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Material Information
- Title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin of the Agricultural Department
- Uniform Title:
- Avocado and mango propagation and culture
Tomato growing in Florida Dasheen its uses and culture Report of the Chemical Division
- Alternate title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin, Department of Agriculture
- Alternate title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin of the Department of Agriculture
- Creator:
- Florida -- Dept. of Agriculture
- Place of Publication:
- Tallahassee Fla
- Publisher:
- s.n.
- Publication Date:
- -1921
- Frequency:
- Quarterly
Monthly[ FORMER 1901- Sept. 1905] regular
- Language:
- English
- Physical Description:
- v. : ill. (some fold) ; 23 cm.
Subjects
- Subjects / Keywords:
- Agriculture -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
Agricultural industries -- Statistics -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
- Genre:
- serial ( sobekcm )
periodical ( marcgt )
Notes
- Dates or Sequential Designation:
- -v. 31, no. 3 (July 1, 1921).
- General Note:
- Description based on: Vol. 19, no. 2 (Apr. 1, 1909); title from cover.
- General Note:
- Many issue number 1's are the Report of the Chemical Division.
- General Note:
- Vol. 31, no. 3 has supplements with distinctive titles : Avocado and mango propagation and culture, Tomato growing in Florida, and: The Dasheen; its uses and culture.
Record Information
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- University of Florida
- Holding Location:
- University of Florida
- Rights Management:
- This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide.
- Resource Identifier:
- 28473206 ( OCLC )
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FLORIDA
QUARTERLY
BULLETIN
OF TIlE
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
OCTOBER 1. 1910
B. E. McLIN
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE TALLAHASSEE, FLA.
Part I--Sugar Production in Florida. Part 2--Insecticides, Fungicides and Spraying Calendar. Part 3--Crops.
Part 4--Fertilizers, Feed Stuffs and Foods and Drugs.
Entered January 31, 1903, at Tallahassee Florida, as second-class matter
under Act of Congress of June, 1900.
THIS BULLETINS ARE ISSUED fREE TO THOSE REQUESTING THEM
T. J. APPLEY ARD. State Printer
Tallahassue. Fla.
J
VOLUME 2O
NUMBER 4
COUNTY MAP OF STATE OF FLORIDA
PAHT 1.
SUGAR PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA.
SUGAR PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA
CANE CULTURE, AND SYRUP MAKING.
BY R. E. ROSE, STATE CHEMIST, TALLAHASSEE, FLA.
The culture of sugar cane, and the manufacture of raw sugar or sirup in Florida, dates front the earliest settlemeni. The plant was initrod(ced( by tihe Jesuit Fathers and largely cultivated on the East ('Coast, near St. Augustine and New Smyrna, by the early Spanish settlers, the canes having been introduced from the West Indies, where it was cultivated on a commercial scale as early as 1518. The remains of sugar factories, and evidences of sugar culture on an immense scale, are still found at New Smyrna in the Turnbull hammock. A drainage system is still in use, established by sugar and indigo planters more than two hundred years ago. There is no reason to doubt that Florida was the first of the United States to cultivate and manufacture sugar on a large scale.
ANCIENT MACHINERY AND METHODS EMPLOYEE I).
I regret to say that the same primitive methods used in those ancient days still prevail, and that a modern, economical sugar factory does not exist in the State today. To this fact, and the lack of modern apparatus, I attribute the present condition of the industry. No effort has been made to improve the wasteful two-roller horse mill, with wooden frame, and the old Jamaica kettle set in a clay furnace, the mill extracting not exceeding 50 per cent. of the juice, and frequently less, while the kettle, juice trough and skim barrel account for a loss of 20 per cent. or more of the small quantity secured by the mill. I am convinced, by observation of a number of sirup plants in the Slate, that, on an average, not to exceed 40 per cent. of the sugar content of the cane is secured, and that 60 per cent. is wasted after
producing the cane and hauling it to the mill. The methods general I ' v put-stied in Florida are as primitive as those gtill followed in LUexico and South America. A few modern sirup plants have been erected, notably in Gadsden and Jackson Counties.
MODERN APPA11ATUS REQUIRED.
A modern factory, with improved milli, evaporators, filterm, bagasse burners and other modern labor-saving devices, properly constructed clarifiers, filters, etc., will readvily secure double the quantity of sirup or sugar, of a much better quality, from the same amount of cane, than can possibly be accomplished by the crude and wasteful apparatus universally employed in Florida today; at far less cost.
ONLY CRUDE METHODS EMPLOYED.
In no other agi-icultural and manufacturing enterprise has the farmer and manufacturer failed to take advantage of the improvement in methods and machines. I can only attribute this to the generally accepted belief that cane growing and sirup making, even under the present crude and wasteful method, is considered a most profitable business. I have talked with hundreds of farmers in all parts of the State, from Pensacola to Key West, from Jacksonville to Tampa, and have yet to meet one who did not positively assert that he derived more cash, with less labor per acre, from him cane patch than from arty other crop.
MAXIMUM TONNAGE PRODUCED.
The fact that we produce crops of cane of from fifteen to thirty-five tons per acre, with an eaiy average of twenty tons, cannot be gainsaid.
QUALITY OF CANE SUPERIOR.
That this cane is equal to any in sugar content, and far superior to that grown in other States, cannot be denied. Too many tests and analyses have been made from canes taken from all parts of the State, and froru all kinds of land, by eminent chemists and sugar makers, who have
unqualifiedly slated that our canes are equal to any, and superior to most, grown in America, or even in Cuba, to perinit a doubt to exist as to the peculiar advantages of Florida's soil and climate for producing a plant of maxinmum tonnage and sugar content.
IMPROVED APPARATUS IN LOUISIANA.
Louisiana for years struggled with the horse mill and open keltie, making brown s;ga r an(d mo!ases. This had to be sent to the refinery and treated by the old "clay process." Gradually the methods of the refiners improved, ckinilatlion was pciAuled, li ers were improved, the juice was made cheimically :iiti mechanically clean, the vacuum pan was evolved, which led to the "double effect" (or vacunumn evaporaltor), lie mill was increased from iwo to three, then five, then six, and now nine rollers are used. The extraction formerly thought very good at 60 per cent. has been increased to 83 per cent., leaving practically only the dry fibre of the cane. The fuel bill, formerly three cords of wo-())d, or equival:it in coal, per acre, has been eliminated, the pulp or bagasse of the cane, in a well-balanced modern factory, furnishing all the necessary fuel for all purposes. The evolution in the sugar factory of Louisiana has been in keeping with the progress along all other lines. Twenty years ago the modern "central factory" was the exception; to-day it is tile rule; there are hundreds of such factories in Louisiana, handling from 500 to 1200 tons of cane per day, making large profits, while selling granulated sugars at 41 to 5 cents per pound. These factories extract and produce fully 100 per cent. more sugar from a given amount of cane than can possibly he secured by using ihe antiquated mill and open kettle. At the same time, the quality is such that the value of the sugar per pound is increased from :. to 4 , or .5 centls, or from 50 to 65 per cn . increase.
RAW SUGAR, OR STRUP. COMPARED TO REFINED
OR PURE SUGAR.
A ton of cane, producing 90 ponds of naw sugr, worth $2.70, will, with improved apparatus of large capacity, produce 180 pounds of granulated goods, worth not less than 4 cents per pound, or $7.20, while the cost
of producing this 180 pounds of granulated goods will be less than to produce the 90 pounds of brown sugar.
BEET SUGAR FACTORIES EMPLOY ONLY IMPROVED MACHINERY.
The only reason why it is possible to make beet sugar profitably is the fact that none but the most modern apparatus is used, making it possible to secure all the sugar, at the least possible cost, from the beet, a plant well known to be inferior to tropical cane in average sugar content and also containining larger percentages of impurities. No beet sugar factory would attempt to make raw sugar and sell it to the refiners at the price fixed by the refiners. The result would be disastrous to the grower and manufacturer of raw sugar. On the contrary, the beet sugar factory makes none butl- the finest granulated goods, goes direVctly inlo the market, and demands and receives the market price fixed by the sugar refiner for firs-(class goods. The culliure of beets is one of the most prearios and diflienllt crops known, requiring extraordinary skill and immense labor; the crop is subject to many disasters; in infancy it is delicate and easily destroyed by adverse climatic conditions; it requires skillful culture, heavy fertilizin g and proper irrigation. W hen ready for harvest the work must lie promptly finished, the crop stored free of frost, and carefully handled at all times. Five acres per hand for culture is a fair task, while a yield of ten tons, with an average of 12 per cent. sugar, is a fair average yield, or 2400 pounds of sugar per acre, paying the grower a maximum of .5.00 per ton of beets, or 8250.00 per annum for culture, harvest and delivery of five acres of beets, will a total failure expected two years out of five from drought, rain or frost.
SUGAR CANE A PT( '( 1 I. RORITTT PLANT. EASILY
('ULTIVATEI) AS INDIAN CORN.
To a Florida audience I need not say that cane is a robust, rugged plant, as easily cultivated as coirn. requiring no thinning to a stand at enrmos cost of labor, no special care, and seldom propIerly fertilized; still. I have yet to learn of a total fail (of a n (I( crop froil drought, flood or insect pest.
ACREAGE PER MAN EMPLOYEE).
Twenty acres per hand, with a yield of 20 tons of cane per acre, is not unusual. (With Ilhe same amount of fertilizing and labor as demanded by beets, one man can grow 30 acres, wilh an average of not less thln 25 tons of cane per acre, that will yield in a modern factory 10 per cent. of lire g'rannlaed sugar per ton of cane, or 5,00) pounds per acre. or 125,000 pounds per hand used in cnllure). U-nderstand Ilhal while one man cann cultivate 20 c'res under ordinary conditions (and 30 if he works as Ihard and constantly as the beet grower), no one ni an can hi'arvest such a crop, nor (:in the beet grower harvest his five acres without help. This cane. delivered at dhe faclorvy, will furnish practically all tlhe fuel necessarv. The beet factIory nlust use coal. This, however, is ofset by Ilthe value of 1he beet pulp for feeding purIposes; slill, the beet falcory is, compared t t he cane sugar factory of equal cap'acily, more costly, while Ilihe process of inlllnactel is lore compillicaled and expensive. The extraction. clarifying, filiting and purifyinii of beet juice, owing, if he large amount of impiurities, is far more diiell thlian in handling cane juice. Raw beet sugar is not tit for consumption by man11111 or beast. This fact has had m11ch influence on Ilhe industry :and forced the eml)lo meul of lie best and most scientific methods in beet sugar iannfacrl ur. ('ane sugar, as we all know, is a most palatable and nutritious food, from Ithe cane itself up through the various preparations of silup, raw sugar, molasses candy, to refined sugar, or1 rock candy. In no stage can it be said sugar lane and its products are not fit for food.
COST OF CANE SUGAR, COMPARED) TO BEET
SV(GAR.
I have frequently staled, and again assert. that firstclass granulated sugar can ble made from Florida cane at a large profit when selling the sugar at less han it costs to produce beet sugar. That if these facts were intelligenly placed before the American farmer and capitalist, Ilthe enormous sums now being invested in beet cultunre and ianfacture would he diverled to the sugar belt of the Sout h, and particularly to Florida.
FACTS T)EMONSTRATED.
It requires mn experimentation, there arc no facts to dinmonsira le. they al ere here e;dy for invesigtigation; the plant, I e a1n1olnuli it will produce per acre. its sugar content, tlh cost of pIroduction, in labor and time; these factors are the on(ly ones Ihat eed to be authoritatively established by onr Agricultural )Department, or by our own people, J-o induce the influx of labor and capital.
lWhile I am not an advocate of sirup making as a general industry, knowing that it is bilt a crude and wasteful method, and at most It an expedient, still, a well-made sinp, cleanly prepared, properly clarified and neatly packed, is in demand at fair prices and will pay fair dividends on the invstment.
CENTRAL FACTORIES NEEDED.
Until our people are educated to the necessity and value of "central factories," where 1he farmer may sell his cane direct to lb e Bfaclory for more than he now gets f,)r his sirup. it will b1 well to encourage the sirnp indasiry. Provided none lnt the best is made, top prices may le expected; if thin, dirty, dreggy snus, packed in a sour keg or dirty barrel, is produced, it is only fit for the pigs-and not good for them.
WHAT GOOD STRITP IS.
In making sirup (good sirup). the object is to produce a thick. clear liquid, that will not granulate or "sugar off." It may be startling to a number of my auditors when I assert that first-class sirup contains but comparatively little sugar. A first-class sirup, be it made from cane, maple sap, corn, rice, potatoes, beets, watermelons or other vegetable substance, is but a solution of glucose, or "invert" sugar, with no appreciable quantity of sucrose. or sugar: hence, to make a good, thick, heavy, clear sirup, we proceed to change our sugar to glucose, or "invert" sugar, exactly opposite to the desire of the sugar maker. The sugar maker seeks to prevent the "inversion" of his sugar to glucose. and to get his sugar to the "grain" as quickly as possible: he desires as little glucose as possible, and separates the molasses and glucose from his crystals as rapidly as possible.
Star clh, glucose and sugar are all closely rel ied, all carbo-hydi rates-hlie basis of fats in animas, v.hichi are h) dro (arbons. The difference between sugar and glucose is but the addition of one molecule of waler. Sugar being "('2, 112, Oi," by adding one n oleculc of water ("'I'-O") we have glucose--("Cl, 1-2, 012." .By the addition of water, in the presence of heat, acids or ferments, sugar takes up a molecule of water and becomes glucose. Starch also in the presence of an acid and heat, or a ferment, becomes glucose.
Su.ar does not ferment, it must become glucose, "invert" sugar, first; neither does search ferment, it must also be changed to glucose before it ferments. Another fact to be remembered is that glucose, in the presence of heat and moisture, will allack and convert sugar into glucose; by the action of long-continued heat the whole of the sugar will be converted or "inverted." A quantity of pure sugar, dissolved in pure water, kept simmering on a stove for some time, the evaporation supplied will in time become a solution of "invert" sugar, with no sugar (sucrose) in it. If the juice of an apple, orange or a few grapes, or oiliher acid fruit, is added to the vessel the "inversion" will occur more quickly.
Cane juice is a solution of sugar, glucose and other solids and :uins. Ripe cane has but little glucose-frequently less than I per cent., generally 2 to 2 per cent. Unripe cane has a much larger percentage of glucose, sometimes as much as 50 per cent.; the immature tops of cane are always high in glucose and poor in sucrose, or sugar. Evidently the starch in the cane (or what would be starch in corn, rice or potatoes) is first formed in the ininatlure part of the cane. It is by the subtle chemistry of nature changed into sugar, a chemical feat the despair of the most eminent scientists. To change a sugar into glucose is a daily performance in the laboratory and factory; to remove the molecule of water and change glucose to sugar has been the dream of the chemists for years; so far it has not been accomplished.
SUGAR MAKING I)ISTINGVITSHED FROM STRUTP
MAKING.
Knowing now the materials we have to deal with, and their behavior in the presence of acids, heat and ferments,
we can proceed to prepare the substance we require. If we want sirup, we do not denuand ripe cane, which the sugar maker requires; a quantity of glucose in the unripe tops w ill do no harin, hence we begin grinding when the canes are ripe from one-half to tiwo-thirds the length of the stalk (say October 15), though ripe cane makes more sirup in proportion than unripe cane. Unripe cane will make good sirup, but not good sugar. Ripe cane, quickly "boiled off," will certainly granulate if' boiled to the proper density; unripe cane can hardly be made to granulate by tle most expert sugar makers.
RIPE CANE FOR SUGAR.
To make sugar, use ripe cane. cu111 offll the iinalllltre tops, leaving as little unripe cane as possible, clarify and evaporate rapidly, place in coolers of laIrge area to allow quick cooling and granulation.
UNRIP'E CANE MAY BE USEI) FOR SI RUP.
For sirup mailing, use considerable unripe tops; do not hurry the process at any point; the juice may stand in the tank for some time (one or two hours), a little fernient will not hurt it; clarify and skii at a moderate heal ; evaploraie slowly, and skimi carefully. This slow eval)oration will insure a heavy,. non-crys tal:able sirup.
1Much of the excellence of Florida sirup depends on the slow evaporation in deep kettles, with 'great heat long colntin(ed. he delay ill Ihe jiice barrel between strikes, and the ar:e lam imnt of fermnent necessarily added to the juice by lie mill with its wooden frame and Ilie sour ness of theI various strainers and utensils used. The mill is seldom washed off, anti is never "lillmed" to destroy ferment.
The evaporator is never a favorite within sirupl makers; they can't boil thick before Ihe simp) sugars. This is a fact. II, how ever, larger quantiltis were run at a time, and hlie fire kept low, equally as good sirni) could be made on the evaplorator as in tlie kettle. For practical purposes. on a fairly lar Ige scale (10 to 20 barrels. or 400 to 800 gallons, per day of sirup), I should advise a separate clarifier and a partial evaporator, and finish in a separalte vessel. The secret of good sirup is perfect clarifyintg an(d straining, careful and continuous skimming,
and plenty of lime given to the evalporation, using more 1or les 11 lunipe alne., wvith some feientiiation allowed. Boil your sirup to a untiforml density of about 3I cgrl'(es Beaume, while hot; this will yield a sirup of about S8 degrees ealume, when cold. These sacelarometers can be purchased of any instrument dealer, or can be ordered through any druggist. They are absolutely necessary for unilorim nl work.
AelAuRTus.- The first'prerequisite is a first-class horizontal mill, \\ell built and exceedingly strong, to extract the juice; such a mill can only be had from mlanufacturers who have had long experience in building sugar apparatus. A first-class liree-roller mill, properly set, will extract G0 per cent. of the weight of cane in juice or 70 per cenl. of the total juice. The clarifier and evaporalors should, if possible, be steam-heated, tihe coils made of copper, ifor economical reasons. Copper conducts heat better than iron; while iron pipes will make as good sugar, they will require 40 per cent. more fuel to do the same work; a copper coil will work better with 60 pounds of steam than an iron coil with 100 pounds.
ADVANTAGES OF STEAM APPARATUS.
The advantage of a steam train is obvious; the manipulator has absolute control of the heat and can regulate it as circumstances demand. A fire-healted evaporator cannot be so perfectly regulated. In either case, steam or fire-heated evaporalors, I strongly advocate a copper heating surface, on account of fuel economy; the difference in cost will be more than offset during the first season. There are a large number of reliable manufacturers of first-class apparatus -who can, and will, furnish apparatus at far less than ihey can ie designed and built for locally. A "home-made" apparatus is most expensive and unsatisfact ory.
CuILTURE.-It is useless for me to attempt to instruct Florida farmers in cane culture. The methods are fully understood by them. I can only say that a large part of the culture should precede the plfaning. The bed should be deeply plowed and in perfect tilth before planting. I prefer fall planning, particularly in South Florida. By having Ilie ground ready, tie planting can be done at the time of grinilinng, using the immalnture lops for seed. An acre of tops should plant more lhan an acre of new land.
In South Florida, cane should yield at least three good crops from one planting; frequently, with proper care, it will last five or six years. The culture should be shallow, at all tires working a low ridge around the cane. For fertilizing, nothing is better than cow-pl nning, which, howev er, should be re-inforced by 150 to 200 pounds of high grade sulphate of potash (45 to 50 per cent. of potash) and 500 to 1000 pounds -of 16 per cent. acid phosphale. Cane requires potash to mature its juices, as does all fruit or sugar-producing plants. A general fertilizer for cane should have about these proportions: Am monia 3, phosphoric acid 6, potash 4. Cotton seed meal, acid phosphate and kainit mixed in equal parts and applied, 1000 pounds per acre, will give most excellent results; this will yield the necessary fertilizing elements in about the correct proportion.
At present prices, this fertilizer should not cost to exceed $25.00 per ton at seaports. One thousand pounds per acre should insure a crop of not less than 20 tons of cane per acre, with an average of 10) per cent. sugar, or 4000 pounds sugar per acre, or 400 to 500 gallons of firstclass sirup per acre, using a first-class apparatus and exercising due economy. About one-half this amount can be secured with the usual apparatus now generally employed in this State.
VArIETIES OF CNE.--'rhere are a numl)er of different canes, probably seventy-five or more known varieties. In many cases the same cane is known by different local names. There are not to exceed a dozen kinds that are valuable in Louisiana and Florida, of which probably three distinct kinds are worth considering. The "Crystaline," from which a number of dillerent canes have originated. is generally considered best; the "Red Ribbon" and the "Pl'urple" canes come next. The large white or Hawaiian cane is Ilargely planted in Florida; it is a favorite for c(liwingr. It is a slow grower, late in starting. and does not rattoon perfectly.
The "Cryvstnline" is conlside(ed the bIs all :inad cane. It is known by many local names. It riat!o ons well, is early in sprouiing and ready to "lay IY" hy May 15; its sugar content is high amin imlipurities sin!l.
The "Red Ribbon" is also an excellent cane, and inferior to the "Crystaline" only in the fact that it does not rattoon so perfectly.
The "Purpe." or Bourhon cane. is a hlirdy cane. smaller
than either of the others named; its sugar content is equal to the "Red Ribbon" or "Crystaline"; it is well adapted to North Florida, and is almost exclusively cultivated in Georgia; it will stand more frost than the "Crystaline" or "Red Ribbon."
A new seeding cane, perfected by Dr. William C. Stubbs, recently Direclor of the Louisiana Sugar Experiment Station, known as "1)emarrara No. 741," has been largely introduced into Louisiana. It is a robust, hardy, green cane, w ith a nmich larger sugar content than the ordinary canes; a heavy producer, with but few impurities. It has not yet been extensively introduced into Florida. Where it has been tried, it has been found desirable, being early in minaturity and has a much larger sugar content
-10 to 15 per cent. more than the ordinary varieties.
A variety known as the Japanese cane was introduced from the Louisiana Sugar Experimental Station some fifteen years ago; it rattoons profusely and will grow on high pine land, making heavy crops where ordinary cane would fail to lroduce prolitable crol)ps; it makes firstclass sirup, but is not considered a first-class sugar-producer on account of its high percentage of glucose, and solids not sugar. I believe it will be of great value to those situated on high pine ridges, and as it stands frost better than ordinary cane, it will be an acquisition to North Florida and Georgia.
PREPARATION OF SOIL-PLANTING.
Soil for cane (or corn) should be well drained and deeply plowed; not less than six inches-preferably eight or more inches, depending on local conditions. This should be done as early as practicable in the fall, not later than November 15 for spring planting; if for fall l)lanting, in October. The soil should be well harrowed. putting the seed-bed in first-class tilth. The fertilizer should be spread, or scattered, broadcast, and thoroughly harrowed in before planting. Fall planting should be done in November; spring planting in February or March. Rows should -be opened six feet apart, four inches deep: the seed canes laid in the furrow, continuously, lapp)ing each cane one or two joints, if the seed is sound and the eyes perfect. In case of damaged seed cane, more is required; frequently "two canes and a lap" are needed: the objict- being to ,et one sound eve for every six inches
of row, to insure a good sandnd" Cover fall-planted cane four inches deep, in the spring, when germination has begun; remove part of the covering, to allow the heat and air lo penetrate the soil. Much cane is lost fron too deep planting. For spring planting, cover not more than two inches deep.
Germination will frequently begin in North Florida in February; in Middle Florida in January, when part of the covering should be dragged off, to assist in germinating. In tropical Florida, below the 28th parallel, cane will sprout and grow at any time, and can be planted whenever convenient.
CULTIVATION.
The culture of cane is exactly similar to the culture of corn; one of the best tools for early cultivation is the "weeder." It can be used at any lime from the planting, and run in any direeion-with the rows or across themand can be used exclusively until the cane is two feet high, after which a cullivator should be frequently run in the rows. The culture should at all times be shallow, not to disturb the root system. A turn-plow should never be used to cultivate cane. Continue cultivating till the cane completely shades the ground. Allow no weeds to grow in the rows, nor the middles, at any time.
HARVEST.
Harvest begins in Louisiana October 15-though the cane is far from mature at this date. The ro rge areas, however, demand early harvest. In North Florida, November 1 to 15; in South Florida, D)ecember 1; below the 28th parallel, harvest may be delayed till January 1, and is frequently continued till March 15. sometimes till April 1, the climate being practically similar to Cuba, adding full sixty days' growth and maturity to the crop.
That portion of the plant which has shed its blades or leaves is mature; that part to which the blades still cling, the tops, is not fully mature. Generally two-thirds of the stalk is matured by November 1st.
When ready for harvest, the cane should be stril)ped of its leaves, to allow the sun to mature the juices-n lath is a good tool for this purpose. Enough cane should be stripped at one time to supply the mill several days.
CUTTING CANE FOR SIRUP.
When cutting cane for sirup, top it high, to leave two or three of the upper, unripe, immature joints; this immature cane juice is largely glucose, or "invert" sugar, and tends to prevent crystallization.
CUTTING CANE FOR SUGAR-MAKING.
In cutting cane for sugar-making, top low, using only the fully matured or ripened cane. Cut only what is necessary to supply the mill each day. Only fresh-cut cane should be used for making sugar.
FERMENTATION.
A slight fermentation will not damage cane for sirupmaking. adding to !he "invert" sugar (glucose) and allowing the sirup to be boiled thick without danger of crystallizing.
A very small amount of fermentation will materially damage cane for sugar-making, increase the "invert" sugar--molasses, and decrease the crystals of sugar in proportion to the amount of glucose present. Fermented cane cannot be made into sugar, though with proper care it may be worked into fair sirup.
EXTRACTING--MILLING.
Use none but a heavy, well-made mill, with large shafts, requiring not less than two good animals to pull it.
A steam-power, horizontal mill should be used when there are more than twenty acres to harvest.
The pulp (or bagasse), when passed through the mill, should be broken into short, dry fragments, apparently free of juice. When passing the miill as flat ribbons, unbroken at the joints, it has not been well ground, and still has a Inrge percentage of juice left in it. A well-set horse mill can he run to extract 60 per cent. of the weight of hle cane in juice, leaving 25 per cent. still in the cane (canne is composed of 85 per cent. juice and 15 per cent. of dry fibre).
Seldom do horse mills extract more than 50 per cent. of juice, leaving 35 per cent. in the cane. A well-designed,
2-Bul.
powerful, six-roller steam-power mill will, when kept properly set, extract 75 per cent., still leaving 10 per cent. of juice in the cane. Seldom do steam mills extract more than 75 per cen t. of the weight of cane in juice.
The most powerful steam mills-nine rollers, with crusher and "saturation" between the last six rollsaverage not to exceed 80 per cent. of the juice, or 93 per cent. of the total sugar in the cane.
A mill extracting less than 65 per cent. of the weight of the cane in juice is not an economical apparatus. A good steam-power tmill, with six rolls, will average 75 per cent., a gain of practically 20 per cent. in sirup or sugar.
Few cane growers realize the enormous losses they sustain by using inferior mills.
STRAINING AND CLARIFYING.
Between the mill and the juice tank, or barrel, a coarse wire strainer should be placed, to remove coarse particles of cane or leaves; under this a gunny-bag strainer; below this a coarse muslin or chesecloth strainer. Needless to say, these strainers must be kept clean and frequently ly' changed. They should be stretched on hoops, like sieves, and a number kept on hand for changing. From the mill to the juice tank, near the clarifier, or evaporator, a pipe should be run-generally below the ground, not to interfere with the team. At its outlet another strainer of flannel, or "filter cloth," should be placed.
Thorough straining wonderfully reduces the labor of skimming and greatly improves the quality of the sirup or sugar.
The juice tank at the mill need not be of great capacity. It serves only as a funnel for the pipe to the larger juice tank near the clarifier or evaporator. This tank should hold at least sufficient for a charge (or run) of wellstrained juice; it also acts as a settling tank and removes large amounts of heavy impurities that settle to the bottom. It should be cleaned at least once a day, and well washed out.
MILK OF LIME FOR CLARIFYING.
The universally used clarifying agent in all well-con-
ducted sugar or sirup factories is a mixture of freshly burled quicklime and water. Air-slaked lime will not answer the purpose, and should not be used. To prepare this "milk of lime," use one pound of quicklime to one gallon of waler, thus having two ounces of lime to each pint of the mixture.
Place 40 pounds of quicklime in a 40-gallon barrel; slake it with water; when it is thoroughly slaked, add water :o make 40 gallons (if the water is at all times above the lime it will keep indefinitely, lit for use).
Before dipping out a portion for use, stir the "milk of lime" thoroughly to get the necessary lime suspended in the portion to be used. It should be about like thick whitewash.
For each 50 gallons of raw, strained juice, use one pint of this '"nilk of lime." Take one pint of "milk of lime," add one gallon of water; stir it well to suspend the lime; scatter this over the surface of the juice in the evaporator or clarifier; distribute it well and mix it thoroughly with the juice.
SKIMMING.
Bring the juice to a boil quickly. but do not let it "boil up"; when the "green blanket" forms and begins to "crack," draw the fires, or turn off the steam. Remove the blanket of green scum quickly and carefully. Don't let 1h,m scum fall back into the juice at any time.
After cleaning carefully, renew the fires, or turn on the steam; skim coniinuously and carefully, while evaporating; evaporale witlh moderate heat for sirup, quickly for sugar.
ACIDITY.
Normal lone juice is always slightly acid. If cane has been cut some tlime. or exposed to the sun for some time, it frequently becomes quite acid (ferments) 'rhe lime is to neutralize this acid-coagulate the gums and albumins. Practically all the lime is removed in the scums, or the set tlings.
CAUTION.
The amount of lime recommended-one pint of "milk of lime," equal lo two ounces for each 50 gallons of juiceis but ap roxinate. Very ripe cane, sweet and unfer-
mlented, may require less; green or sour cane, more than indicated.
For sirup-making, the juice should at all times have a slightly acid reaction; for sugar-making, it should be neutral-neither acid nor alkaline.
TEST FOR ACID.
A few sheets of Blue Litmus paper should be procured. Cut this into half-inch strips, about four inches long, and keep in a dry bottle. Before liming the juice, dip one of these strips into the juice. The blue paper will be at once turned pink or red, depending on the amount of acid present. After liming, dip another strip into the limed juice. It should show but a pale pink. If it remains blue, you have too much lime, and raw juice should be added till you get a faint pink color on the paper. Juice for sirup should always be slightly acid, turning the blue paper a faint pink.
BOILING.
FoR Smiir.-After thorough clarifying and skimming, boil steadily and slowly (skimming all the time) till the sirup makes 33 degrees.
FoR SucaR.-Boil off as quickly as possible, until the saccharometecr shows 36 degrees.
BEATUME SACCHAROMETER.
For uniform sirup or sugar making, an instrument (a hydronmeer) called a "Beauinll Sacclmroln'eer" is absolutely necessary. These instruments cost 50 cents each, and can be had of any instrument dealer. Any druggist can order them.
In sirup-making, boil till a sample of the hot juice shows 33 degrees on the spindle, which will be about :S degrees when cold.
Use a glnass or tin cylinder about len inches long for testing; fill the cylinder full of hot juice and drop the spindle in; it will float at the point of density of the sirup. Sirup should show 33 degrees when hot; for sugar, boil to 36 degrees, hot.
PACKAGES.
The finished sirup should( be bottled or canned, while still hot, in perfectly cleaned and sterilized bottles or cans, and sealed hot. Cans, corks, caps or covers should be boiled or steamed to sterilize tlem.
Barrels or other wooden conta:iners cannot be successfully sterilized, and will certainly ferment in a short time. Any sirup, thick or thin, sealed hot, in sterilized cans or bottles, will not ferment until exposed to the air and becoming infected by the germs of fermentation. No harmless preservative (or anti-ferment) is known. Chenmicals that will prevent fermentation will also prevent digestion, and are prohibited by good morals, as well as the pure food laws of the country.
CENTRAL FACTORIES.
A central factory for sirup or sugar, with an assured acreage of from 200 lo 500 acres, where farmers can furnish from 10 to 20 acrcs without too great a haul, should be a most profitable investment. Such a factory should purchase cane on the basis of one-half the sirup or sugar made: the farmer Ipurchasing necessary packages if he prefers lo take his share "in kind," rather than accept the value of his half at the factory without packages. The amount of sirup or sugar in the cane is readily determined by the specific gravity of the juice at the mill. Willth a good mill and modern apparatus, a yield of 20 gallons per' ton of average ripe cane of 8 degrees Beaume can lie expected. This sirup should be worth 30 cents per gallon at the factory, or !).00 per ton of cane, of which the farmer should receive $4.00; at 20 tons per acre his gross yield is 880.00; by proper fertilizing and culture, he can increase both the sugar content and the tonnage; 30 tons are frequently made, while 40 to 60 tons have been produced per acre on the rich hammock and muck lands of the Slate, when properly drained, fertilized and cultivaled.
SIRUI) PACKAGES.
Packages for sirup should not exceed five gallons each, while one-gallon cans and quart bottles, neatly labeled and sealed hot, to insure the preservation of the aroma and peculiar flavor of well-made cane sirup, are preferable. A fair price for good sirup in five-gallon cans is
from 40 to 60 cents per gallon, while quart I)ltles will sell front (0 cents to A1.00 per gallon. Five-gallon cans will cost 25 cents delivered, each, or 5 cents per gallon; one-gallon cans will cost 10 to 15 cents each, while quart bottles will cost 5 cents each. These prices, of course, can lbe reduced by purchasing in car lots, or by purchasing the material and having the cans made at the factory, as is done in most canning establishments. The freight on ready-made cans is a very large item of expense. An outfit for making cans is not expensive, while the skill required is not great.
1'. S. I)EPARTMIENT OF AGRICULTURE.
This questionn is of such ilnportance that the UInited States Agricultural Deparlment has recently undertaken a series ofF experiments in Georgin and Florida, along the line of sirulp-making. I believe our State could make no Ielter investment Ihan to establish a sugar exerilmental station in Florida, along the lines of the Louisiana Sigar Experimental Station. which has added enormous suns to Iihe profits of our Louisiana sugar planters; has educated numbers of practical sugar growers and sugar makers. This station would soon be a self-supporting and self-sustaining institution, and should be run on )practical, as well as scientific. principles, and thlns train our young men to "know how," as well as to "know why'," certain processes will yield certain results.
BULLETINS AND LITERATURE.
I would suggest to all Ihose interested in sugar cane, sirul and sugar-making, to write 1o tile Louisiana Sugar Explerinlenial Station, at New Orleans, for a colpy of "Sugar Cane," by Prof. William C. Stubbs. I)irector of the Louisiana Sugar Experimental Station (enclosing 51) cents for the same); also, to10 obtain from the United States Agricultural Department, Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 90 and 135, "The Manufacture of Sorghum Sirup." The apl)aratus and mielhods therein recommended are equally applicable to the manufacture of sirup from cane.
During recent years experiments under the direction of lhe UTnited States Agricultural Department have been made in Florida and South Georgia in manufacturing sirup from sugar cane. A report, covering a number of analyses of soils, and a larger number of analyses of cane
has been published in these bulletins, Nos. 70 and 75, of the Bureau of Chemistry of the United States Agricultural Department. This report sustains the position assumed by myself and others that Florida and South Georgia produce cane equal to any country in sugar content, and that the tonnage compares favorably with more tropical territories.
AVERAGE ANALYSIS OF FLORIDA CANE.
The average from Florida and Georgia shows:
Sucrose, or pure sugar . 12.08 per cent. Glucose, or reducing sugars . 1.32 per cent. Co-efficient of purity . . 79.50 per cent.
SUMMARY.
While these general rules and directions are given, here are many "kinks" and conditions arising that require experience and skill to succeed in making a really good quality of sirup or sugar. The art of sugar boiling is like all other arts, and requires practice and skill to become an adept. While it is possible to tell "why" certain results should follow certain processes, one can only learn "how" by practice. Numerous failures may be expected. Some of the most skillful sugar boilers are unable to tell "why," but they do know "how" to produce lie best results. There are numbers of chemists who, while they know "why" certain results are to be expected friom given conditions and processes, have not the skill required to boil sirup or sugar successfully. "Sirup boiling" in all sugar-making countries is a distinct art, trade or profession ; skillful sugar boilers frequently being paid as much, or more, than either the superintendent, manager, chemist or engineer of a sugar factory.
R. E. ROSE.
Tallahassee, Fla., September, 1910.
DR. H. W. WILEY'S CONCLUSIONS.
In conclusion, I quote from Prof. H. W. Wiley, Chief Chemist, United States Agricultural Department:
"The problems connected with the sugar and starch products are four or five in number.
"First of all, the soil is to be considered and, therefore, agricultural interests should pay some attention to staple crops-that is, crops that have a market the year around and can be preserved and marketed at any time. Sugar and starch are types of such crops. These substances take absolutely nothing from the soil; they are fabricated by the plant from the atmosphere and water; hence, the stile of such products does not tend to impoverish the soil.
"The soils of Florida are largely of a sandy nature. *-**
**- ***: Sandy soils are not suitable for producing wheat, for instance, but they are well adapted for producing sugar and starch. In Florida, it is more a question of climate than of soil, since, with a favorable climate, scientific agriculture will produce a croj) from almost any kind of soil.
"The second problem to be considered is that of fertilizers. Perhaps there is no State more favorably situaled than Florida in respect of fertilizers. You have here inexhaustible deposils of phosphate. In the leguminous crops which grow here-namely, peas, beans, alfalfa and beggarwvveed grass-you have a most valuable means of assimilaling nitrogen from lhe air. In cotton seed, fish scrap and other animal refuse, you have access to large stores of nitrogen. Through your seaports, stores of fertilizer materials, such as nitrate of soda and potash salts, can be brought from South America and Germany. It would be hard to find any other portion of our country where fertilizers could be sold more cheaply than in this State.
"The third problem is the character of the market. This country is the greatest sugar and starch consumer in the world. We use more than 2,000,000 tons of sugar annually. Of this quantity, before the Spanish War we made only about 300,000 tons-about oneseventh of all.
"Since the Spanish War we have acquired Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines, all of which gives us large additional quantities of sugar. This year we will produce about 100,000 tons of beet sugar, so that at the present time it may be said that we produce about onethird of all the sugar we consume; but still there is a vast foreign market, which we might supply with a home product.
"There is no danger, therefore, of overstocking our own
market with increased sugar productions, nor is there danger of the beet sugar driving the cane sugar out of the market. For many purposes-as, for instance, the manufacture of sirup-beet sugar is unsuitable, and there will always be a demand for all the cane sugar that can be made.
"The sugar crop of the whole world for the present year is about 10,000,000 tons, of which nearly 7,000,000 tons are made from the sugar beet.
"The sugar beet cannot, however, be grown in Florida profitably. Here you must depend on the sugar cane for sugar, and upon the cassava and potato for starch. From starch, glucose can also be made, and it seems to me that in the near future the glucose industry will pass from the Indian corn belt to the cassava and potato belt. In one particular industry Florida and the southern parts of Georgia and Alabama stand pre-eminent, and that is the manufacture of table sirup from sugar cane. It is important, however, to secure uniform grades to hold the markets of the world, and this can only be accomplished by mixing together the products of small farmers, or by the establishment of central factories, where the cane grown in the neighborhood can be manufactured under standard conditions.
"By the development of these great industries, sugar and starch making, including table sirups, untold wealth will in the near future flow into Florida.
"From by-products of the factories, immense quantities of cattle food can be obtained, both from sugar cane and the slarch-producing plants. Thus, a dairy industry can be established in connection with sugar and starch making, which will add much to the wealth of the State."
PART 11.
INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES AND
SPRAYING CALENDAR.
FUNGICIDES, INSECTICIDES AND SPRAYING CALENDAR.
Many of these mixtures can be obtained already prepared front reliable dealers, which saves much time and trouble in mixing them. The following precautions should be taken into consideration:
t-Care should be taken to keep all substances employed in spraying where they cannot be gotten at and used by mistake. All substances should be correctly labeled.
2-Solutions and mixtures containing copper sulphate, corrosive sublimate and arsenate of lead should be made in wood, glass or earthen vessels.
3-Arsenical solutions should not be applied to fruits, etc., within two weeks of the time they are to be used as food.
4-Trees should not be sprayed when they are in blossom, as the bees, which are necessary to fertilize the flowers, may be destroyed.
5-Florida growers interested in spraying and other means of checking insect pests, not fully covered in this article, should write the director of the Florida Experiiuent Station at Gainesville, for further information.
FUNGICIDES.
BORDEAUX MIXTURE.
pounds copper sulphate (blue vitriol.)
4 pounds lime (unslaked.)
25-50 gallons water.
Dissolve the copper in hot or cold water, using a wooden or earthen vessel. Slake the lime in a tub, add-
ing the water cautiously and only in sufficient amount to insure thorough slaking. After thorough slaking, more water can be added and stirred in until it has the consistency of thick cream. When both are cold, pour the lime into the diluted copper solution of required strength, straining it through a fine-mesh sieve or a gunny cloth, and thoroughly mix. The standard mixtures are:
(a) 25 gallons (full strength solution, or 4-4-25 formula).
(b) 50 gallons (half strength mixture, or 4-4-50 for mula).
It is then ready for use. Considerable trouble has frequently been experienced in preparing the Bordeauix Mixture. Care should be taken that the lime is of good quality and well burned, and has not been air-slaked. Where small amounts of lime are slaked, it is advisable to use hot water. The lime should not be allowed to become dry in slaking, neither should it become entirely submerged in water. Lime stakes best when supplied with just enough water to develop a large amount of heat, which renders the process active. If the amount of lime is insufficient, there is danger of burning tender foliage. In order to obviate this, the mixture can be tested wilh a knife blade or with ferro-cyanide of potassium (1 oz. to 5 or (3 oz. of water). If the amount of lime is insufficient, copper will be deposited on the knife blade, while a deep brownish-red color will be imparted to the mixture when ferro-cyanide of potassium is added. Lime should be added until neither reaction occurs. A slight excess of lime, however, is desirable.
The Bordeaux Mixture is best when first prepared. Stock solutions of lime and copper can be made and mixed when required.
2-The following, known as the 6-4-50 formula, is in very general use:
6 pounds copper sulphate.
4 pounds lime.
r0 gallons water.
3. BORDEAUX MIXTURE FOR PEACH FOLIAGE.
The Bordeaux Mixture, as ordinarily applied, frequently injures to some extent the foliage of the peach, etc., causing a shot-hole effect on the leaves. This in-
jurious effect has been shown to be largely obviated by the use of the following:
3 pounds copper sulphate.
6 pounds lime.
50 gallons water.
This is known as the 3-6-50 formula. Some experimenters have also recommended the following for peach foliage :
(a) 2-2-50 formula (Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. ISO).
(b) 3,-.9-50 for-mula.
The latter contains three times as much lime as copper sulphate.
4 BORDEAUX RESIN MIXTURE.
5 pounds resin.
1 pound potash lime.
1 pint fish oil.
5 gallons water.
To make resin solution, place resin and oil in a kettle and heat until resin is dissolved. Cool slightly and then add lye slowly and stir. Again place the kettle over the fire, add the required amount of water and allow the whole to boil until it will mix with cold water, forming an amber-colored solution. Take 2 gallons of the resin solution and add to it 10 gallons of water. Mix this with 40 gallons of Bordeaux Mixture.
Recomniended for Asparagus Rust on acconut of its adhesive properties. (N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. (Geneva) Bull. 1S"s).
5 SACCHARATE OF COPPER.
4 pounds copper sulphate.
4 pounds lime.
4 pints molasses.
25 gallons water.
Slake 4 pounds of lime and dilute the same with water. Dissolve 4 pints of molasses in a gallon of water and mix with the lime. Stir thoroughly, and let it stand for a few h(,nrs. Dissolve 4 pounds of copper in 10 gallons of water and pour it into the lime-molasses solution, while stirring briskly. Allow the mixture to settle. Draw off the clear, greenish solifion for use. Recommended in France as a subsiihtute for the Bordeaux Mixture.
6 AMMOiNIACAL COPPER CARBONATE.
5 ounces copper carbonate.
3 pints ammonia (260 Beaume).
50 gallons water.
Dissolve the copper carbonate in ammonia. This may lbe kept any length of time in a glass-stoppered bottle and diluted to the required strength. The solution 1osets strength on standing.
7 EAU CELESTE.
(Blue Water.)
2 pounds copper sulphate.
1 quart ammonia.
50 gallons water.
Dissolve the copper sulphate in 6 or 8 gallons of water; then add the ammonia and dilute to 50 or 60 gallons of water.
8 COPPER CARBONATE MIXTURE.
1 pound copper carbonate.
40 gallons water.
Mix the copper carbonate with a small quantity of water to make a paste; then dilute with the required amount of water. For fruit rot of the peach, etc. (Delaware Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. XXIX).
9 COPPER ACETATE.
6 ounces copper acetate (Diabasic Acetate).
50 gallons water.
First make a posle of the copper acetate by adding water to it; then dilute to the required strength. Use finely' powdered acetate of copper, not the crystalline form. For the same purpose, and of the same value, as the precedingr formula.
10 COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTION.
(Strong Solution.)
1 pound copper sulphate.
25 gallons water.
Applied only on trees without foliage.
11 COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTION.
(Weak Solution.)
2-4 ounces copper sulphate.
50 gallons water.
For trees in foliage.
12 POTASSIUM SULPHIDE.
3 ounces potassium sulphide.
10 gallons water.
Valuable for gooseberry mildews, etc.
13 - POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE.
I part potassium permanganate.
2 parts soap.
100 parts water.
Recommended in France for black rot and mildew of the grape, etc.
14 IRON SULPHATE AND SULPHURIC ACID.
Water (hot), 100 parts.
Iron Sulphate, as much as will dissolve.
Sulphuric Acid, 1 part.
Prepare solution just before using. Add the acid to the crystals, and then pour on the water. Valuable for treatment of dormant grape vines affected with anthracnose, application being made with sponge or brush.
15 CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE.
(For Potato Scab.)
ounces corrosive sublimate.
15 gallons water.
Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in 2 gallons of hot water; then dilute to 15 gallons, allowing the same to stand 5 or 6 hours, during which time thoroughly agitate the solution several times. Place the seed potatoes in a sack and immerse in the solution for 1J hours. Corrosive sublimate is very poisonous; consequently, care should
S-Bul.
be taken in handling it, nor should the treated potatoes be eaten by stock. The solution should not be made in metallic vessels.
16 FORMALIN.
(For Potato Scab.)
8 ounces formalin (40%7, solution).
15 gallons water.
Used for the same purpose as corrosive sublimate, bit not poisonous. Immerse the seed potatoes for two hour,;.
INSECTICIDES.
17 PARIS GREEN-DRY.
1 pound Paris Green.
20-50 pounds flour.
Mix thoroughly and apply evenly, preferably when dew is on the plants.
18 PARIS GREEN-WET.
1 pound Paris Green.
2- pound quicklime.
200 gallons water.
Slake the lime in part of the water, sprinkling in the Paris Green gradually; then add the rest of the water. For the peach and other tender-leaved plants, use 300 gallons of water. Keep well stirred while spraying.
19 ARSENITE OF LIME.
1 pound of white arsenic.
2 pounds of fresh burned lime.
1 gallon water.
Boil together for 45 minutes and keep in a tight vessel. Add 1 quart of this to a barrel (50 gallons) of water, for use.
This insecticide has been recommended by a number of Experiment Stations, but has not yet been sufficiently tested at the Massachusetts Station to receive an en dorsement.
20 ARSENATE OF LEAD.
4 ounces arsenate of soda (50,% strength).
11 ounces acetate of lead.
150 gallons water.
Put the arsenate of soda in 2 quarts of water in a wooden pail, and the acetate of lead in 4 quarts of water in another wooden pail. When both are dissolved, mix with the rest of the water. Warm water in the pails will hasten 1he process. For the Elm-Leaf Beetle, use 25 ii stead of 150 gallons of water.
21 WHALE OIL SOAP.
2 pounds potash whale oil soap.
1 gallon hot water.
For winter use only.
22 KEROSENE EMUTLSION.
pound hard soap, shaved fine.
1 gallon water.
2 gallons kerosene.
Dissolve the soap in the water, which should be boil ing; remove from the fire and pour it into the kerosene while hot. Churn this with a spray pump till it changes to a creamy, then to a soft butter-like mass. Keepl) thias a stock, using one part in nine of water for soft-bodied insects, such as plant lice, or stronger in certain cases.
22 MECHANICAL EMULSTOI( N.
A substitute for the last. Made entirely by the pumlp, which draws water and kerosene from separate" tanks and mixes them in the desired proportion by a mechanical device. Several pumps for the purpose are now on the market.
RESIN-LIME MIXTURE.
5 pounds pulverized resin.
1 pound concentrated lye.
1 pint fish or other animal oil.
5 gallons water.
Place the oil, resin and 1 gallon of hot water in an iron kettle and heat till the resin softens, then add the lye and stir thoroughly; now add 4 gallons of hot water and boil till a little will mnix with cold water and give a clear, amber-colored liquid; add water to make up 5 gallons. Keep this as a stock soution. For use, take 1 gallon of stock solution, 16 gallons water, 3 gallons milk of lime, .1 pound Paris Green.
The object of this preparation is to obtain an adhesive material, which will cause the poison to adhere to smooth leaves. It has been highly recommended by the New York State (Geneva) Experiment Station.
25 LIME, SALT AND SULPHUR.
(Oregon Formula.)
50 pounds uslaked lime.
50 pounds flowers of sulphur.
50 pounds common salt.
Slake the lime in enough water to do it thoroughly, add the sulphur and boil for an hour at least, adding water if necessary. Then add the salt and boil 15 minutes more. Add water to mnake 150 gallons, and spray hot through a coarse nozzle.
26 LIME, SALT AND SULPHUR.
21a rtatt's Formula (from Smil-h.)
30 pounds unslaked lime.
30 pounds sulphur.
.15 pounds salt.
60 gallons water.
Boil with i semi f'or 4 hours, and apply hot.
27 CARBOLIC ACID EMULSION.
1 pound hard soap, shaved flue.
1 gallon water.
1 pint crude carbolic acid.
Dissolve the soap in the water, boiling; add the carbolic acid and churn as for kerosene emulsion. Use 1 part of this with 30 parts of water.
28 HELLEBORE.
1 ounce hellebore.
j gallon water.
Steep the hellebore in a pint of water and gradually add the rest of the water. ilellebore may also be dusted over the plants, either pure or mixed with flour or plaster.
29 INSECT POWDER, PYRETHIRUM.
Mix with half its'bulk of flour and keep in a tight can for 24 hours; then dust over the plants. Or,
100 grains insect powder.
2 gallons water.
Mix together, and spray.
COMBINED FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES.
30 BORDEAUX MIXTURE AND PARIS GREEN.
4 ounces Paris Green.
50 gallons Bordeaux Mixture.
31 1BORDEAUX MIXTURE AND ARSENATE OF LEAD.
1 gallon arsenate of lead (made by formula No. 20)
50 gallons Bordeaux Mixture.
32 BORDEAUX MIXTURE AND AIRSENITEC OF LIME.
1 quarts arsenite of lime(made by formula No.1 )
50 gallons Bordeaux Mixture.
33 SOAP MIXTURE.
(Used for White Fly.)
1 bar soap (10-cent size).
3 gallons water.
Apply warm, as it thickens on cooling.
Recommended for rose mildew, red spider, plant lice. etc.
Any common laundry soap, particularly the yellow resin soaps, dissolved 1 pound of soap to 15 or 20 gallons of water, is an efficient application for white fly, red spider, plant lice, etc. The addition of , pound of Paris green to each 50 gallons of soap soltiou adds to its efficiency. There is probably no better formula for white fly than the above.
Equal parts of soap solution and sulphur wash-made by dissolving 20 pounds of sulphur with 10 pounds of caustic soda-is a most excellent general application.
Sulphur wash is prepared as follows: First mix 20 pounds of flowers of sulphur into a paste with cold water, then add 10 pounds of pulverized caustic soda (981/). The dissolving lye will boil and liquefy the sulphur. Water must be added from time to time to prevent burning, until a concentrated solution of 20 gallons is obtai.ed. Two gallons of this is sufficient for 50 gallons of spray, giving a slrengih of 2 pounds of sulphur and 1. of lye to 50 gallons of walt r. An even stronger application can be made without danger to the foliage. This mixture can also be used in combination with other insecticides.
The chemical (omhiniation of sulphur and lime, known as bisulphide of lime, is, perhaps, a better liquid sulphur solution than the last as a remedy for mites. It may be very cheaply prepared hy boiling together, for an hour or more, in a small rqanitiy of water. equal parts of flowers of sulphur and stone lime. A convenient quantity is prepared by taking 5 pounds of sulphur and 5 pounds of lime and boiling" in 2 or 4 gallons of water, until the in.
39
gredients combine, forming a brownish liquid. This may be diluted to make 100 gallons of spray.
Almost any of the insecticides with which the sulphur application may be made will kill the leaf or rust mites, but the advantage of the sulphur arises from the fact that it forms an adhering coating on the leaves, which kills the young mites coming from the eggs, which are very resistant to the action of the insecticides and result in the plants beino' reinfested unless prolecled by the sulphur deposii.
SPRAYING CALENDAR.
Plant. 1st Application. 2d Auplication. 3d Application. 4th Application.
Asparagus . Use No. 4 on all After cutting,
(Rust.) young beds at in- use No. 1-b or
tervals of 2 to 4 No. 4.
weeks from May to September, according to the
weather.
Bean . When third leaf 10 days later, 14 days
(Anthracnose, expands, No. 1-b. No 1-b. No. 1-b.
leaf blight.)
5th Application.
later, 14 days later,
No. 1-b. Spraying with No. 1-b, after the pods are one - half grown, will injure them
for market.
Cabbage .
(Worms, club root.)
Carnatfon .
(Rust and other fungous diseases.)
No. 29, dry for 7-10 days later, worms. Lime, 35 repeat No. 29 dry. bu. per acre for club root.
No. 1-b, in field at intervals o f from 1 to 2 weeks according to the weather.
7-10 days later, Repeat in 10-14 repeat second. days,if necessary,
second.
SPRAYING CALENDAR- Continued.
Plant.
Celery .
(Rust and blight.)
Grape .
(Fungous diseases, rose bug, etc., leaf hupper.)
Nursery dtock.
(Fungous diseases.) . .
Peach, 1
Apricot, e
Nectarine
(Rot, mildew, scab, leaf curl, curcullo.)
1st Application.
Spray in seedbed with No. 1-b, every two weeks.
In spring, when buds swell. Nos. I and 14
2d Application. 3d Application.
Dip plants i n Use No. 1-b unNo. 1-b beforetil banking beplanting. gins e v e r y two
weeks.
Just before the flowers unfold, No. 30.
When the first 10-14 days, rel e a v e s appear, peat; for scale, No. 1-b and No. treat as for apple. 30 or 31.
As the buds are When fruit has swelling, for plum set, Nos. 3 and 31 curculio Nos. 3 for curculio. and 20.
When fruit has set, No. 30; for leaf hopper, No. 22, 15 per cent.
10-14 peat.
days, re-
When fruit is one - half grown, No. 3, a or b.
4th Application. 5th Application.
Freedom from disease depends :,largely upon good ,cultivation a n d Ian abundance of plant food in the
soil.
2 to 4 weeks No. 11, as fruit
later, No. 11. is coloring.
10-14 days re- 5 - 7 days later, peat; for scale, repeat. treat as for apple.
5-7 days later. 10-14 days late-, No. 12$; for scale, No. 11. treat as for apple.
SPRAYING CALENDAR - Continued.
Plant. 1st Application. 2d Application. 3d Application. 4th Application. 5th Auplication.
Pear . As the buds are Just before the After blossoms 8-12 days later, 10-20 days later,
(L e af blight, swelling, No. 1-b. blossoms ope n, have fallen, if repeat third; for No. 11.
s c a b, psylla, No. 30; when the necessary No. 23. scale, treat as for
coddling moth, leaves open for apple.
blister mit e, psylla, No. 23.
slug.)
Plum * .When buds are When blossoms 10-14 days later, 10-20 days later, 10-20 days later,
(Curculio, blackswelling, No. 1-b; have fallen, No.,31 No. 31. No. 31; tor scale,ias fruit is ripenknot, leaf blight, before the buds treat as for apple. ing.
brown rot, San swell, No. 23 or
Jose scale.) 21 for scale.
Quince .
(Leaf and fruit
spot.)
Raspberry, Blackberry, . Dewberry. j
(Rust, ,nthracnose, leaf
blight.)
When blossom buds appear, Nus.
1 and 30.
When fruit has set, No. 30.
Before the buds Just before the break, No. I-b. blossoms o p e n,
No. 30.
10-20 days later, 10-20 days later, No. 1-b. No. 1-b.
(Orange or red rust i s treated best by destroy. ing the plants attacked in its early stages.)
Spray after the 10-20 days later fruit is gathered, repeat. with No. 1.
Rose . No. 33,
(Rose mildew, ever these red spider.) appear.
when pests
SP'RAY ING CALErNDAR - Continued.
Plant. 1st Application. 2d Application. [ 3d Application. 4th Application.
Strawberry . As soon as the When the first Spray the newly Repeat third if
(Rust, black pa- growth begins, blossoms open, plantation, No. weat,-o is moist
na. etc.) with No. 1-b. Dip spray both young 1-b.
plants 1n No. 1 be- and nld plaitation,
fore setting. No. 30.
Tomato . . Soon after the Repeat as soon Repeat the first Try weik solu(Rot, b I i g h t, planting, use No. as fruit is form- when necessary. tion of copper sillflea beetle.) 1-b. ed; fruit can b phate as fruit. 1)e
wiped, if disfigur-1 gi'- t- ripen.
ed, by No. 1-b.
5th Application.
Potato . Spray with No. Repeat before. R e pe a t f o r
(F I e a beetle, 30, when about4nsects become blight, r o t and Colorado b e e- one -half grown; too numerous. insects as potatie, blight andifor scab, Nos. 15 toes approach marot, scab.) and 1 turity.
Violet . Use No. 33 on
(Spot, red spi- first appearance
der.) of spot or insects.
* Paris Green cannot be used on foliage of cherry, peach, Japanese plum, apricot and nectarine without injury t Black knots on plums or cherries should be cut or burned as soon as discovered. I If a pail full of lime wash, well strained, be added to each barrel full of copper solution-4 ounces to 5('
gallons-delicate foliage like that of the peach, etc., will not be injured.
PART 111.
CROP CONDITIONS.
DIVISION Of THE STATE BY COUNTIES.
Following are the divisions of the State, and the counties contained in each:
Northern Division.
Franklin, Gadsden,
Hamilton, Jefferson, Lafayette,
Leon,
Liberty, Madison,
Suwannee,
Taylor,
Wakulla.--11
Western Division.
Calhounn,
Escambia,
Holmes, Jackson,
Santa Rosa,
Wa lton,
Washington.-7.
Northeastern Division.
Alachua,
Baker,
Bradford,
Clay,
Columbia,
Duval,
Nassau, Putnam,
St. Johns.--9.
Central Division.
Citrus,
Hernando,
Lake, Levy,
Marion, Orange,
Pasco,
Sumter,
Volusia.-9.
Southern Division.
Brevard, Dade, DeSoto, Hillsborough, Lee,
Manatee, Monroe, Osceola, Palm Beach. Polk, St. Lucie-11.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
B. E. McLIN, Commissioner. H. S. ELLIOT, Chief Clerk
CONDENSED NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS.
By DIVISIONS.
NORTHERN DIvISIoN.-There is little difference in condition of crops at this season and the same period last year, the corn and cotton crops of this year running practically the same as last. The lateness of the planting season for cotton has made the maturing of the crop practically one month later than ordinary, and the condition is certainly no better than at this season last year. This cause of the unfavorable conditions was, first, the effect.of the drought at planting time, and second, the long-continued wet spell of weather, that gave the grass an opportunity to overcome the cotton in June, and it has been unable to recover itself in the majority of cases since that time. Corn is not much better, although in many localities, at first glance, it would appear to be a maximum crop, but an investigation of the field shows small stalks and small ears, caused by insufficient moisture to lrodnce a full-grown plant and, consequently, full grown ears of corn. From present indications it seems that the condition of the cotton in this section will not exceed 62 per cent. of a normal crop, and that corn will not exceed 66 per cent. of the normal crop. The hay crop is probably the best ever made in the country, and more peas have been combined with grass to produce the crop than ever before, and will probably exceed last year's yield 200 per cent.
WESTERN DIvmSiON.-There is lttle difference between this and the foregoing section in the percentage of conditioT1s and prospective yield of the various standard crops. In 1his section the yield of crops will be about the same as in the foregoing one. If any change, it will be prob4-Bul.
ably smaller. The same causes operated to produce the conditions and shorten the yield in this section, as in the northern. The hay crop is the best in many years and, perhaps, is the greatest ever made in this country, and will probably make up for the loss in corn and oat crops, the latter of which was practically a failure throughout the entire farming section of the northern Ipart of the State. All live stock is apparently in good condition, and we hear of no diseases among the cattle or hogs. The prospective yield of cotton in this district is 61 per cent. of a normal crop, and corn about 90 per cent. Other forage crops generally are good.
NORTHEASTERN DIVISION.-In this division conditions differ little from the preceding districts, either in cotton or corn, as the same seasons have affected the crops, in this section as in the preceding districts. The vegetable crops have done well in this district, also the fruits seem to be in good condition. The vegetable crops were not affected by the excessive rains of the early summer, as they' were matured and practically all of them marketed before the rainy season above referred to had begru. There has been some comJplaint from this district concerning the shortness of labor, but it is a condition that seems to come about with each crop season. The condition of live stock is about the same as in the rest of the State and reported ini fine condition, and no complaints of serious trouble or diseases to create losses.
CETLIrAL DIVION.-Agricultural operations in this division are confined principally to vegetables and fruits. The climatic conditions have been considerably more favorable in this section than in the districts previously mentioned, and crops of all kinds, including the field crops, indicate the normal yield. The orange and g ra 1 e fruit crops, however, appear to be short to a considerable degree, and the yield of fruit apparently will not exceed 60 to 62 per cent, of a normal crop in this district. It is reported front various sections that the vegetable crop is equal to any ever produced in the State, in profits as t-ell as quantity. Live stock is in fine condition. The pashires on the immense ranges are in fine shape, the timfely rains, that have prevailed in this section keeping them in good condition throughout the season.
SOUTHERN DivISIoN.-There are few field crops growne in this section of the State, as the growing of vegetables and fruits for market being not oniy more profitable, but easier to produce. Climatic conditions have been favorable for all kinds of crops in this section, with the exception of the citrus fruits, which are short. The indications, are that the citrus fruits in this district will net exceed 615 per cent, of a normal crop, which means that the fruit growers will, with proper management in the marketing of their crops, receive highly remunerative prices. Live stock is reported also in good condition in this section.
Considering the condition of all the crops throughout the State under the unfavorable conditions with which they have had to contend, we do not see how it is possible for the agriculturist and the fruit grower to receive more thaa two-thirds of a normal yield, but there is consolation in the fact that where the grain crops are short the forage crops will to a 'great extent relieve the situation and make good the losses. It is safe to say that the yield of cotton throughout the State will not exceed 64 per cent. of a crop, while corn is about 90 per cent., the rest of the field crops ranging close to a full normal yield in all sections.
52
Report of Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops, Fruits
and Fruit Trees for Quarter Ending September 30th, 1910, as
Compared with Same Period Last Year.
Upland Cotton.
CC)UNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Sea Island Cotton.
0 U2
0 0.1
Gadsden . 80 .7 . .
Hamilton . .50 65
Jefferson.70 70 75 75
Lafayette. 80 80
Leon .65 60 . .
Liberty .8 75 .
Madison .40 40 40 40
Taylor . . 70 70
Wakulla .50 50 . .
Div. Average lper cent 64 62 63 66
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun.75 70 . .Eseambia.5 65 . .
Holmes .70 65 . .
Jackson .65 60 . .
Santa Rosa .5 65 . .
Walton .50 50 .
Washington. .56 55 .
Div. Average per cent. . 67 61 .
NoxnTIEASTERN IVxISIONBaker.5 52 57 5T
Bradford . 67 67
Clay . . 72 74
Columbia .9 72 90 82
St. Johns .7 60 . .
Div. Average per cent 74 f 61 71 69
CENTRAL DBXISIONCitrus . . 60 70
Rernand0 .I .
Lake. .
Levy . . 80 60
Marion. . . 90 90
Orange . .
Sumnter .70 60 70 60
Volusia. . . .
Div. Average per cent 70 60 75 70
SOUTHERN DIIONDale . . . .
DeSoto. . . .
Hillsborough. . . .
Lee. . . .
Manatee. . .
Osceola . . . . .
Palm Peach. . . . .
Polk . . .
St. ILodie. . . .
Div. Average. per cent. . . . .
State Avera-e per cent. j 69 I 61 69 68
53
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Corn.
F o
0 0 U
Sugar Cane.
P4
Gadsden . 85 90 75 100
Hamilton . 75 80 40 60
Jefferson.90 90 100 100
Lafayette.90 90 70 75
Leon .70 65 90 90
Liberty.85 80 90 90
Madison.60 60 40 40
Taylor .85 90 70 75
Wakulla .85 85 90 90
Div. Average per cent 81 81t 74 80
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun .90 90 100 100
Escambia .85 110 75 65
Holmes.75 90 85 80
Jackson.90 90 90 175
Santa Rosa .100 100 100 100
Walton .67 67 75 75
Washington.87 87 65 65
Div. Average per cent 85 91 86 80
NORTHEASTERN DIVISIONBaker.87 87 65 60
Bradford.97 97 75 75
Clay.80 s8 90 90
Columbia .80 s8 95 80
St. Johns .100 100 65 70
Div. Average per cent. . 89 89 78 75
CENTRAL DivisIoNCitrus .10 100 60 50
Hernando .100 100 100 100
Lake .100 125 100 110
Levy .90 85 90 90
Marion .95 95 100 100
Orange .80 80 90 100
Sumter .90 95 100 95
Volusia .10 100 90 80
Div. Average per cent 94 97 91 01l
SOUTHERN DIVISIONDade. . 7
DeSoto .90 90 75 7
Hllsborough.100 110 80 90
Lee.10 100 o to 100 1'
Manatee.10 0 100 100 1 100
Osceola.80 80 100 1009
Palm Beach . . . ,
Polk.85 90 s0 80
St, Lucie .90 90 .
Div. Average per cent 92 94 89 91
State Average per cent 88 90 86 83
54
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
Field Peas. Rice.
0 0
o
- o~z - C.)
v
'1)~
'0
0
0 (ml
NORTHERN DIVISION- P
Gadsden . 100 100 . .
Hamilton . 75 85 . .
Jefferson.100 100 .
Lafayette .100 100 . .
Leon.100 125 . .
Liberty.100 100 . .
Madison .30 30 . .
Taylor.90 90 . .
Wakulla .90 100 . .
Div. Average per cent 87 92 .
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun .100 100 100 100
Escambia .50 50 75 50
Holmes .68 80 . .
Jackson.100 90 . .
Santa Rosa .90 90 100 100
Walton .25 25 .
Washington.90 100 100 100
Div. Average per cent 75 76 94 88
NORTHEASTERN tDIxVISION
Baker .55 45 . .
Bradford.100 100 100 100
Clay .100 100 100 100
Columbia .25 25 . .
St. Johns .70 70 75 75
Div. Average per cent 72 68 91 91
CENTRAL DISIONCitrus .60 60 . .
Hernando . . . 100 100
Lake .100 110 . .
Levy .10 90 . .
Marion .100 105 80 80
Orange .90 100 . .
Sumter.80 75 . .
Volusia .100 100 . .
Div. Average per cent 90 91 90 90
SOUTHERN DIVISIONDade .100 100 . .
DeSoto .100 100 75 75
Hillsborough .75 85 100 120
Lee.90 90 100 100
Manatee.[0 100 100 100
Osceola .o0 120 100 100
Palm Beach .90 75 . .
Polk .00 100 100 100
St. Lucie . . . .
Div. Average per cent 92 96 96 99
State Average pier cent. 83 85 98 92
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Sweet Pot atoes. COUNTIES.
0 P
NORTHERN DISION- 0 4
Cassava.
A.4
Gadsden . . . . . . . 75 75 . . I . .
Hamilton . 40 65 . .
Jefferson.90 9') 100 100
Lafayette.0 GO (I) . .
Leon .10 100 . .
Liberty. 0 90 go . . .
Madison .40 40 . .
Taylor .6 65 . .
Wakulla.85 90 . .
Div, Average per cent 60 75 100 100
WESTERN IV\ISONCalhoun.100 10') . .
Escambia.8 75 75 75
Holmes.50 75 . .
Jackson.100 90 . .
Santa Rosa .100 100o . .
Walton .67 67 . .
Washington .90 90 . .
Div. Average lper cent . S4 85 75 1 75
NORTHEASTERN DjIVISIONBaker.52 65
Bradford.90 90 90 100
Clay.100 100 . . .
Cohumbia .65 60 . .
St. Johns .85 90 60 70
Div. Average per cent.' 78 81 75 8b
CENTRAL DrVISIONCitrus .60 50 . .
Hernando .100 110 . .
Lake .100 125 100 100
Levy .100 100 . .
Marion .100 105 95 95
Orange .o 75 . .
Sumter .75 s0 100 100
Volusia,.80o80 . .
Div. Average per cent 87 91 98 98
SOUTHERN DIVISIONDade .100 100 . .
DeSoto . . . . . . . 7575 . . . .
Hillsborough . 75 7 5 90 95
Lee.90 90 () 9 90
Manatee .100 100 . .
Osceola.100 80 . . .
Palm Beach.75 60 . .
Polk.90 95 . .
St. Lucie .100 100 . .
Div. Average per cent. 88 86 90 9
State Average per cent 79 84 88 90
56
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES. NORTHERN DIVIsToN-
Peanuts.
0
Broom Corn.
0
Gadsden . 100 100 . .
Hamilton . 75 85 . .
Jefferson . 100 100 . .
Lafayette.100 100 .
Leon .100 100 . .
Liberty .100 100 . .
Madison.50 50 . .
Taylor.90 90 . .
Wakolla.90 100 . .
Div. Average uer cent. 89 92 . .
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun .100 100 .
Escambia.oo too 100 so
Holmes.60 85 . .
Jackson.10 100 . .
Santa Rosa .100 100 . .
Walton .95 95 . .
Washington .85 85 100 100
Div, Average per cent. . 91 95 10(To 90
NORTIHEASTERN DIVISIONBaker .85 85 . .
Bradford.95 95 . .
Clay.100 100 . .
Columbia. 90 120 . .
St. Johns . . .
Div. Average per cent. 93 100 . .
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus .100 100 . .
Hernando.8 80 so . .
Lake .100 1015 . .
Levy .100 1(10 . .
Marion .100 105 . .
Orange . . . .
Sumter .100 t10 . .
Volusia. . . .
Div. Average per cent. . 97 98j .
SouTHImN llt IbNDacte. .I. .
DeSoto . . . ii
Hillsborough.75 90 . .
Lee.90 90 .
Manatee .100 100 . .
Osceola . . . . .
Palm Beach .I . .
Polk .0 s0 . .
St. Lucie .I Div. Avernon-( per cent. . 8 6 .90 .
State At c ac per cen t. q!) 95 100 90
57
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Native Hay. Alf alfa.
a' 0
Gadsden . . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton . 75 75 .
Jefferson.60 60 . .
Lafayette .60 65 . .
Leon .100 125 . .
Liberty.80 80 . .
Madison.50 50 . .
Taylor .5 70 .
Wakulla .75 75 . .
Div. Average per cent 71 74 . .
WVESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun .90 90 . .
Escambia .100 100 .
Holmes .40 50 . .
Jackson.100 100 . .
Santa Rosa .100 100 .
Walton .95 95 .
Washington.100 100
Div. Average per cent 89 91 .
NORTHEASTERN DIVISIONBakor. .80 80 . . .
Bradford.100 100 . . .
Cla3 .100 100 .
Columbia .100 110 . .
St. Johns .100 100 100 100
Div. Average per cent 96 98 100 100
CENTRAL lDIVISIONCitrus .8 80 . .
Hernando.100 110 . .
Lake .100 115 . . .
Levy .100 110 .
Marion.100 105 . .
Orange .100 100 . .
Sumter . . .
Volusia .100 100 . .
Div. Average per ( *. 98 103 . .
SOUTHERN DivisioN
Dade .100 100 .
DeSoto .100 100 .
Hillsborough .100 120 .
Lee.100 100
Manatee .100 100 . .
Osceola.100 115 .
Palm Beach . . . .
Polk .100 125 . .
St. Lodie.100 100 . .
Div. Average per cent. 100 107 .
State Av erage per cent 91 95 100 100
Gadsden . . 125 125 .
Hamilton . 75 -15 90
Jefferson . 90 90 100
Lafayette . 100 100 .
Leon . 100 125 100
Liberty . 80 80 90
M adison . 40 60 75
Taylor . 75 75 90
W akulla . 85 85 85
Div. Average per cent . 86 91 90
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun . 100 125 90
Escambia . 100 120 100
H olm es . 65 so 25
Jackson . 100 75 100
Santa Rosa . 100 100 too
W alton . 70 70 .
W ashington . 100 115 too
Div. Average per cent . 91 9 86
NORTHEASTERN DIVISIONBaker . 60 70 .
Bradford . 100 110 100
Clay . 100 110 100
Columbia . 95 90 150
St. Johns . 65 75 101)
Div. Average per cent . 84 91 112
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus . 65 80 100
Hernando . 90 90 90
Lake . 100 110 115
Levy . 100 105 100
M arion . 100 110 100
Orange . 100 100 100
Sumter . 100 110 100
Volusia . 100 100 100
Div. Average per cent . 94 101 101
SOUTHERN DIVISIOND ade . 95 95 100
DeSoto . 100 100 100
Hillsborough . 100 130 115
Lee . 100 100 100
Manatee . 100 100 100
Osceola . 100 120 100
Palm Beach . 100 110 .
Polk . 90 95 100
St. Lucie . . . 100
Div. Average per cent . 98 106 102
State Average per cent . 91 99 98
58
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Velvet Beans. Pasture.
P4
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DrvisioN-
59)
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continuned.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Bananas.
0 0P
Mangoes.
'j
Gausden . . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton . . . . .
Jeff erson . . . . . . .
Lafayette. . . . .
Leon . . . . .
Liberty. . . . .
Madison. . . . .
Taylor . . . . .
Wakulla. . . . .
Div. Average per cent. . . . .
WESTERN DsvissoaCalhoun . . . .
Escambia . . . . .
Holmes . . . . .
Jackson. . . . .
Santa Rosa . . . . .
Walton . . . . .
Washington. . . . .
Div. Average per cent. . .
NORTHEASTERN DJIVISIONBaker . . . . . .
Bradford. . . .
Clay. . .
Columbia . . . . .
St. Johns . . . . .
Div. Average per cent . . . .
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus . . . . .
Hernando.100 100 . .
Lake .100 50 . .
Levy . . .
Mai-ion . . . . .
Orange . . . . .
Sumter .75 75 . .
Volusia. . . . .
Div. Average per cent 91 75 . .
SOUTHERN DIVISIONDade. 100 100 100 1o5
DeSoto. . . . . .
Hlillsborough. . .
Lee.100 100 100l 100
Manatee.100 100 100 100
Osceola.50 50 .
Palm Beach.100 100 75 30
Polk .50 50 . .
St. Lucie .25 25 25 25
Div. Average per cent 75 75 80 72
Scate Average per cent 83 75 80 72
60
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Guavas. Orange Trees.
0> 0. 0>
Gadsden . . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton . . . . . . . .
Jefferson. .
Lafayette. . .
Leon . . .
Liberty. .
Madison. . . .
Taylor . . . .
W ahulla . . . .
Div. Average per cent .
WESTERN 1)IVISIONCalhouno. . 150 1 75
Escambia . . .
Holmes . . .
Jackson. . .
Sanita Rosa . . . .
Wall on. . . . . .
Washington . . . .
Div. Average per cent . 150 7
NORTHEASTERN DIVISIONtaker . . . . 100 100
Bradford. . 50 50
Clay . . 60 60
Colombia . . .
St. Johns . . . .75 80
Div. Averag-e per cent . . . . 71 73
CENTRAL 1)IVISIONCitrus. . . 100 75
Hernando. 75 35
Lake .8 25 80 60
Levy . . . . .
Marion. . 90 50
Orange . . . I 100 75
Sumter . . 100 65
DoiAag percent. . . 89 60
Doiv.Aagprcet. 8 25 f 80 60
SOUTHERN DIvIsIoNDade .100 100 100 90
DeSoto.50 50 100 65
Hillsborough. . . . 75 50
Lee.100 100 95 80
Manatee.100 100 100 90
Osceola.50 10 100 45
Palm Beach .100 100 100 75
Polk.50 50 85 60
St. Ladie.50 40 100 60
Div. Average per cent. .j 75 69 95 68
State Average per cent.? 78 47 101 I f
61
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NAPT 'Cmv Thivr~in~v-
Lemon
a
0
G
Trees.
C)�
Lime Trees.
0 >
Gadsden . . .
H am ilton . . Jefferson . . . . . .
Lafayette . . . .
L eon . . Liberty . . . . .
M adison . . . Taylor . . . Wakulla. . . . .
Div. Average per cent . . . .
WESTERN DIVISIONCalhoun . . .
Escam bia . . .
H olm es . . Jackson . . . .
Santa Rosa . . .
lW alton . . .
W ashirgton . . . . .
Div. Average per cent . . . . . .
NORTH EASTERN DIVISIONB aker . . . .
Bradford . . . . .
C lay . . . .
Colum bia . St. Johns . 75 80 75 80
Div. Average per cent. 75 80 75 80
CENTRAL DIvISIONC citrus . . . . . .
Heran ado . . .
Lake . ".60 25 50 10
Levy . . .
M arion . "85 30 60 30
Orange . Sumter . . 100 40 95 40
V olusia . . .
Div. Average per cent. 81 92 68 27
SOUT HERN DivisIoNDade . 100 100 100 100
DeSoto . 100 50 100 50
Hillsborough.
Lee . 100 100 100 100
Man tee . 100 85 100 85
Osceola . 100 30 100 30
Palm Beach . 100 40 100 50
Polk . 6 5 47 75 25
St. Lucie . 100 60 85_j 5 0
Div. Average per cent. . 96 64 95 1 61
Stale Average per cent. 84 55 79 1 56
62
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Grapefruit Trees.
COUNTIES.
C,
NORTHERN DIVISION-0 Gadsdon. .
Hamilton. .
Jefferson. . .
Lafayette. . .
Leon. . .
Liberty. . .
Madison. . .
Taylor. . .
Wakulla. . .
Div. Average per cent . . .
WESTERN DIVION-
Calhoun . Escambia . Holmes . Jackson . Santa Rosa . Walton . Washington . Div. Average per cent .
150 60
15o 60
NORTHEASTERN DIVIIONBaker . 70 90
Bradford. . .
Clay. . .
Columbia. . .
St. Johns .75 80
Div. Average per cent .72 85
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus. 100 75
Hernando. 80 s
Lake. 90 70
Levy. . .
Marion. 90 50
Orange. 100 100
Sumter. 95 75
V olusia. 80o 70
Div. Average per centc.90 74
SOUTHE-RN DivISIONDade. 100 95
DeSoto. 100 90
Hillsborough .90 85
Lee. 100 85
Manatee. 100 80
Osceola. 100 60
Palm Beach. 100 75
Polk. 87 75
St. Lucie. 90 75
Div. Average per cent .96 s0
State Average per cent .102 75
PART IV.
Fertilizers,
Feed Stuffs, and Foods and Drugs.
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND
FORWARDING OF FERTILIZER OR COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFF SAMPLES TO THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.
SECTION 15 OF THE LAWS.
Special samples of Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs sent in by purchasers, under Section 9 of the laws, shall be drawn in the presence of two disinterested witnesses, from one or more packages, thoroughly mixed, and A FAIR SAMPLE OF THE SAME OF NOT LESS THAN EIGHT OUNCES (ONE-HALF POUND) SHALL BE PLACED IN A CAN OR BOTTLE, SEALED AND SENT BY A DISINTERESTED PARTY TO T1111 COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE AT TALLAHASSEE. NOT LESS THAN EIGHT OUNCES, IN A TIN CAN OR BOTTLE, WILL BR ACCEPTED FOR ANALYSIS. This rule is adopted to secure fair samples of sufficient size to make the necessary determinations and to allow the preservation of a duplicate sample in case of protest or appeal. This duplicate sample will be preserved for two months from the date of certificate of analysis.
The State Chemist is not the proper officer to receive special samples from the purchaser. The propriety of the method of drawing and sending the samples as fixed by law is obvious.
The drawing and sending of special samples in rare cases is in compliance with law. Samples are frequently ent in paper packages or paper boxes, badly packed, and frequently in very small quantity (less than ounce) ; frequently there are no m-arks, numbers or other means of identification; the postmark in some instances being absent.
I would call the attention of those who desire to avail themselves of this privilege to Sections 9 and 10 of the law, which are clear and explicit.
Hereafter, strict compliance with above regulations will be required. The sample nust not be less than onehalf pound, in a can, or bottle, sealed and addressed to the Commissioner of Agriculture. The sender's namne and address )nust also be on the package, this rile applying to special saniples of fertilizers or commercial feeding stIuff.
5-Bul.
A one-pound baking powder can, properly cleaned, filled with a fairly drawn, well mixed sample taken from several sacks, is a proper sample. It should be sealed and addressed to the Cornissioner of Agriculture at Tallahassee. The sender's namne and address should also be placed on the package. If inore than one sample is sent, the samples should be nuinbered so as to identify them. All this should be done in the presence of the witnesses ond the package iailed or expressed by one of the witnesses.
The tags off the sacks should be retained by the sender to compare with the certificate of analysis when received, and not sent to this office. The date of 1the drawing and sending of the sample, and names of the witnesses, should also be retained by the sender; not sent to this office.
WATER ANALYSIS.
We frequently analyze water for public use, city, town and neighborhood supplies; springs and artesian wells in which the public is interested; and for individuals when some economic question, boiler, laundry or other industrial use is to be decided. WE DO NOT ANALYZE WATER FOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT WHEREIN THE PUBLIC IS NOT INTERESTED. SUCH SAMPLES SHOULD BE SENT TO A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY. THE STATE LABORATORY DOES NOT COMPETE WITH COMMERCIAL LABORATORIES. Also, we do not make bacteriological examinations nor examinations for disease gerns. Such examinations and analyses are made by the State Board of Health at Jacksonville.
We do not make a sanitary analysis, nor a complete quantitative determination, separating each mineral and stating the quantity thereof. Such an analysis would be costly in time and labor, and of no real value to the inquirer. We determine the total dissolved solids in the sample and report them as parts per 1,000,000, naming the principal ingredients in the order of their predominance. We find Calcium Carbonate (lime), Sodium Chloride (salt), Magnesium Sulphate (epsom salts), Silica (sand), and Iron, is the general order of their predominance, though on the coast, where the total dissolved solids amounts to 5,000 or more parts per 1,000,000, Sodium Chloride (salt) is the predominant substance.
From a knowledge of the chemical analysis of a water,
unaccompanied by any further information, no conclusion as to the potability and healthfulness of the water can be deduced.
Therefore, we require the following information to be given in regard to the smc', , of the water:
(1). The source of the water: spring, lake, river, driven well, dug well, bored well, artesian well, or flowing well; and also the depth of the water surface below the top of the soil, and in case wells the depth of the casing.
(2). The locality of the source of the water: town, city or village; or the section, township and range.
(3). The proposed use of the water: city supply, domestic use, laundry, boiler, irrigation or other industrial use.
(4). No sample of water will be analyzed unless the name and address of the sender is on the package for identification.
lWe require two gallons of each sample of water, in a new jag, stopped with a. new cork, and sent by prepaid express. We will not accept any sample of water for analysis not in a new jug. Vessels previously used for other purposes are never properly cleaned for sending samples of water for analysis. Corks, once used for other substances (molasses, vinegar, whiskey, kerosene, etc.) are never properly cleaned. In sampling a well water, the stagnant water in the pump must first be pumped off. The jug must first be rinsed with the water to be sampled, emptied, and then filled. A sample of spring, river or lake water is best taken (afler rinsing the jug) by allowing the jug to fill after immersion some distance under the surface near the center of the body of water.
-NOTE.-We find the waters of the State-springs, wells, driven wells and artesian wells--generally very pure and wholesome, with but little mineral impurity and that such as is not harmful. Except in cases of gross carelessness, in allowing surface water to contaminate the well or spring, the waters of the State are pure and wholesome. The deep wells of the State are noted for their purity and healthfulness.
ANALYSIS OF FOODS AND DRUGS.
Samples of Foods and Drugs are drawn under special regulations. Application should be made to the Com missioner of Agriculture or State Chemist for the neces-
sary blanks, instructions, etc., for drawing and transmitting samples of foods and drugs, including drinks of all kinds.
COPIES OF LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS,
AND STANI)ARDS.
Citizens of the State interested in fertilizers, foods and drugs, and stock feed, can obtain, free of charge, the respective Laws, including Rules and Regulations and Standards, by applying to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist. Applications for the Quarterly Bulletin of the State Department of Agriculture should also be made to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist. The Bulletins of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station can be had by application to the Directot at Gainesville.
SOIL ANALYSIS.
We frequently have samples of soil sent in for analysis and a request to advise as to the best methods of fertilizing. Excepting in extreme cases, such as Heavy Clays, Pure Sand and Muck Lands, there is but little information to be derived from a soil analysis that would be of benefit to farmers. So much depends on tilth, drainage, culture and other physical conditions that an analysis made under laboratory conditions is of little value.
A chemical analysis or a soil may indicate a very fertile soil. rich in plant food, while the facts are the soils are not productive. This is instanced by the rich Sawgrass, muck lands and river bottoms of the State, that are fertile chemically, but not productive until properly drained; also, by the arid lands of the west, rich in the elements of plant food, but not productive unfil irrigated. Other soils, with less plant food, but on account of proper physical conditions, culture and tilth, are exceedingly prod uctive.
The average of thousands of analyses of Florida soils made by the Agriciltural Experiment Station and the State Laboratory is as follows: Nitrogen (per cent.) . 0.0413 Potash (per cen- t.) . 0.0091 Phospboric Acid (per cent.) . 0.1635
This is a fair average of all of the Norfolk and Portsmouth soil series of the State, which comprise by far the greater portion of the State.
In this connection we quote from the report of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station. Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., as follows:
"SOIL ANALYSIS or LITTLE VALUE IN SHOWING ]FrnaTILIZER ThIQUIREMENTS. The Chemical Department is called upon to answer hundreds of letters of inquiry in relation to agricultural chemical problems from people all over the State. In this connection it might be well to say that there is a wideSTuread idea that the chemist can analyvze a Sample of soil 'and, without further knowledge of the conditions, write out a prescription of a fertilizer which will fill the needs of that particular soil.
"The Experiment Station (toes not analyze samples of soil to determine the fertilizer requirements. There is no chemical method known that will show reliably the availability of the plant food elements present in the soil, as this is a variable factor, influenced by the kind of crop, the type of soil, the climate and biological conditions; hence, we do not recommend this method of testing soil.
"The method recommended bv the Indiana Station is the field fertilizer test or li system, in which long, narrow strips of the field to be tested are measured ofT side by side. The crop is planted uniformly over each. Different fertilizers are appllied to the different plots, every third or fourth one being left unfertilized. Th~ produce from these plots is harvested separately and weighed. In this manner the farmer can tell what fertilizer is best suited for his needs. As climatic conditions nlay influence the yield with different fertilizers, it is best to carry on such tests for more than one year before drawing definite conclusions. There is positively no easier or shorter mnethlod of testing the soil that we feei safe in recommending.
"Soil can be greatly improved by an intelligent rotation of crops, the conservation of stable manure, and the use of some kind of commercial fertilizer. Farmers need have no fear that the proper application of commercial fertilizer will injure the land."
INSTRUCTIONS TO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS.
Each package of Commercial Fertilizer, and each package of Coiiirnercial Feeding Stuff, must have, securely attached thereto, a ta g with the guaranteed analysis required by law and the stamp showing the payment of the inspector's fee. This provision of the law, Section 3 of both laws-will be rigidly enforced.
Manufacturers and dealers will be required to properly tag and stamp each package of Commercial Fertilizer or Commercial Feeding Stuff under penalty as fixed in Section 6 of both laws. Tags shall be attached to the top end of each bag, or head of each barrel.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PURCHASERS.
Purchasers are cautioned to purchase no Commercial Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuff that does not bear on each package an analysis tag with the guarantee required by law, and the stariip showing the payment of the inspector's fee. Goods not having the guarantee tag and stamp are irregular and fraudulent; the absence of the guarantee and stamp being evidence that the manufacturer or dealer has not complied with the law. Without the guarantee tag and stamp showing what the goodm are guaranteed to contain, the purchaser has no recourse against the manufacturer or dealer. Such goods are sold illegally and fraudulently, and are generally of little value. All reputable manufacturers and d alers now comply strictly with the law and regulations by placing the guarantee tag and stamp on each package.
. INSTRUCTIONS TO SHERIFFS.
The attention of Sheriffs of the various counties in called to Section 3 of both laws, defining their duties. This Department expects each Sheriff to assist in maintaining the law and protecting the citizens of the State from the imposition of fraudulent, inferior or deficient Commercial Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs.
MARKET PRICES OF CHEMICALS AND FERTH~IZING MATERIALS AT FLORIDA SEA
PORTS, JANUARY 1, 1910.
Am MONIATES.
Less than Ten tons ten tons, and over.
Nitrate of Soda, 17 per cent Ammonia. .$52.00 $51.00 Sulphate of Ammonia, 25 per cent Amnionia . 70.00 69.00
Dried Blood, 16 per cent Ammonia . 59.00 58.00
POTASH.
High Grade Sulphate of Potash, 48 per cent. Potash (K,0) . 50.00 $49.00 Low Grade Sulphate of Potash, 26 per cent Potash (K,0) .30.00 29.00
Muriate of Potash, 50 per cent. Potash (KO2). 46.00 45.00
Carbonate of Potash, 60 per cent. Potash 'jKO). 110.00 . Nitrate of Potash, 15 per cent. Ammonia, 44 per cent. Potash (1() . 90.00 89.00 Kaiuit, 12 per cent. Potash (K0) .13.00 12.00
Canada Hardwood Ashes. 4 per cent. Potash (120) .18.00 17.00
AmIMONIA AND PiiOSPH-ORc AcID.
High Grade Blood and Bone, 10 per cent. Ammonia, 5.50 per cent. Phosphioric Acid . $40.00 Blood and Bone, 8 per cent. Ammonia, 10 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . 36.00 Low Grade Blood and Bone, 6.50 per cent. Ammonia, 8 per cent. Phosphoric Acid.32.00
Raw Bone, 4 per cent. Ammonia, 22 per cent. Phosphoric Acid .34.00 Ground Castor Pomace, 5.50 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent Phosphoric Acid 26.00 Brighit Cotton Seed Meal, 7.50 per cent. Amnmonia. . 34.00 Dark Cotton Seed Meal, 4.50 per cent. Ammonia . 30.00
f39.00 35.00 31.00 33.00 25.00 33.00
29.00
PHIOSPHORIC ACID.
High Grade Acid Phosphate, 16 per
cent. Available Phosphoric Acid .15.00 *14. 00 Acid Phosphate, 14 per cent. Available
Phosphoric Acid . 14.00 13.00 Bone Black, 1T per cent. Available
Phosphoric Acid. 25.00 24.00 Odorless Phosphate, 14 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid .25.00 24.00
MISCELLANEOUS.
High Grade Ground Tobacco Stems,
2 per cent. Ammonia, 8 per cent.
Potash (K,0). 22.00 21.00
High Grade Kentucky Tobacco Stems,
2.50 per cent. Ammonia, 10 per cent.
Potash (KO2) . 25.00 24.00
Tobacco Dust, No. 1, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent. Potash (K,0) . . 25.00 -24.00 Cut Tobacco Stems, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 4 per cent. Potash (1(20) . . 20.00 19.00 Dark Tobacco Stems, baled, 2 per cent.
Ammonia, 4 per cent. Potash (K,0). . 19.00 18.00 Land Plaster . 12.00 11.00
The charges by reputable manufactu1rers for mixing and bagging any special or regular formula are $1.50 per ton in excess of above prices.
NEW YORK WHOLESALE PRICES, CURRENT JAN.
1, 1910-FERTILIZER MATERIALS.
AMMONIATES.
Ammonia, sulphate, foreign, prompt,
per 100 pounds. $2. 65 @
futures .2.65 @
Ammonia, snip., domestic, spot .2. 6 7 .,@futures .2.651/@
Fish scrap, dried, 11 per cent. ammonia
and 14 per cent, bone phosphate, f. o.
b. fish works, per unit . 2.85 & 10
wet, acidulated, 6 per cent.
ammonia, 3 per cent. phosphoric acid, f. o. b. fish works 2.35 & 35 Ground fish guano, imported, 10 and
11 per cent, ammonia and 15-17 per cent, bone phosphate, c. i. f. -N. Y.,
Balto. or Phula . 3.00 & 10
Tankage, 11 per cent, and 15 per cent.
f. o. b. Chicago .2.75 @2. 80&10 Tankage, concentrated, f. o. b. Chicago,
14 to 15 per cent., b. Chicago . 2.75 @ Garbage, tankage, f. o. b. Chicago .8.00 @ Sheep manure, concentrated, f. o. b.
Chicago, per ton .9.50 @
Hoofmeal, f. o. b. Chicago, per unit . 2.55 @ D~ried blood, 12-13 per cent, ammonia,
f. o. b. New York . 2.95 @
Chicago . 2.90 @
Nitrate of soda, 95 per cent spot, per
100 pounds .@ 2.10
futures, 95 per cent .- @ 2.10
PHOSPHATES.
Acid phosphate, per unit .$ .55 @ .60 Bones, rough, hard, per ton . 20.50 @ 21.50
soft steamed unground .18.50 @ 21.00
ground, steamed, 1 1-4 per
cent, ammonia and 60 per
cent. bone phosphate . 19.00 @ 19.50
ditto, 3 and 50 per cent.22.50 @ 22.50
raw ground, 4 per cent, ammonia and 50 per cent, bone
phosphate . .26.00 South Carolina Phosphate rock, undried, per 2,400) lbs., f. o. b. Ashley
River .5.50 South Carolina Ph1osphlatie rck
hot air dried, f. o. b. Ashley River 7.00 Florida land pebble phosphate rock,
68 per cent., f. o. b. Port Tampa, 3.75 Florida high grade phosphate hard
rock, 77 per cent., f. o. b. Florida
or Georgia ports .7 Tennessee phosphate rock, f. o. b., Mt.
Pleasant, domestic, per ton, 78(_i80
per cent . 5.00 75 per cent, guaranteed . 4.75 68@72 per cent . 4.25
@ 27.00
5.75 7.25
4.00
@ 7.50
Th 5.50 @ 5.00 @ 4.50
POTASH ES.
Muriate potash, basis 80 per cent, per
100 pounds. $ 1.90 @ Manure salt, 20 per cent, actual potash 14.75 @
double man-Lre salIt, 48 per cent. . . 1. 161/2 @ Sulphate potash (basis 90 per cent) . 2.18/2@ Kainit, in bulk,, 2,240 pounds . 8.50 @
STATE VALUATIONS.
For Available and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, Ammonia
and Potash for the Season of 1910.
Available Phosphoric Acid .5 cents a pound Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .1 cent a pound Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) .16 cents a pound Potash (as actual potash, K.0) .51 cents a pound
If calculated by unitsAvailable Phosphoric Acid .$1.00 per unit Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .20 c. per unit Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) . . $3.20 per unit Potash . 1.10 per unit
With a uniform allowance of $1.50 per ton for mixing and bagging.
A unit is twenty pounds, or 1 per cent, in a ton. We find this to be the easiest and quickest method for calculating the value of fertilizer. To illustrate this, take for example a fertilizer which analyzes as follows: Available Phosphoric Acid. .6.22 per cent.x$1.00-$4 6.22 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid. . .1.50 per cent.x .20- .30 Ammonia .42 per cent.x 3.20- 10.94 Potash.*'7.23 per cent.x 1.10- 7.95 Mixing and Bagging . - 1.50
Commercial value at seaports. $26.91
Or a fertilizer analyzing as follows:
Available Phosphoric Acid . .8 per cent.x$1.00-$ 8.00 Ammonia.2 per cent.x 3.20- 6.40 Potash. :.2 per cent.x 1.10- 2.20 Mixing and Baggring . 1.50
Commercial value at seaports. $18.10
The above valuations are for cash for materials delivered at Florida seaports, and they can be bought in oneton lots at these prices at the date of issuing this Bulletin. Where fertilizers are bought at interior points, the additional freight to that point must be added.
If purchased in carload lots for cash, a reduction of ten per cent. can be made in above valuations, i. e.:
Available Phosphoric Acid . 90 cents per unit Potash (KO) . 99 cents per unit Ammonia (or equivalent in nitrogen) . .$2.88 per unit
The valuations and market prices in preceding illustrations are based on market prices for one-ton lots.
STATE VALUES.
It is not intended by the "State valuation" to fix the price or commercial value of a given brand. The "State values" are the market prices for the various approved chemicals and materials used in mixing or manufacturing commercial fertilizers or commercial stock feed at the date of issuing a Bulletin, or the opening of the "season." They may, but seldom do, vary from the market prices, and are made liberal to meet any slight advance or decline.
They are compiled from price lists and commercial reports by reputable dealers and journals.
The question is frequently asked: "What is 'Smith's Fruit and Vine' worth per ton?" Such a question cannot be answered categorically. By analysis, the ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash may be determined, and the inquirer informed what the cost of the necessary material to compound a ton of goods similar to "Smith's Fruit and Vine" would be, using none but accepted and well known materials of the best quality.
State values do not consider "trade secrets," loss on bad bills, cost of advertisements and expenses of collections. The "State value" is simply that price at whielt the various ingredients necessary to use in compounding a fertilizer, or feed, can be purchased for cash in ton lots at Florida seaports.
These price lists in one and ten-ton lots are published in this report, with the "State values" for 1910 deducted therefrom.
77
COMPOSITION OF FERTILIZER MATERIALS.
NITROGENOUS MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER lJNDRED
Ammonia Plosphoric
mll nil cid
Potash
Nitrate of Soda . Sulphate of Ammonia. Dried Blood . Concentrated Tankage . Bone Tankage . Dried Fish Scrap. Cotton Seed MIdeal. Hoof Meal .
17 to 21 to 12 to 12 to 6 to 8 to 7 to 13 to
19 . . .
24 .
17 1 to . .
- 4 * * t * .ito
9 10 to 15 .
11 6 to 8 .
10 2 to 3 13 to 2
171 1 to 2 .
PHOSPHATE MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Available Insoluble Ammonia Phos. Acid Phosphoric
, .Acid
Florida Pebble Phosphate. . . 26 to 32 Florida Ro'kl Phosphate. . . 33 to 35 Florida Super Phosphate. . 14 to 45 1 to 35
Ground Bone . 3 to 6 5 to 81 15 to 17
Steamed Bone . 3 to 4 6 to 91 10 to 20
Dissolved Bone . 2 to 4 13 to 151 2 to 3
POTASH MATERIALS AND FARM MANURES.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
A tn Ammoia Phosphoric Potash Amonia i Lim
Muriate of Potash. 50
Suli hate of Fotash. 48 to 52 Carbonate of Potash . 55 to 60 Nitrate of Potash. 40 to 44 Double Sul. of Pot. & Mag. 26 to 30 Kainit . 12 to 128 Sylvinit . 16.L to 20 Cotton Seed Hull Ashes. 15 to 30 Wood Ashes, unleached. 2 to 8 Wood Ashes, leached. 1 to 2
Tobacco Stems . 5 to 8 Cow Manure (fresh) . 0.40 Horse Manure (fresh). 0.53
Sheep Manure (fresh). 0.07
Hog Manure (fresh) . 0.00
Hen Dung (fresh).I 0.,5
Mixed Stable Manure. 0.63
1 2 t .o .1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 7 to 9 10
. I to 2 . . I to 1 35 to 40
2 to 4 . o to 0.41 0.16 0.31
0 to0.60 0.28 0.31
1.00 0.23 0.33
0.55 0.19 0.08
2.07 1.54 0.24
0.76 0.26 0.70
FACTORS FOR CONVERSION.
To convertAmmonia into nitrogen, multiply by . 0.824 Ammonia into protein, multiply by . 5.15 Nitrogen into ammonia, multiply by . 1.214 Nitrate of soda into nitrogen, multiply by . 0.1647 Nitrogen into protein, multiply by . 6.25 Bone phosphate into phosphoric acid, multiply by 0.458 Phosphoric acid into bone phosphate, multiply by 2.184 Muriate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.632 Actual potash into muriate of potash, multLiply by 1.583 Sulphate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.541 Actual potash into sulphate of potash, multiply by 1.85 )Witrate of potash into notrogen, multiply by .0.139 Carbonate of potash into actual potash,multiply by 0.681 Actual potash into carbonate of potash,multiply by 1.466 Chlorine, in "kainit," multiply potash (K,0) by. 2.33
For instance, you buy 95 per cent. of nitrate of soda and want to know how much nitrogen is in it. multiply 95 per cent, by 0.1647, you will get 15.65 per cent. nitrogen; you want to know how much ammonia this nitrogen in equivalent to, then multiply 15.65 per cent, by 1.214 and you gei 18.99 per cent., the equivalent in ammonia.
Or. to convert 90 per cent. carbonate of potash into actual potash (K,0), multiply 90 by 0.681, equals 61.29 per cent, actual potash (KO).
SPECIAL SAMPLES.
It is shown by the number of "Special Samples" (those sent in direct by the purchaser of fertilizers or feeds) that the law is becoming more generally understood by the farmer, fruit and veget able grower. Purchasers who have any reason to doubt the correctness of the guarantee on the goods furnished them, should not hesitate to send in samples for an analysis.
This right to have a sample of the goods purchased analyzed by the State Chemist, under Section 9 of the
law - without charge - the inspection fees covering the cost of analysis, as well as inspection-has doubtless had a direct influence upon the increased quality of the goods sold in the State. When properly drawn, sealed, witnessed and transmitted, the "Special Sample" has proved a safeguard to the consumer, legitimate dealer and manufacturer, and a check upon the careless, ignorant, or fraudulent vendor or manufacturer.
It furnishes the consumer with the same protection demanded by the manufacturer, who buys his materials only upon the guarantee, and pays for Mem according to analysis.
By far the largest amount of commercial fertilizers used in Florida are manufactured or mixed by factories in the State. Large amounts of fertilizing materials are imported direct by factories and dealers located at our seaport cities; cargoes of potash salts direct from Germany are now frequently received by Florida importers, while large amounts of acid phosphate are manufactured at and exported from the various Gulf and Atlantic ports,
Florida consumers may now purchase their fertilizers and chemicals at Florida seaports as cheaply as at any of the seaports of the country.
Tables of the average composition of feeds and fertilizer materials will be found in this Bulletin. The consumer should consult them, compare the guarantee tag therewith, and if doubtful of the truthfulness of the i ,
guarantee, " send a "Special Sample" in a tin can to the Commissioner of Agriculture for analysis, as directed in regulations governing the taking and sending of special samples-on another page.
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL
FEEl STUFFS.
NAME OF FEED
Bright Cott'n Seed Meal Dark Cotton Seed Meal Linseed Meal, old
process.
Linseed Meal, new process . Wheat Bran . Wheat Middlings . Mixed Feed (Wheat). Ship Stuff (Wheat). Corn (grain). Corn Meal. Corn Cobs . Corn and Cob Meal . Hominy Feed . Corn and oats, equal
p~arts.
Corn and Oat Feeds. Barley (grain). Barley Spront,. Barley and Oats, equal
parts . .
9.35
20.00 7.50
8.40
9.00
5.40 7.80
5.60
2.10 1.90 30.10
6.60
4.05 5.70
12.10 2.70 10.90
6.10
39.70 28.60 22.90 37.10
35.70
36.10
15.40 15.40 16.90
14.60 10.50 9.70
2.40
8.50 10.50 10.50 8.70
12.40) 27.20
36.00 36.70 53.90
59.40 54.40 59.80
.69.60 68.70
54.90 64.80
65.30
64.20 61.70 69.80
42.70
12.10 64.75
7.80
5.50 7.20 3.60
4.00 4.10 4.80 5.00
5.40
3.80 0.50 3.50 7.85
4.40 3.70 1.80 1.60
5.80 5.00 5.30 5.20 5.80 3.20 5.30 3.70 1.50
1.40 1.40 1.50 2.55
2.20 3.20
2.40 6.30 2.70
81
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS- (C(onbiiniu'd.)
NAME OF FEED. .
Oats (grain).9.50 11.80 59.70 5.00 3.00
Oat Feed .0.10 16.00 59.40 7.10 3.70 Rice (grain).0.20 7.40 79.20 0.40 0.40 Ricm Bran .9.50 12.10 49.90 8.80 10.00 Rice Hulls . 35.70 3.60 38.60 0.70 13.20 Rye (grain) .1.70 10.60 72.50 1.70 1.90 Rye Bran .3.50 14.70 63.80 2.80 3.60
Wheat (grain).1.80 11.90 71.90 2.10 1.80
Cow Pea .4.10 20.80 55.70 1.40 3.20
Cow Ilea Hray .20.10) 16.60 42.20 2.20 7.50 Velvet Beans and Hulls 9.20 19.70 51.30 4.50 3.30 Velvet Bean Hay .29.70 14.70 41.00 1.70 5.70
Beggarweed Hay .24.70 21.70 30.20 2.30 10.90
Wire Grass Hay .31.80 5.50 48.60 1.50 3.80 Cotton Seed (whole) 23.20 18.40 24.70 19.90 3.50 Cotton Seed Hulls .44.40 4.00 36.60 2.00 2.60
Gluten Feed . .5.30 24.00 51.20 10.60 1.10 Beef Scrap.44.70 3.28 14.75 29.20
G-Bul.
COMMERCIAL STATE VALUES OF FEEDSTUFFS FOR 1910.
For the season of 1910 the following "State values" are fixed as a guide to purcliiers.
These values are based on the current price of corn, which has been chosen as a standard in fixing- the coininercial values; the price of corn, to a large extent, governing the price of other feeds, pork, beef, etc.:
COMMERCIAL VALUES OF FEEDSTUFrS FOR 1910.
Protein, 3j cents per pound . 5 cents per unit Starch and Sugar, 11 cents per pound. .30 cents per unit Fats, 31 cents per pound .65 cents per unit
A unit being 20 pounds (1 per cent) of a ton.
Indian corn being the standard @ $31.00 per ton.
To find, the commercial State value, multiply the peroentages by the price per unit.
EXAMPLE NO. 1.
HOMINY FEEDProtein . 10.50 x 65c, $ 6.83 Starch and Sugar .65.30 x 30c, 19.59 Fat. 7.85 x 65c, 5.10
State value per ton .$31.52
EXAMPLE No. 2.
CORN
Protein . 10.50 x 65e, $ 6.83 Starch and Sugar .69.60 x 30c, 20.88 Fat . 5.40 x 65c, 3.51
State value per ton . llt1.22
FORMULAS.
There are frequent inquiries for f various
crops; there are hundreds of sncl.h i bished;
and while there are hundreds of "'Bi-ands" e variations in these grades are surprisingly little. Dozens of "Brands" put up by the same manufacturer are identical goods, the only difference being in ihe name printed on the tag or sack. A good general Formula for field or garden might be called a "Vegetable Formula," and would have the following: Ammonia 34 per cent, available phosphoric acid 6 per cent, and potash 7 per cent. The following formulas will furnish the necessary plant food in about the above proportion. I have purposely avoided the use of any fraction of 100 pounds in these formulas to simplify them. Values are taken from price lists furnished by the trade, which we published in our Report of January 1, 1910.
For Cotton, Corn, Sweet Potatoes, and Vegetables: Ammonia 3j per cent, available phosphoric acid 6j percent, potash 7j per cent.
(A) "VEGETABLE."
No. 1.
Per Cent.
900 pounds of Cotton Seed Meal (7j-21-11) . 3.25 Ammonia 800 pounds of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent) . 6.40 Available 300 pounds of Muriate (or Sulphate) (50 per cent) 7.50 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $26.55
Plant Food per ton . 343 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
1000 lbs of Blood and Bone (6-8) . . 3.25 Ammonia 400 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent). 7.00 Available 600 lbs of Low Grade Sulp. Pot. (26 per cent). J 7.80 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $27.48
Plant Food per ton . 360 pounds
No. 3.
Per Cent.
80, lbs of Dried elood (16 per cent).1 3.25 Ammonia 100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent) . .8.00 Available 1000 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent) . 7.80 Potash 600 lbs of Low Grade Silp. Pot. (26 per cent).
2000
Slate value mixed and bagged . $28.48
Plant Food per Ion . 381 pounds
B) " FEUIT AND VINE."
No. 1.
Fruits, Melons, Strawberries, Irish Potatoes: Ammonia 4 per cent., Available Phosphorie Acid 7 per cent., Potash 10 per cent.
Per Cent.
100 lbs of Blood and Bone (62-8) . 100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent) . 1 4 Ammonia 500 lbs of Acid Pbospbate (16 per cent) . 8 Available 400 lbs of Muriate of Potash (50 per cent) . J 10 Potash
2000
State valiie aixed and bagged . $33.30
Plant Food per ion . 440 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
500 lbs of Caslor Pomace (G--2 per cent) . 4.00 Ammonia 200 lbs of Sip. of Am. (25 per cent) . 7.70 Available 900 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent) . 9.60 Potash 400 lbs of Sulp. of Pot. (48 per cent) .
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $32.56
Plant Food per ton . 426 pounds
No. 3.
500 lbs of Cotton Seed Meal (7-2j1) . 100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent). 3.97 Ammonia 100 lbs of Sulp. of Am. (25 per cent) 8.30 Available
900 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent).::::::: 8.97 Potash 400 lbs of Sulp. of Potash (48 per cent) .
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $32.18
Plant Food per ton . 425 pounds
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FERTILIZER SECTION.
R. E. RosE, State Chemist. SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 9, Act Approved
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND.,
2
o .0c-
0
0
0
BY WHOM SENT.
Fertilizer . 2308 8 4 4.26 2.55 Fertilizer . 12309 11.511 10.26 0.12 Aci Phosphate No. 1. 310 . 15.431 0.55 Fertilizer No. 2. 211 10.42 7.18 0.70 Fertilizer No. 3 . 312 11.r1 S.0 0.38 Fertilizer No. 1 (10-3-3). 23131 9.58 10.42 0.51 Fertilizer No. 2 (10-2-2). 214 i0.90 9.S6 0.42 Fertilizer No. (6-6-2). 23151 9.96 6.07 0.42 Fertilizer No. 4 (10-0-4). 2316' 9.701 9.82 0.79 Raw Bone . . 2317 . . . Fertilizer . 2318 6.39 14.84 ,.01! Fertilizer . . . 2319 14.13 7.10 0.50i Fertilizer No. 1. 2320. 10.88 4.50 Fertilizer No. 2. 2321 . 10.81 4.40 Fertilizer No. 1. 2322 8.901 7.96[ 1.86
6.81 4.21 10.22 10.28 2.45 1.74 15.98 . .
7.88 . . 4.88 S.72 1.6 2.4
10.94 .72' 3.C1i 10.2 2S.51 2.771 6.49 5.48 3.06 10.62 . 4.38 23.571 .61 . 14.85! :;.94! 12.411 7.601 3.64 10.221 15.381 4.42 4.40! 10.211 4.22' 4.30! 9.821 5.17[ 7.12!
C. B. Morrow, Crescent City, Fla. A. F. Moore, Hester, Fla. A. N. Kehliey, Holt, Fla. A. N. Kelley, IHol, Fla. A. N. Kelley, Holt. Fain. Bristol Bargain Store, Bristol, Fla. Bristoi Bargain Store, Bristol, Fla. Bristol Bargain St:ore, Bristol, Fla. Bristol Bargain Store, Bristol, Fla. A. L. Beck. Orlando, Fla. J. V. Wright, DeLand, Fla. H. A. Perry, Pomona, Fla. 1Milton Cash Store, Milton, Fla. Milton Cash Store, Milton, Fla. Armour Fertz. Wks.,Jacksonville,Fla.
L. HEIMBUBGER, Assistant Chemist. May 22, 1901.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND.
-3
Fertilizer No. 2. 323 j ertiliz r No. . 2324 Fertilizer N,). 4. 2325 Fertilizer No. 5. 2826 Fertilizer No. 1. 2,,27 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2328 Fertilizer No. 3 . 2329 Fertilizer No. 10. 2330 Fertilizer No. 20. 2331 Fertilizer No. 30 . 2332 Fertilizer . 2333 Fertilizer . 2334 Fertilizer . . 2335 Fertilizer . 2336 fertilizer . 2337 Blood and Bone. 2338 Fish Scrap No. 1. 2339
Fish Scrap No. 2. 2340
Co
0
9.58 8.82
8.94 5.40 7.54
8.35
3.85
13.13
5.35
6.78
13.68
10.64
Cd
I
Cd
7.21 1.43 6.37 0.661
6.54 0.70 8.34 0.25 6.25 0.45, 6.70 1.76 . .
9.44 0.22 9.94 0.23 9.76 0.31 6.68 0.28 8.44 0.73 5. 95 1.37. . 5.95 1.37 . . .
. . .
. . .
. .
0
8.64 7.03 7.24 8.59 6.70 8.46 14.11 9.66 10.17 10.07 6.96 9.17 11.88 7.32
1.41 3.19
12.92
13.58
BY WHOM SENT.
Armour Fertz. Wks.,Jacksonville Fla. Armour Fertz. Wks.,Jacksonville Fla. Armour Fertz. Wks.,Jacksonville Fla. Armour Fertz. Wks.,Jacksonville Fla. K. Richardson, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. 7 K. Richardson, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. K. Richardson, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. A. D. Campbell, Chipley, Fla. A. D. Campbell, Chipley, Fla. A. D. Campbell, Chipley, Fla. H. A. Perry, Pomona, Fla. B. E. MeLin, Tallahassee, Fla. J. G. May, Ft. Piere, Fla. J. R. Williams, Citra, Fla. C. F. Wolf, Jensen, Fla. Jno. H. Blake, Tampa. Fla. Pensacola Rendering Co., Pensacola, Fla.
Pensacola Rendering Co., Pensacola. Fla.
4.10 5.95 2.4s 11.27
3.23 10.061 4.28 12.11 4.15 6.42 4.27 9.87i 9.39 2.831
3.25 3.031 2.19 6.54 2.55 5.32
2.73 13.01 2.78 6.08S 6.95 4.50 4.51 4.45
5.79 7.76 10.32 . 8.55 .
10.03 .
Dried Blood (N. Y. C. & H. R. 2341 No. 91406)
Fertilizer . 2342 . Fertilizer No. 1 . 2343 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2344 Fertilizer No. 3. 2345 Fertilizer No. 4 . 2346 Fish Scrap . 2347 16 Fertilizer (Tankage) . 2348 Fertilizer (C. M. Spec. E. T.) 2349
Fertilizer (C. Al. Spec. Y. Y.) 2350
K ainit . 2351 Fertilizer . 2352 Fertilizer . 2353 Cotton Seed Mdal . 2354 A shes . 2355
.67 .59
8.12 .72 6.66
7.3l6 7.08
10.48 0.26 7. 291 0.83 6.70 0.3O
7.14 0.71 6.87 0.63
5.44 2.31
6.56 2.42
2.35 3.28 6.04 5.93
10.74 8 .12
7.00 7.85 7.50
1[.64 13.25 7.75
8.98
5.63 11 .97
15.38 .
1.8u 2.00, 4.73 6.51'
4.92 6.11 2.98 4.361 2.88 4.05[ 8.67 . 2.60 . 3.13 11.13
3.83 7.41
. 12.31 7.20 4.64 3.60 8.57 7.65 . . 3.43
E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
A. J. Strickland, Caryville, Fla. T. Gaskins, Arcadia, Fla. T. Gaskins, Arcadia, Fla. T. Gaskins, Arcadia, Fla. T. Gaskins, Arcadia, Fla. T. R. Parker. Pensacola, Fla. Howard & Kennedy, Terra Ceia, Fa. Independent Fertz. Co., Jacksonville,
Fla.
Independent Fertz. Co., Jacksonville,
Fla.
Jno. H. Blake, Tampa, Fla. C. S. Bixby, Ft. Pierce, Fla. Lewis, Coon & Platt, Cathaleen, Fla. WV. L. Thonpson, Lakeland, Fla. -i The Gulf Fetz. Co., Tampa, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FERTILIZER SECTION.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. OFFICIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910. L. HEIMBURGER, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by State Chemist Under Sections 1 and 2, Act Approved May 22, 1905.
NAME, OR BRAND.
Cane and Corn Special. 15011 Guairant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Tomato Special . 1502 Guarant'd Analysi.
Official Analysis.
Special Fruit and Vine. 1503 Guarant'd Analysis IOfficial Analysis.
Armour's Fruit and Vine. 1504 !Guarant' Analysis Official Analysis.
Armour's Blood, Bone and 1505 Guarant'd Analysis Polash . Official Analysis.
Mapes Orange Tree Ma-11506 Guarant'd Analysis nur e .I Official Analysis.
8.00 7.83
8.001 10.23
8.00' 7.071
10.001 6.80
10. 0
12.001 12. 4 I 12 SI
Phosphoric Acid.
6.00 1 .00 7.00 7.06 1.30 8.36 5.00 n .0 .
6.52 0.88S 7.40 6.00 1.00 7.00 C.70 0.25 6.95 6.001 1.00 . C.25 1.2S 7.53
8.00I 1.00 . 7.55 2.26 10.21 6,n0i 2.001 . .S4 1.S3 1 11.11
3.0
4.0 4.6a 3.0(
2.50 2.6 5.00
5.05 4.00 4.32
BY WHOM AND WHERE
MANUFACTURED.
0
0' 5.00'The Gulf Fertilizer Co.
5.88 Tampa, Fla.
0 .0 The Gulf Fertilizer Co.
S.77Tampa, Fla.
0I 13.00 Thbe Gulf Fertilizer Co., 5i 14.311 Tampa. Fla.
01 11.00 The Armour Fertz Wks, S; 11.07i Jacksonville, Fla.
7.00 The Armour Feriz.Wks.,
7.311 Jacksonville, Fla.
3.00 The Mapes Formul:a and 2 3.76: Peruvian Guano Co.,
New York, N. Y.
Armour's Watermelon Spe- 1507 Guarant'd Analysis cial . Official Analy sis. lettunce Special . 1508 Guarant'd An:ilysis Official Analysis.
II. G. Sulfate of Potash . Tampa Fruiter . Irish Potato . Germfert Vegetable . One Third Mixture. Cane Special . Germofert Orange Tree
Grower . Corn Special Fertilizer. Germofert Fruit and Vine.
1509 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1510 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1511 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1512 Gunrant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1513 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1514 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1515 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1516 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1517 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis. I
10.00 5.00 1.001. 7.08 5.32 1.41! 6.77 10.00 3.00 2.00 . 13.60 3.21 1.051 4.29
5 .00 . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.00 6.00 1.00 . 5.04 6.56 2.58 9.14
8.00 6.00 2.00! . 5.81 10.97 0.5 11.50
5.00 5.00! 7.00 . 6.42 3.2D 9.34 12.62
8.00 6.50 1.00 .
7.45 6.6;2 0.57 7.19
8.00 6.001 2.00' . 5.96 5.89' 6.26 12.151
5.00 3.00 9.00 . 4.57 3.22 10.35 13.57
10.001 8.00 1.00 . 8.46' 7.75 3.49 11.241
5.00 3.00 9.00 12.00 3.7. 2.78 9.32 12.10
3.00
3.30 7.00 6.19
4.00 4.18
4.00 4 . 48
4.00
4.08
2.501 3.27
5.001 4.78
4.00 4.50
2.00 1.97
2.00 2.98
8.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks.,
8.74 Jacksonville, Fla.
4.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks.
4.291 Jacksonville, Fla.
I
50.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks., 50.40 Jacksonville, Fla.
12.00 The Tampa Fertilizer 13.79 Co., Tampa, Fla.
I
8.00 The Tampa Fertilizer
9.21 Co., Tampa, Fla.
I
6.00Thn Tampa Fertilizer
5.891 Co., Tampa, Fla. a
4.50[The Tampa Fertilizer
5.4.3 Co., Tampa Fla.
1
4.00! The Tampa Fertilizer
6.131 Co., Tampa, Fla.
I
5.00 1The Tampa Fertilizer
6.6231 Co., Tampa, Fla.
I
3.00 The Tampa Fertilizer
3.32 Co., Tampa, Fla.
12.00 The Tampa Fertilizer 13.61 Co., Tampa, Fla.
OFFICIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910.-Continued.
NAME, OR BRAND. -Cd 0
Germofert Corn Special. 1518 Guarant'd Analysis 5.00 Official Analysis. 3.89
Acid Phosphote . 1519 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis.
German Kainit . 1520 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis.
Ideal Tomato Special. 1521 Guarant'd Analysis 8.00 Official Analysis. 9.41
Spec. Mix. for Cowpen'd or 1522 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 over-Anmmoniated Trees. Official Analysis. 3.79
Ideal Lettuce Fertilizer. 1523 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 Official Analysis. 8.17
No. 1 Peruvian & Fish Gu- 1524 Guarant'd Analysis 12.00 ano Mixture . Official Analysis. 5.64
Phosphoric Acid.
-00
3.00 9.00 12.00 2.00 3.671 12.71 16.38 2.O91 16 . 0 . . . 17.63 0.38 18.01 .
. . . .
6.961 3.30 10.261. 6.00 . 6.00o
6.60 2.28 8.SS 5.80 5.00 1.001 . 4.00 5.75 1.33 7.08 4.59
BY WHOM AND WHERE
MANUFACTURED.
3.00The Tampa Fertiliz'i
3.761 Co., Tamllpa, Fla.
. The Tampa Fertilizer . Co., Tampa, Fla.
12.00 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 12.47 Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
5.00\ Wilson & Toomer Fortz. 6.01 Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 13.00 WVilson & Toomer Fertz. 13.881 Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
6.00 Wilson & Toomer Fetz. 5.86 Co., ,iacksonville, Fla.
5.00 Fla. Fertz. Co. Branch,
4.05 Gainesville, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION.
R. E. ROSE. State Chemist. SPECIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910. E. PECK GREENE, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 9, Act Approved May 24th, 1905.
P
0 .
NAME, OR BRAND. f BY WHOM SENT.
.0 0 Cd Z .
cez - &- _ -02
.2 Z = 0- 2 Cr.
IIT.
Oats . 138 11.7810.71 57.16 3.57 3.03 A. S. Carr, W ilma, Fla. Beggarweed Hay . 129 24.07121.63135.0S 4.04 3.94 P. H. Fellows, DeFuniak Springs, Fla. Giant Millet . 140 2.28 11.55 67.59 5.15 1.32 W . E. Jaques, Jacksonville, Fla. Pure Wheat Bran . 141 0.76 14.48 53.56 3.53 6.84 N. C. Bryan, Kissimmee, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION.
R. E. ROSE. State Chemist. OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910. E. PECK GREENE, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by State Chemist and State Inspector Under Sections 1, 2 and 13, Act Approved May 24th, 1905.
NAME, OR BRAND. NAME AND ADDRESS OF
NAME, OR RAND MANUFACTURERS.
Cottllon Seed Meal . 989 Guarant'd Analysis 7.00 S.02 24.00 9.001 . J. Lindsay Wells Co., Memphis, Official Analysis. 10.44 39.09 2S.73 8.89 4.89 Tenn. Cracker Mule Feed. 990 Cuarant'd Analysis 12.00 10.00 58.00 3.50 . The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, OfficialAnalysis. 12.60 11.32 5S.98 2.00 3.02 Ill. Wheat Mildlings . 991 Guarant'd Analysis 8.00' 17.00 50.00 5.00 . W. A. Coombs Milling Co., Cold Official Analyis . 10.52 16.85 4.9.0.5 4.98 5.00 Water, Mich. Choice riann . 992 Guarant'd Analysis 9.501 11.95 52.25 5.35 . Hecer - Jones -Jewell Milling Official Analysis. 11.27 1i.48 51.90 4.501 6.22 Co., New York. !'ine Leaf Middlings. 993 Guarant'd Analysis 6.10 15.75 57.95 4.201 4.10ICairo Miling Co., Cairo, Ill.
Official Analysis. 6.03 17.25 55. 50 4.45 5.1 4 Pllre Whe.at Braqn . 994 Guarant'd Analysis 9.501 14.50 50.00 4.001 . Liberty Mills. Nashville, Tenn.
Official Analysis. 10 .6' 14.92 51. 6 .77 T ;.2
Wheat Middlings . Sucrene Dairy Feed. Pure Wheat Middlings. Ground Corn and Oats. Maizefalfa Feed . Purina Feed . Creamo Dairy Feed. Stafolife Feed . Cotton Seed Meal. Excelsior Chop Feed.
Pure Wheat Middlings. 1005
995 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
996 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
997 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis. 998 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
999 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
1000 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
8. 00 10.6
12.00 8.60
7.00 10.00 5.80 4.65
11.00 11.35
8.90 9.92
19.50 24.83
12.75 15.48
11.08
11.00 9.85
7.00 10.89
17.00 17.20
16.50
17.81
16.00
16.35 10.75 10.75
10.00 10.44
12.50 11.67
14.50 14.35
11.00 10.27
38.52 37.64
6.00
8.34
16.00 17.11
45.00 41.65
53.00 49.15
50.00 48.04
46.00 49.8
56. 00 52.9U 65.00 64.70
60.00 59.81
58.00 59.52
. . . Florida Cotton Oil Co., Jack28.32 7.50 5.39 sonville, Fla.
60.00 3.50 . The Great Western Cereal Co., 62.17 5.06 3.02 Chicago, Ill.
56.00 4.00 . National Feed Co., St. Louis, 49.28 5.36, 4.52 Mo.
5.00 . W. A. Coombs Milling Co., Cold
5.21 540 Water, Mich.
3.50 . Amierican Milling Co., Chicago,
3.60 9.11 Ill.
4.00 . Natiumnal Feed Co., St. Louis,
4.93 4.67 Mo.
5.15 . Baker & Holmnes Co., Jackson.
5.63 2.30 viile. Fla.
1
4.00 . The Grat Western Cereal Co.,
4.15 3.90 Chicago, Ill.
4.00 . Ralston Porina Co., St. Louis.
4.45 3.031 Me.
5.00 . The Corno Mills Co., St. Louis,
4.02 5.05 Mo.
6.00 . Lawrence & Hamilton Co.,
5.42 9.32 New Orleans. La.
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
4- 0
NAME, OR BRAND. 8 00 I Z
0 0
1.3
I
h.
5.'
NAME AND ADDRESS OF
MANUFACTURERS.
Pure Wheat Bran. 1006 Cotton Seed Meal. 1007 Cotton Seed Meal. 1008 Durham Brand, C. S. M. 1009 "Arab" Horse Feed. 1010 Star Middlings . 1011 Action Horse Feed. 1012 Wheat Middlings . 1013
Guarant'd Analysis 9.501 Official Analysis. 8.211
Guarant'd Analysis . Official Analysis. 10.52
Guarant'd Analysis . Official Analysis. 13.87
Guarant'd Analysis . Official Analysis. 21.04
SGuarant'd Analysis 15.00 Official Analysis. 11.73
Guarant'd Analysis 8.00 Official Analysis. 8.32
Guarant'd Analysis . I Official Analysis. 18.90
SGuarant'd Analysis 8.50 Official Analysis. 8.25
14.50 14.65
38.62 38.79
38.62 38.17
25.75 25.27
9.00 10.27
15.00 16.50
11.50 14.92
14.50 15.09
54.00 5.00 . Tennessee Mill Co., Estill 53.49 4.03 6.13 Springs, Tenn.
. . . Montezuma Mfg. Co., Mont 24.38 7.95 8.23 zuma, Ga.
. . . Camilla Cotton Oil and Fertil 24.38 7.08 5.62 zer Co., Camilla, Ga.
. . . Florida Colton Oil Cn, Jack26.83 8.05 2.92' sonville, Fla.
59.00 2.00 . M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha. 69.68 2.38 4.52 Neb.
54.00 4.00 . Star and Crescent Milling Co. 55.80 5.54 2.47! thicago, Ill.
53.60 4.20 . ICommonwealth Feed Mill- Co., 47.59 3.02 4.65: St. Louis, Mo.
45.00 5.10 5.50|Hubbard Milling Co., Mankato, 53.83 5.88 5.731 Minn.
Pure Wheat Middlings. 1014'Guarant'd Analysis 5.18 Official Analysis. 4.98
Peck's Mule Feed. 1015 Guarant'd Analysis 11.90 'Official Analysis. 14.05
Blue Ribbon Feed. 1016 Guarant'd Analysis 10.50 | OfficialAnalysis. 10.91
Wheat Bran . 1017 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 Official Analysis. 7.65
Pure Wheat Bran . 1018 Guarant'd Analysis 9.501 Official Analysis. 8.021
Cotton Seed Meal . 1019 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis. 11.76
Cotton Seed Meal . 1020 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis. 14.17
Schumacher Special Horse 1021 Guarant'd Analysis 8.00 Feed . Official Analysis. 7.66
Choice Bran . 1022 Guarant'd Analysis 9.50 Official Analysis. 11.34
Corno Horse & Mule Feed[1023 Guarant'd Analysis 12.00 Official Analysis. 11.31
Hammond Dairy Feed . 1024 Guarsant'd Analysis 11.00 Official Analysis. 12.23
17.11 58.18 4.41.Georg P. Plant Milling Co.,
17.02 59.06 4.65 3.13 St. luis, o.
10.00 57.00 3.80 . . Illinnis FI~f(d Mill, St. L,lus, 11.35 51.31 4.36 8.25 ilo.
9.75 62.00 3.75 . The Qunler Oats C,. Ciic: o,
9.96 61.70 2.58 4.10 Ill.
14.85 54.60 3.58 . Yates & Donelsun Co., M m14.92 56.60 3.87 5.21 phis. Tenn.
14.50 52.00 4.00 . J. Allen Smith Co., Knoxville, 14.65 53.94 3.89 6.53 Tenn
38.62 . . The IP r ke ye Cotton Oil Co. 38.00 28.77 6.25 5.401 Seiina, Ala.
38.62 . . The Smouthern CotIon Oil Co., 40.45 20.85 7.99 6.151 Pensacola, Fla.
9.25 64.50 3.25 . The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,
9.39 66.92 2.70 2.641 Ill.
14.95 53.25 5.35 . HIecker- Tonos - Jewell Ml'ling 15.01 51.21 3.02 5.53| Co., N ,w York
10.00 58.50 3.501 .The Corno 5Mills Co. St. Louis, 10.27 59.741 3.05! 3.661 Mo.
17.00 50.00 3.001 . Western Grain Products Co., 17.50 47.19 2.981 8.081 Hammond Ind.
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910.-Continued.
NAME, OR BRAND.
Wheat Bran . 1025 U-N-I. Feed, "A" Grade . 1026 Ship Stuff . 1027 Purina Feed . 1028 Pure Wheat Bran . 1029
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
.o
10.50 14.00 8.70 14.39 14.40 13.03 14.85 12.46 7.00 14.50 6.98 14.65 8.90 12.50 11.35 12.55 9.50 14.50 10.16 14.74
0C
55.00 55.66 53.47 48.97
54.00 57.43 58.00
56.16 54.00 53.72
NAME AND ADDRESS OF
MANUFACTURERS.
3.95 . Dahnke-Walker Milling Co.,
3.71 5.871 Union City, Tenn.
2.15 . United Grocery Co., Jackson2.82 8.75 vill:,, Fla.
4.00 . /The Dunlop Mills, Richmond, w
4.18 4.52j Va.
4.00 . Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis,
3.11 4.371 -11.
5.00. . ITennessee Mill Co., Estill
3.131 6.32 Springs Tenn.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
N FOOD AND DRUGS SECTION.
P. E. ROSE, State Chemist SPECIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910. A. M. HEN-RY, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 10, Act Approved June 7, 1909.
ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
LABEL. I MANUFACTURER.
334 White Top-less than 2%lf alcohol The Capitol Brewing & Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
335 Beer, "No. 1 . . . 336 Beer "No. 2. . . 337 Tonic . . . 338 White Top-less than 2% alcohol The Capitol Brewing & Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
339 White Top-less thaw 2% alcohol The Capitol Brewing & Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
5.30 3.85
4.96 0.84 5.62
5.54
FROM
G. W. Moore, Jr., Milligan.
J. P. Brown, Titusville, Sheriff of Breyard County. J. P. Brown, Titusville, Sheriff of Breyard County. James S. Gee, Quincy, Marshall of
Quincy.
A. D. Burnes, Graceville, Marshall of Graceville.
Paul Carter, Marianna.
SPECIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910-ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.-Continued.
LABEL. MANUFACTURER. aFROM
10 White Top-less than 2% alcohol The Capitol Brewing & Ice Co., 5.54 Paul Carter, Marianna.
Montgomery, Ala.
341 White Top-less than 2% alcohol The Capitol Brewing & Ice Co. 5.54 Paul Carter, Marianna.
Montgomery, Ala.
3421Chatt.-1 71-100% alcohol . Chattanooga Brewing Co . 2.33 T. L. McIntosh, Graceville. 343'Louisiana Golden Gems . New Orleans Brewing Co., 2.23 F. F. Pelt, Chipley.
New Orleans, La.
344 Louisiana Golden Gems . New Orleans Brewing Co., 1.96 A. D. Carmichael, Chipley.
INew Orleans, La.
345 Uncle's Special-less than 2% al- New Orleans Brewing Co. 1.72 Paul Carter, Marianna.
cohol. New Orleans, La.
346 Louisiana Golden Gems . New Orleans Brewing Co., 2.23 Paul Carter, Marianna.
New Orleans. La.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FOOD AND DRUGS SECTION. A. M. HENRY, Assistant Chemist.
Samples Taken by State Inspector Under Section 9, Act Approved June 3,1907.
OFFICIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910.
CONFECTIONERY.
In the language of the Pure Food and Drugs Law of Florida confectionery is deemed to be adultera ead ,If it contains terra-alba, barytes, talc, chrome yellow or otner mineral substance or poisonous color or flav, .r )ther ingredients deleterious or detrimental to health, or any vinous, malt, or spirituous liquor, or compel d z narcotic drug."
The standard for confectionery is:
Candy is a product made from a saccharine substance or substances with or without the addition of harmless coloring, flavoring, or filling materials and contains no terra-alba, barytes, talc, chrome yellow, or other mineral substances, or poisonous colors or flavors, or other ingredients deleterious or detrimental to health, or any vinous, malt or spirituous liquor or compound, or narcotic drug.
Ash I
No. LABEL. RETAILER. Per COLOR. I REMARKS.
401-A All-Day Suckers . Tampa Candy Co., Tampa . 401-B Cocoanut Haystacks . Tampa Candy Co., Tampa . 401-C Honey Kisses, Tibbetts Bros., Tampa Candy Co., Tampa .
Tampa, Florida.
402-AIJelly Beans . S. H. Kress & Co., Tampa . 402-BlEclipse Jelly Drops . S. H. Kress & Co. Tampa .
Cent. I
0.22 Cochineal . Legal. 0.58 Vegetable. Legal. 0.27 IVegetable . Legal. 0.20 Coal tar dye. Legal. 0.20 Coal tar dye. Legal.
OFFICIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910-CONFECTIONERY.--Continue.
AshI
EL. RETAILER. Per COLOR. REMARKS.
ICent.
402-C Queen Creams . S. H. Kress & Co., Tampa . 402-D Peppermint Lozenges . S. H. Kress & Co., Tampa . 402-E Wlntergreen . S. H. Kress & Co., Tampa . 426-Aj Stick Candy . E. J. Smith Co., Jacksonville . 426-B Peppermint Cakes . E. J. Smith Co., Jacksonville . 426-C Butter Cups . E. J. Smith Co., Jacksonviiie . 426-D Peanut Butter Kisses . E. J. Smith Co., Jacksonville . 426-E Smith's Mentopine Cough Drops E. J. Smith Co., Jacksonville . 427-AlStick Candy . Van. Deman & Lewis Co., Jacksonville 427-BiJap Cocoanut . Van Deman & Lewis Co., Jacksonville
0.12 Coal tar dye. 0.09 None . 0.05 Coal tar dye. Trace Coal tar dye. Trace Coal tar dye. 0.41 Coal tar dye. 0.97 Coal tar dye. 0.04 Coal tar dye. 0.52 Coal tar dye. 0.33 Coal tar dye.
No.
LAB
Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal.
|
Full Text |
PAGE 1
: rr n ~ ,. FI..JORIDA <~U _r '\.l~'l,l~l~J ... ,;Y BULLETIN AG R I CUL T URAL DEPARTME l\ 'T OCTOBER 1. J.010 B. E M C LIN 00, M ). IIS S !O l'i l ~R 01 ; ,\ G IH OU L'L' UH.E T A LL Al1AS.5EE, FLA. P a rt Su11u ProJu ct ion iu Fl ori
PAGE 2
C OU N TY M A P OF STA T E OF FLORIDA
PAGE 3
PART I. SUGAR PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA
PAGE 5
SUGAR PRODUCTION IN FLORIDA CANE CULTUHE, AND SYRUP MAKINO. HY R I). n ost: ST HI) l' llEMl~T, l'Al,l,.\IIA~Sl)J.;, FL .\. Th e r: 11 1 1111,J or ~uga caur: :i u ,J 1 h c 11 ,a1111f11ct111~ or ruw s u gar"'' ij frup iu 1" lvrid:o, ,l :, t1 ~ fr""' 1hc ,11l i cst scltlc m cn 1 Th e plnn ,rn~ in11"ol11,,:d I, 1 h ..,,h 1; 11 i t Fa t h1 i 1-,;a11d !11r i;:c1_,. o:11ltirn1cd on lhc l:,o ~ t (" .,a s r. ncm s t Augulllinc and .New Sniymu, t.y 1he t:,ady ,-; p11n i ~h .\!C lll c r~, t he ci m c~ h,H n g \,c4:o i utt ., [un; d fr om th e
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pr.ldn ci og tJ,e c11 11e nud h;rnling it to ih e mill. The met ods 1,-enerall_,. pm "11 11l'<.I i11 F!ori,ln arn n~ 1 n in1itive as th O l!1r mnkel'II, who hal'e
PAGE 7
1 11 <1unli1 c 11., ~ 1.1 1 00 1 h:1t ou r au es ;u1) c,. 1uar to nn_v. a nd su1o1. 1 u r '" rnu o I, ~rown in A111 c 1i, 1. 01 cwu iu Uu\J;.1, to [)('rn1ir H don l.,t 1 o ~ si~ t as tu the J~uli.ir m!1u 111H ~<:!I o( F!uritl :1,. l:i<.lil :11111 ,lima t c for p1'Wud11:;: ; 1 pl nnt of 11m 1 i 11111111 louua~c aud ~u~a ro111,nt. l~ ll .lt 0\"l '. l 1 .\l'l' ,\ l {.\'l"U~ I N L OIJ l 8!, \ 1" A. J ,0 1 1 i ij inun fol' 1cni .11 ~l rn g gl cd wi1h t h e h o r 1>e mill and t JIO!II kt!lit, 11mhi 11 t,: IJ 1 uw n ~ 11;! ,rn,J U ll"u1 c ,I .-l.1ri; i, :ol 1v11 \\ a, < p o lO,,u'< w1: c iniphf\L'U, 1h c jui,c n;i~ 111mlc ..1 ,.. min1 lly ;:m l 111t oi ,n ll _,. ck't'l n, C h e YH C UIIUI l l.. 111 was C.'<'Ohed l\'hich l ed 1 0 the d ou l., l e O"<f w,~ .,i or e,p1i,< lit in , x l. r, rr :w1 -e. h:1~ 1,,,10 c l i 111in :1r ctl, lhe pu lp 0 1 hni:-1 1 f'>ie ur t.h c ca ue, i 11 u 11"11 b11 l :rnciiU 111 11,Je ru faeto r ,1 r 11 n!ij h ln~ n il the ue,:e,~n r .r fue l for nll p u r pnM'I!. l' hc t.1rnl11t i o11 i n the ijUg:11 fador,1 nt Ln11i~i,rna r,,u ,. Le en i n k (: q,iu;; w i th th e pru;pui. olon,; 11 11 01hct Jin ('!<. Twcnt)' ,c~r~ ngo th e modern "tcn1"ta l fadnr_, .. wa~ t h e e:-tre ptlou ; to da v it t h e r11le; the l' e are h11m l r1.'U11 of 11 u c h f ac tori <'8 J n J ,o uiei nun, l uin d l i n!!' fro m 500 t o I:!00 1011 11 or c: me J)('t rl:1y mn k ini:l nr f!:C. 1 11',:c. fof ori~ cxt,,,ct ;a., I p ro, lui:e rntl .v HMI p er 1'1'111. 11 1<,r ,su:,: :11 fro in n ;.:in>11 mnrn m t o r tilth \ lhnn r:m [M>.;,,.-ihly l ,p ,,..,-111, ,! h_, 11~i11i;:: 1hP n111i,1m11ed mill 1111d "!~" h-rl1k \t tlw ~:llll
PAGE 8
of p 1 oduri11g thi~ l SO poun,L~ of 11,'l'Ulllll:i fo d goo, l s will be le8~ than to p m1,1~ i" ullf' nf the mo~T r iuu s n 1,,l tJjlll.-1111 ('1""1'' k 1J<1w11, l"l 'l \ lliriHI.!" l"Xtru J j.-,, ( ,, ;nuJ ,:osi l,1 d,,. ~11,,_,,,,J hy :1<1 1c r~c ,li11 i:11 i c 1,11ul i 1 i ,.,,_.,: i! 1 -eip,i,~,~ ~k i l l ful c11 l !111 h a,., r,,rtili7. i 111.!" :uul pi-"l''''" irr i ;::11ivn ,vi,"'" N'atly fo l" hni,t,d the ll"urk 11rn~t l"J p1ornptly 1inislud, th e ~1 ~tnrod fri>e ilf fr,1~1. ond ('frl('fu l l y hm ,d lc,I n t 1111 tim' ~ J,'i1 r : u-i-e~ per h1 11H l fo,n,Jtme il! :i fnir task while n .-irhl of len t om;, "i!h n11 :nu ag e o f 1:! per c ent. ~ngnr. i~ n fa i r a\' ('rn~e _vio rL o t :!--100 ponnd~ of ~11gar per :1t 11., r nyi 11:,: th (' ~rm,,,,:1 rnaxirnmn of !3:>.00 1 .c 1 ton of !1 ('{'!~. 01" ~:! ill.I)(\ JH. '1" :ltilllltl l r,,,. c11llu1'\'. h:11vl'>' I und deliv<:1., of fl,c nt 1 1s ,.f 1,,"<'t,. wi1h a totHI fa ilm ,, e.~ po:: wil'd twn ,,. a rs out ., f tin h 0111 d1ought, 1: 1in o r f o ust. S l i 1 l tir:1t,.,l n~ ,. 1 ..-.~ p,ioi ng no 1 hinnin~ Inn ,1,11,.1 :,t ,-11n,,," ,,,t of l:1lo r no ~prinl ,-an . nml l tlorn prq~ dy f,rt i l i,.,,,J: ~lill. I ham JI'! tol,al'nof:1 l u in ] ra i lm ,if,ioam n,o[,fru111,lr.:111;:ht, nootl or in~ cc t Jl('IOt.
PAGE 9
ACHEAGJ; !'l:H .\f.\ N E.\ ll L O H : 11 'rw ul., ]' C l" hn11 d wilh a l tl .. r : .m i< lll HO(t :mc ~1ai,, .. r,oj """"1WI. ( \ ri t h lh (!S U!II C lll t lOlllll of rer t ili, .i n:;:lnl "" :,~ tlt:,11, l e d L ., h1-t" " o ms u1;rn r:,n grmr :1 1 , w 1, ~ will, au :nern:.:-" of u nt l e~~ th:rn '.?.:i t ons of ,:rne 1 ;wr e th;ol wil l yield iu a m odern f:1dor.v 10 J >C r <"N>t. of p11 c g,:1 n11l nt< ll'f! h _, l he rain,of 1hc I H'<.' t p1d1, f rn f<>P r i11:.:1 1 ify i 11'.!'. o f hed ju . u\l i 11 ;.: lo lli( l:11"::< i : u 110 11 11 t o f i 1 11p11, ifit !< i!< fa, lll"1'P li!li<11 1 1 1 1[ :,n i ll h:111!] 1i n:: :111,, jui< P. ltaw l wct 11. tl i:,t fir~r cl11.,_. g 1annln1r,l ~n:.:-: 1 r ,:111 he m:HI( ft-om F l m i,b :UH! n1 :! l:tl"I,:'' f' l'Ofit when "'lling 1 h<' sll;!'. :IP :1 1 !
PAGE 10
!'ACT~ llE ~IO.'.STlt,\'rJ::O II r.uire,. "" tx1oe t i 1m.'nta1io11, tl"'re nrr nu rm: I~ to ;'.;-:i',',;:'~ 1 :~\:; ; ;, ,;::: ;~ ;: r~;.i 1 'l\ ~ \.,Z.~ : ::~~ 1 '.it ,::\:~~"'! :r~' '.~: :i'. C:J~~ 1 u11 111:. : ,n~l vf ['l"Q(\u c. tio n rn ln l ~Jl :11uJ ti, n c; !he.le fad,, .,.ur,: 111,:,,,,ul.1 U !l l"' thnt "l'C< I tol ie,1n lhur il:l l i1e l. v t.,.1,11l!i~lll',I h r "ll l' .\;: 1 leul 1nral I 1 ,;11lmts11 L or our ,,wn 1 '-< )l!l1 ,t o i1;,h,o"lth"inllnxor1111>"r:rndt:ipil,-l. \\' h ilt I ,u11 i,01 a11 1 1<1, ,tt:al:iul.1 JWCplll'(~ I l"'"l'Crl,> d:wirl<'O nn d 11 c ally i,:..-ktol, i'I' iu 1,lucMNl 10 t h e ncc.AAity n u d .-,iJ n e ,;( ''f<'nt r al fol'ln 1i ,s: where 1 1te farrnn tun., ~ II h o< r:m, d il't ,o t to ti, .f1u-!11r_,. for 1111w,, l hnn 11,-. 11<11\ gct 11 r .. r Iii~ ~irur, ii will h .. ,, ,JI l<> e 11 :1 ):!e t l w s il'111J in ,t11~ lr.v i'r n, id, ,1 JH111(' h u t t!1e h1'!<1 i~ 1>1:uh. , tnp p!'ic~ 11 ,n .J,e r:t J H:fl<.-..1 ; ir 1h!11, ,i; ,, 1.1 ,l rij!;~ ~ m~. p n.-1 ,M in n sour krg o r ,1111_,. hni-a.!. i~ 1 ,rmlm-.., t it i ~ on l y fl t fo r t he r 1il,!11--11 11d no l ~oo J fnr C hem. WTT .\ T (j()OI) Sll:liP 18 Ill mnldn:,: ~iru11 f;:! "' d ~ir1 1 pl. th1'.! nhje tt i~ to pro. dun h id;. dea r l ipdrl. tlmt "''ill not gr,11 ulut or "s n 1t 11 r ofT.'' 1l nm _v I ii' Flnl'tlin:r 1 0 n ,111mllf'r of my : rndi to,.,. wh<" n J llAA('rf l!mt lirMt -.-ln~~ ~iri 1p rontnin~ but fOm p:1rnti,rl,> li ttl e ~ n ;:n r A tlnt c]nF~ ~i r nl', h e It nwd e from t: nn ii, rn11pl( J ~n p, <\I'll, rit -c, potntoes, loeet~, wnt e r 111 c l on~ or o1her ve p: 1 ,le ~ 11h~rnu re. i~ h n t n ~ oh1tion Q ( ght~'illlC, or in.-rrt" ~11)!; 11' ,d1h lh) H!)Jll'e<'l:1l1le IJ1Ulr lt it, .. o f .~ncro8"'. or l< l ?,!nt: 1 ,.-,u,~lo mat.:.n t,""M"Ml. 1hirk. h en._ .. clear~lrup.wrptOf'<'e:et< :m d .c:hu.'<,~ e from hi Hf lltal~ Ill! rnpidly n11 pol!llibl e.
PAGE 11
,u-e all do~t l y r, I M(',l a l l rat>! in 1111lm a!. s. \ hk h are ht>lwecu ~ni,:-,ir ni;d gltJ molec11 l eoruale1. :--ngar ll si, '' 1 ,y ,lJ,ng llt' 11u.J k uf w:1ter l,nv <1 glurn ,,.,-" C 1c Jle1. (1 1 ,." J ty the "'"'er. in 1hc !" e~eHtt' o f ftc;ol', ,widH or fer sn.'-':m tnk t ~ up II rnoleenlc M w;o;e.aud IK'come.i :--1anh n l "'' in rl ie pr~'f;ewcc of :111 add nnd heat, 1,.,ome111;hwu~. ,S11;.i:11 ,to e s n., t f('1u, c11 t It urn ~! !><: >(owe gh wue, "in ver T" ~11;::ar, 1 h-;.:1; n e ither 1 lll<, ,cs8el the "i11, e1 siDn" will OtTm more ,1uickly. t.:,rn, j r,i, e i s ~ol11 l ion n r sn )!ar. glnco~e a,!(] other SD litl~ nnd g11 111s. Hipe en np hn,s hnr lit11e glueose-fre. que utly 1,-,.~ llwn I 10 r-1\n t ., gem.wall."'.! to'.!~ pci cen t. Unl'ip< r,me has a m11i li lnr;er pereentat-~ of i,:-lucose, 6011 1 et i mes ;o s rnueh a~ !iO pel' cent. ; the i m nrntnre tofl' of cnnc :tT'C nlwn_l'!S high in ghic n8 e a11d poor iu ~llC!'O!!ll, or su;:nr E1j.-Jentlr jl,,. st;irdt in 1 h(' ,anc ( or what w"uld I'(' .~ 1:l l'dl i11 l!Ol'll. r i,e OJ ]'Ot!IIO<~\ is lilst furn e mil'ir 1 nf1 1 at11rech:rn:,.-edi111os11gnr ache1nicnlfcat the ,lesp:ifr of (hi! most 1,>minent f.;(i,;nti111s. To Phnng'f'l i<'o '"r"d1 ls .lU"alarnlforn1 c 111s,
PAGE 12
we can p n,. eed to p, ep nre 1ll e ~uhsl :111 c1: 1n, L'C Ju i1 'C. Jf w e wau 1 sin11 w e du not tle11 w 11d r ip e ''"II<\ 11iid1 t he s ugar make r 1 -e; 1ui1-c~; o ( Jl!a lllily of gluto~ e iu tli e u u rip< l lv]'~ 1, ill d o"" l rn 1 111 b c11n, w,: 1 ..,~i11 ~l'iutli n g wh en thi. nn e ~ n, e l'ipe r 1 11 O lle lrnl f T o l\\u 1 1lirtls th e l engtll o f t he ~ 1n l k (sny Oct.,L,er Hi ), lliuugh 1i 1 ,._, c, 11 e nrnke11 mOl' C ~ irnp in !) l 'O ]o() l" 1iOn (h:111 ll!ll ilJC ni w. 1 : 1 11 i pe ~au, w ill '""kc ~oud s i ni]', tm l !1< lt g-uod s n!!; u lli1 ~ ta ue q11frkl _r off ( wil l L'Cl'!:1in l ,, g anulale if t,, iled lo t he l" "Jl<.'" uu, it, c :me ,., ., har d ly 1.._, 1 11ad1, lo gra nu l nw l,y I h e uw st .-,~ l"'' 'l s11g:11 11rnker ~. r,. mi, ke "1\ !!lll 1 ipe nlll <' ut n l T d1t: inn n;llu re 101,s, lP:n in~ :i s !i it lc m1ri1 n ~ puS-"ilJle. ('1;1df.>' and e v,w 01m ,, ,.,. 1 idl,l, 1, la ,e in fvoh,r"u f l,u1,.'1! H<'" 10:ollu\\'qlli\ h11 1 il; da1 1ify ;1111] sk i 11, n t a 111o tl e :1 te l w,1 1 ; ~"''l"";ire ~l ow ly. m11\ ~ki111 ,:,nfu ll,I'. Th i!\ ~lo \\' <' l':lp<>rn t ion w il l i u ~11 11 " h ea l'_\', nnn nys!,il "l, I., ~i, u p ~lud 1 o f the ,,x t 'Cl l ,('e o f l'lu1 ida ~ i , < kpP11C l!\ o n the ~1()1 1 nq a11i"" i11 < h'(' p krtt l i> .< w ith ;!: 1' <'"1 IL r ;1 I lon~ nm 1 i,, , ,, ,!. 11 .. de l oy in 1h.-. ju i, ,, h:,n~I hcl1n 11 ~t, i k ~, 11 1 1<1 11,. l:or~ n111,,11n( () f r,,, u, c nt ''""'~nilr ,,.loletl t o I],. jnir<' l,y 1ltC' 111ill il h ii~ ,w,od,n fr :m u :m;l the ~"111 c u1<1< ,,r t h ,adu11N ... ir ,i l n n~ nrn l 11 !,nsil~ 11 ,l. Th e mill i ~ 1wlolo 111 11 :lslt<'III') '"'" 0 11 n fairl.1 l :1 rtP ~ <:i l l' ( 111 !" :!II h:1 1'1el~ o r 4 00 1 0 ~ /l(l :s :1 11011~ ])('r l:, 1 of ~ itup ). I ~hn11!;l n,hi~(' a ~CJlll mi< flariii,r aml a pnr ti al !'Vnpor:1t or ,m d tl 11 i.".h in a ~ rp ,,, :u , ,p~ ... ,1. T h e ~(' nr1 o r ;;::,,.Kl ~ ir n 1 i s p el'fed elllr i f,yi11;;:: ~!1 n i ni n :;!. ~nl' l'fn l n n
PAGE 13
:::.u: .. ~~\:~: i )~'. '':'.: ::: : \';~; .,~ :Il l 1~ :1~~~: :~ ,: ;i i; :::''.',I ; : : Ii ,~. I ;1~:~ your siru1, lo a 1111ifor1n !' o, ,lt 1"e d t h1 11u;:-li ;lHJ (l r ug1;i.-1. Tht., HI'-! :11,,.._,!111<,!y lll'C e, ,;;,ar,1 for 1111ir,,1m ,1ur~ ..\c 1.11l:il mill, w l, 11il 1 ll llrl {'X\"t-ee rolll'r nitl, l" "< uwdc o r ''"1'[~. f,,,. e.. .. 111knl r,.,,,,.on~. Co1 p1 ,' r rondu d>< hea t h rl l !!I' th, 1 11 i n1u ; 1> h ifo i 1 ou p i]ll" "'ill rnnk e "" g o od ~ni:nr 11i,,_,. will l"'-"fl lh~ 40 11 cr (1: 111. more fnel to l o the AAmr wo1k; :1 OO I JJl<'r roll will wnr~ he tt er with 60 p ,,u r i da of ""':llll !11(111 IITI hon t~,i l Wi l li J O O l' (ll!IHl" .\ll\' AN'l'. \C:1-: $1. or 1-t T E .,~ Al'l' \TIA'l'Uf; The mtrantn::::e of n "1rnm trniu iit ol"i.-,11,-,; t he mnnip 11 l.i ln1 hn ~ nh~ol11fe ,_ ,n t,o l o f 1 h e hrnt at1\! rnn rri:ul,11,i it M .-. ;r,::11m,. tn 1us ,l 1>111nm l :\ 1l1c, -h iat ei l a 110 1 :,1 ,w call n o t hr .,, p.rf L'<" l lJ 1r;i11lnfrd. In ri01e r rn,.e. ,.,r 11 n o r ii N'l u,;11('(1 e1 :11JOr:ifol'fl, I "lron;:: Jy a dw<'Ule a N.il' l ~r !ten t ln i:~ 11..r:11 1, 1 11 nrro m, 1 of f1H,IL '<' "llnm ; lhe tlitrr ren r ei n ro "f will 1, 1! n 1n1 p 1hun oll'"f't ( lur i n;: fhe fir"( """~on. f here nrP H l 11 r ::::,: nmnl~ .. r 1 .. l i nh),-. 111:11111 fad 11 '!' of flti r fa ll plnnt in -. ,~~rli ,nlnrl) i ll Routh Flo,i,la. H y hn,i11!!' l h r:;::rn nml i. id.1. 11, ,-. ph1111ingrn11 hc< l nu, nt tilc l inw of j! l' l 11,li11g, n!ft ]'>
PAGE 14
I n ~vnth Fluridll, rnne ~hould tidd :it leni-t three good c r<.1p,< frurn one 1,lnn1 i11 g; ft '\.s1ue 111 ly, will, prnpei cure, it wi ll !u11t /ivi, o r ~ix y~irH. 'J' t,e rnllu1-e 11 ho11ld lie 11lrnJ. ]011 a1 :oll fi1111 11mking" lu11 ridi:-r m"(lund the tane. F .. r r,Hi~;u;;. nuthini:i~ 1.11.'I/Cr th au nm ; n ini:-, which, how i,>'t'r, ~huul d l~ re-iufol'l'I !I by !GIi tu :.!110 pouml11 o f hi gh ~: 1hi11 will yield t he ne"ssa1 1 r,mi!il\ingelei11ent, in lll1,ent 1.rin .' H, 1 hi1< fer l ili7.er 1< h vur.J u ot ro11t to e x c~(I '!:.!:).00 per ton at ill!lll)Orl~. O ne thotts:irul pounds 11er ntre 1, h ou ](i imure 11 cro11 o f uot h-s.~ 1h :rn :.'O tons o ( e;rne 11er :ine. wit.Ii an nl" c r11 of IU per ce111. imgnr, o r 4.u,111 11111rnd~ ""!,!Ill" 1..c r acre, or 400 to r,oo 1,:::illnn,. or flr'l!t r l nsij ~ it -up p e r :1<-c, m1 i n g n !h 1< 1 -tl a 1<~ nnd e x erri~ inJ! due ('l.,,. AOOu t uue,h;1lr thiJ:1 a111onnt l'!lll be l<('rurcd ,. .;er, the 111<11111 np1,:irnllu< u ow l,'l!nerally em v i o.n..-1 in thi~ i-t:,t. \'.11t 1~,~ o~ '.:.,~ll.-'fhere tire n m1111her of differe n t Cllllt'I<, pmlmhly .. ~~f'n1r !i1(' l!I' U,Ot'C ); 1,0,11"11 rnl'ictit'~. 1 11 n1n11y ,a11t.,. th,, ~mue ca 11 e i~ knowu h y ,Hlfoi't!nt local 11 11m cl'. There ,, r e not to f'lf<'1. >t ll a ,1,.,,,,11 kinl~ lh : 11 nre valu ahle in Loui8l:rn~ :in d F l .. rid:o. of whi ch ]'r11si,l< ,,,) lhP !, ,,t ;1/l n,1111"! ,.anr It i~ know u l.1 m11n.1 1,,rnl "'""'"' 1t m11r~,11~ w1, i~ O'ar h iu l'Jmutin;: n,,, 1 rnd_,. '" "l n_,-1 ,1 h 1 11n,, Ui; it~ l'n::nr('.,ulcnt i~ ld::h ,iu
PAGE 15
1 h 1 n ci1her1JflJa,01 hen1 uarned; it11t1ui;areou tentia ei. 1 11ul l !he "l >l 'II J,:ih l,vu .,r r yi.tnliue"; i t iij we ll nd,11,l<.'ll Iv Nvn h F l u r i.Ja, mu! i ~ : !rnu~I e.~clu~ i nil y tcul tivll(cd iu (;a,1;,: i t1 ; i[ will ~[;llnl HJU I \! r,,, ~ t 1lu rn ih~ ''C.:r-.) "H tallue ,n l. cd B il,l,rn1 .'' \ ll <"'W ~ cL-t. Whe1 ~ it Im~ l.eeu r ieJ, ii lm~ IIL-t:u fouu,l ,l r,.i ruble. be in jte;1 rl. 1 in rm 11 urir 1 :md ha~ a u md lnri;er ~ u gur ro uteut 11} t o Hi 1 ,..,. \! nt. mon, l l mu the to rdlu ur.v :1ri elic~ A vu rk, t _v k 11 1J\\ n a" lh e .fn 1 mne~ e nn c w:o~ i n1n11i110.'C!t l fr ..-,in tl 11' Loui..,l:ma ~u g ar Ex1 ic rime11 h ,I ~ l u r i m wm e 6f 1 t'(! II .1 :ll'1' :1;.:"; if n1ttoons pl'MH~ tl,, aml w ill gruw on h li:t pi n e lntul. 11111l;iu:,: h e: n 1 crop~ ,,1, f',-c <>t dlmn.v cn ne wou ld fail tu 1 1hu c p1 01irn h l e uiq,M: it m11 kc ~ 11n:s t Cl:i ~ ,.;,p. hut i .., nu1 ( (HL~i,l e n ,J II ll ~ r d:1 ~.-. ~11ga r pr" dnce1 mi u cro unt of i1 ~ h i gh pn~entagc tof ;,l u <:t'l'e find 11<,lihr 1mrv or M:, c :h 1/011 ,. B h n n lt l 4,e oJK'Dl'-0 ~ix feet 11 1 ,art, four i u ~ he r foe1: 1 h e "4'< 0 ,l r nm ,i; hii d iu the furl~"" CN 1 1in110 11 1 l~ lnppin ;: e nrh en11(l one or tw o jolntB. if the "l!'t!ti I s sou nd nud thf' e_vf>f<. p erf.,"1. In <:111'(' or tlamnl,!'f'd ~l'ol!il cn ne m or,:, iB r<> qu i rt d ; fr f'
PAGE 16
of 'OW, to i11 ~111c a 1-;vo,I s1:11ul." C,w <:r fal H, l1m1td c11ue four ind1tH tlrep in 1 hc "l'dug, wh ,11 ;::,:1 i11:1 1l u11 l ,a s ~t i:: jl~:;~~ l i':.:: 1 1~ 1;; l \: ,t ::., ~l'. h\ ~ :;::~; r: ::~;. t;: :~~11; 1 ~:~I 1 1 1: ,;1,t j~ i 1 ,l,m li ll)(. 1-ul' lll'ring pln111ln;::,e<,1...-rnu t more tl m u t .. o iud ~'>I dc'I' Gc nninniion will fr{'<111cn1 1.i lo.-gin in :t,;0,.11.t Flrn l,1'1 i 11 Pehn m 1 -y; i11 \l idtll e I ~lorlclfl in Jn uum y, wh, 1,111 t of the co1er in :; 1;houl ,l IX! d1 :1g ~t d nt T 10 11 .... i~ I i 11 ;;crminut. inl{. lu tro11ical Fl ori, 1, t, ]>1.'IOI\ rim :! ti. ti parnll"1. 1:n n c will s1wout nnd grow at :rn~ JinM!, and c,m l,,l l\t 111 1 _, 1.i1m: ri-0 111 lhe plm ll i u g, aml run in :1 11 .1 ,lil 'l..'C lion-1 1"ith I lle l'OW ~ or 11UOfl>< ,h.1 11,rn,l 1nn be u,sed cxclusiv~l. nnl i l ( li e fn ue i" two fret high, ar1c r whieh n cutOmtm 11ho11 1<1 he frl~JIH'nll)' run in 1he row ~. The t u l1111e lwnlrl Hl :ill 1lme~ he ,, l,a llow. 1101 to ,li ,, t,11 th e ru, 1 1 ".'"~ fern . \ turn-plow ,-ho uld 1 e r he w;c,l to ~ u ltivnh c a n e C<,nlin ue c111tl\;1 J i11~ till ihe;a u e comvlelcly ,-hnd('IO the J?rnuud. ,\ !l ow n o .._.c,_~ I ~ I" ~'OW i11 th e 1-ows, 11nr the mid dl es, /ti nny tim e. H \l! V E ,:; T. ll nr1c~ t l ll",.:i11.'< in f.ou i>'ii u 1n O doher 1 5--lhoni;:h t he "nne iH f;ir f '0111 mnturP :rt !bi~ dah. 'J'he !n r ;: <' 111"(':IS, limn'l'('1', dc-nnmd Parl _y hnrr M<1. 111 :-.01 1, Flnrid n. )'fo vemlo('r l to Hi: 111 8011 t h F l n1 i d n. ll cce 111h er 1 ; h clu w the ~Sth ,~1 r nllel, hnrvc sl H Hl_l' 1,.., d e l:1 .1N! 1ill .l :rnnnr ,: I, tmd 111 ft{'"llll'liu.11;< !ill \p ril l. the rli1 11 are lwi n~ prn, 1i,:i l l,1 ~imi!nr t o CnUa tr ddi n,i:full ~ix l y r ht. ,Y h,n 1"<'~,ly ( 0>r hn1,l'!
PAGE 17
17 Wf u.11 (u1ri ngcau e fm ,;h np to p it high to lc..irc two or 1~ r ee or 1h e 111,1 ..::i-, nurlp e, innnntur c jvint 11 ; thi1; i 111 mun :ni o:,me j uke i ,. lur~oel~ glu o~ or i11 vt.::t" ij ng at. aml Hl1< h> 11ren u1 nysta l liz..1tiuu. C.T1" /'IXG CA.X E FOH SliG .\11 \1 \Kl\'U !11 :11in;; en11e for ~ 11 ;;n r -iunki 11 i;:, l011 low nsin;; o u l y th 1: fully 111 a1 nretl or tiJll! ll l'tl 1 1111e. Cut only wlmt Is ll l't'C>< U11u1 11> :ood ,111inrnJ,. lo 1 11111 i i. \ ~tcm n ] ,O "cr, h o1i~.ont:1I will sho 11 ld i ll! n<'('( l wll r> u thC l1.' 111 -c HHH'C 1hnn lW C n l, \ acn.,_ Jo lla r n~I. Th e p u l p ( o r li:1;::u ~O!C\. wh e 11 J l\ 1~11 well i,:ru u n:1. an d ijfll l h a ~ 11 l nr~ c l"''ncutn1,.-e of jui (e l c fl in it. A wc!l ,filfl t l u11 "{'rnill ('llll hcr11H 10(''1:\l'a C'I Gil !'l'l'C('Ut. .. r thr w eii:;h t or 1he ,n11r in j11fre. l~ll\'in'! !!ri J>er !lli. ~011 in th~ 1 n 11 \, {rune i~ ro m1 00!'ef l "f 5:; per ('('nt. jnit'C a nd 1:-i l'(' r ecnT. of dry A b re). f-ehl oru Uu ho1'5C m ill~ cxlrn d m ore thnn 1\11 1~:r ,~nL or jui ;~~u:f'/ Win g $ p er (X! ttt in th u (' an c. A Wllll d Cl!igued,
PAGE 18
1 8 powerfu l, ~ix 1oller 1< h o uld lie pln ~,~ l. lo -emov c ro aree l' nr1iclr11 uf ( HtH.' ur lea\"!'!!; n11dc1 thi1e: n i,_'l mn y -bag 111ruiner; l,1 !0 \\th i s n ~'O "' ~ mu sli n o r d11~!ot h ~11-alucr. Xrei l ll'l< m n~t ti,.. ke p t f' l( nn mul frcqu('ntly d1m 1 1,(~'r. 1"1w_v 11hu111tl hi! ijfl'ete l.J.cJ nu I HX'J ~. lik l' ~ic,, ..,. nnd II nun 1hc 1 k <' ]> l o n lln n d fo, rlrn11i,:i11~. F'rNu the mill to tlie jni.:-e tnnk. n,,n ill e elmi fi ('r. Ol"C\'!l]IOl'lllDr, 1 pipe ~houhl \J.e 1 ur1 :,. 't'1tCrnll helfl" t h "l!' ,,1111!1 no t to i11tcrforewilh the t.-.;1111 .. \t i f 11 ou!let :innlhl"r ~t,-n\ner ,. f 11 :m ucl, 0 1 'filt er clot h ~ h(111ld I ll' 1 ,t,wtJ. T hnron,::h >o r o f ~kin11ui11~ und g 1"CH (ly im pr ovc11 t he q ua li ly of (h., @lr\\l' or ~ u g :,r. Thr jni<-1 l :1 n k 11 1 lh<' mi l l ll <'<'l l 110I bit of g n.>llt Hp11cily. 11 11< onl_v a~" fmmf'l fo r tlu p iJ)I" lo the l or, ,: er j ui l'e tnnk ur:ir th e da.-iflf't or evn 1 )()raro r Thi @ tank >< h n uld l 1<' d at ('n~ t ~ nfl ki.-. n1 fo 1 n <'h: 11g e (nl" run ) or well ~tr:1 iml jnlre: lt :,1" :id~ a ~ a ~ett l iu~ tnn k n nd re rn,,n'!' l;1r,,: amount ~ o r h,.n,J i m pnril i f'!I tiin l i,ettle to l h f' hotto111. I t ~lioul cl he rlc:m e tl at !en ~t o n re ll tfay, nnrl w, 11":1 < h M l ou t ~llLK 01-' I DIE l;>OH C l ,. \Bll-', 'I NO
PAGE 19
dnclcI sugu1 oi si ,u p fac10 ies is a mixture or frc&/1111 1, unwd quickli11'<' u11d 1wlcr Air ~lak,:,,l lime wil l no l ;iu~w<:J" 1hl! 1mq,,., ,;e, nud sho u ld nor be use d. To 1m:1mrt rhi >' milk or l ime," u~e uue pouud of quicklime to ouc gallon nf wnlCP. t h us h:ll"iug lwv u\lH("\.'~ uf liu,e to eneh [,inc of the 111 i xrn rc. l'hwc -tll ponm.ls of <111 i(k l i111e iu n -10 -g : d l ou b , r 1vl; slakl! i1 with w;otcr; w h e n it is 1ho1oughl.)' s in ked, a dtl water '" mak e IO all oll s ( ir th e wa ter i~ :ol :ill time~ abuv c1 l teli1ucit \\ill kecpimlcflni 1 cl.v, Ji1 fo r nrn ) t.lef,, e ,Hp1,iug: un t portio H r,,.. use 81i1 t h e milk 1,r Jinui' 1l10ru11ghly !o get' lhe 11ecei'l'nry llmc ~n~pcndcd in t he llOl"fiuu 10 lie ni;ctl. H ~lwu!d lie aJ,ont like thil-k whit ewash Fm ,:, ,,..1, filJ g ,1llnn s of rnw, st r aino,, I jui,e, ll~<, une 1ii11! o f th is "mill or lit u <;." Take one pin/ of mi l k of lime, ndtl oue :;a l l ou or wntel'; ~ t i,. it well to ~u1<1,end the lime; ~eatlc1 lhi~ e,. Ille ~ui-f:H"c of 1hc juiel! iu ihc c, npora ro, m dal"iLicr; di,ilrilrntc i ( wel l au,J 111 i i,: i t thorong hly with (hl!juicc. ~KD l .\11~0. !lriu ~ t l w ju i, fu ;, hoil 1 n i,k l y hnt ,!o 11ot let it "hoil 11p "; 1\"l, eu lho ::1eeu 1, 1,ml;.el" fni-u, s am \ licgin~ to rrnd,."" dl'aw nm lln.:~, ,.. tuni oil" the ~tea .,,. 1:,move the h mil : t of ;::r, : c 11 <("um qnitk l y :m,I ,.n,. c ful l y, lhm'I h 11 .. _, ~\UH fall l ,wk into thejnke a t :my tiilll' .\fl! clcaui u ;:: c/lrefol l y, rcucw 11 e l ir1:~, or 1 nrn on (he ~ki rn r <>nl i 1111011~ly ,m 1w11frn li M jl,j~ nti d ,;-ong11lnte the g n u ~ :,nc l nl\11m1i11~ l' 1a,litalh all lhe lim(' i~ remo,etl in (he ~'-' ""'~o r the settl i ng~ C,\U TIO N T li,n1t1011ntof]irne1e,lJ mm cmled 0 11er,i11tor mi l kof lime.'' cqun l lo 1wn ., 1 110'(1' for eneh :",O g1ollon~ of jnicci~ hu t n p1 roximnk Vn~ ri pe ,une. ~w,;, t ,md uur., r
PAGE 20
u,ented, m/\y r~1ui1-e lcs.~; gr~n or sou, eaue, u1ore than i n dicated. For s ir up -11 u1kiug, the juicl! i;hould /\t ull times huve u slig ht ly acid 1cactiou; fo 1 sugu r muking il ~hould Le nc ntral-nei thcradd uoralkuli ue. TEST FOR ,\CID. A few ihce1s of Blue l.itnrn,; paper slionl!C ,;t,ip~ iulo he juice. 'l' he h ln e paper will be at Ulll'C t11n1 <.'t l pink or red, dep en d l11g on 1hf! nlllo11nt or uciJ J!rc ~nl. Arter lirniug, ,Ji!' nuother ~hip i n to 1he lime.1 juice. H ~hcmhl ,;how hut a pn le 11i11k lf it re11mins blue, you ha ve too mud1 li me. mu! 1 ,1w juice ,;hould he nd,.k-d till yo u gl'l n fa in t piuk co l -OL" on the va p er. .Juice fo,,; in.11 shoul!I ~lwa~s be xlightl_v ac id tur11iug U tJ bhrn 11np,;1 a 1uiut p ink. UOTLINCT. Fon 811,ut. ~ Af!er 1ho1 uur,h < l:11if_1"i 11 i nn ,l ~kimu, ini;, huil steadi l y and s lowl_,. (skimrn i n;,: al! th e time) till th'! l!i1pmak.,s:::1 leg1 l"0< Ji'oR S t.:<1. ,11 ~ H oil olT n l! 1 1u i ,kly ns J!O" R ib ll'. u11til thP. s"f', h;11m11 ,lf:O ,~ ~l~n~e1:~;\~rof :::~t~ n ~~:.:: ;: :~:~t~:;1:~l. "'.!~t:i:n~~~~i con ordtJ r them In sirupmnkl n g, boil t ill a ~:11 np !e of the h ot jnice shows :tt ld 1,,.. a :.:In~~ or t in r.r l i11dn n\., ut len irwhC'>' 1011)! for 1r,.1i11)!: fill 1h c .-,_vliuder r 111t of l,ot jni, e nml dn1p !ho lll)indle in: ii w il l float nt rhe 1 10int or tl i,usity of !he Rin ,iSirup ~honld Bhow 3~ (fog1 "l!c,; when hot; rm augar, boil to36deg~s, bot
PAGE 21
l' AUKAU.ES. 'l'h c t inl,;hed ,;itui, ,; hm1ld Wlllu<, 1 <1rt,., ,apfl o r ,:on:l'I! 11 h on l,I be I.O il l'U Ol'lil l' alllN I 1011tet !llzi 1J:~1u. Jt~r1~ 111 1-r o1hu1 wc w,d n ,,.m:1iu1.,. nm uot h e *lll'N?f>li fu ll _, ~t;:1 i li1.<.'U. and 11il1 : ; 1i! ily fi,\'Ull'Jl/ ill u ,.1,,,n tirur. ,\n~ ..trup. t hid; ot t hin. ;;,,,nle('('Ollllng infel"iL~I I, l h c i-: nm~ 1 f rern1cu!:1111111. :So h :1n11h'fo-~ {>l'l'~('""''li1, ( or ,inti fcrn,rntl i ~ knu\\11. (.; l n k : ,I ,; (1': 11 1,il! Jll"l'\'Cltl f e rm 1L!'1l iol!l wi ll :i]~.-. I U't'\"elll di;i:Nle i ll'r est r ue u t. ~111"11 n t nt'lor,, ~hon Id ]' UITh:\11(! O :OU (' rnl 1he l 111~ill c,f 011 e h,1lf ti l!' "i r11p or 1111::::nr mmle : th e fu rm e r p1m hn ~i 11~ n ('(' ('!'Sf11.v pnd:n;."1 11 if h e fl 't' ~ HJ nkc hi" ~hn r ~ "ill ki rul ."' r n rher lhmL ll CN' ]'t the vul u c .. r hi11 h nl f nC r h<' fadu1y w i thonr p n f'lm::-~"' Th <.' nm mmt n f @in1p or "n:i-nr in rhe cane i11 1 -eu dllf d e. 1 <'n ni 11MI 1,_1 1he 1>pedlie )l. r ,ni1 ,. f the jnlre 111 the mi l 1. WH h :1 :i-0t~ l mill nn d rn011<'1 :1p1mrarns u yi,,Jd or :in :i-nllon 1 .. 11 of n, ern ;.:c 1i1M 1,u1c of S 1leg-1'<'<'l' n,aun,e \':Ill I,, ; e,-:pr< te l. 'l'h i" "irttp ~honl d he worth :Ill 1 'Cnl~ 1 1C r ~ ull ,n 111 ,11., rut'/ol',Y. 111 .~n.oo p er 10n or e 111 1, o r whi1h th n fornwr ~ 1111111,J r, 'f't' i, e $-I.Oil; n1 !!il ton s per ucr,1 h i" gr"" yield l~ !1 fl'1till1.! n)'.! nu ll ,:u lt u r e 1 ,. 1,111 lnrnn~ bo1h 1lw 1fl nnd rnl tivnl<,1, SHll' I' P \ C1 .: \0E..: l ':n kn!!' 1' 1' for~il'III I ~ho n ld 111\1 ('X l 'f'f' ( I t\ve gnllfllll' enr h wh iliorwi;i:nllou r :inl' am l q unr't ho1tle&, t wutl,v latw. le 1I m1,I J!(rtl<.' 1 \ hnl. to in~11re Ille p11iserv:n i n 11 of th e n r om:1 nn,1 1 11.~nl inr n,11or or wdl rnnde : 11ne ~i ru1 >, are prefer. 11 1 ,lf' \ fnit prir e fo r g(Mll i 1
PAGE 22
rnm1 ~o lo li'J l'l 'lllli I ICl' gnlluu, whil(l 11:11 1 1 .. ,111L;; will ,.._,11 f1-..,1n (~I ,~,nt" !V ,j: 1.Ull 1 ie 1 gallon. Fi1 c,-:allo11 r,111~ will <"Vl:!l :.'.) ce u l~ ,l\llfr c 1 .. -d, eitth, or r; ce n1e 1ier gullon: v n e ,-:allon 0::111~ n ill <'O!tl HI to 1;; ce uts euch, wh i le qual"l h ol t1 P8 will co,t '--t, tll~ c a, li. Th "'l!e Jrh :-e;., u( com-.;,, <'HH 1 ,., J'C!lnre,l l,_1 1wrl"l,u~ing in tnr to l11, or h porcha1< i11 1fo:iterial ;ind l rnving 1he nm~ m11<' 1-1111 f,t 1 1m, ct i,al. ;1. ~.-lo>11lifl, pri 1wiplr~. ,uul lhu il 11,iln n nr ., nnn~ men lo I. no "' how," n~ well :1;; to 'knm, wh_,._.. ~1"la1i 1 1 lll '<:t n w) ; fll!i(l. tu oh tnl n fn)!H thr l' niCf',l ~ thrr ei 11 """'Htmlf'mlet l /Ire erp 1 nll_,. :1p1 1 l knhlc to t h, m 1 11111 furh 1re or ~ i mp f1..-,m r m f'. n11ri11g yr1 U 'l' r:q,crim~n!~ 1111,lH th e ,ti redlnn or 1hr l'nit.-,d ~111 11'11 .\grirn l 1nrnl Dr)'nrtmn1t !1nv e be<-n mn,le in J~ luri
PAGE 23
" ho 1 l~ u pub l i sl cd iu the se hu lleUn;;, Ko s. 70 : mtl 75 or th e Hur -e, rn of Chc1uistr. of t he L:nilcd S l at e!! Agr k u l tu n1I IJe1m rtmc n t. Th i~ l'C p ort su11ta in g th e !lOSition IIN!llmL'tl by m y~elf nnd o the111 11.tal }' luri,l:t und &11 11\t Oeorgln 1 r o due e c:mc t>1 1 nnl to a u_v cou u t r .l' in i;. u g nr <.'O ll lH !i('l l nud ijl; j ]l l o l rtlIU(! u n :,d (' pt. Whll ll it i s l""""'i lole to tell ''w h y" ccr min 1-('sn ll s ~ho nlP t r es nlt~ Th,:, rr ure uumloei:-,,; of chen i ~ I I' who, while the,,kno\\' "wltJ. cnt11in r~ult~ are to h
PAGE 24
"The 1 wohlema co 1111e ctcd with lhc sugor n n J starch 11rvdu"1 8 are four or fi\ e in uuwber .. t,'i,.,.tof all, the 11oil i to he conside~ d autl, therefore, ag r k u lt urn l int,:,1-e 111s11 h o ul! ra ke,ohn,lu1clyuudliugri,)m th e soil; thc_, rtlfohri c nletl 1, y th r 1la11tfrom l h1l111111 )ll; J1hcream l wate r ; b e u re, 1he ,ml e uf ~ ndt i,ro,Ju c 1 ~ ([< )('~ u u t 1 end to im1,01c r l11 h the ~oil. T he ~uils of 1 >'/orlrla Il l\ : largdy of ;I M ll 1 11y kind of~oil. '"The "''ronU p !'O\Jlem to he co n si dered ii! thnt of fer t!l11.f'11'. T'el'l,np s the e iM no Srnk mm~ fnv o ,ubly Hirn in1"t:Mjl()dflf ( ertili~11'. You hn 1ehere in .. ;,: h a u~tillle 11 '!'J tlsh ~...-11p nnd 01hcr n ni nrnl ..-f n f"<', ~-0:1 h:ive tll'l'elll! lo l a 1 ;;,.,,, ijlOrt-,; of nilro;...-<,n. Th ro ugh yo ur ~en 11 < 11""I~ ~fol"CI! of fer !lli Y.r.r 111/lleria l", l! l!ch ;,~ 11i 1 r; 11e of ~ot l n ,m,J pMn ~ h s.-ilt~, r1>n 1~ h1onght from ~ 01.11h Amerkn nu d Ge1uny. It would be hard to fi nd nnr ot h e r por1iuu of our cmrntzy whf'1\l fs1 >< q1111nt1ly. h<'fore t h e l:!pnni11h \\'ar we 111i1tl c nnly;1h o ur::oo.f11 J0 1.,u aho111one 1 aii. p,w1, ~ i<'O and the, l'h ilip11i n c,,,_ nil o f whid.1 ~ives 1111 ln r i:c nddHir,1rnl qm rn t itirij o f ~ n;:rnr Thi ll ycnr we will prnd111"1J :1bo11t wo .nno ton11 of})(.et s11-nr, 80 1hnt at the r;:7;.;;n,;r l ;,;;c 1 :~ c 1 ~.1:; n :'. e "~~li~~1 1 1~: ;~;;e f1~t1;~;' f 1 ~':;~ rt: 1:1>
PAGE 25
25 tnal'kct w it h int:1 "eet rnnnvt howel' cr he gr~w n i n F l oritla prolita hl,1. lJ (!1e you nm~! tle1,t,utl 011 t h e s n1.,:n1 caue for ~ugnr. und UJ'l!ll t h e c u M< nrn uu d 1101a 1 0 for l\l t:u..-h. P rom 111:n't.'h J;!:h1cose cn n n l ~o l ,e rn11dc. a u,t it _.ms to me t ha i11 ,he ]]('Ill" fUIUl'e the ~!11Cf'l!;e indn ~ 1f)' will Jll.ll3 from tli' 1 o ho ld 01" 1nnrk"I~ .,f t h e "rnl ~/Inc ;,:1-011 11 in tl;c 111ighborhood ca n lie marm for-1n1L-d 11nrlerM1amfa r dronditl o n M. "Tl_, 1 he de,,el.-..pmrnt nf 1lH 'l!t' J!rf>HI iml11~tril.'!', ~ n i;:-n r nml ~hm h n1 nk !ng. in <'l nding tnlolc s irn p~, 1111t old Wt>1ilth idll in tliP IH :1rfnt11reflowint0Flor i 1la. From l> qJrod1wl ~ of 1!1P fo r l o r ie~. immrn~e qunntilie! .-..r rattl<' f(ln( \ c:111 J ,... nbtai11c,l.Jwtil fromSlH!"ll l" C llll C lllld 11,., ~1:n~'h p1
PAGE 27
PART II. INSECTICIDES, FUNG I CIDES AND SPRAY I NG CALENDAR.
PAGE 29
FUNGICIDES, INSECTICIDtS AND SPRAY ING CALtNDAR. )lan_fuf lhCFe lhi X TUr\'8 C&IU b e obtuluetlo.lrea,J_, J>l'e 1r.111'il fr om ~Hubll' c l flllk:t~. 1 hid 1 ,.:.,ci; much time and u-oultlll in 1 11 tx h1;: them Th e fo llo wing p rec11utio m~ ~l.toul, I be f1 1 k cu into wnsi, l er1 Him 1; I -Cm~ ~lu) u l,1 be tnke11 to. kee p a11! 11ul.o;11a11\'.'e!i em ployed in s 1, ruyi111,l whc,-e 1h ef t 'i nrnot be gotten at und u se d h,1 ruiktake All s ub ~tm,ec,. ,.hould he cu r toctl~ tnl!eled. :! -Sol 11tl m1" 11nd 1 ui:ct11rescoot nini11g copper11ulphute, ('Orrot!ive ~11b lim n 1 e :uid nr1 i n wood. gl~"-l! nr eai(heu 1"C~ $e l s :i .\11
PAGE 30
30 ing the wu t er cauti ously aud 011ly in 11umcicn1 urno uut t oi11 @11retbo r oug h 11 l nki11g. Aftcrtho r o u ghslukiug,more ,n11cr c a u bon ,h iellun d Hlirrt-J i n until it hit s thein ~iMtc 11 1y or th i ck c !'e'J.D.L. W beu 00th are cold, pour the l irn u in to 1 1.i e t.lilntetl co 1 11ie ~olnti o n or 11:,1 u lrc d 11.trcngtb, slmiuing it 1hr oug h :i ii n e-me,;h ijieve o r II gunny cloth, and l bo1 011ghl.1 mix. 'l'hc ~tundnrd miittutt!i Ill'(!: ( n ) 2 5 gnllo11~ ( full s t re ug t .h so lu tiou, Ul' 4-,1 25 fo r n m la ) \ I.> ) CiUg: 1ll ons{h alf sl 1 cng(hu,ixt111-c ,0 1 4 .. 1 5Ufor 1u11 l n). l t i ll theu rcmJy le lrnl!I r n.~ ueo1ly l.> 1.'cn ~.q..,t"ie n cetl in ~ paring tb c J:onfo;rnX lli:r. tm, :. Cun i.buuld l>e take n that t he llm e is o r good {]Ulllil.,y uud ,.e ll burn e d, :ind lu l lil not ~11 ; 1i r -slnk <:d. W h ere lil lllllll 11.IIIOU D IS of lime : i re 1!1l:1Jwtl, it i !f m h isa h le to UIM! hot ,.-ater. Th e l irue .:bo 11 ld not he n llo wed to be come ,lry in 11ln ki11:;: neither 111.to u l d I t bet. -o me entire l y ub merged i11 wnte,. Lim e slal.-:e,; belit \\'hen ~nr, p lied with ju~l e n ough w1 1 ter to de,elor, n l nri:,i :11nom11 M bent, whidt renders the p T'O<'eN! nc c iv e. 1r t l 1c nrnount o r lim e I~ ln~ u flldent, there i~ d n u ge r or llllrnini,: tender f oli r1 1,!e Jo or d er to o lwi n t e tLi s, the u,h"111nJ cnn \.le t, ,,.11 ,d wi1h II k u irc hln de or with ferro ry,u lid il or I "' '" ,ium ( 1 cw .. tot, or i; oz of wn ter). Ir the t1111ou,1 t of 1in1 e 111 in ~ ulllc ieu t cOJlfl'Cl' will be 1lc (l 0>1 i ted 011 i hl' lmif .. blad e, w h ile a dl'C(' J.,row ut -1h-red color will he impn te1t to1herni:i:t11re"h en ferr o f y nnldenfJJt> t nuium i11nd,led. Lirne ,hould he : 1 dded unti l neith<' r tcuc t io 11 f'>t'C 111~ A l!-.ligbt exCCAA of lime, however. i, dl"11i1nble The 1lo, ~lea u1 11.ixture i s be,t ben flr, t prepored. Stock 110 l u tio 11 11 o f lim e n od w ppe r <.~t n he no ntle and 1ub ,ed when retinired 2 Tb e followiug kno w n n, th e ti -& 50 forum ln ill in ,ery; ;;ueraJ n se V1,0111ubco r 1pe r sulphn 1 ... -lpm111dslimc. NIA"a1I on s wnter. 3. llO I H)EAUX M I X'l URE FOH l'f ~ACH l ~O L I AOK 1' h1! n111tle:111x )!i,o:lm-e . 1 ordio11HI~ n1>plied, fre u ently iu j ure,, l o so m e ei:tcut t~e folla1,,-e or the peac h ec c <'n u s lnA" n ~hoth ole e lTe d 011 li e leOYca. Thi~ in
PAGE 31
jurioua effect haa been ijh0 11 'n tu l,e lnrgely o b viat ed by the u11eof the following : 3pouudseo1\r,ers u l phu 1e. t;pon n dslim c. GHgallonswntcr. Th ia ill lrnow11 !18 t he 3 (i .5() formn!a. Some cxped meuteno have n!so l'('('Oll)mc!l d e d the following tor Jle:uh foling.,: ( 11 ) :!-:?-511 fo1"111ulu { Cornell Agr. E:qi. Stu. llull. 180). /1, ) :;.1 1 r;11 fonnnln The lutter courniu~ three tinws OB mnrh lime 111 wper ijul1,lrntc. B OIW l ~.\UX 1rns1N MI XTU l rn. l:ipoundSrt'llin. l1JOtmd po ta s h lirnc. 1pint6sho i!. flgallons11nfl!r. T o mnke 1 -et i11 ,:iolnll<>n. pince resin 111,d <>ii i n o L:ellle n nd hc: ,t until re:11in !~ ,ll11eolved Coo l 11liJ1:htl.' und then :u ld lye ll lo1vl,v and ~ i r . \gain p!nc,e t!,e kettl,i on:,, the fire. :'ld d the requir1,l 11rnon111 of water n u d allow the ll'liolo lfl Loi! n u til it ll'lll mix with r.old \\'III C I', fnrmil.l;! an 1 u u!J1:ir olored soln tlon. l' nL:e 2 gallo11s M the re~in "' lution nnd :uhl to it Ill i::-11!1011~ ot water. \ll x thi" wi!ll 40 i.nHon"of llor,l eunx Mi.~lurt. ](eeom m e m k< l for '"1~1rn)'.!,11" Ru ~ t on :1<'(<-01mt uf its odhc,, i,r )H 'OJl(' r1 i('!<. IS. Y Agr. Exp. i;i. 1". lfle n evrtl n1111. t"8 l. fi, \ CCrt \R.\'rF. OF CO P1' 1';11. 4 1.-:,11nd~ roppers111r,hate. 4 ponnd~ l ime. 4 pin t~ mo!11~1r n nd m i ic 11 it h lhrl i m('. 81l r 1horo11i;ihl.' AIU.I let it ~tnn d for a few h,,1111<, lliM>n l t-P 4 pou nd ~ of r opper in JO i:iallon" o f waler ' "' 1 '1 i! into the litll l'nl11."!''"' "olution. 11hi!e ~firring h1i "kh-, .\11,."the rni .'r tu,,to,wttle. ll r:,wofT therlrn r 1tr('(i~h ~"l111inn for 11"1'. Tirrnrnm('n,lnl in l 'rnn'f> "" n ~11l,~1it11l fo r l h t !l n1d ,r111:< ~ l i~h ,...
PAGE 32
AMMONfAC \L CO l 'l'~; U C :\R U ONA'l'J::. 5 uu11<: c 11c o 1 ~rc111 bonnl e ;1pint11ammonia (2G 0 lleauuic ). 50 gu ll o u s wu1 er Di ~S-O lv c t he co])Jll I" c ar bonntc in u mmonin. Thi s may h e k c 1,t:m ylcn gth o ft i mei11 a gla11&-11to11pered I M ) ttlen nd d il ut ed ln r he re<.1ulre d ,s1reng1 h. The sol u tioa 1()11(! s trc ngth o11sta nd i n g. l AU C t-:l..ESTK (/Jluc ll'al cr ) 2111 rnn d S001Jlll'r8 ul 1 1 t m 1e l, 1 1 rnrtnmmon i a 50~nllon~wuter J)i >!i!O l\'\ : t hecop 1 ll.'rsulph:1le in Gor8gullo n s of wnter; th e n 11d tl the ummo n ia 11. 11d ,Jil u te t o 50 or 60 g a llons of wat e r. C OP P ER c. um O~ ATE MI X TUHI!: 1 po1m d M j J J )() l" CII L"looll Ule. 40 ga11o u s wa 1r r. :\.li :i: tl ie to11 1,er carlunmlc with a small quantity of wa ter t o m aken 11a ste; the n dilu te 11 1h the required UJQ O UDt or 11 ate1. F or rrnit ro t of 1he p ea ch, et <:. ( D el aware .\11r. E).'.\J S in .. BnJI. XX l X ). CO l'P E R ACL'TATE. G ounce~ copper ncctu! e (Dia l m~lc A, dn te'i. 5 0 ga llonswa!ct. f'ir1
PAGE 33
" 11 COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTlON. (Weak 8ofulion .) 24.ouncearopperaulphatc. 60gallon11w11ter. For trees i n folin ge. 12 POTASSIUll SUI.PR IDE 3ounce11potal!8iuw sulphi de. I O gallons wa ter. Valuableforgooiieberry mildew,, etc. 13 POTASSTUM PERMANGANATE. Jp art pot11.ss.iumpen 11 11nganate. 2iirt8t
PAGE 34
.. be taken ill hu111llin g ii, n o fi houl,J the nenl e tl p ota loe s be c11lt>-n by stocL:. 'l' h e eolution should not he mat.le in 1u('tallie,esscls. "' t-'QIU.IAl,IN. (PorP01,itoScab ) 801mcesfol'!l1alin(40% so lution ) t5gallouswu te r. Ullt'd for the 11nme 11u r 1'10l;e WI ,;orroaive 11ubli1nate, but not poioonous. 1 nuuert
PAGE 35
'l' loi~ ius.:cti< itl e hn s been ,-c com HH!nded hy a numt>e, of Rxp e 1 i111e 11t Sratiou~, but bus not yet !:,een 11uffic i ently te ste d :H 1hc )lmi.ndmsct1ll Srnt ion to receive :i n e u donoemc11t 20 \l!SE:\ '. \TI: (H' LL\ U 4 uuneesflrscn a1eof11oda ( 5U W, strength) ]lUllllt'.t'~!lt'e!aleoflead \!i()gnllouswnter l' ul !h1, :wi;:eua t e of ~ otla i n 2 '-l'a r tN o! wntel i11 a wooUeu 1 m il, m1
PAGE 36
"' 2 1 ui;::sJN J.11!.fE: M I XTUltE. 6pou nd s 1ml verized resin. lpouodc o n ce ntrotedlye. lpinttlzh orothernnlrnaloil. figa!lonaw ate r. l'l acet h eoil,l"Clli naod lgnllo n o rh otwu !er i naniro n k etlle andheat Ull the rel! i n l'aO ften s, t hen a dd 1he l ye 11nd ,; Ur thoroughly; n ow add 4 ga l lons o f h o t ater a nd boil till n little will 111ix 11"ith co ld wn ter nnd gi ve a clear, 1m1lier-col orod J hp.1 id ; add water to make up 5 gallo ns. K ee p t hi s 118 a a1ock l!O Ution. F o r us e, tnke l ga llon of lltock 1Joluliou, l 6Jf nll onsw ater, 3gallou s m ilk of lime pound Pari s 01'1.~U'I'he object or thi8 preparation h 1 to obtai n an arlheirl ve wate1ia l w h id 1 1r dll ca1111e the poi son t o adhere to ~mooth l eaves. lt b aa been h i ghl,.recom m ended by the New Y o r k St a te (Geneva ) 1-;.i:perimen t Stati o n 26 T ,IME, S AT.Ir AND SU J. PBUR. ( Oregon Formula.) 50pound1
PAGE 37
27 CA.lWOJ.lC AC IO E.\lllLl:l JO N. lpomidha1'<1 so11p,11ho.ve
PAGE 38
38 :1.i I IO RUE Al lX ~ 1J X'l'UXI~ Al'i"i) ,\ mq. ;:,.r n: OF L l llU:. J 11ua1111nr l!(! n ittJ ofli1ne(m.ndeh,1 ro,. 11,11l ;1 1' 50 gall11nK 1t ,1n l eu11x :\lixHJL-e. !i4l.\ P M IXTUlrn \ l l aodfo rlVhit cny.) 1lmr1>onp ( I0-,;cntl'he). :ignllonij\\'Ofcr. Allflly warm, AA i l lhicke n ~ 011 cootiu~. r: ccouuueufled for rOl,O,l mildew, ,-e,J ~ 1 ,idc1, phml lice. !!IC. An .r common l:11.101.lr~w.:, p. p 111tir11 1>1 rl,1 1he yellow ,u!in !tml l lll, d itu!O h ed I pountl of 1:10 :,p 10 US o, '.:?O g11llon11 "' w11ler, i~ un c n ldcn t np 1 1licallon fo r white lly. red .. 1 Jhmt lke, e1r. The 1 ulditio n of ] JM)mul of !'.1ri~ ~'IWII tu e:wh 5H !;;1!1" 11 ~ ( i f im,111 ~0l1u io11 n tl d~ 10 i!>:1 efli r ir nry. 'l'he1 '(' i;; rrvhahlr n o WIier for11mln f.,r whi1c l l y tl,nn the AllOW !. t :rpinl pw 1 s of ~0; 1 1 ;;o lntiou nnd ~ 11 11 ,lrnr "~h 11111de h y di !li!O hlng 20 p111u11l;; o f ~nlpln1r wi1h 10 j)Oll!ld., of ,n1111 t k s<><: la i 11 a m Ofilt -c ,:..-ellt11t gunernl n pp H,..ntio n. 8ulp!Jnr w:1;.h ;,. 1'"'1~11 ,e d Ril follow11: l 'i r l!C mi:-t 20 pounds or flowe l! of ,< U lp lm r in to a 1,n11 te wit h ctlll\ wnter. then mid lO f)011nd 11 uf 1 ml1,:,1izn l e; 11111 tic irmd n ( !18 %) Tll(l tl i11SO h i11 g l_yt will boil a11d 1i,1u eft t h e ij ll\phur. \\'al!'r 11111111 h r 11d< nf th i11 i~ "nftlden1 foi!"iO :;:11lon., of ~ll ll.'I"". i,in;: 11 sh,..111,tlh ., f '.! 1 ...111111\s of ~11 1111t1n anmhlnnlion wit!J olh'r initlllli!y uf wahr. Nprnl pnl'IM of flow('r, 1 ,f M ll lph111 and ~Ion~ 11111, . CHl\"('ni <'ll! rp 1nnt il y i~ pr< p:tll ll hy t;,~in!. ,~\IUl/11< of 1<11!11hur mul l'.i pound~ of liuw a111l IK,iliu ~ ,,r I ~11llr m s nf """'''t' n u ti l t hP i11
PAGE 39
3' grcdicnts combine, forming o llro wn i~h liquid. '.fhis rnay !Jc di l u t ed to make mo gallons ofspmy. Alm08t any of the insecticides wHh wh i ch I. he ~ulphui ap1 1 licution mayhemt1tle will kill theleaformst mites, \Jut t he udrnuuige of the 1mlphur orii;e,1 from the fact tha t it fo11ns an ndhering coa t ing on tlie leitves w!Jich ~ills t he ro11ng mi1es coming from the eggs, which u1-e er~ ,-es i srnnt to th e n c tion of tile iusectkitles t1UPi n~ c i n f c s ted 1111]('1'.~ protC<'lf'd l>y the ~nlr,h11r d c po ~i i
PAGE 42
.... ,"g CM.D"O..
PAGE 43
.. ,._ ... -1 --, -~ .. .. . ~;~k ,.::= J
PAGE 45
PART Ill. CROP CONDITIONS.
PAGE 47
DIVI S ION Of THE STATE BY COUNTlt S Following a r e t h e di viijion1 or the State. nnd th e co nn ti"8 conta i n ed in eacb: No1tbern Divi~i o n. Flanklin, Gadsdeu Ha inl lt o n, Jeffe rson Lafa ye tte, Leon, l il,c r1f Madi son, Sul''lllllll'e, TnJ l or W ak ulla. 11 Culbo,m, E~ ca rn bi a llolmee Jack s" n &inta R o sa, lV 1 1l to n, "'11~ h i ug to u .7 Northenstero Div i sion. Alachua, lfoker Bradford Clay. Co lu mbia, Duval, Nru; s au, Putnam St. Johu. -9. ~ntra l Divie i on. CHn1s B ern aud o, U1ke, J..ev .r, M ar ion, Ora n ge, l' ueco. S um te r Voh1sin. ,. ~outl:eru Divieivn. llanntee .\ l ouroe, Oseeola, B re vnrd Dud e, DcRo t o Bill ~hOl'(l Ug h T .tt Pa l m Bearh. Polk I'll. J ucie------JI.
PAGE 49
DEPARTMENT OF AGR I CULTURE CONDENS ED NOTES OF CORRESl'O~DENTS. llT DIYI BIO:S!l. Non111;11:,. IJ !\"lll/OX.-' l' bere i s little difTl'n!Ot'e In COO dlti on or ('.l"Ojll! at t his IK'n!M'.I U nu d the lllllJIC 1 .e r iod h i st yetir. the com and cotton ero1>,soff1Jigyca r r1111nln,; p rnc t icnlty the .s:unc llR In" 'l'he l:l!ene:% (lf the pl anti ng 1Se ll l!() n fol' cotton ha s mu' ~mill stal ~ s n n d 1<111;11 1 c ar s. cn u se ,J b y in~ufliele nt rno i ~ 1111 e In \ HV1 \n1 e n full -grQw u pln nt :md run Mt.~i ucntly, (1111 u"n cn r s or roru. Fr om pr es. mt indio:otion.~ it ~N.'IIIM lhat t h e co nditi on of 1h e rotto n in th!~ l'eell on ""ill n ot exceed G:! r J('r {'rnt. o r a nor 111;1I c r o 1 1, und th at ro n, \\"ill n otexce('rifo(;p(' r c{'nf.o f thenor 111 alcro 1 1. The hll_l' rrop ik J Jl'( hnhl_,. t h e! 1-1 ever m11'1e in the c,.mnt ry ,1nd lllOI'(' p e;1~ ha,e !K'en comh in c d wiTb grM!l! to p rodu ce t h e cro p th an e, e r b e foi-e, n nd will 111 obably exceed last ,eur'Hyield201lperC<'Dt. W 1tKTEn1'" 01vrRro:s 'l'h e 1-e Jij 1 :111 e dill'erenc c l, c twren U!i~ mul 1he fo r,: go in g ~ertlon in t h e fl'c~-eufai,tc of co ntli 1ion~ rrnd p1,,pc.><:1i1e yi t! ld or the vnriou~ l!tm 1d!\rd Cl'O l l3ln 1hi ~ ,,.,.cfiou t h r 'i(' h] or ,rup11 ,.ill h e ;1bont the pa me a11 .~~ 1 ~ 1 hc fo11:goin;; one. Ir nnJ chan:;e, it will be 1 1rob
PAGE 50
50 ably smaller. Th e s;uue cause!! ,:,perated to ()1tul11l-e 1he eo11di1ious aBd ~horten !he yieltl iu t his section, as in lite n,:, r thern. The hay no is the l,~"llt in many years n nd, i:,urh:1ps, is tile ;:eat,:,s t el"e 1 made in this cmmtt y, an,I will llNJb:ihlf ma ke up for the lo~~ in com nnd om crop><, tb e ](l it er ur wbkl.t w:1s 1nae 1ic allr a failure thm nghout the eu ti, -.; fn,-ming 1'<.."Ction or the no,the1 pm of the Stare. All J i,e stm,k is 111,parently iu good condition, nml we hear of uo tlil
PAGE 51
tl
PAGE 52
" Report of ConditKln nd Prospective Yield o f Cr opS, F r uit, ~nd Fni l t T re .. or Quarter End i n g Septemb er SO'lh 1 ~ 1 0. Corr. p ared will' Soome Per i od L as t Vur ~1~ aud 1 c,,, ;i~-1 so, :,,.;;1 d c;10 11 __ __ I, ~ I !~ t, a CII : 8 i;,. 8 t;,. ~~"tr~ ~~::. -~ -.~.i t ~;:tt.t~ 80 ~1: ;~~n 'J&) "!Or .. Wakulla .............. J)lv _Aver~ge !>Cr cent . / nl oun ...... r...., ambla .. H olm~ .. hck son ..... ~~:1~~.~ ~-W:ubl11~tou ........ Div, ,,,~rn1: J>('r cent. lrn & ,.,, .. llernnn,lo. 1-"k o. ~v ,.{,, ~: Ora!l i;,, . Suu,t ~ r Vo ho la .... .. fil~ .. :.: ~IJ~v:~c,:,,c.:_nt. :r--":
PAGE 53
"' C o nilltlon and I'ro,s11t, >e llv e Yle l
PAGE 54
iOO iOO
PAGE 55
:',ii Conditio n ~m l l'ro \ c1 d or Crn ~ntlnue<1. g;.~.~l ~otMoc ca".uva. l\ r,m,:1.,. l u;c.5 fi~~fl~: .: :::: ::::::::::~ J ~\~~ 1 1i~nR:.'a W u ~ln gto n .... ... Ul /\v <1r"l(<,1, erc,,n t JJ1>1~HJS 100
PAGE 56
Y. ""atnbla. JI O lm ~s J ack.on .. s .. n,a.ltoa;i. w .. un n i W
PAGE 57
" C o ndition and Proll~ttve Yleld or Cropa-Contlvued.
PAGE 58
__ ""_U _N_ .. -1 T'& .,; i pr Noa T lrCIIN l)n1 0 0 ll a111lllo11 Jeff er..... Lah.yet~. I,.,.io ..... t 1 ::r::ri T aylor ... Wakull a .. .... DI Y. erage per"""'. E ..::am~la . r .~:.:~ ....... Sant&Rou. .. Wa !too .. .. .. Wuh lng ton. DI,. Av e rill{~ p e r c e nt Br adrord, C lar .. ... C olu,nbla . St. Johno ........ .... l)lv ,\vcr11&eperce11l ... .. 1n .s 1olftru, ........ H e r nando . L ake. t ~r~: ..... Ora 11&0 ~.:~ :~ .. ...... ...... DlY. AYera.ge IH!r OO!Ot,. O IJTll~&/1 J1' 1 Q IO N De8ot0 .. 100 Rlll 1boro ugh .. 1 00 ~~;i<::. ii il 11 L:-:c-~-:::::::::i:: i: 1 1 = DI Y.Au rat;aJ >er~nt .... "" 126 "" '" " oo "' "' ,oo )20 "" ,. '" "' i~ "' '"' "' "' "" "'
PAGE 59
c .... ,11uonftn
PAGE 60
O<>ndJUon and Prot!pe<:lh e rle ld of Cror-CouUUU fl l Ouns j Or a n g<, Trees _co "'_T _ I I fit J ji .. :: " "
PAGE 61
"' C
PAGE 62
G:! Comll!ion an d l' ro11r,e<:t lve1'1 cl dorCl'Ol ,.-C0 ul\nuei: ~ Sumwr \'o!u~la D iv. Aer a ge p<,ro,,n,, 150 iW l!
PAGE 63
PAR'l' IV. F e rtili zers, P ee d Stuffs and Foods a.nd D rugs.
PAGE 65
R EG U LA 'fl0X8 OOVEn:,;1;-,0 TJrn J' \K I NO AND l-'OllWAIWING OF F E B T! LIZEt: 01( COlD IEn. CIA I F EEDINti S'IT fl ~.U l l' l ,E::i TO 1'1:lE COM .\lle;i;JONEI! OP \Onic1 1:n ; ui,:, S l ~CTI O;', la OF TUE l ,, \WS. Spcd11l 1:1mp](!!! uf Pert i liY.c r ~ or Con1111crci:il 'ce ding StuU'11 !!ell! iu IJ,l jl UN.'hll~rs, lllllh!I' ~riou 9 or !he lo-wa, ,h ull lie drawn in the preto::nre o f two rli,. i ntcre~ted wit: ~7~ ':~; r~ '.; ;e i; ';~;';' :;:~,~~~:: 1 ;;r":'.::\::'.!:~;,~: oi;s ,:11 1os1:t.ll.1' 1"01:Sl>) Sl! 11,L 1 a; l'LM" .>:I ) "" A C.lS o llOTTU:, M l ; .lJ l:U AS HS T II Y A 1 ,uusn:1C>;.i"f~() 1.11r n TO TU CO)l)ll!!,IJOS~II Of' .v:111~-r1.Trn i.\ T T 11 r .. ,1 1 ,llll!E F.. N~ L~ ,sfc 1 '11.\N' F.1 1: t1 T Ot:S<"l:~, JS , T!S ,;.,~"I HU'l"l"l,t:, Wl!.I. D I ,1,c c1:i-n; !l !'OIL ~s 11.nus. This ruh I~ 11 do11! c d lo foir ~:implc ~ of ~uftl c icnt si7,c 1o 11rnkr til e ucc eiw nry de t crmi11111io n~ mid to 11110,v 1he pn'l<\:l'l":ttio11 or u l upli cnil) ~,u u plc iu l'lt>'C of J)l'ulest ,w ll]' l >t'/11. Thi 1tnplicar ~ amp le will to e (OJ twn 111 on 1 h~ from 1hc dat e or cl'.'rt ifw nte of 111111l_r11i~. J'hc Stll!e Chem i,it is nut th e pr, J >el' <)ITlcc r to rc<:ei 'fe si, nding of F J !Ci: i11l ~ 11r n plt 'S in ra re ffl >'t_'li: IH ln complin n cll witll !:rn. ~am p llll< a r c freque n1ly eut in p ripc r p:1rl;11gt.'8 or I Jll. l) er !,oxes h:i d l y p:id :t'< I, an d fn qncntl. in n i r y ~nmll q1111111i1y (lek& 1lrnn on n, 'e) ; fr& qu e m l y the re nre no m nr l.:11 u11mh cr11 nr other m e.1 n11 o f lrlentifl <" n tlon; the J~tmnrk i11 iwme in~tnnce K \Jei ng ~ J ,...,n!, I wouhl cnll thc,1lfc 11 tin n or lhoijc who 1IL 'l;!re In ,wa il t1, c111~ehc11 or c!Jilj 1 ,ririle; rn t" F-c ct h,us !J n u tl llJ or t he law. which n11' elem nnd exp l icit. nerenftcr ~ trict r nmplinnm with nh,,,c re,-: 11!:11ion, ,,.-ill \Jert.'
PAGE 66
" A o n e (' o uud baki n g I IO Wd e r c on, J )ro pe rly d e a ned, filled w it h a fa i l'ly d !'u wu. w ell mixed s o tn p lc 1nk e n from ae ve ra l llll C k9 i~ n Jll 'O!le l ~U llll llC. lt 11hLl" f.D W ATJo:I< FOR IN D Jl" I Dl)-' L ACCOUST wu1rnm N T Ii t: l'l: 11 1. I C I S NO'r INTE R El!TED. St;C\I 1,\lll'r-K8 IJ II OU l ,D m; Ml:;\'.T TO A co~~11'11CIA L r ,&llOl<,
PAGE 67
67 tm acco mpanietl by n11y fui-tbcr iufo rroatiou, uo conclu 1i ou a~ tu the potal, ili ty aud h,nlthfulnes11of ilie water ea ul.Je ,Jetluc et in u new j ug Y et1!ll!ls 1 revio 1 ,sly u se d f or ot h er puq XJse,; are neve r prope l"ly clea n ed f o r sc n d ing aamples of wa ter roiann lysis. Co r ks, o nce u sed for other ubl! 1ances (rnola s~ es vinega r wliiskey. kerose ne, etc.) u-e n ev er properly cle 1u1ed Tn sarn1,li n g n well wtHe r, the sta)<" ltl n t wat er ill t he l llllll ]! ltlU~l fir st he I I UIUJJetl ulf T he jllg mnH fiIH l> e rin.,ed with th e water to I.le s n w pled em p tied, arnl hen fi lle d. A sam pl e uf ~pr in g. r iv er 01 ln k e wa ter i s IJeijt lHkcn ( uf lc r riusi u i;the j ug ) l>y nll owin:;:1 h e j n~ IO fi ll afl er i 111111er~ion ~omc d iij la n~ t. u nd n 1 hc ~ nrface uear the r entf'r o f th e loodr o f wnter .:-; <1T>:. \\'e Und the nc1 13 of th e Stute ~rwing~, nclls. dri l"eri we l J9 a u d an c,;in n well s-geuen.1 11 .r very pn re uud ,,.bole~ome, w i th bu t J i Hle m iu cn1 l i10p11J"i 1 y am! t h a t ~ mh us i ~ not hs1rmf11 ) F..t ... -ep t i u CU $e< of groijs cm"t:i e,.,. n rn;1'!, iu a llo w in g: ~ urfat e w ate r to 1 0111"min11h:, I ~" w ell o r sp ring:, t he watei~ of tbe Stale n, -e pure a n d w l,ole ~um e. l'h , dce11 wc!li,, o f the State are n ote d for th eil1,nrily 1111, l hcn!thfulne~-s. A:'.'L\L Y 81S OF FOO!l8 c \ND DRUG S Rnmplei,, o f F oods and Dru/!'.!' ar e dr :1 w n uuder bpe c ial N;!n lntion~. Ap1 ,lfr a1i ,, n ~ hould l,e made to the Com 11 ,iss ioucr of Agr il'nltnre or f-tn1e Ch em i st fo r the nettf'
PAGE 68
llltr ,.I' l,lanl.w, in11 tru c riou~. etc., tor dl'awing ttnd tr11n1 1n iui ug is.un 1 1!u or fo o t.I ~ and dru;;: 11, iucl u dinl:' drinl:B o r alll,;indlf. CO PIES OF J. ,\\\i;, T Wf,ES .\~D HEG l: 1. .-\l'lO~S, Al\!) S'rA:s"J l \HUS Cifo.l!n11 of tho S t nte iufor( -f'tcd in fcrtllirerl!. food11 an d d rugs, nud i11t j:l.t:uioro co n \,e hru l by nl)lilicntiu n 10 tbe ntree tor ntGaiu1,.'IJVi11 e. f-:011, A!'i"A l \'~18. W r. f t ~']l!l'Ut!y hnw ~~m t1l $ or /'Oil ~e nt i11 fo r nn.1ly11i 1 nml a i0i11c,t l o 111.ldse nll w th c 1 cs t m cthod11 or ferti li :r,. ing. EX l"<' lini;: In !':'l:fr<'l!lC <'II~, nd, M llf:'a ry Clny s, l ll'e S:md an d ~Intl. l~rntl~. 1 l mrc l s lnu l in le info rma t ion t nhed ,rind from :i AAi l nnnlpri!!th,of nouhl be o f b e ne fi t to r;11 1111:1.,.. !'lo m u t h ,lc 1icnde on t ilth drainag e, cultu r e nml 01h er : ni,nl ,unditi,11 1!< thnt nn nnn l)'$il! um dc unde1 l nh1,rutu1 ,1 condilions ie of little ,nine .I. thtm i rnl 1111:1 1. 'l'~i~ or n Mni l rn n. inil~ n re not l' "'" lm : 1 he. Thi~ i1t iu~ t,mre d hy H i e rich Snw:::-1 01t !l, mu r k 1:md~ 11ml l'i, e r h o 1t om1t of tlie S t ate, thnt Ari! fer Ille chc111kn!ly, bu t n ot pr od uctl.-c until prnperl.r ,lrai, w d_; a l" t,.,. Ille nrid l u11 d !! ot the Wl'f'I, r ic h in t lte elcm('ntsor 1,lnnr f,11,,I, !, nt ""' 1, r ,11h1cti.cu111il lr r l:::-: ,1 ed. Othn ~nil~ with!~~~ pl,rnt roo,l, but on n cron nt of pro1ie r Jh.wital rm,d!ti,m~, culture nnd til t h nre ex~'Ct..J in;!ly 1 1rnd11..t i -e The .ive ,:1;:c nf thonsnn!I~ o f : 1 nal.vl'<'s of Flori nta1'h ip<;r ,r11!.l ......... .. .... ..... ..... O.OJJfl l l' b osp!J >ric.\,ld(!Je r ce ut. ) .... .. .. . .. .. 0.1~
PAGE 69
Thi s is n fa ir merni:e of nil of th e N01foll: nntl P0n to auswer Uu11(l red R o f Jette!'!! of inqutr,f In relati ,11 1 0 ni:-ri eult ural d1e111kal JJroblem 3 fr om peop le a l l U\'H the Stnt e, Ju lhi s J(l far.10 iullnc n \'ed 1, y th e ki nd of er o 1 1 1h r. ,.,-pe of 1,o il. th e d i urn te awl l,i oluJ.:it'nl c ondi timl ij : he nce, ,,.e lln n ot !'Cnnwu-.md th i ~ nt c lhnd o f 1Clil In g ~oil. 'f he m et hod rerommcnded h.1 the lndl:mn 8tat io11 l~ t h e f, eltl fert il i ze r te1< I ot plut -"J'lu l plot ~. ev er, >' thii-tl 01 fourth on e h e in;: l eft un fertili ~ed. Th~ p roduce from th ei,e p tot11i s harve 1,;:li o g the soil tb 11t ne ftti 1af e i n recom me nding "So ll c n n he greatl y i mp roved b.1 an intellli::e n t rot tl ou nr eropa the couioervn1lon o f khtb le manure nnd !h f' 11 ,i,e of ~ome kio d of cmnmercht l rerti lit.er. Fnrm eu neP.d h av e no fonr th 11l h~ prop e r n pplicntion of co nu ne r d a l t erOllzc1 will inju1 -e The Jund."
PAGE 70
l~ISTB U CTIONS TU MA:-.'VFAC'l'UREHR AND v1 ALirns. Em : h J ll 1clrn,e or ComnM'rcia! .Fertilizer nnd each pa..:knj!e or Comruen:fol l'eedi n Stull'. nrnRt havP. Jl(!(' u1-e ly a1t111'!1eil here 1 0, a 1.1;; with t h e gu:irantet.'< I anaty~is m, quir~-d l,~ J:,n a11d the ~l:,mp !!bowing lle Jlllymcot of the lllB IK. "t'tor'a f~. 'T'lli11 provi~ion o r tli e law, Stttiou 3 o t both lnw11-will be r igidly enforced. Mnn ufaetureu und d c nltt'fl ,viii be required to 11roper ly tag 111111 st: unp emh 1 11u : ku1,'tl or Couuuercinl 1''ertili ze r or Coinmcr.-in! Fi>t:di11g Stull' nuder peuaHs lt8 6:i;ed In Sec tion (j of hoth lr1 w11 'l'u~'tl ehnll be uttacherl to th e top tmd ofencht,ag,orhtadofenc hbarrcl. IXSTR UC' l'I ONS TO PURCHASERS. l' ur<:b:t~ef"II :tre ta11tioncd to pun:ha!!e n o Commerd al F er tillzcn, or C'o1111nerdnl PCP.ding Stuff t hat doe.i not benr 011 c,, ,.,, pq.dw11,: an n nntysis tag with t he guernnt ea ~Jnired h,v l uw, n11d the stam1 i;howin~ the payment or th e in~pef'tor's fee. Goom !J lif'rl l\"i!h thel11w. Wit h outthegunr:mteetagnnd atam 1 1l'ho"A'inghnt theg>OWI are i::1u1ran1ef'!f to eo ot ain. lb@ pu1~lrn~r has no recou rM 1i::alnFt1henu1nuraC'l11rerordealer. 811cb~~are&0l d lllq!a l ly ond fra11d11l1mtl :,, and are generally of littl e Hlue. All re 1 mtoble mnnufncturcrs ond d,olenJ no eomply atrictly 1dth the lnw nnd rcgulatiom1 by J1locln 1 th e gunr1mtee tnJ! anol 11tnmp on ea1h 1mdnge. JNSTRI J CTIONS TO SHEJH}'FS. The attention o f SherifTs of th e vnriou, oou11tiet1 ia called to $tttim1 3 of bo1h law~ deflnio~ cheir duti e.. T his llepunmf>Ilt e1qieete ear h Sheriff lo 11e11!11t In m 11 in tnininl{ the law and protecting the eitizena of the Srat a f rorn the impoBition of fr11ud11le nt inferior o r delh-ient C,omolercinl F'ertllltere or Comm erdal F\.-edlug Flrnfh.
PAGE 71
71 MARKET J'HICES 0 1<' CllEmCALS AND FERTTL11/,ING .\IATEHIALS AT FLORIDA SEA l'OHTS, J.\~UAHY 1, HlIU. Lessthan tenton&. 11ndover Nitrate of SOila, 17 per cent Ammonia . ~2.00 '51.00 Sulphate of Ammonia 25 per cent Am mon!a . .. ... .... . .... 70.00 69.00 Dried l.llood, Hi per cent Ammonia ... 59.00 58.00 POTA8II. Iligh Grade Su JJbate of Pot:u,b, 48 per rent. l'.:,tash ( K ,O) .. . .. . $.:i0.00 $49,0 0 Low Grade Sul phate of Potash, 2 6 per cent Potash (K,OJ ........ .... .. 30.00 29 0 e llur lute of Potash, 50 per cent. Pot ush ( K,O ) .................. ..... 4G.OO 45.0 1 Carbonat e of Potash. GO J>er cent. Po tn~h "'K 0 ) .. .. ..... ..... .... ,110.00 Nitrat~ of Potash 15 per cent. Amrnonir 1 H percent. Potai;b (K,O) ... !J0.00 S.9.00 Kaiuit 1:? per cen1. Po tash (K,O), .... 1 3.0 0 12.00 Canada Ilindwoo(I Asl.te~ 4 1ier ce11t. l'otasl.t (.K,O ) . ........ .. 18.00 l7.00 A )D!Ol,' IA A:-"D l'IIOSPII O RI C Acrn. Hi gh Grade Blood mid Bone, 10 per Cf:nf. Ammonia, 5 .50 per cent. Pho~ plwric Acitl . ... ...... ......... $40 00 '39 00 Blood and Bone. 8 per ceut. A111moni11, 10 per cent l 'ho.~ph, ) ric Acid . .. . 36.00 35.00 Low Orndc Rlood and B one, 6 50 per cent. Arurnoniu,SJ)ereent. P l.to;;pll o ric n n.oo Uaw Bon e, 4 per cent. Ammonia, 22 pe r cent. Pho~phoric Acid .. ... .. 34.00 3..'LOO Ground Custor l'omacc 5.::;o per cent. Ammonia. 2 1ier cent l'h o~11 h oric Acid 26 00 25.00 Bri g h t Cotton Seed Meal. 7.50 per cent. Am111011i11 .......... .... .. ........ 34.00 33.0 0 Dark Cotton Seed lfca l, 4.50 pe r cent. A,nmoniu .. ... 30.00 29 00
PAGE 72
PH OSPHORIC A CID High Grade Aci d l'ho sp hate, 16 pe r cent. AvnH11b l e PhOllph orle Ac id ... .. $H i .00 JU 0 0 Acid Ph -Oflph nte, 14 per cent. Available l'ho~phoric Acid ....... .... .' ...... l,l.00 13 .0 0 Bone l.llack, 17 per ceut. Available l'hoijph o ric Aei
PAGE 73
13 NEW YOUK W H O L ESALE PRICES, CU U REN T J AN. 1, 1910 FEUTILIZER .UATER I A L S A mmonia, sulph a te, foreign, prompt, p er100JJO\luds.. ... . \!2,65@ futures ........... .. ..... 2.65@ Amlllouia, sulp., doll!estic, spot .. .... 2.6 7 @ futures ...... . .. .. . ..... 2 li5@ },'il:!h 6Cra11 dried, 11 pe r cent. ammonia andHpcrcent.bono,phosphate,r.o. b. fish works, per unit .. . . ... .. . 2.85 & 1 0 ne 1 ncidnlnted, G J)l:r cent. ammon i a,3 per cent. phoa phoricacid. f.o. b.!ish o l'k.s 2.:.m & :.15 Ground fi;;b guano, imported, 10 and 11 per cent aurn,onia and u:; 17 per cenf bone pho~11hnte, c l. f. X Y Hnlto. o r Philn ....... ... . . .... 3.00 & JI) 1'a11kab-v,llperecnt.anlll5pcrcent. f o. l>. Cbicago ..... .. ... . .. . 2.75 @2.80& 10 Tankagc, coll('l;lllh '" .t.kd, f. '-' b. Chicago, 14 to 15 l)t'rcent., l>. Chicago . ... 2 .75 @ Oarl..agc tank: ge f. o. b. Chicago ..... 8.00 @ Shee11 m mH11c c,mccntrm~ !. -0. b. n~~:~!ff ri. ~."cii;~~g~; ~ 1 t.:: ~:ig Dried h lo 01 l, 12 13 per cent. amuwnia, f. o. b. Xe,.., York . ..... 2.95 @ Chicago . . .. . .. . . .... . ... 2 90 @ N i trate of soda 95 per ceut spo t per 1 00 JI O ;~~~~ g5~1_.~~i:: .. t~Z PUOSPUA'T~!!. Acid p hosphate, per u nit .... . ... $ 5!) @l .f,0 Dones, rough hard, per ton .... . 20 50 @ 21.5 0 goft ,teame d unground . .. 1 8.50 @ 21.00 ground steamed, 1 1 4 pe r rent. nmmonin ancl GO pe r it),C:,\ b[l:n; foh~h~!:t:: : I ~t:
PAGE 74
raw ~round.al perc1:11t.um1uo n i a nnd ;JO p e r ceu t. l,011e pho~1h; 1 te . ....... .. Sou tli Cnrol ina l'ho ~pl11 11 c r oc l.:, 1m. dried per :: ,400 It..! .. r. o. b. A s hley River . ......... ........ ..... . South Cnrolinn l'h Ol! fi h :He roek h ot 11irdried r o. b A~hley River .. t 'Jortdalautlpebble ph V111h a te rock, G8 per ceut., f o. b. Port Tnrnpa, ... F l o rldn bigli grade 1 1ho.11 1 1hnte ha rd rock, 77 1 )(' r cent.,!. o. b. F lo ri da or Georgia 1~1rt11 ................ Tenne1111~Jlh()l!p h llf erock. r. o. b. li t. l'l eAA: 11,t dome11 t i c, p e r ton 78 @ 80 1 1ercent ........ . ......... 7 15pe rcent.guar anteed ... GS@ 72 pe r ce nl 2 1;.oo @ 21.0 0 ll.50@ G 75 7.00@ 7.215 3.7l'i @ ,. oo 7 @ 7.50 ti.5 0 4. .75 6.00 -&.25 4.00
PAGE 75
STATE VALUATIONS For i\n1ilnhle nnd ln1<0Julll e l' ho.OUnd lu&O l uhle l'h m;phol"ie Acid . .... .. .... ltcnt n pound Arnmouin (or it s equivalent ln nitrof.en) . $3.20pernnlt Potu~h ....... ......................... 1.10;., cr uuit With n uniform allowance of $1.50 per ton for mh:ln,: and bagging. A un it is twenty pound~, or 1 per cent, in a tou. '\Ve dud 1l1is t o be tlw ea1
PAGE 76
" If pur c bnsed in car l oa d lo lti fot ca8h, a 11!du c tlou of ten pe r cent.ca n tie mnde in 11!.>ovevnluatloua,i. e : Avn iln b l e PhOtipbori c A cid.. . .... 00 ceuu per unil Pota w h ( K,O) . .. ... 9:1 ce ni. per uni t A.wlll Ollifl torequi,ul e n t in niuogen ) . ,2.88 pe r un i t The l'a! uati ons and market pricelil in preced i ng illlllSlra tion a ore baaed 011 market pr ices for on~ton lot S TATg VALUES lt i a not i ntended by the ~tote valuat io n tu fl:r. the p r kc urcumrnertiiil lu co f II give n brand. 1'be;$tate 1'8h te11'':i re1hcmu r kc111ri ~tor tl1 cvnrio u s np 1 1ro ~ ch, ~mlcnla and nmlni tlli! u8'etl in mh: i ng or 111 :inufoctu riug CtJ IJl l!l(' r ci ol re rtili1.c1~ ur w mm er dal ~ l o<:k re(.~ nl tJ ie d n 1 c ofiuui11;;nl1 11 1!e1in,orr h eo 1icn iu 1toftb..: rrown." Th ey m ay, lJut ~Jdom do ,,iry fr o m t h e markel pricet!. 1 11 H.l are mnde lil,cl'a l to meet any ~ l igl, 1 1 uh n ce or d edine. Th ey nre <:ompileil frow p ri l-e list, and co mm ere i11l re por1~ by rc1 mtnl,le d e n iers nn d jour nal11. 'fh~ q11 C11 fi o 11 ia f~ 1u e n lly 11~1,;etl: .. Wll nt ii 'Smi th Fru it and Vi n e' 11 urt h ., e r tun?" Such n 1 111 i:s ll on cannot be m1sw er e d cmcgoricnll,v. Hy iu1u ly-.is, th e mnmonin, u 11.il aL!e pho~phori c ncid um] potn sl 1 111ay be d e termined and thtsinquireriufom1l-d whnt tile eot to r thenece!lll ary mnterial to compo und a to n of gl!()(ls a i111itn1 to Smit!' Fruit a nd Vine" would be, u s iug u one hut a cc ept e d and well known mat er ial s o r the best qu:di t y. S late vn !UCII d o uo t ron11l dcr t ralle 11e1: r et11," JOiia o u b sd bill~, co,;t of n dvcrtlllemdl t 8 a nd e:t J lefllielJ o r oollec tio m1. Th e 8ta te 'l'Hl u e" 11 i;i m p l y 1h11t p rke a t wblcl\ thll vnriou11 ing re d i e 11 111 uecc111,mr~ t o u i
PAGE 77
I -: ~=~ .. -. ... ~!:r~:!~?,~! ~~ .. :J:.: ;:~I:: ...... ::::: ~:} ~~ 1 ;',.,~.'&"i i ~!l': I~~ :i 1_ ~_1_0 __ 1_,J..: ... :!: Knlnlt . 1 3 to \2!. ..1.. '" I : !~~~~n:~:t u.:i .,,::J :.:'. :l ; .. :~_:_ :. .; l!Or f'.
PAGE 78
78 FACTOJlS F OIi CONVERSION 'T' or.0 1,ve1tAmmr.nln Into nltr ~'t'n, mulripl~ bJ.. 0.8?.A Ammonia iutu J)rotein, multiply by.. 5. 1 5 Nitr1>i;enintoornruo11ia,multlplyhy.. 1.2 14. Kitrote of soda into nil'rogeu, multiply h 7 .. . .. O.l(l.17 Nitrogt,n intoprolein.multiply by.. 6.~ Bo 11 e phOllphate into ph osphoric acitl, molt i !l l y by 0.458 Ph llllphor ic acid into bonll phtlflphate, multiply by 2. 18' U nrlnte Qf ) HlCa~h into nc1 u AI potash, nrn l tiplJ" by 0.0.1 2 Actnul pota!!h Into 1uuri.1te of potiuh, multiply by 1.583 Sulphat e o f potlll!h iuro actual potas h n111lti1 1 ly by 0.5U A ctual 1>0tasb Into ~u!phute of potn@h, multiply by 1 .85 ll itrateof potll ah In to no trog 1.m, m11lt!pl,1 by... 0.139 C11.rlio11ute of potalib iuto nduul JJOtush,mvltiply by 0.68 1 ~c tu 11 J potash i nto c:ll'booatl! of 110t11~h,multiply by 1.466 C!ll<'rine. i n 'kuinlt," mu lt ip l y potash (K,O) Uy .. 2.33 lfor inBtance, yo u buy Mi p er cent. of n itrate of iroda a nd want t o knuw how mud, nitrogen i 11 in it. multiply 05 per ce n t. h y 0.1 61 7 yon will get 15.GJ Jler cent. nitrogen; you l\ IIDt t o know bu" mu cil ammouia thi~ nitrogen ia equ ivnlent to, th,:11 muJtijily Hi.r;;; pert-ent. by J.~1-t a nd ou !(Ci 18.\J:J 1 ie r L'
PAGE 79
" la w-1\lthou t c h ari;-e-tbe l uijpectiou !etlll covering 1he C(>llt of nualpi11, air well ll.S iUijp.!Ction h a a do u bt l ei<8 b a d 1 clir~t iatlue n ce UJ)l)n til e hicreased quality of the good 11(.J!d in the Srn1e. \\'hen properly d rawn, eealed, wit n~d uud t runsmittcd, the S1iech1I Sample" b u 1 1 rove J 1 u!egunrd 10 the conirumer, l('gitimate dealer all(! ruau u f 11 et urer a11d a cheek U I IOll the carelefSII lp:ior=t, o r fraudulent vendororwau u facturer. It furni1l1, tlrn cm'llume r witll. th e tome proterc t i on rkmandc d by tM u.111ufacturor, who b uy, h it muteria U 0 11/y UJ1<.m the 91ia,'(l11/ e u, aud pay, for t h em OC<,-Ording to 1 ,10 / yaia. n.r far tbe l arge8t amouut ot co mm e r cia l f c r tilii:en need In Florida are umuu!actured or mi xed by f actories i 11 th e State. Large nmonn1a of ferti l izing mnt e rial1 are hnpoMed d i rect by factories a n d deateni l~ated It ou r aen p ort citieti; cargOtc'll o f p,otal! h 11nltl! direct f rom Ge r mauy are now frequ t ntly reetived b y F lorida impo r t er . Flor id o consumerM m ay n ow pn r cbn se th e i r fe r t ilb.el'II a nrl chernic3J~m}'Jorillnse11por1easc h enplyuent1 w yo f the ~:1portsoftbecountry, 'fable11 of the nveroi:;e co m()Olllb't!
PAGE 80
so AVERAGE CmIPOSITJON OF oom,nmCIAL -==~ (''j'j'~s ~l i; t I Bright Cotl'n Seed ~Ieal (l.35 3!1 ; 2~0 7.so l 5 80 Dark Cotton Seed M llll l 20 00 22.f.l0 :11 rn 5 .5 0 5.0 0 Lin i,.cc d M.: a l old pi'UCeSII . .~.c~_1 ~ew pro Wheat Uran. Wheat )l i ddling a 7.50 !lti.70 3G.00 7.20 5.30 8.4() :l(l.10 3fo.70 :I.GO 5.2 0 0.0 0 15 .40 53 90 4. 00 5 8 Q 5 40 15.40 6::tA0 4 .10 3.2 0 Mixed FCM ( Wh e at).. 7. 8 (1 HUI0 54.40 -t .80 5.30 Sliip Stuff ( Wheat). 5.GO H.60 59.SO 5.00 3. 70 Corn (grni11 ) Corn )Jeni Corn C ol>$ 2.tll 10.50 69. GO 5.40 1.50 l.9(l 9.70 US.70 :l.80 1.4.0 30.JO 2.40 51.90 0.50 1.40 Corn and Cob Meal. G fJ0 8.5 0 !l4 .SO 3 50 1.ti0 Hominy .Feffi 4.05 10.GO 65 30 7, &; 2 5(1: Coni a nd O a ts oqunl parts . ... .... 5.70 10 50 04.20 4 40 2 20 Corn and O: 1 t Fectlij,. JZ.10 8 .70 GJ.70 3 70 3 2Q Har l ey (;;rain ) 2.70 12.Jll G!l.SO I.SO 2 .ft Tlnrle;I' Sp1ont 8. 10 f.lO '.!7 20 42.70 l.flO 8.30 B nl'le,, nnd Onts e(]ua l 1 n dN 1uo 1 12 .10 GI T:i :1.40 2.7'
PAGE 81
81 AVEHAGF. (,'O.\IPOl:!J T ION' OF CO ll.M lmCJAL F1'JED ___ S T V F ~ l ?S(Orml fo1wd .) NAlllS OF F>J!W i iJ J i j I & ~I Ouu ( gr1tin) fl.GO 11.SO 50.70 5.00 3. 09 Uic u ( i,-nln) Ric1;1 Urnu Rice IIulla Rye {grninl .. Rye l\r:ln \J.1 0 IG.00 59.40 7.1() 3. 70 0.20 uo w:::o run u o fl.50 12 .10 4!).00 8.80 10.00 ar..10 3.60 :IS.60 0.10 1 3.20 1.7 0 JO.GO 72.50 I.70 1.90 3.~0 14.70 G3.80 2.80 3 .60 Wh1 :it ( grain ) t. S U .l l.00 71.00 2. 1 0 1.80 Cow l'c11 . 4..IU '.:O.SO 05.10 UO 3. 20 Cow l cn lfo~ 20.10 l G.liO 4 2.20 2 .20 7 .50 V e h-c t llennsnnd Ou lle 0.20 Hl.70 51.30 4.50 3 3 0 Velrot ll NI U R:1. ;r '.!!J.T(I H.70 41.00 I.TO 15 .70 ~nrweed [ Jny. Wil'(, Gruss lln y . 2.i.70 21. 7 0 30.20 2. 30 1 0. 90 31.S0 5.50 4 8 .60 1. 50 S.80 Cotton Seed ( whole).. 23.20 18 40 24.70 J!).00 3.00 C.Otton Seed Bu lls 44.40 4.00 36.00 2.00 2.to Gluten Feed. 0.30 24 .0 0 0 1. 20 10 .GO 1.1 0
PAGE 82
8 2 OOMMERCIAJ _. 81 A'l'J,: VALUES OF l'BEDSTUFF!i FOi.i 1!.!10. J<' ur t he ;;eai;ou o f WJU IIJc foll o i11g S1a1e n1lucis" art: lixe d aij a gu i dC' 1u pur, 11 .,~~ r~. The~ mines are IJaw d ou the current p r ice of coru, whkh l,a~ IJeen dLOS(' u a~ a ~fa11dard in Uxin)! thf corn mercia J ,aluet!; tLe pr ic e uf ('urn, t o n hn i.:: e i :rlcn t, gor ei-ninglli e vrice ofother f eeds, pork lte(!f, elc.: CoMl!ERCIAL \'AJ.UKS 01' }'r. USTUFFS F'()R 1:/10. P r otein, 31 ce nU! 1er p o und ....... ... fl.') cen t~ p e r unit Starch and Sugar, 1 rents per pound .. :10 ce u(s JJ<~r unit Fat.II, 3 eeots per pouod . . . G5 reotl! per unit A u11it lleing 20 pounds (1 per rent) of a too. ludinn coro llei ng the i;tamfard @ $31.00 per ton. To find the C_ ,. tile price per unit. E x.U IPL" No. l. BOMUfY FEED Prot e in .......... .. 10.~ 0 x Gtie f (i. 83 Stai-eh and S ugar f> 5 30 :i: :me, l!l.r.!) Fol . .. .. . .. ... . ......... 7.85 :i: Gr,c, 5.10 J;tate va lue per ton ....... ..... .... ... $31.02 E:1 01PL1:No.2. CORNProte in ...... .. . . . .... .. 10.!;0 x ft''ir, J Cl.S:l Rtnrrh n n d Sugar . ... ..... .. <.fl.GO x '.lOc, 2fl. $$ Fnt ............ .. .. ..... .... 5.40 x na e 3.51 State rnlne per ton .... .. . .... .... . .. ~!ll.22
PAGE 83
s, FOmf{ T J.AS. T here are fre.-1 uenl i n,1ui rif'>t for f 1riou~ cro r 11, ; t here a~ huudreWI "r >'n..! ,, Lli~hed; and wh i le th ere are lwndrt ~l" o i 1 11<1,nd ,e 1ar ia lion ~ in these gr:idcs are ~urpri.si ugly !ittlC' llo uw .s or "Br:111,b" put U] by t he 8/llll C n1anufnc111r e 1 nr e ideulku l g, "lnt,nvai lablepbos1 1horic ncld ti p e r ce u t, uutl 1 w:, tn~h 7 4: per cent l'h e fol lo,du 1, formul:1" will fumi i;IJ the necl'!f C oHon Seed M eal ( 7 .. 2i H) ... 3.!5 Ammon ia SflO pound o f A ci d Pllophate {16 1><1r ce nt) ... 6.~0 An ll able 300 poun d 1otM11 r l:ne(orS,,Jplllte) (/iOpere<:ntl 7.50 Potull Slllte v a lue mix e d i nd bagsed ........... f!G.55 P l aut fi"" oo d 1>erton.. 343 po und9 1 000 lbs ot B lood n nd Done IGl -8)...... . '1'2?':~mo n! a t (Jt. (2G))C r~nt) 1 so l'OIIU h SUie value m!J"'1 and baj;gcd l' !.,11 Food ~r ton .. .. f2H8 3G0 l)OUndJI
PAGE 84
10 11,. or Oded nln1><1 nr. per cut). .. ...... l p~~ 2f ~ :;mon 1a lO (I ll.,.or Nluato n f t;od n (l j p(lr e,int ).. 8.00 Avall.o.bl e MO O lbs or A dJ l'h" l!])h~te (16 pe r een t) ..... 1 .MO l'ou1.1!t iOO lb1 ot L o" <;ra llmlr of S<>dn (17 pe r cent):::) 4 A,.,u,on l 51>0 11 .. of A d,! l'h.,.,phate 116 r,ercent).. ... 8 A valla bl 4 1)() l~uf MurlAl eof ['Ot ash (6 1} [lerc,,nt) .. 10 i'<>t&~h R 1 no,Atuemlxc, tnnd l,a:, ged . ...... $33.M l'l'lF OOd p ~r ,on. HO p011 ndll Jh s M C~or l'onutce CG--% pe r ce nt) ... p~~i;~~=n la ~6(111 ,. ~r i;.,11'. of Am. t25 oe r cent) ., 7.70 A.-atl.o.ble ll,.nfA<-fdl'l111spb.a!e( l 6perc,e 11l) .... t &Ol'ot&sh t OOlblorS111r.o (l'ot t4 8pe rttat) ... !lla t ,u l nemlxc,I and bagged .. ... U!.56 Plant ooa per ton.. 4 H POUu da i OO lbs o f Cott oa Ree d Me~I ( 7U! ll). } J OO ll o fl\'.ltrAlrolSoda{ l7per oe nt). ::::: l.9TAmmon 100 11, ~n f So,Tn. of Arn. (26 perce n t \ .. .. .. .. 8.3 0 AYllllab le M)O ll >1of Ad ll' hoa 1hate (l~p@ r ceot) .... 8.9 7 Pot.ai,b 4 001b1 or S o l1.1.of Pol H h(t8percent) Rl~te uh l e m ixed &Od bai;pd U !.U Pl ant Food pe r too.. U 5 vouod.t
PAGE 85
11-P. ~ o~ ... """""' "' 0"1lCU, L nlHnl.l ..... -> ,C, , ,o,. L HD"' .._ _ ,_ ...,,,...,.. .... ,.._ ,c_., ..,,,..~ ,.,..,.., .,n,, .. -
PAGE 87
":::::'. '"''" Ti I r I r~ 1:c" --"" ;;]:~J:},1)i~:.
PAGE 91
. "' "' c "" '"' .--mNG l!TWr ,~ _, .,..._ " ... .,~ ..._ .,_,,. ,.._ __ T,. ,. .. ,._,. ...,u ... ,.,_ ,,..,., ..,,. .. .., ,. t>. 1 -.
PAGE 97
DEPAJITJ,UUfT or .f.OllllJULTVllE-DIVISIOII or OHDIIST'&Y. I .. __ .nho .. ::::~:::..... .. :, .";._----
PAGE 99
Dt.:U.RTMl:NT or AGRICULTUiti-DIVISJON or CH!:MlllTRY OOD AND O~UO UG< l 0" A M 0 kY A rn_._,,-_,~ .._.,,._T"o, "'" -u .... ._,_ o , > I.., .,,, ..,.,.,,. ,LY ... l'1~
PAGE 100
~1 I l,~r =1= F. ~== :: _:: :: ,::..:: .;:_ .. ~; ::::=: : : :: ::: -~~-.. ... .. ........ -~' i ... _.., ... ~.. . ....... .... ,..,..,... _____ __ __ ., ., ..... . .... ",,._._,,., .. N ....... ""'"" "->.-<>0-.,J ... .,.,,., ...... f ... 0,. ...... . ._ .,_ .,,..eu , .............. ..... ... --.. ~""""-'"'"~' ,.. .,,.,,. ,,., _ .,,..,_ n .. ,..0-. ......... ... .. .. Yu ,-.., a t.oYMC-.. J- I .SI.,_,..,,,.,.,,._,,_
PAGE 102
H I'.! DE PAR TMEN T OF A G RICULTURE DIVI S ION OF C H E MISTRY It I-:. HOSE, StateC,'llem i l. fo 1111 <1 nr,r ~ nr.v to ba .. e 1>1a11d11nl~ , r ~ iren .:rh ,.,,. I IH' ,lr ;.: l< :, tlm ini~l!rt'd m ,d conv e n ient to h : we Ji l.ewi>. M 1hr phn,rnnciKI 1n 11 ~ :wd J1rn, e the ,-.,m1, 1(' t11 : ,L'1\ I OW N I "Ii"" ii. In ~0 11\P .. uu itiL"' 1llp 1 1 nhli<'n t ion o r th e l' hnnu,uo poin b ur u l(,,r thP ,J ir,d c ,>11trol or the Oo.en1 men 1; in th~ l' nilf'l l !'lrnr. .... it I m~ fnr 11 h o111 n hull dr e rrn -s b,~n pu hli1'1if'll t._, n 1 .. ,., ,. rnrn J N.ll'Nl o f rc 1 1r aenr : 11in-., of m l'l lfrnl. 11lo arrua,.mH c nl und :11\icd pro f ~ ifl111<. T hi~ h c,1ly 11 1 itu'>< 11, ,.. hook evc.ry ten ye.ors, nw et h1:!" $ ])(?i11g h r t,\ (1,,,,rnni111l~ for 1hnt pnrpo;;e. th e l n~t onehei n ;:in M n.I" o r 111 1 ,: nrrf'n t ., enr. 'r.h iN \Jook, 110 1 1nbli~hed, i ~ know 1 1 n ~ 1111 T'oifrd Rfnt ('!I l'h nr mn c(l p c eia, mul hn~, th r1dor'l'. for n hu,uh~d y <' : r~ OO' n t h e 11tno!lnrd n:foreuce hooJ.: for drU A:S In O,P ( ; nite.: I St~te,,.
PAGE 103
'fh ;\ntimrnl j ,'.,ru 11,1 lflr,, i~ pul,li~ he,I i n ,,.ty m,wh 11,c ~'; ,' :;\~';'.,':'.:~ 1 ;; 1 1 !;1o:i;'. : i1i~ :~c-,: : 11 ~~\ : ; _i ~ e ;\' i ;~ 11 11;,~ ~:::"'.; :t~'~ 1t w l' 1 ~ -in. .. ,. .. 11,e Flo~i,Jn l'ur e l 'uoll nnd D1 ;:s I. a w, 11~ well n w t he 11 ;11 i .. n,1l fo<>d :1 111 1 til'HJ..'1' ,wt. and t]l(lt .. r mo,t' 110 exemr 111:1 11 tlu ,,.,. in s i ,knb~. 11w i:o l 11 lh r:11 i ,,n or food n:,d., ,;. :1lm rm t rntirel Y lh e lu-,1lthy. Th >! hiktil'n tion n< 1 onl. lo (l o 1h,, l"l' I" .'" h('!< t hf' k 1 1,11\'~. l ni l 1" l;no" hi~ 1\'ork th or 011;:hl.,. i~ Nt"('/11lI Jl:1T!'>tli>:~ !h < "llnhlf', ratlwr th: rn lh< "11f'fl]', mn n. l' hr lnn~11:1 t.....,, r ,h., Flo1i,l:1 I n,' n~ fo p111l1~-p1~wi dct1 l hM ",1,::::~l>all llt'o!<' 1, ... t l:d,1 ,111,n i i11 t h e Fnitrl ~1:lh ')I l' ham rop,rin or Xn tion:i l F' n1 1 1111l,11 .,'" 1P. A
PAGE 108
""''"'""" .... ......... ,-.:..-~di ... o--r ... .... .::..:::.-~!~ ~~::"'"i:iN,~Jf:'lr: ~..:..~:.:. ~:;:r,;, I :::. : S~l 1 ~=~ -1 -~ .:-- . ~" -"' 1 ~ -"'-.:!;;':,~..}: ";.: -r ~ .:.
PAGE 111
. .. I TOf' N>Tau 1 OT H O --'T U"I.I T> O T NITH) ,., u m .,,.., ~ .. NJrnoo 1 1 ._: J~1 / 1 ,n1 _:_ I I I[ h~ "'l::~~,_-,d fff fTfr ... .. ,; ~ ~t .. ""IT[" l "" l "l ii"ff,0:'::'l:l
PAGE 115
o ... c .. L.,.UCAN A LYOU "1o.--e.,,, ]O .. ~".i-:-.. =:~ E....:t'" ., tE~:;;;;.,;: ,., .. ,~
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