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BIRTH AND
MORTALITY STATISTICS
OP TEN
VIRGIN ISLANDS
OF THE UNITED STATES
1901-1919
X
U 584 L
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMamNT PRIN G O
iUm
UNIVERSITY
OF FLORIDA
LIBRARY
THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN
MICROFILM"
BY THE UNIVF .SITY OF
FLORIDA LIBrt- ES.
ii
BIRTH AND
MORTALITY STATISTICS
OF THE
VIRGIN ISLANDS
OF THE UNITED STATES
1901-1919
his blank mul- 'e
teof birth: 25
x of child: Gii,
alive: Yes.
born:--. *
timate Yes.
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WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1920
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BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS
OF TfE
VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES.
When the Danish West India Islands in 1917 became the Vir-
gin Islands of the United States, births and deaths were registered
m accordance with laws similar to those in force in Denmark.
The law concerning the registration of births provided-
That every birth, including stillbirths after the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy,
shall be reported to the police office having jurisdiction over the place where the birth
occurred within 48 hours after the birth (in the country districts of St. Croix on or be-
fore the first Saturday after the birth); that the duty of making the report rests upon
the father if he is present at the birth and the child is legitimate, otherwise upon the
mother, and the person from whom she has rented a dwelling or with whom she is
living in the house, shall be bound to make the report for her; and if the mother dies
said person shall also be responsible for the report being made; that in towns and
suburbs these persons shall make the report directly to the police department, but in
the country districts to the owner, manager, or overseer of the estate where the birth
occurred, and said owner, manager, or overseer shall then make the report to the po-
lice department; that in government institutions the superintendent or other person
in charge shall make the report; that the report shall be made on forms edited by the
Government and supplied by the police department, which forms shall contain infor-
mation in regard to date of birth, sex of child, whether the child is living or stillborn,
and whether legitimate or illegitimate: if legitimate the name, residence, occupation.
age, and religion of both parents, and if illegitimate the name, residence, occupation,
age and religion of the mother only; and finally the name of the midwife.
A report of this kind is shown below.
REPORT OF BIRTH FOR ST. THOMAS.
(Ordinance of 9th March, 1906.)
lust be filled up correctly and delivered to the police office within 48 hours after the birth.)
I': ... ih: 25 of March 1916.
-. :. Id: Girl.
:.. :i iv : Yes.
n i1 ate: .
.., -'iniate: Yes.
Namc-: m Sj Beatrice Harrigan.
Residence: ilkegade N-
Occ nation: S ..............................................
Occupation: P N gg Seamstress.
..............................................
Age: 2.
.. .. :ti' .. .. ...........-- - .- .- -.. ........
Religion: Moravian.
Name of attending midwife: Mrs. C. A. Hansen.
Signed by C. A. Hansen.
(Pesition.)
3
7Q2Y F2
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
The law imposed "fines of from 50 cents to 5 West Indian dollars
for each instance of neglect to make the reports, with additional
fines, according to the circumstances, of from 50 cents to 5 West
Indian dollars for every week that the report was delayed."
This law had been in effect in St. Croix since 1887, and in St.
Thomas and St. John since 1906.
In addition to this, there were laws providing that all children
must be baptized or named within a year after their birth, and that
the different religious congregations must keep a parochial register
of all baptisms performed by them and report such baptisms every
three months to the Government on forms issued for that purpose.
These quarterly reports of baptisms contained practically the same
data as the reports of births and in addition the name of the child.
From the information obtained through the reports of births the
police department kept the birth registers, leather-bound ledgers in
which the data of the birth reports were transcribed. In St. Thomas
these registers had in addition a column for the name of the child as
given in the quarterly reports of baptisms.
This system of birth registration had at least two serious defects:
The duty of reporting the birth was placed upon so many members
of the community that no practicable system of ascertaining whether
all births were being reported except an actual house-to-house census
could be applied. It is probable, however, that, due to the strict en-
forcement of the law, more than 90 per cent of the births, some
years probably 100 per cent, were registered.
The birth register was at its best a copy and as such only fairly
reliable. The original reports were considered valueless and used
for scrap paper and toilet paper. In the St. Thomas police office
the reports were saved from such disgrace, however, through the
orderly habits of the clerk who kept the birth register. The full
benefits of birth registration to the individual citizen were thus not
available. The best record of his birth obtainable was a copy of a
copy or of the baptismal record in the parochial registers.
The registration of deaths was provided for in an ordinance of
February 26, 190S, which ordinance may be of sufficient interest to
quote. It reads:
PETER CARL LIMPRICHT.
Acting Vice Governor of the Danish West India Islands, Knight of Dannebrog.
lfakes Known. On the most submissive representation of the ministry of finances
his Majesty the King was most graciously pleased by resolution of 17th ultimo to
sanction the following ordinance concerning corpse inspection in the Danish.West
India Islands passed at '3d discussion in the colonial councils for St. Croix and for
St. Thomas and St. Jan, respectively, on the 30th September and the 31st
October, 1907.
SECTIox 1. Before corpse inspection has taken place and a certificate of death has
been issued in accordance with the rules given in the present ordinance, no corpse
must be buried, neither must the coffin be closed, nor must the corpse be removed
for any considerable distance without the permission of the police master, and if the
death has been sudden (without preceding death struggles), the corpse must be
constantly watched.
A corpse must not be removed from the spot where death took place until at least
2 hours have elapsed after death, unless special circumstances should make removal
necessary.
SEC. 2. It is the duty of the sexton concerned (in St. Jan the quarter officer) to see
that no corpse is buried in any cemetery or churchyard before a proper ceritficate of
death has been issued.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 5
If the burial takes place elsewhere than in a cemetery or churchyard, the aforesaid
duty rests on the clergyman, who conducts the funeral, or, if the funeral takes place
without the presence of any clergyman, then on the owner of the property where the
funeral takes place, or when the owner does not live on the property then on the man-
ager or overseer.
SEC. 3. In the town corpse inspection shall be undertaken by an authorized phy-
sician. Likewise at the public hospitals and other institutions for the sick, corpse
inspection shall be undertaken by the physicians appointed for these institutions
regardless of whether they may be situated outside a town.
In the country district of St. Croix, corpse inspection otherwise shall be undertaken
by two gendarmes.
In the country district of St. Thomas and in St. Jan, corpse inspection shall be carried
out by the quarter officer, and in his absence by another quarter officer.
The police master concerned, the relatives of the deceased, or other rightly concerned
persons are, however, in all cases at liberty to decide that the inspection of the corpse
shall be made by a physician.
For stillborn children the corpse inspection, both in the towns and in the country,
is to be made by the midwife, who is called and was present at the birth.
SEC. 4. With regard to corpse inspection in the towns, every authorized physician
residing in the town concerned is bound to make the inspection at the request of the
relatives of the deceased or other persons rightly concerned. The duty, however,
first rests on the physician who has attended the deceased in his last illness; when this
physician has a lawful hindrance or when the deceased has not been attended by any
physician, the duty rests first on the public physicians.
Regardless of the fact that the duty to inspect a corpse rests in accordance with
the foregoing rules on a certain physician, it is at all times open to the relatives of
the deceased, or to other persons properly concerned, to have the inspection made
by any physician whom they may be able to induce to undertake it.
SEC. 5. In the country districts the public physicians are bound, at the request of
the relatives of the deceased or other persons rightly concerned, to undertake corpse
inspection at any place within their jurisdiction.
SEC. 6. Corpse inspection can only be undertaken in full daylight, and, if it is not
undertaken by a physician or a midwife, must not be held until 6 hours have elapsed
since the death, unless unmistakable signs of decomposition have previously appeared.
Exceptions to this rule can only be made in accordance with the regulations in force
concerning infectious and epidemic diseases, and in cases where further orders may
be given by the Government.
SEC. 7. After a corpse inspection has been made a certificate of death is to be-issued
by the person or persons who have made the inspection. The certificate is to be drawn
up on the form prescribed by the Government printedd blank forms can be had on
application free of charge); it is to be filled in in duplicate, one copy being given to
the person who has requested the inspection to be made and the other being sent in,
within 48 hours of the inspection, to the police master concerned. The latter is to
forward a copy of the certificate to the office of landphysicus.
SEC. 8. The Government shall have instructions drawn up containing a description
of the most important signs of death, which can be used by laymen, and directions
for their use; also other elucidations, which may be useful in corpse inspection.
The instructions shall be printed, and, along with a copy of this ordinance, shall be
supplied gratis to every layman who undertakes corpse inspection. Landphysicus
and the public physicians are bound, on application, to furnish such further ex-
planations as under the circumstances may be necessary in regard to the use of the
instructions.
SEC. 9. If during the inspection of a corpse a suspicion arises, that the cause of death
deserves the attention of the judicial authorities, the person or persons who have
undertaken the inspection, shall, without delay, make a report of the case to the
police master; the certificate of death must not then be given until the police master
has made known that there is no objection thereto on his part.
In case of suicide, as well as when a corpse drifts ashore, a person or a fetus is
found dead, or when people are killed by an unfortunate accident, then, and when
otherwise an examination from the side of the public is called for on the occasion of a
death, the corpse must not be buried before it has been examined by the police master,
in conjunction with landphysicus or when the latter is prevented from attending,
then one of the public physicians, nor before the certificate of death given by the
physician has been furnished with a note by the police master, that there is nothing
on the part of the public to prevent the burial taking place.
In other cases of sudden death the inspection of the corpse must always be made
by a physician, who must be called as soon as possible by those on whom the duty
6 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
rests of having corpse inspection made in regard to the deceased. Further it is in-
cumbent on those concerned under penalty of law to use every means for the restora-
tion of life when such may still be possible, by calling a physician, or by seeking the
aid of other persons, when that of a physician can not be immediately had.
In St. Jan, however, the police master may, in the above-mentioned cases, order a
corpse to be buried without previous inspection by a physician, if circumstances
should not allow of a physician's timely presence.
SEC. 10. Transgressions of this ordinance shall be punished with fines not exceeding
200 francs, or imprisonment, unless the transgression should from its nature incur a
greater punishment.
Cases concerning such transgressions that only are punishable according to this
ordinance are treated as public police suits.
SEC. 11. For making a corpse inspection and issuing a certificate of death, there
shall be paid 2 free. 50 bit, which shall be defrayed by the public. When the corpse
inspection is made by gendarmes the payment shall be divided equally between
them.
When a corpse inspection is made outside the towns with their suburbs by a physi-
cian there is due to him also the regulation amount of travelling expenses, which is
to be paid by the person calling for the inspection; physicians are not, however, en-
titled to travelling expenses for corpse inspections made at the institutions for the
sick to which they have been appointed as physicians.
For the certificate concerning a stillborn child, which is given by a midwife, no
payment is required.
SEC. 12. This ordinance comes into force 3 months after having received royal sanc-
tion.
To which all concerned have to conform.
Government of the Danish West India Islands, St. Croix, the 26th February, 1908.
Under my hand and the seal of Government.
[L. s.] LIMPRICHT, F. V. G.
BAUaANN, est.
This law had adequate provisions to insure the notification of
the police department of all deaths, and this and a certification that
the person was dead before buried were evidently the main objects
of the law. It is likely that these objects were attained in every
case of death, 100 per cent being recorded and no one buried alive.
A medical certificate of death was not considered essential. A
statement of the cause of death or supposed cause of death was
called for on the blank form for the death certificate, but did not
necessarily have to be given. It was not infrequently entirely
omitted, and frequently stated in ill-defined terms. An average
of 14 per cent of the certificates were issued by the so-called corpse
inspectors, gendarmes, or rural policemen, and their statement
of the cause of death was necessarily wholly unreliable. Below is
shown a certificate issued by a physician and one issued by a corpse
inspector.
CERTIFICATE OF DEATH ISSUED BY A PHYSICIAN.
Name in full: Charlerey Jacquet. Age: 74.
Sex: Male. Color: Black. Occupation: Mattress-maker.
Residence, outside of hospital: Leukojstrade 15.
Married or unmarried, widow or widower: Widower.
Birthplace: Guadeloupe. If born abroad, how long here: Probably about 50 years.
If child state name and occupation of parents (mother)...........................
and whether legitimate or illegitimate...................
If infant, state whether full term or prematurely born..........................
Date of death: 1/611917.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 7
Cause of death:
(a) In case the physician has attended the person in question-
1. Principal disease and essential complications .....................
2. Duration of principal disease .....................................
3. Final cause of death.............................................
(b) In case the physician has not attended the person in question-
1. Supposed cause of death: Pellagra.
2. Duration of disease, if known: 3 Md.
Signs of death: Dodsstifhed, ophor afaandedrat & hjartevirksomhed.
I hereby declare, that I have personally inspected the corpse of Charlerey Jacquet
and found the above indubitable signs of death.
St. Thomas the 1st June 1917.
189. V. A. CHRISTENSEN.
CERTIFICATE OF DEATH ISSUED BY CORPSE INSPECTORS
Full name: Lovel Francis.
Year of age (completed): 6 months.
Situation:.......................................................................
Unmarried, married, widower, widow:.......................................
Residence: Allno.
Date of death: 6 March 1917.
Supposed cause of death: Bowel.
SIGNS OF DEATH.
1. Is there death scent?
2. Is there rigor mortis?
3. Is there breaking of the eyes?
4. Are there cadaveric spots?
5. Is there green discolouring?
6. Are there signs of further advanced putrefaction?
St. Thomas the 6 March, 1917.
The undersigned declare hereby, that we ourselves have inspected the corpse ot
Lovel Francis and have found present the following sure and undoubted signs of
real death: Rigor mortis.
081. J. W. BOSCHULTE.
No systematic compilation of statistics was made, but a few figures
in regard to the annual birth and death rates and infant mortality
were obtained by the chief government physician for his annual
report to the public health department in Denmark.
In May, 1918, the medical aid to the governor suggested that steps
be taken to better provide for the registration of births and deaths
and submitted a bill for this purpose. This bill had been modeled
after what is known as the "model law" as closely as the local
conditions permitted. After some changes had been made at the
suggestion of the legal aid to the governor, the bill was introduced
in the two colonial councils, the legislative assemblies of the islands.
It passed the colonial council St. Thomas-St. John on October 4,
1918, without essential change. In the colonial council St. Croix
the bill did not meet with the same success. It passed not until
June 24, 1919, and had then been redrafted by a council committee,
and changes had been made which were undesirable particularly for
the registration of deaths. These defects have been corrected and
the law made uniform for the two municipalities in the draft included
in the new code of laws now before the colonial councils. It appears
that this draft will pass unchanged and become the law governing
vital statistics in the Virgin Islands. This law differs from the
"model law" and the laws in the registration area of the United
States in some important points and contains some additional pro-
8 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
visions which may be of general interest to registrars of births and
deaths. It reads:
SECTION 1. The director of health shall have charge of the registration of births and
deaths; he shall prepare the necessary instructions, forms, and blanks for obtaining
and preserving such records and shall procure the faithful registration of the same.
SEC. 2. The director is hereby authorized to designate and define registration
districts; to appoint registrars as may be necessary or desirable, and similarly to
appoint deputy registrars.
SEC. 3. The body of any person whose death occurs in the Virgin Islands, or which
shall be found dead therein, shall not be interred, deposited in a vault or tomb, cre-
mated, or otherwise disposed of or removed from or into any registration district
thereof, or temporarily be held pending further disposition more than twenty-four
hours after death, unless a permit for burial, removal, or other disposition thereof
shall have been properly issued by the registrar of the registration district in which
the death occurred or the body was found. And no such burial or removal permit
shall be issued by any such registrar until, whenever practicable2 a complete and
satisfactory certificate of death has been filed with him as hereinafter provided:
Provided, That when a dead body is transported to the Virgin Islands for burial,
the transit or removal permit, issued in accordance with the law and health regulations
of the place where the death occurred, shall be accepted by the registrar of the dis-
trict into which the body has been transported for burial or other disposition as a basis
upon which he may issue a local burial permit; and the registrar shall note upon the
face of the burial permit that the body was shipped in for interment and shall also
note thereon the place of death, and no registrar shall receive any fee for the issuance
of burial or removal permits under this chapter.
SEC. 4. (a) The certificate of death shall at least contain the items of the standard
certificate of death approved and adopted by the United States Bureau of the Census.
(b) The personal and statistical particulars shall be authenticated by the signature
of the informant, who may be any competent person acquainted with the facts. The
statement of facts relating to the disposition of the body shall be signed by the under-
taker or person acting as such.
SEC. 5. (a) The medical certificate of death shall be made and signed by the
legally qualified physician, if any, last in attendance upon the deceased.
(b) In case of any death occurring without a physician's attendance, it shall be
the duty of the undertaker, or person acting as such, to notify the registrar of such
death, and when so notified the registrar shall refer the case to the chief municipal
physician of the district, or the municipal physician delegated for that purpose by
the chief municipal physician, who shall make and sign the medical certificate of
death.
(c) Whenever the registrar or the physician whose duty it is to accomplish the
medical certificate of death has reason to believe that the death may have been due
to some cause which under the law is subject to investigation by the coroner, the death
shall then be referred to the coroner for his investigation. The chief municipal
physician, or a physician deputed by him, shall be present at the coroner's inquest,
and the medical certificate of death shall be made and signed by such coroner's
physician.
(d) The medical certificate of death shall state the cause of death, so as to show the
course of disease or sequence of causes resulting in the death, and only statements
declared by the director to be reliable statements of cause of death shall be held
sufficient for the issuance of a burial or removal permit. If death was caused by
violence, the means of injury shall be stated, and whether (probably) accidental,
suicidal, or homicidal.
SEC. 6. The director may perform, or cause to be performed, a post-mortem examina-
tion in any case where the cause of death can not otherwise be definitely determined
or in cases where there are reasons to believe that death may have been due to a dis-
ease, the knowledge of which gained by such post-mortem examination would be of
importance in guarding the health of the community: Provided, That no such post-
mortem examination shall be performed without first obtaining the consent for the
same to be performed from the personal representative of the deceased; unless there
be reasonable grounds to believe that such deceased died as a result of an illegal act
or from a quarantinable disease, in which case the coroner may give necessary consent.
SEC. 7. The registrar, or his deputy, shall obtain the required personal and sta-
tistical particulars from the person best qualified to sEpply them, over the signature
and address of his informant. He shall then see that the necessary medical certificate
of the cause of death is properly accomplished and that the other particulars necessary
to complete the record are entered. He shall then cause the undertaker, or person
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 9
acting as such, to indorse upon the record and over his signature and address the date
and place of removal or bunal, and shall then issue to the undertaker, or person acting
as such, the permit for burial, removal, or other disposition of the body. The under-
taker, or person acting as such, shall deliver the burial permit to the person in charge
of the place of burial before interring or otherwise disposing of the body, or shall attach
the removal permit to the box containing the corpse, when shipped by any common
carrier, said permit to accompany the corpse to its destination, where, if within the
Virgin Islands, it shall be delivered to the person in charge of the place of burial.
SEC. 8. If the interment or other disposition of the body is to be made within the
Virgin Islands, the wording of the burial or removal permit may be limited to a state-
ment by the registrar, and over his signature, that a satisfactory certificate of death
having been filed by him, as required by law, permission is granted to inter, remove,
or dispose otherwise of the body, stating the name, age, sex, cause of death, and other
necessary details upon the form prescribed by the director.
SEC. 9. No person in charge of any premises on which interments are made shall
inter or permit the interment or other disposition of any dead human body unless it is
accompanied by a burial or removal permit as herein provided. And such person
shall indorse upon the permit the date of the interment, over his signature, and shall
return all permits so indorsed to the registrar of his district within five days from
the date of interment. He shall keep a record of all bodies interred or otherwise
disposed of on the premises under his charge, in each case stating the name of each
deceased person, place of death, date of burial or disposal, and name and address of
undertaker, which record shall at all times be open to official inspection, provided that
the undertaker, or person acting as such, when burying a body in a cemetery or burial
ground having no person in charge shall sign the burial or removal permit, giving the
date of burial, and shall write across the face of the permit the words "No person in
charge," and file the burial or removal permit within five days with the registrar of
the district in which the cemetery is located.
SEC. 10. (a) That the birth of each and every child born in the Virgin Islands shall
be registered in the districts in which they occur within ten days after the date of
birth as hereinafter provided.
(b) In each case where a physician, midwife, or person acting as midwife, was in
attendance upon the birth, it shall be the duty of such physician, midwife, or person
acting as midwife, to file in accordance herewith the certificate herein provided.
(c) In each case where there was no physician, midwife, or person acting as mid-
wife, in attendance upon the birth, it shall be the duty of the father or mother of
the child, the householder or owner of the premises where the birth occurred, or the
manager or superintendent of the public or private institution where the birth occurred,
each in the order named, within ten days after the date of such birth to report to the
registrar the fact of such birth. In such case and in case the physician, midwife, or
person acting as midwife, in attendance upon the birth is unable, by diligent inquiry,
to obtain any item or items of information required for the certificate of birth herein
contemplated, it shall then be the duty of the registrar to secure from the person so
reporting, or from any other person having the required knowledge, such information as
will enable him to properly prepare the certificate of birth herein provided, and it shall
be the duty of the person reporting the birth, or who may be interrogated in relation
thereto, to answer correctly and to the best of his knowledge all questions put to him
by the registrar which may be calculated to elicit any information needed to make a
complete record of the birth herein provided, and it shall be the duty of the informant
as to any statement made in accordance herewith to verify such statement by his
signature when requested to do so by the registrar.
SEC. 11. The certificate of birth shall contain at least the items of the standard
certificate of birth approved by the United States Bureau of the Census: Provided,
That no illegitimate child shall be given the surname of the father or reputed father,
or any name derived from any of the father's or reputed father's names, without the
said father's or reputed father's written consent.
SEC. 12. (a) When any certificate of birth of a living child is presented without the
statement of the given name, then the registrar shall make out and deliver to the
parents of the child a special blank for the supplemental report of the given name of
the child, which shall be filled out as directed and returned to the registrar as soon
as the child has been named, and not later than six months after the birth.
(b) No minister or other official shall baptize a child born within the Virgin Islands
without first having obtained from the registrar a special supplemental report to prevent
discrepancies between the name of the child given on the certificate of birth and the
name given at baptism, which report shall be filled out and returned as required by the
director: Provided, That such minister or official in cases where there be reason to
10 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
believe that a child might die before such supplemental report can be obtained, or for
other reason be deprived of baptism, may baptize the child without first having
obtained said supplemental report, but shall then obtain and fill out such supplemen-
tal report without undue delay, and not later than 10 days after such baptism.
SEC. 13. A stillborn child sliall be registered as a stillbirth and a certificate of still-
birth shall be filed in the same manner as required for a certificate of death, and a
burial or removal permit of the form prescribed by the director shall be required:
Provided, That a certificate of stillbirth shall not be required for a child that has not
advanced to the fifth month of uterogestation. The certificate of stillbirth shall con-
tain the statistical particulars required on certificates of birth, and a statement of the
cause of stillbirth, if known, and the period of uterogestation, in months, made and
signed by the attending physician, if any. Stillbirths occurring without attend-
ance of physician shall be treated as deaths without medical attendance, as herein
provided.
SEC. 14. (a) The director shall prepare, print, and supply to all registrars all blanks
and forms used in registering, recording, and preserving the returns, or in otherwise
carrying out the purpose of this- chapter; and shall prepare and issue such detailed
instructions as may be required to procure the uniform observance of its provisions
and the maintenance of a perfect system of registration; and no other blanks shall be
used than those supplied by the director. He shall carefully examine the certificates
received monthly from the registrars, and if any be incomplete or unsatisfactory he
shall require such further information to be supplied as may be necessary to make the
record complete and satisfactory. All physicians, midwives, informants, or under-
takers, and all other persons having knowledge of the facts, are hereby required to
supply the same, upon a form provided by the director, in person, by mail, or through
the registrar: Provided, That no certificate of birth or death, after its acceptance by
the registrar for registration and no other record made in pursuance of this chapter
shall be altered or changed in any respect otherwise than by amendments properly
dated, signed and witnessed. The director shall further arrange, bind, and permanently
preserve the certificates in a systematic manner, and shall prepare and maintain a
comprehensive and continuous card index of all births and deaths registered, said
index to be arranged alphabetically, in the case of deaths by the names of decedents,
and in the case of births, by the names of fathers and mothers. He shall inform all
registrars what diseases are to be considered infectious, contagious, or communicable
and dangerous to the public health, and shall prescribe the measures necessary to pre-
vent their spread by the body of the deceased.
(b) If any cemetery, company or association, or any church or historical scoiety or
association, or any other company, society or association or any individual, is in pos-
session of any record of births or deaths which may be of value in establishing the
genealogy of any resident of this municipality, such company, society, association or
individual may file such record or a duly authenticated transcript thereof with the
director, and it shall be his duty to preserve such record or transcript and to make a
record and index thereof in such form as to facilitate the finding of any information
contained therein. Such record and index shall be open to inspection by the public,
subject to such reasonable conditions as the director may prescribe.
SEC. 15. (a) Each registrar shall supply blank forms of certificates to such person
as require them. Each registrar shall carefully examine each certificate of birth
death or stillbirth when presented for record in order to ascertain whether or not it
has been made out in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the instruc-
tions of the director, and if any certificate of birth, death or stillbirth is incomplete
or unsatisfactory, it shall be his duty to call attention to the defects in the return, and
to withhold the burial or removal permit until such defects are corrected. All certifi-
cates either of birth, death or stillbirth shall be written legibly, in durable black
ink, and no certificate shall be held to be complete and correct that does not supply
all of the items of information called for therein or satisfactorily account for their
omission.
(b) If a certificate of birth is incomplete, the registrar shall immediately notify the
informant, and require him to supply the missing items of information if they can be
obtained. He shall number consecutively the certificates of birth, death and still-
birth in three separate series, beginning with number one for the first birth and first
death and first stillbirth in each calendar year, and sign his name as registrar in attest
of the date of filing in his office. He shall also make a complete and accurate copy of
each birth and each death and each stillbirth certificate registered by him in such
manner as the director may prescribe to be preserved permanently in his office as the
local record, in such manner as directed by the director. And he shall on the tenth day
of each month transmit to the director all original certificates registered by him for
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 11
the preceding month. And if no births or no deaths or no stillbirths occurred in any
month, he shall, on the tenth day of the following month, report that fact to the direc-
tor on a card provided for such purpose.
SEC. 16. The director shall upon request, supply to any applicant a certified copy
of the record of any birth or death registered under the provisions of this chapter, for
the making and certification of which a fee of 50 cents shall be paid by the applicant.
Any such copy of the record of birth or death, when properly certified by the director
shall be prima facie evidence in all courts and places of the facts therein stated. For
any search of the files and records when no certified copy is made, a fee of 50 cents for
each hour or fractional part of any hour of time of search, shall be paid by the applicant.
And the director shall keep a true and correct account of all fees by him received
under these provisions and turn the same over to the treasury: Provided, That the
director shall, upon request of any parent or guardian, supply, without fee, a certifi-
cate limited to a statement as to the date of birth of any child when the same shall be
necessary for admission to school, or for the purpose of securing employment: Pro-
videdfurther, That the United States Census Bureau and any office or official of these
islands, may, in the discretion of the governor, be furnished, for official use only,
transcripts of certified copies of births and deaths without payment of the fees herein
prescribed.
SEC. 17. Any person, who for himself or as an agent, officer, or employee of any other
person, or of any corporation or partnership, or other association of any character (a)
shall inter, cremate, or otherwise finally dispose of the dead body of a human being,
or permit the same to be done, or shall remove said body from the registration district
in which the death occurred or the body was found, without the authority of a burial
or removal permit issued by the registrar of the district in which the death occurred
or in which the body was found; or (b) shall refuse or fail to furnish correctly any in-
formation in his possession or shall furnish false information affecting any certificate
or record, required by this chapter; or (c) shall willfully alter otherwise than is provided
by the section next preceding of this chapter, or shall falsify any certificate of birth or
death, or any record established by this chapter; or (d) being requiredin accordance
with this chapter to fill out a certificate of birth, death or stillbirth and file the same
with the registrar, or deliver it upon request, to any person charged with the duty of
filing the same, shall fail, neglect, or refuse to perform such duty in the manner re-
quired by this chapter; or (e) being a registrar or deputy registrar shall fail, neglect, or
refuse to perform his duty as required by this chapter, and by the instructions and direc-
tions of the director thereunder, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor: Provided,
That compliance with this chapter shall constitute a condition in the granting of
licenses to physicians, midwives, undertakers and embalmers, and that any violation
of this chapter by such persons shall be considered cause for revoking of licenses.
SEC. 18. (a) Each registrar is hereby charged with the strict and thorough enforce-
ment of the provisions of this chapter, in his registration district, and under the
supervision and direction of the director. And he shall make an immediate report to
the director of any violation of this chapter, coming to his knowledge, by observation
or upon complaint of any person, or otherwise.
(b) The director is hereby charged with the thorough and efficient execution of the
provisions of this chapter throughout the Virgin Islands of the United States and is
hereby granted supervisory power over registrars and deputy registrars, to the end that
all its requirements shall be uniformly complied with. The director, either person-
ally or by an accredited representative, shall have authority to investigate cases of
irregularity or violation of this chapter, and all registrars shall aid him, upon request,
in such investigations. When he shall deem it necessary he shall report cases of
violation of any of the provisions of this chapter to the proper prosecuting official
with a statement of the facts and circumstances; and when any such case is reported
to him by the director the prosecuting official shall forthwith initiate and promptly
follow up the necessary court proceedings against the person or corporation respon-
sible for alleged violation.
It may be noted, first of all, that no provision is made for the compen-
sation of registrars. The "model law" provides, "that each local regis-
trar shall be paid the sum of 25 cents for each birth certificate and each
death certificate properly and completely made out and registered with
him and correctly recorded and promptly returned by him," and this
provision is considered to be one of the principal means of stimu-
lating and maintaining accuracy and efficiency among the local reg-
istrars. The depleted municipal treasuries of the Virgin Islands
12 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
did not permit this expenditure. In order then to have the neces"
sary control over the registrars, officials in the department of health
were appointed registrars, with the duties of registrars in addition to
their principal duty. The chief clerks of the municipal hospitals
were found to be eminently suitable for this work. This placed the
registration in the centers of the medical activities and in the very
place where more than one-third of the births and deaths occurred,
and where the medical histories of the population were made and
filed. These registrars were found to take particular interest in this
part of their duties and so far the registration has checked up in all
important particulars with the medical histories, reports by municipal
midwives and physicians, and with baptismal reports.
Attention is further called to section 5 (d), providing that "* *
only statements declared by the director of health to be reliable state-
ments of cause of death shall be held sufficient for the issuance of a
burial or removal permit." The "model law" puts this in a negative
form, providing that "indefinite and unsatisfactory terms, denoting
only symptoms of disease or conditions resulting from disease, will
not be held sufficient for the issuance of a burial or removal permit;
and any certificate containing only such terms, as defined by the state
registrar, shall be returned to the physician or person making the
medical certificate for correction and more definite statement."
To execute this provision, the state registrars would compile a list
of indefinite and unsatisfactory terms frequently used by physicians
in stating the cause of death and issue instructions requesting phy-
sicians to avoid the use of these terms and advise the local registrars
what further information would be required to properly classify the
death in case these indefinite terms were used. A page from instruc-
tions of this kind is shown below.
LOCAL REGISTRARS' MANUAL.
Indefinite terms used in report- Further information required for proper classification.
ing deaths.
Carbuncle................ Was this anthrax or malignant pustule? Was it caused
by diabetes?
Carcinoma .............. What organ or part of the body did the carcinoma affect?
Cardiac asthma.......... Name the form of heart disease causing death.
Cardiac asthenia ......... These returns are generally equivalent to "heart failure,'
Cardiac debility ........... return which should never be made nor accepted.
Cardiac failure............ See "Heart failure."
Cardiac weakness.........
Caries..................... State location and cause. Was it tuberculous?
Casualty ................ Give nature of accident.
Catarrh ................ An unsatisfactory statement. Give location and prefer-
ably make a proper statement of disease causing death.
Catarrh of bowel........ Was this diarrhea or enteritis?
Was this acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchopneumonia,
or pulmonary tuberculosis?
Catarrh of lungs..........
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 13
Local Registrars' Manual-Continued.
Indefinite terms used in report- Further information required for proper classification.
ing deaths.
Catarrh of stomach........ Very indefinite and frequently secondary to other dis-
eases. Name disease causing death.
Cellulitis................ Give location and cause. Was it erysipelas? Was it
puerperal or traumatic?
Cerebral coma............ "Coma" is necessarily cerebral as resulting from inter-
ference with the functions of the brain, but the cause
of it may vary widely. Was it from cerebral hemor-
rhage, Bright's disease, etc.? Was it due to violence?
If so, give nature of accident.
If this system is thoroughly enforced the local registrars will
undoubtedly prevent many medical certificates from being disgrace-
fully placed in the last class of the International List of Causes of
Death, Class XIV-Ill-Defined Diseases, but since it is not likely
that the list of unsatisfactory terms is complete at any time, many
death certificates having an ill-defined disease as cause of death are
registered by the local registrars. Some of these may be returned for
correction by the State registrars,' but many are permanently filed,
as shown by the Bureau of the Census mortality statistics, which in
1916 placed 10,852 from the registration area in the class, "Ill-
defined diseases."
If the physicians and the local registrars could be given a list of
statements of cause of death considered reliable instead of a list of
those considered unreliable, there would be no reason for the regis-
tration of death certificates with unsatisfactory medical certificates,
except neglect or inefficiency on the part of tnose executing the law.
When the new law went into effect in the Virgin Islands, such list
existed in the department of health in the form of a nomenclature of
diseases and conditions in which all titles were classified in their
reliability as statements of cause of death. They were divided into
seven classes, as follows:
Class I.-Reliable statement of cause of death without autopsy.
Class II.-Unreliable statement of cause of death unless verified by autopsy.
Class III.-Unreliable statement of cause of death unless verified by autopsy
or operation.
Class IV.-Unreliable statement of cause of death unless verified by autopsy
or confirmatory laboratory tests.
Class V.-Unreliable statement of cause of death unless verified by autopsy or
by finding of etiological organism.
Class VI.-Unreliable statement of cause of death unless supported by a state-
ment of conditions adequate to cause death as contributory cause of death
or a statement showing the process through which the death occurred.
Class VII.-Inadequate statement of cause of death, and not to be used as
statement for primary cause of death.
A page of this nomenclature is here shown.
14 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASES AND CONDITIONS.
INFECTIVE DISEASES--continued.
Reliabil
Interna- as stat
tional No. causefo
death.
54 VI
17 I
4 V
3A IV
6 I
11 I
19 VI
145C VI
19 VI
92 I
23 V
3B V
47 VI
47 VII
19 I
7 I
107 V
122 i V
20 VII
e-
St
Kala azar.
Leprosy.
Malaria.
Malta fever.
Measles.
.Miliary fever.
Mumps.
Oriental sore.
Pappataci fever.
Pneumonia, lobar.
Rabies.
Relapsing fever ...............................
Rheumatic fevdr, acute. (state type.)
Rheumatic fever, subacute.
Rocky mountain spotted fever.
Scarlet fever.
Schistosomiasis, intestinal.
Schistosomiasis, urinary.
Septicemia.
Physicians and registrars were advised that only statements of
cause of death that furnished the data indicated in this nomenclature
would be considered reliable. Exceptions to this were granted only
when it was impossible for the physician to obtain the data required,
as, e. g., when an autopsy was refused; but in such case, a statement
had to be made on the certificate of death to show the reason why the
statement of cause of death could not be made of the reliability
required in the nomenclature.
This system gave the desired result. All certificates of deaths
returned by the local registrars had a reliable statement of cause of
death. The mortality statistics of 1919 for St. Thomas and St. John,
where the law had been in effect the whole year, consequently have
no deaths in "Class XIV-Ill-defined diseases." (See Table 6.)
In St. Croix this favorable condition will not obtain until the
revised law now before the council is passed. As previously stated,
the council committee made some undesirable changes in the bill
proposed. One of these provided that the statement of cause of
death may even be omitted if the word "natural" is entered. The
result was that during the six months of 1919 when the law was in
effect, the death certificates piled into the class of ill-defined diseases
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 15
at the rate of 295.3 per 100,000, a deplorable condition, ten times
worse than in the registration area of the United States.
Another feature of the law worthy of comment is contained in
section 12 (b), which was inserted by the council committee in St.
Thomas for the purpose of preventing discrepancies between the
records of children's names on certificates of births and in records of
baptism. The need of such procedure arises from the custom of
associating baptism with naming of children, and a tendency on the
part of parents to consider any name given before baptism as subject
to change without notice to registrars or any other government
official. A "Supplemental report of birth-Report of baptism" (see
below) as provided for in this law does not only prevent discrepancies
in the names on the birth and the baptismal certificates, but consti-
tutes an important check on the thoroughness of the registration.
It must be remembered, however, that not all children are baptized,
and that it may happen that the child without a birth certificate
may also be the unbaptized child.
VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF BIRTH-BEPORT OF BAPTISM.
1. PLACE OF BIRTH.
Island.................... ................ 3. REGISTERED NO...........
Village or Estate......................... 4. Registration District of...............
STown.......................... .... ...... .... ......... ............... .Street.
(If birth occurred in hospital or institution give its name instead of street and number.)
S 2. FULL NAME OF CHILD....................................
S(Given name.) (Surname.)
5. Sex of child 6. Twin,| 1 7. Number 11. I hereby certify that the child described
Striplet, and in order herein was baptized this date with the
Sor other J of birth. name of
S 8. Datebirth ....................... .... .........................9..............
(Month.) (Day.) (Year.) (Given name in full.) (Surname.)
9. Full name
of father.................................. 12. Date........19 .... Signed..............
Sci (Given name.) (Surname.)
S10. Full maiden name 13. ....................
of mother............ ...........--- (Name of church.) (Denomination.)
(Given name.) (Surname.)
Items 1 to 10 to be filled in by Registrar. Items 11 to 13 to be filled in by official performing
the baptism.
Reverse side of above form:
The law in the Virgin Islands of the United States provides:
"No minister or other official shall baptize a child born within the Virgin Islands without first having
obtained from the registrar a special supplemental report to prevent discrepancies between the name of
the child given on the certificate of birth and the name given at baptism, which report shall be filled out
and returned as required by the director of health: Provided, That such minister or official in cases where
there be reason to believe that a child might die before such supplemental report can be obtained, or for
other reason be deprived of baptism, may baptize the child without first having obtained said supplemental
report, but shall then obtain and fill out such supplemental report without undue delay and not later
than 10 days after such baptism."
Further, "That no illegitimate child shall be given the surname of the father or reputed father or any
name derived from any of the father s or reputed father's names without said father's or reputed father's
written consent."
If the name of an illegitimate child is changed at baptism, the father's written consent for such change
shall first be obtained below.
16 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
I do hereby certify that the name of the child described on the reverse side of this report of baptism has
been changed to ...........................with my consent.
Signed..................... .................. Father.
W itnessed........................................
Title...................................
Send this completed report to...................................
The statistics published with this report are based upon the follow-
ing records:
BIRTH STATISTICS FOR ST. THOMAS AND ST. JOHN.
Calendar year-
1919, on original certificates of birth registered under the provisions of the modified
"model law," the ordinance for St. Thomas and St. John of October 4,
1918.
1907-1918, on original reports of births made in accordance with ordinance for
St. Thomas and St. John of March 9, 1906, which reports as previously
stated had been preserved by the police department.
BIRTH STATISTICS FOR ST. CROIX.
Calendar year-
1919, January-June, on original reports of births made in accordance with
ordinance for St. Croix of September 9, 1887.
1919, July-December, on original certificates of births registered under the
provisions of the modified "model law," the ordinance for St. Croix of
June 24, 1919.
1901-1918, on birth registers kept by the police department as provided in
ordinance of September 9, 1887.
MORTALITY STATISTICS FOR ST. THOMAS AND ST. JOHN.
Calendar year-
1919, on original certificates of deaths registered under the provisions of the
modified "model law," ordinance for St. Thomas and St. John of October
4, 1918.
1908-1918, St. Thomas, on original certificates of deaths registered according to
ordinance of January 17, 1908.
1910-1918, St. John, on a register of deaths kept by the police department and
obtained from reports of deaths made in accordance with ordinance of
January 17, 1908 (original reports not preserved).
1901-1907, St. Thomas, on a register of deaths kept by the police department
(original reports not preserved).
MORTALITY STATISTICS FOR ST. CROIX.
Calendar year-
1919, January-June, on original reports of deaths made in accordance with
ordinance of January 17, 1908.
1919, July-December, on original certificates of deaths registered under the
provisions of the modified "model law," the ordinance for St. Croix of
June 24, 1919.
1908-1918, on a register of deaths kept by the police department and obtained
through reports of deaths made according to ordinance of January 17,
1908.
1901-1908, on a similar register based on reports provided for in an ordinance of
January 5, 1889.
The population upon which the birth rates and death rates are
based is given in Table I.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 17
POPULATION.
TABLE I.-Virgin Islands and each island.
Year. rands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John.
1901 (census)........................................... 30,527 18,590 11,012 925
1902.................................................... 30,184 18,278 10,979 927
1903................................................... 29,839 17,965 10,946 928
1904............................................. 29,495 17,653 10,912 930
1905.................................................... 29,151 17,341 10,879 931
1906.................................................. 28,808 17,029 10,846 933
1907.......................................... ... 28,462 16,716 10,812 934
....1907--28, 462 16,716 10, 812 934
1908.................................................... 28119 16,404 10,779 936
1909 ................................................. 27,775 16,092 10,746 937
1910.................................................... 27431 15,779 10,713 939
1911 (census)........................................ 27,086 15,467 10,678 941
1912.................................................... 26,817 15320 10,551 946
1913.................................................... 26663 15,236 10,479 94
1914.................................................... 26511 15,153 10,407 951
191----------------------------------26,511 15,153 10,407 951
1915 .................................................. 26,357 15,069 10,335 953
1916.................................................... 26204 14,985 10,263 956
1917 (census).......................................... 26051 14,901 10,191 959
1918.................................................... 26051 14,901 10,191 959
1919.................................................... 26,051 14,901 10,191 959
1920.................................................... 26,051 14,901 10,191 959
The population for the years between the censuses has been
obtained in accordance with the method used by the Bureau of the
Census, which is based on the assumption that the annual increase
or decrease each year is equal to the annual average increase or
decrease between the last two censuses.
BIRTHS AND DEATHS.
In the report of the census of the Virgin Islands of the United
States November 1, 1917, the following record of the total popula-
tion of the islands is given:
Census year.' g' I St. Croix. Th St. John.
Islands. Thomas. -
1917............................................................ 26,051 14,901 10,191 959
1911............................................................ 27,086 15,467 10,678 941
1901............................................................ 30,527 18,590 11012 925
1890............................................................ 32,786 19,783 12,019 984
1880............................................................ 33763 18,430 14,38 944
1870............................................................ 37,821 22,760 14,007 1,054
1860............................................................ 231 23,194 13,463 1,574
1855............................................................ 37,137 22,862 12, 560 1,715
1850............................................................ 39614 23720 13,666 2228
1846............................................................ 39,588 24,065 13,073 2,450
1841........................................................... 40,9 25,624 12,776 2,555
1835.................................................. ...... 43,178 26,681 14,022 2,475
1 The census of 1917 was taken by the United States. The censuses prior to 1917 were taken by the
Danish Government.
The report remarks that during the period 1835 to 1917 there was
a decrease in the population of the Virgin Islands amounting to
39.7 per cent, and discusses the causes that contributed to this
decrease under two heads-the excess of deaths over births and the
excess of emigration over immigration. Through records of births
and deaths obtained from the Annuaire Statistique du Danemark
186373-20--2
18 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
the report shows that it is probable that about one-third of the de-
crease was due to this excess of deaths over births.
If this specter of extinction has ever troubled the visions of the
Virgin Islands people, it should do so no more.
During the calendar year 1919 there were 769 births, exclusive of
stillbirths, and 540 deaths in the Virgin Islands, representing a
birth rate of 29.1 and a death rate of 20.7 per 1,000 population, an
excess of birth rate over death rate of 8.4 per 1,000 population, or
40.6 per cent.
This favorable change has been brought about through a rapid
reduction i1 the mortality.
The facts in this regard are shown in the tables and on the charts
following.
Table 2 shows the number of births and birth rate for St. Croix
from 1901 to 1919, and for St. Thomas and St. John and the Virgin
Islands from 1907 to 1919.
Table 3 shows the number of deaths and death rate for St. Croix
and St. Thomas and both islands from 1901 to 1919, and for St.
John and the Virgin Islands from 1911 to 1919. In view of the fact
that the deaths on St. John are relatively so few, the death rates
given for St. Thomas and St. Croix, 1901-1910, represent the rates
for the Virgin Islands accurately enough for all practical considera-
tions.
Charts 1, 2, 3, and 4 illustrate by curves the facts shown in
these tables, and in addition indicate the tentative birth rate and
death rate for 1920, based upon the number of births and deaths
during the first quarter of that year and the tentative annual aver-
ages, period 1916-1920.
The variations in the number of births and deaths in the first and
subsequent quarters of the calendar years have been insignificant,
as may be seen from Tables 11 and 12, and it is probable that these
tentative rates will closely approximate the final rates for the calen-
dar year.
The mortality recorded includes deaths among transients and
among the crews and passengers of vessels in the ports. These
deaths are less frequent than one who sees the harbor traffic, particu-
larly in St. Thomas, might suppose. In 1919 there were 5 deaths
among sailors and passengers of ships calling at the port of St.
Thomas and 2 among transients. In St. Croix and St. John all
deaths were among residents. If the above 7 deaths are excluded,
the 1919 death rate for St. Thomas falls from 17.3 to 16.6 and for
the Virgin Islands from 20.5 to 20.3.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 19
TABLE 2.-Number of births and birth rate (ezelusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 population
in the Virgin Islands and each island.
Virgin Islands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John.
Calendar year.
1901 .............................--
1902.......-... ...---------------
190 .......-.....-....................
1904................---- .----
Ann05 ---- average 1901-1905......
Annual average. 1901-1905......
1906........-..--------------------- --- "---
1907.............-- --- ..-- -----------..
1L08 ................................I 837
19090............ -- -------.. ...- 891
1910................... 890
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
Num- Birth Nun- Birth Num- Birth N Birth
berof eroth ero erof
births. rate. bo raeb te. rate.
births. rate births. b rate births.
(i) (1) 647 34.2 (1) () (1) (1)
() (i) 564 30.8 (') () ') (1)
(1) (1) 575 32 () () 1) ()
(1) () 577 32.7 () (1) () )
(1) (1) 545 31.5 (') (1) () 0)
33.3
29.8
32.1
32.4
Annual average, 1906-1910..... ........---- ..--..--
759 28.3
787 29.5
790 29.6
747 26.1
Annual average, 1911-191..... 891.3 3.
707 28.9
...........................644 24.6
= ...... ............... ..7.. -9 29.5
. . . . .... 747 26.1
Annual average. 1911-1915...... 773 | 28.6
...... 707 26.9
...................... 644 24.6
679 26.1
..................769 29.1
....... 581.8 322 ..............-..........
504
564
502
499
520
517.8
451
400
427
437
403
423.6
388
342
370
428
29.6
33.7
30.6
31
32.9
305 28.3
352 32.8
341 31.8
31.6
29.2
26.1
28
28.8
26.7
27.8
25.9
23
24.8
28.4
30
40
29
'336.5 3i. 3 33.5"
302 28.3 29
319 30.2 40
330 31.3 30
316 30.4 37
309 29.9 35
315.2 30 34.2
277 27 42
273 26.8 29
275 27.1 34
300 29.4 41
37.5
32.1
42.7
30.9
""35.8
30.8
42.3
31.6
38.9
36.7
36.1
43.9
30.2
35.4
42.8
1 No records available.
TABLE 3.-Number of deaths and death rates from all causes (exclusive of stillbirths)
per 1,000 population in the Virgin Islands and each island.
St.Thomsand St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John.,
St. Croix. I
ledaryear. Num- Death Nu- Death Death r of Death
herof at hero! rate r..
deaths deaths. rate d rate. rate
1901 0.....5-- ------- -1 36 701 37.7 3&4 33 .
1902.. ... 11035 35.4 693 37.9 342 31.2 .... ...
1903............ ............. 066 369 700 39 366 33.4 ............
1904 ....................... 1,079 37.7 30 41.4 349 32.
1905................................. 1110 39.3 90 46.1 325 30 ..| -
Annual average, 1901-1905......1,070.8 37.1 722.8 40.4 349.4 32 ................
1906 99806 35.4 615: 36.1 371 34.2
1906 .................................. 35 615 3 .1 371 34.2 ......... ........
1907 ................. ,332 48.4 61 49.3 471 43.6 .............
190 ........ 1,177 43.3 859 52.4 318 29.5 ........
...............-... ..... 1,013 37.7 754 40.6 259 24.1 I....... -
1910................................. 928 34.7 583 36.9 345 32.2 .....- ........
Annual average, 1906-1910...... 1,087.2 39.9 734.4 43.1 352.8 32.7 .............
1 No records available.
i......
,I-- CC---~--
I
20 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 3.-Number of deaths and death rates from all causes (exclusive of stillbirths)
per 1,000 population in the Virgin Islands and each island-Continued.
Virgin Islands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John.
Calendar ear. Num Num-
Calendar year. um- Death N Death um Death um Death
berof er of i h er of Deatber ofDeat
deaths. rate. deaths. rate. deaths. rate. deaths. rat.
1911................................. 981 36.2 657 42.3 312 29.2 12 12.8
1912.................................. 1.000 37.3 627 40.9 353 33.5 20 21.1
1913 ................... .... ......... 979 35.7 614 40.3 i 339 32.4 16 16.9
1914................................. 959 36.2 575 37.9 3f,2 34.8 22 23.1
1915................................... 816 31 500 33.2 298 28.8 18 18.9
Annualaverage. 1911-1915...... 947 33.5 596.6 38.9 332.8 31.7 17.6 18.6
1916.................................. 760 29 450 30 296 28.8 14 14.6
1917.................................. 1,088 41.5 648 43.6 411 40.3 29 30.2
1918.................................. 744 2.4 477 32 248 24.3 19 19.8
1919.................................. 540 20.7 352 23.6 176 17.3 12 12.5
It may be noted first of all that St. John has no part in the past
record of excess of death rate over birth rate for the Virgin Islands as
a whole. On the contrary, St. John has had a birth rate far in excess
over the death rate during the years for which records of birth and
deaths are available. During the 5-year period 1911-1915 the birth
rate (36.1) exceeded the death rate (18.6) by 94.1 per cent. This
remarkable excess is not only being maintained, but shows a tendency
since 1915 to become still greater.
It may further be observed that the gradual extinction that threat-
ened the people of the Virgin Islands was not a race suicide but a race
homicide. Plenty of children were being born in all three islands, at
an average of over 30 per 1,000 population, comparing favorably with
the birth rate of the United States, which in 1916 was recorded as
24.8 per 1,000 population, but the average life was short, with the
enemies of life killing at the average annual rate of 37 per 1,000 popu-
lation.
This high death rate was due mainly to the conditions in St. Croix,
where the average annual death rate for the 5-year period 1901-1905
was 40.4, and during the period 1906-1910 reached 43.1, to fall during
the following 5-year period only to 38.9, and average for the 15-
year period of 40.6 per 1,000 population. In St. Thomas the average
annual death rate rose from 32 in the period 1901-1905 to 32.7 during
1906-1910, and dropped during the following 5-year period to 31.7, an
average for the 15 years of 32.1 per 1,000 population.
The causes of the high death rate in the past and the rapid decrease
that has taken place within the three years that the islands have been
a possession of the United States will appear in connection with the
analysis of the causes of death. Suffice it here to note that the 1919
decrease in the mortality has been greatest in St. Croix, where the
mortality was highest, and insignificant in St. John, where the mor-
tality already was low. This could be expected. There may lbe
assumed to be an absolute mortality for every community, country, or
race of people, the mortality due to the various conditions of degenera-
tion incident to actual old age. The closer the mortality approaches
this absolute mortality the more difficult and slow will a reduction be
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 21
CHART No. 1.-Birth rate and death rate (exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 population
in the Virgin Islands.
S2--------- --------------
49------- ---- ---------------------
46--------
1-- --- -- s-- --
s- I -
-------- -- -",J
as-- ----
-- TENTATIVE ANNUAL..,
S ANNUAL AVERAGE.........,
1 -- TENTATIVE ANNUAL AVERAGE.,- -,---
Is-
Itl--- IRTH RATE: ANNUAL....... .. ......
10 - TENTATIVE ANNUAL........ .. -- -
- ANNUAL AVERAGE ..........
4----TENTATIVE ANNUAL AVERAGE. -
it I2 %'3 '04 905 906 907 V0 ' 9O 12 SB 4'5 1 *17 1B n'U4a
22 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
CHART No. 2.-Birth rate and death rate (exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 population
in St. Croix.
54
49---------
S-----------------
r
50---------- \----------------- -- I
42---------------------i- ----- ---- ----------- ----- --
42 ------------9---------------------
4----------- ------------------ ---
4- ---/------------ --
S--------- ------
32--------------------------------\-----^t----
II4 SIRIN RAE: ANNUAL...........- --- -- ^L -
42--_
210
19
30
35
14
II A- IRTH RAT AVN UA .. .........
10- TENTATIVE AN-UAL ..... ---,- --
--ANNUAL AVERA-G- E ........ ,,,,-----
8 - TENTATIVE AVER AGE,ANNUAL. L
7 - DEATH RATE: ANNUAL ...
TENTATIVE ANNUAL...... .
5 -- ANNUAL AVERAGE ....... .
4 -- TENTATIVE AVERAGE. ANNUAL. ..,
3--
11 B- TH RATE: ANNUAL ....... I -
I -- - -
4 --- TENTATIVE ANNU4L. .
IS-- ANNUAL -- - -- -- - -- -- -
A9l aTO V3 V4 V5 e 'vB 4W *09 *Io 'II a2 13 14 'IS '1 '17 '1 -1 i*
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 23
CHART No. 3.-Birth rate and death rate (exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 population
in St. Thomas.
,-, - .- I .. ,--.- I I I I I I
41 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- --
A10UAl A .
40- ---- --------
0-- ----- -------------
47- --0- ---- ------ ---- -- ----
I'd ----- _^_ __ *- --.-- -- _r. ------ ._ -- __- ___ .
40-
7--- TENTATIVE ANNUAl. AVERAGE..... BB
n - d I -I 'I-I
22- -
S-- TENTATIVE ANNUAL. . ..- L......
-- ANUAL AVERAGE ........
4-- OBATS RATH: ANNUAL ... ...
S-- TENTATIVE AMMUAL .......
*4 -- -- ANNUAL AVERAGE. . . -- -- - -
3 TENTATIVE ANNUAL AVRAR..---
W MIS RT A L .. -6 & -- -- 4w --
-- E T T V A N A . .. _ - - -
24 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
CHART No. 4.-Birth rate and death rate (exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000 population
in St. John.
.4-----------------------------------------------------
54
4------------------------
SI
--------------- -- -- -- -
49- --- ------ -- ---- --- --- ----
48--- -------------------- --1 -----
4-------- ----- -- --- -- -- -- --
3 3
15
49
47
4C ---- --------- --- -- ----- ---- -- - -
45'-- ------------ -- -- --- -- -- -- --
------ L ___ /'
45
3" /\------------ -4_------'\
1-- --
30 ---------------- --
41
----------------
20--------- --^ -
I
SANUAL AVERAGE........ ------
8 TENTATIVE ANNUAL AVERAG-E - - - -
-- DEAT RATE: ANNUAL...... .. ------
0 - TENTATIVE ANNUAL ....... .. - - - -
S -- ANNUAL AVERAGE. ......... - - - -
4 -- TENTATIVE ANNUAL AVERAGE. - - - -
41-
:li I I I liii
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 25
accomplished, while a mortality high above such absolute mortality-
caused as it must be by numerous more or less readily preventable
diseases and conditions-may rapidly be reduced.
The part played by each of the three islands in the 1919 decrease
in the death rate may be seen by the following figures:
Annual
Area. average Death rate, Decrease
death rate. 1919. per 1,000
1911-1915. population.
Virgin Islands ...................................................... 33.5 20.7 12.8
St. Croix................. ...................................... 38.9 23.6 15.3
St. Thomas...................................... .................. 31.7 17.3 14.4
St. John ............................................................ 18.6 12.5 6.1
DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS AMONG VARIOUS AGES.
Table 9 shows the number of deaths per calendar year in the Virgin
Islands and each island, for each month of the first year of life, for
each of the first 5 years of life, and for each 5-year period of life up to
100 years, and for 100 years and over. In addition, the undesirable
heading "Deaths at unknown age" had to be included on account of
incomplete certificates of death previous to 1919. The table has been
compiled for St. Croix and St. Thomas and both islands, calendar
years 1901-1919, and for St. John and all Virgin Islands, calendar
years 1910-1919.
The distribution of deaths for the various ages during this period
has been very constant, with only insignificant annual variations.
The chart below, chart 5, illustrates this by curves drawn to indicate
the death rate per 1,000 population for certain periods of life,
namely, under 1 year, under 5 years, 5 to 14 years, 15 to 39 years,
and 40 years and over.
The average percentages of deaths for these periods of life during
the 10-year period 1909-1918 are as follows:
Per cent.
Under 1 year.............................................................. 25.7
Under 5 years.................. .......................................... 35.2
5 to 14 years.............. ............................................... 2.5
15 to 39 years............... ............................................. 17.2
40 years and over.......................................................... 45.1
This proportion is disturbed in the 1917 increase in the mortality
by a larger proportion of deaths, 54.4 per cent, in the period 40 years
and over. The increased mortality in 1917 was undoubtedly due to
the "hurricane" in October, 1916, which unroofed and demolished a
large proportion of the houses, causing exposure to rain in the ruins
and overcrowding in the better huts. These conditions evidently
proved fatal to the individuals whose health was previously inpaired,
and particularly to the old people. In 1918 the average proportion
is again approached. The decrease in mortality in 1919 caused no
material change in this distribution of deaths, the proportions for
that year being:
26 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
Per cent.
Under 1 year............................................................. 24.6
Under 5 years............................................................ 30.2
5 to 14 years............................................................... 2.2
15 to 39 years.............................................................. 19.6
40 years and over......................................................... 48.0
The decrease for the first three and the increase for the last two
periods represent probably only an annual variation.
CHART No. 5.-Death rate per 1,000 populationfor certain periods of life.
as
2s J,---------------------------
24----- -----1------------------_
23~~----------------------------____i_
22 ------------------ -
20------------------------- --
Is .
,- -, -T,, , -,
-
1____.....-._.-...- -I...
I _..: '04 '05 'CS '07 '08 "09 10 '11 12 3 14 15 I '1 17 '18 I
DEATHS AND DEATH RATES FOR THE VARIOUS RACES.
The department of health has prescribed the following termi-
nology for the designation of races on its records:
White. To include persons known to be or who appear and claim to be of the
white or Caucasian race.
Negro. To include persons known to be or who appear and claim to be of the
black or Negro race.
Mixed. To include persons known to be or appearing to be of a mixed white
and Negro origin.
Mixed. ...................... To include persons of mixed blood other than
(State races involved)
the mixture white and Negro; e. g., "Mixed (Negro-Chinese)."
Indian. To include persons of the native American people or the red race.
Persons of the yellow and brown races shall be designated by the
most definite and most commonly applied terms; e. g.,
Japanese.
Chinese. ** *
Filipino, etc.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 27
The following table shows the distribution of deaths according to
race in the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year 1919.
Virgin Islands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John
Race. Number Number Number Number
of Per cent. of Per cent. of Per cent. of Per cent.
deaths. deaths. deaths, deaths.
Allraces....... 540 100.0 252 100.0 176 100.0 12 100.0
White................ 28 5.2 10 4.0 18 10.2 .......... ......
Negro................ 443 82.0 217 86.1 118 67.1 8 66.67
Mixed................ 67 12.4 23 9.1 40 22.7 4 33.33
Hindu............... 2 .4 2 .8 .................... ........ .........
The census taken in 1917 found that of the total population of the
Virgin Islands of the United States, 1,922, or 7.4 per cent, were
whites; 19,525, or 74.9 per cent, were Negroes; 4,563, or 17.5 per cent,
were of mixed white and Negro blood, and 43, or two-tenths of 1 per
cent, were of other races.
The 1919 death rate per 1,000 population for the Virgin Islands of
each of these groups is therefore as follows: White, 14.6; Negro, 22.7;
mixed (Negro and white), 14.7; and all other races, 46.5.
SEX DISTRIBUTION OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS.
Tables 11 and 12 show the sex distribution of births and deaths
for each calendar year, period 1901-1919, except of births in St.
Thomas and St. John, 1901-1909, and of deaths in St. John, 1901-
1909, for which periods the necessary records are not available.
The annual average number and percentage of births of male and
female for certain periods of Table 11, and the number and percentage
of births of male and female in 1919, are shown below:
Period 1901-1910. Period 1911-1915. Calendar year 1919.
Area Average Average Number
number Per cent. number Per cent. Numb Percent.
of births, of births. of irths.
St. Craix.................................. 549.7 100.0 443.6 100.0 428 100.0
Mile.................................. 278.8 50.7 234.8 52.9 211 49.3
Female................................ 270.9 49.3 208.8 47.1 217 50.7
St. Thomas............................... 1333.6 1100.0 315.2 100.0 300 100.0
Male................................. 1174.3 151.8 152.8 48.5 162 54.0
Female............................... 162.3 148.2 162.4 i 51.5 138 46.0
St. John................................... 133.5 1100.0 34.2 100.0 41 100.0
Male................................. 115.5 146.2 19.6 57.3 16 39.0
Female ................................ 118 53.8 15.6 42.7 25 61.0
1 Period 1907-1910.
28 BIRTH .AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
The annual average number and percentage of deaths for male and
female 1901-1910, 1911-1915, and the number and percentage of
deaths for male and female in 1919 are as follows:
Period 1901-1910. Period 1911-1915. Calendar year 1919.
Area.
Number er ce Number Number
of deaths. er c of death. er cent. of deaths er cent.
St. Croix.................................. 726.6 100.0 594.6 100.0 352 100.0
Male............................. 356.7 49.1 312.2 528 176 0.0
Female................................ 3C9.9 50.9 282.4 47.2 176 50.0
St. Thomas............................... 351.1 100.0 332.8 100.0 176 100.0
Male .............................. 158.4 45.1 139.0 41.8 68 38.6
Female................................ 192.7 54.9 193.8 58.2 108 61.4
St. John................................... .......... .......... 20.0 100.0 12 100.0
M ale.................................. .......... .......... 9.2 41.0 5 41.7
Female.......................................... ......... 10.8 59.0 7 58.3
The table following shows the sex distribution of the population
for the Virgin Islands and each island (from census of 1917) and the
number of deaths and death rates per 1,000 for males and females of
the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year 1919.
Popul Number Death
Area. Poto. ef rate per
lon. deaths. 1,000.
Virgin Islands, total....................................... ........... 26,051 540 20.7
M ale............................ ................................. 11,999 249 20.8
Female................ .......................................... 14,0521 291 20.7
St. Croix. total...................................................... 14,901 352 23.6
Male........... ............7........................ .......... ,133 176 24.7
Female-.......---..................................................- 7,768 176 22.7
St. Thomas. total.......... ........................................... 10,191 171; 17.3
Male..... .................................... ....................... 4,357 s 15.6
Female.............................................................. 5,834 108 18.5
St. John. total............................................ .............. 959 12 12.5
M ale..... ......................... ................................... 509 5 9.8
Female .............................................................. 450 7 15.6
It may be seen that in 1919 the Virgin Islands had a slightly
higher death rate for males (20.8) than for females (20.7). The
record of each island shows that this condition exists only in St..
Croix, and that there the death rate for males (24.7) is so consid-
erably higher than for females (22.7) that it more than equalizes the
higher death rate for females in St. Thomas and St. John.
Previous to 1919 the distribution of deaths among males and fe-
males has been very similar. It is shown below for each calendar
year period 1911-1918.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 29
Virgin Islands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John
Year. Death rate per 1,000.
Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female.
1918................. 29.2 28 32.4 31.5 24.8 23.9 21.6 17.8
1917.................. 42.7 40.9 45.6 41.6 40.6 41.3 19.7 42.2
1916.................. 30.5 27.6 33 27.2' 28.1 29.5 16 30.6
1915................... 32.4 29.6 32.6 33.7 32.5 26.4 29 8.8
1914.................. 38:6 34.8 42.4 33.6 31.4 37.3 25.1 21.2
1913.................. 48.7 33.8 45.7 34.9 30.8 33.3 12.8 21
1912.................. 38.8 35.1 43.9 37.7 32.6 32.3 19.6 22.7
1911 ................. 38.4 34.3 45.6 39.8 27.2 29.4 11.1 14.3
The sex distribution of births and deaths does not seem to be in
any definite relation to the sex distribution of the population. In
St. Croix, where there is a considerably higher death rate for males,
the males are outnumbered by females (91.8 males to 100 females) in
a much less degree than in St. Thomas (74.7 to 100 females), where-
the death rate for the two sexes is about the same. The births of
male and female being about the same, the excess of females over
males in the Virgin Islands is therefore evidently due largely to a
preponderance of male emigration.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
As stated above in the discussion of the laws providing for vital
statistics, St. Croix returned 44 certificates in 1919 with the cause of
death stated as "Unknown natural causes." With one-eighth of
the causes of death in St. Croix remaining a mystery, it is evident
that the number of deaths and death rates given for the various dis-
eases for that island, and in a less degree for the Virgin Islands, are
only relatively accurate. With the exception of these 44, all 1919
certificates of death contained a statement of cause of death in the
terms of the nomenclature of the department of health, supported
by the evidence of autopsies, operations, laboratory findings, or
explanatory remarks, as required by this nomenclature. In St.
Thomas 47.7 per cent of the.statements of cause of death were verified
by autopsies, in St. Croix 42.3 per cent, and in St. John 43.7 per cent.
Table 6 shows the deaths and death rates per 100,000 population,
by causes, for the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year 1919,
and the annual average death rates per 100,000 population for St.
Thomas-St. John in the 10-year period 1909-1918.
Table 7 gives the deaths and death rates per 100,000 population,
by causes, for St. Thomas-St. John and each island, calendar years
1909-1918, and forms the basis upon which the annual average
death rates for this period given in Table 6 are calculated.
The causes of death have been classified in accordance with the
Detailed International List of Causes of Death. In Table 6 the
number of deaths and death rates for 1919 are also given for each
disease returned as cause of death, arranged under the appropriate
international number. This has been possible through the use of
nomenclature terms in the statements of causes of death. Without
interfering with the comparability of the causes of death, this sub-
division reveals many important diseases hidden under certain broad
30 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
titles of the International List, and appears to be a step toward
better classification of causes of death.
Table 7 was compiled from the original certificates of deaths pre-
served in the police office, St. Thomas, as previously stated. In the
register of deaths for St. Thomas kept previous to 1909, the cause of
death is entered, but it is given in such indefinite and unsatisfactory
terms that any statistics based on them would not only be valueless
but misleading. The register of deaths kept in St. Croix did not
contain the cause of death and the original certificates of deaths were
not preserved in this island.
Table 7 and the annual average death rates obtained from this
table and shown in Table 6 are thus the only statistics of causes of
death available previous to 1919. When comparing the causes of
death in 1919 with these statistics or with causes of death of the
United States or other countries, the following factors should be
kept in mind:
(1) That the death rate in St. Croix and consequently the death
rate for all Virgin Islands exceeded considerably the death rate in
St. Thomas-St. John during the 10-year period 1909-1918.
(2) The statements of cause of death in 1919 are more reliable,
and the increased death rates for many diseases in 1919 represent
only a corresponding decrease or elimination of death rates under
such titles as "Ill-defined organic disease," "Cause of death not
specified or ill defined," "Senility," "Following childbirth, not other-
wise defined," and others.
(3) The statistics represent a very small area, and a population of
only 26,051, and a total annual number of deaths of less than 1,000.
The annual death rates show therefore wide variations, while the
annual averages for 5-year and 10-year periods give a better repre-
sentation of the facts. A disease may, for instance, cause on an
average 1 death every tenth year. The annual death rate of that
disease for the Virgin Islands would be 3.8 per 100,000 population
(in 1919), while the actual death rate (the annual average for the 10-
year period) would be only one-tenth as high. This factor should
be considered particularly in regard to the death rates for each of
the three islands when a still smaller unit is the basis for the calcu-
lation, each death in 1919 representing, in St. John, a death rate of
104.3 per 100,000 population, in St. Thomas, 9.8, and in St. Croix, 6.7.
(4) The population of these islands is about 95 per cent Negro, or
mixed Negro and white. In view of the marked difference in the
mortality of the white and the "colored" races, this should be borne
in mind, particularly when comparisons are made with mortality
statistics of the United States or other countries.
In order to furnish data for comparison between mortality and
morbidity, Table 8 has been included in this report. This table
shows the diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the medical
services, department of health, calendar year 1919, and for each
disease the number of new cases and number of cases previously
treated for the same disease, and the number of these who were hos-
pital cases and the number treated as out-patients, and for the former
the number of hospital sick days, for the latter the number of con-
sultations and treatments. The table is based upon the medical
histories of patients treated by the physicians of the department of
health in the municipal hospitals and their out-patients' departments
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 31
The table does not only show the amount of medical attendance
rendered by the department of health during the year, but it also
gives a very reliable index of the morbidity of the islands, since
almost 100 per cent of the people seeking medical attendance are
treated by physicians of the department of health. The great value
of morbidity statistics for a community can readily be seen. Mor-
tality statistics alone do not give the various diseases their full sig-
nificance, and fail particularly to show the damage of diseases with
a low or no mortality that cripple and undermine the health of the
people.
The diseases and injuries in this table have been arranged under
their international number in order to facilitate comparison with
Table 6.
Typhoid fever.-Typhoid fever does not appear as a cause of death
in 1919. It ceased to be a disease of the Virgin Islands in 1918, when
the population was immunized against the disease, and when the
removal of human excreta came under the control of the health de-
partment. An account of the last epidemic of typhoid fever is
given by Lieut. E. Peterson. M. C., United States Navy, in an article
Son "Infectious and contagious diseases on the islands of St. Thomas
and St. John," Naval Medical Bulletin, Volume XIII, No. 4. The
typhoid death rate in the Virgin Islands previous to 1919 was a
factor of grave importance. The annual- average recorded for
St. Thomas-St. John, 1909-1918, may be seen to be 37.7 per 100,000
population. It is probable, however, that this was actually twice
as high. Many fatal cases of typhoid fever were never diagnosed as
such, due to the lack of laboratory facilities and the inadequacy of
the sanitation service, and other typhoid deaths were certified by
"corpse inspectors" to be due to "fever," "diarrhea," and other ill-
defined diseases.
Malaria.-Malaria caused only 1 death in 1919, corresponding
to a death rate of 3.8 per 100,000. The annual average for St.
Thomas-St. John, period 1909-1918, was 8. The death from
malaria in 1919 occurred in the early part of the year. Since then
only a few imported cases have been observed, and it is not likely
that malaria will claim any more deaths as long as the present control
of mosquitoes and rational medical attendance is maintained.
Whooping cough.-Whooping cough caused 1 death in St. Thomas
in 1919, a death rate for the Virgin Islands of 3.8. During the
period 1909-1918 the death rate of this disease for St. Thomas-St.
John was 7. Whooping cough is the only acute infectious disease of
childhood that appears as a cause of death in the Virgin Islands in
1919, and in St. Thomas and St. John period 1908-1918. Small-
pox, measles, scarlet fever, and diphtheria do not enter these records
of mortality.
Inlluenza.-The pandemic of influenza touched lightly upon the
sunlit shores of the Virgin Islands. In 1919 only 2 deaths were
caused by this disease, a death rate of 7.7 per 100,000 population.
In 1918 St. Thomas and St. John suffered 8 deaths, a death rate of
71.7 per 100,000 population. During the preceding years back to
1909 no deaths from influenza were reported for those two islands.
Dysentery.--Only 3 deaths, 1 in St. John (bacillary dysentery), 1
in St. Thomas, and 1 in St. Croix (entamebic dysentery), were ascribed
to this disease in 1919, a death rate of 11.5 per 100,000 population.
32 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
It has been frequently asserted by the local physicians familiar with
medical problems in the past that dysentery, especially bacillary
dysentery, was up to 1918 one of the principal causes of death, and
this was also observed by the medical officers of the United States
Navy who, in 1917, came in contact with the health conditions of the
civilian population. The deaths ascribed to dysentery in the 1909-
1918 period for St. Thomas and St. John are relatively few, giving an
average death rate of only 12.3 per 100,000 population. This is un-
doubtedly a misrepresentation of facts due to ill-defined statements
of causes of death. Most of the deaths from dysentery are probably
under titles 104 and.105-"Diarrhea and Enteritis." The almost
complete disappearance of dysentery will again be referred to under
these titles.
Leprosy.-Leprosy is of relatively little importance in the mortality.
It caused I death in 1919, a death rate of 3.8 per 100,000 population.
The figures for St. Thomas-St. John, period 1909-1918, for this
disease has very little value, since almost all lepers are isolated in the
leper asylum, St. Croix.
Tetanus.-Tetanus caused 3 deaths in 1919, a death rate of 11.5.
The annual average death rate for St. Thomas-St. John, period
1909-1918, was 18.4. This high death rate for tetanus may be
placed to the discredit of the barefoot habit, with its numerous
puncture wounds. In the statistics for the period 1909-1918 some
of the deaths were in infants, a tetanus neonatorum due to careless
midwife attendance.
Pellagra.-In 1919 pellagra was the cause of 4 deaths in St. Thomas
and 8 in St. Croix, 2.2 per cent of all deaths in the Virgin Islands,
and a death rate of 46.1 per 100,000 population.
The mortality record of pellagra in St. Thomas and St. John,
period 1908-19i8, has features of particular interest. It enters the
records abruptly in 1911 with a mortality of 25.8 per 100,000 popu-
lation, which figure is doubled in 1912-and redoubled in 1913. During
the following three years there is a steady increase at the rate of
about 10 per 100,000 population; in 1917 the mortality is almost
trebled, reaching the figure 393.6 per 100,000 population, 10.7 per
cent of all deaths, and then drops abruptly in 1918 to 134.5 per 100,000
population. St. Croix had undoubtedly a very similar pellagra
record during this period, except that the mortality must have been
higher.
In 1917 pellagra took the form of a minor plague. A ghastly
sight to behold these victims of pellagra-insane in the cells of the
asylums, or bedridden on the cots of the municipal hospitals, with
denuded hands and genitalia, and soiled by feces, or stumbling into
the clinics hopeless and exhausted, or staggering skeletons on roads
and streets.
The rapid decrease in mortality of this disease is in proportion to
the decrease in its morbidity. As may be seen in Table 9, only 3
new cases and 5 previously treated were seen in St. Thomas and St.
John in 1919 and 11 new and 20 previously treated in St. Croix.
Tuberculosis.-Tuberculosis of the lungs caused 55 deaths in 1919,
10.2 per cent of all deaths and a death rate of 211 per 100,000 popu-
lation. The annual average for St. .Thomas and St. John, period
1909-1918, was only 189.4 per 100,000 population. A still greater
increase is shown in the death rate of other forms of tuberculosis,
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 33
from 10.3, the annual average for period 1909-1918, to 38.3 in 1919,
giving an increase in the death rate for tuberculosis, all forms, from
199.7, annual average for period 1909-1918, to 249.5 in 1919. It is
not likely that the increase shown in these figures represents an
actual increase in tuberculosis mortality, but that it is merely a result
of the increased accuracy of the cause-of-death statements. This is
borne out by the fa-t that the increase has been greatest in the forms
of tuberculosis w-hicai are more difficult to diagnose and ;-hich in 1919
were discovered at operation and autopsy. The tuberculosis
mortality, 12 per cent of all deaths, 249.5 per 100,000 population,
gives the disease the gruesome distinction of being by far the most
successful in the destruction of human life in the Virgin Islands.
Its record is only approached by the organic diseases of the heart,
with a death rate of 234.2 per' 100,000 population, and the lobar
and broncho-pneumonias, with a death rate of 226.4 per 100,000
population.
Rickets.-There is 1 death in 1919 ascribed to rickets. During the
10-year period 1909-1918 no death from this disease has been re-
corded for St. Thomas-St. John. If any deaths were caused by
rickets in this period they have most likely been reported under some
symptom of this disease. The disease is not frequently seen clin-
ically. Table 8 shows that in 1919 only 2 new cases were seen in
St. Thomas afd St. John and none in St. Croix.
Syphilis.--Syphilis has been credited with only 19 deaths in 1919,
a death rate of 72.9 per 100,000 population. The annual average
rate for St. Thomas and St. John, 1909-1918, is less than one-third
of this, 21.9, indicating not a purity of past generations, but ignorance
of the manifold ravages of Treponoma pallida, and the wisdom of the
words of Sir William Osler, "Know syphilis in all its manifestations
and relations and all other things clinical will be added unto you."
Before the days of the "transfer," as the 1917 change of sovereignty
is locally termed, when syphilis had to be diagnosed without the aid
of the Wasserman reaction, syphilis took its victims to the grave
undiscovered, hidden in brain, arteries, liver, and other organs. It
is now only beginning to show its true mortality, and it should he
expected that the 1919 increase in the death rate for syphilis will
continue as long as the method of syphilis diagnosis is being improved.
That the same conditions exist in the United States is evident from
the death rates for this disease recorded by the Bureau of the Census-
7.2 in 1913, 7.9 in.1914, 8.6 in 1915, and 9.6 in 1916. The morbidity
record of syphilis places it in a more accurate relation to other dis-
eases It may be seen in Table 8 that syphilis caused in St. Thomas-
St. John 2,003 (5.9 per cent) hospital sick days and necessitated
6,499 (26.4 per cent) consultations and treatments of out-patients,
and in St. Croix 3,478 (7.8 per cent) hospital sick days and 5,481
(6.9 per cent) out-patient treatments.
Gonococcus and chancroidal infections.-Gonococcus and chancroidal
infections have each been credited with 1 death in 1919. During the
period 1909-1918 no deaths were reported due to these diseases in
St. Thomas and St. John. As in the case of syphilis, the relative
tinportance of these venereal diseases are better shown in the records
of their morbidity. Here they are shown to have required 2per cent
of alospital sick days and 8.7 per cent of all out-patient's treat-
186373-20--3
34 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
ments. In addition to this, the gonococcus infections should be
held responsible for the largest proportion of the 1,156 hospital sick
days ascribed to salpingitis, acute and chronic, which diagnosis in
most cases should have read "Gonococcus infection of fallopian
tube."
Cancer and other malignant tumors.-In 1919 cancer and other ma-
lignant tumors caused 22 deaths, corresponding to a rate of 84.4 per
100,000 population. Compared with the annual average rate for St.
Thomas-St. John, period 1909-1918 (73.4), this rate shows an
increase of 11 per cent. Although it is very probable that some of
this increase is a result of more accurate statements of causes of
death, it is possible that the cancer rate is actually increasing, as
seems to be the case in the registration area of the United States.
It is of interest to note that the cancer rate in 1916 for this registra-
tion area (81.8) corresponds closely to the rate for the Virgin Islands.
One-half of the 22 deaths were due to carcinoma of the uterus, while
only in 6 cases the stomach or liver was the seat of the disease.
This is the reverse of the conditions in the registration area of the
United States, where for 1916 there are recorded 38.4 per cent due
to cancer of the stomach and liver and 15.2. per cent to cancer of the
female genital organs.
It may be noted in this connection that in 1919 there was no death
from ulcer of stomach in the Virgin Islands and only 1 death from
ulcer of duodenum, and that clinically these conditions are infre-
quently met with, as may be seen from Table 8, which records 9 cases
in St. Thomas and St. John and none in St. Croix. It is possible
that the dietary habits of the people in these islands, where the
menu usually offers bread, rice, corn-meal preparations, potatoes,
and sugar, and only occasionally fish and meat, all sparingly taken,
may account for this relative infrequency of "stomach trouble."
Acute articular rheumatism and chronic rheumatism and gout.-The
absence of deaths in 1919 under these titles, for each of which the
1909-1918 period for St. Thomas-St. John has a death rate of
2.6 per 100,000 -orulation, supports the clinical observation of a
rapid decrease of these diseases since Wasserman reactions began
to reveal latent syphilis and arsphenamine and mercury took the
place of salicylates.
Alcoholism.-There were 2 deaths, a death rate of 7.7 per 100,000
population, charged to alcoholic rsychosis in 1919, evidently victims
from the "old days" when a gallon of St. Croix rum was sold for 70
cents or less. The victims of alcoholism in St. Thomas and St.
John, period 1900-1918, gave an annual average death rate of 28.9,
which is five times as high as the rate for the registration area of
the United States in 1916 (5.8).
Softening of the brain.-There are no deaths under these titles in
1919. For the period 1909-1918 there is recorded for St. Thomas-
St. John an annual average death rate of 19.3 per 100,000 popu-
lation from "Softening of the brain." Probably most of these cases
were true dementia paralytica and chargeable to syphilis. This
would increase the syphilis rate for this period (21.9) considerably and
reduces the apparent increase in 1919.
Organic diseases of the heart.-This group of diseases, including
"79A. Valvular diseases, chronic cardiac," "79B. Endocarditis,
chronic," and "79C. Myocarditis, chronic," has a death rate in 1919
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 35
of 234.2 per 100,000 population, having caused 61 deaths, which is
more than for any other disease except tuberculosis. The annual
average rate for St. Thomas-St. John, 1909-1918,. is somewhat lower,
215.4.
The increase in 1919 can hardly be of any significance. It may
represent an annual variation or more likely be a result of more
accurate statements of causes of death, particularly for deaths among
the aged, where in 1919 "Myocarditis, chronic," may frequently have
supplanted "old age" of previous years. This condition may also
explain the markedly higher death rate for these diseases in the Virgin
Islands than'in the registration area in the United States, for which
in 1916 it was recorded as 150.1 per 100,000 population. It is likely,
however, that myocardial lesions are more common in the Virgin
Islands as a result of the frequency of filariasis, syphilis, pyorrhea
alveolaris, and other chronic infections, while endocardial lesions in
all probability are less frequent, since tonsillitis and rheumatic fever.
commonly preceding or concurrent with endocarditis, are rarely seen.
Diseases of the arteries, atheroma, aneurism, etc.-In 1919 there
were 26 deaths under this title, 4 charged to "Aortitis," 16 to "Arte-
rial sclerosis, general," and 6 to "Aneurism of aorta," a total death
rate of 99.8 per 100,000 population. The 4 deaths from aortitis and
the 6 from aneurism should probably all be added to the already
grave record of syphilis. During the period 1909-1918 the rate for
deaths under this title was only 35.9. As in the case of myocarditis,
many deaths from arterial sclerosis were then undoubtedly reported
under "old age" or similar terms.
Pneumonia.-In 1919 broncho-pneumonia caused 37 deaths and
lobar pneumonia 22, a total of 59 deaths, corres-onding to a death
rate of 226.4, which is exceeded only by the rate for tuberculosis
(249.5) and for organic diseases of the heart (234.2). The annual
average death rate from pneumonia (all forms) in St. Thomas-St.
John, period 1909-1918, was only 118.4, a little more than one-half
of the 1919 rate for the Virg.in Islands, but insignificantly in excess
of the 1919 rate for St. Thomas-St. John (143.5). It is therefore
likely that the relatively high 1919 pneumonia death rate in St.
Croix has existed in previous years and that thus the annual average,
1909-1918, for all Virgin Islands would have been about the same as
for 1919. The 1919 pneumonia death rate is remarkably in excess
of the ratein the registration area of the United States, which in 1F16
was recorded to be 137.3. The equable climate of these islands un-
doubtedly removes exposure from the list of predisnosin,: causes of
pneumonia, but the tightly closed shutters at night, with oi er-
crowding, adds a probably more serious factor to the etiology of
this disease.
Diarrhea and enteritis.-During the period 1909-1918 not less than
19.9 per cent of all deaths were reported due to "Catarrhus intestina-
lis," "Enteritis," "Diarrhea," "Gastroenteritis," and "Colitis." Of
these deaths 12.5 per cent belonged under "104. Diarrhea and enteri-
tis (under 2 years)," an annual average death rate of 358.6 per
00,000 population, and 7.4 per cent under "105. Diarrhea and
nteritis (2 years and over)," an annual average death rate of 212.2.
In view of the fact that diseases in children under 2 years diagnosed
s "Catarrhus, intestinalis," "Enteritis," "Diarrhea," etc., are with
- very few exceptions the principal diseases and not secondary to or
00 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
symptoms of some other disease the mortality recorded for these
diseases can be considered very accurate. In adult these diseases as
cause-of-death statements are less satisfactory, being frequently
secondary to some other disease; e. g., pellagra, sprue, dysentery,
nephritis, and others. With the annual average death rate of 358.6
per 100,000 population, "Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)"
takes the first place among causes of death in the past of St. Thomas
and St. John, and this can with certainty also be said of St. Croix.
In 1919 the death rate for the diseases under this title was only 73.8
for St. Croix and 35.9 for St. Thomas-St. John and for all Virgin
Islands 61.4. This is a decrease of 484 per cent below the annual
average for St. Thomas-St. John, period 1909-1918. It is by far the
largest reduction for any one unit of diseases, and is of special interest
and significance as an indication of a reduction of the gastrointestinal
infections. This is undoubtedly one of the benefits of the improve-
ment in the removal of human excreta brought about through the
systematic and practical work of the sanitation service. It shows
that a great deal can be done with pits and surface privies and that
even in towns with 10,000 people they can be changed from a most
serious menace to public health to a safe means of collecting and
disposing human excreta.
Acute ncphritis.-In 1919 there were 6 deaths from acute nephritis.
a death rate of 23 per 100,000 population. In the records for St.
Thomas and St. John, period 1909-1918, no death was charged to this
disease. This is undoubtedly another misrepresen. ation of facts, due
to ill-defined statements of cause of death, and most probably some
of the nephritis unqualified was acute nephritis.
Brights disease.-There are 32 deaths under this heading for the
Virgin Islands in 1919, a death rate of 122.8 per 100,000 population.
The annual average for St. Thomas-St. John, 1909-1918, was 83.3.
The increase probably represents only the deaths rescued from the
class of ill-defined diseases.
Class XI.-Diseases of early infancy.-The causes of the deaths
compiled under this class will be referred to under infant mortality.
Senility.-Previous to 1919 a large number of deaths were reported
due to "Infirmity," "Debility," "Weakness," and similar terms,
which, according to the International List, have been compiled under
title "154. Senility," when the deceased was over 70 years. The
death rate for this title for St. Thomas-St. John, period 1909-1918,
is, therefore, very high, 251.4 per 100,000 population. In 1919, when
the diseases causing the deaths in the aged were better defined, only
2 deaths were found to come under this title. This partially explains
the increases in the death rates of diseases common in advanced age
such as "Arterial sclerosis, general," "Myocarditis, chronic," "Ne-
phritis, chronic," "Pneumonia, broncho-" and others.
Class XII.-Affections produced by external causes.-In 1919 there
were 13 deaths in the Virgin Islands caused by violence, a death rate
of 49.4 per 100,000 population, less than one-half of the rate for the
registration area of the United States. One of these deaths was
suicidal, none was homicidal and the remaining 12 accidental.
During the period 1909-1918 the death rate for St. Thomas-St. John
from these causes was 61.4. It includes 1 homicide and 3 suicides.
The problems of life in these islands are evidently not often compli-
cated enough to suggest suicide as the solution and misunderstand-
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 37
CHART No. 6.-Death rates per 1,000 population from certain important causes of death
in St. Thomas-St. Johnfor each of the years, 1909-1919.
510
465
450
4WC
5/ ---
I i
420 .I___ s
4"5 ,, -\% ST - -- --- -- I i -- --
375
no
<, 7 ---\-- -- --- --- .^ -- --
405 ---- ---_ --- ----___ -----A - ------- a* -- --
270-- ------A'--
ss - --- -' \ t-- -t_ I -
31 Ii I I I
"55
75
0---
^^3^=^11
51f '- -fl -- \ *" /** -W \ -
I19 10 11 12 '1 '14
16 17 41 1
ings and quarrels are peacefully settled according to law. Most of the
accidental deaths were due to drowning, with a death rate of 11.5 in
38 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
1919 and 28.9 period 1909-1918. The low death rate from other
external causes is due to the absence of railroads, street cars and other
common means of injury.
INFANT MORTALITY.
During the calendar year 1919 the Virgin Islands had to record 133
deaths among infants under 1 year of age, representing an infant
mortality, that is, the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age
per 1,000 born alive, of 173. The child born alive in these islands had
thus not much more than one chance out of five to live to its first
birthday, a sad outlook, but yet hopeful in view of the records of
previous years. In 1908 almost one-half died before they reached
the age of 1 year, and since then and up to 1918 about one-third have
had less than a year to live.
The following table (Table 4) shows the number of deaths under 1
year of age and the infant mortality rate, for St. Croix since 1901, for
St. Thomas since 1907, and for St. John and all Virgin Islands since
1911. On charts 7, 8, 9, and 10 the infant mortality rates given in
this table are shown by curves, and, as in the case of the general
mortality, there has been added the tentative infant mortality rate
for 1920, based upon the number of deaths under 1 year during the
first quarter of this year and the tentative annual average for the
5-year period 1916-1920.
TABLE 4.-Deaths under 1 year (exclusive of stillbirths) and infant mortality rate (number
of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1.000 born alive) in the Virgin Islands and
each island.
Calendar year.
Virgin Islands.
Number!nfant
ofdert mortal-
1 year. ity.
1Ser
1901.......................... ......... .........
1902.......................... .... ............
1903.......................... ......... .........
1904....... .......... ... .. .....
1905.............. ........ ........
Annual average, 1901-
1905.......... ....... ......... .........
Thomas.
1906............... .... .. .
1907.... 360 380.1
1908.......................... 335 400.2
1909................. ........ 295 331.1
1910........................... 257 286.5
Annual average, 1906- I
1910 ................. ......... .........
Annual average, 1907- 31
1910 .................. 311.8 349.5
Virgin Islands.
1911 ....................... 252 346.2
1912.......................... 252 332
1913.......................... 266 338
1914 ......................... 271 343
1915 ......................... 191 269.1
Annual average, 1911-
1915................. 246.5 325.7
1916......................... 2 282.9
1917.......................... 212 328.9
1918.......................... 181 266.6
1919.......................... 133 173
St. Croix.
sI-
Numberl Infant
3f deaths mortal-
under i t.,
1 year. ty-
232 358.6
209 368.8
192 333.8
225 393.4
207 379.8
213 366.9
St. Thomas. St. John.
Number
f deaths
under
1 year.
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
(I)
(I)
ILfant
mortal-
ity.
(')
(1)
(1)
0()
(1)
(I)
1)
Number Inant
of deaths mortal-
under
Year. ity.
(1) ( )
(I) (I)
(1) (I )
(I) 0)
166 329.3 () () (1) (1)
254 450.3 106 304.6 () (1)
249 476.1 86 282 () (1)
236 472.9 59 167.6 (1) 1)
168 303.7 89 261 (1) (1)
214.6 406.5 ...... .. ........... ........
.................. 85 252.6 ................
197 436.8 54 178.8 1 34.5
164 401 80 250.8 8 I 200
167 390.1 96 290.9 3 100
177 405.1 86 272.2 8 216.2
123 305.2 67 216.8 1 28.6
165.6 387.5 76.6 243 4.2 121.7
I No records available.
67
72
42
41
241.9
263.7
152.7
136.7
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 39
CHART NO. 7.-Infant mortality rate, Virgin Islands.
S- - -- --
S ------------ -------
4SI-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
457 - - - -- -- - - -- -- -- --
44---
430 -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
43--
4K0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
7--------
4t0
II
tI- -- -
I7 ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70- ANNUAL . -
0 TENTATIVE ANNUAL - -
-- AVERAGE ANNUAL .......
TENTATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL. -
to--
i7- - - - - - - --....- - -
|U --I - -- - -
140t -- a -- a -- 4 --5 --6 --? --3 --3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
HI0 va 103
94 95 *06 ST 98 MS 90 98 I
40 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
CHART No. 8.-Infant mortality rate, St. Croix.
. III
I1 I l I I I | | | | I I r r
r----l---i-ilt i
1- -
'-J I -& /A
ss^'-V/--- ---Vf- -+- -\\-^ -
S ,-------------t---
350
I
ta7
o -
IS
i AN i NAL...................-
o T-NTATIVE ANNUAL......- -
I VERAlE ANNUAL. .......
4-TENTATIVE AVERAG- ANNUAL. ,
30
so-----
240 -- --- 0--
U O - - -- - - -- - - - -\ -
1 7 0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
(40 - - - - - T-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --NUAL
130 -- - - - - - - - - -
(20 -- -- -- - - - - - - - -
1 1 --S- - - - -- - - -
A
8908
'
OS
'
03
'
94
0* 5 S
S I* 97 18 *19 *
20
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 41
CHART No. 9.-Infant mortality rate, St. Thomas.
S40--
40--------------
540-------------
410
4I0------------------------------
150--
4(0----------------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
480------------
470 --- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
450 -- --------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
440----------------
4a0n--------------
150-
4s0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40--s -- -- --------- ---- ----- --
210------ --------------------
ago A
3s --- -- -------------- ------
250- - - - -- --------- -- -----
O------
a15 - - -
3M0----
o--------------
gee-------------
0 ---- -- -- -- --
hi-------------------- ----------------------------
3W------------'------------------------
"C-------^------------------------
sa----------------1 _ _ ____ _ _
sa-------------A-- ---- --- .- --
tie-----------------i--
'40-----------------------\-
no-------
70 -- -- ANNUAL ..............
60 - TENTATIVE ANNUAL ..... -
50- AVERAGE ANNUAL. .... ..
40 -- TENTATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL i, ---
0------ --- -III----------------
'I----_______________-I-
S -
P03 '04 'OS fOs 'OT *'00 9 10 'II 12 14 IS 16 '17 10 1) '20
`001 02
42 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
CHART No. 10.-Infant mortality rate, St. John.
5--
C0- --- - -- ---
510 - - -- -
500- AMUAL ...... ..............
410 -TENTATIfE AMNUALU............- --
400- -- VERAGE ANNUAL ............
470 TEWTATIIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL.. -
460
410-------------
340--
370
70o - ----- ---- -I--- -
330 - - - - - - - - -
320-- -- -- ----- -
230
310-- - - - - - - - - -
S-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
aWse
210--- --- --- -- -- ---- - -
270 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2I------------------------ --- --
IIei-
so A4-
210
40 -- - ---- --- -
2* - - ---------- ---- -- --- - --
I 1 0--- -- -
aa---------_K -4----\-------
11 ==0=E=3 ==
IB - ----- - - - - U - -
40 - - - - -- - - - - -
30 -- - - - - - - t _ -
2 0 - - - - - - - - - -
10 - - - - - - - - - -
0-5 -I------ --- -I- --- --- -I-
t901 *02 '0S C4 '05 'OS '07 V08 09
10 '* 12 '13 '14 15 916
97 '98 19'20
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 43
It will be seen that the infant mortality in St. Croix exceeds that
of St. Thomas and St. John throughout the periods for which com-
parable records are available. In the period 1901-1905 St. Croix
had an annual average infant mortality rate of 366.9, and this
shameful figure rose during the following 5-year period 1906-1910
to 406.5, that is, 40.7 per cent of children born alive died before
1 year of age. In 2 years of this period, 1908 and 1909, almost
one-half died, 47.6 and 47.3 per cent, respectively. During the
following 5-year period 1911-1915 a slight decrease occurred, but
only to the annual' average of 387.5. It remained around this
figure during the following 3 years, 327.3 in 1916, 397.7 in 1917, and
356.8 in 1918, and then dropped abruptly in 1919 to 203.3, a reduc-
tion of by more than one-third. The tentative rates for 1920 show
that this low level will probably be maintained or show only a slight
raise.
In St. Thomas the infant mortality has been considerably less.
The 4-year period 1907-1910 had an average of 252.6. During the
5-year'period 1911-1915 the annual average decreased to 243. In
1916 there was a slight decrease below this annual average to 241.9
and in 1917 an increase to 263.7. Then came the sudden drop, a
year before the corresponding decrease in St. Croix, a drop to 152.7.
In 1919 there was another decrease, placing the figure at 136.7, and
the tentative rate for 1920 promises a still greater decrease, down
to 71.1.
For St. John the records of infant mortality are different. It
should be recalled that this island has only a population of less than
1,000, and that therefore the large annual fluctuations are of little
significance while the annual averages give a fair indication of the
facts. Records for this island are available only from 1911. The
annual average for the 5-year period 1911-1916 stood at 121.7.
During the succeeding years the annual rates have been considerably
above this, 142.9 in 1916, 137.9 in 1917, 205 in 1918, and 125 in 1919.
The 1920 tentative rate suggests no decrease, but its figure, 142.9,
will bring the annual average for 1916-1920 up to 150.9.
Causes of infant mortalty.-Table 10 shows the diseases and con-
ditions certified as causes of death during the first year of life and
their distribution on certain periods of the year. This table has
been compiled only for calendar year 1919. Similar statistics for
St. Thomas and St. John, calendar years 1909-1918, corresponding
to Table 7 could be compiled, but due to the work of the "corpse
inspectors," who seem to have been trusted particularly when it
came to certify to the deaths of infants, these statistics would be not
only unreliable but very misleading.
1t BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
The table for 1919 gives some significant information, and points
out the means for future work in the prevention of infant mortality.
Seen from this point of view, the causes of death may be grouped
under the following heads:
1. Diseases and physical inferiority of parents.
Prematurity..............................................................
Syphilis................................................................
Congenital malformations....................................
Tuberculosis (all forms)........ .................................
Total............................................
St. Thom- irgin
St.Croix. -St. Vrn
John.
S -I -
13 12 1 25
4 4 S
1 2 3
7 1 8
25 19 44
2. Injuries and neglect at birth.
Hemorrhage from umbilical cord........................................ 5
3. Errors in infant feeding and neglect in infant care.
Malnutrition......................................................... 12
Enterocolitis, colitis, and gastroenteritis.................................. 7
Stom atitis................................................................
Scurvv ....................----------- -
Pellagra ........................... ...................................... -.-....
Total............. ............................. ...... 20
4. Acute infectious diseases.
Bronchitis and pneumonia.. ....................................... 19
Whooping cough.................................................................
Influenza ................................................................. .........
Meningitis, cerebral............................ .............................
Pemphigus neonatorum.................................................... ........
Total......................................................... 19
5. Miscellaneous.
Unknown................................ ...............................
Convulsions, infantile..................................................
Sarcoma of arm...........................................................
Otitis media, acute.......................................................
(Edema of lung..........................................................
Atelectasis............................... ..............................
Bronchial asthma............................................ ..........
Obstruction, acute intestinal........... .............................
Total...........................................................
11
2
1
3
18
I Ij I
3 15
5 12
. ...... ]
9 2S
1 1
1
1 1
-= i ---
1
I 1
I 1
I 1
13 32
--- -i '
.......... 1
.......... 2
.......... 1
1I 1
1 1
3 21
The classification may not be scientifically correct on all points
but is accurate enough to lead the work against infant mortality
along the right lines.
It is somewhat surprising to note that 44 deaths, about one-third,
fall in group 1, and have to be ascribed to impaired health of the
parents. Syphilis plavs here a more prominent r6le than indicated
by the number of deaths (8) stated to have been caused by this dis-
ease. It is hidden behind "Prematurity" in most cases, and prob-
ably also behind "Congenital malformations." Tuberculosis, fatal
during the first year of life, can undoubtedly be traced to the mother
in most cases and thus justify its place in this group.
The small number of deaths in group 2 is also a surprise to those
familiar with conditions under which many births occur in these
islands. In the annual report of the chief municipal physician for
the fiscal year 1918-19 the following paragraphs under the heading
"Obstetrical and infant welfare service" is informing:
This truly vital branch of the medical service has previous to the present fiscal
year been almost wholly left in the hands of the midwives. The midwives attended
to all labors and puerperiums and to the infants during the first tender days of life,
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 45
and no other efforts were made to assist parents in their care of the infants or to fore-
stall disease and death. Physicians' attendance was given only when applied for in
cases of abnormalities and disease.
The results obtained through this service were as satisfactory as could be expected.
The midwives, native women of St. Thomas, had received a thorough training in
their profession in the state lying-in hospital in Copenhagen and were well qualified
for their work. They performed their duties faithfully and with zeal, in spite of the
discouraging conditions under which they worked. It was indeed a hard task to be
a municipal midwife in this community; not only were they subjected to the usual
discomforts of a midwife, irregular hours, insufficient sleep and rest and lack of time
for recreation, being always subject to call, but they had to render their service in the
most unfavorable surroundings and usually without cooperation and often with antago-
nism on the part of the mother and relatives. What hideous sights they beheld in
the destitute huts of the natives. The parturient, in despair from suffering, lying
on a cot, or more commonly on the floor in her soiled clothes wrapped in dirty rags,
with perhaps one infant and some children in the same cot or on the floor, and the
adult relatives and usually curious neighbors crowding around the expectant
mother. More commonly the midwife was not called until the birth had been com-
pleted, and she then found the newborn on the floor in the pool of postpartum blood,
secretions and excretions, or within the clothing of the mother, where the new life
might have been trying to get a start for 15 or 30 minutes. In this atmosphere of
beastly ignorance the municipal midwife had to do obstetrical work.
In St. Croix the conditions were no better and, which was still
worse, the midwives were inferior to those of St. Thomas an4 could
not be as closely supervised by the municipal hospitals. This
accounts for the fact that of the 6 deaths in this group 5 occurred in
St. Croix.
The :*0 deaths in group 3 tell the tale of mothers ignorant of how
to nurse and feed an infant, of unmarried mothers who have to lea- e
their babies with the neighbors or close them up in the huts while
they go out and carry coal or work in the sugar fields, of babies fed
on saTou e, corn meal, bush tea and sugar water instead of milk.
They are deaths for which communities in future states may be
charged with manslaughter, and the plea'spell, "guilty."
The diseases in group 4 are probably the most difficult to rev ent,
but the fact that bronchitis and pneumonia, which are the principal
ones, are rarely seen amongst children in the ideal climatic condi-
tions of these islands when the home and surroundings are toler-
ably hygienic suggests the importance of better home hygiene.
Group 5 includes a few deaths from miscellaneous causes not
readily classified and 11 deaths in St. Croix for which the cause of
death was "unl-nown," a dark spot in the searchlight lens of reliable
statements of causes of death obscuring somewhat the illuminated
battlefield.
The strategy-in the campaign against infant death in these islands
may now be seen.
1. Fight syphilis and treat the syphilitic, and treat him thoroughly
and persistently. Antepartum examinations of all expectant mothers
and antepartum care when needed.
2. Better obstetrics. Train the midwife and keep her trained.
Inform the expectant mothers of the value of labor attendance and
make them at least realize that the midwives can do more than tie
the cord.*
3. Teach the mothers infant care. The mother who knows that
corn meal and water will kill her baby is not stirring that mixture
but buys milk for her last cent.
4. Open the shutters of the huts and let sun and "night air" in.
5. Should yet a death occur, find the cause of death, and throw
the light on without shadows.
46 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
This strategy includes the principles that has guided the progress
in obstetrical attendance and infant welfare since the present de-
partment of health was organized in 1918. The results obtained
are remarkable indeed. An infant mortality which in the past has
been alarmingly high has during two years been reduced by almost
one-third, down to and below the infant mortality in the United
States. In making this comparison it should be recalled that about
95 per cent of the population of these islands are colored and that the
conditions that give the higher infant mortality among this race in
the United States also exist in these islands. In 1916 the infant
mortality rate in the registration area of the United States is recorded
by the Bureau of the Census as 99 for the white and 185 for the
colored, which latter exceeds the 1919 rate for the Virgin Islands
(173) by 12. In St. Thomas the infant mortality rate (136.7) ap-
proaches that of the white and will in all probability tall considerably
below in 1920. as shown by the tentative rate 71.1.
STILLBIRTHS.
Stillbirths have many features in common with the early deaths of
infants and may be considered an anterartum infant mortality.
There are at least two principal etiological factors in the infant mor-
tality that also enter into the causes of stillbirths, namely, abnormali-
ties of parents and accidents at birth. A high infant mortality
should therefore be accompanied by a high percentage of stillbirths,
and such has been the case in the Virgin Islands. In the table below
(Table 5) are shown the number of stillbirths for St. Croix since 1901
and for St. Thomas and St. John and the Virgin Islands since 1907,
and the number per 100 children born alive.
TABLE 5.-Number of stillbirths and number per 100 children born alive in the Virgitn
Islands and each island.
Calendar year. Virgin Islands. St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John.
MNumber. Percent. Number: Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Per cen.
1901......................... .................. 35 5.1 (1) (1) (i) ()
1902......................... ......... ......... 21 3.6 () (I ) () (i )
1903.......................................... 17 2.9 ) I () () i()
1904 .......................... ......... ......... 3' 5.9 () 0') ) ()
105 ......................... .................. 29 5.1 (1) (1) ()
Annual average, 1901-
1905..................
1906..........................
1907..........................
1908..........................
1909..........................
1910.........................
Annual average, 1900-
1910..................
Annual average, 1907-
1910 ................
1911 ........................
1912..........................
1913.........................
1914.........................
1915.........................
Annual average, 1911-
1915 .................
1916.........................
1917.........................
1918..........................
1919..........................
........ ......... 27.6 4.5 (1) (1) () (v)
......... ......... 38 7.0 () () (1)
60 6.01 38 6.3 22 5.9 ..
70 7.7 30 6.7 33 9.8 1 3.2
83 8.5 40 7.4 43 10.9 .. .........
88 9.0 .50 8.8 36 9.5 .
.................. 40.4 7.3 ..................
75.2 8.1 ......... ......... 33.5 9.1 .8 2.4
80 9.3 39 8.0 39 11.4 2 6.5
77 9.2- 34 7.8 43 11.9 .................
64 7.5 28 6.2 36 9.6 ..
80 9.2 42 8.8 37 10.5 1 .6
57 7.1 31 7.1 26 7.7.................
71.6 8.5 35 7.6 36.2 10.2 .6 1.6
60 7.8 37 8.7 21 7.0 2 4.5
46 6.7 24 6.7 21 7.1 1 3.3
70 9.3 33 8.2 23 7.7 4 10.5
89 10.3 64 13.0 25 7.7 .................
' No records available.
t No records available.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 47
It will be seen that the percentage of stillbirths has been very
constant during these periods, varying only from 6 to 10.3 per cent.
The table is disappointing in not showing the reduction in 1919,
which undoubtedly occurred together with and probably in propor-
tion to the reduction in infant mortality. On the other hand, it
shows a slight increase. This failure of the statistics to show a
logical condition is a result of the workings of the new vital statistics
law passed in 1918 and 1919. This law provides that all stillborn
children that have advanced to the fifth month of uterogestation
shall be registered as-stillbirths, while under the old law stillbirths
were registered only if they occurred after the expiration of the
seventh month of pregnancy. It is probable that the additional still-
births registered under the new law were in excess of the increase
shown, and that an actual decrease has occurred.
The statistics submitted with this report reveal to some extent
the result of the work of the department of health in the Virgin
Islands of the United States during the three years that these islands
have been under the administration of the Navy Department. In
1917 the sanitary conditions and the ills and health of the population
of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John were about the same as in the
surrounding islands of the West Indies. The mortality was higher
than in most of the other islands, and in no other island were the
people facing extinction on account of an excess of deaths over
irths.
In 1919 the Virgin Islands of the United States may be put on
the health map of the world as the healthiest islands of the Antilles.
They have gotten ahead of their large wealthy neighbors to the
west under the American flag or protection, and they can show their
British, Dutch, and French friends to the east and south how readily
the gross soiling and infections of the islands in the Caribbean Sea
can be cleaned off and prevented. But the work has only begun.
If continued, great things may be accomplished. An "absolute
mortality" is within the possibilities for these islands with their
favorable place on this earth, rising, as they do, out of the purified
water of the ocean, cleaned by cloudburst showers, sterilized in the
rays of the tropical sun, and cooled by the refreshing breeze of the
trade winds.
The statistics contained in this report were compiled under the
direction of Commander Mink, M. C., United States Navy, and
with the able assistance of Chief Pharmacist William J. Riney,
United States Navy, and Cyril Creque, clerk, department of health.
ST. THOMAS, VIRGIN ISLANDS, April 10, 1920.
ERIK G. HAKANSSON,
Lieutenant Commander, M. C., U. S. Navy,
Chief Municipal Physician, St. Thomas-St. John.
TABLE 6.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by causes, for the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year
1919, and the annual average death rates per 100,000 population for St. Thomas-St. John, 10-year period 1909-1918.
St. Croix. St. T
Numenlr IDptlhs Number
of Pnr of
Ildealhs. 1I0.(0). deaths.
All causes...... .... ....... ..................... ... .. ..... ... 352
SI. General diseases...... ............................ .... 77
Typhoid fever.... ................................................
Malaria....................................... .................... .......
Whooping cough....... ............................................
Influenza......... ..................... ............. I...
Dysentery..............................................................
Dysentery, bacllary..............................................
Dysentery, entamebic............................... .............. 1
Leprosy ................................................................
Erysipilas .................................................................
Other epidemic diseases... ................................. .........
Purulent infection and septicemia.............................. .. .......
Septicemia.............................................................
Tetanus........ ............. ........................................... 2
Pellagra.................................................................. 8
Pellagra....................................... 4
Pellagra with psychosis..... ................................. 4
Tuberculosis of the lungs.............. ............................ 28
Tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary..................... 28
Acute military tuberculosis............................................... 5
Tuberculosis, acute general............................................
Tuberculosis, acute pulmonary miliary................................. 3
Tuberculosis, acute pneumonic.............. 1
Tuberculosis, acute broncho-pneumonic ........................... .....
Tuberculous meningitis...................................................
Abdominal tubrcuosis....................................... ............ .
Tuberculosis ofperitoneum..............
Tuberculosis of other organs............... ............................ 8
Tuberculosis of kidney..................... ................. ......
Tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes.......... ....... ..............
Tuberculosis of bronchiallymph nodes............................ .
2,362.3
176
homas.
Deatl.hs
ncr
11X),(07).
1,727
St. John.
Numlher Deaths
of ner
deaths. 100,000.
1,251.3
Virgin Islands.
Number deathss
of per
lieaths. s 100,000.
540 2,072.9
106.7 1 5I 569.1 1 104.3 1360 522
6.7
6.7
6.7
13.4"
53.7
26.8
26.8
187.9
187.9
33.0
6.7
20.1
6.7
. .7.
.........,. ......
.......... ......
I 39.8
1 9.8
1 9.8
1 9.8
1 9.8
4 39.3
4 39.3
.......... ..........
19 1A85.4
19 185.4
3 29.4
.......... .........
2 19.6
.......... .........
1 9.8
1 9.8
1 9.8
.......... ..........
.......... ..........
..........
..... .....
..........
104.3
104 3
..........
..........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
2
1
1
2
3
12
8
4
47
47
1
1
8
9
1
1
1
3.8
3.8
7.7
11.5
3.8
7.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
11.5
46.1
30.0
15.4
180.4
180.4
30.6
3.8
19.2
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
34.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
In-
terna-
tional
No.
Annual M
average 0
death -3
rate per
100,000
popula- i>
tion, St. V
Thomas- t
St. John,
1909-1018.
0
2,862.9 -
539.2 ,
37.7
8
7 0
7
12.3
..........
9 .
1:8 U
15.8
18.:4
128.7
185.9
3. 5
1.8
5.9 0
2.6
I
CaIse ofdealIth.
..........
. ...... ...
..........
..... .....
...... .. ...
..........
..... .....
... .. .....
..... .. ...
..... .....
..........
..........
..........
..........
. .........
..........
..........
. ........
.........
..........
Tuberculosis of thymus gland..........................................
Tuberculosis of knee points .............................................
Tuberculosis of mesenteric lymph nodes................................
Rickets................................................
i s ..... ... ......... ................................
Syphilis, congenital.................................................
Syphilis of aorta............................. .....................
Syphilis of brain ...........................................
Syphilis of kidney..............................................."...
Syphlis of rectum..................................... ............
Syphilis of aorta and aortic valves........................... ......
Syphilis of cerebral meninges...........................................
Syphilis,secondary.......................................
Syphilis of arteries of brain.................................
Gonococcus infection.............................. ...................
Lymphadenitis, acute, of Inguinal lymph nodes, chancroldal ..........
Gonococcus infectionof fallopian tube........... ..................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the stomach, liver..................
Carcinoma of liver.................................... .........
Carcinoma of stomach...............................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the female genital organs............
Carcinoma of uterus.........................
Carcinoma of ovaries......... .........................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the breast...... .... .......
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the skin............................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of other organs and of organs not specl-
fied..............................................................
Carcinoma of arm. ..............................
Carcinoma of bladder....... ..........................
Carcinoma of mouth........ ...........................
Carcinoma of tongue.................................................
Other tumors (tumorsof the female genital organs excepted)...............
Acute particular rheumatism.. .................................
Chronic rheumatism and gout..............................................
Scurvy................................................................
Diabetes..........................................................
Anemia, chlorosis ....................................................
Other general diseases..........................................
Alcoholism (acute and chronic).................................. ...
Alcoholic psychosis............................... ...................
II. Diseases of thenervous system and of the organs ofspeclalsense..
Encephalitis...............................................................
Abscess of brain............................................... ...
Simple meningitis................................................
Meningitis, cerebrospinal..............................................
Meningitiscerebral.... ............................
Locomotor ataxia..........................................................
Tabes dorsalis with arthropathy....................................
Tabes dorsalls......................................
2
1
3
..........
10
3
1
4
4
3
1
1
1
..........
1
1
13.4
6.7
20.1
..........
67.1
6.7
6.7
26.8
6.7
6.7
..........
6.7
26.8
26.8
26.8
20.1
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
1
1
9
4
1
2
1
1
1
.........
1
8
7
1
1
..........
1
..........
........ i.
..........
9.8
9.8
88.3
39.3
9.8
19.6
9.8
9.8
..........
9.8
9.8
19.6
9.8
9.8
78.5
68.7
9.8
9.8
..........
9.8
..........
9.8
9.8
16 107.4 14 137.4
_____________ _____________ _____________ F1-- - 1
19.6
9.8
9.8
19.6
9.8
9.8
2
1
2
1
1
..........
..........
21.9
..........
..........
..........
32.4
..........
21
5.9
1.8
12.3
...
5.9
2.6
2.6
3.5
11.4
7
28.9
259.
259.5
1.8
5.9
5.5
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
32
15.4
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
..........
...... .
3.8
7.7
7.7
122.8
208.6
1 104.3
1 104.3
.......... ..........
.... . .I. . .
TABLE 6.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by causes, for the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year
1919, and the annual average death rates per 100,000 populationfor St. Thomas-St. John, 10-year period 1909-1918-Continued.
Cause of dea h.
In-
terna-
tional
No.
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
79A
79B
79C
790
St. Croix.
St. Thomas.
Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
. .------------------ --
6.7
6.7
46.9
20.1
26.8
26.8
26.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
13.4
13.4
9
8
'1
..........
1
268
87.3
78.5
9.8
..........
9.8
9.8
....1......
.. 5.. 1..
1
1
7
3
4
...........
4
4
1
1
2
63 422.8
___________ .1 I. -' 1-- I* '1----
II. Diseases of the nervous system and of the organs of special sense-
Continued.
Other diseases of the spinal cord............................................
Hemorrhage into spinal cord...........................................
Cerebral hemorrhage; apoplexy.........................................
Apoplexy........... ..... ........................................
Hemorrhage into cerebrumn............ ............................
Hemorrhage subdural.............................................
Softening of the brain................................................
Paralysis without specified cause ..................... ........
Hem iplegia, old.......................................................
General paralysis of the insane..........................................
Other forms of mental alienation...........................................
Dementia precox........................................
Epilepsy.............. ..................................................
Convulsions (nonpuerperal)................................................
Convulsions of infants .....................................................
Convulsions, infantile (5 years).................................. ....
Neuralgia and neuritis...................................................
Other diseases ofthe nervous system......................................
Diseases of the eyes and their annexa................... ................
Diseases of the ears.................................
Otitis media, acute...................................
II. Diseases of the circulatory system..............................
Pericarditls...............................................
Pericarditis, acute...................................
Endocarditis, acute ........................................
Organic diseases of the heart..............................................
Valvular disease, chronic cardiac....... ......................
Endocarditis, chronic.....................................
Myocarditis, chronic.................................
Rupture of heart, spontaneous.......................................
1
1
1
17
8
1
8
9.8
9.8
9.8
136.6
78.5
9.8
78.5
..........
44
16
6
21
1
St. John.
Number
of
deaths.
Virgin Islands.
Number Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
Deaths
per
100,000.
294.8
107.4
40.3
140.9
6.7
Annual
average
death
rate per
100,000
popula-
tion, St.
Thomas-
St. John,
1909-1918.
5.5
.. .
146.4
19.3
1.8
3.5
18.4
8
2.7
6.9
.9
.9
1.8
257.8
1.8
215.7
1
1
16
3
12
2
1
1
2
2
90
104.3
3.8
3.8
61.4
11.5
46.1
3.8
15.4
15.4
3.8
3.8
3.8
7.7
7.7
7.7
34---. 4
7.7
7.74
345.4
3.8
3.8
3.8
234.2
92.1
26.9
111.3
3.8
104.3
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.......... .........
Diseases of the arteries, atheroma, aneurism, etc..........................
Aortltis...................... ........................................
Arterial sclerosis, general...............................................
Aneurism of arch of aorta.........................................
Aneurism of abdominal aorta..........................................
Aneurism of thoracic aorta.............................................
Aneurism of aorta.....................................................
Embolism and thrombosis............................................. ...
Embolism of pulmonary artery........................................
Diseases of the lymphatic system (lymphangitis, etc.)......................
Hemorrhage; other diseases of the circulatory system......................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory system..............................
Diseases of the larynx........................ ........................
Diseases of the thyroid body........ .................................
Myxedema.............................................................
Acute bronchitis........................................................
Chronic bronchitis...................................... ..............
Broncho-pneumonia......................................................
Pneumonia ................................................................
Pneumonia, lobar................... ............................
Pleurisy................ .............................................
Pleurisy, acute fibrinous............................................
Pulmonary congestion; pulmonary apoplexy.............................
(Edema of lung..................................................
Gangrene of the lung..............................
Asthma.................................. ..........................
Bronchial asthma....................................................
Other diseases of the respiratory system (tuberculosis excepted)............
V. Diseases of the digestive system.................................
Diseases of the mouth and annexa.........................................
Stomatitis.............................................................
Diseases of the pharynx...................................
Pharynsitis, acute......................................................
Ulcer of the stomach.......................................................
Other diseases ol the stomach (cancer excepted)................ ....
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)....................................
Colitis, acute (2 years minus)...............................
Gastroenteritis (2 years minus)............................... ....
Enterocolitis (2 years minus)................................. ..
Enteritis, acute (2 years minus)..............................
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and over)........................ ........
Ulcer of duodenum.....................................................
Colitis, chronic (2 years plus)..........................................
Gastroenteritis (2 years plus)............................................
Intestinal parasites.............. ........................................
Appendicitis and typhlitis.......................... .. ............
Appendicitis, acute.....................................................
18
3
12
2
1
..........
1
I1
54
25
18
18
1
1
2
2
..........
120.6
20.1
80.5
13.4
6.7
6.7
6.7
..........
7
1
3
..........
2
1
..........
68.6
9.8
29.4
19.6
9.8
..........
362.4 1 16 I 157
167.8
120.8
120.8
6.7
6.7
13.4
13.4
..........
........ ..... ...... ....... ... .... 8 ..........
.......... .......... 1 9.8 ..........
8 53.7 .......... .......... ..........
10 98.1 2
4 39. .........
4 39.3 ..........
9.8
9.8
..........
..........
1
1
23 1 154.4 1 1 1 137.4
1
1
11
....... ii"
10
.........
6.7
6.7
..........
73.8
S..... '..... i
67.1
6.7
9.8
9.8
29.4
19.6
9.8
9.8
..........
29.4
9.8
19.6
9.8
..........
9.8
9.8
..........
4
2
1
1
..........
4
1
1
1
.. .. .
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
104.3 26
.......... 24
104.3. 16
.......... 2
.......... 1
.......... 2
.......... 1
.......... I1
.......... I.. .l
208.6 72
...208.6.
104.3
15.4
61.4
7.7
3.8
7.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
276.4
3.8
3.8
30.6
142
84 4
84.4
3.8
3.8
7.7
7.7
..........o
3.8
3.8
145.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
..........
61.4
7.7
42.2
7.7
3.8
15.4
3.8
7.7
3.8
3.8
8.8
35.9
.9
3.5
165.7
3.5
.9
20.8
64.9
53.5
5.5
1.8
1.8
2.6
660.2
5.5
.9
..........
11.4
8.8
358.6
..........
212.2
1.8
2.6
..........
1
1
8
22
22
22
1
2
1
138
38
1
1
1
1
2
11
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
-| --I
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.... ....
..........
..........
---1---1---1----1-- --lI-- .
I I
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
..........
1.
..........
l..........
S..........
TABLE 6.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by causes, for the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year
1919, and the annual average death rates per 100,000 populationfor St. Thomas-St. John, 10-year period 1909-1918-Continued.
Cause of death.
St. Croix.
Number
of
deaths.
V. Diseases of the digestive system-Continued.
Hernias; intestinal obstructions............................................
Obstruction, acute intestinal..........................................
ernia, inguinal, strangulated.........................................
Diseases of the intestine....................................................
Sprue...................................................
Cirrhosis of the liver.........................................
Cirrhosis of liver, atrophic.............................................
Biliary calculi.......................................................
Cholelithiasis.........................................................
Other diseases of the liver...............................................
Cholecystitis, acute.....................................................
Abscess of liver.......................................................
Simpleperitonitis (nonpuerperal) ........................................
Peritonitis, acute local..............................................
Peritonitis, acute general..............................................
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the genlto-urinary system and annexa...
Acute nephritis..........................................................
Bright's disease...........................................................
Nephritis, chronic interstitial.......................................
Nephritis, chronic parenchymatous.................... ............
Chyluria ..................................................................
Other diseases of the kidneys and annexa............................
Abscess of kidney..................................
Calculi of the urinary passages...........................................
Nephrolithiasis......................................................
Diseases of the bladder....................................................
Cystitis, acute.............................................
Diseases of the urethra, urinary, abscess, etc..........................
Nonvenereal diseases of the male genitalorgans.......................
Abscess of scrotum .................... ...................
Uterine tumor (noncancerous)........................................
4
3
1
.. ....
2
2
26
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
4
16
1
St. Thomas.
Deaths Number
,per of
100,000. deaths.
20.8
20.1
6.7
13.4
6.7
6.7
13.4
6.7
6.7
13.4
6.7
6.7
174.5
26.8
107.4
94
13.4
6.7
a
1
1
3
3
1
16
15
..........1
.. .7 ........ 1
. ....... .......... 1
2 13.4 1
2 13.4 1
Deaths
per
100,000.
0.8
9.8
29.4
29.4
185.4
9.8
157
147.2
9.8
..........
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
St. John.
Number Deaths N
of per
deaths. 100,000.
1
..........
....... ...
..........
..........
..........
.........i ....... .. . ..".:::::::.:: : : :: : :
1 8.7 .............................
1 6.7 .......... .......... ..........
2 13.4 .......... .......... ..........
104.3
104.3
..........I
..........
..........
..........
..........
Virgin Islands.
lumber Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
5 19.2
4 15.4
1 3.8
3 11.5
3 11.5
2 7.7
2 7.7
1 3.8
1 3.8
2 7.7
1 3.8
1 3.8
2 7.7
1 3.8
1 3.8
46 176.6
6 23
32 122.8
29 111.3
3 11.5
......... ......
1 3.8
1 3.8
1 3.8
3 11.5
3 11.5
3 8
1 7.78
2 7.7
In-
terna-
tional
No.
Annual
average
death
rate per
100,000
popula-
tion, St.
Thomas-
St. John,
1909-1918.
17.6
27.2
........ .
7
13.2
... .
15.8
111.4
83.3
........'.
4.4.
1.8
5.5
4.4
8
Fibroma of uterus..................................................
130 Other diseases of the uterus...........................................
132 Salpingltis and other diseases of the female genital organs...................
VII. The puperal state........... .........................
134 Accidents of pregnancy........................................ ..
134B Gestation, extraterine................................... ......
135 Puerperal hemorrhage....... .................................. ..
Hemorrhage from uterus, parturition..... ............ .
136 Other accidents of labor.....................................
137 Puerperalsepticemia........................................
138 Puerperal albuminuria and convulsions............... ........
Toxemia of pregnancy, eclampsia parturition..................
Nephritis, acute, pregnancy......................................
139 Puerperalplegmasia alba dolens, embolus, sudden death.......
140 Following childbirth (not otherwisedefined)................ ......
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular tissue...................
142 Gangrene..............................................................
Gangrene of leg... ................................... ....
143 Furuncle....................................... .......
144 Acute abscoss ............................... ....... .. ...
Cellulltis of jaw................................ ..... ..
Abscess of sldn................................ .............
Cellulilis of foot................................. ......
145 C her diseases of the stin and annexa.................... .....
145C Elephantiasis, nonfilarial........................................
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of locomotion............
146 Diseases of the bones (tuberculosis excepted)............... .....
149 Other diseases of the organs of locomotion............ ............."
Abscess of quadriceps femoris muscle ....................... ...
X. Malformations............ .............................
150 Congenital malformations (stillbirths not included).........................
Congenital malformation of heart..............................
XI. Diseases of early infancy....................... ..............
151 Congenital debility, icterus and scleroma...............
151B Malnutrition (1 year minus). ....... ............
151B Prematurity........... .................. ..........................
152 Other diseasespeculiar to early infancy... ..........................
152B Atelectasls (3 months minus)........ ...........................
152B Hemorrhage from umbilical cord.... ......................
152B Pemphigus neonatorum (3 months minus)....... ...............
2
2
13.4 ................
13.4 3 29.4
104.3
2
6
7.7.
2.6
2.
23 22.8
S 1 9.8 .................... 1 3.8 .9
. .. 1 9.8 ...... .. ....... 1 3 .........
.......... 1 9.8 .................... 1 3.8
......... .... 1 9.8 ................... 1 3.8
.......... ..... ... . . .......... .......... .......... .....i ... '.. ...... .......... 9
13.2
2 13.4 1I 9.8 1 104.3 4 15.4 13.2
1 6.7 1 0.8 ................... 2 7.7 ..........
1 6.7 .................... 1 104.3 2 7.7 ........
.9
4 26.8 1 9.8 .................... 5 19.2 11.i
1 6.7 .......... .......... .......... ........ 1 3.8 8.8
1 6.7 ...................................... 1 3.8 ........
1 .. .............. ... ............ ....1 3.8.. ...
1 6.7 ........................................ 1 3.8 .
1 9.8 .......... .......... 3 113.8
1 6.7 .......... .......... .......... .......... 1 3.8 ..........
1 6 ......... ....... .................. 1 3.8..........
1 ....... ........ ................................... 1 3.8 .......
1 6.7 ....................................... 1 3.8
1 6.7 ........................................ 1 3.8 1.8
. . . . i .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .8 . . . . ..
1 6.7 ........... .... .......... .......... ... 1 3.8 ..........
1 6.7 2 19.6 .................... 3 11.5 7.9
1 6.7 2 19.6 ................... 3 11.5 7.9
1 6.7 2 19.6 ................... 3 11.5 ....
34 228.2 16 157 2 208.6 52 199.6 201.7
12 80.5
14 93.8
8 53.7
3 20.1
5 33.6
14
3
11
2
1
1
137.2 208.6
29.4 1 104.3
107.9 1 104.3
19.6......... .......
9.8................
161.2 180.6
61.4.
99.8
38.4 21
11.5 ..........
23
3.8 .......
w
H
0
I
B
I-
o
H
Ci
0
!z
I-I
Co
TABLE 6.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by causes, for the Virgin Islands and each island, calendar year
1919, and the annual average death rates per 100,000 populationfor St. Thomas-St. John, 10-year period 1909-1918-Continued.
St. Croix. St. Thomas. St. John. Virgin Islands. Annual
average
death
In- rate er
terna- Cause of death. 100,'0
Cause of death. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths popular.
No of per of per of per of per ion St.
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 10,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. Thomas-
St. John,
1909-1918.
XII. Old age.................................... ................
154 Senility.............. ................................................
154A Senile psychosis......................................................
XIII. Affections produced by external causes......................
158 Suicide by drowning......................................... .
Drowning......... ............................ ..............
160 Suicide by cutting or piercing instruments..............................
163 Other suicides................................................ .
165 Other acute poisonings...................................................
165B Poisoning by cocaine anesthesia...................... .......
165B Poisoning by arsphenamine....... ...............................
166 Conflagration.............................................................
Burns, multiple..........................................................
167 Burns (conflagration excepted)..........................................
168 Absorptirn of deleterious gases............................................
Poisoning, acute (gases from old molasses in ship's hold) .........
169 Accidental drowning....................................................
169B Drowning...................................................
170 Traumatism by firearms..................................................
170C Wound, gunshot, of neck and chest................................
171 Traumatism by cutting or piercing instruments.......................
172 Traumatsm bv fall........................ ......................
Intracranial injury....... .....................
175 Traumatism by other crushing (vehicles, railroads, landslides, etc.).......
175F Intracranial injury.....................................
175H Suffocation..........................................................
179 Effects of heat..............................................
179B Sunstroke................................................ ....
184 Homicide bv other means................................................
186 Other external violence............................................
13.4 1.......... .......... ..........
I-3
0
F3
.4
rp
251.4
2 13.4 .......... ................ .......... 2 7.7 261.4
2 13.4 ............................. .......... 2 7.7 ..........
5 33.6 7 68.7 1 104.3 13 49.9 61.4
1 6.7
1 6.7
2 13.4
1 6.7
1 8.7
1 0.7
1 6.7
1 6.7
1
1
1
1
1
--- *. ....
1
1 **;
1
1
... .
.......... .......... ..........
9.8 ....................
9.8 ......... ..........
9.8 ......... ..........
9.8 .......... ..........
9.8 1 104.3
9.8 1 104.3
9.8 ......... ..........
9.8 ....................
9.8 .................
9.8 ...................
9.8 .......... .........
. .... .......... .........
: : ........... -.-...*.- ..-
1
1
1
1
1
....--....
1
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3.8
3.8
..........
7.7
3.8
3.8
8.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
11.8
11.5
11.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
7.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
.8
1.8
14.2 i
28.9
...9 $
1.8
3.5
3.5
''"
''"
""
.
XIV. Ill defined diseases................................. 44 296.3 ...................................... 44 168.9 292.9
187 Ill defined orani dsoas.............. .... .................. 16.7
189 Unclassified or lldefined.......................................... .. ......... 44 29.3..... .................... .......... 44 168.9 276.2
Cause of death not specified or ill defined.............................. 44 295.3 .......... .................. ....... 44 168.9 276.2
0
1-3
Go
i.
56 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918.
1909.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John.' pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.,
Inter-
na- Cause of death.
tional
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Nutnber Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
All causes ..................
I. General diseases.............
Typhoid fever........................ 2
Malaria................................: 1
Whooping cough...................... 2
Leprosy.............................. 1
Purulent infection and septicemia...... 1
Tetanus .............................. 2
Tuberculosis of the lungs............ 28
Syphilis.......................... 2
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the buccal cavity.................... 1
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach liver.................. 7
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the peritoneum, intestines, rectum... 3
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............ 2
Other tumors (tumors of the female
genital organs excepted)............. 2
Anemia, chlorosis................. 4
Alcoholism (acute or chronic).......... 4
II. Diseases of the nervous sys- I
ter and of the organs of
special sense............. 25
Encephalitis...................... 1
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........ 1
Softening of the brain............... 1
Other forms of mental alienation....... 2
Convulsions of infants (under 5 years
of age)............................. 1
Neuralgia and neuritis.... ........ 2
ITT. Diseases of the circulatory
system................... 19
Organic diseases of the heart........... 19
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system................... 17
Acute bronchitis...................... 2
Chronic bronchitis.................... 1
Broncho-pneumonia .................. 12
Pneumonia............... ..... 2
"~" "' "" ""~ I
259 2.410.2 .........
S62 577..... .........
18.6 .. ....... ........ ........
9.3 ......... ......... ........ .........
18.6 ......... .. ...............
9.3 ......... ................
18.6 ......... ......... ......... .........
260.6.................. ................
18.6 ................ ......... .........
9.3 ......... ........ ......... .........
9.3 .................. ..................
65.1 .................. ......... .........
12.9 .........
18.6 .............. ..................
18.6 .......
37.2 .......
37.2 .........
232.6 .........
9.3 ........
167.5 .........
9.3 .........
18.6 .........
9.3 ......
18.6 .........
176.8
176.8
158.8
18.6
9.3
111.7
18.6
...... ..... ....... ....
......... ......... .........
.. ....... .........
......... ..............
......... ......... .........
V. Diseasesof the digestive system. 69 642.1 .................. ......... .........
99 Diseases of the mouth and annexa..... 1 9.3 .......... ...................
102 Ulcer of the stomach................... 1 9.3 .........
103 Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
excepted).... ............... 1 9.3 ......... .................
104 Diarrhea and enteriis (nnder 2 years).. 50 465.3 ......... ................
105 Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and over) 10 93 .................. ......... .........
107 Intestinal para-iles... 1 9.3 .....
109-2 I ntestinal obstruction................ 1 9.3 .........
115 Other diseases of the liver............. 3 27.9.. ...
117 Simplc peritonitis(nonpuerperal)...... 1 9.3 ............
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
Sgenito-urinary sysl em and
annexa.................... 8 74.4 ...... .. ....... .......
120 Brightf disease.................. 7 65 .......... ......... ........ ......
122 Other diseases of the kidneys and an-
nexa................................ 1 9.3 .................. ........ ....
SNo records available.
I
......... ....
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 57
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1909-Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John.I pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.'
Inter-
na-
tiona1 Cause of death.
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
VII. The puerperal state........ 4 37.2 ....................................
136 Other accidents of labor............... 1 9.3 ....... ... .............
137 Puerperal septicemia.................. 2 18.6 ......... ...... .........
138 Puerperal albuminuria and convulsions 1 9.3 .................. ...
Vin. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue............. 1 9.3 .. ......... ..........................
142 Gangrene............................. 1 9.3 ......... ........ .......
XI. Early infancy................ 11 102.5 .................... .....
151-1 Premature birth (not stillborn)........ 3 27.9 ....
151-2 Congenital debility.................... 6 55.8 ....... ........ ........
152-2 Otbercauses peculiarto earlyinfancy.. 2 18.6 .. ................... ........
XII. Old age.................... 17 158.8 .................... .........
154 Senility............................... 171 158.8 ...........................--- ----...
XII. External causes........... 7 65 .......... ................
163 Other suicides.......................... ..... .... ....
167 Burns (conflagration excepted)........ 2 18.6 .................................
169 Accidental drowning................... 2 18.6 ......... ......... ................
184 Homicide by othermeans............ 1 9.3 ......... ..... ..............
186 Other external violence................ 1 9.3 .......... ....... ...... .... ..
XIV. Ill-defined diseases........ 19 170.8 .............................
187 Ill-defined organic disease............. 1 9.3 .........'............... I.....
189 Causeofdeath notspecifiedorilldefined 18 167.5 ................ ......
1 No records available.
1910.
All causes..................
I. General diseases..............
Typhoid fever......................
Dysentery........................
Leprosy....... ....................
Purulent infection and septicemia.....
Tetanus..............................
Tuberculosis of the lungs............
Syphilis...............................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the buccal cavity...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the peritoneum, intestines, rectum..
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the breast...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
other organs or oforgansnot specified.
Other tumors (tumors of the female
genital organs excepted)............
Chronic rheumatism and gout.........
Anemia, chlorosis....................
Alcoholism (acute or chronic).........
345
72
9
1
1
2
1
37
3
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
3,220.4 6 638
671.1 ......... .........
84 ----
.3 ...................
9.3 1-......... -.......
18.7 ...
9.3 .........
345.4 ..............
9.3 ..............
28 ......... .........
9.3 ......... ....
18.7 .........
9.3 ........ ......
9.3 ................
1.37 ......... .........
9.3
9.3
9.3 ..............
46.7 ......... ....
1
14
17
20
24
28
37
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
48
54
56
351 3,012.1
72 617.8
9 77.2
1 8.6
1 8.6
2 17.2
1 8.6
37 317.5
3 25.7
1 8.6
3 25.7
1 8.6
2 17.2
1 8.6
2 17.2
1 8.6
1 8.6
1 8.6
5 42.8
58 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-t.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1910-Continued.
Inter-
na-
tional
No.
St. Thomas.
St. John.
Total, munici-
pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Cause of death.
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
special sense..............
Simple meningitis....................
Locomotor ataxia....................
Other diseases of the spinal cord.......
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........
Softening of the brain................
Paralysis without specified cause......
Other forms of mental alienation......
Epilepsy...........................
Convulsions of infants (under 5 years).
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system..................
Organic diseases of theheart............
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system....................
Acute bronchitis......................
Chronic bronchitis...................
Broncho-pneumonia...............
Pneumonia............................
V. Diseases of the digestive
system.................
Diseases of the mouth and annexa......
Ulcer of the stomach..................
Diarrheaand enteritis(under 2 years)..
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
over)..............................
Intestinal obstruction.................
Other diseases of the intestines.........
Cirrhosis of liver......................
Other diseases of the liver............
Simpleperitonitis (nonpuerperal)......
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genito-urinary system and
annexa.................
Bright's disease......................
Diseases of the urethra, urinary ab-
scess etc...........................
Other diseases of the uterus...........
VII. The puerperal state........
Puerperal albuminuria and convul-
sions...............................
VIII. Diseases of theskin and
S of the cellular tissue.....
Gangrene.............................
X, Malformations...............
Congenital malformations............
XI. Early infancy..............
Premature birth (not stillborn)........
Congenital debility..................
Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
28 261.4 2 213 30 257.4
2 18.7 ......... ......... 2 17.2
1 9.3 .................. 1 8.6
1 9.3 .................. 1 8.6
18 168 1 106.5 19 163
1 9.3 .................. 1 8.6
1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 8.6
2 18.7 ......... ......... 2 17.2
1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 8.6
1 9.3 1 1065 2 17.2
34 317.4 .................. 34 291.7
34 317.4 ......... ......... 34 291.7
22 205.2 ................... 22 188.8
5 46.7 .................. 5 42.8
4 37.3 .................. 4 33.5
9 84 ......... ......... 9 77.2
4 37.3 ......... ......... 4 33.5
94 877.4 ......... ......... 94 806.7
3 28 .................. 3 25.7
3 28 ......... ......... 3 25.7
62 578.7 .................. 62 532.1
19 177.3 ......... ......... 19 163
1 9.3 .................. 1 8.6
2 18.7 ................. 2 17.2
1 9.3 ..... ......... 1 8.6
1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 86
2 18.7 .................. 2 17.2
11 102.7 ................... 11 93.5
4 37.3 ......... ......... 4 33.5
3 28 ......... 3......... 3 25.7
2 18.7 .............. 2 17.2
4 37.3 ......... ......... 4 33.5
4 37.3 ......... ......... 4 33.5
2 18.7. ......... ......... 2 17.2
2 18.7 .................. 2 17.2
1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 8.6
1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 8.0
11 102.7 .................. 11 93.5
S2 18.7 .................. 2 17 2
9 84 ................... 9 77.2
BIRTH AND MORTALITY .STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 59
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1910-Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Inter-
na- Cause of death.
tional
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 10,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
XII. Old age.................... 29 270.7 2 213 31 266
154 Senility............................... 29 270.7 2 213 31 266
XIm. External causes........... 7 65.3 .................. 7 60.1
163 Othersuicides........................ 1 9.3 ......... ......... 1 8.6
167 Burns (conflagration excepted)........ 2 18.7 .................. 2 17.2
169 Accidental drowning.................. 3 28 .................. 3 25.7
172 Traumatism by fall.................... 1 ..... ......... 1 8.6
XIV. Ill-defined diseases........ 30 280 2 213 32 274.6
187 Il-definedorganicdissease.............. 1 9.3 1 106.5 2 17.2
189 Cause of death not specified or ill
defined............................ 29 270.7 1 106.5 30 257.4
1911.
All causes..................
I. General diseases..............
4 Malaria...........................
14 Dysentery.............................
18 Erysipelas...........................-.
20 Purulentinfection and septicemia......
24 Tetanus.............................---
26 Pellagra............................
28 Tuberculosisof thelungs................
31 Abdominal tuberculosis... ......
37 Syphilis..... .................
40 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach and liver...............
41 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
theperitoneum, intestines, rectum...
45 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
other organs or of organs not specified.
46 Other tumors (tumors of the female
genital organs excepted)...............
47 Acute artici lar rneumatism..........
54 Anemia, cnlorosis........ ......
,56 Alcoholism (acute or chronic)..........
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
special sense..............
63 Other diseases of the spinal cord.......
64 Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........
65 Softening of the brain.............
68 Other forms of mental alienation......
69 Epilepsy..............-----------....-..-....--..
71 Convilsions of infants (under 5 years)..
73 Neuralgia and neuritis.................
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system...................
79 Organic diseases of the heart...........
:81 Diseases of the arteries, atheroma,
aneurism................... ..
312 2,921.9
12 1,275.2
2,788.5
54 505.6 ....... ... 54 464.8
56.2 ......... .........
37.5 ......... .........
25.8
8.6
8.6
17.2
25.8
25.8
103.3
8.6
8.6
51.6
34.4
34.4
25.8
8.6
17.2
60.2
33 309 ......... ......... 33 284
1 9.4 ......... ........ 1 8.6
22 206 ......... ......... 22 189.3
3 28.1 ......... ......... 3 25.8
2 18.7 ......... ......... 2 17.2
2 18.7 ......... ......... 2 17.2
2 18.7 ................. 2 17.2
1 9.4 .................. 1 8.6
40 374.6 1 106.3 41 344.3
38 355.8 1 106.3 39 327.9
2 18.7 ................ 2 17.2
1----1----1-
60 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates for 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1911--Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.
.a- Cause of death. --
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of er of per
deaths. 100,000 deaths deaths. 100,000.
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system...................
88 Diseases of the thyroid body...........
89 Acute bronchitis......................
90 Chronic bronchitis.....................
91 Broncho-pneumonia..................
92 Pneumonia............................
93 Pleurisy...............................
98 Other diseases of the resFiratory sys-
tem (tuberculosis excepted)..........
V. Diseases of the digestive sys-
tem .......................
99 Diseases of the month and annexa.....
102 Ulcer of the stomach.................
103 Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
c-;epted)...........................
104 Diarrhea and enteritis (vnder 2 years).
105 Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
over) ...............................
109-2 Intestinal obstruction.............
113 ri-rho'is often lier .................
115 Other diseases of the liver..............
117 Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)......
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genito-urinary system and
annexa......... .........
120 Bright's disease.......................
124 Diseases of the bladder................
125 Diseases of the urethra, urinary abscess,
etc................................
132 Salpingitis and other diseases of the
female genital organs ...............
VII. The puerperal state........
137 Pwerneral sentieemia .................
139 Puerperal phlegmasia alba dolens,
embolus, sudden death.............
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue.......
142 Gangrene..............................
X. Malformations...............
150 Congenital malformations.............
XI. Early infancy..............
51-1 Premature birth (not stillborn)........
51-2 Congenital debility...................
52-2 Other causes peculiar to early infancy..
XII. Old age...................
154 Senility...............................
XIII. External causes...........
169 Accidental drowning.................
186 Other external violence...............
XIV. Ill-defined diseases.......
187 Ill-defined organic disease..............
189 Cause of death not specified or ill-
defined ...... ................
18 [ 168.6 .........
9.4 --- -----
1, 9.4 .
1 9.4 .........
i 9.4 .........
9.4
8 74.9 ........
4 37.5 .........
i 9.4 .........
2 18.7 .........
84 786.7 .........
------------------------
154.9
8.6
8.6
8.6
68.9
34.4
8.6
17.2
1 9.4 ..... ........... 1 8.6
1 9.4 ................ 1 8.
2 18.7 .......... 2... 17.2
44 412.1 ................. 44 378.7
28 2 262.3 ..................i 2 240.9
3 28.1 ...................i 25.8
1 9.4 ............. . 1 8.6
3 28.1 ............-..... 3 25.8
1 9.4 ..... ........... 1 8.6
9 84.3 ......... ......... 9 77.5
6 1 56.2 ......... ......... 't 51.6
1 9.4 .................. 8.
1 9.4 ... ... ...... ... I I 8.6
62 1 2.7 ......... ......... 2 17.2
1 9.4 ......... ......... 1 8.6
1i 9.4 ......... ......... 1 8.6
1I 9.4 ...... 8.6
2 18.7.. -....... 2 17.2
1 9.4 ......... .......... 1 8.6
1 9.4 ......... ...... 1 S.6
S! 1
12 91.4 .................. 12 103.3
3 29.1 ......... -....... i 3 I 25.8
S 74.9 ......... .........i 68.9
1 9.4 ------..........--......... 1 8.6
12! 112.4 ..................----121 103.2
1 9.4------------------------1' 8.8
21 196.6 1 106.2 22 189.3
21 196.6 1 106.2 22 189.3
8 74.9 ......... ......... S 68.9
6 6.2 ......... ...... 6 51.6
2 18.7 ......... ... 2 17.2
29 271.6 10 1,062.6 39 327.9
2 18.7 1 106.3 3 25.
27 252.9 9 956.4 36 309.
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 61
TABLE 7.-Deaths elusivee of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thoma-St.
John and each island, calendar years, 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1912.
Inter-
na-
tional
No.
Cause of death.
All causes....................
I. General diseases..............
1 Typhoid fever.......................
14 Dysentery.............................
19 Other epidemic diseases...............
24 Tetanus.............................
26 Pellagra.... ... ................
28 Tuberculosis of the lungs.............
31 Abdominal tuberculosis..............
37 Syphilis...........................
39 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the buccal cavity..............
40 Cancer and other malignan tumors of
the stomach liver.................
41 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the peritoneum, intestines, rectum...
42 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs-.........
43 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the breast.........................
44 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the skin..........................
45 Cancer and other malignant tumors of
otherorgansoroforgansnot specified.
48 Chronic rheumatism and gout.........
54 Anemia, chlorosis..... ..........
55 Other general diseases ................
56 Alcoholism (acute or chronic)..........
II. Diseasesofthenervoussystem
and of the organs of special
sense.......................
60 Encephalitis....... ............
63 Other diseases of the spinal cord......
84 Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........
65 Softeningofthe brain.................
67 Generalparalysisoftheinsane.........
68 Other forms of mental alienation.......
69 Epilepsy............... .
70 Convulsions (nonpuerperal) (5 years
and over).........................
71 Convulsions of infants (under 5 years).
73 Neuralgia and neuritis..............
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system....................
79 Organic diseases of the heart...........
81 Diseases of the arteries, atheroma, an-
eurism, etc.........................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system ....................
87 Diseases of the larynx..............
89 Acute bronchitis......................
90 Chronic bronchitis..................
91 Broncho-pneumonia..................
92 Pneumonia.........................
95 Gangrene of the lung.............
St. Thomas.
Number
of
deaths.
St. John.
Deaths Number
per of
100,000. deaths.
353 3.345.7
Deaths
per
10,000.
2,114.2
Total, munici-
pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Number
of
deaths.
373
Deaths
per
100,000.
3,244.4
67 636.9 2 211.4 69 600.1
7 66.3 .................. 7 61
3 28.4 .................. 3 26.1
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
10 94.8 .................. 10 86.9
20 189.6 2 211.4 22 191.4
3 28.4 .................. 3 26.1
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.7
4 37.9 ......... ........ 4 34.8
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ................. 1 8.7
2 19 .................. 2 17.4
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.7
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
3 28.4 ......... ......... 3 26.1
3 28.4 ......... ......... 3 26.1
30 284.3 3 317.1 33 287
2
211.4
19 ......... .........
47.4 1 105.7
9.5 ......... .........
19 180.1 2 211.4 21 182.7
3 28.4 ................. 3 26.1
17 161.1 ......... ......... 17 147.9
62 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1912-Continued.
Inter-
na-
tional
No.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
S St.John.
Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
108 1,023.6 2 211.4 110 956.8
Cause of death.
V. Diseases ofthe digestive system
Diseases of the mouth and annexa.....
Ulcer of the stomach..................
Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
excepted)...........................
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years).
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
over)..............................
Hernia................................
Intestinal obstruction.................
Other diseases of the intestines........
Other diseases of the liver............
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)......
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genitourinary system and
annexa .................
Bright's disease...................
Diseases of the bladder...............
Uterine tumor (noncancerous).........
VII. The puerperal state.........
Puerperal septicemia...........
Puerperal albuminuria and convul-
sions...............................
VI. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue.........
Gangrene............................
Other diseases of the skin and annexa..
X. Malformations...............
Congenital malformations............
XI. Early infancy..............
Premature birth (not stillborn)........
Congenital de;,ility....................
Other causes peculiar to early infancy .
XII. Old age..................
Senility................ ...........
XIII. External causes...........
Burns (conflagrationexcepted) ........
Accidental drowning...................
Traumatism by cutting or piercing in-
struments........................
Traumatism by other crushing (ve-
hicles, railways, landslides, etc.).....
XI. Ill-defined diseases........
Cause of de-th not specified or ill de-
fined ...............................
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.7
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
58 549.7 2 211.4 60 521.8
38 360.2 ......... ......... 38 330.5
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 .................... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
8 75.8 1 105.7 9 78.4
6 56.9 1 105.7 7 61
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
3 28.4 ......... ......... 3 26.1
1 9.5 ................... 1 8.7
2 19 .................. 2 17.4
2 19 ......... ......... 2 17.4
1 9.5 ........ ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ................... 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 &
29 274.9 1 105.7 30 260.9
7 66.3 ......... ......... 7 61
17 161 1 105.7 I1 15W.6
5 47.4 ... .............. 5 43.5
34 322.2 1 105.7 35 304.4
34 322.2 1 105.7 35 304.4
9 85.3 1 105.7 10 86.9
2 19 .................. 2 17.4
5 47.4 1 105.7 6 52.2
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.7
1 9.5 ......... ........ 1 .7
23 218 7 739.9 30 260.9
23 218 7 739.9 30 260.9
j
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 63
TABLr 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1913.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.
tai l Cause of death.
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
All causes..................
I. General disesees..............
Typhoid fever.........................
Whooping cough.....................
Dysentary............................
Puru'ent infection and septicemia.....
Tetanus...............................
Pellagra...............................
Tuerculosis of the lungs ............
Abdominal tuberculosis.............
byphilis................................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach liver...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the peritoneum, intestines, rectum...
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the breast-......................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
other organs or of organs not specified.
Diabetes...... ...............
Alcoholism (acute or chronic)..........
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem anil of the organs of
specialsense..............
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy.... ...
Softening of the brain ................
generall paralysis of the insane.........
Other forms of mental alienation......
Epilepsy.............................
Convulsions of infants (under 5 years)..
Neuralgia and neuritis..... ..........
Diseases of the ears................
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system ..................
Organic diseases of the heart...........
Diseases of the arteries, atheroma,
aneurism, etc.....................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system ..................
Acute bronchitis....................
Broncho-pneumonia..................
Pneumonia...........................
Pleurisy..............................
V. Diseases of the digestive sys-
tem.....................
I diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)..
Diarrheaand enteritis(2 ears and over).
Intestinal obstruction................
Other diseases of the intestines........
Other diseases of the liver............
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)......
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genitc-urinarysystemand
aannexa ................
Bright's disease......... ........
Chyluria.............. ..........
329 3,235
16 1,687.8
355 3,106.7
68 648.9 2 211 70 612.6
2 19.1 ................... 2 17.5
2 19.1 ......... ......... 2 17.5
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
2 19.1 ......... ....... 2 17.5
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
17 162.2 ......... ......... 17 118.8
18 171.8 1 105.5 19 166.3
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.8
4 38.2 ......... ........ 4 35
4 38.2 ......... ......... 4 35
4 38.2 1 105.5 5 43.8
2 19.1 .................. 2 17.5
3 286 ..... ............. 3 26.3
1 9.5 ................. 1 8.8
5 47.7 ......... ......... 5 43.8
25 238.6 1 105.5 26 227.5
12 114.5 ......... ....... 12 105
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
2 19.1 ....... .......... 2 17.5
2 19.1 .................. 2 17.5
1 9.5 .......... ......... 1 8.8
2 19.1 1 105.5 3 26.3
4 38.2 .................. 4 35
1 9.5 ......... ......... 1 8.8
36 313.5 2 211 38 332.5
28 267.2 2 211 30 262.5
8 76.3 ......... ........ 8 70
26 248.1 .......... ........ 26 227.5
14 133.6 .................. 14 122.5
4 38.2 ........... 4 35
7 66.8 .... ............. 7 '11.3
1 9.5 .... ... ........ 1 8.8
72
43
22
2
1
2
2
11
10
1
687. 1 1 105. 5
410.3 1 105.5
209.9 ................
19.1 .................
19.1 ......... .........
9.5 ......... .........
19.1 ........ .........
105 ......... .........
95.4 .....:............
9.5 .........!.........
73
44
22
2
1
2
2
638.8
b38. 1
3S5.1
192.5
17.5
8.8
17.5
17.5
11 96.3
10 87.5
1 &8
64 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality of St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918--Continued.
1913-Continued.
Inter-
na-
tional
No.
Cause of death.
VII. The puerperal state ........
134 Accidents of pregnancy...............
138 Puerperal lbuminuria nni convulsions
X. Malformations...............
150 Congenital malformations.............
XI. Early infancy.................
151-1 Premature birth (not stillborn)........
151-2 Congenital debility.................
152-2 Other causes peculiar to early infancy..
XII. Old age.............. .......
154 Senility..............................
XIII. External causes.............
169 Accidental drowning...................
172 Traumatsm by fall...................
XIV. Ill-defined diseases..........
187 Ill-defined organic disease.............
180 Cause of death noi specified or ill de-
fined................................
St. Thomas.
Number! Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
St. John.
Number
of
deaths.
Deaths
per
100,000.
Total, munici-
pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Number Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
I -I-
4 38.2 .................. 4 5
1 9.5 ................. 1 8.8
3 28.6 .................. 3 26.3
S 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
1 9.5 ................... 1 8.8
29 276.7 3 316.5 32 280
3 28.6 1 105.5 4 35
25 238.6 2 211 27 236.3
1 9.5 ......... ........ 1 8.8
32 305.4 4 421.9 36 315
32 305.4 4 421.9 36 315
2 19.1 .................. 2 17.5
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
1 9.5 .................. 1 8.8
33 314.9 3 316.5 36 315
5 47.7 .................. 5 43.8
28 267.2 3 316.5 31 271.3
1914.
All causes.................
I. General diseases..............
Whooping cough................
Dysentery............................
Purulent infection and septicemia.....
Tetanus.............................
Pellagra...............................
Tuberculosis of the lungs.............
Tuberculous meningitis...............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver...............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs...........
Other tumors (tumors of the female
genital organs excepted)............
Acute articular rheumatism...........
Anemia, chlorosis.....................
Alcoholism (acute or chronic)..........
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
special sense.............
Locomotor ataxia......................
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........
Softening of the brain.................
Other forms of mental alienation ......
Convulsions of infants (under 5 years)..
Neuralgia and neuritis.................
Diseases of the ears..................
362 3,478.4 22 2,313.4 384
57 547.7 5 525.8 62
3,380.9
545.9
2 19.2 2 210.3 4 35.2
1 9.6 ......... ......... 1 8.8
5 48 .......... ......... 5 44
1 9.6 ......... ......... 1 8.8
18 173 ........... ......... 1 1585
2 19.2 ......... ......... 2 17.6
3 288 .........8......... 3 26.4
2 19.2 ......... ....... 2 17.6
1 9.6 1 8.8
1 9.6 ......... 1 8.8
1 9.6 .1 8.8
4 384 ..... .... 4 35.2
39 374.7 1 105.2 40 352.1
9--
9.6
269
19.2
38.4
19.2
9.6
9.6
1 105.2
......... I ... ......
.......... . .
.........lI........ :
......... .........
8.8
255.3
17.6
35.2
17.6
8.8
8.8
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 65
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1914--Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- t. John.
tina Cause of death.
tional
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
lets 1000
79
81
85
90
91
92
93
94
98
103
104
105
109
109-2
110
113
115
117
120
121
122
124
129
137
142
150
151-1
151-2
152-2
154
35
33
1
1
20
8
4
4
2
1
1
92
1
47
33
I
4
3
1
1
1
336.3
317.1
9.6
9.6
192.2
76.9
38.4
38.4
19.2
9.6
9.6
884
9.6
451.6
317.1
9.6
38.4
28.8
9.6
9.6
9.6
3
3
4
4
315.5
315.5
105.2
105.2
420.6
420.6
38
36
1
I
21
8
5
4
2
1
1
96
1
47
37
1
4
3
1
1
1
334.6
317
8.8
8.8
184.9
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system..............
Organic diseases of the heart..........
Diseases of the arteries, atheroma,
aneurism, etc.....................
Hemorrhage, other diseases of the circu-
latory system.......................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system ...................
Chronic bronchitis.... ...............
Broncho-pneumonia..................
Pneumonia.........................
Pleurisy............................
Pulmonary congestion, pulmonary
apoplexy........................
Other diseases of the respiratory sys-
tem (tuberculosis excepted)..........
V. Diseases of the digestive sys-
tem.....................
Other diseases of the stomach.........
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years).
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
over)....... .................
Hernia, intestinal obstruction.........
Intestinal obstruction.................
Other diseases of the intestines.......
Cirrhosis of the liver..................
Other diseases of the liver..........
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)......
VI. Nonvenereal diseases oftiegeni-
to-urinary system and annexa.
Bright's disease......................
Chyluria...........................
Other diseases of the kidneys and an-
nexa.............................
Diseases of the bladder................
Uterine tumor (noncancerous).........
VII. The puerperal state........
Puerperal septicemia................
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue.......
Gangrene..........................
X. Malformations...............
Congenital malformations (stillbirths
not included)......................
XI. Early infancy.............
Premature birth (not stillborn).......
Congenital debility................
Other causes peculiar to early infancy..
XII. 61d age....................
Senility.............................. I
186373-20---5
15 144.1 .................. 15 132.1
8 76.9 .... . 8 70.4
1 9.6 ...... ......... 1 8.8
1 9.6 ................... 1 8.8
2 19.2 .................. 2 17.6
3 28.8 .................. 3 26.4
3 28.8 ....................... 3 26.4
3 288 ................. 3 26.4
1 9.6 ................. 1 8.8
1 9.6 ................... 1 8.8
2 19.2 ......... ......... 2 17.6
2 19.2 ......... ......... 2 17.6
23 221 1 105.2 24 212.2
3 28.8 1 105.2 4 35.2
18 173 .................. 18 158.5
2 19.2 ......... ......... 2 17.6
33 317.1 2 210.3 35 308.2
1 I
317.1 1 2
308.2
845.2
8.8
413.8
325.8
8.
35.2
26.4
8.8
8.8
8.
- 1 I '
66 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1914-Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.
tional Cause of death.
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths.100,000.
XIII. External causes........... 5 48 ......... ......... 5 44
167 Burns (conflagration excepted)........ 2 19.2 .................. 2 17.6
169 Accidental drowning................... 3 28.8 .................. 3 26.4
XIV. Ill-defined diseases........ 37 355.5 5 525.8 42 369.8
187 Ill-defined organic diseases.......... 2 19.2 .................. 2 17.6
189 Cause of death not specified or ill de-
fined....... .................. 35 336.2 5 525.8 40 352.1
1915.
All causes..................
I. General diseases.............
Typhoid fever.....................
Malaria.............................
Dysentery............................
Other epidemic diseases...............
Purulent infection and septicemia.....
Tetanus...............................
Pellagra...............................
Tuberculosis of the lungs..............
Abdominal tuberculosis..............
Sphilis.........................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver.... ..........
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the pertitoneum, intestines, rectum.
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
other organs or of organsnotspecified.
Diabetes..............................
Alcoholism (acute or chronic).........
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
special sense .............
61 Simple meningitis...................
62 Locomotor ataxia....................
64 Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........
65 Softening of the brain................
66 Paralysis without specified cause......
68 Other forms of mental alienation.......
71 Convulsions of infants (under 5 years)..
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system..................
77 Pericarditis..........................
79 Organic diseases of the heart...........
81 Diseases of the arteries, atheroma,
aneurism, etc.......................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system................
91 Bronchopneumonia....................
92 Pneumonia...........................
93 Pleurisy...............................
298 2,883.4
18 1,888.8 I
316 2,799.4
73 706.3 ............. 73 646.7
38.7 I........ .........
9.7 ..................
38.7 ..................
9.7 .................
19.4 ..................
77.4 ..................
7 62
21 17.7
1 8.9
1 8.9
3 26.6
4 35.4
19 168.3
13 115.2
1 8.9
2 17.7
4 35.4
1 8.9
4 35.4
1 8.9
2 17.7
8 70.9
1 9.7 ................ 1 8.9
2 19.4 ........ ......... 2 17.7
11 106.4 1 105 12 106.3
4 38.7 ................ 4 35.4
......... ......... 1 105 1 8.9
3 29 ......... ......... 3 26.6
3 29 1 105 4 35.4
22 212.9 3 314.8 25 221.5
1 9.7 ........ ....... 1 8.9
15 145.1 31 314.8 18 159.5
6 58.1 ......... ......... 6 53.2
13 125.8 1 105 14 124
6 58.1 ................. 6 53.2
6 58.1 1 105, 7 62
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 67
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, 6y
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1915-Continued.
Cause of death.
*1
V. Diseases of the digestive sys-
tem.......................
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
over).............................
Intestinal obstruction.................
Other diseases of the intestines.........
Cirrhosis ofthe liver...................
Other diseases of the liver.............
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genito-urinary system and
annexa..................
Bright's disease.......................
Other diseases of the kidneys and an-
nexa...............................
Diseases of the bladder...............
Diseases of the urethra, urinary ab-
scess, etc............................
Uterine tumor (noncancerous).........
VII. The puerperal state..........
Other accidents of labor..............
Following childbirth (not otherwise
defined)............................
IX. Diseases of the hones and of
the organs of locomotion...
Diseases of the bones (tuberculosis ex-
cepted)..............................
X. Malformations................
Other congenital malformations........
XI. Early infancy...............
Congenital debility, icterus and scle-
rema..............................
Premature birth (not stillborn).........
Congenital debility...................
XII. Old age....................
Senility...............................
XIII. External causes...........
Suicide by cutting or piercing instru-
ments.............................
Burns (conflagration excepted)........
Accidental drowning ................
Traumatism by other crushing (vehi-
cles, railways, landslides, etc.)........
Other external violence................
XIV. Ill-defined diseases.........
Ill-defined organic disease..............
Cause of death not specified or ill de-
fined...............................
67
33
27
1
4
1
1
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths100,0. deaths 100,000.
648.3 2
319.3 .........
261.2 2
9.7 .........
9.7
38.7 .........
9.7
9.7 .........
209.9
209.9
69
33
29
1
4
1
1
611.3
292.3
257
8.9
35.4
8.9
8.9
13 125.8 1 105 14 124
8 77.4 ......... ......... 8 70.9
1 9.7 .................. 1 8.9
......... ......... 1 105 1 8.9
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
2 19.4 .................. 2 17.7
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
1 19.7------------------1 7.9
1 9.7 ......... ......... 1 8.9
1 9.7......... ......... 1 8.9
25 241.9 ................... 25 221.5
1 9.7 .................. 1 8.9
3 29 .................. 3 26.6
21 203.2 .................. 21 186
18 174.2 1 105 19 168.3
18
6
2
1
1
33
2
31
174.2
58.1
9.7
9.7
19.4
9.7
9.7
319.3
19.4
300
1
5
5
2
2
105
524.7
524.7
209.9
209.9
19
11
1
1
7
1
1
35
2
33
168.3
97.4
8.9
8.9
62
8.9
8.9
310.1
17.7
292.3
Inter-
na-
tional
No.
I 1. --
I
68 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1916.
St. Thomas.
Inter-
tinal Cause of death.
tional
No. Number Deaths
of per
deaths. 1100,000.
All causes.................... 296 12,884.2
T. General diseases................ 74 721.3
Typhoid fever............. ........ 7 68.2
Dysentery........................... 9. 7
Purulent infection and septicemia.... 3i 29.2
Tetanus.................... ...... 6 58.5
Pellagra ............................... 21 204.6
Tuberculosis of the lungs.............. 19 185.1
cute miliarv tuberculosis.......... ... 9.7
Syphilis............................. 3 29.2
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver.................. 3 29.2
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs......... ..... 3 29.2
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the breast.......................... 2 19.4
Cancer an other malignant tumors of
other organs or oforgans not specified.' 1 9.7
Acute articular rheumatism .......... 1 9.7
Anemia, chlorosis ................... 1 9.7
Alcoholism (acute or chronic).......... 2 19.4
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
special sense............... 30 292.3
Simple mrningitis..................... 2 19.4
Locomotorataxia............... ..... 1 9.7
Other diseases of the spinal cord....... 2 19.4
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy....... 17 165.6
Softening of the brain.................. 2 19.4
Othor forms of m-ntal alienation....... 1 9.7
Epilepsy ............................. 1 9.7
Convulsions of infants (under 5 years).. 4 39.1
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system....................j 29 282.6
Oreanic diseases of the heart........... 17 165. 6
Diseases of the arteries, ath'roma,
aneurism, etc................ ...... 7 68.2
Diseases of the lymphatic system
(lymphangitis. etc.) ................ 1 9.7
Hemorrhage: other diseases of the cir-
culatory system..................... 2 19.4
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system...............
Acute bronchitis.....................
Chronic bronchitis....................
Broncho-pneumonia ..................
Pneumonia ....... ...................
Pulmonary congestion, pulmonary ap-
oplexy..............................
V. Diseases of the digestive
system...................
Ulcer of the stomach...................
Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
excepted)........................
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)..
Diarrheaand en teritis (2 years and over)
Intestinal obstruct ion............
Other diseases of the intestines..
Other diseases of the liver...........
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal).....
6
1
2
2
1
58
58.5
St. John.
Number
of
deaths.
Deaths
per
100,000.
14 1,464.4
I
Total, munici-
pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Number Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
104.6 75
7
104.6 20
......... 13
3
1
......... 30
......... 17
......... 2
2
......... 1
......... 21
......... 17
......... 12
.........! 7
1 104.6
9.7 ..................
19.4 ......... ........
19.4 ..................
......... 1 104.6
9.7 ..................
565.1 ....... .........
7.
1
2
2
1
1
58
1 9.7 1.. . ....... 8.9
2,763.2
668.5
62.4
8.9
26.7
53.5
187.2
178.3
8.9
26.7
26.7
17.8
8.9
8.9
8.9
17.8
267.4
17.8
8.9
17.8
152.5
17.8
8.9
8.9
35.7
258.5
152.5
62.4
8.9
17.8
62.4
8.9
17.8
17.8
8.9
8.9
517
i I I
~
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 69
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1916-Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- St. John.
tional Cause of death.
No. Number Deaths Numberj Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per. of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. deaths 100,000.
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genito-urinary system and
annexa..................... 8
120 I Bright's disease ...................... 8
VII. The puerperal state ........ 3
138 Puerperal albuminuria and convulsions 3
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue........ 2
142 Gangrene............................ 2
S X. Malformations............... 2
150-3 I Other congenitalmalformations........ 2
XI. Early infancy................. 29
151-1 Premature birth (not stillborn)........ 7
151-2 Congenital debility.................... 21
152-2 Other causes peculiar to early infancy..i 1
154 Senility..............................I 26
XIII. External causes............. 5
169 Accidental drowning .................. 3
172 Traumatism by fall.................... 2
175 Traumatism by other crushing (ve-
hicles, railways, landslides, etc.)..... ........
XIV. Ill-defined disease......... 24
187 Ill-defined organic disease .............. 4
189 Cause of death not specified or ill de-
fined ............................. 20
1917.
78
78
29.2
29.2
8
8
3
3
71.3
71.3
26.7
26.7
19. ..................I 2 17.8
19.7 .................. 2 17.8
19.7 ......... ......... 2 17.8
282.6 3 313.8 32 285.2
68.2 2 209 9 80.2
204. 1 104.5 22 196
9.7 ......... ........ 1 8.9
253.3 2 209 28 249.6
253.3 2 209 28 249.6
48.7 4 418.4 9 80.2
29.2 ................. 3 26.7
19.4 .................. 2 17.8
......... 4 418.4 4 35.7
233.9 3 313.8 27 240.7
39 .................. 4 35.7
194.9 3 313.8 23 205
All causes...................
I. General diseases.............
Typhoid fever.........................
Malaria................................
Dysentery.............................
Leprosy...............................
Pellagra..............................
Tuberculosis of the lungs.............
Acute military tuberculosis............
Abdominal tuberculosis..............
Syphilis ..........................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the buccal cavity...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the breast..........................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
theskin..........................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
other organs or of organs not speci-
fied....... ......................
411
1
93
5
44
19
1
1
4
1
3
3
1
1
1
4,033 29 3,023.1 440
912.6 2 208.6 I 95
49.1 ....... ........ 5
19.6 ........ ....... 2
9.8 2 208.6 3
9.8 ........ .......... 1
431.7 ......... ......... 44
186.5 ......... ......... 19
9.8 .................. 1
9.8 ......... ........ 1
39.3 ......... ........
29.4 ......... ........ 3
9.4 .................. 1
9.8 ....... ......... 1
9.8 ................ 1
9.8 ......... I 1
1
4
14
17
26
28
29
31
37
39
40
42
43
44
45
3,946.2
852
44.8
17.9
26.9
9
393.6
170.4
9
9
35.9
9
26.9
26.9
9
9
9
......... .........
......... ........
......... .........
......... .........
70 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1917-Continued.
Cause of death.
1. General diseases-Continued.
St. Thomas.
Number Deaths
of per
deaths. 100,000.
18 Chronic rheumatism and gout......... 1
5i Diabetes............................... 1
54 Anemia,chlorosis...................... 3
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of
specialsense .............. 30
61-1 Simplemeninitis..................... 1
62 Locomotorataxia................... 1
64 Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy........ 19
65 Softening of the brain................. 3
(S Other forms of mental alienation....... 1
69 Epilepsy........................... 2
70 Convulsions, nonpuerperal (5 years
Sand over).....................................
71 t Convulsions of infants (under 5 years). 1
74 Other diseases of the nervous system.. 1
75 Diseases of the eyes and their annexa..: 1
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system................... 29
77 Pericarditis........................... 1
7') Organic diseases of the heart........... 22
lI Diseases of the arteries, atheroma,
aneurism, etc....................... 5
S. I Hemorrhase: other diseases of the cir- I
culatory system..................... 1
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system .................. 34
s9 i Acute bronchitis...................... 7
go I Chronic bronchitis.................... 4
ill Broncho-pneumonia.................... 9
!12 Pneumonia............................ 14
9. Pleurisy.............................. .......
V. Disease- of the digestive sys-
tem........................ 84
102 Ulcer of the stomach................... 2
103 i Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
excented)............................ 3
lt i Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years). 35
105 Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
10I Appendicitis and typhlitis.............. 2
110 Other diseases of the intestines...... 4
113 Cirrhosis of the liver................... 3
It Other diseases of the liver............. 1
117 Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)...... 3
V[. Nonvenereal diseases of the
genito-urinary system andi
annexa................... 22
120 Bri'hlt's disease...................... 19
12i Diseases of the urethra, urinary abscess,
etc............................... 1
129 Uterine tumor (noncancerous)......... 2
130 Other diseases of the uterus............ .........
VII. The puerperal state........ 1
138 Puirpemrl alb,mininuria and convul-
sions .... ..........................!. 1
St. John.
Total, munici-
pality St.Thomas-
St. John.
Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
9.8 .........
9.8 ......
29.4 .........
294.2 2
9.8 :........
9.8 .........
186.5 .........
29.4 .........
9.8 .........
19.6 I.........
.1
9.8 1
9.8 .........
254.5 1
9.8 ........
215.9 1
208.6
.......... 19
3
1
......... 2
104.3 1
104.3 2
......... 1
104.3 30
1
......... 23
104.3 23
49.1 ......... ........
9.8 .........
9
9
170.4
26.9
9
17.9
8.9
17.0
9
9
269.1
9
206.3
44.8
9
333.5 2 20S.6 36 322.9
68.7 ......... ..... 7 62.8
39.3 ......... ........ 4 35.9
88.3 ............ ... 9 81.6
137.3 1 101.3 15 134.5
.......... 1 101.3 1 9
824.3 2 208.6 86 771.2
19.6 2.........2... 2 17.9
29.4 .................. 3 26.9
343.4 1 104.3 36 322.9
304.2 1 104.3 32 287
19.6' 2 1 17.9
39.3 .................. 4 35.9
29.4 ................ 3 26.9
9.8 ......... ...... 1 9
29.4 .......... ....... 3 26.9
215.9 3 312.8 25 224.2
186.5 2 208.6 j 21 188.3
9.8 .................. 1 9
19.6 ................ 2 17.9
......... 1 01.3 1 9
9.8.......... .............1* 9
9.8 ................. 1 9
9.8 .................. 1 9
I i !
i
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 71
TABLE 7.-Deaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1917-Continued.
Total, munici-
St. Thomas. St. John. pality St.Thomas-
Inter- i t. John.
tlna- Cause of death.
tional
No. Number Deaths Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue........ 2 19.6 ................. 2 17.9
142 Gangrene............................. 1 9.8 1................. 1 9
143 Furuncle............................. 1 9.8 .................. 1 9
IX. Diseases of the bones and of
the organs of locomotion.. 1 9.8 ......... ......... 1 9
146 Diseases of the bones (tuberculosis ex-
cepted)............................ 1 9.8 ......... ......... 1 9
XI. Early infancy................ 25 245.2 ......... ......... 25 224.2
151 Congenital debility, icterus and
sclerema........................... 3 29.4 ......... ......... 3 26.9
151-1 Premature birth (not stillborn)........ 4 39.3 .................. 4 35.9
151-2 Congenital debility................... 15 147.2 .................. 15 134.5
152-2 Other causes peculiar to early infancy.. 3 29.4 .................. 3 26.9
XII. Oldage.................... 35 343.4 13 1,355.6 48 428.7
154 Senility............................... 35 343.4 13 1,355.6 48 428.7
XIII. External causes.......... 5 49.1 1 104.3 6 53.8
167 Burns (conflagration excepted)........ 4 39.3 ......... ........ 4 35.9
169 Acridentaldrowning ................. 1 9.8 1 104.3 2 17.9
XIV. Ill-defined diseases........ 50 490.6 3 312.8 53 475.3
189 Cause of death not specified or ill
defined........................... 50 490.6 3 312.8 53 475.3
1918.
Allcauses ..................
I. General diseases..............
Typhoid fever......................
Malaria..............................
Influenza............................
Dysentery.........................
Tetanus.............................
Pellagra...............................
Tuberculosis of the lungs............
Acute military tuberculosis.............
Tuberculosis of other organs...........
Syphilis...... .................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the buccal cavity....................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the stomach, liver...................
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the peritoneum, intestines, rectum...
Cancer and other malignant tumors of
the female genital organs............
Anemin, chlorosis. ...................
II. Diseases of the nervous sys-
tem and of the organs of special
sense.........................
61-1 Simple meninitis....................
63 Other diseases of the spinal cord.......
64 Cerebralhemorrhage, apoplexy......
71 Convulsions of infants (under 5 years).
248 2,433.5
19 1,981.2
70 686.9 2208.6 72 645.7
16
1
1
4
39.3
9.8
78.5
19.6
9.8
147.2
196.3
19.6
29.4
68.7
9.8
19.6 1......... .........
9.8
19.6
9.8
157
9.8
9.8
98.1
39.3
2,394.6
35.9
9
71.7
17.9
9
134.5
197.3
17.9
26.9
62.8
9
17.9
9
17.9
9
143.5
9
9
89.7
35.9
1
2
1
2
1
16
1
1
10
4
".208."6
...................
......... L........
..................
72 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 7.-D.eaths (exclusive of stillbirths), and death rates per 100,000 population, by
causes, according to the detailed international list, for the municipality St. Thomas-St.
John and each island, calendar years 1909 to 1918-Continued.
1918-Continued.
Cause of death.
Number' Deaths
of I per
deaths. 100,000.
1, munici-
St.Thomas-
John.
Number Deaths Number Deaths
of per of per
deaths. 100,000. deaths. 100,000.
I I I I'- 1
III. Diseases of the circulatory
system.........................
79 Organic diseases of the heart...........
1 Diseases of the arteries, Rtheroma, aneu-
rysm, etc........................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory
system..........................
1 1 176.6 ......... ......... I18 161.4
91 58.3
9 88.3
23 225.7
- _______ i___ __________
Diseases of the larynx................ 3 23.4
Broneho-pneumoni... ............... 15I 147.2
Pneumonia............................ 5 49.1
V. Diseases of the digestive sys-
tern.. ........................... 39 382.7
Diseses of the pharynx.............. 1 9.8
tUl'er of the stomach.................. 3 29.
Other diseases of the stomach (cancer
excepted)...................... 1 9.8
Dirrhea and enteritis (under 2 years).. 13 127.6
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and
iov r)............. -................... 9 88.3
Intstinl parasites ................... 1 9.S
Appen'licitis and tvphlitis............. 1 9.8
Intestinil obstruction............... 1 ..8
Other diseases of the intestines........ 6 1 58.9
Cirrhosis of the liver... ............. 1 P. 8
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerneral) ..... 2 19.6
VI. Non enereal diseases of the
genito-lriniry system and an-
nexa.......................... 18 176.7
Bright's disease....................... 15 147.2
122 Other ldseases of01 e kidnNcy IdI an-
SUnexa ...................un.r (n.........
129 Uterine tumor (nonsancerous).........
VII. The puerperal state........ i 1 9.8
Puerperalalbuminuria and con\ ulsions I 1 .S
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of
the cellular tissue.................. 2 19.6
ian-rene............................. 1 9.8
Acute abscess....................... 1 9.8
XI. Early infancy.............. 23
Premature !:irth (not stillborn) ....... 4
Congenital debility.................. 13
Other causes peculiar to early infancy.. 6
XII. Old age.................... 13
Senilit. .............................. 13
XIII. External causes........... 7
Other aente poisonings ............... 2
urns (conflagration exceoted)....... 3
Traumatism :y firearms............... 1
Traunatism by cutting or piercing in-
struments........... .......... ... 1
XIV. Ill-defined diseases........ 18
Cause of death not specified or ill de-
fined ........ ...................... 18
225. 7
39.3
127. 6
58.9
127.6
4
3
417
104.3
312.8
1 104.3
...... [.-.--
......... .........
1 104.3
......... .........
1 104.3
9.8 ........ .........
19. I .................
5
2
3
521.4
208.6
312.8
312.8
127.6 3 312.8
68.7 ......... .........
19.6 ......... .........
29. ........ .........
9.8 ......... ........
9.8 ........ .........
176. f 3 312.8
27
3
16
8
40
1
3
I
13
10
1
i9
16
1
2
19
16
2
2
4
9
16
16
2
3
1
15
2
21
242.2
26. 9
143.5
71.7
358.7
9
26.9
9
116.6
89.7
9
9
9
53.8
9
17.9
170.4
143.5
9
17.9
9
9
17.9
9
251.1
35.9
134.5
80.7
143.5
143.5
62.8
17.9
26.9
9
9
188.3
I ....... .. I --------
120
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 73
TABLE 8.-Diseses, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919.
ST. THOMAS.
Num- Num- Num-
ber of Num h o f- berof
her of Num- out-of- consul.
Num- hos tl Num- ber of hospital tatis
Inter- ber of cses ber of new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new previ- out-of- previ- treat-
al No. hospital t s hospital ously ments
d a s ; ^ s rea ted
cases for the days. ttirPeat of out-
same ents. for th es.
disease disease.
SI. General diseases.
1 Anti-inoculation, typhoid fever.............. ............................ 1 ........ 3
4 Malaria............................... 9 12 544 19 3 45
8 Whooping cough.................................... 3 88 15 1 76
10 Influenza................................ 1 ...... 3 ........ ........ ......
14 Dysentery entamebic.................................. 1 ....... 3
17 Leprosy ..................................... 1 ........ 35 ........ .........
19 Dengue............................... .. 2 1 36 4 ........ 10
19 Filariasis ................................... 1 3 157 13 1 26
19 Mumps...................................... 1 ........ 16 1 ........ 2
19 Vaccinia........................ ........ 1 ...... 6 ... ...............
20 Septicemia............................. 1 5 1....... 2
24 Tetanus................................ ........ 3 1 ........ 18
25B Erthrasma...................................... ........ 1 ........ 2
26 Pellagra...................................... 5 458 2 ........ 47
26 Pellagra with psychosis................. 1 ........ 113............. ..
28 Tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary............ 14 13 3,209 13 5 35
29 Tuberculosis, acute broncho-pneunonic .... 1 ....... 1 2 ........ 2
S29 Tuberculosis, acute pulmonary, miliary...................... ......... 2
31 Tuberculosis of peritoneum........... .... .. 1 64 1 1 19
33 Tuberculosis of hip joint.......................... 125 1 1 1
33 Tuberculosis of knee joint......... ....... 1 ...... 186 ........ 1 2
34 Tuberculosis of mesenteric lymph nodes............. 1 79.... .... ..
34 Tuberculosis of kidney.................... ........ 1 52 ............... ..
34 Tuberculosis of tibia..................... 1 9 1 ........ 6
36C Rickets..................... ............. 1 2 105 1
37 Syphilis, congenital.......................... 1 1 87 3 1 66
37 S his ofanus............................. 1 1 12 .... i ------ ...
37 Syphilis of aorta............................. ...... ................... 11
37 Syphilis of aorta and aortic valve............ 1 ........... ........5- ----
37 Syphilis of brain............................. 1 1 32 ...... 1 10
37 Syphilis of brain with psychosis............. ........ 1 365........ .......
37 Syphilis of cornea............................. ..... 3 .... -.... 8
37 Syphilis of cubital lymph nodes....................... 1 14..... .... ....
37 Syphilis of femoral artery ..................---- --.. .... ------ 1 3
37 Syphilis of frontal sinus..................... 1 ........ 14 ...... 1 58
37 Syphilis of iris............................. 1 1 27 3 2 209
37 Sphilis of kidney......................... 2 1 226 1 ........ 1
37 Syphilis of leg.......................... 1 23...... 1 22
37 Syphilis of liver-....... ......... .. 1 ....... ........ 2 57
37 Syphilis of nasal bones........................... 1 42 1 26
37 Syphilis of nasal passage...................... .. 1 2 ........ 2 6
37 Syphilis of palate............ ................ 1 1 92
37 Syphilis of penis.......................... .... 1 49 ........ 1 78
37 Syphilis ofrectum ............ ..... ............... 30 1 1 30
37 Syphilis of scapula............................... 1 22 1 1 62
37 Syphilis of skin.......................... 4 2 302 5 4 240
37 Syphilis of skull.........-.................. ................ ........ 1 22
37 Syphilis of sternum.......................... ........ ........ 31
37 Syphilis of testicle............................. 1 22 ........ ........ ...
37 Syphilis of tibia-...................... ... .... 1 ........ 33
37 Syphilis of ulna............................. .... ....... 1 5
37 Syphilis of vagina.............................. ....... ........ 60
37 Syphilis, primary ............................ 2 ....... 35 3 186
37 Syphilis, secondary.......................... 9 .8 593 106 30 5,101
38A Chancroid of anus........................... ..........- .... 1 .... 108
38A Chancroid of penis.......................... 6 ... 110 23 2 1,170
38A Chancroid of vagina................ ........ .. ....7 ........7 228
38A Chancroid of vulva ................................ 2 30 4 1 77
38A Lymphadenitis, acute, of inguinal lymph
nodes, chancroidal......................... 6 ........ 191 1 1 65
38B Gonococcus infection of eye (1 month minus) 3 ........ 59 1 2 22
38B Gonoccocus infection of eye (1 month plus).. ....... 2 37 3 1 39
38B Gonococcus infection of Fallopian tube...... 2 ........ 22...... ...
38B Gonococcus infection of knee joint............. .... ...... ........ 1
38B Gonococcus infection of penis .............. ........ .. ... 1 ..... 28
38B Gonococcus infection of urethra............. 5 1 101 26 4 501
38B Gonococcus infection of vagina............... 1 1 25 10 1 436
74 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
her of berof
her of Num- out-ofa
Num- hospital Num- ber of hospitalonsul-
Inter- her of cases her of new cases stations
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new previ- hosp and
hospitalout-- p treat-
al No. hospital tr sick hospital ously ments
cases, forth days. pa- treated of out
same tients, for the o t-
disease. dsese. tients.
I. General diseases-Continued.
38B Gonococcus infection of vulva................ 2 ........ 79 .............. ........
40A Carcinoma of liver ........................... ... ........ ........ 1 ........ 2
40A Carcinoma of stomach........................ 1 23 2 ........ 8
40A Carcinoma of stomach and liver.......................... ......... 1 ........ 2
42A Carcinoma of ovaries............................. 1 1 ........ 1
42A Carcinoma of utenrus........................... 1 2 35 5 ........ 15
43A Carcinoma of mammary gland........................ 1 4 .....................
44C Epithelioma of face.................................. 1 62 1 37
45A Carcinoma of bladder................................ 1 10 1 ........ 6
47 Rheumatic fever, acute........................... 2 80 2........ 5
47 Rheumatic fever, subacute................ 1 ........ 87 1 1 2
48A Arthritis deformn .................................................. 3 ........ 4
48B Rheumatism, chronic articular...................... 1 7 4........ 7
49 Scurvy...................................... ........ 3 82 3 ........ 5
50 Diabetes mellitus........................... ..... ........ ........ 1 2 4
54 Anemia, simple.............................. ........ ............... 7 ........ 38
55 Purpura..................................... ........ 1 40 ......................
56A Alcoholic psychosis, acute alcoholic hallu-
cinosis..................................... 1 4 54 2 ........ 2
56A Alcoholic psychosis, alcoholic deterioration.......... 1 365 ........ .......
56A Alcoholic psychosis, alcoholic paranoid state.. ........ 1 43 ........ 1 1
56A Alcoholic psychosis, delirium tremens....... 1 ........ 19 2 ........ 4
56B Poisoning, acute,alcohol .................... 1 1 44 2 ........ 2
58 Poisoning, acute, gas from molasses in ship's
hold-...................................... ...... ........ 1 ........ 1
II. Diseases of the nerrovs system and of the
organs of special sense.
61 Meningitis, cerebral.......................... ........ 1 5 1 ........ 2
61 Meningitis, cerebrospinal..................... ........ 1 3 1 ........ 1
62 Tabes dorsalis............................... ........ 2 198 1 1 89
62 Tabes dorsalis with arthropathy............. ........ 1 63................
63 Myelitis, disseminated....................... ........ ............. 1 ........ 6
63 Paralysis, infantile, spastic.................. ........ 1 365 ....... 2 5
63 Sclerosis, disseminated....................... 1 ........ 180 1 ........ 3
64 Hemorrhage into cerebrum.................. 4 1 292 9 1 29
64 Hemorrhage, subdural ................... 1 ........ 2 ......................
66 Hemiplegia, old .............................. ........ 20 1..... 1
66 Paralysis of facial nerve.............................................. 2 ....... 4
66 Paraplegia, ataxic ........................... 1 ....... 365 ...................
68 Constitutional inferiority..................... 1 ........ 8 ................
68 Dementia precox, catatonic.................. 1 ........ 163 .......................
68 Dementia precox, hebephrenic............... 1 ........ 27 ........... ........
68 Dementia precox, paranoid.................. 1 ........ 64 .............
68 Dementia precox, simple.................... 3 2 576 ....... 1 1
68 Depression, hallucinatory.................... ........ 1 25 ......
68 Involutional melancholia............................ 1 134 ........ 1 1
68 Manic depressive psychosis, mixed type..... ........ 1 365
68 Paranoia ................................ ... ...... 6 1,744 2 ...
68 Psychosis, variety not ascertained........... 2 3 437 1 ...... 2
69 Epilepsy................................ ........ 1 95 8 1 21
71 Convulsions, infantile (5 years minus)..... ...... ...... ........ 1 ........
73A Hysteria.................................... 2 ........ 2 16 3 37
73B Neuralgia of intercostal nerves............... ...... ........ ........ 7 2 15
73B Neuralgia of trigeminus nerve................ ........ ........ ........ 2 ........ 19
73B Neuritis, multiple........................... 1 ....... 47...
73B Neuritis of intercostal nerve................. ............ ........ 1 ........ 2
73B Neuritis of sciatic ne ........................... ... .... 1 ........ 1
74 Anemia of brain............................. ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 3
74 Angiospastic edema.......................... .. ....... .... ....... 1 ........ 2
74 Idiocy .............................. ........ ...... ....... 1 ........ 2
74 Imbecility......................................... 1 365 ..... ...
74 Migraine .................. ...... .. ......2 ........ 13
74 Neurasthenia........... ........... ...-.......... 23 4 63
74 Neurosis, occupational....................... ........ ........ ..... .. 1 4
74 Paramyoclonus multiplex ....................... ....... .... ....... 2 ........ 5
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 75
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS--Continued.
Disease, Injury, or condition.
II. Diseases of the nervous system and of the
organs of special sense-Continued.
Conjunctivitis, acute........................
Conjunctivitis, chronic......................
Conjunctivitis, phlyctenular ...............
Trachoma................................
Abscess of eyelid............................
Abscess of orbit............................
Amblyopia.................................
Astigmatism................................
Atrophy of optic nerve......................
Bleparitis...................................
Cataract....................................
Chalazion..................................
Chorioiditis................................
Cystoma of conjunctiva....................
Dacryocystitis............................
Ectropion.................................
Glaucoma, acute............................
Glaucoma, chronic.....................
Hemorrhage, under conjunctiva, nontrau-
matic....................................
Hordeolum................................
lHyperesthesia of retina.......-..............
Hvpermetropia...... ................
Iridocyclitis............................
Iritis.......................................
Keratitis..................................
Keratitis, phlyctenular... ............
Leucoma.................................
Myopia....................................
Neuritis of optic nerve......................
Night blindness...........................
Paralysis of elevator palpebrie superioris......
Paralysis of right internal rectus muscle ....
Presbyopia..............................
Pterygium.................................
Retinitis....................................
Scleritis ....................................
Staphvloma of cornea.......................
Trichiisis............................. .
Ulcer of cornea............................
Ankylosis of ossilfes........................
Cerumen, accumulation of.................
Deafness...............................
Eustachian salpingitis, chronic .............
Myringitis, acute.........................
Myringitis, chronic........................
Otitisexterna..............................
Otitis media, acute.........................
Otitis media, chronic ......................
III. Diseases of the circulatory system.
Adherent pericardium......................
Pericarditis, acute.........................
Endocarditis, acute......................
Valvular diwsase, chronic, cardiac............
Atrophy of heart.........................
Dilatation, acute cardiac..................
Dilatation, chronic cardiac.................
Myocarditis chronic.........................
Aneurism of popliteal artery.............
Aneurism of thoracic aorta..................
Aortitis....................................
Arterial sclerosis, cerebral.................
Arterial sclerosis, general................
Hemorrhoids.............................
Num-
ber of
new
hospital
cases.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
2
Inter-
nation-
al No.
2
5
1
1
1
1
......."
........"
.. . .
1 "" "i
15
197
50
15
178
49
12
28
725
49
Num-
ber of
hospital Num-
cases berof
previ- hospital
ously sick
treat days.
for the days.
same
disease.
1 23
........ 13
........ 31
i........ ........
21
22
1 46
1 46
. .. .......
Num- Num-
ber of her
Num- out-of- be of
er of hospital stations
new cases and
hospital ously ments
pa- treated of out-
tits. for the o o
same tients.
disease.
67 2 860
11 ........ 201
2 ........ 16
20 3 661
........ 1 3
1 3
S....... 71
1 ........ 2
8 1 206
47 3 204
8 ........ 38
.. .... .. ...... .......
1 ........ 1
3 ........ 66
2 ........ 28
1......... 11
4 3 114
1 ........ 1
6 ........ 56
1 1 5
4 ........ 11
1
i ........ i
1 ........ 15
4 ........ 148
2 ........ 16
7 ........ 104
6 1 16
... ........ .. 17
1 ........ 9
2 ........ 8
1 ........ 5
12 ........ 25
31 3 408
5 ........ 39
1 ........ 3
2 ........ 5
4 ........ 11
1 ........ 7
9 ........ 43
1 ..... 1
21 2. j 747
29 ........ 86
1 ........! 1
21 ........I 74
8 ......... 41
4 ........ 15
1 ........ 17
1 2
1 ....... 2
51 10 152
1 ........ 1
4 ........ 9
2 ........ 4
15 4 69
S 1 6
4 1 9
3 3
5 1i ::8::::
5 1 8
76 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Disease, injury, or condition.
III. Diseases of the circulatory system--Con.
Phlebitis of basilie vein.....................
Va'icocele..................................
Varix of leg................................
Varix of wrist..............................
Abscess of inzuinal lymph nodes ............
Lymnhadenitis acute, of bronchial lymph
nodes............ .. ................
LymDhadenitis, acute, of cervical lymph
nodes...................................
Lymohadenitis, acute, of crural lymph
nodes.................................
Lymuhadenitis, acute, of femoral lymph
nodes....................................
Lymphadenitis, acute, of inguinal lymph
nodes.................................
Lymphadentitis, acute, of occipital lymph
nodes...............................
Lymphadenitis, acute, of retro-maxillary
lymnh nodes.........................
Lymphadenitis, acute, of submaxillary
Symph nodes..........................
Lymohadenitis, acute, of submental lymph
nodes...................................
Lymphadentitis, chronic, generalized .......
Lymnhadentitis, chronic, of cervical lymph
nodes............................
Lyvmhadentitis, chronic, of crural lymph
nodes...................................
Lymphadentitis, chronic, of femoral lymph
nodes.................................
Lymnhadenitis, chronic, of inguinal lymph
nodes.................................
Lymphangitis of arm.......................
Lymphancitis of le........................
Lvmphansitis of thich....................
Manic-depressive psychosis, depressive type..
Epitaxis ..................................
Palpitation, cardiac.......................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory system.
Adenoids...... ..........................
Deviation of nasal septum...................
Mvxoma of nose..........................
Rhinitis, acute...........................
Rhinitis, hypertrophic...................
Ulcer of nasal passage ...................
Laryngitis,acute.......................
Laryngitis, chronic ............. ......
Goiter...............................
Bronchitis, acute.........................
Bronchitis, chronic........................
Pneumonia, broncho....................
Pneumonia, lobar.......................
Pleurisy, acute fibrinous........ ......
Pleurisy, sero-fibrinous....... .......
Bronchial asthma...........................
Emphysema, pulmonary ................
Hemoptysis.............................
V. Diseases of the digestive system.
Num-
ber of
new
hospital
cases.
Num-
ber of
hospital
cases
previ-
ously
treated
for the
same
disease.
Num-
ber of
hospital
ick
days.
2 ........ 20
........I 1 28
1 ........ 22
........ 1 24
....... ........ ........
................ ........
1 1 12
3* 7---
""" ....... ........ i
1. 1 12
....... ........ ........
- -- ------ --------~
........ ........ ........
........ ........ ........
...... .. ....... - ------
1 ........
6 7 232
11
3
1
Abscess, alveolar.................................
Caries of tooth......... ...................
Pyorrhea alveolaris......................... 1
Glossitis, acute................................
Papilloma of tongue..............................
Retention cyst of lingual duct............... ........
22
2
......i"
...... i.
592
32
12
107
.....i2"
.... io7
Inter-
nation-
al No.
-----
Num-
ber of
Num- out-of-
ber of hospital
new cases
out-of- previ-
hospital ously
pa- treated
tints. for the
same
disease.
I.
.. ........
1 ........
1 ........
2 ........
1 ........
1 ........
2 --------
10 1
1 ........
1 ........
3 ........
1 ........
1 ........
2 ........
17 .
1
1
1
1
5
2
6
10
1
11
27
1
2
1
73
7
37
3
3
1
8
3
Num-
ber of
consul-
tations
and
treat-
ments
of out-
tients.
10
2
18
5
1
72
6
12
3
12
3
1
4
2
1
2
3
5
14
5
40
94
21
2
51
319
4
14
13
3
189
21
109
3
6
23
39
9
1
24
188
82
7
4
3
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 77
TABLE 8.-Diseases,.injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Inter-
nation-
al No.
Num-
ber of
hospital Num-
cases ber of
previ- hospital
ously sick
treated ays.
for the days.
same
disease.
Num-
ber of
Disease, injury, or condition. new
hospital
cases.
V. Diseases of the digestive system-Contd.
Stomatitis........................................
Ulcer of mouth.....................................
Abscess, tonsillar....................................
Hypertrophy of tonsils...................... 1
Pharyngitis, acute...................... 1
Pharvneitis, chronic................................
Tonsillitis, acute follicular..........................
Tonsillitis, chronic......................... ........
(Esophagitis.... ........................
Ulcer of stomach............................ 2
Atony of stomach........................ .....
Gastralgia........ ............ ..............
Gastritis, acute catarrhal.................... 1
Gastritis, chronic catarrhal.........................
Gastritis chronic catarrhal.................. 1
Hyperchorhydria... ............................
Colitis, acute (2 years minus).-.............- 2
Enteritis, acute (2 vears minus)............. 2
Enteritis, chronic (2 years minus) ...............
Enterocolitis (2 years minus).......................
Gastroenteritis (2 years minus).................
Gastroenteritis (2 years minus).......... .....
Colitis, acute (2 years plus)................. 3
Colitis, chronic (2 years plus).......................
Enteritis acute (2 years plus).......................
Enterocoitis (2 years plus)..........................
Gastroenteritis (2 years plus)................ 2
Ulcer of duodenum................. .............
Ulcer of duodenum, perforating......................
Duodenitis (2 years plus)........................
Gastroduodenitis (2 years plus)......................
Uncinariasis.............................
Ascariasis.................................. 1
Oxyuriasis... .................................
Oxyuriasis in intestine.............................
Schistosomiasis, intestinal.......................
Trichuriasis................................. ..
Appendicitis, acute.......................... 3
Appendicitis, chronic........................ 1
Hernia, inguinal.......................... 7
Hernia, inguinal, strangulated .............. 1
Hernia, umbilical............. ..............
Hernia, ventral.......................... ....
Obstruction, acute intestinal................ 1
Fistulainano .............................. 2
Fistularecto-vaginal....................... 2
Proctitis..................................... ......
Abscess about rectum....................... 1
Constipation................................. 3
Foreign body in rectum.......... ............
Impactedfeces .................... ......... ....
Prolapse of rectum.......................... .....
Splanchnoptosis............................ ......
Sprue........................... ...............
Stricture of rectum.................... ........
Cirrhosis of liver, hyperthropic......................
Cholelithiasis................... .....................
Cholangitis, acute........................... 1
Cholecystitis, acute................... ...
Fistula, biliary .............................. 1
Splenitls, chronic, interstitial ................ 1
Adhesions of peritoneum ......................
Peritonitis, acute general............................
Num-
ber of
new
out-of-
hospital
pa-ts.
tents.
12
1
1
7
3
5
20
1
4
1
31
66
14
2
16
6
1
2
2
48
8
14
3
4
3
1
1
1
15
22
1
1
1
6
6
7
18
5
1
2
3
2
107
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
3
""..i
Num- Num-
er of berof
out-of- cons-
hspitaltations
cases and
previ- treat-
t= ments
treated ments
for the ofout-
same tZ s.
disease.
1
6
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
.......
.... ...
31
8
1
35
12
37
34
1
8
3
58
125
41
3
37
23
5
4
3
141
36
29
4
8
13
1
1
3
84
55
2
1
19
38
13
51
1
7
3
2
25
4
..... i-
1
4
5
2
12
1
5
........ ........
........ ........3
1 10
1 15
........ 37
........ ........ "
........ 18
23
. i" ..... .i "
4 88
... .....
1 20
1 26
1 19
2 30
1 36
2 55
........ 15
2 172
4 111
15 500
1 45
1 21"
........ 18
1 39
........ 89
1 45
4 44
1 7
1 56
1 6
. . . . . . i "
1 28
........ 42
142
1 1423
-IIIIIIIKI-~~~
78 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
ber r oNf ber of
INum- sol ou onsult-o
Num- tal Num- ber of hospital tons
Inter- her of ase ber of new cases a s
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new e hospital o presv- tea
al No. hospital tre sicka hospital ousl e t,
for the days pa- treated ments
cases. ar te tients. for the of out-
same. s tiens.
disease disease.
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the gento-urinary
system and annexa.
Nephritis, acute............................. 3
Albuminuria...........................-........
Nephritis, chronic interstitial................ 3
Nephritis, chronic parenchymatous.......... 1
Hematuria,renal............... ...........
Nephralgia.......................... .......
Pyelitis..................................... 1
Pyelonephritis......................................
Nephrolithiasis.............................. ........
Ureteral colic................................ ........
Bacteriuria..........................................
Cystitis, acute............................... ........
Cystitis, chronic............................. 1
Enuresis, functional........ ........... ........
Incontinence of urine........................ ........
Retention of urine..................................
Fistula, vesicovainal ..............................
Fistula of bladder.......................... ........
Stricture of urethra.......................... 1
Urethritis, chronic........................... ........
Enlargement of prostate..................... ........
Balanoposthitis............................. ........
Epididymitis, acute...... .......... .......
Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis................ 3
Impotence............................... .....
Myxoma of urethra.............. ....... ......
Paraphimosis..................................
Phimosis................................... ..
Menorrhaia.............................
Metrorrhagia............................ ...
Fibroma of uterus ................ ..... 1
Fibromyoma of uterus......... ....... 4
Myofibroma of uterus... ................
Endocervicitis, chronic......................
Endometritis, acute.............................
Endometritis, chronic..................... 3
Amenorrhea........................ .......
Displacement of uterus, antellexion............ ......
Displacement of uterus, prolapse............ 1
Displacement of uterus, retroflexion......... 4
Pisplacement of uterus, retroversion......... 1
Dysmenorrhea.............................- 2
Laceration of cervix uteri, old............... ....
Menopause............ ...................
Cystoma of ovary- ............................ --......--
Abscess of fallopian tube.................... 1
Salpingitis, acute............................ 2
Salpingitis, chronic..................... 1
Vainitis, acute .............................
Vulvitis, acute............... ........... ........
Abscess of mammary gland.................. ....
Lipoma of mammary gland..........................
Mastitis, acute....................... ..........
VII. The puerperal state.
Premature labor (eighth month)............. 1
Hydramnois, pregnancy......... ... ...1.
Laceration of pelvic floor, puerperium....... 2
Parturition, O. D. A...................... 25
Parturition, O. D. P......................... 1
Parturition, O. L. A........................ 28
Parturition, pos. not obs..................... 6
Parturition, S. D. A........................ 4
Pregnancy, normal......................... 13
Puerperium, normal........................ 14
112
12
3
1
121
344
203
18
........ ........
1 27
........ 1
1 3
S1 67
2 226
2 177
6 153
6 109
9 479
1 7
........ 43"
........ 44
........ 18
1 3
4 77
3 107
5 172
21 610
17
........ 17.
........ 78
........ 24
1 526
........ 32
1 513
........ 131
131
1 120
6 295
6
1
25
4
1
2
1
1
7
1
1
14
2
4
1
1
1
2
S........ i
........ I
1
"'""""i
13
2
72
13
3
3
4
5
19
2
3
51
13
15
3
1
2
12 7 155
1 ........ 8
2 1 12
5 ........ 41
5 2 9
9 2 32
93 3
3 ........ 3
1 ........ 5
2 ........ 2
12 ........ 51
5 ........ 7
3 ........ 20
9 2 17
10 3 22
1... ........ 1
3 ........ 7
2 ........ 3
7 2 17
4 ........ 15
4 1 9
11 ........ 33
2 ........ 2
16 1 42
5 ........ 7
13 ........ 21
4 ........ 10
3 ........ 6
18 2 42
36 6 75
2 ....... 6
2 ........ 3
2 ........ 7
........ ........ ........
3 ........ ......
S........ 11
83 4 146
........ ........ ........
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 79
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Nu- Nu-
ber of Nu- out-of her of
oNum- t-of cosl-
Num- hospital Num- ber of hospital consul-
Inter- her of cases her of new cases tatons
nation- Disease, Injury, or condition, new prev- hospital out-of- prev an
alNo. hospital sick hospital osly ments
cases. for the days. p tr te ofout-
same tts for the t-
disease disease. tents.
134B
134B
134B
134B
134B
134B
134B
135
136
136
138
138
138
138
141
142
142
143
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
144
145A
145B
145C
145C
145C
145C
1450
145C
145C
145C
145C
145C
145C
1450
145C
145C
1450
145C
145C
8
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1I
1
VII. The puerperal state-Continued.
Abortion..................................
Abortion, threatened......................
Gestation, eitrauterine.....................
Pregnancy, vomiting of..................
Premature labor (sixth month).............
Premature labor, threatened................
Premature separation of placenta............
Placenta previa, parturition................
Deformed.pelvis, acquired, parturition.......
Parturition, multiple I (. L. A.), II (0. L.
A.), II (M. L. A.)......................
Albuminuria pregnancy....................
Nephritis, acute puerperium.................
Toxemia of pregnancy, eclampsia, parturi-
tion.....................................
Toxemia of pregnancy, eclampsia, pregnancy.
Milk retention..............................
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular
tissue.
Gangrene of foot............................
Gangrene of toes:...........................
Furunculosis..............................
Abscess in male perineum..................
Abscess of arm..............................
Abscess of axilla............................
Abscess of buttock..........................
Abscess of ear................................
Abscess of face..............................
Abscess of finger............................
Abscess of foot..............................
Abscess of leg...............................
Abscess of neck.............................
Abscess of scalp.............................
Abscess of thigh...........................
Cellulitis of arm...........................
Cellulitis of buttock..........................
Cellulitis of face.............................
Cellulitis of finger............................
Cellulitis of foot.............................
Cellulitis of forearm........................
Cellulitis of hand...........................
Cellulitis of leg..............................
Cellulitis of lip..............................
Cellulitis of scalp..........................
Cellulitis of scrotum........................
Cellulitig of thigh...........................
Cellulitis of toe.............................
Trichophytosis............................
Scabies.....................................
Acne......................................
Angiokeratoma............................
Clavus......................................
Dermatitis repens .........................
Eczema....................................
Eczema seborrhoicum .....................
Erythema multiforme.....................
Erythema nodosum.......................
Fibrolipoma of buttock....................
Fibrolipoma of leg..........................
Fibroma of ear..............................
Fibroma of knee............................
Fibroma of lip...............................
Fibroma of skin.............................
Granuloma inguinale..................
Herpes of lips..............................
Herpes of penis............................
107
16
55
50
7
3
2
1
....... .......
........ ......... 2
17 ........I........ ........
26 ........ ........ ........
3 ........ ........ ........
80 ........ ........ ..... ..
55 2 ........ 3
11 ........ .. .........
29 ........ ........ ........
2 1 4
........ 1 ........ 2
........ I1
........ 50
...--. S" 8
55
6
75
26
25
42
2
...ii.
1
6
2
2
2
1
3
1
6
1
8
I
1
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
34
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
........
525 ........
1
....... i
4
1
2......
........
......2.
3
10
18
33
12
2
7
6
87
6
13
5
11
10
23
1
4
155
24
1
29
54
4
6
2
2
30
28
84
1
1
3
3
248
1
6
2
1
8
1
1
1
4
7
2
iiiii........ii......iiiiiii..
................
3 ........
........ ........:
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........ i"
1 ........
1 1..
........ ........
........I 1
....... ........
........ 1..i '.
.'.'...'.'.'. ...2
80 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
her of -
Num- out-of- ......
her- ofrNun her of
Num- hospital Num- ber of hospital a t
Inter- ber of Case ber of new cases nd
nation- Disease, injury, or condition, new usly hospital out-of- previ- tre-
sl hospital out-of- prey- trment
alNo. hospital ted sick hospital ously ments
cases for the days.ti treated ofout
sane t for the pa-
disease. same tients.
disease.
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular
tissue-Continued.
145C Herpes of prepuce........................ ..................... 1 ........ 4
145C Ichthyosis......................................................... 1 ........ 5
145C Impetigo conta osa ......................... 1 1 24 8 1 55
145C Impretgo ex............................... ........ 1 21 43 1 36
1450 Ingrowig .......................................... ........ 5 ........ 18
145 Intertrigo......................................... ........ ........ 3... 4
145C Keratosisn............................................. ........ ..... 38
145C Leucodermia.............. ...................... ....... ........ ........ 1
145C Lichen plan .................... ................ ....... 3 ........ 8
145C Lichen rubber m.............................. .............. 4 ........ 12
145C Lipoma of elbow................ ................... .. ........ ........ 1 ........ 2
145C Lipoma o forearm.................. .. ............ ..... .... 1 ........ 61
145C Lipoma o thigh.......................... ....... 1 15 .............. ........
145C Paroneyhis..................... ....... ................. 1........ 15
145 Pediculois .. ................................. ...... ........ 1 ........ 15
145C Pemphigus ... .............................. ........ 1 ........ 3
145C Pityriasis simplex.......................... ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 7
145C Prurigo.................... .......... ..... 5...... 5 .. 15
145C Pruritus............................................. ... ...... 5 1 9
145C Retention cyst of hip............................ ...... 1 ........ 2
145C Retention cyst of sebaceous gland...... I ........ 15 5 1 40
145C Seborrhea................... .. .. ..... ....... ........ 1 ........ 1
145C Ulcer of face .............................. ..... ............... 1 1 31
145C Ulceroffoot .............................. 1 2 86 4 1 54
145C Ulcer of hand................................... ............... 1 ...... 5
145C Ulcer ofleg ................................. 3 3 160 23 5 843
145C Ulcer of mammary gland........... ........ ................ 1 ........ 4
145C Ulcer of toe................ ................ ..... 1 14 3 1 72
145C Ulcer of umbilicus.................... ............... ...... 2 ........ 10
145C Urticaria...............--...........................------ 2 ........ 2
145C Wart. ....................... ...... ........1 ......... 4
145C Zoster... ............................ ................ ........ 7
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of
locomotion.
146 Atrophy of maxillarm bone............................. ...... 1 1 1
146 Ethmoidal sinusitis......................... ........... ........ ....... 29
146 Frontal sinusitis ......................... ....-.............. 7 1 58
146 Maxillary sinusitis............. ....................... 1 ........ 5
146 Necrosis of inferior maxillary bone........ .... .... 1 3 ........... .......
146 Osteitis......................... ................. .............. 1 ....... 4
146 Osteomyelitis, acute, of humerus.......... .... ...... ................... 2 108
146 Osteomyelitis, chronic, of rib............... ........ 14 ........ 1 23
146 Osteomyelitis, chronic, of tibia........ ...........--1... 132 4
146 Periostitis, acute, of tibia................... 1 ........ 239 1 1 24
146 Periostitis, chronic, of clavicle............. ........1 3
146 Periostitis, chronic, of coccyx................ 1 ....... 20...
146 Periositits, chronic, of oscalcis............... ...... ........-- ....
147 Arthritis, acute, of ankle joint............... ...... .......... 5
147 Arthritis, acute, of cervical spinal column ...............1 ........ 3
147 Arthritis, acute, of elbowjoint.................. .............. ........ 3
147 Arthritis, acute, of finger joints....... ...... 2 ........ 5
147 Arthritis, acute, of foot joints........................ 4 ........ 9
147 Arthritis, acute, of hip joint................. ..... ........ 3 1 9
147 Arthirits, acute, of knee joint................ ........ 3 ........ 5
147 Arthritis, acute, of sacral joints ......................... ........ 1 ........ 1
147 Arthritis, acute, of shoulder joint ............ ........ 6 ........ 10
147 Arthritis, acute, of shoulder, elbow, and knee
joints.................................. ... ....... 1. ........ 7
147 Arthritis, acute, of shoulder, elbow, hip, and
footjoints................................ .... 1 ........ 10
147 Arthritis, acute, of sternal joints.............. ....1 ........ 3
147 Arthritis, acute, polyarticular..................... .... 6 20
147 Arthritis, chronic, articular............. .. ................ 1 ...1
147 Arthritis, chronic, of cocygealjoints......... ...... ........ ........ 1
147 Arthritis, chronic, of elbow and wrists.................. ......... 1
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 81
TABLE 8.-Diseases,8.innju es, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
ber of Num- out-of- her of
consul-
Num- hospital Num- ber of hospital tins
Inter- berof cases her of new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new pr hospital out-of- prev- trat-
a No. hospital t sic hospital ously ments
ys. pa- treated
cases for the days. rthe of out-
same tients, for the
sa e same tits.
disease. disease.
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of
locomotion-Continued.
147 Arthritis, chronic, of hip joints............................... ...... 3 7
147 Arthritis, chronic, of kneejoint.............................. ....... 4 37
147 Arthritis, chronic, of shoulder andhip joints.. ................ ........ 1 ........ 1
147 Arthritis, chronic, of shoulder joints...................... ..... 1 1 9
147 Arthritis, chronic, of tarsal joints ............. ......... 1 ........ 1
147 Arthritis, chronic, of wrist and anklejoints... ................. ....... 11
147 Arthritis, chronic, polyarticular.................... 1 16 6 4 22
149 Bursitis, chronic, of olecranon bursa......... .. .... 1 ........ 9
149 Ganglion..... ................................. 2 2
149 Halluxvarus................................ 1 1 26 ........ .. .......
149 Lipoma of thigh............................... 1 ........ 1
149 Myositis,acute ......................... .. 15 ........ 19
149 Myositis, chronic.......................... I........ ........ .... ........ 1 3
149 Rheumatism, muscular...................... *....................... 27 ........ 62
149 Tenotosynovitisoftendonsheath of M.exten-
sor digitorum communis ....... :......... ........-... .... ....... 1 ...... 2
X. Malformations.
150 Congenital malformation of abdominal wall .......................... 1 ........ 4
150 Congenital malformation of foot.............. ........ 1 365 .....................
150 Congenital malformation of hand ............ ....................... 1 ........ 1
150 Congenital malformation of heart.................................... 2 ....... 3
150 Congenital malformation of rectum......... ....... 1 79......................
150 Congenital malformation of tongue................................. 3 ........ 8
150 Congenital malformation of vagina...... ...... ........................ 1 5
150 Deformed pelvis, congenital, pregnancy.............. ............... 1 ........ 1
XI. Early infancy.
151A Birth, full term....... ........ .......... 86 1 1,266 ........................
151A Infancy............ ......... ...... .... 17 ........ 469 98 1 345
151B Birth, premature......... .................. 3 ..... 29 ..............
151B Diet regulation.................................... .... ...... 1 ........ 1
151B Icterus neonatorum .......... .. ....................... I ........ 1
151B Improper feeding......................... ............. ........ 8 1 27
151B Malnutrition (1 year minus)................. 1 2 198 4 ........ 4
151B Prematurity................................. 6 ........ 265 4 1 6
152B Hemorrhage from umbilical cord............ 1 ........ 1 .......................
152B Melena neonatorum (3 months minus)....... 1 ........ 13 1 ........ 2
152B Pemphigus neonatorum ............. ....... ........ ........ 1 ........ 1
XII. Old age.
154A Senilepsychosis............................. 1 2 335 1 ........ 2
154B Senility ..................................... ... ............... 1 ........ 1
XIII. External causes.
164 Fish poisoning............................... 1 2 44 25 ........ 44
164 Poisoning, acute kassava .................... ..... ................... 2 ........ 4
165 Poisoning, acute mercury.................... I .-....... 18 .............. ........
165A Poisoning, insect sting....................... ...... .............. 1 ........ 7
165B Poisonin, acutenicotin ..................... ........ ......... ....... 2
166 Burn of thigh................................ 1 ........ 7 ....... I.......
166 Burns, multiple............................ .......... ..... 1 ....... 1
167 Burn of arm......................................... 2 ........ 15
167 Burn of back................................ .... .... .... 1 ........- 24
167 Burn of chest wall........................... ........ 1 16 1 1 6
167 Burn of conjunctiva........................ ...................1 ...... 1
167 Burnof:ace ............ ........... .1 1. ..
167 Burn of foot............................ .... 1 ........ 48 1 ........ 13
167 Burn offorearm........ ...................... ...... ....... 2
167 Burn of hand ...1 I ........ 5
167 Burn ofleg.........................-........ 1 .. 9 2 1 16
186373-20---6
82 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- Nu- Num-
Nuber-of ber of ber of
er of Nu- out-of- er of
cNum- onsul-
Num- os Num- f s tat
Inter- ber of case berof new cases stations
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new hospital o of- previ- -
al No. hospital sick hospital ous ments
a- =
a for the days. pa- t the of out-
tsame ients. ti
same s e pa-
disease. dis tiease. ts
XIII. External causes-Continued.
167 Burn ofneck......................... ....................... 2 ....... 8
167 Burn of shoulder............................ .............. 1....... 7
167 Burns,multiple........................... 1 2 97 10 ........ 99
170B Foreign body, traumatic, in eye........... ...... ...... ...... ........ 1 11
170B Wound, lacerated, of scalp................... ........ ....... ....... 1 ........ 5
170C Wound, gunshot, of neck and chest.......... ........ 3 ..............
171 Abrasion of arm.............. .... ... ........ ...... 1 ........ 2
171 Abrasion of foot .................................... 19
171 Abrasion of hand............................ ............... ....... 1 ........ 7
171 Abrasion of scalp........... ................. ... ........ 1 ........ 2
171 Wound, incised, of face ..................... ........ .. ..... 1 ........ 4
171 Wound, incised, offinger.......... ............ ...... .. ..... 18
171 Wound, incised, of forearm............................... ...... 1 ........ 4
171 Wound, incised, of forearm and back .............. ............... 1 ........ 8
171 Wound, incised, of hand....................... .... ............. 1........ 12
171 Wound, lacerated, of conjunctiva........... .... ......... .. ........ 1 ....... 5
171 Wound, lacerated, of face................ ........ ...... 12
171 Wound, lacerated, of finger....................... ............ 7 ........ 37
171 Wound, lacerated, of forearm...................................... 2 ........ 7
171 Wound, lacerated, of forehead............................. ........ ....... 3
171 Wound, lacerated, of hand 3* -------- 11
171 Wound, lacerated, of hand.................................. ... 3 ........ 11
171 Wound, lacerated, of lip........................ ..... 2
171 Wound, lacerated, of toe................. ........ ........ 1 ........ 7
171 Wound, punctured, of finger................. ...... ........ ........ 1 ........ 1
171 Wound, punctured, of foot................... ...... .... ........ 2 ........ 11
171 Wound, punctured, of forearm........ ............. 1 ........ 3
171 Wound, punctured, of hand............. .. ..... ..... ..... ........ 2
171 Wound, stab of bac ........................ ....... 1 4 ........ 1 3
172 Abrasion of face........................... .......... ...... ........ 6 ........ 27
172 Abrasion of foot............................. ........ ............. 1 ........ 5
172 Abrasion of hand................................. ..... ..... .......... -17
172 Abrasion of knee........................... .... ................ 2 ........ 22
172 Abrasion of leg .............................. ....... ........ ........ 1 ...... 1
172 Abrasion ofscalp............................ .. .. ........ 2 ........ 6
172 Contusion of buttock...................... ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 1
172 Contusion of face.......................... ........... ....... 4 ........ 15
172 Contusion of hip... .......... ..............1 ........1 1
172 Contusion of legbar muc.......................... ... ........ ........ 3
172 Contusion of lumbar muscles............... ................. ........ 1
172 Contusion of thigh.......................... 1 ........ 5 ................
172 Fracture, simple, bof t ankle joint......... 1 ........ 23............. ..
172 Fracture, simple,of clavicle................. ........ 5......................
172 Fracture, simple, of fibula .............. ....................... 1 ........ 6
172 Fracture, simple, of humerus................ ........ ............ .. ........ 9
172 Fracture, simple, of patella ................. ....... 1 12 1 ...... 1
172 Fracture, simple, of radius.................. 1 ........ 4 4 1 8
172 Fracture, simple, of ulna and humerus....... ............. ........ 11
172 Fracture, simple, of ulna and radius......... 2 1 49 2 3 32
172 Hematoma, traumatic, of buttock........... 1 ........ 24 ...................
172 Intracranialinjury........................... 1 ........ 3 ..............
172 Laceration of urethra...................... 1 ..... 23............. ....
172 Sprain of sacro-iliac joint.......................................... 1 ........ 2
172 Surain of vertebral joint ......................... ..... ...... 1 ....... 1
172 Strain of intercostal muscle................... ................. 1 ........
172 Wound, incised, of face........................ ....... 1 ........
172 Wound, lacerated, of face....................1 1 8 1 44
172 Wound, lacerated, of finger..... ............ 1 ........ 4 ...................
172 Wound, lacerated, of forearm........ ............ ....-..... .. 6
172 Wo"nd, lacerated, of forehead.............. .... ........ 1 ........ 2
172 Wound, lacerated, ofleg .................... ........ 41 2 ........ 17
172 Wound, lacerated, of penis....... ..... ..... 1 ........ 17
172 Wound, lacerated, of scalp................... ............. 38
172 Wound, lacerated, of tongue................... .. ...... ........ 3
174A Crush of foot................................. 1 ........ 80 ...... ............
174C Avulsion of finger....................... .........1 ........ 9
174C Foreign body, traumatic, in cornea.................... ...... 1 ....... 2
174C Fracture simple, of femr......................... 2 133........... .......
174C Wound, mcised, of forearm....... .... ... ..... ... ...... ... 3
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 83
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomlas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Num- N Num-
ber of ber of
ber of Num- out-of- consul-
Num- hstal Num- ber of hospital tatio
Inter- er of ase ber of new eases an
nation- Disease, injury, or condition, new ly- hospital out-of- previ- eat
al No. hospital uslyted sick hospital ously ments
Cases treated days. pa- treated of out-
caes or the tents. for the
same pa-
same same tients.
disease. disease. tints
XIII. External causes-Continued.
174C Wo:nd, lacerated, of hand..:................ ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 5
175D Abrasion of hand.................................................... 1 ........ 3
175D Abrasions, multiple.......................... ........ ....... ........ 1 ........ 1
175T Contusion of scalp........................... ........ ................ 1 ..... ... 1
175D Contusion of thigh................. 1 ........ 15 ........................
175D Fracture, compo -nd, of tibia................ 1 ........ ........................
175n Fracture, simple, of tibia and fibula......... 2 ........ 96 ................
175F Abrasion of foot............................. ................ ........ 1 ........ 15
175F Abrasion of forearm ................................. ............... 1 ........ 4
175F Contusion of neck........................... ...................... 1 ....... 4
175F Contusion of sho'llder........................ ........ ................ 1 ........ 3
175F Fracture, simple, of rib..................... 1 ........ 21 ............. ......
175F Fracture, simple, of tibia...-...............-........ 1 37 1 ........ 1
175F Intracranial injury........................... 2 ........ 6 ..............
175F Wound,lacerated, of face.................... ......_ ....... .......... 1 ........ 6
175F Wound, lacerated, of scalp........................... ........ ........ 2 ........ 33
175G Abrasion of finger.............................. ........ ........ ..... 1 ........ 3
175G Abrasions, m"ltiple......................... 1 ....... 7 .... ................
175G Contusion of back........................... 1 ........ 13 ............... ....
175G Cont-sion offoot............................ 1 ........ 6 ...................
1750 Woond, lacerated, of leg..................... 1 ........ 49 ............... ....
175G Wound, lacerated, ofleg ..................... ... . ........ 10
1750 Wound, punctured, of hand................. ....... ......................
175H Fracture, simple, of metacarpal bones................................ 1 ........ 11
175H Suffocation.............................. .... ........ 1 1
176 Abrasion of face............................ ....... ........ ........ 1 ........ 3
176 Abrasion of finger............................ ........ ........ ....... 1 ....... 2
176 Abrasion of foot............................. .... .. ........ ........ 2 ........ 10
176 Abrasion of leg.............................. ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 9
176 Abrasion of thigh............................ .... .. ....... 1 ........ 1
176 Contusion of chest wall...................... 1 ........ 3................
176 Fracture, simple, of fibla ................... ........ 1 26 ........
176 Fracture, simple, of fibula-........................... ........ ....... 1 ........ 1
176 Wound, incised, of finger.................... ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 3
176 Wound, lacerated, of arm....................... ................ 2 ........ 12
176 Wound, lacerated, of face.......... ... ................ 1 ........ 2
176 Wound, lacerated, of finger.................. ........ ........ ........ 3 ........ 16
176 Wound, lacerated, of foot............................ ............. 2 ........ 2
176- Wound, lacerated, of hand................... ....... ...... ....... 2 ........ 12
176 Wound, lacerated, of leg..................... ........ ........ ........ 6 .. 652
176 Wound, lacerated, of thigh.................. ................ ........ 2 .... 18
177B Starvation................................... 1 ........ 29 1 . ...
185C Fracture of tooth............................ ...... ........ ........ 2 ........ 3
185C Fract-re, simple, of proximal phalanx of
thum b................................... ..... ........ ... ........ 3
186 Abrasion of arm..........................................--........ 2 ........ 9
186 Abrasion of face............................. ........ ....... ....... 4 .... ... 18
186 Abrasion of finger............................. 1 ........ 7
186 Abrasion of foot............................. ........ ........ ........ 4 ........ 11
I86 Abrasion of hand............................ ........ ....... ....... 2 ........ 9
186 Abrasion of leg.............................. ... ...7 ......... 86
186 Abrasion oflip...................................... ...... 1 ...... 1
186 Abrasion of-neck and face................... ........ 1 ....... 1
186 Abrasion of nipple........................... ....... ....--..--...---- 1 ........ 4
186 Abrasinn of Dens............................ ........ ........ ..... 1 ........ 2
186 Abrasion of scalp............................ .... 3 ........ 19
186 Abrasion of toe.. .............................. .......... 2 ........ 5
186 Avulsion, incomplete, of finger nail................. ... ... 1 ..-----. 12
186 Contusion of abdominal wall................. 2 1 ........
186 Contusion of arm............................ ...... ........ ........ ........ 1
186 Contusion of chest wall...................... ........ ........ ........ ........ 1
186 Contusion of cornea................................. .. ....... 1 ........ 10
186 Contusion of eye............................. ........ ........ ........ 3 ........ 10
186 Contusion of eyeball......................... ........ ........ ........ 2 ........ 5
186 Contusion of eyelids ......................... .-.----- ........ 2
186 Contusion of face............................ ........ ........ ........ 4 1 12
186 Contusion of finger .............. ... ----------2 ........ 11
186 Contusion of foot ............................ .. .2 ........ 112
84 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. THOMAS-Continued.
Inter-
nation
al No.
Num- Nu-
ber o Nnm-
Num- out-of- berof
Num- ber of hospital onsul
ber of new cases and
hospital out-of- previ- tre
sick hospital ously ments
days. pa- treated mets
a tits. for the of out-
pa-
same tients.
disease.
Num-
ber of
Num- hospital
ber of case
Disease, injury, or condition, new pri-l
hospital treated
cases for the
same
disease.
XIII. External causes-Continued.
Contusion of foot and finger...................................
Contusion of forearm............................... ......
Contusion of hand..........................................
Contusion of knee........................... ..........
Contusion of leg............................. .......
Contusion of rib........ ............... ..................
Contusion ofscalp....................... ....... .......
i Contusion ofshoulder...................................
Contusion oftoe............................. ... ........
Contusion of vulva.................... ..... .....
Contusions, multiple........................ i..... ..
Crush of finger............................... ....
Crush of toe.......................................
Foreign body in bronchus................ ..... .....
Foreign body in nasal passage......................
Foreign body in pharynx....................i........
Foreign body traumatic, in cornea........... ........
Fracture, simple, ofhumerus................ 1 ........
Fracture, simple, of phalanx........................ ........
Fracture, simple, oftibia.................... 1.......
Hemorrhage, traumatic, under conjunctiva.......... ........
Rupture,, traumatic, of oblique externus
and internus muscles......... ......... .. .......
Strain of gluteus medius muscle............. ........
Strain of rectus abdominis muscle....................
Wound, incised, of iger............................ ........
Wound,incised, of forearm ................. ........
Wound, incied, of hand...................................
Wound, incised, of leg.......................................
Wound, Incised, of scalp .................... ........
Wound, lacerated, of arm.................. ..... ........
Wound,lacerated, of back................... ........ ........
Wound, lacerated, of buttock.........................
Wound,lacerated, of ear ................... ........ ........
Wound, lacerated, of face................... ...............
Wound,lacerated, of finger.................. ........ ........
Wound, lacerated, of foot.................... ........ 1
Wound, lacerated, of forearm................ ................
Wound, laerated, ofhand................................
Wound, laerated, of head................. ....... ........
Wound, lae-ated, ofintestine............... 1 ........
Wound, lacerated, ofleg..................... ........
Wound,la-erated, ofsalp ................... 1 ........
Wound, lacerated, ofshoulder............... ................
Wound,lace-ated, of toe....................
Wound, lae-ated, of tympanic membrane.. ........ ......::
Wound, punctured, of abdominal wall........... .......
Wound, punctured, of eye'all........ ............ ....
Wound, punctured, of finger................ ................
Wound, punctured, of foot................... 1 ........
Wound, punctured, of hand..............................
Wound, punctured, of toe....... ... ................
Wound, punctured, of tympanic membrane..............
XIV. Ill-defined diseases.
Fever, cause undetermined .................. 2 ........
Headache............................. ................
Insomnia .................................... ........ ........
Malnutrition (1 year plus)........................ 1
Shok .................................... 1 ........
Vertigo.............................................. ........
Examination for ce-tificate of health ................ ........
Examination, post operative ................. ....... 1
Malingering........... ................ 1 ........
No disease................................ 6 1
...
1..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
........
........
........
........
........
........
1
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
:.......
1
........
1
........
........
........
........
........
.......
......
........
........
t
I
2
2
2
6
1
13 6
1
1
........ 1
1
4
2
7
....15..... 1
1
........ 2
........ 2
........ 1
.. ... 1
8
1
2
1
4
2
3
42
........ 14
2 37
........ 6
........ 10
13 6
........ 1
62... 1
-- 11
4 19
1
5
2
1
1
2
4 2
13' 30
........ 28
102... 1
2 3
23 21
........ 1
9
15
1
4
3
12
15
6
13
1
5
1
32
14
10
3
3
12
'5
2
5
135
90
294
5
58
2
1
109
121
16
18
5
2
3
18
7
1
7
2
........ 74
68
........ 2
...... W ..... 3
51
[6 264
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 85
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. JOHN.
Inter-
nation-
al No.
4
10
14
18
19
37
37
38A
38A
38B
38B
48B
50
54
55
55
68
69
71
72
73A
73B
73B
73B
73B
74
74
74
74
75A
75 B
75 C
76
76
79A
79C
79C
79C
81
81
81
82
83
84
85
85
86
86
87
89
91
92
93
93
93
94
96
98
Num- Num-
ber of Num-
Num- out-of- eof
Num- ber of hospital onsl-
ber of new cases nations
hospital out-f- previ-
sick hospital ously treat
days. pa- treated ments
tients. for the -
same pa-
disease. tients.
Num-
ber of
Num- hospit
ber of cases
Disease, injury, or condition, new prsev
hospital forlty
treated
cases for the
same
disease.
I. General diseases.
Malaria................ ...............
Influenza...................................................
Dysentery, bacillary......................... ............
Erysipelas................. .............................
Chicken pox........................ .............
Syphilis ofankle joint.. ................. .......
Syphilis of skin................................... .......
Chancroid ot penis........................... .... .......
Lymphadenitis, acute, of inguinal lymph
nodes, chancroidal....................... .............
Gonococcus infection of inguinal lymph
nodes........ ...............................
Gonococcus infection of urethra......... ..........
Rheumatism chronic articular.................. .....
Diabetes mellitus...................................
Anemia, simple...................................... ....
Acidosis, nondiabetic....................................
Hemophilia ........ ............................
II. Diseases of the nervous system and of the
organs of special sense.
Hypochondriasis...................................
Epilepsy with psychosis..................... ......
Convulsions, infantile (5 years minus)............ .....
Chorea..................................... .. ........
Hysteria................................................
Neuralgia of brachial nerve.................................
Neuralgia of intercostal nerves............. ..........
Neuralgia of sciatic nerve................... ..... .......
Neuralgia of trilacial nerve....................... ........
Anemia of brain...........................................
Migraine.................................... ....... .......
Neurasthenia ............................. ..........
Neurosis, occupational....................... ...... ......
Conjunctivitis, acute..................... ..... .....
Trachoma .......... .........................
Hordeolum............................................
Deafness....................................... ........
Otitis media, acute ......... ............... ..........
III. Diseases of the circulatory system.
Valvular disease, chronic, cardiac............................
Dilation, acute cardiac............................. ........
Hypertrophy of heart......................... ........
Myocarditis, chronic.......................................
Aneurism of abdominal aorta..............................
Aneurism of thoracic aorta......................... ......
Arterial sclerosis, general...................................
Embolism of cerebral artery................. .........
Phlebitis of saphenous vein.................................
Hypertrophy of submaxillary lymph nodes..............
Arrhythia, cardiac .......................
Palptation, cardiac..................... ... ........
IV. Diseases of the respiratory system.
Ozena................................... ...............
Rhinitis, acute ............................. .........
Laryngitis, acute ......................... .........
Bronchitis, acute............................. .......
Pneumonia, broncho...................... ...........
Pneumonia, lobar...........................................
Pleurisy, acute fibrinous...................
Pleurisy, chronic fibrous ..................... ..........
Pleurisy, serofibrinous........................ .......
Congestion of lungs.......................................
Bronchial asthma........................... ........
Hay fever ............................................
1
3
1
..
10
2
1
1
1
2
13
12
4
2
1
2
1
1
I
1
9
35
3
12
2
2
1
1
1
3
4
1
2
4
1
26
4
3
1
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
17
1
4.
11
135
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
1
4
4
3
1
14
86 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919-Continued.
ST. JOHN-Continued.
Inter-
nation- Disease, injury, or condition.
al No.
V. Diseases of the digestive system.
Num-
her of
Num- pit Num-
ber of her of
new Prev- hospital
hospital t lra sick
cases. for the days.
same
disease.
Caries of tooth................................... ........
Pyorrhea alveolaris.......... ......... ...... .......
Stomatitis.......................... ..............
Thrush......................................
Hypertrophy of tonsils.......................
I'harynitis, acute.................................. ........
Tonsilitis, acute follicular..................................
Tonsilitis, chronic .......... ........................
Aton- of stomach.........................................
Gastriltia.......................................... ........
Gastritis, acute c.tarrhal...................................
Gastritis, chronic catarrhal................. ........ ........
Nervous dyspepsia................................. ........
Remtrgitation from stomach... .... ........
Vomiting recurrent .......................... .. ........
rnterocolitis (2 years minus)................ .. ........
Euterocolitis (2 years plus).................. ........ ........
Ascri sis................................. ........ ........
Hernia, uinuinal ................................... ........
Hernia, umbilical ........................... ........ .......
Constipation........................... ......... .........
Hemorrhage, intestinal .................. ...............
Impacted feces..............................................
Atrophy of liver, acute yellow ....... ........ ........
Cirrhosis ofliver, atropic..................... .... ....
P'erihepatitis ............................. ..... .....
V I. Nonrenereal diseases of the genito-urinary
system and annexa.
Nephritis, chronic parenchymatous .............. .......
Hematuria, renal..... .......... ................
'yelonephritis................... . ..........
Cystitis, chronic.. .................
Incontinence of urine...................................
Cyst.... : ----- -------- --------:::I::
Retention of urine.........................................
Stricture of urethra .......................... .... .....
Impotence...................................... ........
t(rchitis, acute................................
Mlenorrhagia................................. .. -
Fibroma of uterus.................................. ......
Endocervitis, chronic...................... ........... .
Endometritis, acute-........... ..........
Endometritis, chronic. .......... .... ...... ......
Dysmenorrhea .... .................... ....... ........
Hypertrophy of cervix uteri......... .................
Oophoritis, chronic............................... ......
Vulvitis, acute..............................................
Hypertrophy of mammary gland............ ..........
VII. The puerperalstate.
99 A
99 A
99 B
1(9 B
KID
100
1001
10(1
100
103
103:
I0
I03
10t
103
103
1013
105
107
109
110 B
110 B
110 B
Ill
113
113
115
120
122
122
124
124
124
125
127
127
128
129
130 A
130 A
130 A
130 B
130 B
132
132
133
134 A
134 A
131 A
134 A
131 B
131 B
134 B
137
138
13S
....... .
:::::::........ :
:::::::........ :
........ [
........ I
........
........
........
........
........ i
........
........ i
I
Num- Num-
herof er of
Num- out-of- of
ber of hospital tatons
new cases and
out-of- previ- trt
hospital ously ments
treated of out-
Pis. for the oou
same tients.
disea 2e
22 I 26
1
1
2
14
2
1
1
2
1
7
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
12
1
.2
.......
........
1*
ii
1l
I
-I
5
.......4
-----y--
--***\-
I
4
1.. ...
-2
Parturition, O. D. P.......................
Parturition, O. L. A.......................
Pregnancy, normal.......................
S'uerperium, normal......................
Abortion ...................................
Pregnancy, vomiting of...................
Premature labor (6th month)............
Peritonitis, acute general, puerperium.......
Nephritis, acute, pregnancy.................
Toxemia of pregnancy, hyperemesis gravi-
darum...................................
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........
........ ........
..... .. ... ..
........ ........
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 87
TABLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. JOHN-Continued.
Num- Num-
erof er of Num-
ber of Num- out-of- ber of
Num- 'hospital Num- her of hospital consul-
Num- Num- berof stations
Inter- er of er of new cases a
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new hospital out-o- previ- and
al No. hospital s sick hospital ously nents
cases, forth days. pa- treated ofout-
same tients. for the Ofout-
ddi e. pa-
die. tients.
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular
tissue.
144 Abscess in male perineum................... 1........ ... ........ 2
144 Abscess ofaxilla............. ....... ........ ........... 1 2
144 Abscess of lip................... ............. ... ..... 1 ........ 4
145C Acne....... ........................ ....... 22 3 45
145 C Atrophy of skin............... ..................... ........ 3
145 C Dermatitis exfoliativa .....................2 ....... 4
145 C Dermatitis herpetiformis....................... ................ 4 2 17
145 C Dermatitis traumatica.................. ....... ........ ...... ..... 9
145C Eczema ..................................................1 ........ 1
145C Leucodermia............. ..... ....................... 2 3
145C Onychia......................... .. ..... 2 ......... 4
145C Paronychia................................. ...... ....... .. .. 10
145C Pruritus vulvae... ................................................ .. 2
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of
locomotion.
147 Arthritis, chronic, of knee joint....... ... ........ ................ 1
149 Abscess of quadriceps extensor muscle........................... ....... 2
149 Abscess of temporal muscle......................... ...... ........ 5
149 Abscess of tendo achilles............ ................. 2 ........ 6
149 Rheumatism, muscular...................... ........ ........ 10 3 28
XI. Early infancy.
151A Birth, full term........ .................................. 23 7 83
151A Infancy...... ......................... ........ ................ 11
151B Icterus neonatorum....................... ..... ........ ........ 2
151B Malnutrition (1 yearminus)........................................ 10 1 17
XII. Old age.
154B Senility....................................... .............. 2 ........ 3
XIII. External causes.
164 Fish poisoning.............................. ..................... ........ 4
167 Burnofface............................. ................ ........ 12
169A Submersion (nonfatal)....................... ........ .. 2 .. 2
169B Drowning.................... ............ ....... .............. 1
171 Abrasion of tongue ................................. 1 ........ 2
171 Wound, lacerated, of arm.................... ... .... ....... 1 ........ 5
171 Wound, lacerated, of foot..................... ...... .... 2 ........ 8
171 Wound, lacerated, of toe....................... ....................... 1........ 3
172 Sprain, wrist....................................... 2 ........ 5
172 Strain of abdominal muscles................................ ........ 1 ........ 3
172 Wound, lacerated, of scalp................. ........ ........ ........ 2 ........ 11
175F Abrasions, multiple......................... ........ ............... 2 ........ 7
175F Strainof muscles of spine.................... .............. 2 3
176 Contusion of leg ........... ..... ......... .......... ...... 1 1 6
176 Synovitis, traumatic................. ...................... 1 ........ 4
176 Wound, punctured, of foot............. ............. ........ 2........2 5
185C Fracture of coccyx.................... ................... 1........ 3
185C Fracture, simple, of metacarpal bone....... ........ ..... ................ 1 5
185C Fracture, simple, of rib............................................. 1........ 1
186 Contusion of chest wall............................. ........ .. 1 ........ 2
186 Contusion of face ............................ ..... ..... ....... 2 ........ 4
186 Crush of fin-er............................... ........ .........1 ........ 3
186 Strain of lumbar muscles ............... ...................... 2 ........ 6
186 Strain of quadratus lumborum muscle...... ...................... 1 ....... 4
186 Urethral fever, traumatic..................................... ........... 3
88 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TAiLE 8.-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service, St. Thomas
and St. John, calendar year 1919--Continued.
ST. JOHN-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
her of
mer of Num- out-of- consul-
Num- Num- ber of h ita tatons
Inter- her of cases b er of new cases ons
nation- Disease,injury, or condition. new spinal out-of- previ-
nw h p- ments-
cases, for the days. tia-. rt of out-
same tientsfor the pa-
damese. tients.
XIV. Ill-defined diseases.
189A Dentition................................................ ........ 1 ........ 2
189A Fever. cause undetermined.......... ......... ................. .. 2 ........ 4
189A Headache...................................... ............ .... 4 ........ 8
189A Insomnia...................... ............................ 1 ..... 1
189A Malnutrition (1 year plus).......................... 1 102 20 2 41
189B Examination for certificate of health.............. ................ 2 ........ 2
189B No disease.......................... ........ .......... ........ 6 ........ 7
RECAPITULATION.
St. John............................. ......... 828 134 021
St. Thomas............................. 547 482 31,150 3,511 23 24,570
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919.
CHRISTIANSTED DISTRICT.
Num-Num- Num-
berof her of f
her of Num- out-of- o
Num- Num- ber of hospital
Inter- ber of cases ber of new cases atio
nation- Disease, injury, or condition, new p hospital out-of- pre- an
al No. hospital sk hospital tret
cases, forth da ys. ti.- rt Ofout-
same pfor the
disease same tients.
I. Oenealdisasses.
I. General diseases.
Tphod fever............................ 1 ........ 72
Infuenza ................................ 13 190
Dysentery, bacillary............... ...... ........ 11
Dysentery, entamebic....................... 5 ........ 63
Leprosy................................... ........ 4
Fillariasis .................................. 8 8 819
Tetanus..................................... 5
Pellagra................................... 7. 890
Tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary........... 12 11 1,637
Tuberculois, acute pulmonary, miliary.... 3....... 132
Tuberculosis of peritoneum ...... ........ ......
Tuberculosis of knee joint.................. 3 ........ 223
Tuberculosis of lip.................... ........ .... ........
Tuberculosis of nasal passage............... 1 ........ 8
Syphilis of aorta...... ............. 1 1 126
Syphilis of ankle joint....................... ...... ...........
Syphilis of brain.......................... 2 ......... 69
Syphlis of cervical lymph nodes........... 1 ........ 10
Syphilis of cornea................. .I ..... 1 ........ 7
Syphilisof eyelid............................ 1 ........ 7
Syphilisof inguinal lymph nodes.............. ... ...............
Syphilis of knee joint.........................
Syphilis oflip ...................................... .. ...
Syphilisof penis.............................. ........
Syphilis, secondary....................... 21 8 632
Syphilis of skin.......................... 12 ........ 1,392
3
8
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
1
1
4
1
2
3
1
38
1
16
4537
38
12
375
48
453
500
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 89
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by theMedical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
CHRISTIANSTED DISTRICT--Continued.
Num- Nbeu Num-
ber of Num- o -of- ber of
h M Num- mout-ol o nsfl-
Numn- hospital Num- ber of hospital
Inter- ber of ees ber of new cases a ns
nation- Disease,injury oroondition. new hospital out-of- previ-
al No. hospital te sick hospital ous tet
cases. orthe days. 'a .orthe o ont
sae tian for tha
same same tin s.a-
disese. disease. tiant.
I. General diseases-Continued.
37 Syphilis of vagina........................... 1 2 50 .....................
38A Chancroid of penis.......................... 5 ....... 57 10 1 158
38A Chancroid of vulva.......................... 1 ........ 36 1 ........ 19
38B Gonococcus infection of epididymis ........ ..................-...... 2 1 128
38B Gonococcusinfection of fallopian tube....... 5 ........ 291 8 ........ 21
38B Gonococcus infection of urethra.............. 3 ........ 169 32 2 552
38B Gonococcus mfection of vulva............... 1 ........ 48 .............. ...
38B Gonococcus infection of vagina.............. 4 1 163 16 2 317
42A Carcinoma of uterus......................... 1 ....... 82 ...................
44A Epithelioma of face.......................... 2....... 30 3 ....... 14
44A Carcinoma of nose ........................... 1 ........ 10 ......................
45A Carcinoma of bladder........................ 1 ........ 20 ... ................
48A Arthritis deformans......................... 9 1....... 137 1 ........ 3
480 Gout, chronic............................... .... ........ ........ 1 ..:..... 1
58 Poisoning, acute, by mercury............... 1 ........ 4 ......................
I. Diseases of the nervous system and of the
organs of special sense.
62 Tabes dorsalis............................... 1 1 74 .......................
63 Paralysis agitans............................ 1........ 365 ........ ...............
64 poplaxy...... ..... 2 ........ 19 ... ................
64 hageinto cerebrum.................. 2 6 1 ........ 3
66 Hemiplega, old..................................... ................ 4 ........ 34
66 Parapleg, taxic........................... ... .. 1 115 ... ................
68 Constituional inferiority...................... 2 ........ 29 ........................
68 Demntiaprecox, catatonic ................ ........... ..... 1 ........ 1
74 N asi ra ua........ ......................... 1 ........ 88 ....... .......
74 Neurasthen ............... .... 3 ........ 31 3 ........ 4
74 Neurosis,traumatic ......................... 1 ........ 20 1 ........ 2
74 Night terrors................................ 1 ........ 1 1........ 5
74 Spasm, habit............................. .. .. .. ......... 1 ........ 2
75A Conjunctivitis, acute....................... 4 ........ 24 4 1 35
75B Trachoma................................... 2 ........ 129 ........... ........
75C Amaurosis.................................. 2 ........ 256 ...................
75C Cataract..................................... 14 ........ 1,504 ........ ................
75 Cyclitis..................................... 1 ........ 1 ... ................
75C Entropon................................... 3 ........ 36 .... ........ ...
75C Iritis ........................................ 1 ........ 17 ........ ........ ........
75C Keratitis .................................... 2 ........ 32 ........ ........ ........
75C Leucoma.................................... 1 ........ 354 ........................
75C Panophtha ts ........................... 2 ........ 36 ........ ........ ........
75C Ptergiulum.................................. 2 ........ 21 ....... .I....... .......
76 Foreign body in auditory canal.............. ........ 16 ....... 1 4
76 Otitis internal, acute....................... ....... 4 1 33
76 Otitisinterna, chronic ....................... ........ ......4 .. 45
76 Otitismedia, acute .......................... 1 ........ I.22 ........
76 Otitismedia, chronic....................... 2 ....... 32 ........ .
m. Diseases of the circulatory system.
79A Valvulardisease,chronic cardiac............ 10 5 1,079 8 2 38
79C Myocarditis, chronic......................... 12 17 1,984 17 1 79
79C Rupture of heart, spontaneous............... 1 ........ 1 ........ ...
81 Arterial sclerosis, general.................... 4 3 571 9 ........ 21
83 Hemorrhoids................................ 2 ....... 22 3........ 16
83 Varicocele................................... 1 ........ 12 2 ........ 2
84 Abscess of axillary -mph nodes ....... ....... 1 ........ 3
84 Abscess of femoral lymph nodes............. 1 ........ 11 ........ .
84 Abscess of inguinal lymph nodes............. 1 ........ 5 ........
84 Lymphadenitis,acute offemorallymph nodes 16 4 313 12 7 111
84 Lymphadenitis, acute, of inguinal lymph
nodes ............................... 18 ....... 49 11........ 28
84 Lymphadenitis, chronic, of cervical lymph
nodes...................................... 1 ........ 24 1 ........ 1
90 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919--Continued.
CHRISTIANSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Disease, injury, or condition.
Num-
ber of
new
hospital
cases.
III. Diseases of the circulatory system--Con.
Lym hadenitis, chronic, of femoral lymph
Lymphadenitis, chronic, of inguinal lymph
nodes...................................... 4
Arrvthmia, cardiac.......................... ...
Epistaxis............................... .......
Heart block.......................................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory system.
Rhinitis,acute............................. 2
Bronchitis, acute........................... 15
Bronchiectasis......................... 2
Bronchitis, chronic.......................... 3
Pneumonia, broncho...................... 5
Pneumonia, lobar........................... 10
Oedema of lung......................... 2
Bronchial asthma......................... 10
Emphysema, congenital pulmonary ........ 1
V. Diseases of the digestive system.
Caries of tooth................................... ..
Hypertrophy of tonsil....................... ........
Tonsilitis, acute follicular ................... 19
Tonsilitis, chronic....................... 11
Gastritis, acute catarrhal............... ..
Gastralgia................................ 8
Enteritis,acute (2 years minus)............. 1
Enteritis, chronic (2 years minus)........... 2
Uneinariasis, necator americanus............ 2
Ascariasis......................... ....... 1
Appendicitis, acute....................... 5
Appendicitis, chronic........................ 1
Hernia, femoral ............................ ........
Hernia, inguinal............................. 37
Hernia, inguinal, strangulated ............... 1
Hernia, umbilical........................... 3
Obstruction, acute intestinal................ 1
Constipation............................ 12
Cirrhosis of liver, hypertrophic................ 1
Cholelithiasis.........................................
Cholangitis, acute........................... 1
Entamoebic abscess of liver.................. 1
Peritonitis, acute local....................... 1
84
84
85
85
85
86
89
90
90
91
92
94
96
97
99A
100
100
100
103
103
104
104
106
107
108
108
109
S 109
109
109
109
110B
113
114
115
115
117
119
120
122
124
124
124
124
125
125
126
127
127
127
127
127
127
129
130A
11
6
3
1
5
1
48
1
3
19
5
1
48
1
19
17
2
2
Num-
ber of
hospital
cases
previ-
ously
treated
for the
same
disease.
" 2"
".. ""i"
i
"...""i.
.. 3
Num2
ber of
hospital
siok
days.
96
31
27
170
47
11
126
37
2
107
8
68
40
52
10
33
24
41
16
181
12
22
1,020
22
97
129
137
1
16
6
33
140
278
10
24
14
10
36
40
34
126
10
1,852
35
85
270
40
9
Num-
ber of
new
out-of-
hospital
pa-ti
tients.
Num-
ber of
out-of-
hospital
cases
previ-
ously
treated
for the
same
disease.
1
Num-
ber of
consul-
tations
and
treat-
ments
of out-
pa-
tients.
4....... 6
27 3 112
...... 1 26....... ...
2
9
1
249
2
8
8
8
10
10
4
22
4
.. 4i"
43
1
1
....... i
1
1
2"""""i'
.......2
........
2
42
8
488
20
26
42
16
18
1
22
26
19
18
61
...... i6
16
149
1
3
4 ........ 8
2 ........ 4
2 ........ 2
.. ..... ...... .......
.. .... ....... .
1 ........ 2
1 ........ 3
.. .... ........ ........
........ ........ ....... .
3 ........ 21
........ ........ ....... .
7 3 49
19 8 84
7 ........ 16
... .. .. . . . .
Inter-
nation-
al No.
VI. Nonvenerealdiseases ofthe genito-urinary
system and anneza.
Nephritis, acute..........................
Nephritis, chronic interstitial .............
Nephralgia................................
Cystitis, acute..............................
Cystitis, chronic............................
Incontinence of urine......................
Retention of urine.........................
Fistula ofurethra...........................
Stricture of urethra.........................
Enlargement of prostate....................
Abscess of scrotum.........................
Epididymitis, acute ........................
Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis.............
Orchitis, chronic............................
Phimosis .................................
Redundant prepuce........................
Fibroma of uterus..........................
Endometritis, chronic......................
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 91
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
CHRISTIANSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
ber of
ber of Nu of ber of
Num- .out-ofc
Num- hospital Num- ber of hospital onm
Inter- her of cs her of new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new Pre hospital out-of- previ- t
al N o. hc l tre -
al No. hospital sick hospital ously "ments
cases. for the days. pa- treated o
patients for the out-
disdisease. ease. ts.
VI. onveneral diseases of the genito-urinary
system and anneza-Continued.
130B Atroph7 of uterus.......................1 ............ 1 .......... ......
130B Cellulitis, pelvic............................. ........ 1... 1 ........ 1
130B Tisplacement of uterus...................... 4 1 76 6 ........ 49
132 Atrophy of ovary......................... 1 ........ 18 ........ ..............
133 Abscess of mammary gland.................. 1 ........ 110 1 1 15
VII. The puerperal state:
134A Parturition, O. D. P ........................ 123 ........ 1,241 ...
134A Pregnancy, normal.......................... ............. .. 13 ........i 36
134B Abortion.................................... 5 ........ 35 .........I......
134B Pregnancy, vomiting of...................... ........ ........ ........ 1 ....... 3
138 Toxemia of pregnancy ....................... 4 ........ 58 ........ ...i.......
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular
tissue.
142 Gangrene of leg......... ...................... 2 ........ ...... ............
144 Cellulltis of abdominal wall................... 1 ........ 123 ........................
144 Cellulitisofface.............................. 1 ....... 3 ...............
144 Cellulitis of finer............................ ........ ........ ... ........ 13
144 Cellulitisof foot............................... ............ ....3 ........ 8
145C Acne............................................... ............. 7
145C Eczema .................................. 1 ........ 15 .. ...........
145C Elephantiasis, nonfilarial, of penis......... 1 ........ 64 ......... ........
145C Elephantiasis, nonflarial, of scrotum........ 1 ....... 60.......
145C Elephantiasis nonilarial, of vulva........... ........ 13 1 ....... 91
145C Dermatitis, e~fohativa......................................... 2 2
145C Dermatitis herpetiformis............... ........................... 1
145C Dermatitis traumatica....................... 1 ........ ..
145C Granulomainguinale....................... 1 1 95............ ......
145C Herpes of tips............ ................................ ........ 49
1450 Impetigo contagiosa................... ........ 84 5 1 46
145C Impetigo herpetiformis.......... ........ ........ ... ...1..
145C Impetigo simplex....................1 ......... 27 1 ........ 1
145C Ulcer of oot............................1......... 306
145C Ulcerofleg.................... 7 ........ 175 .................
145C Ulcerofjaw ..................1 ......1..... ............ 0 .. ......
145C Uleer oftoe............................. ....... ...1 .... ................
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of
locomotion.
146 Osteomvelitis, acute, of humerus........... .. 12 ........ ....... ......
147 Arthritis, acute. ofkneejoint................
147 Arthritis, acute; of shoulder joint ........... 1 ........ 5................
147 Arthritis, chronic, of ankle joint..................... 2 477... ................
147 Arthritis, chronic, of elbow joint ............. 106 ........ ........ .......
147 Arthritis, chronic, of knee joint..................... 3 709 .. ....
149 Abscess ofectensor proprius hallucis muscle .. 27 ...................
149 Abscess of hand............... ...... ................ .... 3 ...... 2
149 Abscess of opponents pollicis muscle............ ................ ........ 11
149 Abscess of subscapularis muscle............. 1 ........ 20 3 ........ 9
149 Abscess of vastus externus muscle........... 1 ........ 10 3 ........ 4
149 Abscess of vastusinternus....................... ................ 3 ........ 11
XI. Diseases of early infancy.
151 Improper feeding........................... ................ 90........ 5,969
151 Infancy ......................................... ...... ..... .... 323........2,461
151A Birth,lullterm ................... ....... .... 121 ........1,342........... ........
151B Malnutrition (1 year minus)................ 18 ........ 144........
151B Prematurity...................... .... 8 ....... 61 ........... .....
92 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
CHRISTIANSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
ber of Num of beof
Num hospal Num- ber of hospital
Inter- ber of cases er of new cases stations
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new r hptal ou-of pr -
al No. hospital e sick hospital ously m tr
ases for the days. pti tr d of out-
Ssame ti s. fr the
disease. disease.
XII. Old age.
154 Senility..................................... 6 1 63 34 3 159
XIII. Affections produced by external causes.
167 Burns, multiple............................. 1 ........ 10 1 ........ 11
170C Wound, gunshot, of arm..................... 1 ........ 9 ................
171 Wound, lacerated, of abdominalwall........ 1 ........ 2 ........... .
171 Wound, lacerated, of arm ................... ........ ........ .... .... 1 ........ 1
171 Wound, lacerated, of back................... 1 ........ 41 ...... ........ .......
171 Wound, lacerated, of ear..................... ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 14
171 Wound,lacerated, of eye .................... ................ ........ 2 ........ 6
171 Wound,lacerated, of face.................... I ........ 6 16 1 102
171 Wound,lacerated, of finger.................. ........ ........ ........ 1 ........ 9
171 Wound,lacerated, of foot.................... 3 ........ 55 38 1 356
171 Wound, lacerated, of hand......................................... 2 ........ 7
171 Wound lacerated, of penis.................. 1 ....... 8........................
171 Wound lacerated, of scalp................... ........................ 18 ........ 107
171 Wound lacerated, of scrotum................ ........ 15 .............
171 Wound lacerated, of thigh................... 1 ........ 10 ........................
172 Abrasion of foot ............................. ............... ........ 1 ........ 2
172 Contusion of eye ......................... ............. ........ 1 ........ 14
172 Contusion of scalp .......................... ................. ........ 2 ........ 4
172 Fracture, simple, of ankle.................... 1 ........ 1 ........... ........
172 Fracture, simple, of radius................... ........ 32 1........ 14
172 Fracture, simple, of femur................... 1 ........ 59 ........................
172 Fracture, simple, of humerus................ 1 ........ 13................
172 Sprainofhip joint .......................... ....................... 1 ........ 2
172 Spram of wrist joint ........................ ....... ........ ........ 1 ........ 4
175D Contusion of abdominalwall................. 1 ........ 6 ........ 1 2
175D Contusion of buttock......................... 1 ........ 3 ........ ........ ........
175D Contusion of leg ............................. 1 ........ 1 ...................
185B Sprain of anklejoint ........................ 1 ........ 16 1 1 3
186 Abrasion of cheek ........................... ........ ................ 2 ........ 27
186 Abrasion of foot ..................................................... 1 ........ 18
186 Abrasion of thigh ................................... ................ 1 ........ 1
186 Contusion of abdomen ...................... 1 ........ 7 ........ 1 1
186 Contusion of arm ............................ ........ ...... ...... 1 ........ 1
186 Contusion of thigh .......................... ........ ....... ........ 1 ........ 2
186 Foreign body vagina...................... ...... ....... ........ 1 ........ 1
XIV. Ill-defined diseases.
189A Fever, cause undetermined.................. 4 ........ 31 5 1 9
189A Headache .................................. 2 ........ 14 8 1 14
189A Malnutrition ( yearplus).................. 13 ........ 130 7 ........ 18
189A No disease................................... 21 ........ 140 48 ........ 79
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT.
I. General diseases.
1 Typhoid fever............................... 1 ........ 8 ............... ........
10 Influenza .................................... 4 ........
14C Dysentery, entamebic....................... 1 ........ 31 .......................
14D Dysentery, unclassified...................... 1 ........ 38 2 ........ 5
17 Leprosy..................................... ........ ........ ........ 3 ........ 3
19 Filiariasis................................... 6 11 408 12 ........ 70
19 Mumps...................................... 2 1 35 1 ........ 1
19 Yaws.................................... 10 ........ 214 6 1 29
26 Pellagra .............................. .. 2 12 598 6 1 12 .
28 Tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary............ 5 16 1,866 8 1 48
29 Tuberculosis, acute pulmonar miry...... 1 1........ 28 ............... ......
33 Tuberculosis of kneejoint................... 1........ 2...................
33 Tuberculosis of seventh dorsal vertebra...... 1 ........ 52 ..............
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 93
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical
Service, St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num-
ber br of
Pher of Num- out-of- consul-
Nu- hospital Num- berof ospita ti
Inter- ber of cases ber of new cases ad
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new hospital out-of- p mrvi-
al No. hospital sick hospital l ments
cases for the das. forth of out-
same me tient.
I. General diseases-Continued.
Tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes........
Syphilis of brain..........................
Syphilis of cervical lymph nodes............
Syphilis, congenital.........................
Syphilis of cornea...........................
Syphilis of gluteal muscles.............
Syphilis of heart.............................
Syphilis of liver ...........................
Syphilis of mammary gland ................
Syphilis of orbital bones...................
Syphilis of palate...........................
Syphilis of penis .........................
Syphilis, primary .....................
.Syphilis, secondary..........................
Syphilis of the seventh nerve...............
Syphilis of skin............................
Syphilis of uterus-...........................
Chnncroid of penis.........................
Gonococcus infection of endometrium .......
Gonococcus infection of eye (1 month minus).
Gonococcus infection of eye (1 month plus)..
Gonococcus infection of urethra..............
Gonococcus infection of vagina..........
Carcinoma of uterus.......................
Carcinoma of mammary gland...............
Epithelioma of face........................
Carcinoma of lower extremity...............
Cystoma of mesentery ......................
Lipoma of forearm........................
Arthritis deformans......................
Diabetes mellitus...........................
Anemia, simple............................
Alcoholic psychosis, delirium tremens.......
1
.. 3 ........
....1 ........
1 ........
1 ........
1 ........
........"
........i
........
3 1
2 1
1-
2 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 1
SO ........
72 1
52 ........
45 1
50 6
66k........
4 ........
.... 15
11 ...
49 2
30 4
31 2
1341 1
74 ........
18 .......
151 ........
21 --------
8 ........
11 ...
27 1
13 1I
Alcoholic psychosis, pathologic alcoholic in-
toxication........................4 ..... .. 13 1
II. Diseases of the nervous system and of the
organs of special sense.
Apoplexy............................5 5 ....... 76 1
Hemiplegia, old............................. 1 2 97 1
Paralysis of seventh nerve......... .... 1 ...... 1 1
Paranoia ............................. 1 ....... 68 ........
Psychoneurosis................ ........... 1 ....... 14 ........
Psychosis, variety not ascertained ........... 3 ....... ........
Epilepsy............................... I 1 ........ 7 .....
Epilepsy with psychosis................... ....I.... .........
Neuralgia of fifth nerve-......................-..... ........
Neuralgia of musculo-spiral nerve......... .................. 2
Neuritis of optic nervn-e.............................. ........ 1
Neurasthenia........ ................... 1 ....... 18 1
Abscess of eyelid............... .. ..- ....... ... ............
Foreign body, traumatic, in eye.. .........- ............. .... ........
Conjunctivitis, acute...................... 2 6 70 32
Conjunctitis, chronic .... ....... ............. ..-......... 1
Trachoma ................................... 3 3 128 90
Astigmatism.......................................... 13
Cataract....................... ............ 3 10 359 34
Chalaion........................- ............... 1 2 1
Entropion................................. 1 2 98 4
Hordeolum........................... .... 3..... ....
Hypernetropi 2
Hypermetropia....... .............-- ..----... .... .... ........ 2
Insufficiency of elevator palpehra superioris I I
muscle.................................. ---. .. ..... ....
Iritis .................................- --.... --
Keratitis....................... .......... 1 3 75 5
Leucoma........................... ............................. 4
Myopia...............................---- ---- -- -------- ..... ........
.....
.......
.....i.
46
26
31
12
1
18
10
196
14
.. ..:: :... 8"" 9
5 814
4
2
1
6
1
10i
....i...
.... .i"
278
818
4
53
49
4
3
1
1
1
3
9
2
1
2
12
541
17
2,924
24
174
1
8
65
2
1
156
67
104
15
94 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical
Service, St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
er of Num-erof h
Nur- out-of-
Num- hospital Num- erof hospital tt
Inter- ber of ber of new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition. new v hospital out-of- pre- at
al No. hospital treated sick hospital ous ents
cases. for the days. tia ts. rthe ofout-
same ts. te pa-
disease. sae. tients.
J-
II. Diseases of the nervous system and of the
organs of special sense-Continued.
Presbyopia..................................
Pterygium.............. ...............
Staphyloma of cornea.......................
Trichiasis..................................
Ulcer of cornea.........................
Cerumen, accumulation of...................
Eustachian salpineilis, acute...............
Fibroma of lobe of ear.....................
Foreign body in auditory canal..............
Otitis exterma.............................
Otitis media, acute........................
Otitis media, chronic.......................
m. Diseases of the circulatory system.
Endocarditis, acute........................
Valvular disease, chronic cardiac............
Myocarditis, chronic.....................
Aneurysm of abdominal aorta... ..........
Aneurysm of arch of aorta.................
Arterial sclerosis, general...................
Hemorrhoids ......... .......................
Phlebitis of internal saphenous vein.........
Varix ofleg...... ...................
Abscess of cervical lymph nodes.............
Abscess of inguinal lymph nodes............
Lymphadenitis, acute, of cervical lymph
nodes......................
Lymphadenitis, acute, of inguinal lymph
no es .....................................
Lymphadenitis, chronic, of cervical lymph
nodes-.................................
Lymphadenitis, chronic, of inguinal lymph
nodes...............................
Epistaxis................ ...................
IV. Diseases of the respiratory system.
1.
". . ."i " .
" i' 2"
3
8
1
1
2
1
1
5
2
2
1
9
7
3
4
5
1
86 Adenoids................................ ....... ....
86 Rhinitis, acute.............................. 1 ........
87 Laryngitis, acute........................... ........
88 Goiter...............................................
89 Bronchitis, acute........................... 25 19
90 Bronchitis, chronic.......................... 2 ........
91 Pneumonia, broncho ........................ 2 ........
92 Pneumonia, lobar........................... 8 1
93 Pleurisy, acute fibrinous......... ........ 2 ........
93 Pleurisy, serofibrinous.......... ........ 1 ........
93 Pleuritic adhesions............... ....... ...........
96 Bronchial asthma.......................... 1 1
V. Diseases of the digestive system.
99A Abscess, alveolar ........................... ..............
99A Caries of tooth......................................... ...
99A Pyorrhea aveolaris ................................ ......
99B Stomatitis ................................. ........ ........
100 Abscess of pharynx.................................. ........
100 Hypertrophy oftonsil....................... 1 ........
100 Pharyngitis, acute............. .......... 1 .......
100 Tonsillitis, chronic............. ......... 3 3
103 Gastrilis, acute catarrhal.................... 4 ..
104 Colitis, acute (2 years minus)................ 1 ........
104 Enteritis, acute (2 years minus)............ 5 ........
104 Gastroenteritis (2 years minus).............. 3 ........
105B Colitis, acute (2 years plus)................ 1 ........
105B Enteritis, acute (2 years plus).... ...... 6 1........
........ 1
7 14
3
49 1I........
........! 2
........ 21
2
1 3
28 8
8 ......
183 15
639 6
1
1
133
25
90
141
2
1
7
19
3
403
.................LI
.1 .............
104 ......
140 4 1
31 3........
26 4 ........
........ 1 ........
8 2 ........
15 1 1
53 6 ........
........ 1 ........
154 233 ........
24 1 ........
........ 36 ........
14 4 1
_. ... I I8~1 ........
52 1 ........
749 18 ........
45 ........ 1
52 1 ........
138 1 ........
34 ........ ........
36 ..... ..
........ 1 ........
20 1 ........
2........ 125 ........
........ 67 1
........ 1 ........
........ 2 ........
8 ........ ........
342 125 ..............
9 3 I. ........
56 2 ........
25
3
1
9
30
46
238
81
1
238
1
36
10
3
35
29
1
1
1
10
76
2
5
6
125
7
11
2
.....................................
..3
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 95
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num Nm-
ber of Num- out-of ber of
Num- hoil Num- ber of hospital ato
Inter- ber of ca se her of new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition, new i- hospital out-of- previ- eat-
al No. hospital t sick hospital ously r
CS5U* for the days. pa- treated
cases tients. for the of out-
same same tits.
disease.
V. Diseases of the digestive system-Contd.
105B Enteritis, chronic (2 years plus)............. 1 ........ 28 .......................
107 Ascriss................................... 2 ........ 11 3 ........ 5
107 Strongyloides stercoralis..................... 2 ........ 27........................
107 Trichurisi ................................. 4 ........ 1 ........ ........ ........
108 Appendicitis, acute.......................... 3 3 85 3 ........ 3
108 Appendicitis, chronic........................ 2 4 157 4 ........ 5
109 Hernia, inguinal............................. 8 12 473 30 ........ 43
109 Hernia, inguinal, strangulated ............... 3 1 124 1 ........ 1
109 Hernia. umbilical ........................... 2 ........ 29 121 ........ 121
109 Obstruction, acute intestinal................ 1 ........ 2 ........ ..............
110B Constipation................................ 2 6 68 23 ........ 30
110B Foreign body inrectum.......................... 1 5 1 ........ 1
113 Cirrhosis of liver, atrophic................... 1 1 30 2 ........ 2
115 Cholecystitis, acute.... ......... 4 ........ 72........................
115 Cholecystitis, chronic........................ 2 ........ 54 ................ ........
115 Fistula biliary............................. 1 ........ 36 ........ ................
VI. Nonvenereal diseases of the genito-urinary
system and annea.
118 Nephritis, acute............................. ..... ........ ........ ........ 1
120 Nephritis, chronic, interstitial............... 2 ........ 40 .......................
121 Chyluria, nonfiliarial......... ... .... ........... 4 ........ 8
124 Retention of urine........................... ........ ........ ........ 1 .... 26
125 Fistula of urethra........................... 1 1 66 1 1 2
125 Stricture of urethra................................. 2 19 1 ........ 4
126 Enlargement of prostate............................. ........ 2
127 Abscess of scrotum.......................... 1 103 1 ........ 27
127 Epididymitis acute................................. ....... ........ 1 ........ 1
127 ydrocele of unica vaginalis................ 12 27 850 45 5 12
127 Orhitis, acute...................................... 17 1 ........ 1
127 Orchitis. chronic........................... .. ....... 2 ........ 2
127 Paraphimosis ......................... ........ 1........ 2 6 6
127 Phimosis ............................... ...... 21 ........ 21
127 Redundant prepuce........................ 3 3 ........ 3
129 Fibroma ofuterus........................... ........ 125 2 ........ 2
130A Endometritis, acute ................. 2 .... ........ 7 2 ........ 2
130A Endometritis, chronic....................... 2 ........ 48 .....................
130B Displacement of uterus...................... 1 1 74 1 ........ 1
131 Cstoma of ovary.......................... 3 1 95 ........ 1
132 Abscess of vulva......................... ................ ........ 1 1 2
132 Laceration of pervic floor, old................ I ........ 28 ........................
132 Salpingitis, acute........................... 9 ....... 242...................
132 Salpingitis, chronic .......................... 2 5 132 12 ........ 17
132 Vaginitis, acute................................... ............ 1 ........ 12
133 Abscess of mammary gland................. 1 3 143 3 ........ 7
133 Mastitis, acute............................... ........ ........ ..... 2 ...... 2
133 Mastitis, chronic............................. .........-- ........ .1 ....... 5
VII. The puerperal state.
134A Parturition, O. D. A....................... ...... ........
134A Parturition, O.L. A........................ 62 ........ 77......................
134A Parturition, O.D. P...................... 85 ........ 863........................
134A Parturition, S. L. A ...................... 1 ........ 10........................
134A Pregnancy, normal.......................... 5 12 164 19 ........ 24
138 Albuminuria, pregnancy .................... 1 ........................
138 Toxemia of pregnancy ....................... 3. ........ 67 ........
141 Milk retention.............................. ....... ........ 1 ........ 5
96 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, caleAdar year 1919-Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
VIII. Diseases of the skin and of the cellular
tissue.
Gangrene of toe..............................
Furunculosis ................................
Cellulitis of arm ............................
Cellulitis of breast...........................
Cellulitis of finger............................
Cellulitis of foot ............................
Cellulitis of orearm..........................
Cellulitis of hand.............................
Cellulitis of leg.............................
Scabies.....................................
Acne.......................................
Elephantiasis, nonfilarial, of arm...........
Elephantiasis, nonfilarial, of foot............
Elephantiasis, nonfllarial, of leg............
Elephantiasis, nonfilarial, of penis...........
Elephantiasis, nonfliarial, of scrotum........
Granuloma inguinale......................
Impetigo contagiosa.........................
Tnqrowini nail .........................
Pediculosis.................................
Pemphigus...............................
Ulcer of ankle.............................
Ulcer of buttock............................
Ulcer of foot................................
Ulcer of hand...............................
Ulcer of heel................................
Ulcer of leg................................
Ulcer of lip ...............................
Ulcer of scalp...............................
Ulcer of shoulder...........................
Ulcer of toe..................................
Ulcer of umbilicus...........................
IX. Diseases of the bones and of the organs of
locomotion.
Abscess of superior maxilla................
Osteomyelitis, acute, of inferior maxilla......
Osteomyelitis. acute, of tibia..............
Arthritis, acute, of elbow joint..............
Arthritis, acute, of knee joint..............
Arthritis, acute, of wrist joint .............
Arthritis, chronic, of hip joint..............
Arthritis, chronic, of knee joint..............
Arthritis, chronic, of shoulder joint ..........
Contracture of metacarpophalangeal joint....
Abscess of biceps muscle....................
Abscess of external and internal oblique
muscles..................................
Abscess of gastrocnemius muscle............
Abscess of gluteal muscle...................
Abscess of inferior maxilla..................
Abscess of interossei muscles of palm.......
Abscess of palm............................
Abscess of pectoralis major muscle...........
Abscess of quadriceps extensor muscle.......
Abscess of muscles of scalp................
Abscess of muscles of shoulder..............
Abscess of sternocleido mastoid muscle.......
Abscess of subscapularis muscle............
Abscess of muscles of thigh.................
Abscess of tibialis anticus muscle...........
Myositis, chronic...........................
Pesplanus..................... ..........
Rheumatism, muscular.....................
1
1
" 2"
1
1
1
...... i"
2
2
........ 2 ........
........ 0 .............
1 8 2
1
........ ........ 22
iiiiii;::::ii 22
........ .........
........ ........ 1
........ ........ 3
........ ........ 1
1 49 1
........ ........ 1
1
........ ........ 1
........ ........ 2
12 296 23
7 1
........ 7 ........
1 27 ........
3
........ ....... 1 3
2 169 13
........ ....... 1
........ 41 11
........ ....... 1
1
6
........ 5 ........
........ ....... 36
........ 26 ......
1 344 1
........ ........ 1
........ 30 .......
........ ........ 1
10'.
4 270" 1
.....::::::..::. ........2
........ ........ 1
1 150 1
........ 20 2
1 49 10
1
S 19 3
........ 16 3
........ 45 ......
........ 10 ........
150 3
2
1
........ 9 2
2
1
2
...... i"
32
75
223
17
10
35
1
1
1
3
2
588
1
3
7
38
6
634
107
212
3
252
1
9
23
78
21
4
2
5
2
2
ii
20
19
16
56
17
43
16
10
18
5
16
11
4
2
2
BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS. 97
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, andconditions treatedby the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919--Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Num- Num-
bero ber of be of
e of Num- out-of- eonsul-
Num- hosp Num- beof stations
Inter- berof S e berof new cases and
nation- Disease, injury,.or condition, new hospital out-of- prev- treat
al No. hospital sick hospital ous ments
cases for the days. pa- treated ofout-
same tiets. for the -
d sameti .
disease, disease. ets
X. Malformations.
150 Congenital malformation of heart............ 1 ........ 1 ...................
150 Congenital malformation of eyelid........... ....................... 1 ........ 4
XI. Diseases of early infancy.
151 Diet regulation.... ................... 2 ........ 120 ......................
151 Improper feeding............................ 6 3 162 67 ........ 2,300
151 Infancy ........................................... 241 ........ 1,892
151A Birth, fullterm................................ 86 .. 812 .....................
151B Malnutrition (1 year minus)................. 5 ........ 174 ......................
151B Prematurity................................. 4 ........ 16 ......................
152B Hemorrhage from umbilical cord ............ 1 ........ 5 .......................
XII. Old age.
154 Senility..................................... 3 ........ 111 ........ ..............
154A Senile psychosis............................. 4 ........ 185 ......................
XIII. Affections produced by external causes.
164 Fish poisoning.............................. ........ .............. 6 e 1 10
165 Poisoning by cocaine........................ 1 1 3 ........ .
167 Burns, multiple............................. 1 ........ 1 7 ........ 120
168B Strain of latissimus dorsi muscle............. 1 ........ 12 ........-.... ..--
171 Wound, incised, of abdominal wall.......... ........ ........ ........ 2 ........ 16
171 Wound, incised, of back ..................... ....... ........ ........ 2 ........ 4
171 Wound, incised, of face....................... 2 ........ 24 2 ........ 6
171 Wound, incised, of foot....................... ........ ........ ........ 2 ........ 7
171 Wound, incised, of hand..................... ........ ........ ........ 4 ........ 41
171 Wound, incised, of scalp................ .............. ............2 9
171 Wound, lacerated, of arm................. ................... 2 ...... 14
171 Wound, lacerated, of back................... 1 ........ 1..... ...
171 Wound, lacerated, of ear............................ ............. 2 ........ 6
171 Wound, lacerated, of eye .............. 1 1 33 1 ........
171 Wound, lacerated, of face ..................... ........ ........ ........ 20 207
171 Wound, lacerated, of finger................... ........ ........ ........ 20 1 126
171 Wound, lacergted, of foot.......................... .............. 20 ........ 109
171 Wound, lacerated, of forearm......................................... 3 ........ 10
171 Wound, lacerated, of hand.................. ........ ....... ........ 17 ........ 119
171 Wound, lacerated, ofleg .......... .......-..... .... .. ........ 51
171 Wound, lacerated, of mouth............... 2 ... 4
171 Wond, lacerated, of nose................... ........
171 Wound, lacerated, of sclp.................. 1 ........ 71
171 Wound, lacerated, of toe ...... 97
172 Abrasion of abdominal ll.............. ....... .... -..-.....- ........ 11
172 Abrasion of adorm. inal al................. ........ ........ ........ 3 1 ....
172 Abrasion of facerm............................. ........"........ ........ 3 ........ 3i
172 Abrasion of face............................. ........-------....... ........ 3 ........ 73
172 Abrasion of foote ........................................... ........ ........ 41
172 Abrasion offorehead................................. ........ ........ ........ 4
172 Abrasion of hand............................ ........- ........ ........ 3 ........3 24
172 Abrasion of leg.. ......................... ........ ........ 3 ........ 22
172 Abrasion of neck.......................... ... ........ ........ ........ 10
172 Abrasion of penis... ........ ............ .. .... .. .. 20
172 Contusion of abdominal wall................ ........ ........ ... 1 ........ 1
172 Contusion of face........................... ...... ........ ........ 2 ........ 3
172 Contusion of chest wall...................... 1 ........ 6 ...... ..... .......
172 Contusion of evelid............................... ..... ........ ....... 4
172 Contusion of fot ............................ ........ ........ ........ 4 ........ 8
172 Contusion of globe of eve.................... 2 ........ 9 -----------------------
172 Contusion of hand......................... ................ ........ 1 4
172 Contusion of testicle......................... ........ 1
172 Contusions, multiple........................ 2 ........ 9 ....
172 Fracture, simple, of clavicle................. ........ ....... 2 .....
172 Fracture, simple, of radius .................. ... ------ .... . 2 ... 56
172 Fracture, simple, of radius and ulna.......... 2 36 1 1 8
172 Fracture, simple, of humerus................ ..... ...... 3 ........ 265
186373-20---7
98 BIRTH AND MORTALITY STATISTICS OF VIRGIN ISLANDS.
TABLE 8-(Continued).-Diseases, injuries, and conditions treated by the Medical Service,
St. Croix, calendar year 1919-Continued.
FREDERIKSTED DISTRICT-Continued.
Num- Nun- Num-
Num- hosp l N Num- out-of- consul
Inter- bero o osp tations
Inte er of fse new cases and
nation- Disease, injury, or condition new hospital out-of- prev- ta
al No. hospital sick hospital ously ents
for t days. treat of
Sam tints. for t of out-
disease me tipa-
diseasesease. tents.
XIII. Affections rocured by external causes-
Continued.
172 Sprain of dorsal vertebra .................... ....... ........ ....... 1........ 1
172 Strain of erector spine muscles.............. ....... ....... ....... ........ 1
172 Strain of external oblique muscle............ ........ ...... ..... 1
172 Strain of latissimus dorsi mscle............. ........ ................... 1
172 Strain of scapular muscles ................... ........ .......... ..... ........ 1
175F Fracture compound, of radius and ulna..... 1 ... 52 ..... .
176 Wound, lacerated, of arm.................. ....... ........... ..... 10
176 Wound, lacerated, of finger.......... ................ ........ ....... 2
176 Wound, lacrated, of hand ... ...........I... .............
176 Wound, lacerated, of le............. ....... 2
176 Wound, punctured, of foot ... ......-... ... .... ........ 30
177 Starvation................................... 2 3 46 ..................
179B Sunstroke..................... ........ 1 ....... ...
180 Fracture, simple, of radius................................1 31 ........ ... .......
185 Dislocation of elbow joint .................... ........ ........1 1
185 Dislocation of sho-ilder joint................. ....... ........ ........ 1 5
185 Fracture, compound, of fibula............... 1 ........ 37 ........ ...:::: 1:
185 Fracture, simple, of humrus ................ ........ 2 ........ ........
185 Fracture, simple, of tibia................... ........ 37 ........
185A Dislocation about wrist...................... 1 1........ 1 ..
185B Sprain of dorsal vertebre-................... I ........ 58 ........ ...
186 Abrasions, multiple ......................... 1 ........ 4.......................
186 Contusion of buttock ...................... ........ 17 ........... ........
186 Contusion of face........................... 1 ........ 4 .......................
186 Foreign body in nasal passage............... ........ ................ 1 ........ 1
186 Foreign body in throat ...................... ........ ........ ...... 3 4
186 Hematoma, traumatic, of hand............. ....... ................ ........ 5
186 Hematoma, traumatic, of neck............ ................ ........ ........
186 Wound, lacerated, of foot.................... 1 ........ 1 ....
186 Wound, lacerated, of cornea................. 1 ........ 48 ........ ......
186 Wound, lacerated, of knee............ ... 2 ........ 4 ........ ................
186 Wound, lacerated, of scrotum and urethra... 1 ........ I ....... ........ .
XIV.-III dfineddiseases.
189A Headache................................ 2 1 5 7 ........ 12
189A Malnutrition (1 year plus)...................... 24 ........ .... ..
189A Nodisease.............................. 15 33 322 196 7 303
189B Operation wound........................ .... ............ ........ -71 12 1,104
RECAPITULATION.
Christiansted district....................... 946 84 26,668 1,500 75 15,273
Frederiksted district........................ 635 315 17,890 2,302 72 19,072
Total................................... 1,581 399 44,558 3,802 147 34,345
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