283
P326 284
P327
P328 286
P329 287
D59 small battle,
P330 288
P331 289
P332 290
P333 291
P334 292
D60 last days 1504-1506
P335 293
P336 294
P337 295
P338 296
P339 297
P340 298
P341 299
P342 300
P343 301
P344 302
P345
D61 Advertising
P347 304
P348 305
D62
P350
P351
D63 Spine
P352