FLORIDA
QUARTERLY
BULLETIN
OF TIHE
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
JULY 1, 1910
B. E. ACLIN
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE TALLAMASSEE, FLA.
Part I-=Crops. Part 2--Pecan Culture in Florida.
Part 3-=Fertilizers, Feed Stuffs and Foods and Drugs. Entered January 31, 1903, at Tllahasscc Fnlorila, as second-class matter
nlder Act of congresss of Junle, 190.
THESE BULLETINS ARE ISSUED [REE TO THOSE REQUESTING NHEM
T. J. APPLEYARD, State Printer
Tallahams,0, Fla.
VOLUME 20
NUMBER 3
COUNTY MAP OF STATE OF
PART I.
CROP CONDITIONS.
DIVISION Of THE STATE BY COUNTIES.
Following are the divisions of the State, and the counties contained in each:
Northern Division.
Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lafayette,
Leon,
Liberty, Madison,
Suwannee,
Taylor,
Wakulla.-11
Western Division.
Calhoun,
Escambia,
Holmes, Jackson,
Santa Rosa,
Walton,
Washington.-7.
Northeastern Division.
Alachua,
Baker,
Bradford,
Clay,
Columbia,
Duval,
Nassau, Putnam,
St. Johns.-9.
Central Division.
Citrus,
Hernando,
Lake, Levy,
Marion, Orange,
Pasco,
Sum ter,
Volusia.-9.
Southern Division.
Brevard, Dade, DeSoto, Hill sborough, Lee,
Manatee, Mon roe, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk, St. Lucie--l.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
B. E. McLIN, Commissioner. H. S. ELLIOT, Chief Clerk
CONDENSED NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS.
BY DIVISIONS.
NOIRTIHERN DivIsloN.-The acreage of cotton pllanted in this division was somewhat increased over that of last year, but with the unfavorable spring the stand was cut down very materially and the germination of the seed being poor under these conditions the crop was practically one month late throughout the cotton-growing section of the State. Since the rains began about the first of June, the excessive precipitation has done almost as much harm as the lack of it did the preceding weeks and. at present, the crop is in poor condition, with much (grass. aind(. because of continued rains, little work can be done in cultivating it. The corn suffered pretty much the sane way in all sections. but has recuperated considerably and will make probably 60 per cent. of a normal crop. The oat crop, under the conditions of extreme droughtlit that obtained during alniosl the entire period of its growth, was a practical failure throughout the entire area in which it was planted. The tobacco crop is very much cut down in acreage, although that that has been planted is reported in fair condition. The reduction in price owing to the war made on it )by the tobacco trust has prevented the majority of former growers from planting at all or on a very reduced scale. Live stock is in good condition, and no diseases of serious nature are reporled froll any portion) of the district.
WESTERN DIVISION.-Practically the same weather conditions have prevailed in this district as in the preceding one. Cotton is extremely backward for the same causes, and it is a race between the cotton, the weeds and the
grass for supremacy, as the continuation of excessive rainfall has practically prevented any cultivation during the past three or four weeks. The acreage of cotton in this district is practically the same as last year, and would have been more but for the dry season, which prevented seed germination and, of course, cut down the stand. Corn and oat crops suffered to about the same extent and from the same causes mentioned in the preceding district, and while in some localities the corn crop will be fairly good, generally it will not exceed 70 per cent. of the normal crop. It is worthy of note that the acreage in pea vine hay crops has been very much increase(] and the planning in combination of sorghum and peas for forage purj)oses has been increased possibly 100 per cent. Live stock is in fine condition generally, and the absence of serious diseases is reported from almost every section.
NORTIInASTTN DIVISION.-]n this division the crops are in about the same condition as in the two districts previously considered. Cotton and corn are about in the same condition, and with oats a practical failure, as in the other. The acreage of both corn and cotton would have been increased over the previous year but for the poor stand in either case caused by deterioration of the seed and slow g'ermination. Many of the correspondents have stated that the good appearance of the corn crops since the rains set in is deceptive, as a close examination shows that the plant is smaller than it should be and scattered, and thai the ears. instead of being full size, are small and many mbbins are observable. This condition, while apparently thrifty to the eye, necessarily cuts down Ihe crop yield. It is hardly probable that the yield of corn in this district will exceed 60 per cent. of the normal crop. With he cotton in this district, as in the others, the yield will depend upon the weather conditions of the future. As in the others, live stock is reported in generally fine average condition.
CENTRAL DIVISION.-In ibis district crops of every kind have suffered quite as much from drought as in the previously named districts, and some of the crops in this
district have been practical failures for want of rain. It is reported by a number of our correspondents that the melons and similar crops were cut very short on this account and that its effect was felt very considerably upon the orange and other fruit crops throughout the section, the effect being to hold back the development of the fruit and to ruin in a great degree, of course, the yield of the vegetable and small fruit crops. The rains, however, have been as great in volume in this district as in the ones previously mentioned, and the reports made to this oice state that the groves are improving very rapidly in the making of wood and the development of the fruit. Live stock is also reported to be in a good average condition. Pastures are improving rapidly with the rains, and no shortness of forage is anticipated.
SOUTIHERN Divisiox.-There is practically little difference between conditions in this and the foregoing districts. The same climatic conditions have existed in the one as in the other, and the effect has been about the same on both the fruit groves and the vegetable farms. There is, perhaps, some difference in favor of the vegetable crops in this district, because of their earlier maturity, owing to the ability of the grower to plant earlier, in which case the vegetable crops receive the benefit of the rains falling later in the winter and early spring. The condition of live stock in this district is very good and perhaps better than it has been at this season of the year f(r three or four years. No losses are reported from lack of water supply or from diseases.
Taking the condition of the crops as a whole thronghout the State, and the unfavorable seasons with which theA have had to contend, undoubtedly the worst for many years, we consider that two-thirds of a crop generally all around will be about the best that can be depended upon. The orange and grapefruit crops in the south are certainly cut short an average of 25 per cent., according to present information. The corn and cotton crops of the State are both cut equally short, and perhaps the corn will fall in the end even below that figure, while the oats crop will hardly exceed in the aggregate 33 per cent. of the normal crop. So that the best of conditions, and the best methods of cultivation and close attention, must be
10
given to crops during the rest of the season, even to hold the present prospect for a two-thirds yield. Favorable climatic conditions in the future will, of course, at this season work wonders with ilie cotton crop, but the others have made practically all that can 1)e expected of them.
Report of the Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops, Fruits and Fruit
Trees, and Condition of Live Stock, for Quarter Ending June 30th, 1910, as
Compared with the Same Period Last Year.
Upland I. a Cor SuCrar
I o to rn.
Cotton.] Cotton.I Cant'.
COUNTIES.
NORTH ERIN DIVISION-Gadsden . 100 100 - 100)
Ilam ilton . . 70 SO )
Jeffrson . 90 90 74 50
Lafayette . . 75 70 50
Leon . 75 75 5 0
Liberty . 75 . 70 50
Madison . 50 50 7.5 75
Suwannee . . 75 70 7.5
Taylor . . 75 70 0)
Dil. Average, per cent. ;0 7; 74 03
WiV WESTERN DIVISIONC Ilhoun . . . . . ) 90
Escan1 id a . . . I ) 75
H olines . . )0 . 90 90
Jackson . S7 . 5 5
Santa Rosa . 5 . 0
W alton . . . . 90 S0
Washinton . . 80 SO 100 75
1Di. Average, per cent. OIS 80 SO 3
NO1TIIIEASTERN DIVISIONA latchua . . . I .4 I () )0
Baker . . . 75 o 75
Bradford . 90 10 0 7
Columbia . 100 75 S0 90
D uval . . . 75 75
Putnam . 100 . 100 !lo
St. Johns . 75 . 85 75
Div. Average, per cent. 012 -- ""f Si
CENTRAL DIV)1I S)NCitrus . . . 100 100
Hernando . I . 10)5 105
Lake . . . . . 110 o100
Levy . . 70 55 I S0
M arion . . . . ) .5 2n
Pasco . . . !). .5
Sumnter . | .9. 00 75 S0
Volusia . . . . 100 100
Div. Average. per cent. . S1 5
Sot'TlIIEN Dl]VISIONB regard . . o. 1 7 )
D ade . . . . 100
DeSoto . . . 100 100
Hlillsborough . . . 0
Lee . . . . . .100 10
Manatee . . 100 100
O sceola . . . . 7 00
Polk . . . . w) 100
St. Lucie .I . . 100
Div. Average, per cent. . . . 02 91
State Average, per cent. 83 81 I 87 I .
NORTI
12
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Rice. Sweet, Field Cassava Potatoes Peas. COUNTIES.
TERN DIVISION- 0 0 5
Gadsden . . 50 . .
Iam ilton . . . 70 . .
Jefferson . . . s . .
Lafayette . . 50 .
Leon . . . 75 " 0 .
Liberty y . . .50 50 .
Madison .0 so Co 80
Suwannee . . (5 75 .
Taylor . . 70 70 .
Iiv. Average, per cent. 0 (S3O -- 73 80
WESTiPN DIVISIONCalhoun . . 100 90 .
Escambia . 75 65 so 75
H olm es . . 75 85 .
Jackson . . . 5 So .
Santa Rosa . . . so Gs .
W alton . . . so 5 .
Washington . 100 85 110 25
Div. Average, per cent. 87 77 S4 50
NORTHEASTERN DIVISONAla 'hna . . . so .
Baker . . . 85 o .
Bradford . . 50 100 .
Colnumbia . . 95 100 .
D uval . . 75 S .
Put nam . . . . 90 90 .
St. Johns . 75 75 75 .
1)iv. Average, per cent. 75 78 S4 .
('ENIiAL I )IVISIONCitrus. . . 100 100 .
Hernando . . 100 100 . . .
Lake . . 125 100 90
Levy . 75 70 90 .
M arion . 8 5 75 100 .
Pasco . . . 100 100 .
Summer . . 87 .
lolusia . . 100 110
Div. Average, per cot. SO 05 9!I 90
SOUTER N I )IVISIONBrevard . . 100 1-0 .
Dade . . 100 100 .
DeSoto . . 100 100
Hillsborough . . .0 100 100
Lee . 90 100 100 90
Manatee . 100 100 100
Osceola . . 50 75 50
Polk. . 100 100 100 100
St. Lucie . . 100 . .
Div. Average, per cent.j 97 93 97 85
State Average, per cent. 1 84 S1 87 76
13
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIvisioN-
Velvet
Tobacco Peanuts Pastures Beans.
0 0 00
0 0 0 0)
C) r.) C.) C.)
Gadsden . 50 100 100 .
Hamilton . . 80so 65 80
Jefferson . . 90 00 00
Lafayette . . 100 . 100
Leon . 85 85 00 90
L iberty . . 0 .
Madison . 50 90 100 100
Suwannee . . 90 95 100
Taylor . . 100 . 100
Div. Average. per cent. 22 00 04
WiEST :IERN DIVISIONCalhoun . . 100 . 100
Escania . 75 87 100 90
Ilohnes . . 100 . 90
Jackson . . 100 90 100
Sanmta Rosa . . 75 75 5
W alton . . . 00 90 100
Washington . . 100 0 0
Iiiv. Averae, pr centii. 7 5 102 8) 04
Non nI:1sAnT:N I Vi\ iONAlachua . . . 100 100 1 T
L;ak:er . . . . 5 75 5
I ;radlford . . 100 . 100
Colnluibia . . . 1(00 95 100
Dluval . 00 0 . 100
lutu mn . . . . 100
S t. Johnl s . . . . .
lIV. Avnrnre, per cent . . 14 1(0 9
( i:N u 1I .I, 1] ISVIONC itrus . . 100 . 100
1 ernando . 125 105 1(00 1)0
l hake . .80 0 100
levy . .0. 90 (0 85
M arion . . 100 95 90
Ias('o . 100 100 90 95
Summer . . . . 900 095 70
Volusia . . 1(00 100 105
Div. Averae, per cent. 112 15 I 0) 12
MOt' I IN 1 IIVISIONi -ro ard . . . . 7. Said.e . . . 100t) 1(00
I)eSoto . . . 10(0 1(00
Ili sh orough . . . 11(00 100
Lee . . 100 100 300
M anat ee . . . . . 100 100
Osceola . . . 50 80
Polk . . 100 100 100
St. Lucie . . . 100 100
Dliv, Avoerage. per cent . 100 02 95
State Average, per cent. 83 95 90 04
14
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Contiued.
Alfalfa. Guavas.
COUNTIES. .E
NORTHERN DivisIoN- r - ?
G a:dsden . . . .
I:iiitiltoli . . . . .
Jellorson . . . . . . .
Lafnyette . . . . .
L n n. . . . . .
Lilerty . . . .
M adison . . . .
Suw anne o . . . .
T aylor . . . . .
Division A\erwase. per cent . . . .
WESTERN )tvisioNC alhoun . . . . .
E sctinbia . . . .
H olm es . 60 . .
Jackson . . . . .
Samnta R osa . . . . .
W alton . . . .
W ashington . . . .
Division Average, per cent . (0 . .
NoR 1HEA.STIR N [DIVISLONA lachua . . . . .
B aker . . . .
B radford . . . . .
Colum bia . . . . .
D uval . . . . .
P utnam . . . . St. Johns . . .
Division Avera ge, per cent . .
(CENTRAL IVISIONCitrus . . .
Hernando . . . . .
Lake . . 90 25
L evy . . . . .
M arion . . . . .
Pasco . . .90 9.
Sumter . . . . .
Volusia .[ Division Average, per cent . ""."90 62
SOUTHERN DIvISIONBrevard . . 25 65
)ade . . . 100 100
D eSoto . . Iillsborough . . . 100 I .100 Lee . . (.60 60
M anatee . . 100 50
Osceola . . 25 30
Polk . . . 25 25
St. Lucie . . 95 90
Division Average, per cent . 66 63
State Average, per cent . 60 78 62
15
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES. NORTHERN DivisIoN-
dsden .
H am ilton . Jefferson . Lnfayet e . L eon . Liberty . . . M adison . Suwan i ee . T aylor . . . Div. Average. per cent.
Bananns. OTrees.
�res
-. I a
a C)
Cr. rIi::: ptsl
100
50
. . 100 50
WESTERNN D)IVINFONCalhoun . . . 100 125
Escalln i:i . . . . . .
IH oli es . . . . .
Ja;Icks ,I . . . . .
Santa IHo Isa . . . . .
W alton .
Washimton . .
Div. Average. per cent. . . 100 125
Nouri l EsTERN DiViISIONAlacIhua. . . . . . 0. 75
laker . . . 50 75
U~nidford .T7 75
C olu m abia . I . . I. ID u tval . . . . .
Putiua n . 7. -. 75 S0
St. Johns . . . 75 85
Div. Average. per cent. . . 71 78
(ENIRAL ] IV ISIONCitrus . . .100 so80
Hernando . .90 40
Lake . . 90 20 100 75
L evy . . . 90
Marion . . . . 0 30
Pasco . I 0 90 75 70
Sun ter . ; . . . . i) 90
V olusia . I . . 80 50
Div. Average. per cent. bS5 955 1 05
SOUTIIERIN I )IN SIiONBrevard . . .0 75 65
Dade . 100 100 90 100
DeSoto . . 100 100
Ilillshorough . . . 100 50
Lee . 90 90 100 50
Manatee . . 100 100 100 100
Oseeola . . 25 15 70 50
Polk . 50 50 75 50
St. Lucie . 75 75 f5 75
I)Div. Average, per cent. 73 72 67 72
State Average, per cent. 79 03 83 67
v
16
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Lemon
Trees
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISIONGadsden . . .
H am ilton . . . .
Jefferson . . . .
Lafayette . . . .
L eon . . . .
L iberty . . . .
M adison . . . .
Suwannee . . . .
Taylor . . .
Div. Average. per cent. [.
TVESTERN DI\ISIONCallioun . . . . . . . Es anm bia . . .
lol es. . . . . Jackson . . .
Santa Rosa . . . .
W alton . . . .
Washington . . .
Div. Avera'oe. Iper ealt . . .
NOLIE TIIn:N i )iVISION-
A :ieh lua . Baker . Braldford . Col ilu bia . I uval . Pu ntiuu1 . St. Johns . Diiv. A\ ce ire. p cent.
Lime Trees
50 75 50 t T7
I'IN t\ I x1\1i1oN-C itru s . . I . . . . .
IIerlando . . . . . .
Lke i . . .0) 25 90 25
L evy . . . .
M arion . SO 0 . .
]I S(oO . . . . . .
Sou ier . SO C5 . .
I)x . Av':re. per cent. 27) 1 444 j
SolI iiN l )[\[l1mNlIrevard . 25 50 .
I)tude . . . 100 100
IDeSoto . "100 100 100 100
liillslorough . 75 50.
Lee . 1o00 CO 100 0o
Manatee . 100 100 100 100
Osceola . 40 30 40 30
Polk . 50 50 50 50
St. Lucie . 100 75 100 75
Div. Average. per cent. 7f 4 84 64
State Average, per cent. Go 00 75 47
17
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Grape Fruit I Egg Plants.
Trees.
COUNTIES.
NoaRnnIEN DIVISION- . [
Gadsden. Hamilton.r1. . . .
Jefferson. Lafayette.100 2 5 . .
Leon .75 75
Liberty. .
Madison. Suwannee. Taylor. Div. Average, per cent. . 7tTv- ---Ii 1
WLSITEN DivisioNCalhoun . Escambia.75 100
Holmes.50 100
Jackson. .
Santa Rosa . Walton. Washington. Div. Average, per cent . .0. 2 100
NORTHEASTERN DIvISIoNAlachua .8 75 75 75
Baker .0 75 . .
Bradford . Columbia. Duval .75 75
Putnam. 75 so .0.
St. Johns .75 so .0.
Div. Average, per cent 70 75 75 n5
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus.100 so .0.
Hernando.90 75 . .
Lake.100 90 75 75
Levy.90 90 . .
Marion.o0 30 . .
Pasco.95 90 . .
Sumiter .90 90 90 915
Volusia.85 60 . .
Div. Average, per cent 91 74 82 85
SOTHrERN 1)lvISION
Brevard.5 70 . .
Dade .100 100 . .
DeSoto .100 100 100 100
Hillsborough.100 50 . .
Le.O 1000 Go0 so
Manatee .100 100 100 100
Osceola.so 65 60 80
Polk.75 w0 100 100
St. Lodce . go-I 85 . .
Div. Average, per cent 92 77 889State Average, per cent. g 6;3 76 85
2-Bul.
18
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Plums. Pears.
0-'~*1 A
Rn
a:'
- ow
O
CD
we
Cd-.
G)C)
On 5"
Gadsden. Hamilton. Jefferson.100 110
Lafayette.100 50
Leon .90 90 90 100
Liberty. Madison . Suwaninee,. Taylor. Div. Average, per cent 90 90 97 67
WEsTraN DIVISIONCalhoun . Escamibia .8 70 50 60
Holmes .100 100 10 15
Jacksoni.100 100 . .
Santa Rosa .75 25 25 50
Walton. .90 85
Washington. .110 1125
Div. Average, per cent so 74 57 67
NORTHIEASTERN DIVISIOAlachua .100 100 100 100
Baker .100 100 100 100
Bradford .100 100 90 100
Columbia .100 00 110 200
Duval .80 90 . .
Putnam.80 100 s0 75
St. Johns .5 75
Div. Average, per cent 93 97 94 l08
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus .100 100
Hernando . Lake .90 75 s0 60
Levy .85 75 90 100
Marion .95 95 100 100
Pasco.0 95 75 50
Sumter .0 95 80 90
Volusia .75 CI0
Div. Average, per cent 90 87 87 85
SOLTHERIN DIVISION
Brevard . Dade. DeSoto .100 100 100 100
1-lilisborough .90 40 . .
Lee . Manatee .100 100 . .
Osceola. .0 20 100 100
Polk.100 100 75 50
St. Lucie . Div. Average, per cent. 4 72 92
State Average, per cent. 89) 84 86 Sri
19
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Peaches.
Water Melons.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Gadsden . Ilamilton . Jefferson . Lafayette . L eon . Liberty . M adison . Suwannee . Taylor . Div. Average, per cent. .
o . a
o - 00
a, o~
100
90 100
90 .-.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
;. sO
100 5 90
. 50 75
100 75 85
90 75 80
. 75 80
75 75 85
91 ---7 82
VVESTERN 1IVISIONCalhoun . 100 100.
Escambia . SO 5 75 100
Holmes . 1 10 100 90
Jackson .[ 75 75, 90 1 100
Santa Rosa . 50 100 1(0I 100
W alton . 100 110 100 90
Vashington . 110 125 T ) 85
Div. Average. per cent. . 73 82 93 94
NORTHEASTERN DIVISION-Alachua . (OT 100 I 00 100
Baker .T 50 (5 75 90
Bradford . I SO 90 o100 100
Columbia . 100 100 100 100
Duval . I 90 i 100 00 100
Putnam . s. I n0 75 9 n
St. Johns . . 5 75 n, i 100
Div. Average, per cent. . 89 91 97
CENTrRAL DIViSION-
Citrus . Hernando .
L ake . Levy . M arion . Pasco . Sumnter . Volusia . Div. Average. per cent. SOUTITERN DEVISlON-Brevnrd . Dade . D er oto . 1Hillsborough . Lee . M anatee . Osceola . Polk . St. Lncie . 1 Div. Average. per co(t. .
State Avernme, per 'ent. I
100 1i- 10 100 00
150 300
100 110 10o 110
90 75 75 85
.95 100 100 100
f95 )8 0) 90
90 95r 9n0 o
100 120 100 I 110
T10 f-- 1307 - 1 .04 n99
75 75 77
100 100
100 10 0 100) 100
75 40 75 90
. . 10on 100
100 100 50 50
120 I 150 70 70
100 120 1 00 120
. . 0 75
-.5- 98 S3 87
90 ,- - 0 92
__ _ _
20
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Ca:
COUNTIES.
NORTHERiaN DIVISION- 0
ataloupes.
V
C
WI)
01)
Pineapples.
0
a
0 C)
Gadsden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H amniilton . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. .
Jefferson . 8 90 . .
Lafayette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leon . 60 65 . .
Liberty . M adison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suwvannee . . . . .
Taylor. Div. Average, per cent 72 77 . .
WESTERN DIVISION-Calhoun . . . . . Escambia.75 100 . .
Holmes .100 85 . .
Jackson . Santa Rosa . Walton .85) 90 . .
Washington .90 90 . .
Div. Average, per cent 87 91 . .
NORTHEASTERN DIVISIONAlachua .60 50 . .
Baker .60 80 . .
Bradford . . . . . Columbia. 100 90 . .
Duval .85 90 . .
Putnam.o 75 . .
St. Johns .85 90 . .
Div. Average. per cet 78 79 . .
QENTRAT. DIVISION-Citrus. Hernando. Lake .8 75 90 75
Levy .75 70 . .6
Maqrion .95 90 85 9
Pasco.85 90 . .
Sumter .85 85 .1 .
Volusia. Div. Average, per cent S4 s0 7 82
SOUTHERN DIVISIONBrevard .25 50 50 -5
Dade .80s8 DeSoto . Hillsborough .u 95 10 . .
Lee .25 25 95 95
Manatee .30 50 ao 30
Osceola.80 80 30 40
Polk.75 75 75 75
St. Lucie .55 55
Div. Average, per cent 55 63 59 9
State Average, per cent. 15 7S
21
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Horses
Grapes. and Cattle. Hogs.
Mules.
COUNTIES.
NORTHERN DIVISION , C- C
Gadsden . . . 85 90 90
Hamilton . . . 90 90 90
Jefferson . . 100 90 100
Lafayette . 100 25 90 60 100
Leon . . . . 90 90 100
Liberty . . . 90 90 1 90
Madison . . . 100 100 90
Suwannee . . 95 90 100
Taylor . . 90 so 90
Div. Aver., per cent. 100 25 92 87 94
AVES'rERN DIVISIONCalhoun . . . 100 .
Escan nia . 100 100 90 90 75
Ilolines . . 95 100 85
Jackson . . . 90 90 100
Santa Rosa . s0 75 90 95 80
Waltoc . 100 100 100 95 90
Washington . 100 100 100 90 90
Div. Aver. per (ent. 95 94 95 93 86
IOTI XSTER DI.Alachua . So 8 I 00 100 100
Baker . 75 s0 100 90 75
Bradford . 75 75 100 100 100
Columiia . 85 90 100 100 100
Duval . . . 100 100 100
I'utnam. 75 75 100 100 100
St. Johns . 85 100 100 100 100
Div. Aver. per cent. 79 M 100 97 94
CENTRAL DIVISIONCitrus . 100 10) 100 1)0 100
klernando . 200 200 100 90 100
Lake . 90 s0 110 110 105
Levy . 85 00 90 75 90
Ma rion . 100 100 100 98 90
Pasco . : . 95 95 95 97 60
Sumter . 75 90 95 100 100
Volusia . 100 100 100 100 70
Div. Aver., per cent. 107 107 99 96 94
SOUTHnERN DIVISIONBrevard . 100 100 100 100 75
D ade . . . 95 100
I) Soto . . . 100 100 100
Ilillsbonugh . . . . 100 100 90
Lee . . . 100 100 100
Manatee . 100 100 100 100 100
Osceola . 100 120 90 90 60
Polk . 100 100 100 100 75
St. Lucie . . . 100 100 100
Div. Aver., per cent. 100 10b 98 99 88
State Av., per cent. 96 83 97 94 91
22
Condition and Prospective Yield of Crops-Continued.
Sheep. Tobacco. Honey. Clip Wool
I1Clip 11)14.
CO UNTi ES.
NORTHERN DIVISION-
Gadsdein .
H amilton .
Jefferson . ." 00 . 2.500
Lafayette . . 5,000 1.000
Leon . 100 100,000 . .
Liberty . . . . . 8,000
M adison . 100 . . . .
Suwannee . . . . Taylor . !. 0 . 1.000 , 000
Div. Average, ler elll. b- 100,000 .000- 15.500
WElSTERN DivISIoN-(nlhoui l . . . . . 308.02s, 0-,0(Escam.l.bia . . SO 5,000 15,00 (0 2;,)00
IIolmes . . 90 1,000 5,000 2 .000
Jacksol . . . . . Sanll a Hosa . . 90 2,000 5.000 70,000
W alton . 90 . i.0,000
W ashington . 00 . 5,000 50,000
Div. Average. Iper ((II . . SS s.000o 33S02,-2:37l)-00
NO RTHl\SIERN 1)I\ ISIN
A b; clua . 100 . . . Bakel . 0 . 6,000 850
Bradord . . . (olulmbia . 100 . 2000 00
D uvil . 100 .
Putn nl . 1()0 500 1,000 20,000
St. Johns . 100 . 2,000 3,.000
Div. Average, per c n. 14S 500 11,000 c 4 2150
CENTiiAL DIVISIONCitrus . . . . 1,500 .
IH ernando . . 1 ,(; 00 Lake . 100 . 7 00
Levy . 80.SO . . . 500 5
Mlarion . 100 . . 4.000 23.000
Pasco . . 75 12.8q50 4,;00 -4.500
Sumter . . 90 1,.000 1.0o01 2.0(10
Vol usia . 1100 . 75.0001 20.0)0
Div. Average, per cent. 9F I 2F. . (50 7 ) . -.3-0
SOUTHERN DIVISIONB revard . . . . io . D ade . . . .
DeSoto . 1 100 . 1.000 3.000
-illsorough . . o
Lee . .100
M anatee . 100 . . I .
Oseeola . 100 . ;.00 30.000
Polk . . 100 . 2.000[ 20,000
St. Lucie . . . . . Div. Average, per et. . | (5 . . 59.5001 53,000
Stlale Aver'eo, ler cent. 95 r, 13.501 508.8 40.100
P-A Pv T 11.
PECAN CULTURE IN FLORIDA.
PECAN CULTURE IN FLORIDA.
Much the greater part of this article is taken from the Florida Experiment Station Bulletin No. 85, by Prof. I. Harold Hume, and also from the written opinions of other well-informed and expert growers of the Pecan.
BOTANY OF THE PECAN.
The pecan tree is indigenous in the United States in the rich, alluvial bottoms of the Mississippi, and also thought to be in some of the rich bottom lands of northeast Texas. Its northern limit is supposed to be about Davenport. Iowa. In the Mississippi valley proper it extends within a few miles of the Gulf Coast, further west it extends into Mexico.
The area in which it may be grown is said to embrace within its four extremities the cities of Davenport, Iowa, Chattanooga, Tenn. Laredo. Tex., the region of the headwaters of the Colorado River in Texas, and even at the present day as far west as Arizona. It extends furthest from the center of the area along the streams and rivers. It is at present grown in all of the Southern States in greater or less degree. From the foregoing it will be seen that the pecan tree is a native in parts of the following States, viz.: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentuc-ky, Alabama. Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico and Oklahoma. Outside of this area it has been planted in a large number of States. Its cultivated area corresponds rather closely with that of the cotton plant, though its extension beyond this area is constantly increasing.
The Pecan belongs to the family Juglandaceae (Walnut family), its near relatives being the other species of hickory, the walnut and butternut. For many years the scientific name commonly applied to it was Carya Olivae forms Nutt, but in deference to the rules of priority this name has largely given place to the name Hicoria pecan (Marsh) Britton. This name Hicoria pecaa is peculiarly significant, since it is truly American, being de-
rived from powcohicora and pccaa, two words used by the Indians for hickory nuts.
It is a large, stately iree, 75 to 170 feet in height, with wide-spreading branches and symmetrical top. The bark is rough, broken and grayish-black in color. The bark of the young twigs is quite smiootih, liberally dotted with lenticles, and during their early life, together with the leaves and flowers of the tree, they are covered with a liberal coating of rather rust-colored hair. The leaves are oval. compound, composed of from seven to fifteen falcae, oiblon- anceolate, sharpl-pointed serrated leaflets, green and quile bright above, lighter colored below, and when natlure, nearly or quite smooth. The flowers are of two kinds - pistillate and staminate. The former are produced upon the young shoots. while the latter come from buds upon twig:s one year old. The staminate catkins are usually produced in two groups of three each, from a single bud, and have very short stalks. The stamens are three to five in number in each flower. and borne beneath a ihrce-parted bract. The pistillate flowers have a four-valved involucre (known in the mature form as the husk) and a Iwo-paried stigma. The nuts are quite variable in size, shape, color and quality. Some are long and pointed, others are nearly spherical. In Texas the spheical, or narly spherical, nuts appear to be more common than elsewhere. Selected nuts of sonime varieties will weigh an ounce or more each, while of many other kinds it takes a hundred, more or less, to make a pound.
As a general rule, the husks of most varieties open at maturity. In some, however, they remain closed, or nearly so. These latter varieties are objectionable on account of thie increased difficulty of gathering the crop.
I'OLLENATION.--The pecan is well-pollenated. In consequence, there is a great waste of pollen, to compensate for which it is produced in large quantities. Wet, windy weather, at the lime the trees are in bloom, frequently interferes with pollenation to such an extent that the crop is reduced very consider-ably.
With some species of hickory, notably H. minima and H. globra, cross-pollenation and consequent cross-fertilization with the pecan have resulted in several well-marked hybrids. None of these found thus far, with perhaps one or two exceptions, have been worthy of propagation.
RANGE OF t LTI E IN FLORIDA.
The pecan may be, and practically is, grown in all sections of the Stale wherever the soil conditions are found to be satisfactory. Its culture, however, should not be attempted in the southern portion of the State much, if any, below 28 degrees latitude; success would, at best, be questionable; it might succeed in the elevated portions of Polk and Hillslrough Counties, but it is uncertain.
The statement is frequently made, and quite generally believed, ihat the pecan will succeed wherever the larger species of hicko;i are found in the State. This is largely true, as the pecan belongs to the same family and genus of irees, but it should not be relied on implicitly. In no case must soil conditions be overlooked or disregarded.
PECAN PROPAGATION.
The pecan may be propagated from seed or by budding and grafting.
Formi'erly they were grown almost entirely from seed and s dllil I trees were planted. But now seedlings have given place to hbudded and grafted trees. Why so? It was TMnlIonnd as a faCt, n1 so Iany years a'o, and there are some who may still maintain it, that 50 per cent., or soni other per centl., of pecans would come true to seed. lBut it must Ie sl:I, e as a fact that neither 50, nor any other per cent., will come true to seed. We have yet to fin, a single instance where the nut of a seedling tree was identical with that borne by its parent plant. Occasionally lhey aec better, but the rule is that they generally are vastly inferior to the fruit produced by the parent Iree. Hence, if an orclard of trees of the same habit of growth, prolificness, regularity in bearing, uniform throughout, trees which will produce a crop of nuts uniform in size. shape, color and quality. is desired, do not plant nt seedling tres. ores of these seedling trees produce nuts but little larger than ch'inq:gpins, and it is a fact which cannot be gainsaid that the seedling pecan, up to the time of fruiting, is an unknown quantity, after which it is too frequently a disappointment.
PI t sees have heir li ,aec. From ihem are grown the so tks uso whih 1o w-rk desirable varieties. From seds nmay -'. 'iniinated new and desirable varieties, for it sn:'etins hliens 111ha the seedling is better than the
parent. Seedling trees may be grown and set out in orchard form, to be top-worked afterward. This plan has something to recommend it. It is less expensive, provided time is not an object, for it takes a longer time to get bearing trees by this plan, and it is open to the further objection that it is more difficult to secure uniformity in size and shape of the trees than it is by setting out budded or grafted trees at first. The objection in the way of expense, if that be an objection, is best overcome by planting nuts in nursery rows, grafting the trees there, and then setting them in the field. By no means should the nuts be planted where the trees are to remain. It is too difficult to give them the necessary care. Besides, they are likely to be destroyed by squirrels or other animals. or the seedlings injured through carelessness in cultivation.
SE'LECTIN( AN]) PLANTING NUTS.--NuItS to be used in growing stocks should be fully matured before gathering. Some care should be taken in their selection. They should be of good size for the variety, and should be gathered only from healthy, vigorous trees. Frequently the only object held in view is to get as many nuis as possible in a pound, without regard to the tree on which they grew. We believe that this is in a large degree responsible for the unsatisfactory growth made by many grafted trees. Those nuls which mature first are best for planting.
The nuts may be planted in Florida as soon as they are lahel from the trees, placing them in drills three, and a half feet apart and covering them two and a half or three inches deep. In many cases it may be necessary and more convenient to stratify the nuts in damp sand in boxes, first an inch laver of sand, then a layer of nuts, until the boxes are filled. These boxes should he placed in a cool, shady place, under a building, in a cellar, or buried in the earth. It is a good plan to cover then) with wire net to prevent nmice, rats or squirrels from attacking them. In early spring the boxes should be emptied out and time nuts planned as directed above.
The seed-bed should be thoroughly prepared, plowed deeply or subsoiled, well supplied with organic matter, either from stable manure or from beggarweed, velvet beans, cowpeas, or some other leguminous crop on the soil, and turned under.
During the growing season the seed-bed should be kept well cultivated and free from weeds and grass. A fer-
tilizer rich in nitrogen should be used. Its composition will have to be governed very largely by the character of the soil and the care and cultivation given it previously; but for good nursery soils a fertilizer analyzing three per cent, nitrogen will give good results. In a favorable season the tops of the young trees will be a foot or somewhat more in height, with a tap-root two feet and a half or so in length. The following spring and summer many of the young trees can be worked by grafting or budding.
PROPAGATING TooLs. The tools necessary for propagating pecans-nursery work and top-working-are a common budding knife, a budding tool, a grafting iron, a grafting mallet and a fine-tool lied saw.
The budding knife should have a thin blade of good steel, capable of retaining a keen, sharp edge. The whetstone must be used frequently to keep the blade sharp to insure the making,_ of smooth, clean cuts.
At least three budding tools have been invented. These are known as W"hite's, Galbreath's and Nelson's budding tools, respectively. The principle in each one is that two sbarj' cutting blades are fixed parallel to each other to insure uniformity in cutting annular and veneer-shield or patch buds. White's budding implement is especially recommended for use in top-working. The holes along the sides are used as a gauge for measuring the stock and bud stick. In the writer's opinion, the one best adapted for veneer-shield budding, but the blades are just a little too close together. A very satisfactory knife for this work may be made from two ordinary budding knives and a piece of wood three-quarters of an inch square and four inches long. To opposite sides of this the blades can be firmly attached with rivets and by binding with fine wire and twine.
The grafting iron is indispensable in cleft-grafting. These can be purchased at small cost, or a blacksmith can make an excellent one from an old flat file. Three or four inches of the file should be flattened and sharpened for a blade. In the remainder drill two holes and attach two pieces of wood to form a handle.
A small-sized carpenter's mallet answers nicely for a grafting mallet, or a very good one can be made from a piece of tough wood or a piece of an old wagon spoke. A leather thong should be attached to the handle, through which the wrist can be slipped to carry it when top working.
The best saw for use in top-working is a carpenter's back-saw. This has a stiff blade, fine teeth, and leaves a smooth, clean cut.
WAXES, CLOTH AND TwINE.-Good grafting-wax may be made according to either of the following formulas:
1. Resin 6 pounds, beeswax 2 pounds, linseed oil 1 pint.
2. Resin 4 pounds, beeswax 2 pounds, tallow 1 pound.
Melt the ingredients in an iron kettle over a slow fire, stirring slowly to insure thorough mixing. When melted, pour out into a bucket of cold water. Grease the hands, remove the wax from the water as soon as it can be handled and pull until it is light-yellow in color. Wax not needed for immediate use may be rolled up in balls, wrapped in oiled, stiff brown paper, and put away for future use.
Waxed cloth can be prepared by melting the wax in a kettle and dropping into it sheets or wide strips of old calico or cotton cloth. As soon as saturated with the wax, remove them from the kettle and stretch on a board. For use tear into strips, one-quarter or one-half of an inch wide.
Waxed twine is prepared by dropping balls of No. 18 knitting cotton into the melted wax and stirring them about for four or five minutes, or until the wax has penetrated them.
SELECTING CIONS AND BUDS.-Cions and bud sticks should be taken from healthy, vigorous trees. Select the cions from well-matured wood of one year's growth, though a piece of two-year-old wood at the base will not matter. The wood is angular, small and the internodes long, and the pith large in proportion to the diameter. Either terminal portions of twigs may be used or portions back of the tip, but the buds should always be well developed, full and plump. For this reason grafts should not be cut from wood far back from the tip of the branch. As stated already, twigs of the previous season's growth are generally used, provided the gTowth is not too large. Grafts are generally cut about five or six inches long and should be from one-quarter to three-eighths of an inch in thickness.
It is best that the grafts be cut while still in a dormant state, and inserted in the stock just before growth starts. The cions may be kept for a considerable length of time by P)laeino them loosely packed, in damp moss or sawdust,
in a box. The box should be covered over with earth and the ions kept sufficiently moist to prevent drying out. The difference in the condition of the stock and cion, it should be understood, is not absolutely necessary, as good results are frequently obtained without these precautions, but in grafting the pecan a difference in dormancy is extremely desirable, and it is an important factor in securing good results.
For bud-sticks, well-developed one-year-old branches, one-half to seven-eighths of an inch in diameter, and on which the buds are well formed, or older wood, with plump, full buds, are selected. Such sticks frequently show three buds at a node, and if some misfortune should overtake one or two of these, there is still a chance of success, though the upper one, being the strongest, is generally the one which starts, provided it is uninjured and the bud takes. The degree of maturity of the bud is important, and care should be exercised that only those which are plump, full and well-developed, are used. It is easy to distinguish between desirable and undesirable buds.
GRAFTING AN) GRAFTING METHODS.
Top-working by grafting, or the grafting of nursery stock above ground, should be done in spring just before growth starts. The preference is for the latter part of the season, provided there is not too much work to be done, as lhe cions have less time to dry out before the process of uniting with the stock begins. The work of whip-grafting nursery stock under ground just at the crown roots of the seedlings can be started in the latter part of December and continued until February. For this work the earth is thrown back from the seedlings, leaving theim standing in a narrow trench. After the cions are inserted, the ground is placed back about them, covering then up, leaving only the top bud exposed. The seedling trees cannot be dug up and bench-grafted satisfactorily in winter, as is the practice with apples, pears and other fruits. It can be (lone, but the percentage of unions secured is too small to make it an economical method to follow. The only satisfactory plan is to graft the seedlings in the nursery row, as described above.
Two methods of grafting are used, cleft-grafting 'oy top-working and whip-grali ing for working both nursery seedhin!'s and old trees.
CLEFT-GRAFTING.-Having selected the place on the branch or trunk at which the cion or cions are to be inserted, the part should be sawed off with a smt.oth, clean cut. The end of the stub can then be cut squarely off at the point desired.
The trunk or branch is then split with the grafting iron. The cleft should be carefully made, and should be about one and a half inches in length. In preparing the cion, a sloping cut is made at the lower end about one and a half inches long, cutting into the pith from a point one-half way up the cut, down to the lower end. On the opposite side, the second cut should not touch the pith, but should be made through the wood throughout. The ion should be left wider on the outer side than on the inner to make a tight fit when inserted. Start the cuts on each side of and just at a bud.
Having made the cleft, open it with the wedge end of the grafting iron and place the cion in position in the cleft stock. The cambivin layers should be in contact and the cion should be shoved well down until the whote of the wedge is within the stock. In large stocks two cions may be inserted, the weaker of which should be removed if both live. Large stocks will exert sufficient pressure against the cions to render tieing unnecessary, but if the stocks are small the union should be firmly tied with waxed twine or cloth, and in any case the ends of the cut stock and the union should be covered smoothly with grafting-wax. Should there be danger of the stock exerting too much pressure (as in the case of large stocks), the cleft should he made well out to one side of the center.
WiiIP-GRAFTING.-Stocks, whether seedling trees or branches in the tops of old trees, should be less than an inch in diameter, one-half or five-eighths inch being a nice size.
A sloping cut, an inch or an inch and a half long, is made at the end of the cion, a corresponding cut is made on the stock, a small tongue of wood is raised on each by making a cut with a knife-blade parallel to the grain of the wood. The tongue is raised a little on both stock and cion and the two are then shoved together, with the cambium layers on one or both sides in contact. They must then be firmly bound together with twine or cloth, the whole of the cut surfaces being covered over to the exclusion of water, air and the germs of decay.
The cion and stock are preferably chosen of nearly the same size, but a cion somewhat smaller than the stock may be used, in which case ihe cambium layers along one side of the surfaces in contact must be placed opposite, as alreaidy indicated. In working nursery seedlings by whipgrafting, the cioiis should be inserted so that the point of union will be under the surface of the ground. The earth should be placed back around the union as soon as the work is completed. This plan of propagation will not give salisfactory results except on well-drained lands.
BUDDING, AND METHODS.
Budding is preferred to grafting by some propagators, ,is Ilhey are able to secure a larger percentage of unions than by grafting. Much, however, depends upon the locality, soil and drainage. By either method from fifty to seventy-five per cent. of successful unions must be considered satisfactory. The amateur may well be satisfied with ten per cent.
The season for budding is when the bark will slip well during the months of July and August. The season is, however, often extended into September. Many of the buds inserted late in the season remain dormant until the following spring.
During the season, from the first of July until September, the atmosphere is moist, the buds are in good condition, the sap flows freely, and better results are secured fhan at any other time. The buds commonly used are those which have been formed just previously. They should be carefully selected and only those fully matured should be used. Oliver (Bulletin 30, Bureau Plant Industry, U. S. 1). A.) recommends the use of dormant buds of last season, but the method has not met with favor because of the large amount of wood which must be sacrificed to secure a few buds.
ANNULAR BUDDING.-By this method branches or seedlin 0 tl(Vs three-quarters of an inch or less in diameter may be worked. It is preferable that the stock and bud stick he of the same size, though the stock may be somewhat smaller. From the stock remove a ring of bark an inch or so in length. On the bud-stick select a good bud and remove it by taking out a ring of bark the same in size as the one removed from the stock. Place this ring
3-Bul.
in the place on the stock prepared for it and bandage securely in place, using a piece of waxed cloth. The wrapper should be brought around the stock, so as to cover the cut ends. The bud may be covered over or left exposed. I
In ten days or two weeks remove the bandage, and examine the bud. A plump, full bud at this time is an indication that union has taken place.
VENEER-SHIELD OR PATCIi-BUDDING.-If this method is used, it is not essential that lthe stock and cion be of the same size, and so far as size alone goes almost any stock may be used. A rectangular or triangular piece of bark is removed from the side of the stock. From the bud stick (nt a similar piece of bark with a bud in its center. Place the bud in place on the stock and wrap as in annular budding. If the stock is considerably larger than the bud-stick, the piece of bark with bud attached will have to be flattened out somewhat before inserting.
LoirlING.-Frequently buds, particularly those inserted late in the season, act as dormant buds and do not begin growth until the following spring. The top of stocks budded during June, July and August should be lopped up to September first. It is always well to start the buds out before growth ceases for the season, but stocks budded afer the first of September should not be lopped until the following spring. just before growth begins.
One method of lopping is to cut the stock back to within five or ;,ix inches of the buds, at first. Later, after the buid Ihas grown to some size, it should he cut right back to the hnd and painlld over to prevent rotting Lopping imay also be performed by enutting the sock half oil' two or three inches above the (ul and bending it over. After growth sari~s in the bud, it should be reinoved entirely, thus throwing Ih full flow of sap into the bud.
TIHE NIRkSERY.
The beIst s oil for the pecanol industry is a well-drained, loamny soil, wiihl a clay o' -aindy-clay snub-soil. The land should he puii in good condition before' the trees or nuts are planted in it. Crops of beggarweed. velvet beans plowed under, or a good dressing of well-rol ted stable manure, will go a long way toward putting the ground in good shape. The ground should be plowed deeply and lput in the very best tilth.
Throughout the growing season the ground should be cultivated frequently. Shallow cultivation to conserve moisture and destroy weeds is all that is necessary. It is not possible to grow good trees without thorough, frequent cultivation.
Fertilizers containing considerable nitrogen should be used at the rate of about 300 pounds per acre. One analyzing 3 per cent. phosphoric acid, 3 per cent. potash and 6 per cent. nitrogen is about right for nurseries on most Florida soils.
As soon as a block of trees is removed, it is an excellent plan to sow the ground in one of the leguminous crops mentioned above, to help it to recuperate. The frequent cull ivations. so necessary for the growth of the trees, wear out the humus in the soil. The legumes will replace this if grown, and plowed back into the soil, after they are dead and dry.
TOP-WORKING PECAN TREES.
By far the greater number of seedling trees in the State have not fulfilled the expectations of their planters. The trees are not prolific, or the fruit which they bear is small nd inferior. Such trees, if in good health and vigor, may be Lop-worked to advantage. Seedlings may be planted with the expectation of top-working them, but this is not r-,c()imended.
IC tile trunks are small, an inch or an inch and a half in diameter, the whole top may be removed at once. If the Irees are of medium size the main branches may be worked close to the trunk; and if large, grafts may be inserted farther up from the trunk. Buds may be inserted in vigorous branches. The growth of such branches may be induced by cutting back the original branch of the tree in late .winter. Lateral buds will then be forced into growth and by midsummer the branches formed from them will be large enough to bud. The attempt should not be "made to bid or gra ft ovcr the whole top of a large tree in one season. Only a few branches should be worked each year, and in the course of two, three or four years, depending upon the size of the tree, the old top can be entirely removed and replaced by a new one of a good variety.
Both cleft and whip-grafts may be used, but the latter can, of course, only be used on small stocks. The objection to working very large branches is that they do not
heal readily; two and a half inches is about the maximum in size. Large wounds should be painted over with white lead paint to prevent decay.
For several months after the new top has commenced to grow the cious or buds have but a slight hold upon the stock, and as the growth is usually very vigorous and the leaf surface great. considerable damage is frequently done by strong winds, or by wind and rain together. To prevent this, the young shoots may be tied together or fastened to other portions of the stock. If this be done, care should be laken that the twine used does not do injury by cutting into the wood. To obviate this, a piece ot burlap should be placed around the branch beneath the twine, and the twine should be removed as soon as it has served its purpose. In some cases the top may be supported by lashing a pole against the side of the trunk and faslening the grafts to the upper part of this, or a pole may be driven into the ground at some distance from the trunk, fastened against a branch or stub of a branch above and used in the same way. After the top has grown sufficientlv to take care of itself, these posts can, of course, be removed. Sometimes, after the top has made considerable growth, and particularly if large branches are allowed to develop opposile each other, they are split apart and the whole top ruined. If this undesirable conformation exists it is best to take steps to prevent splitting. A bolt having a sout washer against the head should be placed through two branches, a second washer placed on and the nut screwed up. This bolt will, in the course of a few years, be entirely covered. By this means the tree trunks are held firmly together. This same plan may be used to save branches which have partially split apart. Sometimes a branch may be inarched from one large branch to another to serve as a living brace.
Necessarily, a considerable number of wounds are made in lop-workin. Branches are removed enirely, others are cut back to within a foot or so of the trunk and grafted. Often these fail to unite. Such stubs should not be left. If branches are formed on them they should be cut back to the point where these buds start; if no branches come out from them they should be cut back to the trunk or large branch on which they are borne. If left, they prevent the healing of the wound, rot back, and the rot is carried into and down the trunk of the tree, resulting in a hollow and weakening the trunk.
Sooth cuts should be made, and these should be covered with white lead paint to precvclt decay. A little lampblack may be added, if desired, to make the paint nearly the color of pecan hark.
SOILS, AND THEIR PREPARATION.
The peculiar conditions of soil and moisture surrounding the pecan in its native home might be regarded as an indication that it cannot be grown except on deep, rich soil, in proximity to rivers, ponds or streams. Such, however, would be a wrong inference, for it succeeds admirably and bears good crops on a wide range of soils. Hence we find it to-day in localities far removed from the regions to which it is indigenous and thriving under conditions differing greatly from those obtaining in its native home. In Florida, trees may be found growing on soils ranging from the black haninnock to the less fertile high pine lands. On hammock soils, however, the trees are often inclined to develop wood at the expense of fruit, while on less fertile soils the trees make less wood and bear more fruit proportionately. Pecans thrive well on flat woods; the grove of )Dr. .1. B. Curtis, Orange Heights, Fla., is planted on 1his type of land. Moisture in sufficient quantity must be present. but it will not do to plant the pecan on land that is continually wet and soggy. The presence of a hard. impenetrable sub-soil doubtless has a great influence upon the welfare of the tree, and it would be better to schlect other ground, or when this is impossible, to blast out the hardpan. A quicksand sub-soil is equally objectionable. If close to the surface, it should not be used. The roots cannot penetrate it. All things considered, the best soil is probably one which has previously supported a growthh of holly, willow-leaved oak, dog-wood, hickory and llose other trees usual found associated with them. A sandy loam. wilth a cay or sandy-clay su'b-soil, is difficullt to sIi.rpass.
A land intended for young trees should be well prepared. This preparation will depend largely upon the care an(d treatment which the soil has received previously. Land on which the forest still stands should preferably be thoroughly cleared and put in cultivation for a year or two before planting. Leguminous crops are excellent to precede the setting of the trees. Plow the
ground thoroughly, break deeply, harrow it level, and it is ready for the trees.
PECAN PLANTING.
IUYING TmEs.-Florida has suffered as much from fraudulent pecan tree agents as any other State. Seedling trees have been "doctored" and sold to planters, and varieties have been sold which were untrue to name. Unfortunately, too few people are acquainted with the characteristics of a budded or grafted tree.
Those who are thoroughly acquainted with the wood, twigs and branches of pecan trees are able to tell the different varieties at a glance. The color of the bark, the shape, size and arrangement of the lenticles, the size and shape of the buds are always characteristic, and by these marks varieties can be distinguished. Every planter should acquaint himself with the wood characieristics of the varieties. But, after all, the safest, by far Ihe safet, plan is to deal directly with honest nurserymen, men of unquestionable integrity, men who give their business careful thought and attention.
The best trees for general planning are well-grown oneyear-old trees, from three to five feet high.
Too often but slight attention is given to he planting of the trees. There is too( frequently a disposition on the part of the person setting trees of any kind to do the work as rapidly as possible, without consideration for the future welfare of lhe plants. Few realize that time spent in careful, intelligent preparation of the soil and in setting the trees is lime well spent and well paid for in the after- development of trunk and branch. Better a month spent in preparing the future home of the young tree than years of its life spent in an unequal struggle for existence. More than that, the tree may die outright and a year must elapse before it can be replaced. It is generallly stated that the pecan is a slow grower. and yet t-rees 'vrm twelve to fourteen years old will sometimes measure froin lthirty-five to fifty-seven inches in circumference al thie lse, while under less favorable circumstances others will sland still for a period of six or seven years, or until they have accumulated sufficient energy to overcome the nutoward conditions of their environment.
Dl)1sTir.Ncs.-The distance apart at which the tree should be set will dcplend in a measure upon the character
of the soil. If rich and moist, the trees should be set farther apart than on higher, drier soils. Forty feet is generally believed to be about right for most Florida lands. Two methods of setting may be followed, rectangular and hexagonal. The number of trees which may be set per acre by the rectangular system are as follows:
40x40 . 27 trees 40x45 . 24 trees 40x50 . 21 trees 40xG60 . 18 trees 15x45 . 21 trees 50x50 . 17 trees 50xG60 . 14 trees 50x75 . 11 trees 6(;0x)0 . 12 trees (;Ox75 . 9 trees 70x7 . 8 trees 70x75 . 8 trees 75x75 . 7 trees
To find the number of trees for any distances not given in the above table, multiply the distances togther and divide 43,560, the number of square feet in an acre, by the product. The result will give the number of trees.
By the hexagonal system, about fifteen per cent. more trees may ]e set per acre than by the rectangular system. If a double planting is contemplated, as pecans and peaches, the rectangular system should be used, and one or more peaches set out in each rectangle formed by the pecans.
STAKING TiHE GROUND.-If a good plowman can be secured, the rows can be run off with a plow, running both lengthwise and crosswise of the field. Ordinarily, however, a true corner may be established with a carpenter's square, the field staked out around the outside. For the rectangular system, the stakes can then be set up in the center of the field by measuring or by sighting, or by both. Ordinary building laths make good stakes.
To stake off the ground by the hexagonal method, commence on one side of the field and plant stakes at the desired distance apart where the trees are to stand. Using two chains or two pieces of wire with rings at the ends (their length being the same as the tree distance), the position for the second row of trees may be easily ascertained.
Drop tile rings over two adjoining stakes and stretch them out until they form an equilateral triangle with the base line. Plant a stake at the apex to indicate where the tree is to stand. Set up all the ,;takes for this second row in the same manner. then use it as a base line and so on across ibe field.
PL ANTING-. Haing set a stake where each tree is to stand, the planting board should then be brought into use. This is simply a liglht board, five or six inches wide and six feet long, with a notch cut in the center of one side and an inch hole bored1 in each end. In digging the holes for the trees this board is laid downi on the ground with the notchi against tile tree stake. Two small wooden stakes are then shoved into the ground through ilie holes in the ends and the board and tree stake both taken away.
In prep)arinlg tile tree for planting, all broken or bruised roots should be cut off immediately behind the injuries. This is usually done before packing for shipmnent if trees are purchased from a nuirserymanll, but lpossibly may be neglected or tile ends of rool s become rubbed or jagged in transit. The cuits should be made with a sharp knife from the underside of the roots and outward. leaving a smooth, sloping cut. To trimi the roots to the best advantage, they shlouldI be held upside down while t rimiming.
In setting out a pecan tree, a hole 24 inches in diameter and .30 inches deep is usually large enoug-h, although wider holes may be dug withl advantage, thereby enabling more pulverized and richer soil to be put around the roots, which is beneficial to the new feeding roots as they form. W~hen setting out the trees, carefully fill in among the roots with pulverized top soil or woods earth. Wellrotted nmanure or not exceeding one and one-half pounds of commercial fertilizer nmay be put in the outer sides of hole, as far as practicable beyond outer ends of lateral roots, while bole is being fill, but by no means to come in contact with the roots or trunk of tree. No fertilizer should be put at bottom of hole. Work and firmly* press the dirt among the roots, laying each root in a natural position. No holes or cavities in the soil should be left, and soil must be in close contact with all roots, especially the t-ap-root. Tile bottom of the hole should be firm, to avoid fui-ther settling of the tree. The tree should be set al: sucha a depth that after a copious watering and the permanent settling of the earth it will be, perhaps, a
iitle deeper than it stood in the nursery row. It is very important that no part of the crown or root be left uncovered when planted or afterward, and if at any time it is found that the earth has settled and left any brownish-red part of the crown or root exposed, it must again be covered with soil.
The point where the root and crown leave off and the trunk begins is a very vital portion of the newly-set tree and must always be underground. Trees sholld be carefully examined after the first heavy rain after planting, and earth thrown to tree if soil has settled. It is better to plant them an inch or two deeper than they stood in the nursery row than to run any risk of having the crown of root exposed. If tap-roots are inconveniently long, say over thirty inches, they must be cut off by a sloping cut with a sharp knife. In the larger size trees it is better to sink a hole deep enough to receive the root without cutting shorter than is done before packing. The foolish theory about a pecan tree not bearing if its tap-root has been cut has been so thoroughly disproved that it is not worth discussion. If the tap-root is cut when the tree is dug, as is often necessary, the cut quickly heals and a new tap-root sometimess several) will form. After planting is completed, loose soil should be lightly thrown around the tree to lessen evaporation, or it may be mulched with leaves, straw, etc., in lawns and other places where no crops are to be planted. Tile mulching ol newly-set trees is highly recommended. The ground is thereby kept moist, a slow decaying supply of natural plant food is provided, and grass and weeds are not so troublesome, Illus avoiding the necessity of so frequently stirring tile soil immediately around the trees. The ground around fruit or nut trees should never be allowed to lake or crust, and it is the more important with newlyset trees, particularly the first season.
Never allow the roots of a pecan tree to become dried out. It is best that the necessary root pruning be done in the shed and the trees carried to the field wrapped in a damp blanket, from which they are removed one by one as required for planting. The tops should be pruned back slightly to restore the balance between the roots and the tops, which has been disturbed in the process of transplanting.
The best time to plant pecan trees is somewhere between tile first of I)ecember or the latter part of Novem-
ber and the first of February. Preference must be given to the earlier part of this period, as the ground will have a chance to become firmly packed and the root wounds will have partially calloused over before the growing season begins. Besides, the early spring season in Florida is usually dry and recently planted trees do not stand nearly so good a show as those planted in )ecember and January.
CULTIVATION.
Because the pecan grows as a forest tree in some parts of the country many people suppose that it can be left without care and cultivation, left as any other tree in the fields and woods is left to shift for itself. But if fruit is required from the tree, no matter whether planted in the garden or the orchard, it should be given good care. Too many of our practices are based upon ideas taken from the native trees of the woods and fields. But all these trees do from year to year is bear a few fruits, many of which are imperfect, in the attempt to reproduce themselves. If that is all that is desired of the pecan tree, well and good; a system of neglect will secure the result and the insects and fungi will be the chief beneficiaries of the practice.
. One lesson can be learned from the woods. The ideal soil conditions for the pecan grove is that found in the forest. The soil there is filled with vegetable matter and humus; it holds water and plant food. The aim in the cultivation of the trees should be to provide and maintain a soil as nearly ideal as that.
Whether anyone would have the temerity to advocate the cultivation of a pecan orchard along the lines applied to peach orchards and citrus groves is seriously doubted. A pecan plantation will begin to bear in from six to eight years after planting and should produce a very fair crop at ten years, after which it rapidly increases in productivity. But during the period when the trees are growing and no fruit is being produced, cultivation must be given. This is best done by planting the land between the tree rows in cotton, peanuts or other field crops, in vegetables, cowpeas, beggarweed or velvet beans. The last mentioned crops may be used in making hay. These are the ideal crops for the pecan orchard. It would be best to follow a systematic rotation of these crops. As, for instance,
first year peanuts, second year cotton, or first year crabgrass and beggarweed, second year cotton, and third year velvet: beans or cowpeas.
The area grown in these crops should by no means equal the total area of the field. The tree rows for a width of four or five feet on each side should not be planted in crops during the first year. This strip should, however, be cultivated during the first part of the season and about the beginning of the rainy season sowed to beggarweed. The cultivated area will necessarily become more restricted each year, and eventually the ground will have to be given up to the trees.
Then the plan frequently advised is to put the land in grass and use it for a pasture. But grass is generally an important item in the cultivation of neglected pecan orchards. It is synonlyious iwith neglect and bad tMwatwcnt. It interferes with the growth, development and fruiting of the trees, and this plan is no longer advised by growers.
Instead, it is preferable o10 cultivate the trees in spring, continuing the cultivation well up to the rainy season. Later, in August, a crop of crabgrass and beggarweed may be removed for hay. By autumn a considerable additional growth will be formed to cover the ground in winter and turned back into the soil to restore and maintain the necessary hfimus content of the soil.
FERTILIZERS.
On nearly all Florida soils pecan trees are benefited by the application of fertilizers in some form or other. Large quantities of food materials are taken from the soil in the growth of the trees and thle development of the crop.
The greatest demand made on the soil by the tree is for nitrogen, and this can be met by applying stable manure, or by growing leguininous crops and turning them under, as already directed. In the fertilizing of the pecan this is by all means the best policy. The lpotash in the form of sulphate or mnuriate of potash and the phlosphoric acid in the form of acid phosphate can be supplied separately.
FORMIULAS.-The requirements of the trees will differ at different stages of their growth. The needs of the young trees differ from those of fruiting ones. For young trees, nitrogen in considerable amounts is required, while for
bearing trees more potash and phosphoric acid and less nitrogen, relatively, are required. if complete fertilizers are used, those given the young trees should analyze about five per cent. phosphoric acid, six per cent, potash and four per cent. nitrogen; while one containing six per cent, phosphoric acid, eight per cent, potash and four per cent. nitrogen is about right for bearing trees.
If we assume that acid phosphate analyzes 14 per cent. phosphoric acid, high-grade sulphate of potash 50 per cent. potash, cotton seed meal 6.5 per cent. nitrogen, and dried blood 14 per cent. nitrogen, the following amounts of these materials, which may be mixed at home, will give approximately the above analysis:
Foa YOUNG TREESAcid Phosphate (14 per cent, goods) .700 pounds 11. G. Sulphate, Potash . 225 pounds Cotton Seed Meal .1J150 pounds
If dried blood is used in place of cotton seed meal, onehalf of the amount, or 575 pounds. will give as much, or slightly more, nitrogen, than the 1,150 pounds, of cotton seed meal.
FOR OLD TREESAcid Phosphate (14 per cent.). 850 pounds HI. G. Sulphate Potash.2300 pounds Dried Blood. 250 pounds Cotton Seed] Meal .600 pounds
2,000 pounds
Api~vi~NG Tim FERTILIZER.-The whole of the fertilizer inay be applied in spring, just before the growth starts. On the whole, this is one of the best times, to apply it. In
soecases it may be advisable to apply only half the material at that time, leavingy the other half for applicatioi] about the first of June. So far as the nitrogen part of tile fertilizer is concerned, this would be good practice. hut tile potash and phosphoric acid may as well be applied ait the beginnling of the season's growth.
In applying the fertilizer to young trees, it should be put on in a circular hand about the tree (closer or farther away, depending on the size of the tree), and spreading iti around on a strip four or five feet wide. As the trees
increase in size, tile fertilizer should be applied over a larger area until, in the case of old trees, the whole surface should receive an application.
PRUNING.
For such pruning as is necessary for pecan trees, a few tools should be provided. These will consist of a pair of good pruning shears, German solid steel pruning shears being the best, a pair of Walter's tree prunes for cutting back long branches, and a good pruning saw. One of the best pruning saws is what is known as a Climax pruning saw, or a Pacific Coast pruning saw is equally as good.
it, is not advisable to prune the trees during the time when growth has just started in spring, and the sap is in active motion. At this time it will be well-nigh impossible to properly protect the wounds. The necessary coat of paint will not stick to the wound when wet with sap from the tree.
While pruning may be done during the summer months, when the tree is in full leaf, all things considered, the best time to prune is in early spring before growth starts. There is usually less to be done on the farm at this season and more time is available for the work. Wounds made at this time usually heal quite rapidly.
In cutting all branches the saw should be held parallel to the part which is to remain, and the branch should be cut off smoothly close up to the trunk.
As soon as the branch is removed the wound should be painted to protect it from decay. For a protective covering, nothing is better than white lead paint. A small amount of coloring matter may be added to it, if desired.
As a general rule, the pecan requires comparatively little )runing'. At the time of planting, the young trees should be cut back some distance, particularly if they are very tall. It is well to have the main branches form within four or five feet of the ground. After this about all the pruning necessary is to remove dead or injured branches and cut back those which have a tendency to run up beyond their neighbors. For this work, as well as in procuring grafts or bud-wood from the top of the tree, the tree-pruner comes into good service.
Top-worked trees frequently require considerable pruning to get them started so that they will develop into symmetrical trees.
HARVESTING AND MARKETING.
The pecan crop is not so difficult to harvest and prepare for market as a crop of oranges or peaches, for instance, and yet some care must be taken to put the nuts on the market in inviting shape.
FIELD EQUIPMIENT.-The equipment necessary for har. vesting consists of an extension ladder, a step-ladder, a number of bamboo fishing-poles and picking sacks. The best kind of step-ladder is one having three legs instead of four. Picking sacks m~ay be made from ordinary hemp or jute sacks. The sack should be spread open with a piece of stick, sharp-pointcd at both ends, placed in one side of the mouth, thus making the opening triangular. Place a pecan nut in the lower corner of the sack, tie one end of a piece of stout twine about it as it lies in the corner and then tie the other end of the twine to the center of the mount of the stick opposite the stick. The twine should be short enough to draw the bottom and top of the sack close together, leaving an opening through which the arm may be thrust and the sack slung over the shoulder.
PICKiNG.-As soon as the greater percentage of the burrs have opened, the crop should be gathered. It will not (10 to wait until all have opened, neither is it advisable to pick the trees over a number of times. Pick them clean at one piickingQ. The burrs of those nuts which are full 'v iiiatured will open, the burrs of immature ones may not1. TheI( tatter should be discarded.
The nien should climb the triees and pick the nuts by hand, usiiu~t ihie baiiiboo poles only for those entirely out of reach. Even this should be done carefully, so as not to injure the bearing wood1 of the trees. Care in picking goodl nuts by hand will amiply pay the grower, because the beating an(1 shaking of the trees will cause a considerable quantity of fruit to be lost, and a few pounds saved will repay all the time and trouble. Of course, in very higrh trees there is frequently nothing to (10 hut shake arid thrash I-lie crop off the trees. The plan of covering the ground beneath the trees with a large sheet would work well and assist in reducing losses. As soon as taken from the trees the nuts should be spread out under a shed or in a building to dry. A very convenient plan, and one which will save space, is to provide a sufficient number of trays, three feet hr four feet, and three inches deep, with half-
inch mesh wire bottoms, and place the nuts in these, two or two and a half inches deep. Racks can be provided around the room in which to place these. In from ten days to two weeks from the time of picking the nuts should be cured.
GRADIN.-The variety should be made the basis of the grade; that is, each variety should be picked, packed and marketed by itself. This, besides, gives an excellent opportunity to compare the commercial value of different kinds. When a grower has a large number of different kinds of seedling nuts, and a small quantity of each, they mav be graded by passing them through screens.
PoLISiliXo.-At the present time practically all of the common market nuts are both polished and colored. Coloring should not be resorted lo, and in tie case of good varieties of nuts polishing should not be done. In lhe case of small or mixed lois, however, polishing is useful in making the nuts more uniform. It can be accomplished by Iutting the nuts, with a little dry sand, in a barrel fixed so that it can be rotated like a revolving churn and turning over until the nuts receive the desired polish. The better nuts, however, should be put on the market just as llve come from the trees. The markings, dots and streaks on the outside are their trademark and should not be interfered with.
PC\-AES.-For shipping small quantities of pecans by express, nothing is better than a box. Barrels are best for larger shipments. For mail shipments stout pasteboard, wooden or tin boxes or tin cans make good packages. Frequently shipments are made in sacks, but the sack does not aford sufficient protection to the contents and should not be used. As a rule, the box should be made so that a given weight will fill i-, but this difficulty may be overcome, to a certain extent, by putting in a pad of paper or excelsior-paper being preferable. Fill the packages on a solid floor, shaking them down well and putting in all they will hold, placing the pad, if one has to be used, in the bottom.
On the outside of the packages, before shipping, should be placed the name of the grower, the variety, the number of pounds, and the shipping directions. Small boxes to be sijpped by express for the holiday trade should be wrapped in good quality wrapping paper before shipping.
MAITKETN.-The best plan for marketing good pecan nuts is to build up a private trade. As a matter of fact,
at the present lime but very few of the large, full-ineated pecans find their way into the general market. They are either taken by seedsmen or consumed by private CUSTOMers. In building up a private trade, advertising has its place, of course. Advertisements inserted in a magazine or papers, particularly in those which are published in the tourist townvis of the State, may be found helpful.
The object and aim should be to give each private customer a package, bright, ne at, attractive and containing the best quality of nuts. If a certain price per pound is fixed for a given quality, then this should not be varied under any circumstances. Each year the same quality of nuts should be given to each customer. It will not do to give larg-e ones one year and smaller ones the next; this tends to create dis~satisfaction. In some of the larger cities there are high-class fruit dealers who handle nothing but fruits, nuts, etc., of the very highest quality. Under some circumstances it mig-ht be well to enter into negotiations with such firms.
VARIETIES.
Although the pecan industry is not old, yet a very considerable number of varieties has been brought forward. Not all of these are or have been meritorious, and din fact many varieties are now represented by name only. Other varieties are comp~aratively new, and no one can speak authioritatively of what they will do over a wide range of territor 'v. Still other varieties have been propagated by buds or grafts for a number of years, with the result that they have been tested fairly well over the country. Some of the varieties so tried have proved satisfactory, others have not. Of the older varieties, Stuart, Van Demian and Frotscher have been found satisfactory in nearly' all cases, while Centennial and Rome have proved so unsati4actory that they have been cut out of the lists of many propagators. It is doubtful whether a more worthless nut has ever been propagated and rold than that much-named variety, Rome, Columbian, Pride of the Coast, Century, Twentieth Century, etc. For the Florida planters, the best advice t hat can be given is to plant neither Centennial nor Rome. They either do not bear enough fruit or that which they do produce is inferior or poorly filled out. Van Deman, Stuart and
Frotscher, on the other hand, have generally borne full crops of nuts of good quality.
A satisfactory commercial pecan nut must be prolific, of good size, good qualil>, must not be spasmodic in its bearing, plump, with a bright, presentable exterior and preferably a light-colored kernel. The nuts should, besides, yield sixty per cent. or upward of kernels. All these things in one variety make a difficult combination to secure. Undue weight must not, however, be given to size, for size and quality are usually antagonistic to each oiher. In fact, in pecans, as in other fruits, we must go to the small or medium sized ones for the best quality. No variety of pecan is superior to San Saba in quality, yet it is a small nut. Other varieties which may be regarded as standards of quality are Schley and Curtis. The former is a medium to a large nut and medium prolific variety, wbile Curtis is of medium size, precocious and prolific.
Moneymaker is reported as doing well in Louisiana, and, being a medium-sized nut, it is likely to succeed in Florida; but the shell is rather thick. Georgia has proved to be a prolific and precocious bearer. Nearly all of the varieties given in the following list have been reported upon favorably by different growers.
In planting pecans, no greater mistake than that of planting a large number of varieties can be made. At most, the plantings should be confined to four or five varieties. If the grower desires to experiment, and it is a good thing to do, then a tree or two of a number of other varieties should be included in order to test their merits.
VARTIE':S RECOMMENDED.-The following list contains the varieties which are worthy the attention of Florida planters. Not all of them have been thoroughly tested as vet. and the reason for inserting them here is to urge that this be done - not in large numbers, not in ten-acre blocks, but in lots of two or three trees. In the meantime, until our knowledge of the varieties and their adaption is increased, the safest advice that can be given the Florida planter by the writer is to confine himself to such well known varieties as Curtis, Frotscher, Schley, Stuart, Van Deman. This list for planting in the western part of the State may be supplemented by Bolton, Sweetmeat
4-Bul.
and Georgia. Pabst and Russell are also much in favor with a good may growers. Continued improvements in those we have and equally as valuable additions are, of course, to be expected and are being added from time to time.
REMARKS.
While we believe pecan growing to be a fine investment, we advise conservatism; do not plant more than can be properly cared for; the industry has come to stay, and with time it will grow to vast proportions. We do not believe that any person living to-day will ever see the demand wholly supplied, let alone a glutted market. The best grade of pecans are bringing about 50 cents per pound, but if this price is reduced in time as low as ten cents per pound there is more money in growing them than there is in most of the standard crops under g-ood management. So we say to the young or the middle-aged man or woman engaged in, or about to engage in, eithetgeneral or special farming, to plant pecans in proportion to their ability to care for them properly-it will pay them.
PART 111.
Fertilizers,
Feed Stuffs, and Foods and Drugs
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND
FORWARDING OF FERTILIZER OR COMMER
CIAL FEEDING STUFF SAMPLES TO THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.
SECTION 15 OF THE LAWS.
Special samples of Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs sent in by purchasers, under Section 9 of the laws, hall be drawn in the presence of two disinterested witnesses, from one or more packages, thoroughly mixed, and A FAIR SAMPLE OF THE SAME OF NOT LESS THAN EIGHT OUNCES (ONE-HALF POUND) SHALL BE PLACED IN A CAN OR BOTTLE, SEALED AND SENT BY A DISINTERESTED PARTY TO THH ('01M1ISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE AT TALLAHASSEE. Nr LESS THAN EIGIhT OUNCES, IN A TIN CAN OR BOTTLE, WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR ANALYSIS. This rule is adopted to secure fair samples of sufficient size to make the necessary determinations and to allow the preservation of a duplicate sample in case of l)rotest or appeal. This duplicate ample will be preserved for two months from the date of certificate of analysis.
The State Chemist is not the proper officer to receive special samples from the purchaser. The propriety of the method of drawing and sending the samples as fixed by law is obvious.
The drawing and sending of special samples in rare (-ases is in compliance with law. Samples :ire frequent ly xent in paper packages or paper boxes, badly pockd, ano frequently in very small quantity (less than ounce) ; fre quently there are no marks, numbers or other means of identification; the postmark in some instances being absent.
I would call the attention of those who desire to avail themselves of this privilege to Sections 9 and 10 of the low, which are clear and explicit.
Hereafter, strict compliance with above regulations will be required. The sample must not be less than onehalf pound, in a can or bottle, sealed and addressed to the Commissioner of Agriculture. The sender's name and address must also be on the package, this rule applying to special saniples of fertilizers or commercial feeding stuff.
A one-pound baking powder can, properly cleaned, filled with a fairly drawn, well mixed sample taken from several sacks, is a proper sample. It should be sealed and addressed to the Coranmissioner of Agriculture at Tallahassee. The sender's name and address should also be placed on the package. If more than one sample is sent, the samples should be numbered so as to idcntify them. All this should be done in the presence of the witnesses and the package mailed or expressed by one of the wi nesses.
The tags off the sacks should be retained by the sender to compare with the certificate of analysis when received, and not sent to this office. The date of he drawing and sending of the sample, and namcs of the witnesses, should also be retained by the sender; not sent to this office.
WATER ANALYSIS.
We frequently analyze water for public use, city, town and neighborhood supplies; springs and artesian wells in which the public is interested; and for individuals when some economic question, boiler, laundry or other industrial use is to be decided. WE DO NOT ANALYZE WATER FOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT WHEREIN THE PUBLIC IS NOT INTERESTED. SUCHI SAMPLES SHOULD BE SENT TO A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY. TIIE STATE LABORATORY DOES NCT CO\M'ETEI WITH COMMERCIAL LABORATORIES. Also. we do not make bacleriological examinations nor examinations for disease germs. Such examinations and anaiyses are made by the State Board of Health at Jacksonville.
We do not make a sanitary analysis, nor a complete quan titative determination, separating each mineral and stating the quantity thereof. Such an analysis would be costly in time and labor, and of no real value to the inquirer. We determine the total dissolved solids in the sample and report Ilhem as parts per 1,000,000. naming the principal ingredients in the order of their predominance. We find Calcium Carbonate (lime), Sodium Chloride (salt), Magnesium Sulphate (epsom salts), Silica (sand), and Iron, is the general order of their predominance, though on the coast, where the total dissolved solids amounts to 5,000 or more parts per 1,000,000, Sodium Chloride (salt) is the predominant substance.
From a knowledge of the chemical analysis of a water,
unaccompanied by any further information, no conclusion as to the potability and healthfulness of the water can be deduced.
Therefore, we require the following information to be given in regard to the source of the water:
(1). The source of the water: spring, lake, river, driven well, dug well, bored well, artesian well, or flowing well; and also the depth of the water surface below the top of the soil, and in case wells the depth of the casing.
(2). The locality of the source of the water: town, city or village; or the section, township and range.
(3). The proposed use of the water: city supply, doinestic use, laundry, boiler, irrigation or other industrial use.
(4). No sample of water will be analyzed unless the name and address of the sender is on the package for identification.
We retire two gallons of each sainple of water, in a new jug, stopped with a new cork, and sent by prepaid express. We will not accept any sample of water for analysis not in a new jug. Vessels previously used for other purposes are never properly cleaned for sending samples of water for analysis. Corks, once used for other substances (molasses, vinegar, whiskey, kerosene. etc.) are never properly cleaned. In sampling a well water, the stagnant water in the punp must first be pumped off. The jug niust first be rinsed with the water to be sampled, emptied, and then filled. A sample of spring, river or lake water is best taken (after rinsing the jug) by allowing the jug to fill aI',, immnersion sonie distance under lie surface near 1he (-enter of [lie bovdy of water.
NOTE.-We find the waters of the State-springs, wells, driven wells and artesian wells-generally very pure and wholesome, with but little mineral impurity and that such as is not harmful. Except in cases of gross carelessness, in allowing surface water to contaminate the well or spring, the waters of the State are pure and wNholesolne. The deep wells of the State are noted for their purity and healthfulness.
ANALYSIS OF FOODS AN) DRUGS.
Samples of Foods and Drugs are drawn under special regulations. Application should be made to the Com missioner of Agriculture or State Chemist for the neces-
sary blanks, instructions, etc., for drawing and transmitting samples of foods and drugs, including drinks of all kinds.
COPIES OF LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS,
AND STANDARDS.
Citizens of the State interested in fertilizers, foods and drugs, and stock feed, can obtain, free of charge, the respective Laws, including Rules and Regulations and Standards, by applying to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist. Applications for the Quarterly Bulletin of the State Department of Agriculture should also be made to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist. The Bulletins of the Florida Agricultural Experim-ent Station can be had by application to the Director at Gainesville.
SOIL ANALYSIS.
We frequently have samples of soil sent in for analysis and a request to advise as to the best methods of fertiliziug. Excepting in extreme cases, such as Hleavy Clays, Pure Sand and Muck Lands, there is but little information to be derived from a soil analysis that would be of benefit to farmers. So much depends on tilth, drainage, culture and other ph 'ysical conditions that an analysis made tinder laboratory conditions is of little value.
A chemical analysis of a soil may indicate a very fertile soil, rich in p~lant food, while I-le facts are the soils are not productive. This is instanced by the rich Saw-grass, muck lands and river bottoms of the State, that are fertile chemically, but not productive until properly drained; also , by the arid lands of Ihe west, rich in the elements of plant food, but not productive until irrigated. Other soils, with less plant food, hut on account of proper physical conditions, culture and tilth, are exceedingly productive.
The average of thousands of analyses of Florida soils made b)'y the Agricultural Experiment Station and the State Laboratory is as follows:
Nirgn(per cent.). 0.0413 Pot ash (per cent.). .0.0,09 1 Phosphoric Acid (per cent.).0.1635
This is a fair average of all of the Norfolk and Portsmouth soil series of the State, which comprise by far the greater portion of the State.
In this connection we quote from the report of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station,. Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., as follows:
"SOIL ANALYSIS o LITTLE VALUED IN SHOWING FERTILIZER REQUIREII MENTS.-1The Chemical Department is called upon to answer hundreds of letters of inquiry in relation to agricultural chemical problems from people all over the State. In this connection it might be well to say that there is a widespread idea that the chemist can analyze a sample of soil and, without further knowledge of the conditions, write out a prescription of a fertilizer which will fill the needs of that particular soil.
"The Experiment Station does not analyze samples of soil to determine the fertilizer requirements. There is no chemical method known that will show reliably the availability of the plant food elements present in the soil, as this is a variable factor, influenced by the kind of croIp, the type of soil, the climate and biological conditions; hence, we do not recommend this method of testing soil.
"The melhod recommended by the Indiana Station is the field fertilizer test or plot system, in which long, narrow strips of the field to be tested are measured off side by side. The crop is planted uniformly over each. Different fertilizers are applied to the dillerent plots, every thiird or fourth one being left unferti-ized. The produce from these plots is harvested separately and weighed. In this manner the farmer cain tell what fertilizer is best suited for his needs. As climatic conditions may influence the yield with different fertilizers, it is best to carry on such tests for more than one year before drawing definite conclusions. There is positively no easier or shorter method of testing the soil that we fee? safe in recommending.
"Soil can be greatly improved by an intelligent rotation of crops, the conservation of stable manure, and the use of some kind of commercial fertilizer. Farmers need have no fear that the proper application of commercial fertilizer will injure the land."
INSTRUCTIONS TO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS.
Each package of Commercial Fertilizer, and each package of Commercial Feeding Stuff, must have, securely attached thereto, a tag with the guaranteed analysis required by law and the stamp showing the payment of the inspector's fee. This provision of the law, Section 3 of both laws-will be rigidly enforced.
Manufacturers and dealers will be required to properly tag and stamp each package of Commercial Fertilizer or Commercial Feeding Stuff under penalty as fixed in Sec tion G of both laws. Tags shall be attached to the top end of each bag, or head of each barrel.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PURCHASERS.
Purchasers are cautioned to purchase no Commercial Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuff that does not bear on cach package an analysis tag with the guarantee required by law, and the stamp showing the payment of the inspector's fee. Goods not having the guarantee tag and stamp are irregular and fraudulent; the absence of the guarantee and stamp being evidence that the mannfacturer or dealer has not complied with the law. Without the guarantee tag and stamp showing what the goods are guaranteed to contain, the purchaser has no recourse against the manufacturer or dealer. Such goods are sold illegally and fraudulently, and are generally of little value. All reputable manufacturers and dealers now comply strictly with the law and regulations by placing the guarantee tag and stamp on each package.
INsSTRUCTIONS TO SHERIFFS.
The attenlion of Sheriffs of the various counties is called to Section 3 of both laws, defining their duties. This department expects each Sheriff to assist in main training the law and protecting the citizens of the State from the imposition of fraudulent, inferior or deficient Commercial Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs.
MARKET PRICES OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZING MATERIALS AT FLORIDA SEA
PORTS, JANUARY 1, 1910.
AMMONIATES.
Less than Ten tons ten tons. and over.
Nitrate of Soda, 17 per cent Ammonia. .$52.00 $51.00 Sulphate of Ammonia, 25 per cent Ammonia .70.00 69.00
Dried Blood, 16 per cent Ammonia. 59.00 58.00
POTASH.
High Grade Snlphate of Potash, 48 per
cent. Potash (K20) . $50.00 $49.00 Low Grade Sulphate of Potash, 26 per
cent Potash (KO) . 30.00 29.00
Muriate of Potash, 50 per cent. Potash (K20) . 46.00 45.00 Carbonate of Potash, 60 per cent. Potash (K20) . 110.00 . Nitrate of Potash, 15 per cent. Ammonia, 44 per cent. Potash (K.O) . 90.00 89.00 Kainit, 12 per cent. Potash (K20) . 13.00 12.00 Canada Hardwood Ashes. 4 per cent.
Potash (K20) . 18.00 17.00
AiMIONIA AND PlOSPHORIc ACID.
High Grade Blood and Bone, 10 per
cent. Ammonia, 5.50 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . $40.00 $39.00 Blood and Bone. 8 per cent. Ammonia,
10 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . 36.00 35.00 Low Grade Blood and Bone, 6.50 per cent. Ammonia, 8 per cent. Phosphoric A cid . 32.00 31.00 Raw Bone, 4 per cent. Ammonia, 22 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . 34.00 33.00 Ground Castor Pomace. 5.50 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent Phosphoric Acid 26.00 25.00
Bright Cotton Seed Meal, 7.50 per cent. Ammonia . 34.00 33.00 Dark Cotton Seed Meal, 4.50 per cent. Ammonia . 30.00 29.00
PuosiPiORIC ACID.
High Grade Acid Phosphate, 16 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid.$15.00 $14.00 Acid Phosphate, 14 per cent. Available Phiosphoric Acid . 14.00 13.00 Bone Black, 17 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid.25.00 24.00
Odorless Phosphate., 14 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid .25.00 24.00
MISCELLANEOUS.
High Grade Ground Tobacco Stems, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 8 per cent. Potash (K20) . 22.00 21.00
High Grade Kentucky Tobacco Stems , 2.50 per cent. Ammonia, 10 per cent. Potash (ILO) . 25.00 24.00
Tobacco Dust, No. 1. 2 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent. Potash (K,20.25.00 24.00
Cut Tobacco Stems, 2 per cent. Ammnonia, 4 per cent. Potash (1K20) .20.00 19.00 Dark Tobacco Stems, baled, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 4 per cent. Potash (K20) 19.-00 18.00 Land Plaster . 12.00 11.00
The, charges by reputable manufacturers for mixing and bagging any special or regular formula are $1.50 per ton in ex-_ess of above prices.
NEW YORK WHOLESALE PRICES, CURRENT JAN.
1, 1910-FERTILIZER MATERIALS.
Ai MONIATES.
Ammonia, sulphate, foreign, prompt,
per 100 pounds . $2.65 @
futures . 2.65 @ Ammonia, sulp., domestic, spot .2. 671/2@
futures . 2.651/2@ Fish scrap, dried, 11 per cent. ammonia
and 14 per cent. bone phosphate, f. o.
b. fish works, per unit . 2.85 & 10
wet, acidulated, 6 per cent.
ammnonia, ) per cent. phosphoric acid, f. o. b. fish works 2.35 & 35 Ground fish guano, imported, 10 and
11 per cent. ammonia and 15-17 per cent. bone phosphate, c. i. f. N. Y.,
Balto. or Phila . 3.00 & 10 Tankage, 11 per cent. and 15 per cent.
f. o. b. Chicago . 2.75 @2.80&10 Tankage, concentrated, f. o. b. Chicago,
14 to 15 per cent., b. Chicago . 2.75 @ Garbage, tankage, f. o. b. Chicago . 8.00 Sheep manure, concentrated, f. o. b.
Chicago. per toil . 9.50 @ Hoofmneal, f. o. b. Chicago, per unit. 2.55 @ Dried blood, 12-13 per cent. ammonia, f. o. b. New York . 2.95 @ Chicago . 2.90 @ Nitrate of soda, 95 per cent spot, per
100 pounds . . - @ 2.10
futures, 95 per cent .- 0q 2.10
PHOSPETATES.
Acid phosphate, per unit . $ .55 (Th .60 Bones, rough, hard, per ton . 20.50 @ 21.50
soft steamed unground . 18.50 @q 21.00
ground, steamed, 1 1-4 per
cent. ammonia and 60 per
cent. bone phosphate . 19.00 @ 19.50
ditto, 3 and 50 per cent . 22.50 @ 22.50
raw ground, 4 per cent. ammonia and 50 per cent. bone
phosphate . . 26.00 South Carolina Phosphate rock, undried, per 2,400 lbs., f. o. b. Ashley R iver . 5.50 South Carolina Phosphate rock,
hot air dried, f. o. b. Ashley River. 7.00 Florida land pebble phosphate rock,
68 per cent., f. o. b. Port Tampa,. . 3.75 Florida high grade phosphate hard
rock, 77 per cent., f. o. b. Florida
or Georgia ports . 7 Tennessee phosphate rock, f. o. b., Mt.
Pleasant, domestic, per ton, 78@80
per cent . . 5.00
75 per cent. guaranteed . 4.75 68@72 per cent . . 4.25
@ 27.00
5.75 7.25
4.00
(a 7.50
5.50 5.00
4.50
POTASHES.
Muriate potash, basis 80 per cent, per
100 pounds . $ 1.90 @ Manure salt, 20 per cent. actual potash 14.75 @ double manure salt, 48 per cent. . 1.161/.,@ Sulphate potash (basis 90 per cent) . . 2.181/20a Kainit, in bulk, 2,240 pounds . 8.50 @
STATE EVALUATIONS.
For Available and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, Ammonia
and Potash for the Season of 1910.
Available Phosphoric Acid .5 cents a pound Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .1 cent a pound Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen). .16 cents a pound Potash (as actual potash, K,0) .51 cents a pound
If calculated by unitsAvailable Phosphoric Acid . 1.00 per unit Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .20 c. per unit Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) . .$3.20 per unit Potash . 1.10 per unit
With a uniform allowance of $1.50 per ton for mixing and bagging.
A unit is twenty pounds, or 1 per cent, in a ton. We find this to be the easiest and quickest method for calculating the value of fertilizer. To illustrate this, take for example a fertilizer which analyzes as follows: Available Phosphoric Acid. .6.22 per cent.x$1.00-$ 6.22 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid. .1.50 per cent.x .20- .30 Ammonia. 3.42 per cent.x 3.20- 10.94 Potash.7.23 per cent.x 1.10- 7.95 Mixing and Bagging. 1.50
Commercial value at seaports. $26.91
Or a fertilizer analyzing as follows:
Available Phosphoric Acid. .8 per cent.x.$.00-$ 8.00 Ammonia.2 per cent.x 3.20- 6.40 Potash. pe cent.x 1.10- 2.20
Mixing an agn. 1.50
Commerccial value at seaports. $18.10
The above valuations are for cash for materials delivered at Florida seaports, and they can be bought in oneton lots at these prices at the date of issuing this Bulletin. Where fertilizers are bought at interior points, the additional freight to that point must be added.
If purchased in carload lots for cash, a reduction of ten per cent. can be made in above valuations, t. e.:
Available Phosphoric Acid .90 cents per unit Potash (K.0) . 99 cents per -unit Ammonia (or equivalent in nitrogen). .$2.88 per unit
The valuations and market prices in preceding illustrations are based on market prices for one-ton lots.
STATE VALUES.
It is not intended by the "State valuation" to fix the price or commercial value of a given brand. The "State values" are the market prices for the various approved chemicals and materials used in mixing or manufacturing commercial fertilizers or commercial stock feed at the dale of issuing a Bulletin. or the opening of the "season." They may, but seldom do, vary from the market prices. and are made liberal to meet any slight advance or decline.
- They are compiled from price lists and commercial reports by repulable dealers and journals.
*The quest ion is frequently asked: "What is 'Smith's Fruit and Vine' worth per ton ?" Such a question cannot be answered categorically. By analysis, the ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash may be determined, and the inquirer informed what the cost of the necessary material to compound a ton of goods similar to "Smith's Fruit and V'ine" would be, using none but accepted aiid well lhnown materials of the best quality.
Slate values do not consider "~trade secrets," loss on bad bills, cost of advertisements and expenses of collections. The "State value" is simply that price at whicb, the various ingrdients necessary to ulse in compounding a fertilizer, or feed, can be p~urchased for cash in ton lots at Florida sea pore.
These price lists in one and ten-ton lots are published in this report, with the "State values" for 1910 deducted therefrom.
COMPOSITION OF FERTILIZER MATE1 IALLS
NITROGENOUS MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Ammonia Phosphoric
moni Acid Potash
Nitrate of Soa. 17 to 191 . . Sulphate of Ammonia . 21 to 24 .
Dried Blood. 12 to 17 . Concentrated Tankage . 12 to 15 1 to 2 .
Bone Tankage .i 6 to 9 10 to 15 .
Dried Fish Scrap . 8 to 11 6 to 8 . Cotton Seed Meal. 7 to 10 2 to 3 1 to 2
Hoof Meal . 13 to 17 1i to 2 .
PHOSPHATE MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Available Insoluble
Ammonia Phos. Acid Phosphoric
Acid
ilorida Pebble Phosphate. . . . 26 to 32
lorida Rock Phosphate.j . . i 3 to ' E Florida Super Phosphate. . 14 to 45 1 to 35
Ground Bone . 3 to 61 5 to 8 15 to li
,,teamed Bone . 3 to 4i 6 to 9 10 to 2(1
Dissolved Bone . 2 to 4 13 to 15i 2 to A
POTASH MATERIALS AND FAR\I MANURES.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Actual Phosphoric
Potash Ammonia AcidPhosphor Lime
Viuriate of Potash. 50 I. ,n hate of Potash. 48 to 52 1. . . Carbonate of Potash. 55 to 60 I. . Nitrate of Potash. 40 to 44 |12 to 16 . j. Double Sul. of Pot. & Mag 26 to 30 . tainit . 12 to 121 . . lylvinit . 116 to 20 i. . rCotton Seed Hull Ashes. .15 to 30 . . 7 to 9 10 Wood Ashes, unleached.1 2 to 8 . . Ito 2. Wood Ashes. leached. 1 to 2 . .1 to 1j 35 to 40 Tobacco Stems. . 5 to 8 2 to 4 . 3)
Cow Manure (fresh).i 0.40 Oto0.41 0.16 0.31
Horse Manure (fresh). 0.53 Oto 0.601 0.28 0.31
Sheep Manure (fresh).l 0.67 1.00 1 0.23 0.33
Hog Manure (fresh) . 0.60 0.55 0.19 0.)8
FHen Dung (fresh). 0.85 2.07 1.54 0.24
fixed Stable Manure.| 0.63 0.76 0.26 0.70
FACTORS FOR CONVERSION.
To convertAmmonia into nitrogen, multiply by . 0.824 Ammonia into protein, multiply by .5. 15 Nitrogen into ammonia, multiply by . 1.2 14 Nitrate of soda into nitrogen, multiply by . 0.16147 Nitrogen into protein, multiply by .(6.25 Bone phosphate into phosphoric acid, multiply by 0.458 Phosphoric acid into bone phosphate, multiply by 2.184 Muriate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.632 Actual potash into muriate of potash, multiply by 1.583 Sulpbate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.541 Actual potash into sulphate of potash, multiply by 1.85 Nitrate of potash into notrogen, multiply by .0.139 Carbonate of potash into actual potash,multiply by 0.681 Actual potash into carbonate of potash,multiply by 1.466 Chlorine, in "kainit," multiply potash (K,0) by. . 2.33
For instance, you buy 95 per cent, of nitrate of soda and want to know how mudl, nitrogen is in it. multiply 95 per cent, by 0.1647, you will get 15.65 per cent. nitrogen; you want to know how much ammonia this nitrogen is equivalent to, then multiply 15.65 per cent. by 1.214 and you gel 18.99 per cent., the equivalent in ammonia.
Or, to convert 90 per cent, carbonate of potash into actual potash (K,0), multiply 90 by 0.681, equals 61.29 per cent, actual potash (KO).
SPECIAL SAMPLES.
It is shown by the number of "Special Samples" (those sent in direct by the purchaser of fertilizers or feeds) that the law is becoming more generally understood by the farmer, fruit and vegetable grower. Purchasers who have any reason to doubt the correctness of the guarantee on the goods furnished them, should not hesitate to send in samples for an analysis.
This right to have a sample of the goods purchased analyzed by the State Chemist, under Section 9 of the
&--Bul.
law - without charge - the inspection fees covering the cost of analysis, as well as inspection-has doubtless had a direct influence upon the increased quality of the goods sold in the State. When properly drawn, sealed, witnessed and transmitted, the "Special Sample" has proved a safeguard to the consumer, legitimate dealer and manufacturer, and a check upon the careless, ignorant, or fraudulent vendor or manufacturer.
It furnishes the consumer taith, the same protection demanded by the manufacturer, who buys his materials only upon, the guarantee, and pays for Min according to analysis.
By far the largest amount of commercial fertilizers used in Florida are manufactured or mixed by factories in the State. Large amounts of fertilizing materials are imported direct by factories and dealers located at our seaport cities; cargoes of potash salts direct from Germany are now frequently received by Florida importers, while large amounts of acid phosphate are manufactured at and exported from the various Gulf and Atlantic Ports.
Florida consumers may now purchase their fertilizers and chemicals at Florida seaports as cheaply as at any of the seaports of the country.
Tables of the average composition of feeds and fertilizer materials will be found in this Bulletin. The consumer should consult them, compare the guarantee tag therewith, and if doubtful of the truthfulness of the "4guarantee."l send a "Special Sample" in a tin can to the Commission er of Agriculture for analysis, as directed in regulations governing the takingr and sending of special samples-on another page.
67
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF
FEED STUFFS.
NAME OF FEED
Briglit (Jot'n Seed Meal Dark, Cotton Seed Meal Linseed Mea]l old Linseed Meal, new process.
NIheat Bran.
Wheat MAiddlings .
Mixed Feed (Wheat).
Ship Stuff (Wheat). .'Corn (grain). Corn Meal. Corn Cobs . Corn and Cob Meal . Hominy Feed . Corn and Oats, equal parts.
Corn and Oat Feeds. Barley (grain). Barley Sprout,,-. . Barley and Oats, equal parts . . .I
9.35 39.70 20.00 22.90
7.50
8.40 9.00
5.40 7.80 5.60)
2.10 1.90 30.10 6.60
4.05 5.70
12.10 2.70 10.90
35.70 816.10
15.40 15.40 16.90
14.60 10.50 9.70
2.40 8.50 10.50 10.50 8.70
12.40 27.20
COMMERCIAL
4-
28.60 7.801 5.80 37.10 5.50 5.00
36.00 36.70 53.90
59.40 54.40
59.80 69.60 68.70
54.90 64.80 65.30
64.20 61.70 69.80
42.70
6.101 12.10 64.75
7.20 3.60
4.00) 4.10 4.80 5.00
5.40 3.80 0.50 3.50 7.85
4.40 3.70 1.80 1.60
3.401
5.30 5.20 5.80 3.20 5.30
3.70 1.50
1.40 1.40 1.50 2.55
2.20 3.20
2.40 6.30 2.70
68
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS- (Conlinued.)
NAME OF FEE).
JOats (grain) .
Oat Feed .
Rice (grain) . R ice l-,an. .
Rice lulls .
Rye (grain) .
Rye Bran .
Wheat Igrain) .
Cow Pea .
Cow Pea 1ny .
Velvet Beaus and Hulls Velvel Bean hlay .
Beggarweed Bay .
Wire Grass Hay .
Cotton Seed (whole).
Cotton Seed Hulls .
Gluten Feed .
Beef Scrap .
'0
9.50 6.10 0.20 9.50
35.70 1.70 3.50 1.80
4.10 20.10 9.20 29.70 24.70 31.80 23.20 44.40 5.30
11.80 59.70 5.00 3.00 16.00 59.40 7.10 3.70 7.40 79.20 0.40 0.40 12.10 49.90 8.80 10.00 3.60 38.60 0.70 13.20 10.60 72.50 1.70 1.90 14.70 63.80 2.80 3.60 11.90 71.90 2.10 1.80 20.80 55.70 1.40 3.20 16.60 42.20 2-20 7.50 19.70 51.30 4.50 3.30 14.70 41.00 1.70 5.70 21.70 30.20 2.30 10.90 5.50 ,18.60 1.50 3.80 18.40 24.70 1.9.90 3.50 4.00 36.60 2.00 2.60 24.00 51.20 10.60 1.10 44.70 3.28 14.75 29.20
COMMERCIAL STATE VALUES OF FEEDSTUFFS FOR 1910.
For the season of 1910 the following "State values" av;r fixed ani a guide to purchasers.
'[hee values are based on the current price of corn, which has been chosen as a standard in fixing the coinmercial values; the j;vice of corn, to a li rge extent, governing the price of otier feeds. pork, beef. etc.:
COMMERCIAL VriALUES OF FEEDSTUIFFS FORP 1910.
Protein, 31 cents per ,round .i cents per onit Star:h and Sugar. 1 A cents per pound. .30 cents per unit Fats. 3 cents per pound . 65 cens per unit
A unit being 20 pounds (1 per cent) of a ton.
Indian corn being the standard (@) ')1).00 per ion.
To find the commercial State value. multiply the per,entages by the price per unit.
EXAMPLE NO. 1.
HOMINY FEE) -Protein .10.50 x 65c. $ 6.83 Starch and Sugar . 65.30 x 30c, 19.59 Fat . 7.85 x 65c, 5.10
State value per ton . $31. 52
EXAMPLE No. 2.
CORN
Protein .10.50 x 65c. $ 6.8.
RStrch and Sugar . 69.60 x 0c, 20.88 Fat . 5.40 x 65c, 3.51
State valne Tier ton . $31.22
FORMULAS.
There are frequent inquiries for formulas for various crops; there are hundreds of such formulas published; and while there are hundreds of "Brands" the variations in these grades are surprisingly little. Dozens of "Brands" put up by the same manufacturer are identical goods, the only difference being in the name printed on the tag or sack. A good general Formula for field or garden might be called a "Vegetable Formula," and would have the following: Ammonia 3j per cent, available phosphoric acid 61 per cent, and potash 74 per cent. The following formulas will furnish the necessary plant food in about the above proportion. I have purposely avoided the use of any fraction of 100 pounds in these formulas to simplify them. Values are taken from price lists furnished by the trade, which we published in our Report of January 1, 1910.
For Cotton, Corn, Sweet Potatoes, and Vegetables: Ammonia 34 per cent, available phosphoric acid 64 per cent, potash 74 per cent.
(A) "VEGETABLE."
No. 1.
Per Cent.
900 pounds of Cotton Seed Meal (7i-2i-1I) .3.25 Ammonia 800 pounds of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.) . 6.40 Available 300 1 ounds of Muriate (or Sulphate) (50 per cent) 7.50 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged .$26.55
Plant Food per ton. 343 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
1000 lbs of Blood and Bone (6j-8). 3.25 Ammonia 400 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cnt.) . 7.00 Available 600 lbs of Low Grade Snip. Pot. (26 per et.) ) 7.80 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged .$27.48
Plant Food per ton . . 360 pounds
No. 3.
300 lbs of Dried Blood (16 per cent.) . 100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent.). 1000 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.) 600 lbs of Low Grade Sulp. Pot. (26 per ct.)
2000
Per Cent.
3.25 Ammonia 8.00 Available
7.80 Potash
State value mixed and bagged . $28.48
Plant Food per ton . 381 pounds
(B) "FRUIT AND VINE."
No. 1.
Fruits, Melons, Strawberries, Irish Potatoes: Ammonia 4 per cent., Available Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent., Potash 10 per cent.
Per Cent.
1000 lbs of Blood aad Bone (6-8) . 4Amn
100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per ecnt.). 4 Ammonia 500 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 8 Available 400 lbs of Muriate of Potash (50 per ct.) . 10 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $33.30
Plant Food per ton . 440 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
500 lbs of Castor Pomace (6-2 per cent.) . 4.10 Ammonia 200 lbs of Sulp. of Am. (25 per cent.) . Avaia
900 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 7.70 Available 400 lbs of Sulp. of Pot. (48 per cent.) .
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $32.56
Plant Food per ton . 426 pounds
No. 3.
Per Cent.
500 lbs of Cotton Seed Meal (7j-2 -1i) . 10- lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent.). 100 lbq of Sulp. of Am. (25 per cent.). 900 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 400 lbs of Sulp. of Potash (48 per cent.).
2000
3.97 Ammonia 8.30 Available
8.97 Potash
State value mixed and bagged . $32.18 Plant Food per ton . 425 pounds
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FERTILIZER SECTION.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSIS, 1910. L. HEmNIBURR. Assistant Chemist.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 9. Act Approved May 22, 1901.
NAME, OR BRAND.,
I
Fertilizer .2117 . Cotton Seed Meal (G T. No. 2118 . 1 4461) . Cotton Seed Meal (A. C. L. 2119 . No. 33350) . Cotton Seed Meal "W' . . 2120 . Cotton Seed Meal "B" . 2121 .
Fertilizer . 2122 12.17 Fertilizer . 2123 12.76 Acid Phosphate . 2124 . Nitrate of Soda . 2125 .
Phosphoric Acid.
0
o 9
E- I- A4~
3.97 2.30 6.27 7.00 . 7.35
. . . . 7 .25
. . 4 .38 4.28
8.55 0.271 8.82 208 9.251 0.391 9.64 1.65 15.711 0.85 16.56 .
. 18.60
7.03.
BY WHOM SENT.
R. E. Rose. Tallahassee, Fla. Lewis Bear Co., Pensacola, Fla. Lewis Bear Co., Pensacola, Fin.
.D. M1. Lowery, Tallahassee, Fla. . . . Lowery, Tallahassee, Fia.
2.48" [W. A. Galloway, Perry. Fia.
1.86' C. T. Jenkins, Ferry, Fla. . . D.Johnson, Holt, Fla. .I J. D. Johnson, Holt, Fla.
I
Peruvian Guano (M. C. No.12126 48235) . I Peruvian Guano ( Sou. No. 2127 132963) . .
Peruvian Guano (M. & W. No. 2128 60028) . Basic Slag (C. & 0. No. 5296) 2129 Basic Slag (S. A. L. No. 2130
1 721) . Basic Slag (Son. No. 9947) . 2131 Cotton Seed Meal (R. I C. 2132 No. 60144) . Cotton Seed Meal (I. C. No. 2133 25192) . Cotton Seed Meal (B. & 0. No. 2134 70177) . Cotton Seed Meal (N. & W. 2135 N o. 60396) . Cotton Seed Meal (M. C. No. 2136 44538) . Cotton Seed Meal . 2137 Fertilizer . 2138 Fertilizer . 2139 Cotton Seed Meal . 2140 Cotton Seed Meal . 2141 Cotton Seed Meal . 2142 Cotton Seed Meal . 2143 Cotton Seed Meal . 2144 Cotton Seed Meal . 2145 Cotton Seed Meal . 2146 Cotton Seed Meal (C. of Ga. 2147 N o. 4662) .
12.15
9.21 5.43
10.85 5.32 10.17 4.01 5.53 12.00 5.S4 11.88 6.23 11.97
11.15 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . .
6.50 2.051
1
6.99 2.481
5.96 2.38
7.24 .
7.35 .
7.15 .
7.30 .
7.52 .
7.85 . 1.70 2.21 2.23 2.04' 7.56 . 6.78 . 7.62 . 7.54 .
6.96 . 7.52 . 7.66 . 1 6.81.
Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Ia.
Krans, lclFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
Kraus. AcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. Kraus, 2"eFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. Kraus, AtcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. KEraus, MeFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
Kt aus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
I. vaus, MclFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
1<1 aus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
A1rs. H. V. Thomas, DeFuniak, Fla. ('hvles Foster, Holt, Fla ?ilton Foster, Red Rock, Fla. IPunon Chappell, Quincy, Fla. T. ('. Lambert, Quincy, Fla. L IN. Owens, Quincy, Fla. F I. Owens, Quincy, Fla. 11 F. Dykes, Quincy, Fla 11. G. Flake, Quincy, Fla. C. W. Ow ens, Quincy, Fla. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAMEOR BRAND., ~0a) BY WHOM SENT.
'0 V2 .0 .0
.0Z ,4 0 '2
Cotton Seed Meal (L. & N. z148 .
N o. 67183) .
c otton Seed Meal (Grand 2149 .
Trunk No. 12573) .
Cotton Seed Meal (M. L. & T. 2150 .
N o. 30606) .
Cotton Seed Meal (L. & N. 2151 .
N o. 17759) .
Fertilizer No. 1 . 2152 15.,6 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2153 10.15 Fertilizer . 2154 13.71 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2155 . Fertilizer No. 2 . 2156 . Muriate of Potash . 2157 . Fertilizer No. 3 . 2158 11.11 Nitrate of Soda . 2159 . Fertilizer . 2160 11.28 Fertilizer . 2161 . Fertilizer . 2162 11.79 Muriate of Potash . 2163 .
i
. 7 .071 . . 7 .40 . . 7 .27 1 .
. .921.
9.29 11.071 8.89! 9. 80i 12.131
11.28I
8.501 15.62
13.05
1.75 11.041 1.29 12.86 0.71 9.601 0.02 9.82 0.22 12.351
0.59 11.87
0.051 8.55 1.71[ 17.33, 1.16 14.211 . . . . . . . . . . .
2.57 1.36: 4.61'
2.20 3.01 1.59 2.81 2.02 1.8,9
. ! 58.88 3.36 3.07 18.39 .
2.131 2.35, 0.95 2.01 1.90 1.74
. 50.20
Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. -i Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
T. G. Lambert, Quincy, Fla. T. G. Lambert, Quincy, Fla. T W. Bryan, Sullivan, Fla. W. P. Bryan, Sullivan, Fla. V1- '. Bryan, Sullivan, Fla. \V. P. Bryan, Sullivan, Fla. \- !'. B yan, Sullivan, Fla. NV ). Bryan, Sullivan, Fla. T. 'V. Bryan, Si livan, Fla. I1'rne", Amo.s, Tallahassee, Fla. . oh i Johnson, Sullivan, Fla. .John Johnson, Sullivan, Fla.
J I
Fertilizer (Hanna No. 1) . 2164 . Fertilizer . 2165 . Fertilizer No 1B . 2166 . Fertilizer No. 2 A . 2167 . Fertilizer . . 2168 10.17 Fertilizer (Com. Sam. "Cotton 2169 .
B oll") .
Fertilizer (Com. Sam. "Com- 2170 .
plete Guano. ) .
Cotton Seed Meal . 2171. Cotton Seed Meal . 2172. Nitrate of Soda . 2173 . Fertilizer (Com. Sample 2174 .
"Meal Mixt.") .
Acid Phosphate (Com.Sample) 2175 .
Acid Phosi hate . 2176 . Fertilizer . . 2177 . Fertilizer . :17! 10 75 Acid Phospnate . 2179 . Fertilizer ("Meal Mixt.") . 2180 . Acid Phosphate ("R. & E."). 2181 . Acid Phosphate ("W. C. L."). 2182 . Fertilizer ("Blood Mixt.") . 2183 . Fertilizer ("Bone Comp. W. 2184 8.10
C. L.") .
Acid Phosphate ("J. G.") . 2185 . Fertilizer ("Cotton Boll") . . 2186 . Fertilizer ("Mobile Stand. 2187 .
J. G .") .
Potash Salt No. 1 . 2188 .
11.48 1.70 13.18 . ,6.(4 1.551 7.59 3.15 11.48 0.12 11.60 1.50 10.68 0.611 11.29 2.38
10.151 0.281 10.43 1.64 9.711 1.031 10.74 2.22.
1
9.48 0.80 9.73 4.25
7.95
. . . . 6 .10
18.02
9.05 0.93 9.98 2.55
(7.65 0.33 17.98 .
17.76 0.06 17.82.
9.58 2.24 11.82 2.31 12.1 0.65 12.75 2.65 15.81 1.021 16.83 . .
7.71 0.46 8.17 2.17 16.98 0.14 17.12 . 15.58 0.14 15.72 .
8.571 0.62 9.19 2.65 11.201 0.92 12.12 2.08
15.42 0.54 15.96 .
9.72 0.25 9.97 2.15 12.501 0.13 12.63 2.0
3.721
10.431 2.75 2.50 2.29 1.35
A. L. Wilson Co., Quincy, Fla. C. B. Dean, Lakeland, Fla. C. I-. Scott, Bascom, Fla. C'. Hi. Scoti, Bascom, FIa. K'. E Foster, Red Ro,'k, Fla. T1. & 1. 1. Owens, Quinty, Fla.
1.94 11. F. Dykes and J. L. Owens, Quincy, Fla.
W. T. Owens, Quincy, Fla.
.L. Heimburger, Tallahassee, Fla.
L. Heilnburger, Tallahassee, Fla.
1.47 V". C., J. L. & W. T. Oweris, H. F.
)ykes, Quinry, Fla.
P. Chappell, J. L. & L. N. Owens,
Quincy, Fla.
. . C. Owens, Quincy, Fla.
1.51 \V C. Owens, Quincy, Fla. 0.83 J. J. Cooley, Sullivan, Fla. . J. J. Cooley, Sullivan, Fla.
2.69 J. v. Rhoads, Holt, Fla. I. P. Rhoads, Holt, Fla. J. . P. Rhoads, Holt, Fla.
3.39 J. P. Rhoads, Holt, Fla. 2.70 .1. P. Rhoads, Holt, Fla.
. 1
3.18 1.77 50.80
J. Griffith, Holt, Fla. J. Griffith, Holt, Fla. J. Griffith, Holt, Fla.
J. E. Dubuission & Bro., Pensacola, Fla.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
.AME, OR BRAND.
BY WHOM SENT.
Potash Salt No. 2. 2189 8.70
Sulphate of Potash. 2190 . Fertilizer "A" . 2191 6. (,3 Fertilizer "B" . 2192 6.27 Cotton Seed Meal . 2193 . Fertilizer . 219411. 0 0 D ried Blood . . 2195 . Bone M eal . 2196 . Palmetto Ashes . 2197 . Cotton Seed Meal . 2198 . Cotton Seed Meal . 2199 . H. W . Ashes "A" . . 2200 . H. W . Ashes "B" . . 2201 . Fertilizer No. 1 . 2202 5.03 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2203 7.00 Fertilizer No. 4 . 2204 10.78 Cotton Seed Meal . 2205 .I Cotton Seed Meal . 2206 . F ish . 2207 .
. . 19.88
. . . . 88 7.00 0.191 7.19 4.59 12.10G 7.00 0.22 7.22 3.54 13.52 . . . 7 .49 . .01 0.84 8.85 2.05 5.90 . . . . 1 06 .25 . 8.25 15.491 23.741 3.03 .
. . 0.51
. .I . 1 7 .20 . . . . 7 .27 .
. . . . 2 .38S
. . . 4 .50 , 7.10 0.80 7.90 4.25 12.021 7.90 0.80 8.70 4.39 12.55 9.63 1.12 10.75 1.66 2.19
. . . 7 .40 .
. . 7 .19 . 4.34 1.81 6.15 10.04 .
J. E. Dubuission & Bro., Pensacola,
Fla.
John H. Blake, Tampa, Fla. John H. Blake, Tampa, Fla. John H. Blake. Tampa, Fla. A. L. Wilion Co, Quincy, Fla. M c(loy H. Ma tin, Sanford, Fla. A. N. lioofnagle, Ft. Pierce, Fla. k. N. HTtoofnagle, Ft. Pierce, Fla. L. B. Thompsn, Pensaeola, Fla. B. A. Pucket, Quincy. Fla.
1. H. Mosley, Quincy, Fla. The So,th. F'rtz Co., Orlando, Fla. e South. Feriz Co., Orlando, Fla. .Jcbn H. Ealae. Tampa, Fla. John H. Blake, Tampa. Fla. "lilton Cash Store. iTilton. Fla. K. W. Johnson. Lakewood, Fla. R. B. Campbell, Tampa. Fla. R. B. Campbell, Tampa. Fla.
Fertilizer No. 1 . Fertilizer No. 2 . Fertilizer No. 3 . Fertilizer No. 4 . Fertilizer No 5 . Fertilizer No: 6 . Nitrate of Soda . Fertilizer (L. & N. No. 8992). Fertilizer (L. & N. No. 91015) Fertilizer (L. & N. No. 95405) Cotton Seed Meal (D. & H. Co. 15700) . Cotton Seed Meal (S T.A&
S. F. No. 33959) . -. Cotton Seed Meal (A. C. L. 27631) . Cotton Seed Meal (Penn. No. 16503) . Cotton Seed Meal (M. K. & T. 10517) . Cotton Seed Meal (B. C. R. & N . 48007) . Cotton Seed Meal (Penn. No. 62392) . Cotton Seed Meal (S. T. L. &
S. F. No. 31211) . Cotton Seed Meal (A. C. L. No. 18466) . Cotton Seed Meal (70 sacks R. I. C. No. 60144) . Cotton Seed Meal (12 sacks R. I C. No. 60144) .
2208 4.46
2209 4.30 2210 2.50 2211 2.02 2212 7.56 2213 6.08 2214 . 2215 10.93 2216 10.41 2217 10.16 2218 . 2219 . 2220 . 2221 . 2222 . 2223 . 2224 . 2225 . 2226 . 2227 . 2228 .
4.931 6.12 11.05 6.86 5.29 12.15 6.59 5.21 11.80 7.85 2.95 10.80
7.161 0.17 7.3" 7.79, 3.61 11.40
10.99 0.75 11.74 12.41 0.27 12.68 9.52 0.43 9.95
. . .,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . i. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
4.65 4.25 2.65 4.12 2.32 2.59 17.00 2.81 1.73 2.91 7.90 8.30 7.50 8.20
7.72 7.47 7.17 7.80
7.25 7.48 4.75
6.91; R. B. Campbell, Tampa. Fla. 6.71 It. B. Campbell, Tampa. Fla. 12.191 It. 1l. Campbell, Tama. Fla. 13.09 It. 13. Campbell, Tampa. Fla. 4.71 It. B. Campbell, Tampa. Fla. 2.891 11. B. Campbell, Tamla. Fla. . L. leihnburger, Tallahassee, Fla. 3.30 lraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. 3.24 Kraus, AlcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. 5.89 I Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . . raus, 2,cFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. .Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, MleFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, AIcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, MeFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, AcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, AlcFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
. Kraus, icFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES. 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND., t C 6
0
Fertilizer . 2229 . 11 .42 1.27 12.7 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2230 . 11. 84 0.59j 12.4 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2231 . 4.2" 3.89 8.1 Fertilizer No. 3 . 2232 . S.09' 0.75 8.8 Fertilizer No. 4 . 2233 . 9.24 0.31 9.F Cotton Seed M eal . 2234 . . . . Fertilizer . 2235 . 2.38 10.
Basic Slag (A. C. L. o. 2236 . 5.511 8.63 14.1
31479) .
Fertilizer (C. R. I. & P. No. z237 15.- i 11051 0.85 11.9
569Vh ) .
Fertilizer (N. Y. C. & H. R. 2238 15.44 10.53, 1.17 11.7 98750) .
Peruvian Guano (P. & R. No. 2239 . 7.92 15.8
3187) . Cotton Seed Meal (I. C. 2240 . .
17929) .
Cotton Seed Meal (P. R. R. 2241 . 99856) . I
Cotton Seed Meal (G. S, & F. 2242 . . 2353) . .i I I
0
.4
0
4
0
0
1
6
2.40
1.99 3.26 2.69 7.98 4.49
2.60 2.27 6.78 7.27 7.50 7.55
BY WHOM SmNT.
2.47 J. J White, Graceville, Fla. 2.95: T. N. Darsey, Concord, Fla. 9.93 T1. N. Darsey, Concord, Fla. 6.17, T. N. Darsey, Concord, Fla. 5.89 T. N. Darsey, Concord, Fla. . N. Darsey, Concord, Fla.
4.18, L. Even, Cresceni Cit- Fla. . Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla.
2.81 '. Sumatra Tub. Co., Quincy, Fl.
3.57 Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla.
2.37 Am. Sunmatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla.
. Aim Sumatra Tub. Co., Quincy, Fla.
. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla.
. . Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla.
Cotton Seed Meal (Son. 2243 .
138082) .
Cotton Seed Meal (M. C. 2244 . 95810 . . Cotton Seed Meal (Cen. of 2245 .
Ca. 1682) .
Cotton Seed Meal (A. G. S. 2246 . 12391 ) . Cotton Seed Meal (G. F & A. 2247 . 592) . Cotton Seed Meal (I. C. 2248 . 21756) . Cotton Seed Meal (C. H. & D. 2249 . Ry. 46572) . Cotton Seed Meal (N. & W. 2250 . 22010) . Cotton Seed Meal (Wabash 2251 . 62803) . Cotton Seed Meal (N. Y., N. 2252 . i H. & H. No 77734) . Cotton Seed Meal (Erie 2253 . 73482) . Cotton Seed Meal (Penn. 2254 . 581624) . I
Fertilizer (N. Y., N. H. & H. 2255 132. 82476) . Fertilizer (M. & 0. 8407) . 2256 1A.-I Fertilizer (Penn. 12049) . 2257 11.S7 Cotton Seed Meal . 2258 . Fertilizer . . 2259 . I Cotton Seed Meal . 22601. Fertilizer . 2261 6. C;4
. . 7.38 .
I I 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . !. . . . . . 7 .6 5 . . . . . . .!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . I. . . 7 . 58 . . . . . . i
. . . . 7.58 .
. . . . . . .7 . 4
. 7.38.
. . . . . . .
I [
10.01 0.84 10.85 2.82'1 4.32
l0. 1.21 11.89 .45' 2.20
9. 990 0.96 10.95 2.8SC' 5.29 . . . . . I. . . . . . I. . . . . 7 .8 9! 1 . . . . .
12.831 0.84 13.67 2.40! 3.01 . I . . . 8 2 .0 . 4 I 10.58[ 4.20 91.89 2.45 112'
Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Air. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Ain. Sumatra Tob, Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Smnatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Am. Sumatra Tob. Co., Quincy, Fla. Ide & Burr, Quincy, Fla. G. S. Gregory, Quincy, Fla. G. S. Gregory, Quincy, Fla. J. F. Lemons, Galloway, Fla.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 191,0-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
z.
Fertilizer . 2262 12.00 Acid Phosphate . 2263. Fertilizer . 2264 10.99 Fertilizer . . 2265 8.01 Fertilizer . 2266 9.75 F ish . 2267 . "Ashes" No. 204 (?) . 2268 . Fertilizer No. 205 . 2269 9.43 Fertilizer . 2270 . Fertilizer . 2271 . Cotton Seed Meal . 2272 . Fertilizer N ). 1 . 2273 12.46 Fertilizer No.2 (L. & N.91015) 2274 8.92 Fertilizc . 2275 . Fertilizer . . 2276 4.90 Muriate of Potash . 2277 . Fertilizer No. 1 . 2278 10.40 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2279 10.39 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2280 10.45 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2281 8.82 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2282 .
C)
.0
9.19 1S.55
12.01 12.02 7.21 4.72
6.49 10.94 6.13
10.73 12.04 14.68 6.97
9.04 8.63 9.94 9.51 15.50
cc
.0
E-4
0.651 9.84 4.68 23.23 0.39 12.40 0.88 12.90 0.52 7.73 16.95 21.67
0.37 6.86 0.57 11.51 2.19 8.32
0.41 11.14 0.26 12.30 0.07 14.75 0.96 7.93
0.81 9.85 0.90 9.53 0.52 9.93 1.16 10.67 1.02 16.52
C
1.23 3.71 2.30
5.08
2.49 2.50 4.50 7.61 2.97 1.61 2.69 4.46
1.93 2.23 4.65 2.83 1.13
2.33
1.431 2.00!
3.05
19.90
7.14 2.07 7.17
3.35
2.95 1.20 12.25 51.36 2.38 2.29 4.27 6.03 0.83
BY WHOM SENT.
D. S. Franklin, Cobb, Fla. D. S. Franklin, Cobb., Fla. E. SI. Pitts, Red Rock, Fla. G. C. Johnson, Cobb, Fla. W. W. Boyett, Otahite, Fla. W. H. Hansen, Jensen, Fla. The South. Fertz. Co., Orlando, Fla. The South. Fertz. Co., Orlando, Fla. H. L. Green, Bascom, Fla N. A. Carlson, Hollandale, Fla. L. Heimburger, Tallahassee, Fla. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. A. F. Moore, Hester, Fla. J. H. Blake, Tampa, Fla. A. E. Taylor, Wilnarth, Fla. J. W. Kelley, Otahite, Fla. J. W. Kelley, Otahite, Fla. J. R. Miller, Cobb, Fla. j. R. Miller, Cobb, Fla. A. D. Campbell, Chipley, Fla.
Fertilizer . 2283. TCotton Seed Meal .2284. Cotton Seed Meal No. 3 .2285. E, M~uriate of Potash No. 1 .2286. Acid Phosphate No. 2 . 22S7. Fertilizer . 2288. Fertilizer . 2289 12.64 Fertilizer . 2290 8.34 Fertilizer.2291. Fertilizer. 2292 11.02 Fertilizer.2293 . Fertilizer.:. 2-94. Fertilizer "W. N. B. No. 1". . 2295. Fertilizer . 2296 8. S8 Fertilizer . 2297 10.47 Fertilizer . z298 4. F$7 Fertilizer . 2299 10.S Fertilizer . 2300 5.53 Fertilizer . 2301 13.97 Fertilizer (Home Mixt.).2302.
Guano No0. 1.Z2603 Guano No. 2 . 2304 Fertilizer . 2305 Fertilizer . 2306 Fertilizer. 2307
40 3 19.57
15.44 4.57
2.80 9.53 12.33
16.16
10.02 11.76
10.14 3.56 9.93 11.75 7.01 8.55 13.87
2.11 8.53 10.13 7.29 9.82 8.06 3.35 8.32 7.37
9.49 2.02
1.59
0.54 1.54 2.61 10.72
2.61 0.17 1.01
2.42 2.58
0.82 1.00 0.91 0.31 0.17 0.09 5.90
0.12 0.44 0.54 6.99
17.75 10.56 13.30 12.75
14.28 12.54 11.92 8. 0? 10.97
16.45 2.93 9.53
11.04 7.60 9.99 8.15 9.25
8.44 7.81 10.03 9.01
2.33 14.76
7.65 7.50
4.99 2.44 1.80 3.62 1.91 2.83 3.79 2.23
3.02 9.50 5.53
4.10 4.78 2.82
1.94 2.11 3.13
3.49 3.58 3.99
49.45
4.67 2.10 1.38 6.09 2.17 1.71 6.71!
1.94 2.46 0.99, 13. 16 i 2.38 9.48 1.65 9.86 1.68
0.12 10.22 1.45 10.51
Frank Bartheta, Gotha, Fla. Jake Br own, Ocala, Fla D. D. Martin, Otahite, Fla. D. D. Martin, Otahite, Fin. D. D. Martin, Otahite, Fla. AT. C. Herndon, Bristol, Fla. J. S. Keith, Black, Ala. 11. A. Jones, Milton, Fla. J. W. Walston, Bowling Green, Fla. W. B. H. Adams, Milton, Fln. Goo. W. Moore, Sr., Hester, Fla. 1t. H. Tanner, Plant City, Fla. A. L. Wilson Co., Quincy, Fla. C. C. Johnson, Hester, Fla. J. G. Mlay, Ft. Pierce, Mla. H. A. Ward, Winter Park, Fla. W. P. Johnson, Cobb, Fla. K. M4. Stokes, Evans, Fla. George W. Moore, Hester, Fla. H. A. Jones, Milton, Fia. WI. H. Alexander, Marco, Fla. WM. R. Alexander, Marco, Fla. A. S. Nelson, Dunedin, Fia. J. S. Howell, Chumuckla, Fla. V. I. Carrier, Crescent City, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION.
R. E. Rs, u. State Chemist. SPECIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910. E. PEcK GREENE, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 9, Act Approved May 24th, 1905.
NAME, OR BRAND.
S C
~ C) d.c
0'
'or cgz
Bran . 131 9.70 15.80 54.61 Velvet Beans . 132 7.38 19.04 55.07' Perfection Feed . 133 10.05 12.64 61.581 Corn "3-D." Grains . 134 10.95 31.59 39.11!: Schumacher Special Horse Feed . 135 8.60 9.65 64.701 Economy Feed . 136 10.83 10.31 62.24 W heat Middlings . 137 7.14 18.21 51.! 0
BY WHOM SENT.
3.45 6.671I. Wolff, Pensacola, Fla.
3.23 3.391C. A. Williams, Alachua, Fla.
3.64 2.37 R. F. Howard, Tallahassee, Fla. r.9, 1.95 .Tohn C. Evans, Gainesville, Fla.
3.27! 2.7511%illiam F. Jack, Tampa, Fla.
3.29 1.97111. F. Howard, Tallahassee, Fla.
5.951 5.30IC. E. Pleas, Chipley, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION.
R. E. Rosa, State Chemist OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910. E. PECK GREENE, Asst. Chemist. Samples Taken by State Chemist and State Inspector Undr(,; Soe, iors 1. 2 and 13, Act Approved May 24th, 1905.
ADDRESS OF
NAME, OR BRAND. ADDRESS OF
o MANUFACTURERS.
Boss Chop Feed .4; (lua'ant'd Analysis 11.00 Oflcial Analysis. 8.15
Corno Horse and Mule Feed 949 C'arant'd Analysis 12.00 OffiiialAnalysis.i 12.50
Pure Wheat Bran .950 Guarant'd Alysi 10.00
Offici, An lys- . . [ 7.79
Barley Mixed Oats . 9511Guarantl'd Analysis' 11.00 Offiial Analysis. 9.70
Boss Chop Feed . 952Guarant'd Analysis 11.00 Official Analysis. 13.22
Blood Meal . 953 Guarani'd Analysis 1.50 S Official Analysis. 2.60
.50i 00. '0 3.50 . The Great Western Cereal Co., S 6 4.75 4.65 3.53 Chicago, Ill.
10.00 58.50 3.50 . The Corno Mills Co. St. Louis,
1.0.09 56.84 3.77 3.85 Mo.
14.001 53.50 4.25 . Nelson Grain Co., Kansas City,
1 .06 50.C51 4.03! 6.47 Mo.
9.001 40.00 3.00 . L. F. Miller & Sons, Philadel S.781 61.471 3.601 4.301 phia, Pa.
8.50 60.00 3.50.The Great Western Cereal Co.
8.561 60.821 4.00 3.72 Chicago, Ill.
80. 00 . . . The Armour Fertilizer Works, 83.20 1.70 . 2.871 Jacksonville, Fla.
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
NAME OR BRAND. . ADDRESS OF
.0 . M 4C MANUFACTURERS.
44 r1 2 r.,
"Purity" Bran . 954 Guarant'd Analysis.1.40 54.00 4.00. Cairo Milling Co., Cairo, Ill.
Official Analysis. 7.63 15.94 54.29 4.73 5.82 Poultry Feed . 955 Guarant'd Analysis 4.00 I1.00] 65.00 3.60 . Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, OfficialA nalysis. 4.49 1 .1 i 66.29 3.9b 1. 64 1 ,.
Cotton Seed Meal . 956 Guarant'd Analysis . 38.62 . . Georgia Cotton Oil Co., Macon Official Analysis. 10.76 37.82 30.00 7.97 5.80 Ga.
Corno Horse and Mule Feed 957 Guarant'd Analysis 12.,00 l .00 58.50 3.50 . The Corno Mills Co., St. Louis, Official Analysis. 12.08 10.57 57.36 4.30 4.04 Mo.
Choice Bran . 958 Guarant'd Analysis 9.50 11.95 53.29 5.35 . Hecker - Jones - Jewell Milling Official Analysis. 9.43 15.93 52.431 4.58 5.85 Co., New York, N. Y.
Pure Wheat Bran and 959 Guarant'd Analysis 7.65 11.75 54.50 4.50, 4.75 Barrett, Denton & Lynn Co.,
Shorts . Official Analysis. 7.76 11.47 52.34 4.47 5.49 Dalton, Ga.
Corno Ox Feed . 960 Guarant'd Analysis 14.00 10.00 58.001 3. 51),, . .The Corno Mills Co., St. Louis, Official Analysis. 16.47 S.7S 56.54 3.551 3.881 Mo.
Pure Wheat Bran . 961 Guarant'd Analysis 9.50 14.50 50.001 4.00i .Alabama Corn Mills Co., MoOfficial Analysis. 9.16 15.40 52.651 4.64 6.201 bile, Ala.
Sea Island Cotton Seed
M eal . Cotton Seed Meal . Choice Bran . Wheat Shorts . H. Middlings . Hammond Dairy Feed . M ill Feed . Boss Chop Feed . Ballard's Shipstuff . Dried Molasses Beet Pulp. Pure Wheat Middlings .
962 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis. 18.65
963 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis. 10.95
964 Guarant'd Analysis 9.50
Official Analysis. 8.69
965 Guarant'd Analysis 7.50:
Official Analysis. 5.07
966 Guarant'd Analysis 8.05
Official Analysis. 8.82
907 Guarant'd Analysis 11.00
Official Analysis. 12.13
968 Guarant'd Analysis 4.43
Official Analysis. 8.50
969 Guarant'd Analysis 11.00
Official Analysis. 10.001
i
970 Guarant'd Analysis 5.83!
Official Analysis. 5.051
971 Guarant'd Analysis 20.00
Official Analysis. 19.37!
972 Guarant'd Analysis 6.00!
SOfficial Analysis. 5.58!
24.20 . . . Sea Island Cotton Oil Co., 22.29 40.79 4.55 1.621 Charleston, S. C.
I I 1 1
3 0 . . . The Southern Cotton Oil Co.,
2 9.20 27.41 9.04 5.00 Savannah, Ga.
14.95' 53.25 5.35 . Checker - Jones - Jewell Milling 15.71' 53.87 4.01 5.98 Co., New York, N. Y.
13.75: C2.00 4.351 . Dahnke-Walker Milling Co.,
1.4.5 61.02 4 3.35 Union City, Tenn.
17.381 52.92 6.05 . IHecker - Jones - Jewell Milling 18.01! 51.59 5.c 2 5.021 Co., New York, N. Y.
17. 00' 0.00 3. 00 . Western Grain Products Co., 17.2,7 48.12 4.50 G.341 Hammond, Ind.
12.38 (5.29 4.2 . Riverside Milling and Power 12.90 59.08 3.45 5.1001 Co., Cartersville, Ga.
8.00 50.00) 3.50! . IThe Great Western Cereal Co.,
8.211 (1.04 4.56 .77, Chicago, Ill.
17.37 460.58 4.41 . Ballard & Ballard Co., Louis1C.22 59.03 2.70 4.10 ville, Ky.
8.00 00.00 0.50. IThe Larrowe Milling Co., De9.07 58.08 0.30 2.09 troit, Mlich.
10.04! 62.48 4.171. The Dunlop Milling Co., 16.09! 63.98 4.301 4.151 Clarksville, Tenn.
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910NAME, OR BRAND. "
Choice Bran. 973Guuarant'd Analysis 9.50 14.95 53.25 5.3 Ofti ial Analyis. 10.32 16.56 50.52 4.7 Excelsior Chop Feed . 974 :-arant'd Analysis 11.00 8.00' 60.00 3.5 OfIcialAnalysis. 10.72 8.12 60.93 3.0 Tinoroughbred Feed . 975 Cuarant'dAnalys is 6.56 15.05 59.98 3.3 Official Analysis. 6.13 1;.54 57.73 3.3 Durhara B rand Cotton 970 Guaiant'd Analysis . 25.75.
Seed Meal . Official Analysis. 17.56 25.71 36.85 5.5 Purina Feed . 977!Guarant'd Analysisi 8.90 12.50 58.00 4.0 Official Analysis. 9.75 11.41 58.88 4.1 Bran and Shorts . 978!Guarant'd Analysis 8.00 14.50 58.62 4.0 POfficial Analysis. 6.13 10.72 57.58 4.1 Pure Winter Wheat Mid- 979 Guarant'd Analysis 4.20 1(;.00 56.00 4.2 dlings . . OfficialAnalysis. 5.05 160.67 58.47 4.8 Daisy Dairy Feed . i 980 Guarant'dAnalysi, 12.00 15.00 50.00 3.0 :OfficialAnalysis. . 12.801 15.57 49.621 2.5
-Continued.
ADDRESS OF MANUFACTURERS.
.<
. IHecker - Jones -Jewell Milling
5.89 Co., New York, N. Y.
. The Great Western Cereal Co.,
3.10 Chicago, Ill
. Lexington Roller Mills Co.,
5.45 Lexington, Ky.
. Florida Cotton Oil Co., Jackson4.55 ville, Fla.
. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis,
3.30 Mo.
. Atlanta Milling Co., Atlanta,
4.80 Ga.
.Edwardsville Milling Co., Ed4.09 wardsville, Ill.
. The Great Western Cereal Co.,
6.92 Chicago, Ill.
Middlings . 981 Guarant'd Analysis 3.85 Official Analysis. 4.90
Pure Wheat Shorts . 982 Guarant'd Analysis 6.42 Official Analysis . 4.46
Wheat Middlings . 983 Guarant'd Analysis 2.65 Official Analysis . 1.65
Pure Wheat Bran . 984 Guarant'd Analysis 11.04 Official Analysis. 11.08
Globe Gluten Feed . 985 Guarant'd Analysis .
Official Analysis. 8.71
Protena Dairy Feed . 986 Guarant'd Analysis 16.00 Official Analysis. . 16.15
Wheat Bran . 987 Guarant'd Analysis 8.45 Official Analysis. 7.93
Dark Cotton Seed Meal . 988 Guarant'd Analysis .
lOfficial Analysis. 16.98
16.12 57.38 6.05 . 16.67 59.27 4.05 4.01
16.00 48.,00 4.00 .
19.92 55.98 3.57 3.88
15.27 64.1 3.38 . 14.92 68.25 2.25 2.12
14.97 52.03 3.50 6.72 14.92 53.10 3.24 6.96
24.00 51.00 2.50 . 25.52 52.23 2.41 1.99
20.00 48.00 3.50 . 19.04 45.11 4.63 5.32
14.50 54.16 3.75 . 17.11 54.47 3.35 6.20
23 .17 . . . 23.34 3S.08 6.52 5.56
Charleston Milling Co., Charleston, Mo.
Alabama Corn Mills Co., Mobile, Ala.
Cairo Milling Co., Cairo, Ill.
Millstadt Milling Co., Millstadt, Ill.
Corn Products Refining Co.,
New York.
Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, C
Mo.
Texas Star Flour Mills, Galveston, Texas.
The Southern Cotton Oil Co.,
Charleston, S. C.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FOOD AND DRUG SECTION.
I'. E. ROSE, State Chemist SPECIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910. A. M. HENRY, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 10, Act Approved June 7, 1909.
ALCOHoLIC DRINKS.
o�
2 NAME, OR BRAND. MANUFACTURER.
0z
316White Top . The Capitol Brewing and Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
'171Dukehart's Malt Tonic . Dukehart Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, id.
a18Cider. .
320!B eer . . . .
8211White Top . The Capitol Brewing and Ice Co. -Montgomery, Ala.
3221White Top . The Capitol Brewing and Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
323IB eer . . . .
3241White Top . The Capitol Brewing and Ice Co., Montgomery, Ala.
FROM
4.87!C. F. Prevatt, Kissimmee, Sheriff of 0 Osceola County.
. .W E. Dennard, Lake City, Sheriff of
Columbia County.
5.87 E D. Webster, DeFuniak Springs, Deputy Sheriff of Walton County.
2.77 R. T. Butler, Kissimmee.
5.02 R. T. Butler, Kissimmee.
3.03 C. F. Prevatt, Kissimmee, Sheriff of Osceola County.
2.33 C. F. Prevatt, Kissimmee, Sheriff of Osceola County.
4.86 C F. Prevatt, Kissimmee, Sheriff of Osceola County.
326 Tempero, less than 2 per cent. Standard Brewing Co., New
I Alcohol. Orleans, La.
3271C ider . . . .
328 WhIte Top, less than 2 per cent. The Capitol Brewing and Ice
Alcohol. Co., Montgomery, Ala.
329 Georgia Hom e Beer . . . .
330 Florida Bud, less than 2 per cent. The Florila Brewing Co.,
Alcohol. Tampa, Fla.
0.95 R. T. Butler, Kissimmee. 5.09 Lee Hux, Eustis, Marshal.
3.03 W. S. Preston, Bartow, County Judge
of Polk County.
3.42 M. H. Waters, Gainesville.
2.02 V. S. Preston, Bartow, County Judge
of Polk County.
SPECIAL FOOD ANALYSES, 1910.
MISCELLANEOUS.
RLSITLTS OF E XAMINATTON.
311 Sweet Potato Flour . Water (per cent.).
Crude Fiber (per tent.). Ash (per cent.). Protein (per cent.). Fat (per cent.). Starch (per cent.). Undetermined (i er cent.).
312 Cassava Flonir . 314 Milk. .
Water (per cent.). Crude Fiber (per cent.). A~sh (per cent.). Proteini (per cent.). Fat (per cent.). St arch (per cent.). Undetermined (per cent.) .
Total I'l.ds (per cent.) . Fat .nei cent.). . Solids Not Fat (per cent.) .
FROM.
8.231A. F. Spawn, Fernandina.
1.921 1.99 1.75 0.57 58.20
27.34
8.50 A. F. Spawn, Fernandina.
1.60 1.30 1.63.
0.461 69.331 17.1V8
4.8S5 if. Wx. Smith, Punta. Gor da.
3.85,
No.1
NAME, OR BRAND.
219 Detroit Special Table Salt . Water (per cent.) . 10. 11 (. AT. Puddy & Co., Palatka.
Chlorids, as Sodium Chlorid 97.32 (per cent.) I
Bicarbonates, as Sodium Bi- 2.69j carbonate (per cent.)
325 Milk . Fat (per cent.) . 2.6() Dr. J. E. Pennington, W ellborn.
331ISugar .Ash kper cent.) .0.0055 13. T. Boodleson, Laurel Hill.
I Fuller's Earth . Ab _ent.j
|