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- Permanent Link:
- http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00077083/00015
Material Information
- Title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin of the Agricultural Department
- Uniform Title:
- Avocado and mango propagation and culture
Tomato growing in Florida Dasheen its uses and culture Report of the Chemical Division
- Alternate title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin, Department of Agriculture
- Alternate title:
- Florida quarterly bulletin of the Department of Agriculture
- Creator:
- Florida -- Dept. of Agriculture
- Place of Publication:
- Tallahassee Fla
- Publisher:
- s.n.
- Publication Date:
- -1921
- Frequency:
- Quarterly
Monthly[ FORMER 1901- Sept. 1905] regular
- Language:
- English
- Physical Description:
- v. : ill. (some fold) ; 23 cm.
Subjects
- Subjects / Keywords:
- Agriculture -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
Agricultural industries -- Statistics -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
- Genre:
- serial ( sobekcm )
periodical ( marcgt )
Notes
- Dates or Sequential Designation:
- -v. 31, no. 3 (July 1, 1921).
- General Note:
- Description based on: Vol. 19, no. 2 (Apr. 1, 1909); title from cover.
- General Note:
- Many issue number 1's are the Report of the Chemical Division.
- General Note:
- Vol. 31, no. 3 has supplements with distinctive titles : Avocado and mango propagation and culture, Tomato growing in Florida, and: The Dasheen; its uses and culture.
Record Information
- Source Institution:
- University of Florida
- Holding Location:
- University of Florida
- Rights Management:
- This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide.
- Resource Identifier:
- 28473206 ( OCLC )
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NUMBEIt -2
VOLUME 20
FLORIDA
QUARTERLY
BULLETIN
OF THE
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
APRIL 1, 1910
B. E. MCLIN
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE TALLAHASSEE, FLA.
Part I--Crops. Part 2--Classification of Soils.
Part 3--Fertilizers, Feed Stuffs and Foods and Drugs.1 Part 4--The Citrus Grove, Its:location and Cultivation. Entered January 81, 1903, at Tallahassee Florida, as second-class matter
under Act of Congress of June, 1900.
THES[ BULLETINS ARE ISSUED FREE TO THOSE REQUESTING THEM
T. J. APPEYA RD. State Printer
Talle hass,0, Fla.
II
COUNTY MAP OF STATE OF FLORIDA
PART 11.
CROP CONDITIONS.
DIVISION O[ TtE STATE BY COUNTIES.
Following are the divisions of the State, and the counties contained in each:
Northern Division.
Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lafayette,
Leon,
Liberty, Madison,
Suwannee,
Tavlor,
Wakulla.-11
Western Division.
Calhoun,
Escambia,
Holmes, Jackson,
Santa Rosa,
Walton,
Washington.-7.
Northeastern Division.
Alachua,
Baker,
Bradford,
Clay,
Columbia,
Duval,
Nassau, Putnam,
St. Johns.-9.
Central Division.
Citrus,
Hernando,
Lake, Levy,
Marion, Orange,
Pasco,
Sumter,
Volusia.-9.
Southern Division.
Brevard,
Dade, DeSoto, Hillsborough, Lee,
Manatee, Monroe, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk, St. Lucie.-11.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
B. E. McLIN, Commissioner. H. S. ELLIOT, Chief Clerk.
CONDENSED NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS.
BYv DivisioNs.
NORTHERN DIVISION.-The planting of up)land cotton began in a few localities about March 24th, but the bulk of the planting will not be done before about 4th to the 15th or probably the 201h of April, owing to the dry weather, which is keeping such operations back; much of the crop will be delayed in planting till in May, for the reason above slated. While it is to be expected that nany farmers will increase their acreage owing to the high price obtained for the last crop, it is to be hoped that they will not overdo it, as a greatly increased acreage throughout the cotton belt would result in such a large crop that prices would be forced down to an unpirofitable limit. The corn crop just planted is also considerably increased over last year, which is undoubtedly a wise move on the part of farmers, as too much corn or other forage crops cannot be produced, for with a surplus of such crops a demand lor live stock is created, and the more live slock raised and properly cared for on the farms, and the manure 1lilized, the better and inore productive will be the lands and, consequently, greater prosperity will l)e enjoyed by the farmers. There is also a considerable increase shown in the acreage planted to most field crops, bnt the weather has not been so favorable for general farming operations as last year, the rainfall to date being very short of the normal. The fruit crops adapted to this section are doing well, and the prospect is for a fair yield.
With the exception of Gadsden County, tobacco growing on any scale has been practically suspended, till the market for the product improves.
WESTERN )IvIsioN.-The planting of crops began somewhat earlier in this district also than last year, but owing, also, to backward weather conditions crops have not advanced as they should, nor has planting progressed as rapidly as desired. This section has had slightly more rainfall than the Northern, but not enough to supply the crops abundantly. In this section, as in the preceding one, the acreage to cotton is being quite largely increased. There is also a notable increase in all the principal farm crops, and in spite of the shortness of labor. The increased use of improvved farm implements has very much reduced tie necessity for as many farm hands as formerly and it has also had the effect of producing better crops wiih less labor, because of the better cultivation made possible with more modern implemenls. The fruit crops of this section are doing well and promise good returns. There is greater need of rain just now than anything else to make the first plantings grow off well and to put the soil in better condition for fmrther and late plantings. It is noted that in hoth or [lhe foregoing districts tle use or Cominercial Fertilizers in general crop production has very largely incIeased, and it is probably within reasonable bounds to say that the quantity of these manures consumed on these cops is more than double that of any previous year.
N tORTIEASTERN ])IVISION.-ln this district there is also an increase in the acreage of ,all crops, and especially in long-stal)le cotton. Planting in this district is somewhat earlier than the foregoing district, and the climatic conditions being more favorable, and tei soils in good shape for planting, the crops are more advanced proportionalely. Some of the tender vegetable crops were retarded in growth in the early part of the searlon, but latterly have been making a fine growth and are doing well. In this district the small fruits and other fruit crops have been planted to increased acreages, and are also reported to be in an umusually promising condition. The use of Commercial Fertilizers is practically universal with all standard crop and truck and fruit growers in this section, and the quantity consumed increases
each year, as the intensive system of cultivation grows in favor with farmers and truckers.
CENTRAL DIVISION.-In this district our reports indicate a continuance of the increase in acreage planted to crops of all kinds so noticeable in other sections. The growing conditions appear to be favorable and crops are doing well, the loss by the frosts of early winter in a few localities, of a portion of the fruit crop, was comparatively light. Slight damage was also reported in scattered localities to tender vegetables, but these are now reported to have been replaced and all are doing well. The fruit crops are promising, and all crops now coming on ai'e making a remarkably fine showing.
SuU"iEIRN DIViSION.-The same improved conditions are readi' v noted in this dislfiet as in the previous ones, in 1he increased acreage and thrifty condition of crops of all kinds and also fruits. Most of the standard crops are gro-iwn here to some extent, except cotton, but which it is quite probable would succeed well on some lands. There is hardly a doubt that Sea Island cotton could be grown profitably in this section with proper management; it thrives well on similar soils and similar climate in the Island of Jamaica and other portions of the West Indies. Both the citrs fruits and vegetable crops are in fine condition and are, of course, much ahead of the more northerly districts in maturity of crops. Seasons appear to have been move favorable than further north.
NOTE.
We desire to direct special attention to the article on anoilier page entitled "The Citrus Grove: Its Location and Cultivation," by Prof. P. TI. Ro!fe, Director of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, at Gainesville, prepared specially by him for the Quarterly Bulletin. A careful reading wil prove it to be the most cor-
I ()
plele and logical production ever published on the subjecl ; in fact, no article has ever been given to the public covering the subject as liis does, within our knowledge. It is plain, direct in statement an( so easily understood thal persons of ordinary intelligence will have no di ficul I in following its directions. Professor ilRollfs deserves and will receive the Ihanks of lhousan(s of people who have long been wishing for just th-e information this article contains.
11
Report of Acreage and Condition Per Cent
of Crops Planted for Quarter Ending March 31, 1910,
as Compared With the Previous Year.
COUNTIES. UIPLA)ND SEA I LANI) OIt.
COTTO N o i l'N
Non'iiE iRN DiVisION. Acr age. Acreag. Ar. age.
Gadsden . 120 100
Hamilton . 100 110
Jeffer-on . so so 90
Lafayette . . 105 105
Leon . 115 . 115
Liberty . . 100 . 100
Madison . 120 So 100
Suwannee . . 95 112
AWakulla . . L 125 125 100
DIiv. Average per cent. " 110 -9I 8 I 106
IVESTEI -N D i uI I o N .
Calhoun .I 75
Eseam bia . 10() .5
.Jack1son . I 100 100
Santa Rosa . 105 -" . 110
W alton . 120 I 125
Washington . 125 100 I 150
Div. Average per cent. -106 108 ] 1f27
Nolnii EA STER DIvCsiO.Alachua . . 150-100Bradford . . 102 108
Clay . . 111 ) 110
Colunibia . . 105 1 t0
D uval . I . 1 0
Putnam . I 100 00 105
Div. Average per cent. 100 11t 107
(CLN' in \L DiV i~ili).
Iernando . . . 30)
Lake . . . Levy . . . 90 10
Marion . . . 100 95
O range . . . 12)
P asoo . . I on
Sumte. . . 90 I 1 O,
Volusia . . . 100
Div. Average per cent._ . 93 102
Sn iiixDix 1510',.
B, eia, (l . . "00
D ade .I
Hill borough . . . L e . 15. 1 ).
M anatee . 10. 100
M onroe . .
Osceola . . 11 -)
Polk. . . . . 90
SI. 'I cie . . . .
Div. Average per cent. . . 108
SI te Average per cent. . 105 1 110
12
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES.
OATS SIUGAR CANE PEANUTS
NORTHERN DIVISION. Acreage. Acreage. Acreage.
Gadsden . 85 125 125
Hamilton . 80 50 110
Jefferson . 60 60 90
Lafayette . . .95 45 110
Leon . . .115 100 100
Liberty . . . 90 100 100
Madison . . .100 90 25
Suwannee . 105 90 100
Wakulla . 7o 80 110
Div. Average per cent.7 89 a2 j 97
XVjisr LrRN DIVIsIoN.
Calhoun . . . . 11 12 ) Escambia .I 110 1"'0 100
Jackson . . . 100 1"0 100
Santa Rosa . 100 100 100
Walton . 100 100
Washington . .100 1nf0 1 100
Div. Average per cent.! 102 104 10-----i 5
N'uT I EASTIRN 111\ ISlON.
A77;I Ua .1907 07
Bradford . 90 100 129
Clay . 100 110
Columubia . .10 100 100
Duval . 100 10 0
Putnam . 100 100
Div. Average per cent .T 98 1 106-CE N I ate, DIVisIoN.
Hernando . .100 100 125
Lake . 100 100 i 100
Levy . 70 1()0 100
Marion . 105 100 100
Orange . 100 .
Pa co . so 100 100
Sumter . . 100 100 100
Volusia . 60 100 100
Div. Average per cent. 89 lo0 7 104
Sot 'II IEIINIt IV Dtsou).
Brevard . . 595 ICUD ade . .
Hillsborough . .100 125 100
Lee . 100 125 100
Manatee . 100 100 100
Monroe . . . 100 .
Osceola . lou 100
Polk . 90 100 100
St. Lucie . . . 100
Div. Average per cent. 98 105 100
State Average per cent. 95 99 102
13
ltEPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. NORTHERN DivIsioN.
TOBACCO (Opn Field) Acreage.
'To I A ('Co (Under Shade)
Acrage.
RYE Acroage.
Gadsden . . 80 100 .
H am ilton . . . . .
Jefferson . . 75
Lafayette . . . 100
Leon . 75 12 100
Liberty . . .0 100
Div. verag per ent.
Madison . . 50 100
Suwannee . . 70 75
J akulla . Div. Average per cn. 7858 i 90WVE STER .\ DIVISION.en7
Calhoun . 100
E s am bia . 10 1 0o0
Jackson . . .
Santa Rosa . .
W alton . . . . 100
Washington . . 100 100
Div. Average per cent. .[j 100 100 I 100
NoI,TII EASTERN DIVISION.
Alacn a . . Bradford . C lay .
Column bia . . . .
D uval . . Putnam . . . . .
Div. Average per cent. . (CI:NIRXLI DIVISION.
Hernando . . . 25 .
Lake . . . .
Levv . . .
M arion . . . . 90
Orange . Pasco . . . 25 90
Sum ter . . . . .
Volusia .I . .
Div. Average per cent . . 25 90
SOUTHERN DIVISION.
BIevard . . Dade . . H illsborough .I . .
L ee . . M anatee . . . .
M onroe . . . .
Osceola . . Polk . . 100
St. Lucie . . .
Div. Average per cent. .-. . 100
Ftate Average per cent. 89 I 61 95-
14
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
SWEET FIELD
COUNTIES. RICE POTATOES PEAS
NOR'JLERN DIVISION. Acreage. Acreage. Acreage.
Gadsden . .
Hamilton 0. 10 90
Jefferson . '75 90 80
Lafayette . . 100 80
Leon . . 100 110 115
Liberty . . 100 .
M adi on . . 100
Suwannee . . 105 150 100
W akulla .J . 110 110
Div. Average per cent. 92 107 { 96
WESTERN DIVISION.
Cal oun . 1 00100 100 j uu
Escambia . 100 151 150
Jackson . . . . s0 85
Santa Rosa . . 110 110
\W alton . . . l1)0 i 100
Washington . .100 100 i 100
Div. Average per cent. 100 90 91
NORTHEIIASTERN DIVISION.
Alachua . - 100 12o
Bradford . 100 110 100
Clay . . 100 100
Columbia . . 100 100
Duval . . . . 110 110
Putnam . . . . 100 100
Div. Average per cent. 100 i 103 10--'
CENIRAL DiVISION.
Heradndo . 100 125 100
Lake . . 100 100
Levy . . . 100 100
Marion . '.90 100 100
Orange . . 100 100 100
Pasco . 100 100 100
Sumter . 100 100
Volusia . . . 100 100
Div. Average per cent 97 i 103 100
SOLU)i ElN DIVISIoN.
Brevard . } . 100 100
D ade . I . 100
Hillsborough . 100 125 110
Lee .I 100 150 125
Manatee . .00 100 120
Monroe . . 100 .
Osceola . . ." 100 100
Polk . I " ". 100 100
St. Lucie . . 100
Div. Average per cent. 100 109
State Average rer cent.] 98 102 100
15
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES.
NORTMnERN DIVISION.
]CASAVA VELVET
BEANS
CASSAVA FAeTe
Acreage. Acreage.
GacOs en . .
H am ilton . . "90
Jefferson . . . 60
Lafayette . . . 105
L eon . . . 110
L iberty . . 95
M adison . .
Suwannee . . 112
%Vakulla . . . 110
Div. Average per cent .I WETERN DIVISION.
Calhoun . ". 100 100
Es anm bia . 100 150
Jackson . . 1,00
Santa Rosa . . � 110
W l ton . . I 110
W ashington . 125 150
Div. Average per cent . 1 120
NOi inc sEIaNa DIvIsIoN.
A lachua . . 125
B radford . . 120
Clay . . 100
Colum bia . . . 100
D uval . .
Putnam . j 105
Div. Average per cent . 110
C;n,N inT.%i DI\IsioN.
H ernando . -00
Lake . . . 110
Levy . . . . 105
M aliion . 100 115
Orange . . . 100 100
Pasio . . . . 80 110
Sumter . . . . 50 100
Volusia . . 50 100
Div. Average per cent . 105
ko) '11IEIUN DIVIlION.
B revard . . 90
D a lt . . . 100
Hillborough . 110
L ee . . 150
M anatee . . . 120
M on oe . O neola . 60 140
Polk . . .100 100
St. Lucie . . . 1 90
Div. Average per cent . 80 111
State Average per cent .I 88 109
16
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. CABBAGE IRISH POTATOES
Noau'TIniI DIVISION Acreage. ('ndition. Acreage. Condition. Gadsden . . 100
Hamilton . .
Jefferson . "60 50 75 75
Lafayette . . . 100 50
Leon . 150 75 110 85
Liberty . 80 90 80 90
Madison . 50 80 75 75
Suwannee . 90 90 90 90
Wakulla . . 110 85
Div. Av. per cent. 8 77 93 79
WESTERN DIVISION.
Calhoun . . 100 10a
Escambia . 150 100 200 90
Jackson . 85 75 100 80
Santa Rosa . lu0 75 100 100
Walton . 1100 90 110 100
Washington . 125 100 150 125
Div. Av. per cent. 112 88 126
NOitIEASTEN DivisIoN.
Alachua . 80 100 100 80
Bradford . 120 100 80 100
Clay . . . 100 90
Columbia . 85 95 75 90
Duval . 120 100 120 100
Putnam . 115 95 100 95
Div. Av. per cent. 8 96 - 7
CENTRAL DIVISION.
Hernando . 125 100 75 100
Lake . 90 100 100 95
Levy . 100 90 100 80
Marion . 95 98 100 100
Orange . 100 100 20,0 100
Pasco . 85 90 100 100
Sumter . 100 80 100 90
Volusia . 70 80 110 100
Div. Av. per cent. 9 92 111 96
SOUTIIERN DIVISION.
Brevard . . . 100 75
Dade . 100 100 100 100
Hillsborough . 125 100 110 100
Lee . 150 1.00 175 100
Manatee . 110 100 110 100
Monroe . 100 100 . .
Osceola . . . 140 120
Polk . 120 90 100 90
St. Lucie . . . . I 100 100
Div. Av. per cent.[ 101 98 i f104l 98
State Av. per cent. 96 91 T 106 90
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. TOMATOES CUCUMBERS
NoRTHERN DivisioxN Acreage. Condition Acreage. Condition.
Gadsden . . . Hamilton . JEfferson . "75 75 65 60
Lafayette . . .
Loon . .100 8 115 80
Liberty . . . .
Madison .60so 50 so
Suwannee . 90 95 90 85
W akulla . . Div. Av. per cent 81 so 76T i STERN DIIVTSION.
C lnoun .
E. -ambia . 150 10o 000 100
a ckson . 100 75
Santa Rosa . .100 100 75
-W alton . 100 80 . .
Washington . 100 80 100 j 85
Div. Av. per cent. 110 87 92
NO RTHEASTERN DINIsioN.
AI",chua . 100 100 125 75
l tdford . 110 100 100 100
Clly . 100 90 100 80
Columbia . 100 90
Diva] . 115 95 100 85
Putnam . 110 100 100 80
Div. Av. per cent. 106 96 105 84
(I Sl."T1AL DIVISION.
H-i rnando . 150 100 I 120 100
Like . 75 100 75 90
Levy . 100 90 110 90
M arion . 105 100 105 105
Orange . 120 100 130 100
Pa co . 100 100 90 80
Stonter . 100 100 100 90
Volusia . -100 70 100 100
Div. Av. per cent. 106 , 95 104 I 94
S'1IjIIERN DIVISION.
Brvard . 100 100 100 100
U:i le . 105 110 100 100
Hillsborough . 110 100 100 90
Lee . . 100 125
Manatee . 110 100 100 100
Moaroe . . . .
Os eola .100 75 100 100
P1k . 100 80 100 75
St. Lucie . 50 75 100 10
1)i,,. Av. per cent. 97 54 I o 96
, ;te Av. per cent. . 0 I 91 96 j 87
,_-But.
is
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. ENGLISH PEAS BEANS
NOETIIELIN DiviSION Acreage. :Condition. Acreage. Condition.
lGadsden., * . . . .
Ham ilton . . . .
Jefferson . '75 75 75 75
Lafayette . . . 100 80
Leon . 100 1010 100 100
Liberty . . .
Madison . 50 75 50 60
Suwannee . . . 90 90
Wakulla . 100 95 110 100
biv. Xv.- -hThenf . 18 86 87W86
WESTERN DIVISION.
Calhoun . . .
Escambia . . 125 100 100 80
Jackson . . "
Santa Rosa . . .75 75 I 00 100
W alton . . . . .
Washington . . .100 90 100 o80
Div. Av. per cent . 100 I 88 100 87
NORTIIEASTEIN DIVISION.
Alachua . 100 50 12W5
Bradford . 100 100 100 80
Clay . . . . . 1 100 80
Columbia . . . 100 80
Duval . .100 9 100 95
Putnam . 100 90 100 90
Div. Av. per cent. f 100 84 104T
GI�N TRAL DIVISlON4.
He rnando . . . -.
Lake . 100 100 ibo 95
Levy . 100 70 10O 100
Marion . 90 100 125 95
Orange . 120 100 110 100
Pasco . 90 90 100 85
Sumter . 100 90 100 90
Volusia . 1.100 100 100 50
'Div. Av. per cent. _10T 7 5; -- 1058
SoU'IERN DIVISION.
Brevard . 75 100 I 75 - 1-00Dade . . T.100 100
Hillsborough . 100 100 120 95
Lee . . . . . 125 100
Manatee . 100 100 100 100
M onroe . . . .
Osceola . . . . 0 100
Polk . . 110 120
St. Lucie . . . 100 85
Div. Av. per cent. ! 92 ! 100oo 104 1- 100
State Av. per cent. .I 990-
19
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. LETTUCE EGG PLANT
NORTHERN DiVISioN Acreage. Condition. Acreage. Condition.
Gadsden .
Hamilton . Jefferson . Lafayette . Leon . Liberty . Madison . Suwannee . W akulla . Div. Av. ner cent.
110 90 80
50 85 25 100 85.
. . . .
87 1 87 52
x -: 7ix ; DIVISION.
Jalnoun . . E sanibia . 100 100 .
Jackson . . Santa Rosa . 50 90 100 90
W alton . 100 85 .
Washington . 100 100 .
Div. Av. per cent 88 4 17 90
N'nl'isitn> DIVISioN.
A-lachWa . 110 10 -f100-700 100- 00 Bradford . . C lay . C olu m b ia . Duval . 125 100 100 80
l'utnan . . 110 100 Div. Av. per cent. 112 T- 1o 1 0 0
CEI iix\LJ DIVISION.
H ernando . . . . .
Lak( . . s8 100 .
Levy . 100 100
Mu;n.98 95 95 100
Or<;g?. 140 100 100 100
Pas('o8 . 5 90 .
Sumltr. .100 100 f 100 75
Volusia . 100 110 100 100
'iv. Av. per cent. 99 99
10Ou 75 100 75
D, .orug . . . 00 100
Hl de. . . . 1O0 .
Leeo. . . 100 100
Lee . 110 to 100 100
Poll . 110 110 .
St. eie . . . . .
Div. Av. per cent. 1T 5 h799 10---Stare T7. uer cent.! - 90
20
1REP OIT (F A( REAGE AND CONI)JTION-Continned.
COUNTIES. NoWPizEriiN DIVISION
(ELEIIY
.'re ge. conditionn
Ac e Ct S
.\eee ( 'ndiiion
Gadsden . . . .
Iamilln . . . .
Jefferson . . . 75 75
Lafayette . . . .
Leon . 100 100 100 100
I lberty . . . .
, adison . . . .
S v-wannee . . . 80 90
WV akulla . . I . .
I iv. AV. lier Cent. 100 -170-0 85 88
SIt l I N I)l\ ISION.
C .- hlounl . . .
EU -ni bia . . . . . . . . . 100 100
,. 1,]kson . . . . .
y'anta Rosa . . Nlialtnn . . .
Washington . . .
liv. Av. pet cent . . . . --6 -- 0
Olt FHEASFEA?-, Divjso,,.
Alachna . . . 100 10 -B radford . . .
C l!ay . [ . . . .
-olum bia . I . . .
1,:,uval . 125, 100 . .
Putnam .1 110 100 .
liv. Av. per cent. f 117VT h0 0 tO10 -
( TENTRIRI. DivI SIO(N.
Hernando . . .
Lake . L ev . . . .
Marion. Too 105 .
Orange1.00 100 .
1> SCO . . . .
S ter . . . 90 90
Vollusia .0 11 IL
Div. Av. per' cent. 100 105 "90 9
SnUT11 ,Ii:n DIVisioN.
l3revard . T 75 100 .
T)ade . . I 1.00 100
flilsborough . 115 100 100 too
Lee . 100 100 125 100
MTanatee . 1 300 100 100 100
Mtonroe . I
Oecola .I "O 100 I 200 150
lr)ll. . . 00 100 .
.Sit. Lueie . I . . .
iv. Av. per cent. rI (; 10r0 125 110
iafe -Aev. per- 1 120 101 ] 100'7 9-
21
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES. WATER MELON CANTALOUPES
NORTIIEIIN DiVISION Acreage. Condition. Acreage. Condition. Gadsden . .
Hamilton . 90 90 . . .
Jefferson . 75 75 100 100
Lafayette . o80 80 .
Leon . 110 85 110 85
Liberty . 100 75 .
Madison . 75 80 50 75
Suwannee . 100 90 100 90
W akulla . 125 90
I)iv. Av. rer cent. 4- 8 3 90 ] 87
'Ls, i t Di;IION.
Calhoun . .125 125 100
Escambia . . 75 80 1 100 85
Jackson . 75 85 100 I 100
Santa Roza . 100 90
Walton . . . 100 85 . .
Washington . 100 90 100 85
Div. Av. per cent . 9 ''" 901 99
NoRl ! E N DIVISION.
Alachua . .125 95 10 73
Bradford . 1.05 so .s
Clay . .100 100 .
Columbia . .100 100 !
Duval . . 100 100 100 1 100
Putnam . .100 90 100 90
Div. Av. per cent 7 )4 I 94 i 117
CENTRAL DivisION.
Hernando . 200 100 20') 1,1Lake . s0 100 SO IGO
Levy . 100 90 10) 90
Marion . 1110 100 100 98
Orange . 100 100 . P
Pasco . 100 85 90 S5
Sumter . . 90 90 75 75
Volusia . 100 40 100 [ 40
D v. Av. per cent 10 h8 106 84
SOtI TI1LIN DIVISIoN.
Brevard . . .10 100 75 75
Dade.
Hillsborough . I00 100 100
Lee . 150 100 � - �
Manatee . 150 100 100 I 100
Monroe . . . I
Osceola . 150 90 100 9')
Poll. . 110 100 100 10()
St Lucie . 108 100 " . "
Div. Av. per cent. 1- 1 99 1 95
91 1 10 1
State Av. per cent.] 105
22
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES
NORTHERN DIVISION
ORANGE [ LEMON STRAWBERRIES TREES TIEES
Acreage. ICondition. condition . Condition.
Gadsden . .I
Hamilton . . ' .
Jefferson . 90 90 70 .
Lafayette . .
Leon . 60 60 90
Liberty . M adison . Suwannee . 100 90 .
W akulla . . . .
Div. Av. per cent. 1 83 [ 80 I so j
WESTERN DIVISION.
Calhoun . . 125 10
Escambia . 100 100 . .
Jackson . .
Santa Rosa . . .
Walton . . .
Washington . 100 85 . .
Div. Av. per cent. 100 93-7 125 I 100
NORTHEASTERN DIVISION.
Alachua . O 100 100 .
Bradford . . 105 90 .
Clay . . . . 90 .
Colum bia . . - .
Duval . 100 i66 100
Putnam . . "
Div. Av. per cent.1. "02 97 .
CENTRAL DIVISION.
Hernando . . . 90
Lake . . . . 100 100
L evy . .
Marion . . .95 100 85 60
Orange . 100 .
Pasco . oio 100d 100
Summer . . 100 75
Volusia . .100 100 50 b0
Div. Av. per cent. 98 100 89 I
SOUThEERN DVrSMON.
Brevard . . .100 100 1 100
Dade . . .100 100 100 90
Hillsborough . 125 100 95 90
Lee . 125 100 85
Manatee . 200 100 100 100
M onroe .I .
Osceola . . .300 80 110 100
Polk . 120 100 90 80
St. Lucie . 100 80 105
Div. Av. per cent. -14ff 95 ' 98 92
State Av. per cent. 10 93 98 88
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
COUNTIES.
Non ii.'c fliv " IsiV[ oN
LIME TREES
(RAPlI' FRUIT BANANAS
TREES I oinditi on. (Condlition.
PINEAPPLES Condition.
Gadsden . . . .
H am ilton . . . . . Jefferson . . . Lafayette . . . . . . Leon . . 85 .
Liberty . . . . .
M adison . . Suwannee . . W akulla . . Div. Av. per cent. [ . . . 85 .
WEsERN DiIV[SioN.
Calhoun . . 125 100 .
E0scam bia . . . Jackson . . . Santa R osa . . . . W alton . . Washington . . . .
Div. Av. per cent . . 125 100 _ "
NORTIE EASTERN DIVISION .
Alachua . . . 100. Bradford . . Clay . . 90 .
Columbia . . .
Duval . . 100 .
Putnam . . Div. Av. per cent. 1 7 7 97*. CENTRAL DIVISION.
Hernando . . 90 .
Lake . 100 25
L evy .i. Marion . ". 0 80 .
Orange . . 100 Pasco . . . . 100 75 .
Sum ter . . 100 .
Volusia . __ 50 . .
Div. Av. per cent. "T80 89 50 .
SOUTT] RN DIvIsION.
Brevard . 75 100 50 1 75
Dade . [. 100 100 100 100
Hillsborough . . 100 . .
Lee . 100 85 95 95
Manatee. 100 100 50 50
Monroe . . . . 100 100
Osceola. s8 100 50 30
Polk .80 90 .
St. Lucie . . 1 105 50 65
Div. Av. per cent. 89 97 71 7
State Av. per cent.] 1 5 99) 74 _74
REPORT OF ACREAGE AND CONDITION-Continued.
AVACA(DO
COUNTIES. GUAVAS PEACHES PEARS PEARS.
NORTHERN DIViSION Condition. Condition. Condition. Condition. Gadsden . . . .
Hamilton . .
Jefferson . 5,0 75
Lafayette . . 75 100 .
Leon . . 110 85 .
Liberty . .
Madison . .50 .
Suwannee . . .
Wakulla . . 75 70.
Div. Av. per cent.r . I-72
WESTERN DIVISION.
Calhoun. . 125 125
Escambia . . . 100 100 .
Jackson . . . 100 .
Santa Rosa . . 80 75
W alton . . . 90 80
Washington . . 100 100
Div. Av. per cent. 1,00 96
NORTiEASTERN DIVISION.
Alachua . . 150 i 150 .
Bradford . . . 100 100.
Clay . . . 125
Columbia . . 100 100 .
Duval . . . 100 . . .
Putnam . . . 100 .
Div. Av. per cent.7T . I 113 117 7 .
CENTRAL DIVISiON.
Hernando . . 125 125
Lake . 80 so 80 .
Levy . . . 110 110 .
M arion . . 105 105 .
Orange . .
Pasco . 40 95 75 .
Sumter . . 100 100 .
Volusia . 80 90
Div. Av. er cent. 60 I 99 97 .
SOUIJ ERN DIVISION.
Brevard . 1 25 100 75
Dade . 100 . . 100
Hillsborough . 35 100 .
Lee . . . 75 . 90
Manatee . 50 100 .
Monroe . . . 100
Osceola . . 0 125 200 .
Polk . 40 120 100
St. Lucie . 85 .
Div. Av. per cent. 55 109 125 97
State Av. per cent., .57 99 103 97
PART 11.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS.
GENERAL C[ASSIfl(ATION OF fLORIDA
SOILS.
This article is necessarily general in scope and is intended to supply information on this important subject in a brief way to those seeking such information before coming to this State to make new homes. With no funds for inimi-ration purposes, we are limited to small space in the Bulletin to supply that which every proposed immigrant wants and should have, and which we cannot give in any other way.
The average soil of Florida is sandy, mixed with more or less clay, lime and organic matter. The greater portion ol the lands may be designated as pine lands, because of the pine timber which predominates. There are lands on which lhe timber is a mixture of pine, white oak, red oak, water oak, live oak, gmn, bay, hickory, magnolia, cabbage palmetto, etc.; these lands are termed mixed hammock lands.
The general classification of soils is in the following order: First. second and third rate pine lands, and high hammock, low hammock and swampy lands.
The pine lands cover much the larger portion of the State, and the soil is apparently all sand, but such is not the case; over a greater portion of the State this sand is thoroughly mixed with small particles of shells, which contain carbonate of lime, other minerals and decolnposed, finely granulated vegetable matter. It is true that Florida has her proportion of poor lands, just as have all other States and countries, but compared with some other Slates the ratio is very small. With the exception of a very small area of supposedly irreclaimable swamp lands, there is scarcely an acre in the entire State which cannot he made, under the wonderful influence of her tropical climate, to pay tribute to man's energy. Lands which, in a more northerly climate, would be utterly worthless, will, in Florida, for the reasons above stated, yield valuable productions.
FIRST -CLASS PINE LANDS.
First-class pine land in Florida is wholly unlike anything found in any other State. Its surface is usually covered for several inches deep with a dark vegetable mould, beneath which to the depth of several feet is a chocolate-colored sandy loam, mixed for the most part with limestone pebbles and resting upon a substratum of marl, clay or limestone rock. The fertility and durability of this character of land may be estimated from the well-known fact that in the older settled districts this kind of soil has been cultivated for as many as twenty years successfully in corn or cotton without a pound of any sort of fertilizer, and are still as prodiictive as ever; practically, then, these lands are mdestructible. It is on ihis class of lands that both triwk and fruit growing is nost successful, and which produces the finest quality of Sea Island cotton. It is also line farming land and y ields good crops under ordinary mehods of cultivation. By the growing of legmninous plants these soils and all other pine lands can be continually kept in a high state of fertility .
SECOND-CLASS PINE LANDS.
The second-class pine lands, which make up the largest portion of lands, are practically all productive. They are not hilly, but for tile most part undulating in their surface. In some places, however, these elevations amount to hills. Some of these hills in Hernando County are regarded among the highest points in the State. Underlying the surface is clay, marl, lime rock and sand. These lands, from their accessibility and productiveness, the facility of fertilizing with cattle penning and the in,pression of their greater healthfulness than hammock lands, have induced their enclosure and tillage. when the richer hammock lands were near by, but more difficult to prepare for cultivation.
Some of these lands have no regular compact clay under them, or, at least, not in reach of plant roots. This fact is taken frequently as an evidence against 1hem, since the popular prejudice is decidedly in favor of a clay subsoil. This objection, if it really be one, is taken for more than
29
it is worth, for clay proper, or alluminum, as the chemisis call it, is not food for plants. Its uses to the plant aie purely mechanical. It serves as a reservoir for the storage of moisture in times of drought, as well as to hold firmly the roots of the growing trunk, but not to feed the hungry or thirsty plant. Sometimes it has been found in small quantities in the ash of woods, but this is because the rootlels take up more or less of whatever salts are in solution about them, and clay has been taken up in this way, just as poisons may be taken up; for tirees are sometimes killed by pouring poisonous liquids a1;out their roots, but clay never makes any part of the organism of plants, nor is it numbered among the elein mts which contribute to their growth.
Also a well-established fact as to the value of a clay subsoil is, that without its presence the applied fertilizers will leach through and be lost. The fertilizers used are generally lighter than the soils to which they are applied, or than the water coming down from the clouds. As the rains fall some of these fertilizers are carried down, after a time of drought; as the soil fills they are borne upward again by the waters to the surface, and b(ith as ihey go down and come up, whether they be liquid or gaseous, the humus of soils has a strong absorbing atinitv for them and readily al)lrol)riates and retains them for the uses of the plant when the superabndance of water has passed away. But if 1he soil is not filled to lhe surface, so as to bring back directly any fertilizer in solutionn that was carried down, it is safer there in the subsoil than on the steep hillsides of clay, where what is applied is frequently carried away by the floods, together with the soil, to the vales below. 'Whereas, what has .-one down in the porous soil is brought back 1)y the capillary attraction of the surface soil in time of drouglit to the reach of the growing crop. One of the
es of drouvt.ht is that it il us brings up from the subsoil, with the assistance of shallow cultivation, any mineral o',od that may be there to where it will be in reach of the .:'rowing crop.
But light, sandy soils, though they may produce freely first, soon give way, and this fact, for frequently it is : fact, is regarded as conclusive as against loose and orous subsoils, whereas it only proves that these lighi ',ils were not sufficiently supplied wih hums and the limited supply soon exhausted. Such lands can easily be
restored to their original fertility by the use of leguminous plants, rotation of crops and careful cultivation; in fact, by such means they can be vastly improved over their original condition.
THIRD -CLASS PINE LANDS.
Even the lands of the "third rate," or most inferior class, are by no means worthless under the climate of Florida. This class of lands may be divided into two orders; the one coniprising high, rolling, sandy districts, which are sparsely covered with a stunted growth of "black jack" and pine, and, near the lower east coast, scrub hickory and gualber'y shrubs. It is also on much, similar soils along the cast coast that the finest pineapples are produced; the other embracing low, fiat sw:aIii)y regions, which are frequeitly studded widi "bay gauls," and are occasionally inundated, but which are covered with luxuriant vegetation, aid very generally with considerable quantities of valuable timber. The former of these, it is now ascertained, is also well adapted to the growth of Sisal Hemp, which is a valuable tropical production. This plant (the Agave Sisalana), and the Agave Mexicana, also known as Magney, the Pilhlue Plant, the Century Plant. etc., have both been introduced into Florida, and they have both grown in great perfection on the poorest lands of the country. As these plants derive their chief sUipport from the at mosphere, they will, like the common air plhiit, preserve their vit ality foi many months when left out of the ground.
T'he second order of fhe third-rate pine lands are not entirely worthless. as these lands alrord fine cattle ranges and in some localities lnrie tracts of timber adapted to the manufacture of naval stores and milling purposes.
Just here we feel Ithat it is u ot out of place to say a few words concerning the topography and influence of these lands on the health of the inhabitanis thereon. A general feature in the topography of Florida. which no other com try in the United States possesses, and wlich affords great security to the health of its inhabitants, is that the pine lands whieh form the basis of the country, and which are almost universally healthy, are nearly everywhere
studded, at intervals of a few miles, with hammock lands of the richest quality. These hammocks are not, as is generally supposed, low, wet lands; they never require ditching or draining, they vary in extent from a few acres to many thousand acres; hence, the inhabitants have it everywhere in their power, when desired,' to select residences in the pine lands, at such convenient distances from the hammocks as will enable them to cultivate the latter without endangering their health,' if it should so happen that the hammock lands appeared to be less healthy than the pine lands.
Experience in Florida has satisfactorily shown that residences only half a mile distant from cultivated hammocks are entirely exempt from malarial disease, and those who cultivate these hammocks and retire at night to pine land residences maintain perfect health. Indeed, it is found that residences in the hammocks themselves are generally perfectly healthy after they have been one or two years cleared. Newly cleared lands are sometime& attended with the development of more or less malaria, a fact that, under similiar conditions, is no more peculiar to Florida than any other State. In Florida the diseases which result from these clearings are generally of the mildest type of bilious fever.
The topographical feature here noted, namely, a general in terspersion of rich hammocks, surrounded by high, dry, roiling, healthy pine woods, is an advantage which no other State in tile Union enjoys; and Flo-ida forms, in this respect, a striking contrast with some other Southera Stales whose sugar and cotton lands are generally surrounded by vast alluvial regions, subject to frequent inundations, so that it is impossible to obtain, within many miles of them, a healthy residence.
At first thought it would seem improbable to many people that the mialarial diseases of Florida (abounding in these rich hammock lands and exposed to a tropical su), should so generally he of a much milder form than those w-hich prevail in more northern latitudes. But suc-h, however, is the fact. It is suggested, in exlanation of this fact, that the luxuriant vegetation which, in the Southern and MHiddle States, passes through all the stages of decomposition, is, in Florida, generally dried up before it reaches the stage of decomposition, and that, consequently, the quantity of malaria generated is much less than in climates more favorable to decomposition,
This view is strengthened by the fact that the soil of Florida is, almost everywhere, of so porous and absorbent a character that moisture is seldom long retained on its surface, that its atmosphere is in constant motion, and that there is more clear sunshine than in the more northern States. It is further suggested that the uniform prevalence of sea breezes, and the constant motion of the atmosphere in the Peninsula, tends so much to diffuse and attenuate whatever malaria is generated that it will generally produce only the mildest form of malarial diseases, such as intermittent fever.
The lands which in Florida are universally denominaied "rich lands" are, first, the "swamp lands";
second, the "low hammock lands"; third, the "high hammocks," and fourth, the "first rate pine, oak and hickory lands."
SWAMP LANDS.
The swamp lands are, unquestionably, the most durable rich lands in the State. They are the most recently formed lands, and are still annually receiving additions to their surface. They are intrinsically the most valuable lands, because they are as fertile as the hammocks and more durable. They are alluvial in character and occupy natural depressions, or basins, which have gradually filled up by deposits of vegetable debris, etc., washed in from the adjacent and higher lands. Drainage is indispensable to all of them in their preparation for succiessful cultivation. Properly prepared, however, their inexhaustible fertility sustains a succession of the most exhausting crops with astonishing vigor. These lands have been known to produce as much as 600 gallons of syrup, or about 5,000 pounds of sugar, per acre, without fertilizer. We mention sugar cane in this connection as showing the fertility of the soil, because it is known to be one of the most exhausting crops. It is not, however, quite fair to make this the measure of fertility of similar lads situated in different climates and countries, for wNv find on the richest lands in the State of Louisiana the p)-roduct of sugar is little more than about half what it is in Florida.
!Hut this great disparity in the product of these count: O+,s is accounted for, not by any inferiority in the lands
of Louisiana or Texas, but by the fact that the early visitations of frosts in both these States render it necessary to cut the cane in October, which is long before it has reached maturity, while in Florida it is permitted to stand, without fear of frost, till the last of November or December, or till such time as it is fully matured. It is well known that it "tassels" in South Florida, and it never does so in either Louisiana or Texas. When cane "tassels," it is evidence of its having reached full maturity. In consequence of the considerable outlay of capital required in the preparation of this description of land for cultivation, and from the facility formerly existing for obtaining hanmock land, which requires no ditching nor draining, swamp land has been but little sought after by persons engaged in planting in Florida until in recent years; now, however, there is a great and ever-increasing demand for these lands by individuals and incorporated companies, thus suddenly recognizing their immense productive value.
The greater part of what are known as swamnp lands proper are mostly loca.led in East and South Florida, although there are numerous and quite extensive bodies in North, Middle and West Florida.
THE EVERGLADES.
While the soils of this region differ little in their general characteristics from the swamp lands above considered, still, owing to their prominence as such and as the greatest reclamation undertaking in recent times, also their unique geographical position, we submit a brief description under their own heading. These lands are being rapidly and successfully drained by the State, as well as by private and corporate owners.
"The Everglades of Florida cover an area of about 4,000 syare miles, embra cing more than half of the portion of tie State south of Lake Okeechobee. The subsoil of ,his vast region is a coraline limestone. * * * Upon this surface lies an imaonse accumulation of sand, alluvial deposits and decayed vegetable matter, forming a m;'s of sand and mud from two feet to ten feet or mjjore ill deli-11, hat cve ul veiada all but a few toins of
Ire first stral-a."
3- Bul.
"Upon the mud rests a sheet of water, the depth varying with the conformation of the bottom, but seldom at dry seasons greater than three feet. The whole is tilled with rank growth of coarse grass, eight or ten feet high, having a serrated edge like a saw, from which it obtains its name of 'Saw Grass.' "
In many portions of the Everglades the saw grass is so thick as to be almost impenetrable, but it is intersected by numerous and tortuous channels that form a kind of labyrinth, where outlets present themselves in every direction, however, terminating at long or short distances in apparently impenetrable barriers of grass. The, surface of water is quickly affected by rain, the alternate rising and falling during' the wet seasons being rapid. The difference of level between highest and lowest stages of water is from two to three feet. The general surface of the Everglades was thus subject to great chl.I,,es prior to the inauguration of the systein of drai,(nage now so successfully under way. Small keys, or, in r,,lily, hammocks, are here and there met with, which are dry at all seasons; upon them the soil is vevy rich. There are many such. Undoubtedly they were often made the site of Indian gardens.
Large areas, covering many square miles, wii,.h but a few years ago were marshes covered with saw -r,,ss end rushes, are now open ilea(ows. dry all seasons, exce pting the rainy moonli hs, affording pastime for many fhousan d heads of ealle. The fall or rapids at the laeto of zll streams rnn, 1', fron the ladess have receded towards the Ceuier of the Glades and Lake Okeechoibce several Imiiles.
Thme Florida Everglades at present may be described as a wvet prairie, being a strip of land about one hundred and fifty miles ]l by fifty -five miles wide, and lying between the pine and swimnip lands which iave grown over two reefs of rock running parallel with each olhve. from north to south. No rivers penetrate into the Glades beyond these rock reefs on either side and the land is very level, only about twenty-one and one-half feet above sea level, being composed chielly Of muck and sand lying in a basin with a rock bottom. The annual rainfall over this territory averages nearly sixty inches. It has for this reason, and because this rainfall has no other outlet over these reefs, been and is too wet for cultivation. The muck which overlies the sand and rock varies from about
two feet on the edge of the Glades to a depth of twenty feet in the middle, and would average over the whole territory a depth of between six and eight feet. The land is free from trees and stumps, and almost free from bushes; the item of clearing being of no consideration whatever, simply requiring mowing down the grass and burning it, when the soil is ready to be tilled, as soon as the excess water is run off by the drainage canals.
The soil, as compared with other portions of the country, taking into consideration its natural richness, location and climate, is more valuable for agricultural trtposes than any that is known, being particularly adapted to ie growth of cane, cotton, Irish potatoes, celery, tomatoes, cabbage, turnips, beets, onions and, in fact, any crop will grow well on these lands except such as require a colder climate.
The composition of the soil being almost entirely decomposed vegetable natter, is rich in nitrogen, but lacking to a great extent in the mineral constituents necessa d to make a perfect soil; consequently, phosphoric
acid and potash will have to be supplied in varying quantities for a majority of crops, in some of these muck soils, especially where rock or clay is absent or too far below the sur'a-v to exert any appreciable influence. With these addilions, when necessary, however, these soils will, without doubt, be the most productive in this country, and the equal of any in the world. Without the additioir of tlle cho' mical fertilizers inenlioned, these soils w-ill not equal in producliveness the first grade of swamp lands.
LOWt HAMMOCKS.
Low hanmmoeks, which are practically swamp lands, are not in ferioi to swani) lands proper, in fertility, but are considered no tu iie so desirable. They' v are mostly level, or nearly so, and have a soil of greater tenacity than that of the liJh hanmmocks. Sme dificIing is necessary in niony V1, I hem. Tie soil in liem is aIways deep. These lands are also extremely well adapted to the growth of cane, corn and, in tact, all vegetable crops, nor are these soils as subject to ihe eleel s of I longed drought as higher lands. There is not nearly so large a proportion of low hammock as there is of swamp lands.
HIGH HAMMOCKS.
High hamnioclks are lhe lands in greatest favor in Florida. These differ from low hammocks in occupying higher ground and in generally presenting an undulating surface. They are formed of a fine vegetable mould, mixed with a sandy loam, in many places several feet deep, and resting in most cases on a substratum of clay, marl or limestone. It will be readily understood by anyone at all acquainted with agriculture that such a soil, in such a climate as Florida, must be extremely produclive. The soil scarcely ever suffers from too much wet. nor does drought affect it in the same degree as other lands, owing to its clay subsoil. High hammock lands produce with but little labor of cultivation all the crops of count in an eminent degree. Such lands have no tendency to break up in heavy masses, nor are theY infested with weeds.
To suin up its advantages, it requires no other preparation than clearing and plowing to fit it at once for the' greatest possible production of any kind of crop adapted to the climate. In unfavorable seasons it is much more certain to produce a good crop than any other kind of land, from the fact that it is less affected by exclusively dry or wet weather. It can be cultivated with much less labor than any other lands, being remarkably mellow, and its vicinity is generally high and healthy. These reasons are sufficient to entitle it to the estimation in which it is held over all other lands.
Some of the counties in Middle Florida, Gadsden, Leon, Madison and Jefferson, and Jackson, Holmes and Washington Counties. in West Florida, have large areas of fine high hammock land, underlaid with a stiff clay. These. are the best lands of the Slate for the growth of shortstaple cotton and are, indeed, the cream of the State for general farming purposes. They are of the earliest formation of' the Florida lands. As before stated, areas of these lands in varying extent are found in every section of the Slate, in almost every county.
Some of the largest bodies of rich hammock land in East Florida are to he 'ound in Levy, Alachna, Columbia, Marion, Iernando, Citrus, Iasco and Sumter Counties. There arm in Levy County alone not less than one hun-
dred thousand acres of the very best description of lands adapted to sugar cane culture, and there is but a small proportion of any of the counties, here mentioned, that will not produce remunerative crops of short-staple and Sea Island cotton without the aid of manure.
The first rate pine, oak and hickory lands are found in pretty extensive bodies in many parts of the State. From the fact that these lands can be cleared at much less expense than the swamp and hammock lands, they have generally been preferred by the small farmers and have proved remarkably productive.
PRAIRIE LANDS.
There are. besides the lands already noticed, extensive tracts of prairie lands, which approximate in character, texture of the soil, and period and mode of formation, to the swap lands, differing only in being practically destitute of timber. Some of these lands are, however, extremely poor and non-productive, owing mostly to a substrata of hardpan, clay, which is impervious to moisture and impenetrable alike to fhe roots of fruit trees or plants. When the hardpan comes as near to the surface as, say, seven or eight feet. Ilie growing of citrus fruit trees is not advisable. When it comes no nearer than, say, four feet, and surface drainage is good, vegetable growing can be made successful with Roperr cultivation and fertilization. The most of these lands allford excellent pastures during the greater part of the year. In fact, it is this class of lands that make up the great cattle ranges of the State, on which hundreds of thousands of cattle thrive the year around. These lands are found in tracts of varying extent in every section of the State, but in Southern Florida, in southern Hillsborough County, in Manatee, in the great Myaka River prairie region, in southern Polk County, and in DeSoto, Osceola, Brevard and Lee Counties, which include the Alifia, Kissimmee and Caloosahatchee River valleys, is found the greatest grazing region each of the Mississippi River. The climate is perfect, never cold enough to kill the grasses, which grow as green in January as in June, and where water is in bountiful supply at all seasons of the year.
38
EASE OF CULTIVATION.
Perhaps the most attractive feature peculiar to the soils of Florida is the ease with which they can be cultivated as compared witli still', heavy soils of other States, while quite as fertile. Another is that the greater part of the farm labor and tillage can be, and much of it is, performed duringg those months of tie year when the ground further north is frozen. Still another peculiarity is, that fertilizers can he applied to greater advantage, because the fertilizing material will remain in the soil until the stimulaling chemical ingredients are assimilaled and absorbed into Ilie earl i and are not carried away by washing rains, as they are in broken or niountainous countries, and also because flie porosity of the soil enables the atmosphere, through oxidization, more readily v 1o aid lie fertilizers in Ilie work of decomposing the minerals of Ihe soil, this setin-- free lhe food ele-meits they contain for lie use of the growing crops.
PART 111.
Fertilizers,
Feed Stuffs, and Foods and Drugs
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TAKING AND
FORWARDING OF FERTILIZER OR COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFF SAMPLES TO THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.
SECTION 15 OF THE LAWS.
Special samples of Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs sent in by purchasers, under Section 9 of the laws,. shall be drawn in the presence of two disinterested witnesses, from one or more packages, thoroughly mixed, and A FAIR SAPII'LE OF TIIE SAME OF NOT LESS TITAN EIGHT OUNCES (ONE-HALF POUND) SHALL BE PLACED IN A CAN OR BOTTLE, SEALED AND SENT BY A DISINTERESTED PARTY TO THU COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE AT TALLAHASSEE. NOT LESS TITAN EICIlT OUNCES, IN A TIN CAN Ol1 BOTTLE, WILL Bu ACCEPTED FOR ANALYSIS. This rule is adopted to secure fair samples of sufficient size to make the necessary determinations and to allow the preservation of a duplicate saInple in case of protest or appeal. This duplicate sample will be preserved for two months from the date of certificate of analysis.
The State Chemist is not the proper officer to receive special samples from the purchaser. The propriety of the method of drawing and sending the samples as fixed by law is obvious.
The drawing and sending of special samples in rare eases is in compliance with law. Samples are frequently sent in paper packages or paper boxes, badly packed, and frequently in very small quantity (less than ounce) ; frequently there are no marks, numbers or other means of identification; the postmark in some instances being absent.
I would call the attention of those who desire to avail themselves of this privilege to Sections 9 and 10 of the law, which are clear and explicit.
Hereafter, strict compliance with above regulations will be required. The sample imust not be less than onehalf pound, in a can or bottle, sealed an d addressed to the Comnissioner of Agricndtu-e. The sendcr's name and address mist also be on the package, this rule applying to special samples of fertilizers or commercial feeding stuff.
A one-pound baking powder can, properly cleaned, filled with a fairly drawn, well mixed sample taken from several sacks, is a proper sample. It should be sealed and addressed to the Co missioncr of Agriculture at Tallahassee. The sender's name and address should also be placed on the package. If more than one sample is sent, the samples should be numbered so as to identify them. All this should be done in the presence of the witnesses and the package mailed or expressed by one of the witnesses.
The tags off the sacks should be retained by the sender to compare with the certificate of analysis when received, and not sent to this office. The date of t'he drawing and spending of the sample, anid niamiies of the witnesses, should also be retained by the sender; not sent to this office.
WATER ANALYSIS.
We frequently analyze water for public use, city, town and neighborhood supplies; springs and artesian wells in which the public is interested; and for individuals when some economic question, boiler, laundry or other industrial use is to be decided. WE DO NOT ANALYZH WATER FOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT WHEREIN THE PUBLIC IS NOT INTERESTED. SUCH SAMPLES SHOULD BE SENT TO A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY. TiiE STATE LABORATORY DOES NOT COMPETE WITH COMMERCIAL LABORATORIES. Also, we do not make bacteriological examinations nor exOminations for disease gerins. Such examinations and analyses are made by the State Board of Health at Jacksonville.
We do not make a :anitary analysis, nor a complete quantitalive determination, separating each mineral and stating the quantity thereof. Such an analysis would be costly in time and labor, and of no real value to the inquirer. We determine the total dissolved solids in the sample and report them as parts per 1,000,000, naming the principal ingredients in tihe order of their predominance. We find Calcium Carbonate (lime), Sodium Chloride (salt), Magnesium Sulphate (epsom salts), Silica (sand), and Iron, is the general order of their predominance, though on the coast, where the total dissolved solids amounts to 5,000 or more parts per 1,000,000, Sodium Chloride (salt) is the predominant substance.
From a knowledge of the chemical analysis of a water,
unaccompanied by any further information, no conclusion as to the potability and healthfulness of the water can be deduced.
Therefore, we require the following information to be given in regard to the source of the water:
(1). The source of the water: spring, lake, river, driven well, dug well, bored well, artesian well, or flowing well; and also the depth of the water surface below the top of the soil, and in case wells the depth of the casing.
(2). The locality of the source of the waler: town, city or village; or the section, township and range.
3). The proposed use of the water: city sully, domestic use, laundry, boiler, irrigation or other industrial use.
(4). No sample of water will I)e analyzied unless lhe name and address of the sender is oin the 1packae for ident itical iol.
Ic rcqilirc tio I y llo81 ofl 0] '(t('/1 .8( of ' a t', ill a nfl .i'!!., .,doppcd Iilh ( 11(1' corl, (o1ld scut by Pl JIlpaid cJJ)e-rsS. We' will not accept any sniple of craer for analysis nof in a new jng. Vessels 1 reviowslv ased for olher lmrposes -enever iltoperly cl I"e)! , sen ding
samples of waler for naly,\sis. workss , once used I'or olher substaces (molasses, vi eg{ar, whiskey, kerosene. etc.) aie never properly cleaned. In sm ln a w well water, the sitagmiiat wael, ill lie lmmp nmst first be lom)iled off. The jag musl tirst le rinsed wilh tlie wafer lo le sainpled, emlied, and Ihen filled. A sa-ltiple of' splilig. river or lake wva oe' is best taken (aller rinsing the jug') by allowing the jug to fill after immersion some distance under the surface near 1he center of the bodv of waler.
NoTn.-We find the waters of the Sialk-springs, wells, driven wells and artesian wells-generally very pure and wholesome, with but little mineral impurily and that such as is not harmful. Except in cases of gross carelessness, in allowing surface water to contaminate the well or spring, the waters of the State are pure and wholesome. The deep wells of the State are noted for their purity and healthfulness.
ANALYSIS OF FOODS AND DRUGS.
Samples of Foods and Drugs are drawn under special regulations. Application should be made to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist for the neces-
sary blanks, instructions, etc., for drawing and transmitting samples of foods and drugs, including drinks of all kinds.
COPIES OF LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS,
AND STANDARDS.
Citizens of the State interested in fertilizers, foods and drugs, and stock feed, can obtain, free of charge, the respective Laws, including Rules and Regulations and Standards, by applying to the Commissioner of Agriculture or State Chemist. Applications for the Quarterly Bulletin of the State )epartment of Agriculture shouldalso be made to Ithe commissionerr of Agriculture or State Chemist. The Bulletins of' the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station can be had by application to ihe Director at Gainesville.
SOIL ANALYSIS.
Ve frequently have saniples of soil sent in for analysis and a request to advise as to the best met hods of fertilizin, Excepling in extreme cases, such as Heavy Clays, Pure Sand and Muck Lands, there is but little information to be derived from a soil analysis that would be of benolit to farmers. So mnuh depends on tilth, drainage, cullre and ot her 1p hysical conditions that an analysis made under laboralor V conditions is of little value.
A chemical analysis of a soil may indicate a very fertile soil, rich in plant food, while the facts are the soils are not productive. This is instanced by the rich Sawgrass, muck lands and river bottoms of the State, that are fertile chemically, but not productive until properly drained; also, by the arid lands of the west, rich in the elements of plant food, but not productive until irrigated. Other soils, with less plant food, but on account of proper physical conditions, culture and tilth, are exceedingly productive.
The average of thousands of analyses of Florida soils made by the Agricultural Experiment Station and the Stale Laboratory is as follows: Nitrogen (per cent.) . 0.0413 Potash (per cent.) . 0.0091 Phosphoric Acid (per cent.) . 0.1635
This is a fair average of all of the Norfolk and Portsmouth soil series of the State, which comprise by far the greater portion of the State.
In this connection we quote from the report of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., as follows:
"SOIL ANALYSIS OF LITTLE VALUE IN SHOWING FERTILIZER ]ZEQUIREM E NTs.-The Chemical Department is called upon to answer hundreds of letters of inquiry in relation to agricultural chemical problems from people all over the State. In this connection it might be well to say that there is a widespread idea that the chemist can analyze a sample of soil and, without further knowledge of the conditions, write out a prescription of a fertilizer which will fill the needs of that particular soil.
"The Experiment Station does not analyze samples of soil to determine the fertilizer requirements. There is no chemical method known tha[ will show reliably the availability of the plant food elements present in the soil, as this is a variable factor, influenced by the kind of crop, the type of soil, the climate and biological conditions; hence, we do not recommend this method of testing soil.
"The method recommended by the Indiana Station is the field fertilizer test or plot system, in which long, narrow strips of the field to be tested are measured off side by side. The crop is planted uniformly over each. Different fertilizers are applied to the different plots, every third or fourth one being left nifertilized. The produce from these plots is harvested separately and weighed. In this manner the ftarmer can tell what fertilizer is best suited for his needs. As climatic conditions nmy influence the yield with different fertilizers, it is best to carry on such tests for more than one year before drawing definite conclusions. There is positively no easier or shorter inethod of testing the soil that we feet safe in recommending.
"Soil can be greatly improved by an intelligent rotation of crops, the conservation of stable manure, and the use of some kind of commercial fertilizer. Farmers need have no fear that the proper application of commercial fertilizer will injure the land."
INSTIN &TIONS TO M ANtUFACTURERS AND
DEALERS.
Each package of Commercial Fertilizer, and each package of Commercial Feeding Slul, must have, securely attached thereto, a tag with the guaranteed analysis required by law and the stamp showing the payment of the inspector's fee. This provision of the law, Section 3 of both laws-will be rigidly enforced.
Manufacturers and dealers will be required to properly tag and stamp each package of Commercial Fertilizer or Commercial Feeding Stuff under penalty as fixed in Section 6 of both laws. Tags shall be attached to the top end of each bag, or head of each barrel.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PURCHASERS.
Purchasers are cautioned to purchase no Commercial Fertilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuff that does not bear on eack package an analysis tag with the guarantee required by law, and the stamp showing the payment of the inspector's fee. Goods not having the guarantee tag and slamp are irregular and fraudulent; the absence of the guarantee and stamp being evidence that the manufacturer or dealer has not complied with the law. Without the guarantee tag and stamp showing what the goods are guaranteed to contain, the purchaser has no recourse against the manufacturer or dealer. Such goods are sold illegally and fraudulently, and are generally of little value. All reputable manufacturers and dealers now comply siricil'A with the law and regulations by placing the granlee tag and stanp on each package.
INSTRUCTIONS TO SHERIFFS.
The atienfion of Sheriffs of the various counties is called to Section 3 of both laws, defining their duties. This Department expects each Sheriff to assist in maintaining Ihe law and protecting the citizens of the State from the imposition of frainldulent, inferior or deficient Commercial Ferlilizers or Commercial Feeding Stuffs.
MARKET PRICES OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZING MATERIALS AT FLORIDA SEA
PORTS, JANUARY 1, 1910.
AM MONIATES.
Less than Ten tons ten tons. and over.
Nitrate of Soda, 17 per cent Ammonia. .$52.00 $51.00 Sulphate of Ammonia, 25 per cent Ammonia . 70.00 69.00
Dried Blood, 16 per cent Ammonia. 59.00 58.00
POTASH.
High Grade Sulphate of Potash, 48 per
cent. Potash (K20) . $ 50.00 $49.00 Low Grade Sulphate of PoLash, 26 per
cent Potash (KO) . 30.00 29.00
Muriate of Potash, 50 per cent. Potash (K.O) . 46.00 45.00 Carbonate of Potash, 60 per cent. Potash (KO ) . 110.00 . Nitrate of Potash, 15 per cent. Ammonia, 44 per cent. Potash (K20) . 90.00 89.00 Kainit, 12 per cent. Potash (K.O) . 13.00 12.00 Canada Hardwood Ashes. 4 per cent. Potash (K.,O ) . 1S.00 17.00
AMrON IA AND PIIOSPHORIC ACID.
High Grade Blood and Bone, 10 per
cent. Ammonia, 5.50 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . $40.00 $39.00 Blood and Bone, S per cent. Ammonia,
10 per cent. Phosphoric Acid . 36.00 35.00 Low Grade Wlood and Bone, 6.50 per cent. Anmnmoia, S per cent. Phosphoric A cid . .2.00 31.00 Raw Bone, I Per cent. Ammonia, 22 per cent. Phophoric Acid . 34.00 33.00 Ground Castor Pontace, 5.50 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent Phosphoric Acid 26.00 25.00
Bright Cotton Seed Meal, 7.50 per cent. Ammonia . 34.00 33.00
Dark Cotton Seed Meal, 4.50 per cent. Ammonia . 30.00 29.00
PHOSPHORIC Acre.
High Grade Acid Phosphate, 16 per
cent. Available Phosphoric Acid . $15.00 $14.00 Acid Phosphate, 14 per cent. Available
Phosphoric Acid . 14.00 13.00 Bone Black, 17 per cent. Available
Phosphoric Acid . 25.00 24.00
Odorless Phosphate, 14 per cent. Available Phosphoric Acid . 25.00 24.00
MISCELLANEOUS.
High Grade Ground Tobacco Stems,
2 per cent. Ammonia, 8 per cent.
Potash (KO) . 22.00 21.00 High Grade Kentucky Tobacco Stems,
2.50 per cent. Ammonia, 10 per cent.
Potash (KO) . 25.00 24.00
Tobacco Dust, No. 1, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 2 per cent. Potash (K2) . 25.00 24.00 Cut Tobacco Stems, 2 per cent. Ammonia, 4 per cent. Potash (K20) . 20.00 19.00 Dark Tobacco Sterns, baled, 2 per cent.
Ammonia, 4 per cent. Potash (K20). 19.00 18.00 Land Plaster . 12.00 11.00
The charges by reputable manufacturers for mixing and bagging any special or regular formula are $1.50 per ton in excess of above prices.
NEW YORK WHOLESALE PRICES, CURRENT JAN.
1, 1910-FERTILIZER MATERIALS.
A-,NiMON JATES.
Ammonia, sulphate, foreign, prompt, per 100 pounds . $2.65 futures .2.65 Ammonia, suip., domestic, spot .2.671
futures .2.65/2@ Fish scrap, dried, 11 per cent. ammonia and 14 per cent, bone phosphate, f. o. b. fish works, per unit . 2. 85 & wet, acidulated, 6 per cent.
ammonia, 3 per cent. phosphoric acid, f. o. b. fish works 2.35 & Ground fish guano, imported, 10 and 11 per cent, ammonia and 15-17 per cent, bone phosphate, c. i. f. N. Y., Balto. or Phila . 3.00 & 'Tankage, 11 per cent, and 15 per cent. f. o. b. Chicago .2.75 @ Tankage, concentrated, f. o. b. Chicago, 14 to 15 per cent., b. Chicago . 2.75 @ Garbage, tankage, f. o. b. Chicago.8.00 @ Sheep manure, concentrated, f. o. b. Chicago, per ton .9.50(T Hoofmeal, f. o. b. Chicago, per unit . 2.55 @ Dried blood, 12-13 per cent. ammonia, f. o. b. New York . 2.95 @ Chicago . 2.90 @ Nitrate of soda, 95 per cent spot, per 100 pounds. futures, 95 per cent .-
10 35 10 2.80&10
2.10 2.10
PHOSPHATES.
Acid phosphate, per unit . .55 R Bones, rough, hard, per ton . 20.50@
soft steamed unground .18.50
gr'ounid, steamed, 1 1-4 per
cent, ammoiiia and 60 per
cent, bone phosphate .19.00 (q
ditto, 3 and 50 per cent . 2.-2.50 g
.60
21.50
21.00
19.50 22.50
Ca)
-/29
raw ground, 4 per cent, ammonia and 50 per cent, bone
phosphate . .26.00 South Carolina Phosphate rock, undried, per 2,400 lbs., f. o. b. Ashley
River .5.50 South Carolina Phosphate rock,
hot air dried, f. o. b. Ashley River 7.00 Florida land pebble phosphate rock,
68 per cent., f. o. b. Port Tampa, 3.75 Florida high grade phosphate hard
rock, 77 per cent., f. o. b. Florida
or Georgia ports .7 Tennessee phosphate rock, f. o. b., Mt.
Pleasant, domestic, per ton, 78@80
per cent . 5.00
75 per cent, guaranteed . 4.75 68@72 per cent . 4.25
@27.00
(Th
(-(-z 7.50
5.50 5.00
4.50
POTAS ElES.
Muriate potash, basis 80 per cent, per
100 pounds. 1.90 (aD Manure salt, 20 per cent, actual potash 14.75 (a
double manure salt, 48 per cent. . 1.161/2Cd Sulphate potash (basis 90 per cent) . 2.181/20q Kainit, in bulk, 2,240 pounds . .50 @
4-Bul.
5.75 7.25
4.00
STATE VALUATIONS.
For Available and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, Ammonia
and Potash for the Season of 1910.
Available Phosphoric Acid .5 cents a pound Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .1 cent a pound Ammonia (or its equivalent in nitro gen) . 16 cents a pound Potash (as actual potash, K,0) .51 cents a pound
If calculated by unitsAvailable Phosphoric Acid .$1.00 per unit Insoluble Phosphoric Acid .20 c. per unit Ammnonia (or its equivalent in nitrogen) . . $3.20 per unit Potash . 1.10 per unit
With a uniform allowance of $1.50 per ton for mixing and bagging.
A unit is twenty pounds, or 1 per cent, in a ton. We find this to be the easiest and quickest method for calculating the value of fertilizer. To illustrate this, take for example a fertilizer which analyzes as follows: Available Phosphoric Acid. .6.22 per cent.x$1.00-4 6.22 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid. .1.50 per ceut.x .20- .30 Ainnonia.3.42 per ceat.x 3.20- 10.94 Potash.7.23 per cent.x 1.10- 7.95 Mixing and Bagging . - 1.50
Commercial value at seaports. $26.91
Or a fertilizer analyzing as follows:
Available Phosphoric Acid . .8 per cent.x$1.00-$ 8.00 Anunionia.2 per cent.x 3.20- 6.40 Potash .2 per cent.x 1.10- 2.20 Mixing and Bagging. - 1.50
Commercial value at seaports. $1,S.10
The above valuations are for cash for materials delivered at Florida seaports, and they can be bought in oneton lot-, at these prices at the date of issuing this Bulletin. Whpre fertilizers are bought at interior points, the additional freight to that point must be added.
If purchased in carload lots for cash, a reduction of ten per cent. can be made in above valuations, i. e.:
Available Phosphoric Acid . 90 cents per unit Potash (KO) . 99 cents per unit Ammonia (or equivalent in nitrogen). .$2.88 per unit
The valuations and market prices in preceding illustrations are based on market prices for one-ton lots.
STATE VALUES.
It is not intended by the "State valuation" to fix the price er commercial value of a given brand. The "State values" are the market prices for the various approved chemicals and materials used in mixing or manufacturing commercial fertilizers or commercial stock feed at the date of issuin-, a Bulletin, or the opening of the "season.11 They may, but seldom do, vary from the market prices., and are made liberal to meet any slight advance or decline.
They are compiled from price lists and commercial reports by reputable dealers and journals.
The question is frequently asked: "What is 'Smith's Fruit and Vine' worth per ton?" Such a question cannot be answered categorically. By analysis, the ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash may be determined, and the inquirer informed what the cost of the necessary material to compound a ton of goods similar to "Smith's Fruit and Vine" would be, using none but accepted and well known materials of the best quality.
State values do not consider "trade secrets," loss on bad bills, cost of advertisements and expenses of collections. The "State value" is simply that price at whicit the various ingredients necessary o use in compounding a fertilizer, or feed, can be pitrehased for cash in ton lots at Florida seaports.
These price lists in one and ten-ton lots are published in this report, with the "State values" for 1910 deducted therefrom.
COMPOSITION OF FERTILIZER MATERIALS.
NITROGENOUS MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Ammonia Phosphoric
Acid Potash
Nitrate of Soaa . 17 to 191 . I . Sulphate of Ammonia . 21 to 24 .
Dried Blood . . 12 to 17 . Concentrated Tankage . 1 12 to 151 1 to 21 .
Bone Tankage . . . 6 to 9 10 to 151 . Dried Fish Scrap . . .8 to 11 6 to 81 .
Cotton Seed Meal . 7 to 10 2 to 31 1 to 2
Hoof Meal . 13 to 171 1 to 2:.
PHOSPHATE MATERIALS.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Available Insoluble
Ammonia 'hos. Ad Phosphoric
Acid
Florida Pebble Phosphate. . . 26 to 32 Florida Rock Phosphate. 33 to 35
Florida Super Phosphate. 14 to 19, 1 to 36
Ground Bone .3t 6 5 to 8i 15 to 17
Steamed Bone . 3 to 4 6 to 9, 10 to 20
Dissolved Bone . . 2 to 4J 13 to 151 2 to 3
POTASH MATERIALS AND FARM MANURES.
POUNDS PER HUNDRED
Actual Phosphoric
Potash Ammonia Aci Lime
hAcid Lm
Muriate of Potash .I 50 . . .I . Sulphate of Potash . 148 to 52 I . Carbonate of Potash . 55 to 30 1 . . Nitrate of Potash . 40 to 44 12 to 16 . . Double Sul. of Pot. & Mag 26 to 30. Kalnit .112. to 124. Sylvinit. 116 to 20 . . Cotton Seed Hull Ashes.115 to 30 .7 to 9 10
Wood Ashes, unleached.1 2 to 8 . 1 to 2 . Wood Ashes. leached . 1 to 2 . . to. I 35 to 40 Tobhern Stems . . 5 to 8 2 to 4 .,I 3j
Cow Manure (fresh) . 0.40 0to0.41 0.16 0.31
Horse Manure (fresh). 0.53 0to0.60 0.28 0.31
Sheep Manure (fresh) . 0.67 1.00 0.23 0.33
Hog Manure (fresh) . I 0.60 0.55 0.19 0.3)S
9en Dung (fresh). 0.85 2.07 1.54 0.24
4,ixed Stable Manure . * 0.63 0.76 0.26 0.70
FACTORS FOR CONVERSION.
To convertAmmonia into nitrogen, multiply by . 0.824 Ammonia into protein, multiply by . 5.15 Nitrogen into ammonia, multiply by . 1.214 Nitrate of soda into nitrogen, multiply by . 16.47 Nitrogen into protein, multiply by . 6.25 Bone phosphate into phosphoric acid, multiply by 0.458 Phosphoric acid into bone phosphate, multiply by 2.184 Muriate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.632 Actual potash into muriate of potash, multiply by 1.583 Sulphate of potash into actual potash, multiply by 0.541 Actual potash into sulphate of potash, multiply by 1.85 Nitrate of potash into notrogen, multiply by. .0.139 Carbonate of potash into actual potash,multiply by 0.681 Actual potash into carbonate of potash,multiply by 1.466 ChlOrine. in "kainit," multiply potash (KO) by. 2.33
For instance, you buy 95 per cent. of nitrate of soda and want to know how much nitrogen is in it. multiply 95 per cent by 16.47, you will get 15.65 per cent. nitrogen; you want to know how much ammonia this nitrogen is equivalent to, then multiply 15.65 per cent. by 1.214 and you gel 18.99 per cent., the equivalent in ammonia.
Or, to convert 90 per cent. carbonate of potash into actual potash (K20), multiply 90 by 0.681, equals 61.29 per cent. actual potash (K,0).
COPIES OF THE FERTILIZER AND STOCK FEED LAWS.
Citizens interested in the fertilizer and stock feed laws of the State, and desiring to avail themselves of their protection, can obtain copies free of charge by sending for same to the Commissioner of Agriculture.
COPIES OF THE PURE FOOD AND DRUG LAW.
Copies of the Pure Food and Drug Law, rules and regulations, standards, blanks, etc., can be obtained from the Commissioner of Agriculture.
SPECIAL SAMPLES.
It is shown by the number of "Special Samples" (those sent in direct by the purchaser of fertilizers or feeds) that the law is becoming more generally understood by the farmer, fruit and vegetable grower. Purchasers who have any reason to doubt the correctness of the guarantee on the goods furnished them, should not hesitate to send in samples for an anftlysis.
This right to have a sample of the goods purchased analyzed by the State Chemist, under Section 9 of the law -without charge -the inspection fees covering the cost of analysis, as well as inspection-has doubtless had a direct influence upon the increased quality of the goods sold in the State. When properly drawn, sealed, witnessed and transmitted, the "Special Sample" has proved a safeguard to the consumer, legitimate dealer and mianufacturer, and a check upon the careless, ignorant, or fraudulent vendor or manufacturer.
It furnishes the consumer with the samie protection dcnmanded by the manufacturer, who buys his materials only upon the guarantee, and pays for in according to analysis.
By far the largest amount of commercial fertilizers used in Florida are manufactured or mixed by factories in the State. Large amounts of fertilizing materials are imported direct by factories and dealers located at our seaport cities; cargoes of potash salts direct from Germany are now frequently received by Florida importers, while large amounts of acid phosphate are manufactured at and exported from the various Gulf and Atlantic ports.
Florida consumers may now purchase their fertilizers and chemicals at Florida seaports as cheaply as at any of the seaports of the country.
Tables of the average composition of feeds and fertilizer materials will be found in this Bulletin. The consumer should consult them, compare the guarantee tag therewith, and if doubtful of the truthfulness of the "9guarantee,"1 send a "Special Sample" in a tin can to the Commissioner of Agriculture for analysis, as directed in regulations governing the taking and sending of special samples-on another page.
55
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL
FEEDSTUFFS.
4-:
C
9.35
20.00
7.50
8.40 9.00
5.40 7.80 5.60
2.10 1.90 30.10 6.60
4.05
5.70
12.10 2.70 10.90 6.10
39.70 22.90
35.70 36.10
15.40 15.40 16.90
14.60 10.50 9.70
2.40 8.50 10.50
10.50 8.70
12.40 27.20
28.60 37.10
36.00 36.70 53.90
59.40 54.40 59.80 69.60 68.70
54.90 64.80 65.30
64.20 61.70 69.80
42.70
NAME OF FEED
Bright Cott'n Seed Meal Dark Cotton Seed Meal Linseed Meal, old process .
Linseed Meal, new process . Wheat Bran . Wheat Middlings . Mixed Feed (Wheat). Ship Stuff (Wheat). Corn (grain) . Corn Meal . Corn Cobs . Corn and Cob Meal . Hominy Feed . Corn and Oats, equal
parts.
Corn and Oat Feeds. Barley (grain) . Barley Sprouts . . . Barley and Oats, equal
parts
5.80 5.00
5.30 5.20 5.80 3.20 5.30 3.70 1.50
1.40 1.40 1.50 2.55
2.20 3.20
2.40 6.30 2.70
12.10 64.75
5 6
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS- (ConUnued.)
NAME OF FEED.
P 0 6Q C m
k t., 4-1 Pri -1
Q P4 X
Oats (grain) . 9.50 11-80 59.70 5.00 3.00 Oat Feed . 6.10 16.00 59.40 7.10 3.70 Rice (grain) . 0.20 7.40 79.20 0.40 0.40 Rice Bran . 9.50 12.10 49.90 8.80 10.00 Rice Hulls . 35.70 3.60 38-60 0.70 13.20 Rye (grain) . 1.70 10.60 72.50 1.70 1.90 Rye Bran . 3.50 14.70 63.80 2.80 3.60 Wheat (grain) . 1.80 11.90 71.90 2.10 1.80 Cow Pea . 4.10 20.80 55.70 1.40 3.20 Cow Pea Hay . 20.10 16.60 42.20 2.,20 7.50 Velvet Beans and Hulls 9.20 19.70 51.30 4.50 3.30 Velvet Bean Hay . 29.70 14.70 41.00 1.70 5.70 Beggarweed Hay . 24.70 21.70 30.20 2.30 10.90 Wire Grass Hay . 31.80 5.50 48.60 1.50 3.80 Cotton Seed (whole). 23.20 18.40 24.70 19.90 3.50 Cotton Seed Hulls . 44.40 4.00 36.60 2.00 2.60 Gluten Feed . . . 5.30 24.00 51.20 10.60 1.10 Beef Scrap . . . . 44.70 3.28 14.75 29.20
COMMERCIAL STATE VALUES OF FEEDSTUFFS FOR 1910.
For the season of 1910 the following "State values" are fixed as a guide to purchasers.
These values are based on the current price of corn, which has been chosen as a standard in fixing the commercial values; the price of corn, to a large extent, governing the price of other feeds, pork, beef, etc.:
CO-MMERCIAL VALUES OF FEEDSTUFF5 FOR 1910.
Protein, 34 cents per pound .65 cents per unit Starch and Sugar, 1j cents per pound. .30 cents per unit Fats, 31 cents per pound .65 cents per unit
A unit being 20 pounds (1 per cent) of a ton.
Indian corn being the standard @ $31.00 per ton.
To find the commercial State value, multiply the percentages by the price per unit.
EXAMPLE NO. 1.
HOMINY FEEDProtein . 10.50 x 65c, $ 6.83 Starch and Sugar .65.30 x 30c, 19.59 Fat. 7.85 x 65c, 5.10
State value per ton .$31.52
EXAMPLE No. 2.
CORN
Protein . 10.50 x 65c, $ 6.83 Starch and Sugar .69.60 x 30c, 20.88 Fat . 5.40 x 65c, 3.51
State value per ton. $31.22
FORMULAS.
There are frequent inquiries for formulas for various crops; there are hundreds of such formulas published; and while there are hundreds of "Brands" the variations in these grades are surprisingly little. Dozens of "Brands" put up by the same manufacturer are identical goods, the only difference being in the name printed on the tag or sack. A good general Formula for field or garden might be called a "Vegetable Formula," and would have the following: Ammonia 31 per cent, available phosphoric acid 61 per cent, and potash 7j per cent. The following formulas will furnish the necessary plant food in about the above proportion. I have purposely avoided the use of any fraction of 100 pounds in these formulas to simplify them. Values are taken from price lists furnished by the trade, which we published in our Report of January 1, 1910.
For Cotton, Corn, Sweet Potatoes, and Vegetables: Ammonia 3j per cent, available phosphoric acid 6j per cent, potash 7j per cent.
(A) "VEGETABLE."
No. 1.
Per Cent.
900 pounds of Cotton Seed Meal (7j-2j-1j) . 3.25 Ammonia 800 pounds of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.) . 6.40 Available 300 1 ounds of Muriate (or Sulphate) (50 per cent) 7.50 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $26.55
Plant Food per ton . 343 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
1000 lbs of Blood and Bone (60) . 3.25 Ammonia 400 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 7.00 Avail Phos. 600 lbs of Low Grade Snip. Pot. (26 per ct.) 7.80 Potash
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $27.48
Plant Food per ton . 360 pounds
59
No. 3.
Per Cent.
300 lbs of Dried Blood (16 per cent.) . 13.25 Ammonia 100 lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent.). . A 1000 lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.) . 7.800 Availablesh 600 lbs of Low Grade Sulp. Pot. (26 per ct.) 7
2000
State value mixed and bagged . $28.48
Plant Food per ton . 381 pounds
(B) "FRUIT AND VINE."
No. 1.
Fruits, Melons, Strawberries, Irish Potatoes: Ammonia 4 per cent., Available Phosphoric Acid 7 per cent., Potash 10 per cent.
1000 100 600
400
2000
500
200 900 400
2000
00
100 100 900 400
2000
Per Cent.
lbs of Blood and Bone (6j-8) . 4m n
lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per eent.). 4 Ammonia lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent). 8 Available lbs of Muriate of Potash (50 per ct.).J 10 Potash
State value mixed and bagged . $33.30 Plant Food per ton . 440 pounds
No. 2.
Per Cent.
lbs of Castor Pomace (6-2 per cent.) . 4 Ammonia lbs of Sulp. of Am. (25 per cent.). 770 Avaia lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 770 Available lbs of Sulp. of Pot. (48 per cent.) . 9.60 Potash
State value mixed and bagged . $32.56
Plant Food per ton . 426 pounds
No. 3.
Per Cent.
lbs of Cotton Seed Meal (71-21-1) . . lbs of Nitrate of Soda (17 per cent.).t 3.97 Ammonia lbq of Sulp. of Am. (25 per cent.) . 8.30 Available lbs of Acid Phosphate (16 per cent.). 8.97 Potash lbs of SuIp. of Potash (48 per cent.). I
State value mixed and bagged . $32.18 Plant Food per ton . 425 pounds
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FERTILIZER SECTION.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910. L. HEieBUcE, Assistant Chemist.
Samples taken by Purchaser Under Section 9, Act Approved May 22, 1901.
NAME, OR BRAND. 0 W
'n
Fertilizer . 120121 4.71 Fertilizer . 2013 . Fertilizer . 20141 11.12 Fertilizer . 2015 7.52 Palmetto Ashes . 12016 . Blood and Bone . 2017 . Fertilizer . 2018 8.32 Fertilizer . 2019. Fertilizer . 2020. Fertilizer No. 1 . 2021 .
Nitrate of Soda (?) (Pot. Salt) 12022! . Fertilizer . 120231 .
Phosphoric Acid.
a)
- C)
.0
.5 0
CC C
- Cl)
- C
- - L.
BY \VHOM SENT.
1 1
7.78J 3.381 11.161 1.73 16.46 A. B. Bryan, Bowling Green, Fla.
5.48 1.19 6.67' 4.201 6.76 J. E. Wilson, Ft. Meade, Fla.
7.52 1.89 9.41 4.80 6.24 James Campbell, Longwood, Fla. 7.18 0.32 7.50 3.8, 11.801 A. S. Alfred, St. Petersburg, Fla. . . . 2.38 D. E. Haywood, West Palm Beach, Fla. . . . 5.59! 11.151 . John H. Blake, Tampa, Fla. 8.031 0.10 8.131 4.36 10.43 H. A. Perry, Pomona, Fla.
3.23 10.40 13.63 4.981 4.39 1H. W. Smith, Zolfo, Fla.
6.60 1.481 8.08 4.021 5.25 R. L. Coward, Ona, Fla.
2.97 10.49 13.46 4.65' 8.57 Lewis, Baldwin & Co., Bowling Green, I I Fla.
. 1. Trace.I . H. C. Hadley, Ft. Myers, Fla.
5.821 1.13 6.95] 4.271 8.49 W. C. McCall, Miami, Fla.
Fertilizer No. 2 . 2024 . 11.601 0.091 11.69
1-rtiizer . 12025 12.54 10.58' 0.80 11.38 D ried Blood . 2026 . . . . I . Fertilizer No. 1 . 2027 7.53 9.21 2.061 11.z7 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2028 8.98 5.11 0.92 6.03 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2029 7.63 5.48 1.42 6.90 Fertilizer . 2030 8.46 6.94 0.49 7.43 Ashes "A" . . 2031 . . . . . Ashes "B" . . 2032 . Fertilizer . 2033 9.75 G.60 1.88 8.48 Fertilizer . 12034 6.95 6.52 3.62 10.14 Fertilizer . 2035 10.75 6.45 0.82 7.27
-cid Phosphate No. 1 . 2036 . 14.28 0.27 14.55 Acid Phosphate No. 2 . 2037 . 16.04 0.30 16.34 Cotton Seed Meal . 2038. . . Fertilizer . 2039 6.46 6.95 1.19 8.14 Fertilizer, "Oats" . . 2040 6.13 9.96 0.07 10.03 Fertilizer, "Vegetable" . 2041 8.55 6.09 1 .09 718 Ashes, "X. .2042. . .
Fertilizer No. 1 . 2043 6.01 6.72 0.40 7.12 Fertilizer "B. S. F. C.". . 2044 8.91! 11.31 1.22 12.53 Fertilizer . 2045 5.58 4.61 5.20 9.81 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2046 8.34 15.30 0.07 15.37 Dried Blood . 2047 . . . . Muriate of Potash . 2048. . . H. G. Sulphate of Potash . 12049 . L. G. Sulphate of Potash . 12050 . Fertilizer No. 1 . 2051. . 7.18 0. 35 7.52 Fertilizer No. 2 . 12052. . 9.00 0.12 9.12 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2053 3.611 2.56 9.69 12.25 F rtilizer . 2,054 7.41 7.37 1.70 9.07
2.98! 7.06 Lewis, Baldwin & Co., Bowling Green, Fla.
5.26k7.62V. I. Carrier, Crescent City, Fla. 15.0 . I Joe Cameron, Sanfcrd, Fla.
5.09 5.5SI C. S Bushnell, Arcadia, Fla.
5.47 10.88j F. A. Bucles, - lant City, Fla. 5. 62 10.90 F. A. Buckles, Plant City, Fla.
3.47 8.80 G. Douet, Astatula, Fla.
4.79 Geo. L. Maris, Sanford, Fla.
.0.87 Geo. L. Manis, Sanford, Fla.
4.84 5.95 James McKay, Boynton, Fla. 2.44 13.13 Lewis & Co., Kathleen, Fla.
2.98 9.13 C. B. Gwynn, Tallahassee, Fla. . . L. Heimburger, Tallahassee, Fla.
. . L. Heimlburger, Tallahassee, Fla. 8.001.Geneva Lumber Co., Eleanor, Fla
4.301 7.S9 1. N. Cochran, Ona, Fla.
2.60 4.29j C. B. Gwynn, Tallahassee, Fla. 4.08 8.361 C B. Gwynn, Tallahassee, Fla. . 6.42 F. F. Dutton, Sanford, Fla.
5.98 7.93 Spencer Smith, Arcadia, Fla.
4.60 6.63 J. P. Coward, Crescent City, Fla.
6.50 6.61 Geo. A. Butler, Tavares, Fla. 1.00, 2.04 Spencer Smith, Arcadia, Fla. 16.35 .Ocala Fertz. Co., Ocala, Fla. . 50.64 Ocala Fertz. Co., Ocala, Fla.
. 50.64 Ocala Fertz. Co., Ocala, Fla. . 26.44 Ocala Fertz. Co., Ocala, Fla.
4.42 7.89 Ocala Fertz. Co., Ocala, Fla. 5.13 8.43 Ocala Fertz Co., Ocala, Fla. 4.18 10.69 C. S. Bushnell, Arcadia, Fia.
3.83 3.23 E. Patrick, Turkey Creek, Fla.
i
i
NAME, OR BRAND.
Fertilizer, "Wilson's Special". 2055] Acid Phosphate No. 1 . 20561 Acid Phosphate No. 2 . 2057 Acid Phosphate . 2058 Kainit . 2059 Fertilizer . 2060 Fertilizer . 2061 Kainit No. 1. 2062 Kainit No. 2 .2063
Fertilizer No. 3 .1 2064 Palmetto Ashes . 2065 Fertilizer . 2066 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2067 Fe tilizer No. 2 . 2068 Acid Phosphate No. 3 . 2069 Fertilizer, "Tomato No. 1". 2070 Fertilizer, "Tomato No. 2". 2071 Fertilizer, "Deli Tabakimert" 2072 K pinit . 2073 Fertilizer . 2074
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES,
. 6.42
9.88~ 6 .91 . 10.34
10.25 14.21 3.53
. 1 5.47
7.711 5.88 . .17
0.13 10.22 0.41 17.30 0.08 17.50 0.21 16.13
0.99 13.06 0.0 9.93
0.05 6.47
2.46' 9.37 0.94 11.28 0.90 11.15
1.80 16.01 0.49 4.02 4.02 9.49 0.0, 5.94 �. .:
2.84
1.53 1.,40
4.04 5.23
2.45 2.24
5.95
6.45
BY WHOM SENT.
3
3.53 A. L. Wilson & Co., Quincy, Fla. . A. L. Wilson & Co., Quincy, Fla. . A . Wilson & Co., Quincy, Fla. . J. H. McClinton, Ft. White, Fla. 13.42 J. IT McClinton, Ft. White, Fla. 1.76 W. R. Booth, Campbellton, Fla. 14.89 R. F. Kleisen, Yalaha, Fla. 13.88 A. L. Beck, Orlando, Fla. 13.67 A. L. Beck, Orlando, Fla. 12.10 A. L. Beck, Orlando, Fla.
3.35, L. B. Thompson, Pensacola, Fla.
8.241 C. B. Morrow, Crescent City, Fla.
1.57 Milton Cash Store, Milton, Fla.
1.71 Milton Cash Store, Milton, Fla. . Milton Cash Store, Milton, Fla. 10.04 Walter Waldin, Miami, Fla. 6.32 Walter Waldin, Miami, Fla.
10.01 C. G. A. Griek, Tallahassee, Fla. 14.33 Ja-. X. Towles, Athena, Fla.
3.24 T. J. Ruff, Ft. White, Fla.
1910-Continued.
Ka'nlt . 2075 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2076
Fertilizer No. 2 . 2077
Fertilizer No. 3 . 2078
Fertilizer No. 4 . 2079
Fertilizer No. 5 . 2080
Dried Blood . 2081 Fertilizer, "Potato Special". 2082 Colton Seed Meal . 2083 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2084 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2085 Fertilizer No. 3 . 2086 Fertilizer, "Celery Special". 12087 Fertilizer . 2088 Fertilizer, "C. B. & Q. 92530". 2089 Fertilizer, "Grand Trunk 2090 10980" . Fertilizer, "A.T. & S. F. 28910" 2091 Dried Blood . 2092 T rtilizer . 20931 Fertilizer No. 1 . 2094 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2095 Fertilizer No. 3 . 20961 Fertilizer No. 4 . 2097 Cotton Seed Meal, "C. M. & 5. 2098!
P. No. 18110". I
. . 13.881T. J. Ruff, Ft. White, Fla.
6.51 6.09 1.07 7.16 5.45 8.721 The Armour Fertz. Co., Jacksonville, I Fla.
6.03 8.36 0.24 8.60 4.32 12.82 The Armour Fertz. Co., Jacksonville,
4 .Fla.
8.47. 6.62 0.68 7.30 3.01 10.71 The Armour Fertz. Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
5.82 6.21 0.58 6.79 3.24 8.49 The Armour Fertz. Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
5.44, 5.46 1.10 6.56 5.19 5.62 The Armour Fertz. Co., Jacksonville, I I I Fla.
. . . 15.53 . A. L. Beck, Orlando, Fla.
. 7.32 2.73 10.05 4.01 12.22 J. W. Teasley, Tampa, Fla.
. . 7.28 . John J. Evans, Evans, Fla.
11. 731 8".80 0.15 8.95 2.50 2.15 C. A. Green, Milton, Fla. 13.40 9.40 0.55 9.95 1.83 2.97 C. A. Green, Milton, Fla. 12.191 9.77 1.46 11.23 3.58 2.19 C. A. Green, Milton, Fla.
. 6.20 3.95 10.15 6.531 5.8 .J. W. Teasley, Tampa, Fla.
8.12 1.06 9.181 2.97 2.371 R. F. Howard, Tallahassee, Fla.
7.121 8.72 1.02 9.74 4.89 8.50 Munroe & Chambliss, Ocala, Fla. 7.54 7.70 1.45 9.15 4.95 8.61 ATunroe & Chambliss, Ocala, Fla.
6.79 9.42 1.50 10.92 4.701 7.89 Munroe & Chambliss, Ocala, Fla. . 16.261 . I A. L. Beck, Orlando, Fla.
8.67 5.78 1.73 7.51 4.97 9.19 1W. A. Varn, Bartow, Fla.
7.92 8.30 0.02 8.32 4.47 11.77 J. J. Stephens, Castalia, Fla. 5.98 8.11 0.12 8.23 4.25 12.33 J. J. Stephens, Castalia, Fla. 16.o8l 6.72 1.09 7.81 3.60 6.17 J. J. Stephens, Castalia, Fla. 19.03 6.35 1.15 7.50 3.14 7.05 J. J. Stephens, Castalia, Fla.
. . 7.361 . Am. Sumatra Tobacco Co., Quincy, III Fla.
SPECIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND. F
Cotton Seed Meal, "L. & N. 2099
10328" . .
Cotton Seed Meal, "S. A. L. 2100
24772" . .
Cotton Seed Meal, "A. C. L. 2101
23157.
Fertilizer . . 2102 Fertilizer No. I . 2103 Fertilizer No. 2 . 2104 Fertilizer . 2105 cotton Seed Meal No. 1 . 2106
Cotton Seed Meal No. 2 . 2107
Thomas Slag Phosphate, "Sou. 2108 11475." . Cotton Seed Meal, "L. & N. 2109 12218" . Cotton Seed Meal, "I. 0. 2110 14534". . I
C
04
~d 4
0
a .c
S S z
BY WHOM SENT.
732 . Am. Sumatra Tobacco Co., Quincy,
8.01 . Am. Sumatra Tobacco Co., Quincy,
7.15 . Fla.
7.15. Am. Sumatra Tobacco Co., Quincy,
Fla.
2.18 11.21 Names MeVicker, Cobb, Fla.
2.15 1.641 J. F. Lannous, Galloway, Fla. 1.871 1.59 J. F. Lannous, Galloway, Fla. o.381 13.63 A. J. Mixson, Williston, Fla.
7.49. Gadsden Shade Tobacco Co., Quincy,
Fla.
7.48 . Gadsden Shade Tobacco Co., Quincy,
. Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
6.92 . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
7.011 . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
I
Cotton Seed Meal, "Sou.12111 13983" . . Cotton Seed Meal, "A. C. L. 2112 23157 . Cotton Seed Meal, "P. R. R. 2113 4783" . . Cotton Seed Meal, "M. P. 2114 39010" . . Fertilizer . 2115 Fertilizer . 2116
.I. . . . . .l. . .
8.81
7.41
7.54 8.29
0.37 0.16
7.91 8.45
6.95 . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. 7.19! . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. 6.96 . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla. 7.17! . Kraus, McFarlin Co., Quincy, Fla.
4.951 9.03 A. H. Perry, Pomona, Fla.
3.30! 11.441 John T. Richards, Orlando, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FERTILIZER SECTION.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. OFFICIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910. L. HEIMBURGER, Assistant Chemist.
Samples Taken by State Chemist Under Sections 1 and 2, Act Approved May 22, 1905.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND. I 6
Nitrate of Potash . 1452 Guarant'd Analysisl . . I.
Official Analysis. Bean Fertilizer . 11453 Guarant'd Analysis 10.001 5.00 1.00 .
I Official Analysis.! 8.011 5.27 0.92 6.19 Mares' Fruit and Vine 1454 Guarant'd Analysis1 10.001 5.00 2.00 . Manure . I Official Analysis. 8.631 5.32 3.72 9.04 Mapes' Vegetable Manure. 1455IGuarant'd Analysis 12.00 6.00 2.00 .
Official Analysis 9.601 5.91 8.69 9.601 H. G. Blood and Bone. 11456 Guarant'd Analysis 10.001 8.00 1.501 .
I Official Analysis. . 1 2.52 1.37j 8.891
C BY WHOM AND WHERE
MANUFACTURED.
15.001! 43.001E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co., 14.25 42. 641 Jacksonville, Fla.
5.00 5.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks.,
4.92 5.82 Jacksonville, Fla.
2.00 10.00 Mapes' For. & Peruvian 2.79 11.44 Guano Co., New York.
5.0,0 4.00 Mapes' For. & Peruvian 5.431 5.66/ Guano Co., New York.
10.00. Independent Fertz. Co.,
10.591. I Jacksonville, Fla.
H. G. Sulphate of Potash. 1457 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Dried Blood . 11458 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Hard Wood Ashes . 1459 Guarant'd Analysis I Official Analysis.
H. G. Acid Phosphate . 1460 Guarant'd Analysis I Official Analysis.
Prime Bright Cotton Seed 1461 Guarant'd Analysis
Meal . .Official Analysis.
H. G. Ky. Tobacco Stems. 1462 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Favorite Non-Ammoniated 1463Guarant'd Analysis
Special . . Official Analysis.
Simon Pure Tomato . 1464 Guarant'd Analysis I Official Analysis.
Simon Pure Rose Special. 1465 Guarant'd Analysis 10ficial Analysis.
I
Simon Pure No. 1 . 1466IGuarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Gem Special . 1467 Guarant'd Analysis 'Official Analysis.
10.001 . . . . 48.00 Independent Fertz. Co.,
S50 .8 8 J a c k so n v ille , F la .
12.001 . 16.00. . Independent Fertz. Co.,
. . 17.24 . Jacksonville, Fla.
15.00 . . . .4.0,0 Independent Fertz. Co., . . . . . . 2.25 Jacksonville, Fla. 10.001 16.00 0.50.Independent Fertz. Co.,
j. 18.79 0.02 18.81 . .Jacksonville, Fla.
1 - 7.50 Independent Fertz. Co.,
7.62.Jacksonville, Fla.
. . . . . . 7.6j! . Jacksonville, Fla.
10.001 . . 2.00, 7.00 Independent Fertz. Co., . . . . 2.58 9.64 Jacksonville, Fla. 10.00 10.00' 1.00.11.00 Independent Fertz. Co.,
8.17 10.37 0.17 10.54 . 10.97 Jacksonville, Fla.
8.001 4.00 3.00 . 5.00 9.00 E. 0. PainLer Fertz. Co.,
6.651 6.03 2.52 8.55 5.961 9.97 Jacksonville, Fla.
8.001 2.50 1.75 . 4.50 5.25 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
8.26 4.41 1.50j 5.91 5.30 7.60 Jacksonville, Fla.
8.001 6.00 1.004. 4.00 12.00 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
6.981 5.80 0.03 5.83 4.05 13.13 Jacksonville, Fla.
5.001 5.00 3.00!. 4.00 6.00 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
5.631 6.33 0.251 6.581 4.35 6.67 Jacksonville, Fla.
OFFICIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
NAME, OR BRAND.
10 0
Gem Fruit and Vine . 1468 Simon Pure No. 2 . 1469 Sulrhate of Ammonia . 1470 Lawn Special . 11471 Seminole Tree Grower . 1472 W. & T.'s Special Fruit and 1473 Vine Manure . Williams & Clark Fruit and 1474 Vine .
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
I
8.00 6.21
8.001
5.79 10.001
9.01 10.00 6.81
Phosphori
c Acid.
Q5
Cd0 . 0
.Ei
6.00 1.001. . 6.57 1.05 7.62 6.00 2.00 . 6.79 2.06 8.85 .: . .
7.00 1.00 . 6.13 0.33 6.46 6.00.
6.45 0.861 7.31
6.001 1.00 . 7.18 0.11 7.29 5.50 3.00 .
6.321 0.981 7.301
BY WHOMANDWHERE
MANUFACTURED.
3.00 10.00 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
3.32 11.17 Jacksonville, Fla.
4.00 6.00 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
4.72 7.97 Jacksonville, Fla.
25.00 . E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co., 25.80 . Jacksonville, Fla.
6.50 5.00 E. 0. Painter Fertz. Co.,
8.02 8.10 Jacksonville, Fla.
1
4.00 8.001Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 4.04 8.691 Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
4.00 13.00 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 4.26 12.72 Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
2.25 10.00 Am. Agr. Chemical Co.,
2.31 9.81 Jacksonville, Fla.
Bradley Florida Vegetable. 1475]Guarant'd AnalysisI Official Analysis.I
Williams & Clark Florida 1476[Guaraut'd Analysis; Vegetable . . Official Analysis.
Bradley Fruit and Vine. . 1477,Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Lazaretto Early Trucker. 1478Grant'd Analysis Official Analysis .
Williams & Clark Nursery 1479 Guarant'd Analysis
Stock . Official Analysls.
Williams & Clark Special 1480JGuarant'd AnalysFis[
Fruit and Vine . .Official Analysis."
Bradley Orange Tree . 4SI ant'd
Official Analysis.)
Peruvian Orange Tree 1482 rant'd Analysis
Grower . Official AnalysisST)ecial Mixture No. 1 . 14831Guarant'd Analysis
-Official Analysis. !
Ideal Vegetable Manure. 1485,Goarant'd AnalysisI
- [Official Analysis. 1
10.00!
7.75
1
10.001
6.57i
i
8.00 9.71.
10. 01) 9.72,
1.00! 10.11
10. 00 7.51
9.10
8.001 9.86'
8.00[ 9.771
6.00! 6.751
00
7.0 8.191 S. (,.0[5 5. 50 7.051
7.17! 6. (10 6.00 6 . 00, 6'.15! f,29!
1.00! . 1.161 7.95
1 .0o .
0.o o0
0.771 7.09;
2. 00 . 1.51 9.701
1.02! 9.67
1.0!
1.00' 8.71!
0.A 7.851
2.00! . 2.22 8.87
1 .{} . 1.76, 7.93
I
0.95, .4
4.00! 4.261 4.001 4.1 5 2.25
2.44 5.00!
4.821
4.50 4.29 4.251 4.60! a.5o[ 3.70! 5.00! 5 .25! 5.0 20! 4.00
4.51!
5.00JAm. Agr. Chemical Co.
5.70 Jacksonville, Fla.
5.00Am. Agr. Chemical Cc. 4, 2R Jacksonville, Fla.
10.00Am. Agr. Chemical Co. 10.70! Jacksonville, Fla.
5.00!Am. Agr. Cheemical Co.
5.3 1 Jacksonville, Fla.
3.00Am. Agr. Chemical Co.
3.571 Jacksonville, Fla.
10.00! Am. Agr. Chemical Co.,
7.60 Jacksonville, Fla.
500Am. Agr. Chemical Co.,
4.71! Jacksonville, Fla.
8.00 W.'ilson & Toomer Fertz. 10.08" Co., Jacksonville, FIa.
5.001 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 5.661' Co., Jacksonville, Fla
8.00!Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 7.60!' Co., JRcksonvllle, Fla.
OFFICIAL FERTILIZER ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
Phosphoric Acid.
NAME, OR BRAND. 2 ,-. .
C 'C
Ideal Sugar Cane Fertilizer 1486 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 7.00 . .
Official Analysis. 11.25 6.65 1.20 7. Spec. Mixt. for Cowpenned 1487 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 8.0.93.
or Over-Am'oniated Trees Official Analysis. 5.82 8.500 1.93 10. Kainit . 1488,Guarant'd Analysis . . . .
Official Analysis . . Complete Sweet Potato Fer- 1489 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 8.00 1.00 . tilizer . Official Analysis. 13.221 8.33 1.36 9. Armour's Fruit and Vine. 1490 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 6.00 1.001.
Official Analysis. 6.15 6.301 0.281 6. Armour's Blood, Bone and 1491 Guarant'd Analysis 10.001 8.00 1.00
Potash . Official Analysis. 8.481 7.65 2.35 Armour's Vegetable .1492 Guarant'd Analysis 10.00 7.00 2.00 Official Analysis. 9.23 6.93 1.17 8.
CS
0
S
S
85 3.33
43.
2.50
692.68
2.501 671 3.301
5.00 5.10
4.00 10 3.58
BY WHOM AND WHERE
MANUFACTURED.
CS
0
4.00 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 5.49 Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 13.00 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 12.58 Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 12.00 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 15.03 Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
3.50 Wilson & Toomer Fertz. 4.56i Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
11.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks., 11.041 Jacksonville, Fla.
7.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks.,
7.68 Jacksonville, Fla.
6.00 The Armour Fertz.Wk.,
6.63 Jacksonville, Fla.
Special Mixture . 1493 Armour's Practical Trucker 1494 Armour's Orange Fruiter. 1495 Goulding's Bone Compound 1496 Goulding's 16% Acid Phos- 1497
phate .
Cuke Special . 1498 Orange Fruiter . 1499 Orange Tree Grower . 1500
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
. i 8.00 . 9.01 S.77 0.2
10.001 6.00 2.0 8.07 5.80 0.9
10.00 8.00, 1.0 6.33 7.95 0.1
16.001 8.00 2.0 10.22 8.73 1.4
16.00 16.00 2.( . 16.89 0.3
8.00 5.00 1.0 9.64 5.55 0.A
10.00 6.00 1.0 5.871 7.05 0.2
8.00 6.00 1.0 7.671 6.61 0.E
i0.
i2
6.72 2.72
4.001
8.47 4.35
2.001
10.18 3.08
17.25
5.59
7.00 7.30 7.00
7.43
5.00 4.40
4.00 4.64
5.00 5.40
15.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks., 13.36 Jacksonville, Fla.
10.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks., 10.92 Jacksonville, Fla.
12.00 The Armour Fertz.Wks., 11.89 Jacksonville, Fla.
2.00 The Goulding Fertz. Co.,
2.00 Pensacola, Fla.
. The Goulding Fertz. Co.,
Pensacola, Fla.
8.00 The Gulf Fertz. Co., 10.72 Tampa, Fla.
11.00 The Gulf Fertz. Co., 11.07 Tampa, Fla.
6.00 The Gulf Fertz. Co.,
7.37 Tampa, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION. R. E. ROSE, State Chemist. SPECIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910.
Samples Taken by Purchaser Under Section 9, Act Approved
NAME, OR BRAND.
c,
E. PEcK GREENE, Asst. Chemist. May 24, 1905. BY WHOM SENT.
Barley Mixed Oats . Barley Mixed Oats . Rice Bran. . Kornfalfa Feed . Mixed Grain (Oats), No. 6783 . Mixed Grain (Oats), No. 13670 . Ground Corn Ear . Feed N o. 1 . Feed N o. 2 . Corn Shucks . M ixed Oats .
1201 .4511.2!63.l 1.05 121 9.24'll.45163.14! 2.01
122 13.S2i12.15142.i,4 11. 2 123 12.1?!11.7(;!56.92 2.,5 124 8.52 11oAW57.7Si 2.50 125 7.S7111.50 60. 3.L571 126 11.38 7.72165.q5 2.77 127111.55!10.84162. 2 ,.62,
129!32. AI 2.2S.52. 1 1301 9.77!12.925 .72 4.'7
2.97[Ganahl & Saussy, Jacksonville, Fla. 2'4.1Benoker Bros., Pensacola, Fla.
9.50 1. Barksdale, Tampa, Fla.
2.27 Peninsular Naval Stores Co., Tampa, Fla.
3.25,Lewis Bear Co., Pensacola, Fla. 3.20 Lev 4is Bear Co., Pensacola, Fla. !.501R. F. Howard, Tallahassee, Fla. 1.85 R. F. Howard, Tallabassee. Fla. S22 R. F. Hooward, Tallahassee, Fla. 1.67,1. F. Toward, Tallahassee, Fla.
3.151Lews Bear Co., Per -acola, Fla.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FEEDING STUFF SECTION.
R. E. RosE, State Chemist. OFFICIAL FEEDIING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910. E. PECK GREENE, Asst. Chemist.
Samples Taken by State Chemist and State Inspector Under S.'ctions 1, 2 and 13, Act Approved May 24, 1905.
0 ct
NNAME AND ADDRESS OF
Cs MANUFACTURER.
P. - W 5 .3
Fancy Shorts .901 Guarant'd Analysis 7.35 16.0' 59.52 4.32 . Phoenix Flour Mill, Evansville,
Official Analysis. 7.48 17.59 56.46 4.24 4.21 Ind.
90 urn' nlss I w-.
Pine Leaf Middlings. 902 Guarant'd Analysis 6.10 11.75 57.95 4.20 4.10 Cairo Milling Co., Cairo, Ill.
Official Analysis. 6.03 17.85 57.99 4.46 3.53
Middlings . 903JGuarant'd Analysis 5.001 16.00 57.001 4.50.__H. C. Cole Milling Co., ChesOfficial Analysis. 5.181 17.81 58.90 4.21 3.66 ter, Ill.
I9a1
Pure Wheat Middlings. 904 Guarant'd Analysis 4.581 16.04 62.48 4.17 . The Dunlop Milling Co., ClarksOfficial Analysis. 5.02[ 17.90 56.65 5.16 4.31 ville, Tenn.
Heavy Draught Feed . 905 Guaranl'd Analysis . . 10.35 64.431 3.42. United Grocery Co., JacksonOfficial Analysis. 5.57! 10.71 06.64 2.68 2.19 ville, Fla.
"Purity" Bran.906 Guarant'd Analysis. 14.00 54.00 3.50 . Cairo Milling Co., Cairo, Ill.
Official Analysis. 7.81 13.60 57.07 3.78 6.26
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANAL YSES, 1910-Continued.
NAME, OR BRAND.
Victor Feed . Purina Feed . Pure Wheat Shorts . Star Middlings . Barley Mixed Oats . Protena Feed . Lillie Bran . Schumacher Scratch i n g Grains .
907 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
908 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
909 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
910 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
911 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
912 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
913 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis. .
914 Guarant'd Analysis
Official Analysis.
12.00 10.13
8.90 11.19
6.00 5.88
8.00
8.61
9.35
9.701 12.911
8.501 8.841
1
4.50 2.841
0
7.50 10.00 12.50 12.02 16.00 15.55 15.00 16.32
11.27
12.00 11.27
15.00 15.01 10.50
62.00 63.42 58.00
57.53 48.00 58.42 54.00 55.10
62.86
57.00 59.91 56.50
57.12 64.00 70.981
NAME AND ADDRESS OF MANUFACTURER.
!
3.00 . The Quaker Oats, Co., Chicago,
3.27 3.50 Ill.
4.00 . Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis,
4.75 3.79 Mo.
4.00 . Liberty Mills, Nashville, Tenn.
3.64 3.68
4.00 . Star & Crescent Milling Co.,
4.53 4.80 Chicago, Ill.
.Atlantic & Gulf Grocery Co.,
2.99 2. 86 Jacksonville, Fla.
3.80 . Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis,
3.60 3.17 Mo.
4.00 . Lillie Mill Co., Franklin, Tenn.
3.11 5.77
3.00 . The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,
2.19 2.00 111.
Stafolife Feed . 915 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Nutriline . 916 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Vim Horse Feed . 917 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis. Cotton Seed Meal . 918 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Cotton Seed Meal . 919 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Cotton Seed Meal . 920 Guarantd Analysis Official Analysis.
Globe Gluten Feed.921 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Stafolife Feed . 922 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Protena.923 Guarant'd Analysis Official Analysis.
Pure Wheat Middlings . 924 Guarant'd Analysis' Official Analysis.
Sugaration Stock Feed . 925 Guarant'd Analysis I fflialAnalysis.
12.75 12.99
10.001 8.44 10.50
10.10 10.98,
8.161
8.231 12.75! 14.051
i
9.70
10.701 6 121
11.*001 8.06
11.00 53.00 6.00 . Lawrence & Hamilton Feed 10.66 55.45 4.72 5.60 Co., New Orleans, La.
12.001 58.00[ 3.50 . Nutriline Milling Co., Crowley, 13.51I 56.081 4.001 7.221 La.
10.00 60.00 3.75 . The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 10.71 61.75 1.54 4.09 ill. 38.62 . . Georgia Cotton Oil Co., Macon,
2.80 35.14 6.49 5.51 Ga.
38.62 .Grovania Fertilizer & Oil Co., 39.261 31.35 8.75 6041 Grovania, Ga.
38.62 . . Vienna Cotton Oil Co., Vienna, 37.29 33.411 6.98 5.94' Ga.
24.00 31.00 2.50 . Corn Products Refining Co., 26.32 51.48 2.15 3.12 New York, N. Y.
11.00 53.001 6.00. Lawrence & Hamilton Feed Co.,
11.97 52.36 3.98 8.421 New Orleans, La.
12.00! 57.00 3.80. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, 11.581 59.10 4.30 3.72 Mo.
15.00 56.00 6.40. Maney Milling Co., Omaha,
17.55 57.33 4.64 4.45 Neb.
11.651 64.40 4.00. Inter-State Milling Co., Mem10.44; 66.85 3.05 4.011 phls, Tenn.
NAME, OR BRAND.
Sucrene Dairy Feed . Barley Mixed Oats. Forest City Feed Meal . Sugaration Stock Feed. Pure Wheat Middlings . Star Middlings . Bran and Shorts . Alfalfa Mea .
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUiFF ANALYSES, 1910--Continued.
:l NAME AND ADDRESS OF
' ." r--, MANUFACTURER.
O. 8 3
I1 m
926iGuarant'dAnalysisl 12.00! 16.50 46.00 9.50 . American Milling Co., OwensOfficial Analysis. 10.81 17.29 49.83 z. 81 9.761 boro, Ky.
927 Giarant'd Analysis? 11.001 10.00 40.00 1.00 . R. R. Detre, Philadelphia, Pa.
Official Analysis. .1 11. 12 10.5 31.1 3.51 3.421
928 Guarant'd Analysis 92.00 30.00 4.00 . The Southern Cotton Oil Co.,
Official Analysis. 18.73i 251 38.38 6.25 4.69 Savannah, Ga.
929C uarant'd Analysisl 11.001 11. 05 64.40 4.90 . Inter-State Milling Co., MerOfficial Analysis. 10.58? 17.291 51. 3.50 5.12 phis, Tenn.
930 Guarant'd Analysisj 8.001 16.G00 40.00 5.00 . 'Taylor-Greer Grain Co., MemOfficial Analysis. I 7.73f 7 0,1 54.741 4. 0 4.42' phis, Tenn.
931 Guarantfd Analysis I 1 . 001 I.Of)4 . . & Crescent Milling Co.,
Official Analysis. 6.85 i I .27, 5 .1 2 1.021 4.271 Chicago, Ill.
932jGuarant'd Analysis 8.00i 1-1.50? 5.12 4.00 . Atlanta Milling Co., Atlanta, Official Analysis. 5.79 15.0,)[ FS.95 4.17 4.62? Ga.
9�3'Guarant'd Anly . . . I Tornfalfa Feed Milling Co.,
]Official Analysis'. 31.10 10.4,q 37.38' 1.1.01 6.77[ Kansas City, Mo.
Cotton Seed Meal . Mill Feed Compound . Cotton Seed Meal . Ceralfa Stock Feed . Sucrene Horse & Mule Feed Cremo Brand, Second Class Cotton Seed Meal . Cotton Seed Meal . Prime Cotton Seed Meal. Cotton Seed Meal . Pure Wheat Shipstuff . Cotton Seed Feed Meal .
934 Guarant'd Analysis . 38.521 .
Official Analysis. 1i0.0 33.87 23.31
1
935 Guarant'd Analysis 9.50 1'.00 5S.62
Official Analysis. 4.77 13.43, 63.79i
936 Guarant'd Analysis . 38.52 .
Official Analysis. 8.65 37.21 31.47
937 Guarant'd Analysis 11.50 13.00 55.0,0
Official Analysis. 11.60 13.12 53.30
938 Guarant'd Analysis 12.00 10.00 50.00
Official Analysis. 10.45 8.00 63.41
939 Guarant'd Analysis. 20.00 30.001
Official Analysis. 22.15 20.84 38.85
940 Guarant'd Analysis .I 25.00.
Official Analysis. 19.72 21.411 38.23
941 Guarant'd Analysis . 38.62.
Official Analysis. 11.75~ 34.40 32.44
942 Guarant'd Analysis 38.62.
Official Analysis. "' 0 37.60 30.34
943 Guarant'd Analysis 6.05 18.13 56.22
Official Analysis. 3.30 17.11 57.37 944 Guarant'dAnalysis 28.001 25.00 53.00
Official Analysis. 19.051 22.091 39.38
. Florida Cotton Oil Co., Jackson"' .551 . 5.22 ville, Fla.
3.15 3.96
8.20 5.87
4.00
2.98 4.04 3.50.
2.14 5.45 5.00.
4.50 3.75
. .
6.10 4.67
6.70 5.75
8.27 5.82
5.92.
4. C7, 7.02 5.00.
5.49 4.07
fAtlanta Milling Co., Atlanta,
Ga.
Florida Cotton Oil Co., Tallahassee, Fla.
J. B. Edgar Grain Co., Memphis, Tenn.
American Milling Co., Chicago,
Ill.
Tennessee Fiber Co., Memphis, -1
Tenn.
Florida Cotton Oil Co., Tallahassee, Fla.
jAlabama Cotten Oil Co., Montgomery, Ala.
The Southern Cotton Oil Co.,
Pensacola, Fla.
Home Mill & Grain Co., Mount
Vernon, Ind.
J. Lindsay Wells Co., Memphis,
Tenn.
OFFICIAL FEEDING STUFF ANALYSES, 1910-Continued.
NAME, OR BRAND.
ow
on .oZ
Standard Middlings . 945 Guarant'd Analysis.
Official Analysis. 7.03
Pure Wheat Middlings . 946 Guarant'd Analysis 5.18 Official Analysis. 4.-95
Alfalfa Meal .947 Guarant'd Analysis 35.'00 Official Analysis. 133.07
0Co nud
NAME AND ADDRESS OF
MANUFACTURER.
14.501 50.001 4.00.Washburn-Crosby Co., Minneap15.031 57.09 5.28 4.50 oils, Minn.
1 7.1i, 58.18 4.41 . Geo. P. Plant Milling Co., St. 10.981 57.68 5.00 3.72 Louis, Mo.
8.00 32.001 . Kornfalfa Feed Milling Co., . 10.14 38.071 1.821 5.05 Kansas City, Mo.
R. E. ROSE, State Chemist.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.
FOOD AND DRUG SECTION. Samples Taken by State Inspector Under Sectfon 0, Act Approved June 3, 1907.
OFFICIAL FOOD ANALYSIS, 1910.
BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBSTITUTES.
A. M. HENRY, Assistant Chemist.
BRAND.
MANUFACTURER, OR WHOLESALE.
Clover Bloom Butter . Armour & Co., Tampa, Fla. Brookfield Extra Creamery Butter Swift & Co., Tampa, Fla . Butter . J. J. Caylor & Sons, Varnells, Ga. Clover Leaf Brand Fancy Cream- W. P. Pillans & Co., Lakeland, Fla. ery Butter.
I. D. L. Best Creamery Butter. IWilliams & Moorhouse, Tampa, Fla.
217 318
319 320
321 322 323
324 325 26 327
3z8I 329 330 '331 132 .'333
-334! 335
-336
'3371 :338! '$39
'340 '341 342
Elgin Butter Co., of Fla., Jacksonville,
Fla.
Swift & Co., Tampa, Fla . Williams & Moorhouse, Tampa, Fla. Fox River Butter Co., Aurora, Ill . Cudahy Packing Co., South Omaha, Neb.
Fox River Butter Co., Aurora, Ill. DeJournett & Co., Calhoun, Ga . Swift & Co., Tampa, Fla . J. H. McLaurin & Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
L. K. Riley, Jacksonville, Fla .
RETAILER
C. M. Weeks, Lakeland . C. M. Weeks, Lakeland . J. C. Griffin, Lakeland . J. C. Griffin, Lakeland . W. J. Sutton, Lakeland . W. J. Reddick, Lakeland . Ball Grocery Co., Tampa . Ball Grocery Co., Tampa . S. J. Drawdy, Tampa . Cudahy Packing Co., Tampa . J. R. Mickler, Tampa . Crenshaw Bros., Tampa . Ball Grocery Co., Tampa . L. P. McCulley, Sanford . H. H. Hill, Sanford .
Meadow-Cold Butter . !VanDeman-Lewis Co., Jacksonville, Sanford Grocery Fla.
Butter . . . . VanOrsdall & C
Monogram Creamery Butter . Eigin Butter Co. of Fla., Jacksonville, L. G. Lyman, Da: Fla.
Butter . ,E. W. Perry, Hendersonville, N. C. Gay Brothers, Pal
Monogram Creamery Butter . Kingan & Co., Jacksonville, Fla. Eugene Masters, S
Pure Jersey Butter . Racy Cream Co., Knoxville, Tenn. W. S. Dorsey & C(
Butternut Butter . Armour & Co., Jacksonville, Fla . Kelly Brothers, J
White Clover Brand Butter . jElgin Butter Co., Elgin, Ill . Kelly Brothers, JE
Jersey Brand Fancy CreamerylThe Geo. C. Mansfield Co., Johnson Smith, Richardso Butter. I Creek, Wis. sonville.
Star Brand Creamery Butter.,. I Pinney & Geddes, New York, N. Y. Lewis K. Riley,
"Elgin Clover" Brand Butter. TThe Associated Elgin Creameries, El- Consolidated Groc l gin, Ill. ville.
*Adulterated and Misbranded; a renovated Butter adul terated with water and salt.
Co., Sanford . o., Daytona . ytona . atka . t. Augustine . )., Jacksonville. acksonvie . acksonville . n & Conroy, JackJacksonville . ery Co., Jackson-
co
12.82
14.39 14.58 10.50
12.21 16.49 15.00 13.66 13.56 10.98 1il.67 16.21 9.65 12.96 13.58 15.68 10.17 5.05 10.81 12.76 10.87
10.74 11.37 16.95 9.00
4.5
0
S ri2 C) 'C
C.)
I
9.31 1 0.89
CCC.'
02
C) 0.
.0~~~ cC
"1
r
1.83
0.96 1.72 0.70 1.00 1.27 1.13 1.01
1.21 0.85
1.40 1.80
1.49 0.98
1.02 0.90 1.07 0.60 1.26 0.81
1.22 0.92 0.76 0.90 1.15
Qd 0 NC'
2.87 2.81 0.95
2.20 2.10 1.22 3.37 3.37 2.76
2.22 1.48 4.95 3.92 2.77
2.64 3.17
2.42 0.85 1.39 2.18 1.73
1.43 1.85 1.85 1.50 1.77
88.02 1 1.4614
0
0
V z
27.73 26.11 25.51 27.71
24.19 25.38
24.65 24.94 26.49 24.17 29.19 21.84 23.00
26.41 25.21
23.68 28.95 28.71 27.51 25.74 27.02 26.54 24.00 26.68 26.38
24.91
83.39 81.84 82.75 86.60 84.69 81.02 80.50 8-1.95
82.43 85.91
85.44 77.04
84.94 83.31 82.76 80.25 86.34 93.05 86.54
84.25 86.18
86.90 86.02 80.30 88.35
"4 Crown" Butter . Swastika Brand Butter . Ball's "Cream" Fancy Butter . S. J. Drawdy's Fox River Fancy
Creamery Butter.
Creamery Butter . Mickler's Fifth Avenue Creamery Butter.
Butter . Renovated Butter . Diamond X Butter . Butter.
1.4607 1.4601 1.4601 1.4610 1.4612 1.4601 1.4604 1.4604 1.4612 1.4604 1.4601 1.4607 1.4604 1.4612 1.4612 1.4602 1.4607 1.4604 1.4607 1.4614 1.4606 1.4612 1.4614 1.4605 1.4613
0 )
0
Foams Legal.
Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Sputters *IllegaL Sputters Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal. Foams Legal.
Azo Dye
Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foam.
Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal.
BRAND.
343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351
3521 353
354 355 356 358 359 360 361 362 363 1
364 365 3661 367] 368 369 370 1 501
OFFICIAL FOOD ANALYSIS, 191-Continued. BUTTER AND BUTTER SUBBTITUTNS--Conutinued.
.3 5 C ., 0
A V P .0 :J 0
p a Z. 0 Z 0r 0 M00
0 0 P
4., 0. 'P. ,~
.P~ ~ .~. 0. 5
Sumner's 4X Creamery Butter. W. P. Sumner Co., Jacksonville, Fla. S. S. Averitt, Jacksonville .
Strictly Fancy Creamery Crown Marx Brothers, Jacksonville, Fla . W. R. Parnell, Jacksonville.
Brand Butter.
Prize Elgin Butter ., R. H. Peck, New York, N. Y . J. N. King, Fernandina .
Blue Ribbon Brand Superior But- V. Lopez & Co., New York, N. Y. J. R. Reed, Fernandina .
ter.
Royalton Butter . Smith, Richardson & Conroy, Jackson- George Lewis, Jacksonville .
ville, Fla.
Butter . Davis, Richardson & Barnette, Dalton, George Wolf, Live Oak .
Ga.
Blue Grass Butter . W. B. Johnson & Co., Jacksonville, S. P. Mays, Live Oak .
Fla.
Goldenrod Brand Pure Creamery James Rowland & Co., New York, H. A. Blackburn, Live Oak .
Butter. N. Y.
Butter . DeJournette & Co., Calhoun, Ga. W. H. Slaughter, Perry .
Butter . Quitman Grocery Co., Quitman, Ga. W. H. Slaughter, Perry .
Butter. Stone Produce Co., Dalton, Ga . ereen & Crews, Perry .
Butter Sterling Butter Co., Aurora, Ill. S. H. Peacock, Perry .
Peerless Brand Fancy Creamery1Kingan & Co., Jacksonville, Fla . W. E. Dean, Monticello . Butter.
Special Creamery Butter . R. C. Williams & Co., New York, N. Y. G. C. McCall, Monticello .
Process Butter . Armour & Co., Jacksonville, Fla. 0. P. Road, Apalachicola .
Extra Bouquet Creamery Butter. Russell Crego & Son, New York, N. Y. J. P. Hickey, Apalachicola.
Process Butter . Swift & Co., Jacksonville, Fla . C. H. Meinscher, Quincy .
Oleomargarine . Smith, Richardson & Conroy, Jackson- R. C. Stearns, Quincy .
ville, Fla.
Butter . M. H. Johnson, Tallahassee, Fla . Love & Hearin Co., Quincy .
Meadow Brook Strictly Pure J. H. McLaurin & Co., Jacksonville, Brumby & Co., Quincy. Process Butter. Fla.
Renovated Butter . Swift & Co., Pensacola, Fla . Hoyt Bros. & Co., Pensacola .
Swift's Premium Oleomargarine. Swift & Co., Fort Worth, Texas . A. McD. Moyer, Pensacola .
Four-Leaf Clover Creamery But- Lewis Bros. & Co., New Orleans, La. Will L. Moyer, Pensacola . ter.Les
butter . Bear Co., Pensacola, Fla . R. H. Jackson, DeFuniak Springs.
butter . A. S. Wells, Tallahassee, Fla . Randolph & Fenn, Tallahassee .
butter . A. P. McCaskill, Tallahassee, Fla . P. T. Mickler, Tallahassee .
butter . H. P. Smith, Tallahassee, Fla. VanBrunt & Demilly, Tallahassee.
butter . R. Bradford, Tallahassee, Fla . Randolph & Penn, Tallahassee .
*Adulterated with water and salt.
13.41 16.00 10.25
26.74 11.67
13.42 13.72
8.04 15.51
15.32 11.39 10.82
14.35 13.51 19.87
12.45 13.83 10.75 9.63 13.33
12.42 8.72 13.55 1/.16
9.83
13.22 16.00 11.95
1.13 1.08 0.83 1.28
1.04 1.81 0.89 0.76 1.93 2.19
2.52 1.49 1.24 1.30 2.13 1.10 1.38 1.69 1.25 1.78
1.48 1.00 1.05 0.73 0.60 1.13 1.70
1.60
Azo Dye Azo Dye
1.57
1.85 2.12 6.04 1.51 2.78 3.26
1.02 5.54 1.70
3.04 2.37
4.21 1.31
4.80 2.32
3.44 2.87 8.57 3.36 3.56 1.31 3.10 3.67 8.38 1.62 1.18 2.90
53. 52 81.06 86.80
65.94 85:78 82.08 82.12 90.17 77.00 80.80 83.05 85.32 80.20 83.88 73.20
84.13 81.34 84.76 80.75 81.53
83.04 88.96 82.30
83.44 81.64 84.03 81.12 83.55
1.4602
1.4607 1.4616 1.4607 1.4616 1.4609 1.4612 1.4618 .1.4608 1.4607 1.4607 1.4603 '1.4615 1.4613 1.4609 1.4612 1.4607 1.4639 1.4603 1.4608 1. 4d10 1.4641 1.4607 1.4608 1.4612 1.4607 1.4600 1.4598
M8,Z4
28.44 23.99
25.55 25.21
20.02 27.89 22.62 22.52 20.69 19.85 28.80
24.05 26.57 25.35 29.18 27.30 2.66 26.91
25.40 26.13 5.76 27.53 26.37 20.80 28.11
22.11 27.89
Azo Dye
Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Foams Sputters Foams Sputters Sputters Foams Sputters Sputters Sputters Foams Foams Foams Foams
Foams Foams
Legal. Legal. Legal.
*Illegal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal.
*Illega, Legal. Legal. LegalLegalLegaL
*Illegal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal. Legal, Legal., Legal, Legal. Legal. Legal Legal Legal.
I
PART IV.
The Citrus Grove, Its Location
and Cultivation.
THE CITRUS GROVE,
ITS LOCATION AND CULTIVATION.
by
P. H. ROLFS, M. S.
Director Florida Agricultural Experiment Station,
and State Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes, University of Florida, Gainesville.
CITRUS CULTURE.
CHOOSING A LOCATION.
The character of Florida soils is variable to a considerable extent. Even in the same vicinity various kinds of soils may occur. These vary from a clay to loamy, sandy, and marly soils. Some of them, also, are muck soils.
Clay Soil is one of the best for citrus-growing when it is found in a warm region. Less fertilizer is required and the trees are productive, bearing an unusually fine quality of fruit if the soil is properly handled.
Loamy Soil.-This is the character of the soil that is most largely employed for citrus-growing and with best results. Elsewhere this soil might be referred to as sandy loan. It contains a considerable admixture of clay and organic matter, with a large body of sand.
Sandy Soil, or sandy land as it is often called, is usually free from a perceptible admixture of either vegetable matter or clay. For the most part it tends to be lacking in water and fertilizer-holding power. When it is almost pure sand it appears white, and is usually considered an unfavorable soil.
Marly Soils occur in some sections. After a considerable amount of humus has been worked into the stiff
;-Bil.
marl, they make good soils for citrus trees. In their original state, the marly soils are apt to produce an indifferent growth in the young trees, usually causing them to suffer more or less from dieback, scale insects, and other such disorders. This condition, however, passes off as the soil becomes more thoroughly tilled and has more vegetable matter incorporated in it.
1itek 'oils are not tle ideal soils upon which to plant citrus trees, since they are inclined to be sour, to produce an exuberani growth, and for a number of years to give rough and imperfect fruit. After muck lands have been cultivated for a number of years and brought into a thorough state of tilth, they produce excellent crops of citrus fruits, unless the mucks remain raw in form and contain a considerable amount of humic acid.
TILE NATURAL GROWTH AS AN INDEX.
Ham mock.-t is in our native hammocks that the wild citrus groves occur. In some regions thousands of trees have been transplanted from these old native groves to higher lands. In other places the hammocks were cleaned up, leaving the orange seedlings standing, to be budded over to the better varieties. These wild trees were always found to be the sour orange. At the present time the hiamniock lands are regarded as the ideal ones for citrus culture. The great cost necessary to clear these up thoroughly has in many cases deterred people from making use of them.
Rolling Pine.-The higher pine lands, more or less rolling, upon which long-leaf pine trees are growing, give us some of the best citrus lands we have in the State. These lands are easily cleared, and quickly brought into service for setting out to citrus trees. They are usually sufficiently drained naturally to permit the citrus groves to grow off Iromptly and produce a lot of fine fruit. They are less desirable than the hammocks, on account of requiring a larger amount of fertilizer to bring the trees into bearing. After years of eropI)ing, however, they will require little or no more fertilizer than the adjacent hammocks.
Cabbage Palmetto Hammock.-These hammocks differ from the hammocks proper in that they are usually more or less covered with water for a part of 'lie year. The cabbage palmetto is the predominating tree. Wherever
the land is high enough above the adjacent water, these lands may be drained and brought into service for citrus culture. When properly handled, they make among our best citrus groves.
Shell Hainviock.-These differ from the other forms of hammock in that the soil is composed, to a greater or less degree, of shell. The trees usually grow off promptly and make a good showing, but sooner or later are apt to be affected severely with dieback; and while in many cases most excellent fruit is raised on shell hammocks they require a special and careful treatment. This character of land may safely be used by those who are expert in handling citrus trees.
Drained Lands.-Lake beds and other lands, sometimes called prairie, that are high enough to permit of thorough drainage, have been used to a considerable extent for planting to citrus. In these lands it is purely a question a to whether they are sufficiently high to permit of thorough drainage during the rainy portion of the year.
Pine Land, With Oak Undergrowth.-Some of the pine land, frequently called second-grade pine land, especially that which has a considerable undergrowth of scrub oaks, must be looked upon with some suspicion. Where clay is found within two or three feet from the surface, this character of soil can be safely employed for locating a citrus grove, but where the sand is very deep it will be preferale to choose a location elsewhere.
Flatwoods.-This character of land is usually level and more or less covered with water during the rainy season. As a rule, a hardpan occurs from a few inches to a few feet below the surface. This prevents rapid and thorough drainage. Saw palmettoes are usually absent or scattered on this character of land. The predominating undergrowth is gallberry. By hardpan, we should understand a more or less impervious stratum occurring in the soil at a depth of a few inches or a few feet. It obstructs the passage of water downward, and also obstructs the downv,-ard progress of the roots, causing the soil to become water-logged during the rainy period, and probably very dry during a period of drought. This hardpan may be made up of various matters, either calcareous, siliceous or ferruginous. The cementing material usually breaks up and lets the sand fall apart when exposed to the air. If the hardpan is of a ferruginous nature, it is more oV less poisonous to citrus trees. Various methods have been
adopted for bringing into cultivation land that has a hardpan under it. Sometimes (his hardpan has been broken through by means of plowing. In such cases the hardpan was near tlie surface and in a thin layer. In oier cases, the surface soil has been mounded up so as to put the trees on ridges. In a few cases the hardpan has been broken by discharging dynamite under the trees. iron salts as they normally occur in the soil have a yellowish or reddish color. Where these colors occur, the darker colored iron hardpans are not likely to be present, consequently it is sometimes concluded that a reddish or yellow soil indicates one especially favorable for agricullural purposes. These flatwoods lands, when Ihoroughly and deeply drained and the hardpan broken, make a fair place for producing citrus fruit.
Sprucc-Pinc Land. The spruce-pine land, as well as the scrub-oak land, should not be employed for citrusgrowing at the present time. Sltlendid citrus orchards occur on lands of this kind, but they have been brought out by experts and at the cost of much more than would have been necessary on lands better adapted for citrusgrowing. Ill addition to this, these lands produce trees that are subject to many disorders.
SITE OF THE GROyE.
Iunnediately upon deciding, that one wishes to plalt a grove, lie should select the best site that can be procured. A great many questions arise in deIerminin where a grove shall be located. A few of these are discussed below.
Distance Frow Trainsportation Linc.-The ultimate object being the selling of fruit at a remunerative figure, i, becomes necessary to locate a grove wit hin a reasonable distance of some line of railroad w- water transportation. The distance which it will be profitable to trailsport fruit by wagon will depend largely upon the condition of the roads.
Another deterininiig factor in the matter is the cost of i e lnd. A -rove of, nodert e-sized t trees. heavily loaded. should produce a thousand boxes of oranges to the acre. Allowing fifty boxes 1o a load, this would require twenty trips to the transportation station. If a grove were located three miles away from the sialion, it would probably take one man wil a two-horse team six
days to haul this fruit. If located one-half that distance, it would require only three or four days. Allowing about $4 a day for this work, the hauling of the fruit from the more distant grove would increase the cost about $8 per acre, which amout must be charged as an annual tax. From this the intending purchaser can readily calculate how munch more he can afford to pay proportionately for land in close proximit v to the railroad station.
Frost Proteclion.-There are no parts of Florida that are entirely free from occasional frosts, and in most parts of the State freezing weather may be expected to occur during every winter. There are a few isolated places, however, that are so favorably located that freezing weather is of rare occurrence.
Under ordinary circumstances, a drop in temperature to 28 degrees and a continuation of this for several hours will not freeze citrus fruit. If, however, the drop goes lower, say to about 26 or 25 degrees, serious damage is apt to result, especially if it is long continued. A drop in temperature to 24 degrees is not likely to prove seriously damiiaging to trees unless it is of continued duration. Trees in a t horonghiv dormant condition will pass through a temoleralure of 1S degrees n without the loss of much wood, but, as a rule, a considerable amount of foliage is lost at that temperature. This, however, varies with different varieties and with the conditions of the tree and the duration of Ilie cold. Even if it does go to freezing, a sudden drop in the temperature and a continuation of it for a number of days proves rather disadvantageous to the health of the citrus grove. It is, therefore, very desirable to have soine form of protection against cold.
hi ater Protcclion.-WaPer protection proves to be one of t he best shelters against occasional cold days in winter. It bas been fomd that regions located in large bodies of water. or with a non hern, eastern and western protection of w at er, are much less subJect 1o drops in temperature than those that are exposed. Quite a number of such places may be found as far north as 29 degrees 45 minutes of latitude. Even north of' this region some fine groves occur that have been protecled by artificial means. Farther souai, at about tlie 28tb parallel of' latitude, a nuinber of locations have heei found where water has protected the Iees, and in -,ome cases even the fruit, again t the m0st severe cold 1hat we have had.
laia mock Protcetion .Quite a number of citrus grow
ers in the State have found that hammock protection is quite as feasible as water protection. By locating in a large hammock and securing the surrounding lands, citrus growers have cut out small tracts in tile hammnock varying from live to ten acres in extent and planted these in citrus trees, leaving these small groves entirely surroun ded by hammock trees. To make such a plan practicable, it is necessary to own the surrounding hammock; otherwise, one would have no control over the hammock trees which he wishes to tise as protection against cold.
SHELTER FROM SEA\ WINDS.
Around the coast of PFlorida the bleak sea winds are damaging to citrus trees and citrus fruits. The direct influence of the sea breezes is to cause the atmosphere and soil to become dril . This stunts ihe grovec and in some cases snakes it absolutely impossible for the trees to attain a size that will enable them to bear a profitable crop. In some cases, where groves have been planted in such exposed places, it has become necessary to erect an artificial windbreak. This being built ten or twelve feet hig h, affords the first row Iprotection against the sem b~reezes. Each row then successively forms a protection for the succeeding row.
In a edition to the direct influence of the sea winds, we also have the indirect effect in causing the fruit to become loin, scratched, bruised, or otherwise mutilated, and unfit for market purposes. The foliag-e, and especially the rapidly growing young shools, are likely to be seriously daniag-ed by mechanical injury from the sea winds. Where it becomes desirable to plant a grove within the influence or the sea w inds, it is very' important that a strip of hami'iock should be left as a wind protection. If this is not available, a protecting row of trees should be planted. The native bay tree resists the influ ence of ihe sea winds well, but probably a much better tree for the purpose is the camphor.
PREPARING THE LAND.
Clearing ilie Field.-In preparing for a citrus orchard, il is limiortailt that all native trees, stumps and other material should be removed from the soil. A few cabbage palmettoes may be left for nurse trees for some time,
but there should not be a large number, certainly not more than one hundred to one hundred and fifty to the acre, and, of course, all of those occurring in the rows where trees should stand ought to be removed. Liveoaks and especially pines are found to be very injurious to the growth of citrus trees.
It is not impossible for a person to make a good grove in a field that is full of stumps and debris. The chances, however, are much against his making a success. He would be the exception to the rule if he did so.
Breaking and Plowing.-After the field has been thoroughly g'ubbed and freed from all obstructions in sight, 1lie nevt important step is to plow the land thoroughly. During this operation a large amount of roots and undergr oud trash will be turned up. This should be removed and burned. Weeds, grass and stuff that will decay rapidly can be left on the ground and be plowed under to g'ood advantage. It is important to have a large plow and sufficient horse power to do the work thoroughly. A fourteen or sixteen-inch plow, or, better still, a thirtyinch disc plow, will be found useful.
Precvious Cropphig.-Most people who are intending to put out a citrus grove become impatient for a crop and, cosequently, are too much in a hurry to plant trees. The severe change that has taken place on the land by the removal of the forest and the burning of the stumps has set up a disturbance in the soil. The land therefore, is in most cases unfit to receive anything bnt the most vigorous plants. If the field is prepared in time to be planted to a crop of vegetables, this is hiighly advisable. These vegetables will be less affected by the adverse conditions than are the citrus trees, and even if they should be adversely affected it would mean only the loss of one crop and would not be communicated to the succeeding years. If the season is not a proper one for planting out vegetables, the field may be planted to some farm crop, especially a cover crop, such as velvet beans, eowpeas or beggarweed. If a good crop of velvet beans has been grown upon the soil, we are pretty certain to have it in first-class condition for setting out to citrus trees. In addition to putting the soil in good condition, the velvet beans will add a large amount of ammonia to the soil, requiring less of this element in the fertilizer to be applied to the trees when set out.
Catch Crops.-During the succeeding year vegetables
and farm crops may be profitably planted between the rows of citrus trees. One should, however, not lose sight of the fact that the citrus orchard is the main project under consideration, and that these catch crops must be removed or entirely destroyed if they in any way interfere with the health and growth of the citrus trees. After the vegetable crop has been removed from the citrus grove the middles may be planted to velvet beans, cowpeas or beggarweed. These plants will continue to add ammonia to the soil, prevent leaching by heavy rains and finally return to the soil a large amount of humus, which is very much needed to produce growth and health in citrus trees. It is, however, entirely possible to get so much organic ammonia in the soil as to cause dieback in the small trees. When this occurs, the planter loses from one to two years' time in the growth of his trees.
Perfect Drainage Necessary.-One of our foremost agriculturists in the State has said that there is not an acre of land in the State of Florida that does not need draining; that even the sLeep clay hillsides would be improved by being underlaid with tile drains. Our general experience has been that when people speak of land as being perfectly drained they mean that it is perfectly drained during the dry part of the year, and forget altogether about the rainy part of the year, which is the critical season. A grove site should be so perfectly drained, naturally and artificially, as to never allow the soil water to stand above two feet from the surface at any time. Several instances are known where groves located on the lop of a hill, seventy-five feet above a lake, had standing water in the soil during the rainy season. Such trees as are within the influence of this water necessarily become weakened by the exclusion of oxygen and interference with the bacterial life in the soil. For the orange grove as a whole, surface drainage appears to be the cheapest and most profitable. Tile drains are likely to become clogged by citrus roots, and much damage may result before the grower recognizes the defect.
Irrifation.-While much good can be done by conservin- the moisture in the soil, occasional years occur, however, when the drought becomes so severe that if one had an irrigating plant the advantages derived from iL would be sufficient to pay for the whole outfit, and during about three Years out of five a sufficient number of droughts occur to make a good irrigating plant very de-
sirable. The type of plant to use depends very much upon one's own inclinations and the amount of money he has to spend. Furrow irrigation, as practiced in California, is entirely practicable and has been used to some extent in Florida. This is the cheapest method, and the one which will doubtless be generally adopted.
CULTURE PROPER.
Ohj(ct.-Too many grove owners look upon cultivation in the light taken by a certain colored boy, who, when asked what he was cultivating for, replied: "Seventy-five cents a day." During a money stringency the first thing the grove owner does in many cases is to cut down the amount of cultivation. We cultivate an orange grove to admit air into the soil, as a first requisite, to keep up the bacterial life; and, secondly, to conserve the moisture present.
Germ Action. Plants in general take up the ammonia in the soil in the form of nitrates. These nitrates, to a large extent, are formed from broken-down vegetable matter. They are prepared by the organisms constantly present in the soil. Nearly all of our fertilizers applied to the trees must go through this breaking-down process. Possibly the only exception to this is when we use nitrate of soda and nitrate of potash. To secure the best results the ni trifying bacterial must be present I- in the soil in sufficient quantity. The temperature of the soil must range somiew here between 40 and 1:'0 degrees F., the most favorable soil iemperatiure being about 98 to 99 degrees. A reasonable amtnit of moisture is necessary, and there nst be a free circutal ion of air. The nitrates are most rapidly formed in the soil near the surface, especially in the first six inches. The depth at which lhe largest amount of nitrates are formed varies with the condition of the soil. From this it will be seen that nitrates are forming rather rapidly in our soils during almost the entire year.
Coiscrvmag Aoistior-. Another important reason for cultivating is to conserve the moisture of the soil. To make the fertilizer applied available to the plant, it becomes necessary for these substances to be placed in solution. In the absence of moisture in the soil the fertilizer appli(d to the grove will be as useless as if left in the bag. On the other hand, if' too large an amount of mois-
ture be present, the plants are unable to get a sufficient amount of the chemical elements in the water that is being absorbed. Conservation of moisture by cultivation is best accomplished by using some light implement that will work rapidly over the soil, breaking the crust or stirring the already loose surface soil, forraing what is usually spoken of as the soil mulch. The appended table shows the effect of cultivation and non-cultivation on lands that would be considered fairly good citrus lands. During the year when these tests were being made there was a very great deficiency in the rainfall; in fact during the four months following the first of January, there was only one rainfall that amounted to enough to wet the soil.
MOISTURE IN CULTIVATED AND UNCULTIVATED LAND.
April 18, 1008. April 24, 1908. Percent- Tons Percent- Tons Cultivated- age. per acre, age. per acre.
First foot .5.35 107T.0 4.71 94.2
Second foot. . 5.73 114.6 5.67 113.4 Third foot . 5.17 103.4 5.28 105.6 Fourth foot. 4.94 98.8 4.95 99.0
Totals . .423. 8 . 412.2
UncultivatedFirst foot. 2.81 56. 2 2.91 58.4
Second foot. 3.17 68. 4 3 .2 0 64.0
Third foot . 2.92 58;.4 2.99 59. 8
Fourth foot. 2.83 6'. 6 3.19 63.8
Totals . .239. 6 . 246.0
Cultivated laud, average . 418.0 tons. Un11cultivated land, average . 242.8 tons.
1)iff'. in favor of cultivated land. 175.2 tons of water, or 12 in. of rain.
rTlle above table shows that an amount of moisfinre equal to one and one-half inches of rainfall may be conserved by plowing and cultivating.
Increasing Humus Content.-The humus is the dark. colored material which occurs in practically all soils to a
greater or less extent. Sandy soils almost devoid of humus are very white. When a large amount of humus is added to such a soil, it takes on a dark color. Our lure muck or peat beds may be said to be pure beds of humus, though the decaying vegetable matter at this period of its transition is not usually spoken of as humus, but rather as peat. In the next stage of its decay it takes on more of an earthy character, and is then spoken of as humus. All forms of animal and vegetable matter lake this form before changing into distinctly inorganic sulstance. Large roots, roots of crops, stalks of crops, and ,s4milar growl h, are useful in increasing the humus of the soil. The most useful of our humus-supplying plants are the legumes. Foremost among these is the velvet bean. Cowpeas and beggarweed are also excellent for citrus groves.
Humus in the soil improves its mechanical condition 1y nmuking a compact soil looser and more permeable to the roots of the plants. It gives the leachy soil a waterholding capacity and, therefore, a capacity for holding plant-food, especially such as has been supplied in the form of fertilizers. It furnishes a convenient location and food for the useful micro-organisms which prepare the fertilizers for the citrus trees. In addition to the above advantages an increase in the humus content of the soil increases the soil warmth.
From what has been said in the foregoing paragraph, it should not be considered that humus is an unmixed blessing. Too large a supply of humus in a grove will cause dieback, and in a fruiting grove it is likely to produce what the orange growers properly know as ammnoiiated fruits, as well as dieback. Consequently, the citrus fruit grower must not attempt to push his trees too rapidly, and must also be careful to have his soil thoroughly drained (drainage for the rainy season) in order that the life processes in the soil may go on in a normal way.
KINDS OF CULTURE.
There is probably no other subject in citrus-growing that formerly elicited so much heated discussion as did the question of the time and kind of cultivation. Usually the debaters ignored entirely the kind of soil, the character of their land, and the length of time during which they had practiced their particular hobbies. We, there-
fore, find that the sects were divided into practically three schools: The perfectly clean culture men, who considered it a disgrace to have a sprig of grass visible in their groves; lihe school who argued that since our wild trees never were cultivated in the native state, therefore the g(rove trees should not be cultivated; later, a third school sprang i1) that considered it entirely proper to cultivate during the drier part of the year, but ceased cultivation altogether during the rainy part of the year. It speaks well for the hardihood of the orange tree to be able to endure and produce a paying crop under all of these conditions of cultivation. Some of the school of clean culturists conserved the moisture of the soil by using a liberal organic mulch. Some, in fact, went so far as to spend much time and money in cutting shrubbery from the hammock or piney woods and applying this under the trees as a mulching, to add humus to the soil and to conserve the moisture.
Later, and from necessity, a number of orange growers have had to take care of orange groves that became completelv sodded with Bermuda grass. We might call these the Bermuda sod groves.
Spring Cultivation.-In sections of Florida where it becomes necessary to bank trees to protect them against the danger of winter freezing, cultivation should not be begun until all danger of frost or freezing is past. Remove the heating apparatus or piles of wood that may have been placed in the grove to protect it against freezin2r, Ilen pull down the banks and begin to cultivate.
Groves that have been well tilled the year before will be found in excellent shape for using small tools, such as the Acme harrow, Planet Jr., etc. In groves where considerable vegetable matter is left over fromn the previous year, it may be necessary Io use a cutaway harrow to break 1lhis u). The first cultivation in the spring may be soniewhat deep, siice it is not- lil, ely liat new feeding roots have been formed near the surface. If, however, the cultivation is not started nutil feeding roots have formed, it is lest to avoid deep cultivation. )eep cultivation "at this time of Ihe year, as at any other time, is a relative rather than an absolute lerm.
A fter Ilhe first cultivation, nothing more than a mere stirring of the Iirst inch or two of soil should be given. This conserves the moisture so much needed at this time of the year. Our driest portion of the year is likely to
occur during March, April and May. The more frequently we cultivate, the more of the soil moisture is conserved. Ordinarily, it is not profitable to cultivate more frequently than once a week. If our soil is in the best possible condition, a weeder may be used. It may be necessary to load the weeder with a small piece of cordwood. With such an implement, a man and a horse can cultivate a ten-acre grove in a day.
Catch Crops.-Where some form of crop is being grown between ie rojws of trees, it is necessary to give this crop the best of attention and an abundance of fertilizer to keep it froin drawing heavily on lhe young grove. It is a good praclice to keep at least six feet away from the reach of the branches. Trees that are over five vears old are likely to have roots extending as far as midway between the rows; consequently, cultivation of the catch crop should be gauged according to the needs of the citrus grove.
Summer Cultivation.-Sone fine groves and much excellent fruit have been produced by a continuous summer cultivation; other groves have been seriously injured and the crops of fruit have been ruined by such work. The question depends more upon what the character of the land is than upon any dogmatic method of procedure.
Ordinarily, it is safe to discontinue cultivation as soon as abundant rains occur, and to allow grass and weeds to grow at their will. If the grass and weeds become too tall and appear to be a detriment to the grove, a mower mav be used to cut them down. I)uring the summer season these will rot and return to the soil as humnus. If tile tzir've dues not need mowing, Ie grass and wegeds may be allowed to .-row. and at the close of lihe rainy season 1ihe grass may be inade into hay and removed trom the field. Where the soil is deficient in hnus. it will probably pay bet ier to mow lie grass and weeds and allow them to rot to humus in the grove.
Velvet beans, cowpeas and beg.garweed mav also be planted in groves if the soil is not too rich in organic ammonia. This can usually be told by the character of the growth and the character of the fruit which is being produced. These legumnes abstract nitrogen from the atmosphere and return it to the soil in the organic form. Thore are instances where this has been carried on to the extent of producing dieback in the grove. Where there is the prohalmilty of getting too much organic nitrogen in
the soil, the legume may be made into hay. If these legumles are used in the grove, they should be mown in the beginning of the dry season so as to reduce the number of plant bugs to a minimum, since frequently these sucking insects cause a loss of fruit when the legumes are permitted to remain late in the fall.
Fall Cultivation.-Whether we should cultivate in the fall or not will depend largely onl local conditions. If we are having a severe drought it mlay be advisable to use a cutaway harrow, or an implement of this kind, to break up the surface soil so as to conserve the moisture. If the moisture is not needed, it is usually preferable to allow the soil to remain undisturbed.
Winter Cult iva tion.-In the early winter, before there is any danger from frost, it is frequently necessary for us to cultivate to prevent rapid evaporation of the moisture. We can'also at that time incorporate more or less of the cover crop that grew during the summer season. Care must, however, be taken not to carry this cultivation to the extent of stimulating the trees into late growth; otherwise, we are apt to get our trees severely injured by an early freeze. If however, the work is carried on in such a way as to conserve the moisture and yet not stimulale the grove into growth, much good can be done by early winter cultivation.
Cultivation and Dieback.-Dieback is a disease to which practically all of our citrus trees are subject, and one that causes much annoyance and frequently considerable loss. The observant grove owner, however, will recognize the preliminary symptoms of the disease and guard against it. The disease seems to be due to unfavorable soil conditions, brought on by too rapid a development of' ammonia in the soil. It mlay also occur as a result of a number of other conditions.
Dep~th to (Otltivatc.-The depth to which a grove may he cultivated safc1 v depends more on the character of the soil than on any otbor condition, In sections where there is a deep clay soil, the roots of the trees penetrate well into the ground. In thin, sandy soil, the roots are apt to keep close to the surface. This is also the case in our low palmetto hammocks.
The depth to which we should cultivate, then, will depend largely on the character of the soil on which the grove has been planted. In general, we should never plow or cultivate so deeply as to disturb any considerable
number of the fibrous roots, and certainly not to the extent of breaking large roots.
By observing the depth of the roots in the soil, we will be able to gauge, in a measure, the depth to which we can cultivate. This, we will find, varies, however, in the same grove in different years. Consequently, very much depends on the judgment of the man who is doing the cultivation, or having it done.
liflplcets.-Under ordinary circumstances, the heavy two-horse plow has no place in a grove in good health. A light one-horse plow may be used to some extent. This tool, however, is a poor implement, since it wastes so much time for the grove owner. One of the best implements for deep cultivating is the cutaway harrow or disc harrow. For a small grove, the one-horse harrow will be found preferable. For an extensive grove this is too slow, and we need a two or three-horse cutaway or disc harrow. The spading harrow will also be found useful under certain circumstances. The Acme harrow is also an excellent implement to use when the vegetable matter has been worked into the soil. It does poor work, however, when a considerable amount of vegetable matter is present on the surface. The Planet Jr. cultivator or Sweep cultivator is also excellent for shallow cultivation. When the orchard has been put into a good state of tilth, and our only object is to conserve the moisture, the weeder is one of the best and most serviceable implements. The ordinary spring-toothed cultivators are not good implements, since they pull up too many of the roots they happen to come in contact with.
BUILDING UP A NEGLECTED GROVE.
The best way to build up a neglected grove is to let the other fellow do it. Buying a neglected grove is like buying an old, neglected horse. Under certain circumstances it may be done with profit, but under ordinary circumstances it is cheaper and much more satisfactory to start a new grove.
It happens frequently, however, that one has an old grove, or that part of his property happens to be an old. neglected grove. In such cases, we wish to know what is best to do.
Pruning.-The first step in such conditions is to go into the grove with a good sharp saw, pruning shears and
other implements for butchering trees. The pruning should be done thoroughly and severely. Take out first all dead wood; then take out all of the weakened wood; finally, shape the tree up so as to make it more or less symmetrical. Do not leave any long, spreading branches, even if they appear to be perfectly healthy. Head them back, so as to make a good, compact tree. When an old, neglected orchard has been properly treated, it is usually a sad-looking sight.
Fertilizers.-Give the entire grove a liberal allowance of a fertilizer such as is used ordinarily for producing growth. A good formula for this purpose will contain about 4 per cent. ammonia, 6 per cent. phosphoric acid, and 8 per cent. potash. As a source of ammonia, nitrate of soda may be employed; as a source of potash, use a high-grade sulphate of potash, or low-grade sulphate of potash; and as a source of phosphoric acid, the acid phosphate. The amount to be applied per tree should be very liberal. More people err in applying too little than in applying too much. Spread the fertilizer evenly broadcast over the entire grove, at least over the portion of the grove where trees occur.
Plowing.-Ordinarily, such a grove should be plowed very deep, even to the point of breaking and cutting large roots. Care must, of course, be taken not to plow so deeply as to destroy a large percentage of the roots of the trees. This will vary according to the character of the soil on which the grove happens to be located. Ordinarily, the plow may be made to go five or six inches deep, plowing much deeper in the middles and shallower near the trunks of the trees. After the grove has been plowed in one direction, then cross-plow it. In this way the fertilizer is pretty thoroughly incorporated with the soil and brought where the roots can get it almost immediately. After this thorough and deep plowing has been completed, cultivation with an ordinary implement should be continued.
Py such drastic treatment, the weaker trees are likely to be killed out entirely. The sooner tmese are killed out the more profitable it will be for the owner. Ile can then replace them with vigorous young trees. The old trees that have vitality enough to stand such vigorous treatment are pretty sure to respond promptly.
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FLORIDA Q UAR TE RLY BULLETIN .AG RIC U L T URAL DE P ARTMENT APRIL 1. 1 91 . 0 B. E . M C LIN OOM.M L S S \O K l •:R Oil "' ..A G R J C UL'l' O I H:! TALLAHASSEE, FLA. P art l •Crop... Pul 2--Cl aos lfl catlo n of So ll a . Part 3 Fertil[~ ~ r ;, Feed Stu ff o and F <'?'1 n~d l ! r1• _ a !1 Part ~ Th e Cltn n G r o v e , l t,;:l oc, Ml o n a nd Culll >' atl o n. l ltil NU! Jll(;U( ISSl 'Ulfffll O !llOW• f
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COU N TY M A P O F S T ATE OF FLORIDA
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PART I. CROP CONDITIONS.
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DIVl~ON Of THI STAT! BV COUNTIIS. Following are the dlvl~ion.11 ot the State , nod the coties con fai n cd i n each : Northe1 n Divi s i on. Franklin, Gn(\sdcn , lln mi lton, ,h•lfcn,on, Lflfn,v ett e, J .,-, 0 11 , )111,Jis on , S nwnnn ~, T ny l ol' , \Ya kn lla. ll Wes tern D il isio n. Ca l h oun , E scamb i a, Jfohnes, ,fockson, S :,utn Ro~a, \ Ynlton. Wa .~ hington. 7. N orthcaster11 Divi~ion. , \ lnc hun, Baker, J fr adfo rd , Clay. Co lnmh i a, Duval, Nm,1<,:111, Putnam , SI. Jo tw,.-9. Cen tr n l Division . Cit ru ~ , H e rnando, L a ke , L IW ,", M nrion, Ornng\! , l'ni ;ro. Su JUter, Volnsi a. -9 . South ern Divi~i<>n . Rr -evar -0lk, S t. Lncl('. ll.
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COXflEl\"f-ED XOTF.S OF COURESPONnENTS. ~01n1J1ms D1ns 1 o x. T h e plnnting of 111, l: 111!1 f'Otto n ht,g111, inn f e w lo !' ll li t ic s nLon t ~l11n h '.:-tth. hut the \J u ! k of 1 h c p l nntin g wil l not l ,e done loefore ,1lm11t -t!h to the 15th or 1 w o~ > nh l y t h e ~() 1 1.i o f A11 r il, , ,w i ng 1n 1he dry wculh c r, ll"!JJ (' h is kec p in:; ~uch open1t i un ~ l wd, ; muc h of t he nop will l ,e , l cln,n>d iu planlin:; till in }Ja , Y , fo r ihc 1 caso n n!J o vc ~ 1 :1 k d . \\' hi l e it i~ lo he cx1~<:1.,J th:it 11rn n y l'Hl'lllH~ wi l l iuu(.':l 8e l lid r ac 1 ~n;:ttl owiui:: l o the h i~h 1wir<.> oh t n i n<'d f ,.,. t he ! :1.•l lTOJl, it i s tv l>e J,.,j~d thnt 1h r y wi ll u ut un,l'llo it,"~ n :;n ntly i 11 c rC:l""2tl ac,-e ng! , /111on~h"11t th e c u(to11 h e ll wo11l ,J 1 "\'Hnlt i 11 ~uch a la 1 ::-e ,ro 1 t h a t 1 w fr c ~ w,,1 : ld he fol'tl'd down 10 a u nn p rn 1i1 n l,le limi l. The l' U l "II {'l"ll j) ju"t l a111e d is :11.<0 nm11i,ln , ih l ~ i11 { " C' l(" ,:l ,rn, l 1 ,,:•]_1 cared fo r 0 11 rhe farm" . aml 1h e m:1mwe nlil i xr,L t h e k1 1C' 1 aml mor e pro dmi,e will 1,e tl,1• l :11 uls , 111,\ , runs e. 1ue 11 1ly, i:•e,llc r pr0o<1 ,,: i1., will h e, ,u j oyelr nl,le for :::e1w1 a l fa1iJ1!!: <> Ji<: rn li o ns ns l:ost y ,; a1, the r:, i nfn l l to d nt,:i be iog nir,1 "hee n p ra t1k, 1 H_1 s u~ peudc'1, till th e n rnrketfo r1h c 11 r od11ct i rnpro,e s .
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W E11 TE R1'! lJn 1 s 10:,,.-1'he pl ant ing o r crops began •om ew lrn t earller in thi11dist1kt nlso than Inst year, but owing , also, to hi,drnmd wcalhcr eo ud itio n s c ro(J s ha1'e not mlvauccd a~ the y sho uld , 110 1 has planting progressed ij ra J ,id l,rnsdesi red. •r:,il!secfim, hns hnd slig ht l_l' more rninf:,11 tha11 the No r thern, !Jut rio t eno u gh to su p1 1ly t he c ro11~ a lrn udn u t l,v. I n this sect i o n , as i11 t h e 1,r eced ing one, the a cre;i ge to cotton i~ he iu g fll l i te l nr gely inerenf;('d , Th e r e i s :ii*' :l notable i1wrca~e in all th~• p t u c i pal fHrm cr o 1 m , o m! in ~pile of tlie ~h;,itJlc.os of l:ol ,o r. The in r.ren srd n~e ul' i m1, 01,:d fnm, i11q , k11,tu l H ha s 1e r y much red urctl t h e n cu• b ~its fo r "~ 11 w11., ram, liam l ~ as fol' ni .::rl. 1 n rnl ii lu rn al~<> h:td th e etfect <. 'l' h e fruit c ro 1 'll ,;f 1lti>< &, '(' /.ion m'tl doiug w e l l nn e lt<' < u: Hl i !ion fo r f , 1 r1 1L er ;ii,d )ale p ln111i 11 ~ ~ . I( is 110!1.' J 1 hal i 11 t ,tJ!h of t ile fon•g;u i n g ,J i. ~ ttfrl s lhc ll ><( \ .. r Cou>ll ll' l'('i;tl Fcr :i l iY,('J-~ i.i :,; c i, e 1:t l ero p pr o d 1wtio n Ion~ ,e1.1 lnq,\ d,1 iunenH ' (L :mJ il i s prob• llbl, Y wilhin !Tll~( m, 1hle l , <,1111ds 1 , , ~,1,1 1h,1I 11,e q11a11t i ty or 1 1u.'oo 11n,1111n' s cous11u1 e d 011 tlw ~ e ,' l ups is moz-e t!mu doub l e tl,n t vf a ny prel'ioos y e:11 .
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e a di ~ ear , a 8 th e iD te n i; iv e s ys1em of culli v u 1 i o 11 gr o ws i n furnr wi t li fo r m e l'l'!und tr u ck e ts. Ci,;r-rn . u. ll 1 V JSION. fo !his di st ric t om r eports i ndi cn te n coutinua n ce u f 1h e illtrP n se i n a<:1~ag e pl an ted to er ops of nil k i ntl ~ so notictu\.,l e Ju ot h er ,;ections. ' l 'h e g ro w i 11 g tomli!ions appear to J.,,c fa v or a \.,l e ,n u ! crop~ o r e d oing w e l l, t he t o ss by 11, e fros t s of e a rly w in ter iu a fe w ! o<"a li ti c s, of a p ortion o f th e fr uit croJJ, WUij m pat a ti, J _v Ji~~I . S l ig h t 1t o f t he i;:t untfard c r opfl , n o g,.,w n he1'() tu ,aume e.~tenl, exr,:,pf n1Uou. J., m w h ic h it is nite p1~•llabfe u on ld ,auccee
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1 , 1,,1e ,111,J loi,:in tl p1vduNio11 c; e r Jmhl(~h, ,l on th e ""h j 1' 1; in f:wt, too :or ti,• lo, h1111cl'er tJl'1• n g11, 11 tu lh,• 1 ,nhlk , ," ,: t he ~111ljt~/ H >' l hi~ o l<>!:'>' , wi1 h in "Ill' k110 11 l r, l;,:;c, It i~ 1 , lnin . dil'! i 11 ~IHll'l ll t'lll aud ~" ~•a~lly 1mdei-~toud 11,111 i'l ~••n~ of ol'lli 11n r.1 iu telli!,. '< ' 11<"' ,1ill l u 1,>! IH• ,Jilli r11t 1 , ,ill fullo11 i11g ii ~ di1~tio11"l'ro f ~ ~,_..,,. lto,lf" ,le ,...,rn-,., m1C"J'I" 11 ,, Frn,c lo ng 1>!:..-u wi~ hin ;: for j11 .~1 , 1,.. infurumt i,, u t hiij nni<'I,• ro n tni n ~.
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, ~o -i oo 10~ I H•S L~ 1 ' jg 1 0 ,
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l:! Jt t:rn R T oi ACREAG t : A..'\"D CO.'\"l>ITIO.'\" -Oo m.lm,etl. U r. mUton "' J e tr e!'IO n . ~':;"'.~ . . ti::r:n . ~~:~,~:'rice_ Dr e ,ard. I ~t"/ I P olk .... . St. Luela . ... .. .. .. .. .. . nlv . A,Nage p er ~01 .. , "' , oo , oo i ~
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J:I 1 :t-: l 'Ol!T .\(' II ~:.\(:~ ; A,". 1 ) OOXO ITI OX----Co 11 tlnnOO. _____ ]~~:";,. ' tn •den . . .. m :i. m!lton. J erl" u11 011 . L afayette . U,(ln .. . ~ ~;i'~n ...... . ~:~';~~~ ee -. . .' . .......... . DI Y.A , oi r~rcrN':nl.. ! ......... --_ .__....,. (ll .. , ... . ~ ,,. r1o1 I I h i I iOO
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Brad ford Cl:1.y .... .. ~i.'':i ' l, '.~.:. }'U !Dllnl, Di v ,-1.,tr:a.,; ~ fl'!r
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" 111::1 -0IC 'l' OP A C U t :AGt: AS I ) CO:,."l) l" l' IO:'<' ---CO,,t1u11 et1. ~:::~I•:: .. ~t; ~i'1~n n ~: ~ .. . . W u hlngto n ... . ........ .. . 01 ~. A, e ~e~ ce n ( . . s .. ,, ,,,....~, o, , ,.,.,_ A a..n un . ... llr, ,olford. ~~t:\: : . .. ... . ........ . D iv. A ~e rai;e vu c e ot. .. , Dn• h .... .... . ~ ~f ""; . i. iii .... ... ...... l St . L \I C l e . O h. 1,, -e ..,,K'! r ie r ecnl ... .
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1' o ~ AN IJ co:Dl'l' IOS--COO!h1Uf'd.. ~;.~~;"~'~::'"" . ~ ;~F l : :;; :~: :: : ~:~ JelhrlOII .. GO CiO 75 ;~ Lati,.yett e 1 00 50 Leon . ... no 85 L lbtrty .• SO 90 M 1dl110 11 '; 5 '.5 su, .. noee. SO !Ill ,,...k ulla . ! 1 0 85 i i:,;,~~~:;:;, ~ :"':'~ -~~~~~~~~~ ~mbia Jack s on ~:l~n~: . . ~ ~h ::.1 0 :.,r~~t ::1m-+-"""'-.-+ ---, ,...--+----"'"Lake •. Ley .. Mar l on ... !~-:-:: .... .. . ,. Div. Av. 1 ,er ,,.,nt ..
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17 JtLWOllT o~ Acn•:AGR A:-;D co:--onro :-Oo111ln11cd.
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I S RE['ORT OF AC ll t:AGE A.'\"D 00:,;' DITI O:,;' -Con tlnued. i oo i l! l f ~[1:t ~ A ;/~cc:/"' ~e,~t ", •f--r f'-, "" " n ;,.: ;_--'_,. _-~ l"':~~'-R=-l-_;: ;;a ~~--!-: _; I~ :,;.:
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1, RRI'ORT OF ACREAGf: ,\:,;U 00c\' D1T l0X C ont1mw, l. H a mllton. Jeffe rso n .. t:~~yWe t~{~~:i~ .. : .. Div. ,>,v . r,er c~nt. . \\'> .~ TO" ' )[Vl~tu,, (.:aLUOll lL , Y. srn mbla ..... . .. . Jaekoon . .... . . .•. Sanla l toaa ....... . W;:.lton ...•.•....• w. u h! :,gto n .... . l.>iY . . h . r.~r cent .. . ._. ., , r r y D , usrn A!iicfitta:--:-:-:-:-:-:.... . B rstlf,,,. tl . . . ...... . ;~:~:ti~_:_::::::: ::: ::_:_:_:_:_ Div, ,,_ v . 1rn r ce nt. ..
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!H •:ii-1f.:\r~"'1 1 :"; :!1:;-;m ,;:;-;;]i , ' l " ,saJ ~, " ,,, , i I ' I W: :!;: " L . . . ' ! . ' . " J _ _ _ _ _ t j tt~ l t t ~ I ; 8 , 1] 'l . I ~sr '" . r •. . . . . . .. . , . ~. . •. . •..•. ,.
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21 HEPORT OF' ACUEAOE A)<.n COSDITIOX-Contlrn1/'
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~" :i izt 1 ~ 0~~;: i / r m I ::: I :11 I Dlv.Av.pec cent. c~ ~•D. ~,o ,.
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2:l REl'ORT OF' ACRF.AGJ:: A.SD CO'.'IOTTIO-"--Contlnued. CO U :STII::$. ./;!!~1 ~::1~Ii I nm-'"•' " };, 1 j~~;1J. H11milto11 JeJ fe rson ~~y ~ t-•~. ii ;::~~--, I I I I n, I ,,, Was hing ton ..... . Div . Av. per ,:eot ,J n , hm r . Y Ase u a . ... Ilrad foi d. ~~:(:~-_-_... I ~;~ ",,'.1;_ ~~:.;;,;::'-~---'---"'~~ ~ -'--=erna110 ..... ;;.,'iron E~r--_ Vol118IR . Plv . A ;. r,er cent. $0U'1'11F.R,_. Pr>,s T O,,..
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PART II. OLASSIFICATION OF SOILS .
PAGE 27
GENERAL ClASSlf lC A T ION Of fLORIDA S OILS . 'J'hiN :irlicle is 11 erc1(' 011d l~ i n teadeol tn supply i11formntio11 on thi,. impor i ,mt subjec t inn Ul'id ,n i to 1hv!i cu1c r mwh the l arge r jJOrTion of the 8tntc. nrul the soil i ~ .11, 1 mrrn i1 ., :ill 1.1111d, hu1 1<11ch i~ not t !Jecni 1 ' minerals m , tl ll eco Jn 1m~e1theratioiaverysmalt . With t . ll cexoe ption or a er,1 ~mnll nren of ~ ll]l\ lO~t.>
PAGE 28
,s FIRST CLASS Pl~ I ~ 1. -\ SD~. Flr st-c l n~ pin e lnnd in Floridn i s wh olly u n l i ke 011 ., t hing found iu ;i ny oth er S1ilte . Us surf 11te is u suall.l' C() V CN'tl fo r 15e,•,md inchn1 l., le sn nd ~t ingup o na >111m!tr a t om uf mar l, d:1 .r or limtl! l one r ock. 1'h e fcrtilli,v un d ,J n,a IJil i l , v or t hl ij r h 11ru c kr o f lnu11 unde r or1\iu: 11y TIH' l h o,!,. v( rn ltlvntiu11. Uy ihe grnwh,~ of lci.: 11111 inou~ pln 11 1 ,. th c...., 1< oil ~ mul a ll 0thr 1 J>i n11 tun.J~ c:rn IJ(i c on1 i 11u ully k c 1 ,1 in a hi g h ~ trll e of fc l'!i l il _v. ' l' ll c ~l'C OlltlduAA 1 1i 11 e hrnd11. wl , ich ,u a kc o p th e lnrgf,ir 1 , c~"('!'.~ ibi l i ty ma! p1-od uctive11('AA, t he f ndlil_l" o f ferrilitinit with rntUe ))Pll u ing nnll ! he in, pr l'!ll1'Cfor, 11 lliv:ition . ~me u r th~~ lnm l. ~ h ove no n;g u lar comp. 1ct cla1., 111 Hfo r !hem. or. nt le:i,;j. 1101 in 1 -E-n, I, o r 1 1lu nt roo l 1:1. Th is r ,1cr i @ 1n~ e11 frP
PAGE 29
it is wotth , for ,h1,1 proper , ur nlluminum, fl$ the chem i~ t s c:ill i t . i,. n ot r,~Hl fo r plan l1<. lrs 11;,cA t o th e 11 l an1 a ,e f>Ul'C i y Jll('d1 a n k:1l. Jt ~en t-,; H A a l't)St! f V<. >i1 fvr t lm ~lo r ag'-' of rn o i stur.., iu Jin, .., ,. o f , frv ul,(h t. a s well :i~ ! o h old firmly 1b c 1 '00 1 1! uf t h e g ;, owin g tnin k , bu1 noL ro f<.ed 1he hungry or th irsty plu ut. So ru cti, u es it ha~ been fou n tl iu s,11:1 11 q1.mut i 1ics iu the :rnh of woods, but 1hi11 i~ oecnusc the roo tlcl~ 1 nke up mo re or lei,;, of whalever iml ha re i ll solutio n aboutthem,and clayh:isbln !nken \ 'I ' in thi~ way , j 11 st ns poi~ons rnn_v h e taken 11p; for t , ~s a1e sometime~ ki lled IJ_v p o u ring p o i5 ono us liquid~ :1l:011t 1 hcir r oois , b ut day 1w1cr nml::c~ nn,v p art of t he ., ,g:n ,i s ,11 of pla nt~ , not i~ it umnl,cr ed am ong the cle rn~u(~ which eon1ribu t e lo 1heir growth . Alijo a well -e ~lnbli~hed fncr ns to !he va l ue o f a clny s ubsoil i~, th n t wi thrn 1 f i f~ J) r<:!>'Cll CC the : 1p 1 , l ied fe r lili ~ ,-., . 'I wi ll leach tl nou ;.:h anU lie !osl. The fertilir.ers u~ed a, e r;euen, l ly li:,::hler th:iu c!Je s o il H !o which t hey are aJ'fJlieU, or than ch,: wa !<:' r coming down from the clouds . A~ Ule ra i n s fall su m c o r thei,e fcrtilb . crs are rnrricd u,.w u , af!cr a t i m{' of drought; as t he . ,oi l fills th ey nrc Jwrne upw nnl agt1in 1,_v O,e w11 t ers to the rnrface. 11ud IJ< t h n ~ 111,-.y go d own n no\ c ome n p . w h cttie1 t h e_,, l , e ! i 111 1id fol' ga!'C!" lVater htls pa~sed nw a y. Bn t if tlw ~o il is not fil l e t! 10 1 I , ~ ~urfoce, sons t o hririg k u : k ilin'<'tly au . , fo,c i l h< r i n f ., f u ti on tha t was carr i e ll down , it i ,; ,;.1 fl' r t here i n the ~ nbsoil than on 11.te s t ee p hills id e!! of tla_y, where w hat is a1,plii,d iH f requ011{[y carri0d ann.v h ~ fl 1e 11oocls, 1o;..-ethe r wit h H,e ~oil. to th e l":i lc~ hc l ow. \Yh e re ll s . w h a t has g-nne down in 1 he 1101ou s soil i~ br ough t lxtck l,y the ,n pilla ry a1tr.1etion of ihc "urfa ~ ~o i l in ti111e or oltoughl t o the !'earh of 1h e g r owing crop. On e of the u :,~ of ,1,..., nht i ~ t h at ll 1hn ~ hrin;.:~ up from th <.\ snh~ull. witb the :tl'Sil' t ,m,e o f s h nllow c ul(i\"ation, miy n , i.,era l fno tl th:1t 11,n~ hl'the rc to whe1 e i t w ill be ln reach o f the ~r o wi n _ t'. rrnp. : ! i~l~ ~ t '. j i::~~ ~; ::~ ' ;~_:.:\,'.~;o: 1 rt ;;;';:"f~1;;::~:: t 1_/1;~t ) ;~ h:~TJ:~ct :.1ie:! a :-'\~r ; :;t : •~,:~~.;f!\ 1 1\~,; t t!~,:c ,, , i ls ne re not ~nll" 1/' i.-,11tly , u pp l i e ,I wi 1 h li11m1! ~ Mlil 1 111' l irnitC
PAGE 30
30 restored to their orii;inal fertility b! the use of !egu minous planb, rotntlonofcropsandcnrefu l cultivu1i on; lu fnct, by such incun fi they cu 11 be 1u~tly iwp1ovetl over t b c ir ori g iuu l co nd ltion. 'l'HIHD -CI,,\SS P li"E LA:,;'08. E 1cn the l und11 of 1hc .. thir d ralo ," or mOl!I i uferio r clm;tt, nre l,y no mcmI.'I wo 1 thle;;~ n n dcr the din mtc of Flori d a. This ch1!jlj ur lan d s rnn y Lc di,idcd i nt o two o r ders; the one conq11 i, l11;: h igh , i-o l ling. " m1J,v districts, wh ich ar c s pn r8t:ly ~vn,N.-tl with ,1 ~1u 111 c(l g1owth of 'hl111k ja d ;" :1utl 1 ii 11 c. and, n e ar the lc,nc1 eu~t c01 1 s1, ~..-rut, hid;u1-y u ud ~11n1l,1'1'1_,. 8ltr 11 b~. It i~ ,il~n 0 11 11111cll ! in,i!ar ,;oils aim•~ Ille cn~t oou,-t 1 lrn t tho l int "'! pintk 11p1•lt'!I :ore 1 nodnct~ l ; the o lh c1 ,-. 111i.1~1 ri uf:" low, flat ti\\;1mpy rc~onfi , l\'h i ,-h :u -e h"(.'<)mnll., ~1Lui,h,d with ''bay ,:nut~: and ate oc, : ,111.iunally itrnulla11..~1. but 11"hicll are t ol1 'N.' tl wilh !nxui-i:mt n,getariuu, :1utl 1ery ge ucr;i_lly with ,ou~ltle rabl c ,1 na n ti ti rs oi 1u!nn\Jll' timher. '!'he for w er or thef!e, it i~ no\\" u~, e1tni11el1 1 i$ n l~u wdl ,ul:11•ted t o t h o ~rowrh "r ~i1<11 l lk mp, w l. tid, i~ a rnlollh/o 11opitul 1 11,luction. Thi ll lm1t (the Agnve Slsn l ann), 11111 1 the A:nie l l exi1.. nnn, ulr,,o l.:w,wu a~ ~l ng n l'_,, the 1' 11le l'lrnil. the Ct..'111\11'.'" l'l:u11. etc., li:H"C hoil, !)(l(' n lnll' u• tlun !d i nto 1'lo,-i ,lu . 111111 the.I'" lrnn! ho !II :;rown in ;;:re:11 erfo:cli,m 011 11Jc 1 1<1<111c~1 lands 11f the rountr.1. ,\,. rh etth!'r C'0111111y in the l ' nile,l i--1a1t-e ,,..~,C'~.:c~. am l whit-h arror,l~ ll;'.1'<'111 ~c( 11 rif ~ to th1: hcnltli or it~ i ul ,:1hiln11r~. i~ ilm t rhc J1i 11c la nds ,d , l eh fo1 rn the l,:, ~ i~ or P•
PAGE 31
31 1Jt11d1lcd, ut inter,nls of a few mil e,, witb hummock !11 11d11 of the ri che..l quu l ity . '.l' be11e hummock.II are not , a.a i1 gcnc1 ' 11 ll y BU p poiiell, low, wet la111h 1; t h ey neve r 1'1!Q Uire d llchiui;:or draiu i ug, they varyiu e.i: t e nt fro m II f ewac rea to many t housand acrea; hcuee, lbe inhnblt1111t11 li:11e it eve r ywhere in their power, when de.ired, to 11elect l'ff! i de uces iu llie 1 1i ue lands, It such convenien t dist:rnciet1 f rom th e hunu no d.:11 1111 wlll euahle them to c ultivate the lat te t with,ut e1u.luug crin g t h eir health, If it 11bould w. h Dj!j.11:ll that the hamm oek land nppearetl to be JeA b enl(hy than the piue ln11d11. Experience iu l Jorida hall sati11fuctorily 11how n that r Cijide nc e• ouly l rnH n mil e dii:1t1111t fro m cultivated hu m m od,:11 ore entirely ci:cmp t from nmlar iul dil!elll!(', no d l hOt! wnintuin pcrre-et he alth . Int.lee.I , it i~ fouml that t"()ll i denr~..s iu t he h11mmock11 themsclve• are ~ne1ll) 1 .1edectly l~uhby utter they h nve ~u one or 1wo yenre clc11roc.l . ;,;-ewly clco.-1!d lands ore gometlmci, att en ded wirll the dc"felO l'U lt' nt o f more or 1"8s m nl nria, a f11e t that, unde1simil i nr cu11ditio 11 11, i@ 110 m or e pe<:ulln r t o l •'lorit.ln th:ln unr orhe1 S t nte. In Florioa the dille'JSCII " 'hi d 1 rt.'!lnlt from Oiese elenri n:,'111 are genera ll y of the milde ijt1_rpco f h ilio usfeve1• . '!'he topo;i:rrq,hi,nl fenture here uo ted, niuuelJ',U gener 11 l [u l,•n< j ll'l">dt ,n of 1Jd1 !Ja1mnoetll, 6Uttomi1fod b.v !Ji~ h . dry, ro lliu;:-. h eul 1h.v pine wo1H.tiJ, i~ an ndvnutu~e wbieh no 1, jl,('1" !-lalt in the llnior, enjv_r~; :rnrl l <'l,,i•ida furrns, i u 1 hi~ rt'~J' Ct r. a ~trlkiug eonua~t with some 01her Sout h f'1 n Stall'~ wh~ ~u::ir nnt.1 eo110 11 l:mtl 8 ure generally 11u1r onn d t-d h,v m~I nllu1
PAGE 32
32 'l'hls ,•Jew is .strengthened b y the fact th at the w i l o t 1 i ,: ~~:1~/~~:'i:~:;i;;~;~l~~1111'f::;s~;~~1:'e'::~i ':! ~urfnce, t hat itl!I 11 tmot< i, here i11 in constant motion, an d r l, a tthcro i smor't!clCnl'sunshinet h un i n t h enJOreno rl eru !:!tfltC!!. , It I s f urt h e r ~lll(l,Clik >d tl , :'.lt the u n i fo rru p,evnlence o f sen broczeji, a n d the consta n t motion of ilie ntmrn;pbcrein the Pcninsula,tend11somuch IO d ilTusean d nr1enu11te wh:'.!IC'l'Cr m:,111 1 -ia is gc n ernted ll ul t i t wi ll g,nernll~ p 1 -.:;>duce only the rn ilde3t form of watari:il di .11~ 11ose11, such n s i n terwilteut fe'l'er. ' rl 1e J n n ds whkh in l ?Jo1 i d 11 Dl't! u nil" Cl'l l1111ds " ; fa'!< om.I, 1he "low hntumod: l:111tl11''; 1 hird, 1he "hig h hammocks , " nnd fourth, the "!il'llt rn l c 1,ine, Mk an d hi, ko ryhuuls." 8WA 11.P T ,ANDS. T h e lil<'tun p l nnda are, unquestiona l, l_r, l he mo,,t d u l'1t ble 1 ifh lands in th e 8tatc. The~ are t h e mot1t 1 '(',('ent l J fo, mcd l n ndi!, a nd n r cat i l l a nnually receiving nddhion .11 ' " th eir s urro ce. ' l' l w~n e l u tri n ijic nll,v the mo~ t ,Ll u :oh le l ands, L,ecouite 11w.v are M fertilll na the h mnmocb 1111<1 more dur:1lole. They nre nllul'inl iu cha r , 1 cle r an d oc , n J).I' nat u rnl dc1 11 -c,,,sioos,orbnsim1, w h ich hm-egrodu :,ll_v filled up by d c 1 1011il.11 o f vegetnb !e de l ll'i.11, etc . , 1rns h ed 111 from t h e m l j:u:l!n l nnd h i:;her lnnds. Drniun:;c is d isrcns n b l c lo u ll of t h em in t \ , l! ir pre p 1w n tlou fo r s ue , ,.,,s~tn! rultivatiou. l ' ro p crl,1 p rl!pnrcd, huwp,c1, the ir hwxhnusllble fertiliT;t> i;ust,1in1; n 1ecu k n own to p1odme a" 1uuch u~ GOO i;allon,s o f ~~ up , or nlJout li , 000 poun d ~ or ~ngnr, pe r ncre, "'itLou t f c1t i l i 1.(• r . \\ ' c mc n!l o n Kll)l'.1'1 1 <'une i n 1 hi,i conucct i on n a ~hnwi1.1,!!'. the fertilit) o f t h e ~oi l . loecn u 11c It iH k n m n , to bt• ouc of t h e moNt cxliaui,t i ng crop!!. It i ~ not. lio"e,er, 1 1 11!tc fnir lo mnkc t hl~ 1 he mcn1
PAGE 33
of Looisinna or Teirn s, b ut by the fo ci that 1he ear ly v i sit111ioo&offrosbli11bcuh1h~$latcsreuderit11CL-e. "'"''.I' to c UI 1he <'llne In Octol,e r , w h ic:h i11 \011~ h, ro,-e it hns !"<:ad1e.l m;it11ri1y, while i11 Fl<",ridn it is p er111l 1!cd to 1; 1,11, d. wit liu ut fo /u of rl'o~t, ti l l th e hnCh 1," ii is evide n ce of ii11 hnl'ing 1,:-aehe,J full ma turity. ln consequen ce of the , on11iUernl,Je outl11,1 o t cnpit;i l 1"1 :ll] Uired i n l hc 11rcpnrath•u of ! hi s e1'llf'll1M en~nged iu 1il:,nti11g in F lori da. unt il in l'l.'t~nt ~ e:ul'; unw, !Jm,erer, t h e ru i~ u i;rc~t and e,er-i 11 rn•ni; 1ng denwm l fu,1110.:se )11n1l11 l, _1 l11 dinl hm [ 9 nn d i11corv o ra te< l ro11q J1111i~, thu g 11nd denly r~"Cugn i zin a: th e i r i1nu1em;e product in: ,•:due. The grenter pa rt (If what a re lrno"n R9 1;11•nmp p roper ure mosrly loc1t1e< l in Emi;t 1111d South ~•lori da, i1ll h 011j!'h th e1-e al'e llUll)O'l'(HJJ< :rn,J qui1c extC UJl'J,Ol"f,ll'"ll"llel'I' . Tho: 1 -:,t r;;:-Jn, \ ,•s or Flo,iII fhi.s s111•f;ite l i P~ :111 innnrn""l 1wi-111, rnlm inn of ijl lil d , fl!lu1i:1I d r p n~ilJ< mul 1ler~y~d ve;;:-l•Tuhlo uwttu. f o, rn,lng n m:• , s of i<:nHi ,m,1 111ml fr,"n two feet (o ;rn fl~•t o r 11101"(> in 1k1"!h. 0t.11 mi.,1~1 l"<':Hls nil hut r, few 1 1 ui11!g o! ,:,,. l:1 s! ~t .-:1 t:1 :
PAGE 34
34 ';Upon t!Jc mud n:!1!111 a shttt of wnter, the depth ,a.,.v i ng with the i:oufut waliou or the bottom, liu t i;cldo111 :,t d1y l!ellS6HJ. g1ea le1 (hau th1-ee f~t. '!'Ile ll'holl.' i~ llllcd with ruuk growth of cou rse gt;i;;s , eiJd•l vr lo>11 fe.::t high, l m.,iug a ~riated edge like a ~w, fl-..im wllkh i t ohlain 11 i t,,, name of Saw U1 iu111.'" I n many portion, or ti~ E1e1;:;lmJ.e,, t h c saw graN1 i1< 1/Q thic knsto l,c alm0ttt i llll<'llclral , lc . bu t it is i nt cl'M.'('"t ed bv numerous and 1DtllHJU11 c h nnm,h1 that form a kin d of t UIJyrlnth, wllel'tl uull ets pn>Se u t t !u: ,n >nu e,i in aparo11tl_l' imp e m J trnhl(! lmrl"il.'r M uf ;!"rn~s. The' @lll'faccof \\,ite1 l11,111kk /y ull1:cted by l'lil n, !llf'nl!er11ale r hiln;r :uul full i ng Jud11g 1he w et ~:ifa.Hl~ 1,eiu g rn id. 1'h c din•:1~:m-.: o r lcvel hc1w1,,eo liigh c11 1 nu,l ?owe,,t l!lagc11 of ,n,wr i,; from two 1o ttm .. -e ft>eL ' rlu .i :<'lll'lnl ~ u rfat..:i of the 1< :n::r;:.t:ulCll wus llrn " ,;ulijed tu :,:1e:u t h,111;.."'-~ prior to the i11:tngm ,11i(K 1 v f the ,. _, ,;tern cir ,lr:iim1!!, now so euc..-fully 11 0 , ler W II .'\ 11:\umll J.:e_,l!, or, in 1 '("!ity, h:1m m f'l(c\.:s, ;11 ,:, hc,e nnd 1hcre met wi l h, which nn ,h_1 :o! all f'Cl],' iH of lml i nn gn1d r 11~ . L11ri,..-e n, -e n>'. cl"i u g 111;111.r ,.qunrc rn il<'fl. 111,kh i.,,1 a fc" ;,-e11111 :, go 11 e1'! m;11,-he~ to,c11...:J with ~""" ;::-1:,s~ a w.l 1Hl1<'~;ii'e t u ,w Ol l(' II llll'atl"""" dl".'" 1111 >l(::i,,., 11 ,:, ,x,-.., 1 ,1i 11!( 11t,, n,iur m"nlh s. :,tr .. 11li 11;: pa,:i 11 r" fn r mon y 1hou~nn< I l11 •mJ,: or rnnlr. 'fhe fn ll .,,. 1o11,itls HI the htm:" .,r ;o ll ~11-.;:uu~ rnnnii,~ ln,111 l lw(; J ade>< ha,e ,~J,, ,J i,,wa1 , !~ th, ,,.111..-r .,r t liP (lln•: k ,-mrnini;r pur:11 1 1'1 11 i t h ead, <1 ! . frn m 11"1'11, !llS(•lllh. :x'n r il•"N< I IC !tl'!l"ll le intu !hf' '11:nlf'>< nu ,1 thl'i'<"' rn<'k l't 't,fl' t-en nn,J i~ too W("/ f o,. <"U111vntirn , . Th e m•wl.: w h il'!1 o\'er! k'll 1Le sand and r ock vnrie& from 11 boul.
PAGE 35
:1 5 t wo f C(? t on 1 1Je ed ge o r t he Gladu to u d llpl h of twent y frel i n the middle, u m l , n., nld an21age 01•c1 t il l• w h ole hi n i1 0 1 y a d epl h of he l .w e eu ,;ix au d eight fr<:1 . 'l' ht• ln nll I f fr<.~ fr o m ueeij ,mtl st u nq,s. nnd uh u ust fr,:,-c from li u,;lies; t lte item of eleari n ;; hei u g o f 110 conshle n ti o n whate,er , s i mrly 1't'1plir i ng mow i ng duw n the gr u .is uo d l,u1i n g if, when 1he ,;o il is 1 -.Jady to he 1illed, :1 .< ~uon a~ t he cxee;-,i,; wate1 i s " "" oil' by the drnim,ge t m,a l ~. 'fl u \ r;o i l, ns co ui p:ored witlt u(heiJH> l' tio11s o f 1he COUii t,y. ,,.1;i11g i nlo eo u . ~idcr:otlun i (11 n, 11 uml rid111es~, luea t iuu nud dhu a le , ii,: rnu r e , alnable fo1 ng ku l rnn1l p JlU~ t •H thun , u , y [1 1:it i,; kuow n , W i ng 1 .artin1 l m . , a tl:lpted lo th e gruwth of nrne, cotto11, l ri"ll p olaloe~, cele 1 -y. tu u 111 t ~ , c n\Jbage, t ur ui11 s, bcets, o n ions m u l, i u fact, nn_y c 1 '0p will gro 1r wc l] on these J m,ds e.>:cc p t s u th as l '-~!'1ire a e old,cw,limMe. T he comi, o sition of t h e ooil bei ng almost en til l.1 tle ( < IUI J! (IB(,-d 1egcwblc 11,attc J" . i~ rk h iu nilro~<'.'11, b u t l11ck i11g to:, grea t ext,t iu t h e m i ner a l eoni,. tit1 1 en(~ nl'L '<.'ll ~ary (o nt;1ke n 1 ~ 1 fect !il; eon..cqueully, pho~1 , ho l" ie ,witl nud 1 ,ou1.s l i will hn1 e !o be ~ lt JJJ! l ied iu rnr-yin;.: (J1rnn ! :~~:i ~'( ; / ;~•,~1 . ~ 1 :~::.t o : '. :r:i:,if~ ,;~~; 1 ~/" ,~~e:; i ~ , ;~.k l;;;~!: t hl' sn r fH ~• 10 cw,t any ap1ne•:i:,l, T ,• iu fl ncn('e. Wi1 l 1 t hL~c ndd i1 i-on~. when neee:<~:iry, hmnwr,. lhe8e ~oil~ will. ~;::t:• 1 1 ,~ ~~ : ::: i ! 1 :)~,. , '.!';: , 1 :~tw l : ::;:; 1 .'l<"~{ : ;~l,:::,1 1 \ 1 i,: ~~:: 1 /:/~~; < •f th e , h,mif'nl fl•t•liti,.,-.1-,;; 1, ien 1im1N I. tl,r!<( ~ ,, i i ~ 11ill not 11 1a1I i:, ihc !ir~I gn 1de of ~w.11111, l n uds . LOW IIA~ B fOC K S.
PAGE 36
B!Gll lIAMMOCKS. Hi~h hrurrn,ock'< ::re tin, l:111<.l'! jn grentet!t fav or 111 F lor i o:ln. 'l'he>n~ n,~ ~nfii,•i,t lo , tlt lc it to th e estim ation in nhi eh it i ~ held"'"'''' :il l 0 1 he r l au d~ F.,o111c of 1he c v1111ti eR i n ,\li(]dlc Florida, Gnd ~den, L e on, Mn Ji~nn n 11d JeiTe 1 -so11. n1Hl ,foekson, JJo lrn e.~ muJ '\Yn sb i11 ;::1on f 'u1111tieij. i n \\'e st Flo !'i da, b an i Ja,. ge , 11 ,,asofllne hi gh h:11umocl; J:m o:1, n ndeJ"h tid wi ! h a s l iff d'I .L These. , 11 -e Ilic h lmul~ of t he Srn 1 c for 1he growth nf sho rt st n pl<:i ,,,,1to n nu;l :ne, i 11il ee,I. t he crl•t11 11 of 1 he Sta te fo r lt(• 1,.. rnl f : 11 m ing: 1mr1m;:e~ . 'J'lu•.1 ' nr e of t h e e " rlir~t form nli on o r lhe FJMida lnrnls. A~ hefor;, s1a1ed, : 11 e n s o f 1li01el,u1 s "r ridi ba 111111od ; lm ul i n l '::1~t Fl<,dd:1 a 1 , , ;,, h,, f ,,,u,. I i11 l.t>I' ,'" , Al:u: hn: , . f'o ,l nu1bia, n,11i or1, !l, 111 , 11tdn . Citrns. l':1sro ond Ru1111rr Counti('ll. 'l'h e e : n\! iu J, el"J" Co un t~ nlone not l e~ H t hn n on fl hun•
PAGE 37
37 dr ed t\Jon~ nntl nc1'CI! of I.he ,c1 ,1 IJ.t_-;,1 d c1K ripti o 11 or l:mds nd11 1 11(.d tu s u gar CIUIC l'\ll\lll'e, nnd thCl'C is but n ~ m nll pr opur1iu u of :11,y o f lh< il ,v ((, 11 lm b str:it;, o r h;1i,lr~1u. da,I', nl.i!d, i~ i1 11JM :l'l'iuu~ to moi>< rn . to Ilic 1<11rfnce n,, ~11~. ~,en or 1ii,:l11 f<.>el. lhc ;rowi11 . i::or eitrn~ frull treel! is not mh i~ahlc. \\'hM, it rotuM> 110 nearer thn u , gi1.•. four r ~t, u u d /lutfnre d1;1iuni;• i" ;,rn"M.1. vc:,'l•tal.ile ;.: 1 .. win;, ~ ; ml~: mn'1!.! ~m l~1..~ fu l with l'' ' "JMr cull i v11tl on au(l fo, •ti li~n ti, , n. ' l ' h e I H O>< thal rnnl: c 1111 1he l!rcat cultle rnnf.'i.'1< o r tlm $tnte, 0 11 whkll hnu,h~ I ,. of o f <:flttlo 1h 1 fre 11, e Jl'1lr nmuml. Tlu,e lm u];< nre found i n fr l!Ct;< of rnr.1ing extent in c,N'." l
PAGE 38
38 EASE 01•' CUL'flVA'flO.N. P erlrnps the mOfft atlt'aclil'e feature pee11!i:11 to 1he i;oil~ of t'lo1ida i,; 1 b,i e:1~e wiili wl,kli l h l , , eno he culti vated a,; eo mpat "f' d wi1h s!ill'. lwuvy sc 1nn111hs of (i,, , yrn 11 wt,. , ra 1lt 1 -o,.i 1 y of 1i e s o i l enn bl e~ t he n1 llH•~1,he1v. 1h 1n11 irh n.\ idirn ti .,11. 11 , u, c re ;1 1 li)y 1fl n id lh c fc 1 i l i,r1 ~ in \htwooJ;
PAGE 39
PART Ill. Fertili zers, Feed S tuffs, and Foods and Drugs
PAGE 40
40 BF..G ULATIONS OOV"ERNl.:{G TOE TAK I XG AND FORWARDING OP J<'EUTILIZEH 0 1! CO YMF.R CIAI, l ~R EDINO STU J<'F S,\Ml' l ,ES TO TOE COM• ~JSSIONET! OT•' ,\GHICU J .'l'U HR 81';CTIOX 15 OF T U E LAWS. Sp ed al 11n 1u1 1le11 o r Fer 1i li ,.er$ or Commcrr.lol ~•c e ding Stu ff~ i,,c nt in hy 1mrchno;ers , u11m in Ill e 1 1reseuce or two di 11in t ere1;ted wit : ~ r~:.i. .~.~ e :; ~'.~I: t~~,k~•g: , ou 1:A Ul.> A);O ij!:NT IJY A l!J3IN' l 'f.Dl)S1TO {',\R'l'Y TO T U I COJL~L ll!>I I -ONt: H Ol' ,\Olll C l.'.l , 'l'U~ll AT ' J \11.r._\HAS/!l:1<. xv~ L .Q!II Tl! ,\X 1-:Et;IIT f)l"S,•::,i, I:'< .I TI.S C .I:." 011 l:, WU,L H I CCl1l!.Hr, r de termi11ntio11>1 an,J. lo allow the 1n~ na1io11 of u dnpl!. C al1J Hm 11ple in ca~ or prnte,;( or np1~n!. '!'hi s ,J. 11p ! k:,t~ anmpl
PAGE 41
A one• p ou nd baking: J >Ol\de r ca n , 1irope rl y clea n ed, l lll e d wit h a fair ly druwu, w el l mixed sa 1111i le tukmi fr oin M:1i-tnl .sncks, is a p1 J ~I" su rn1,! e . H slwrtld b e Ber,,r. l ed (!R d o,Jd rcaacd lo ti,e (.'Qmmi~1iQ11cr of A yriuullur c at 1 "ul/a Jw rue . TIi e acndcr'1 11 u111e , . mil uddn ;u 11huu/d al ~u ~c pl ucud (Ill tl!c 1)(1 Cko9c . If more tlwn on e ,amp l e i, ,c nt, t h e 1a111f)lc1 1 h onld be ,ittmbc r ed 10 a , lo i dt nt i/11 them . All lhi 1 11/umld b e d o u e iu Il ic pre ,c n cc of th e 11;ilnu11e1 : !e~~c p,.,ckago maikd or c ;1•p1"C n<' d by une o f t ~ toil• 'l ' h e tag" ofT t h e 1,1:\Ck~ ~ h tonM he retaiue d b.v 1he ae nd e r t o c omp;n•e with the ce1 tifkufe o f n1rnl.1sis wl1en rctch't'tl, 11ncl 11 vt sc 11 t t o thi1,1oflk e. 1'/ i,., du!cof Ilic !ll"flWiHf/ and ,c,. ,Ji1 1v of t!,c sa,,,pl,. ,111d 11u,11es ,.,, tJ, c willlnl!C•, s/l()u ld g /fu be ret11i11cd bv t1t c 1Clldci-; 11ot aent t o o, ;, o/fioo. W ATEU A7'.\LYS1S. W tf1~1nent l,r :urnly~ w lllt' r for pnbli e u ~e. di~, tow n auJ neig ll bor ll oo d ~ npp llt'><; MJ• l"iugs and nl'l('>ain n w'r ,1 , ..,,11.,.111 w .-n: 1< HJI: 1:<1111 11 11.:.11 . .1..:co1:-.--r W!IEUJ;IN 1"11~ l'Ul!l , I C 111 NOT 1:0 T Y.lll!~ 1u ,. f.:1 -e11 S.\lll'l.lo!,\ S II OU[. [I 1a; s~~I" ro , \ COll)lt:1w1.,1. L.\ l:IOR.l.TI'.Jft\". T m: 8T.1n: J. ., JtOI\.\TO!ff DQr.~ j,; (/f t: U)l l'ln WIT/I COllll t :m :: 1 .\L L.\IIOR ,\ TOltlf:$. , \l ,o . .. -e d o nnt umke b:1 c terivl <>git8 I exa mi11:1ri ouij o o r l':rnmin ti o n 11 fnr disease _!!erm ~. Sud.t examiun t i o n ~ : 111,I :m nly &e ~ nr e niude by the Stnte U,;,ni-d of ll ea lth 111 Jn ckt! tlll vill e. W e tlo 11 ,;,t n mke n ~ an!tnry n u11l yHi~. nor a c om pl ete qu n 11 !itn1l e Uderiuiu;1t iu n , ~c 1,a 1 1ing end , m l 11 cn1l nu J 6tuti n,.: the qu:111ti i thett'<)r. Su.-1 1 nu 11nul ,r~iJ1 woul d b!• eost ly in timcnn d l;1luo r .nnd of no real 1 nl 11e to the i nq uirer. We
PAGE 42
1muc"ompani<"d I)~ m1y fl11 lh('1 lnfonnaliou, u o coucl u 11 ion :18 to 1.!Je J•O t Hbi l i ty aml healthf uln ebS o f the wn te 1 cnu Im tletluced. Th e re fo r ~,. w e n~1ui1-c lhe follol\ing i11f 01" n1 nt i on to be gfren in l'e ga rd tu 1he ~onh 'c of 1 he ":1 1 er: ( 1 ) . "J'l1esour,:eofthewn!e1: s priug.Jak<",1in . dl' ive n well , du g well, llo1"Cd \\"(')]. .~ 1t•~i,in well., ,.. tluwing well; urn.I also t lJe deJ>th of the wuh•r sn,fnrP lwlow t he top of Th eso il ,mu l i11 cn~e well >1 thede1 11 h of the casing. (:!). Th,• l uc ;1li 1y of ( h e ,wurce , ,J' 1n11l-1': towu, cit_,. < Jt ' ,i i Inge; 01 (h e '-'.,'{;tio 11 . i" 1 1n~hip ;11u1 1w•~ e . (;\) . Tin propn~c,I Ill'<: of lhl! wn1er: l'il_l ' ~ \l P I .'" , 1 l o nu•.;;1ic 11~", l:11111c :n,al.n.<'d u11l~•~s l he nnm e ,nul :i,l,li, s~ of {Ji,• M'l,.,J<,, i~ "Ii 1 1 1<, pnd,a;i, fut i d,,nritka1i,.,, ll" c , . ,.,,,,;,., /,r'1 !l"IIOH., of 1a, I, "" I,,,," ' //'///, , .; ,, 1, ,win J,1:1. >Ill< ,!i stnnce 11l1Jf'1• lh<' ~u , , .. -, , """,. ihe (' l'lli<•r o f th,• l,rnl_r "' 11":ITCr . .\'nn:.\1" ,• tind th1> ,1:11c ,-,. .. r !111• i"-t:it1 ~ pri n;.,;;, wells, d l' iv c n ll" e ] l s and artl ian we l lJ<-ge 11ern lly ,c t., J>lll"C a nd whole~omr. with but lit11(• min1,1•at i111pm l_1 .111< \ lhat such as is not ln ll' mr nl. F.n-ept in c a ses of gross tare ll'l'~nei<~ . i11 :11l ow i 111? s11rfme wnt... r to <'Ontn 11 1in/l!c the n-,-.11 or ~ J\l"in)!. 1he waleri, of t] 1 (' State nre p ure nud whu],-.~nmr. The de ep w;:,11~ of thi, State lll'C n oted fol' tbd, p111 itr n nd h<"nltllfnln<"i~. , \ N, \l,Y SIS 01<' FOODS ANO OUUGR. Siun1>ll'!! of FoCHls n n;J n , 11,.,i, nre drnwu under s pecia l teftulaiions. A p11lir/l!io u shonl
PAGE 43
43 sary J.,l a uk 11, in11lru c tiu1111 , d e., for l.l r: 1 wi n g nud trnru1• wi tti n g .1:111wpl t'!I uf fooda nnd ,! ru gs, lnc lud i n ; drinl.,1 o ! allkinds. CO l'I ES O F I .AWS , H U LJ ~S .\~!) m mm .. \TIO:KS, A::-i' D S T . \~H ,~l WS. nHzen11of the .:.tnre i n tcre,.tcd i n fcnitixeMI, foods an d dru~. nud ~toc l.: feed. C; 111 olit:1i n 1 fre-e o f ch: 1f1!e. t he r e111.ietti,e 1.,,. ..,$, including 1 : ull'I< :md U eguh,tions nnd St:nulnrd ~. hy :lpJll., iu.; !o lhe (.;u1iu n is,,iuner of .A grirnl tu rc ,,r 81:itc Ch , , m i~t .. \ppl! rutim , ~ fur the Qn~r1erl,v Bu lleii u of lhe :'!rue P1'J1t1r111 , r11t ,,r ,\~rir 11 lt 11•~ ~hm , Jrl a!,.,, h emmll' ,u 1Jw 1 ,,111111i~,i ,,11, ,,r .\;::-ri ,ultnrc n, :'lialc Cl wn1ll! I. 'rh e l.111 l letiu~ .. r lhli Flori]'l i rntiu11 to 1h1• Iii,~ tor at Gainl'>-vilh•. w ,, fre1 p1< tl,1 hn1~• ,.,i nqd ,s or "" ii .•.-ut i n r, w 11 1rn l .1 is m1< I a 1 ~ •)1H '>'1' TO ,uh ;'ls 10 thi• 1 ,.-.~\ m r> lhnd s of frt' (l h Z i n!-'. , E~r<'plin1,t i 11 , •.i:tr<' 1 1u• i•,is,•~. l' Uf h "" l lran Cla ~s, i' u1 'e Ran'1 1111<1 )l n<'l; l, :i u d ,.. 1 1 1<• 1 ,• i ~ 1 ,111 li t th, inrorma• tiorL fn he ,lnin d from : t ~., ;1 ;11111 1 .,l!i~ 1hat wou l,l he o f l ~•nr1it to fmnwr,.. ~ o 11111d , llcJ•'n1I~ on tihh, drni u ni;::c, r1 1 l1111 ""'1 , ,thrr r•h . •-~i,:11 ,•,ui, li iionl' thn1 nn n,., 11 ,wis made 1 111 ,J,,,. l;1l><,1•,it111y uli1i,,11s is of lictle v;1 lu c. ,\ , h em i ea l :ma\y,.i~ or n.-oi! 111:1 .1 i111 H rntu : 1 v , forti!e r;,,il. r ic h in 1 •h111t foml. whiW t he faC I I' ,ne the l'o i ll' nre n o t prod u cri.-e. ' l' hls ls in11. tnn .-~ d by the 1•ich 8nw;:rn~, m1w l. J11 11d,. anti r i ver I M>/10111~ of l h e Srnte, thnl nre rer• t ile cbemiraU., . but unl produc\i,(l un til proper!_ , . d ra i neil ; nl110.h . h enrltlln nd 11.nt1he,.ttt, rirhin1lle ell•mcnt~of 1 ,l:mtfootl , h11t tlM prndnr.ti1•e un til i rrigac cd. O t h l'l'l!O il ~. wilh If-I'll 1)1:ml f('J,(\t}, hut o n l l C<_'O UD lO f vrope r JJli., ~ieal cu udill n u ~. ,l11re :md tilth , :ire ex('('('diugly pt'Q, a s follow$: Nih "0!-, .... 11 {per CC II I..)., l ' m,u, 1, f 11t •r cent.) ........... . P hn~phoric . \rlc1 ( per ce u l.) . . ... O. O -J1 :1 O.OO!IJ . ..... . n. 1 6'.~
PAGE 44
Thi ll is a fair n1cr,1i,,'{! or :tll or the :,.",,rrnlk nnd l'or!~ moutl.t soil scrie~ o ( llw ii tn le, which conq ,1•i ijc 1,y fnr Hie grcnter portion o r 1he Stnte. In tliis li:lllllcrtion wc 11uotc frou1 !he l'eport of the ln dimia Agr ic,1lt11rol RxperiHH!nt SlaOou. l'urdue Uni• vel"l!ity, Lafayclte. Ind ., 11, followis: "Sou. A1P wbicll 11'ill 1111 t h e 11t. 't'l l ~ of that 1ic 11 hw so i l. Th e E x1oeri nu :u 1 !Srntinn doe11 1101 urwl.v1.e !>l1m11les o f soil lo de1eruoine 11,e fertili1.er 1-e-tl'm. I n whic h 1011g, n11rro11 1.1 si d e . 1'1i e , i~ 11l:111led u11 iforml_,. 01•p1 each. J)i ffe 1'f'.nf fert i lir.er~ ar,• appliPd fn t h e diffl't('nl pion, e 1 1 y t hird nr fourth one hcin;: IC'ft u uf1>rtifo.('( I. The 1•r0 from th,,~ p lot1< iij hnn <'~li' d _wparntcly :md " ei!!bel'\l than 011c _1 ear J,efo M drn"iog rlefinit•• co w :: ln~ion... Then• i " o,,itil•el y no cm1ier o r ~hort1•r 11w1hod of 1~1ing lli ti ,aoil t h ut \\e f~ ~arc in 1'E.'<'ommenrlinJ.!. "~oil ca n be ;::1:atl.1 i111J>NJ1'"('( 1 b_,. nn infl-lH;:l:('nt rota• ti o n of c ro 1,s, th tJ cn11>•t>nntio n of ~tnl>lc m,H1111c. : rn d t he U!!eO fl'on1cl.fnrlof,ncrcinl fltili1.•r. Farme1 -s n~d hav e no fCHr th n r Ille 111 oper (1J1f 1l i ~:t ti nn of c om me rcial fctti li , c r will iH] llll' lh e land."
PAGE 45
IN!--'l' l:IT' rTONS TU . \1 ANLT. \CT\Jf/Jrn S AND lJJ:: . \L E H::I . J ~nch p!ld.:age of Corn,nc r ci n l Fer!ilizc1•, nutl euc ll pn c k11 ;:c of Co 1111nerdal F ee di ng Stull", mn~L lw,e, se<:nrely all nc licd tllereto, u 111,; ,.-Ith the J.,'ll:lr.tntee,J :wn l .n•I~ rc qui ~ b_v lnw 11ml t h e ~1mnp ,i.ho,.i ng t h e paymen t llf the in~pector" s foe. Thi,i lll 'vl"i~i•m or the law, Sc.'ec t~ t, /l di l-iheriff to nAAiM in mnin• 1:1i11iu ;f t h,• l nw 1111tl prof('1i11i:tlm o:'iti,.
PAGE 46
M A RKE T P RICES 01'' CDE:'I H CALS AKD F.ERT IL IZ I NO MATER I ALS A T } ' LOHIDA S E A 1'O H1 '8, JANUAia 1, 1910. Le!!S Omu Ten too. tentons. andtwcr. Nitrnte of Soda, 17 p e r cent , \rnmon in .. ia:? .00 flll.00 Sul ph ate o f A mmonin, 2(i per <.i.'nt Arn moniu . . ...... .. .......... .. ..... 70.0fl G1.fl0 Dri ed Ulood,1U pe r cc 11tAm111oni 11 ... i,!J.00 5S.o0 Bigh G1wle Su!11hate of l'o rn~ L, I S per ... ,::ut. P ,:,rnsh tK,O) .........•.... . . o.oo J,t!L00 L ow Grndc 8nl p h:otc or P orn~h, :!G per e (ll;t~h ( K:O ) .... . 1 :':.0 11 1 2.00 0,111mla TT111,lw"o?pho~ic Aci,l •.................•.......... :e.u o 1 /nw n oi.l•, l l ~in1. ,\111n1"nia, :.!:! 11e1 , e11 t . l'l, 0,.1, h nric .\d(I .. ;\J.11() f:r uund C11~1< l',)111nct•. ;,.;.n 1)('r eenr . \rnn1n11ln . :.! per frnt Pho~phurie , \l"id 21i . OO H rlg! u C11t1on St'! . \/cul. T ,W JX'I' 1-ei.,t. ri ,:~t~~\ 1 ii n &;{i , ~;; 1 . .u ; ! ~;:~c , ;1. :; i .oo , \ ,:nmuu ia. . . 30.00 f3 !l.ll0 35.00 31.00 :l.'l.00 :::a.oo :::l.00 29.fl0
PAGE 47
Pl108P II OIIIC A CID. H igh Grad e Add ['h Ol, pbn te, 16 per c.:,nt. Avo i lahle l' ho 11 1 1 horit , \ d d ..... fHi . 00 $14 .00 A eid l'h os p h ute , 1 1 JJCr cent. Avuilobl e P hOJ1phoric , \ c i d ... ..... .......... 14.00 1 3.00 B one llln d:, li pe r cent. Avaih1h le Ph os phor i c Ac id ..• . 2ti . OO 24.00 Odor leu r1i o~pl m te, H per ccnl. A vnil• a\JJ~ PhOl!J )bo ric Acid .. . . .... .. 25.00 24.00 J\11 8C ELl .,INOOUS . Hi gh Graj e Onmo,I To\Jacoo St e ms , 2 l loer ce11t. Allllllonta, 8 p e r cent. P otn~ h ( K , O ) .. .... .... ..... ...... 22.00 21.00 Hi gh Grade K en tu c ky T obacro Stem s, 2.50percent.Annuonia,l0pe r een l. P "ttuslo (K,O) . . .... . ... . .. . .. . .. . . 25.00 2 1. 00 T o bacco 1) 11~1 , No. I. 2 per cen t. A111 lll01Jiu, :! , per cent. l' otash (K, O ) .. . . 25.00 2 1 .00 C ut Tob01 : co Siem~ , 2 per ce nt. Am 1nonln,,t pereen 1. Poh1>h ( K,O) . ... 20.00 10 . 00 Dar k 'rob,1 ceo Stem~, baled. 2 pe r eeut. Ammooi". 4 ('Cr cent. Pota s h ( K,O ) .. 10.00 18.00 L and Pla s t er . . . ..... 12.00 l1.00 T he c hnr ;,reti b~ l'l!JHHab l e mu u ufocturers fo r m i xi ng sud bag;: ing ully P liet'i a l or rt.'g u l ar fo rm n l a are $ 1. iill pettoo i n cx~c@s of 11hove prices.
PAGE 48
,, NEW YOl!K WllO l ,T•:S. , \T,B PRICES , CUI'IRENT JAN. 1, l !:1 10-FJ•:l:TILIZER MA'I'EUIAl,S. A mmonia, ~ulphnte, torcign, Jll'Qtnl ll, p e r lOOpou11d 1 .................... ~.65 @ fnhires . . .. .......... .... 2.M @ A mmouia , sulp., 1l o1 11C11lic, ~ pot ...... , 2.67@ fntuf't!ti .• , •...•.•... . . . ..••. 2.f>v@ I<'i~l, ~cn 1p, drit-d , 11 per ceut. u.n1111011h1 mul 1-1 Jierccnt. b ouc 1•h os1)hnte, f. o. b. fish works , per uult .. ... ..... . .. . 2.85 & 10 wet, ncldulated , 6 per ce n t. tunmon!n , 3 pe r cent. ph08 J)horicneld, f. o. b.fisb worka 2.35 .\ 31 Ground fi;,b gunno, impo 1 ed, 10 und 11 percent. ammonia and 15li per cent. bone ph os phn1e, c. i. r. N. Y., Blllto. or 1'l1iln ......... .... ....... 3.00 & 10 'l'nnknge , 11 pcree11t. nnrl Hi JJer cent. t. o. b. Chicago ......... .. . . . .. ... 2. 75 @2 . 80&1 0 T11nlmi,-e ,e ,.m<.~11!r1111J1l,t. o. b.Chlcago, U to 15 per~nt., b. Chicago ..... .. 2.7G @ Garbnb~tnnkngc , t.o.b.Ohicago . . , .. 8.00 @ Sheep m3nure, concen tra te d , !. o. b. e:!:!;: , r:. tChic11go , per unit.::~:~ 3 DriP.d blood , 1213 Jll!r cent. ammoui11, ~h~~:g..,""~~ -~-ork .. .' . .'.'.'.:.:::. :::: :: tg~ Nitrntc of s.1d 11, 95 per cen t 11pot, p e r 100 p ouud~ .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . . (riJ 2. 10 futureli , 95p c rccnt.. @ 2 . 1'1 Aci d pbAAplmrc , p e r unit....... .. -1 .r.fi @ ll o n e;i, ~~fi\~1~1:1! 'd 1 ~~i:~~~d. : .::: ground , ~ t r.m u wl, I 1: 11er ('('1Jt. n mmoni:1n11dt;Oper <'cot.bonephO!l p l.tate ..... 11.00 'i) tlitto.3no
PAGE 49
" rawgroun ,J ,4perceu l .amt.f\o• niaaud50percertt.bone phosphate . . .... . .... .. . 26.00 @ Snuth C11rolinn Pb osphute rock, u,1dried, per 2,.100 lb s., f . o. b. Ashley River ........ .. ... .... . . ........ 5.50 @ South Carolina Pho sp hat e rock, ho tairdried,f .o.b.Ashl eJ River .. 7.00 @ Floridu land pebble phosphate rock, U 8per een t.,f. o.b. P ortTam1H1 .. .. 3.75 @ F lo rida high grade pho s phnt e bard l'od.:, 77 per cent., f. o. b . Florida or Oeorgin ports. ... . . .... . . ... .. 7 @ 1. ' ,m o essce phosphate roc1: , r. o . b. , Mt. P !,:iu sant , domMtic, per ton, 78@80 percent ......... . .. . ...... . 7 :i per ceot. gunr:rn te ed .. US@72pereent. . Mnria te pot11~l1, basis 80 per ce nt , per {>. 0 0 @ 4,75@ 4.25@ HlO poundH .. . .. . ............ ... . ,1.90@ Mau um salt. 20 per cent. actual pohu;h 14. 75 @ double manure ~ . air, 48 per cenl.... 1.10 @ Sulphlltepotash (ba&laOOpe,cent) .. 2.181/,:@ Kahiit , in bulk, 2,24.0 pounds. . 8 .5 0 @ 27.00 5.75 7.25 ,.oo 7.50 5.50 5.00 4.50
PAGE 50
"' STATE VALUATIONS. For Available and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid, Ammoni a and Potash fo, the Season of 1910. Al'ailah l e Phosphoric Add .......... . . 5ccutsnpound ln,;o lu ble Pho s ph or i c Acid .. .... ....... lccnt a pound Annnunia t oi il l!e qnivale n t in nitro;,'en ) .l6ccnt~ a pound l'u1:uih ( as actual Jmtash, K,OJ . . ..5} c eubsavuuud lf <:nle ulalctlhyuuitg-. Ava i l~ble Phnij11hori e Acid. . . ... $ 1. 00peruni t lnsolul>le l'ho~p ho ric Add . . .............. 20 c. perm1it AmmHuia {or its equ ivale nt in nitrogen) .. $J.:Wperunit P ow. sh . . . . . . ... . .... . .. . . . .. . . ...... l.lO{J< ~ runit With a un i fo r m allowauceof$1.50perton for mixini: and lm~ging. A un i t is t wenty pounds, or 1 per cen t, in a to n. We flnd this to be the 1 :.i~ic•s l and qu icke,;.t method for caku lnling the value of f ert il izer . Toillusl r lltethis , tal.:efor ei::uuvlc u ferti!ioo1 wbicli analyze~ os follow11: .'\n.1iluhle l 'bOl.t'r~ nre h o ugh! nl interior JlOints , tb. e additiona l freight to th at poiut mu1t be added.
PAGE 51
If purcha11ed in carload Jot11 fo r ca.11h, a reduct i on u r teu pe r cent.c an bemudtlin abovevo.luution,, i.e.; Avai la b le Phrnsphurk Acid . . .... . !JO t-euts p er \l t1 it l'U lll8 h ( h'. , O ) . . .. .. ....• !J!l t~Dtll per uuit A . uu nouia to r equivaleut in n it 1oge11 ) . . f'.!. 88 per uu it The vnluationsand rnnrl.:et 1 ,r i ces i n pre•-edlni;;:llllltitra tion1nrcbn11t.~o n marketprice,sforooe toul ott. S' rATE VA LUES. I t ls not intended b_ ,. !be "St a te ,nluat io n " to fl .1: the pri ce o r t on 11ner1inl v11l11ti of u gil' eu b ra nd. 'l'hll " Stllte vnhtCJ< " are the murket prlc ee fop thll , iou .11 1 1 ppn, ved ch e mll-nl11 nud rna1{'1 a!11 u~ ed in mi:d11g or rwrnufn c t u rin g tommc 1 1:ia l fertili U!MI or c ommercinl stocl,; ft1.-d at t he dntcor i!ll!ui ngo Hulleliu , or the opllnini; u f tb e",cu, 11." They may, b ut ;;eldo111 do, vary fro m !h e 1uarket prhfl , um! are made libe ra l to meet any ~light ndvnnee or decline. They ar e eo mpilctl frou1 J11 ie c Jis b tuul comnmn:lnl re J )01'18 b y rcputalJl e d enier• nud jomunl11. The qnc,;tio n is fn:<. 1u ently a!!llee 1hm-. The !State Yah1e" i s 1i w11 Jy lbnt 1,ri ee u t wbiclt the l'D 1 o1111 iugre d ieur s nt '<.'e>'lll l r,• t o use in co m pound i ng a fer tlll1 .er, o r fl"Cd, enn b e p111-choacdforcaah 1,. l t.m Iola ot/-"loridu.caporM. These 1 1l"it~ lisui i n on e 11ml teo•ton lo! ~ nre 1 1uhli~hcd ln thlH reJKlrl,wlth the "St:nc value s" fur mm Uedo ctcd th e 1 ef r o m.
PAGE 52
t.-0.M l' OB I TION OJ,' 1<'1::UTlLlZJ ;; u .MAT l ::UIAL.s. NITROOBNOUS MATEIUA . LS.
PAGE 53
FACTOBS FOR CONVERSION. TocoovcrtAmmonia ioto n itrogen, multiply by. . 0.S'J.l. A111111011ia into protein, multiply by . . 5.15 N itr ogen iutonmmonia, mulliply by..... 1. 214 Kill-oteofeodainto uilrogcu,ruul t iplyl1y ... .... J G.4 7 N itr ogen in to protein , rnn lt ipl.r by .... _ ..... . . ... G.25 H one p hos1 lhate inlo pho~1)huric acid , multiply hy 0..158 ]'ho~phork acid into bone phos,,lrnte, mu lti p ly by 2. 1 81 M u1inte of potn11h in(o actua l pot a~ h, multiply b.v 0 .6 :J2 Adnal pot: ,~h into mnriate of pola1,h, multi ply by 1 . 5S:l S u !pha1e o f pot:16h iuto actual JH'.m1 11 li , multiply by 0 . 5-11 A, :tunl putnsh int o su lphat ,:, ofyotn~h, mult ip ly by 1 . 85 Nitrnt e of potn~h into noll'ogc u . multiply by . .... 0 .1 :1!) Carbonate of pot,1~h int oadun l 1 ;otoijh ,mult lp l_r\Jy 0 . 6S1 .\e tunl 1 1ut11~h i nt o carbonoCeofpornsh,nrnltiply h.f lAGG Gh!<>r i ne. in kain it," multiply potnsh ( K,O) :,..... . 2.33 Fot Instance, you buy !J5 per cent . of nitrate of sodn a n d w:t"I to k now \Jow m u ch nitrogen is in it, mu!ti(1ly !J5 per teut b.v IG.4 7 , yo n will get l ti.G 5 per eent. nitrogen; you w :m i . lo know how uiuch nm m onia th i uifrogen is equi,al e ul t o. t he11 u1u li.ip l y lfi.1; . ""i vc t'Cnt. \Jy 1.'.:!1-1 a ud ~-< u ~ei 1 8.!J!) Jlllr eeut., 1h,:, 1Cns in tcr e~tcd in the fertilir.c1• an(! ~tock fee d !awe oftloeStace. an ddesiriug to a vail them se lves of 1hcir pro tectiou, c1111 obtain co p ies f1'() of charge by 8ending for same to the Commissione r o f Agr icutt me. COPlF.S Ol ~ TJJE P U R E F OOD AND DlWG LAW. Co1iil'l! u f the Pu r e l<'oo d :,ud D rng L aw, rules aud regn• lation ,, stnndardg, blank~, de., ~uu be ol>tniue(l frorn tli..: Commi~sioncr or Agriculture.
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SPBCT ,\ L SAMPLES . lt is shown by th e number of "Spcch1\ Snrnplel!" (those Mint in direct b y t h e p11['('h11ser n f f ertiliicri,, or feed~\ that the Jaw is becomi11g more generall.v understood h.v the fHrmer,fruitand ,e1,-etablegrower. Purchasel'l! whohnvc a11y reason to do ubt the correctne!lij of the guornn1ee on the goods furnished the m, shoul d not hesitate to se mi ir, snmplcsfor11n 11nillyi;is . This right !O lrnvc o sample of the gOOf ls 1m rehn!!ef l aualyre d b_ \ . the Slate Chemist, 1111der ~lion 9 of tht• lnw w ilhout charge-the iuspectio11 f ee,; eo~ering 1he cn~t of nnnl,Fi11. n11 well ns inspection hm ; doohth ~RS had a direct in Hucnre 11pon rhe increa~ed 11uality or the ~oods sold in the State. When 1•roperl.Y tlrawn, !Sea l e d , wit nel'$<'d nnd i.rnnsmitted, 1!1e "Special Samplt)" has w o,ed asafegunrdiother,onsumcr ,l egilimatcdealcraudruanu fadurer, mid a check upon t he careless , ignorant. or fraud11le11t,endorormnnufaetu~r. It fi,rni :t hcs the Ci1.s11mer with t h e same protrction drmandcd by the monufactun;r, 1vho lmy 11 hi ll ,notcriolll only tr/lOn the guara,.tce, and payt, for Mcm accordi11f1 to Ol!{ll!J8i8. Hyfurthclarge;i1 amountofcommercialferti!if.ersused iD Florida are manufacture d or mh:ed b y f a ctories in the Stntc. Large 11mount~ of fertilizing mnterials 11.re imported dire ct b_y foctorie~ and defllP.rl'I locilled nt our seapo1t citici;;; c11rgocs n f potusb ~a lt11 d irect from Ger mn11y 11re now fre!]ucni ly 1-eceived h,v Florida importer~, "bile !urge nmoun l 11 ofucid plrns pb uteare mnnufact11re<1 ut 111111 exported from the vnrio1111 Gulf and Atliwtic J>Of\JI,. Floridn consume)'!, may now pmcbasc their fertilizers nud che mic als nt F l orida seaport11 as cheaply as nt nny of the SCll J>0rt11 of the country. Tn hle;i of th!.l arern1,,e composition of feeds and fer tili7..cr materials will be found in thi ~ Bulle tin. The con• ~mner 0bould consult Them, comJ)llt"tl the !("narantec 1ag therewi lh, nnd if doubtful of the tru tllfulm_,s s of th. e " i:-1mranfec," ire nd 11 "Si,eciul Sample" i n a tin can to the Commi~sioncr of Agriculture fo r analysis, na directC'
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" AVERAG.f; COMPOSITIO N O~' COMM ER CIA L FE1':DST UF FS NAME OF FEEp llrigbt Cott'11 Seed Meal :1.35 3\l .70 2s.oo 1 .sol 5.so Dark Cotton Swl Mea l 20 . 00 22 . 90 37 . 10 l'i. 5 0 l'i.0 0 T,i m,eed Meal, o!d process . .. . .. .. . . . . 7 .GO 35.70 36.00 7.20 5.30 Lin!ICW Mea l, new pro reaa .......• 8.4.0 36.10 36 . 70 3.60 5.20 Wheat Bran. 9 . 00 1 6.4.0 5;1.90 4. 00 5.80 WbeatMidd!inge . 5 .4 0 15.40 59.40 4.10 3.20 Mixed J,'eed ( Whea t).. 7.80 16 .90 54.40 4..SO 5 . 30 Ship Stuff (Wheat)., 5.60 14.60 5 9.80 5 . 00 3 .7 0 Corn (grain ) . Cor11 M eal . 2.10 10 . 60 69 . 60 5.4.0 1.50 1.90 9.70 68.70 3.80 1.40 Corn C.Obe. . 30 .10 2.40 54.!l 0 0.50 1.40 Corn and Cob Mea l.. 6.GO 8 .50 64.. S 0 3.fiO 1.50 Hominy : Feed . 4.05 10.50 66~10 7.85 2.5fi Corn and Oatlt, equal parts. . . .. . . . . .. 5.70 1 0.5 0 Oi.20 4.40 2.20 Com an d Oat Feeds . . 12.10 8 .70 61.70 3.70 3 . 20 Barl e y ( grain) . . 2.7 0 12.40 69.80 1. 80 2.40 B11r! ey Sprout$ . 10 .90 27.:!0 4 2. 70 1.00 15 . 30 Ba rle y a n d Oats , equal part~ . 6 . 10 12.10 64..75 3 . 40 2.70
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AVERAOJo] COYPOSITION OF COMlll ~ RCIAI. FE ED STO}'FS-(Conl1niied.) ---~ I ! I ; l h ] l a -----Lil"' NAME 01'' FEED . OaUI ( r rnin) Rice (graiu J Uice Brau . . Ulceilul11 ... Rye (grnin). Rye Brau. Wheat (grai11J .. Cow P ea .. Cow !'en Ra.r. 9.50 11.80 59.70 l'i.00 3.00 6.10 16.00 59.40 7.10 3.70 0.20 HO 79.20 0.40 o.,o 9.50 12. 1 0 49.90 8 . 80 10.0 0 35.70 3.00 38.60 0.70 13 .20 1.70 10.60 72.60 1.70 1.90 3 .50 14.70 03.80 2.80 3.60 1. 80 11.90 71.90 2.10 1.80 4.1 0 20.80 5:!.70 1 .40 3.20 20.10 16.f,0 42.20 2 . 20 7.60 V e lvet &noa and Hulla 9.20 19.70 5L10 , u:;o 3.30 Velvet Bean II111 . 29.70 U.70 , tl.00 1.70 5 .70 Beggarweed Hay . 24 .7 0 21.70 30.20 2.30 10.90 WireGr11R11Hay . :n.s u 5.so 48.GO um a.so Cotton Seed (whole) .. 23.20 1 8.40 24.70 19.00 3 . 50 Cotton Seed JJ,11!a 44.4 0 , t..00 36.GO 2.00 2.60 Gluten 1'ttd. Bed Scrap. 5.30 !!4.00 6 1 .20 10.60 1.10 44.70 3.28 H.75 29.20
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" C0.11Hll::I!CIA L STA TE VA L UES OF 1''EEOSTU1"PS FOR 1910. For the ecaso u of HllO the !o!l owiug "Sta ie v aluee" arelixedu.tag u i d e topun::baBer8, TbCl!C value11 are bw!cd on tl1e curren t pri ce of c orn, wh kh hoa be<'n chosen as a etnndnl"d in fixing tb.e com me r ch1 I rnluea ; the pric e of co rn , to a lnr geu t e nt , gor erningtli ep r iceof o tbe r foeda, porli:, betf,etc.: CO)l:.JEII.CI.IL VA!.UE8 01!' F8E09TU FFS r'OII l fl! Q . P rotci n ,3l ce uta J lel' p ound ........... 65 cents pe r unit Btnn:b o m.I Sugu r , ll ce nts per pound .. 30 ee n u1 pe r unit Fa ta,3l ce n t, pe r poun d ...... .... .... Gt!, ce nt s per unll .-\ unit bei n g 20JIOUDds ( 1 pe r cen t ) o f a to n . I nd i: mc ornbeingtheata nd or d @f3l.00 J ie r to n. To 6n d, t he C-Oru~ r eiol State y a l ue , m ultl 1 1l7 the per oentllge& b y the price pe r un i t , t ;XA)ll'LE No. 1. DOMI N Y FEEDl ' rotci n ...... . . .. 10 110 x r.r~, f 6.83 Sta r c h n od Sugar .65.._10 x 30c, l!l.59 Fat ........ . ... .............. 7 .Sa .1 65c, 5. 1 0 S t ale ftluc per to n .. ................... $3 1. 52 F.U , }J Pr ~ N o .2. CORN l' z-o i ciu ... . .... . .... .. 10 .!I 0 x G !le, t' G.8-1 Stnrch uud Suga r .69 . G0 x :'lOc , 20.88 F at ... . . ... ............ ... . . 5 .40 .1 6/ic , :'l.5 1 Stat e Ynlu e per t on ... . . . 1.22
PAGE 58
FORMULAS . There are frequent inq ui r ies fur formulus for vurioua crops; 1.he ,-e a1-e l nrndreds of 1mch formul a a p ublis hed; and while there lll"tl bundre
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" Stat11 n111e mls:od nd bt.gp d . nus Pl.a.at Food per \011.. ll l ( R } " F R UI T AN D V INE. " Ftult 1, Melo n ,, Straw be rt l~. Poi.toeo: Ammonl1 4 per eent., A.,.Uabl e Ph""pbor k: Acid 7 per cent . Pot.uh 10 per ce n t . 8tatevaluoml:reda11db1 gg11 d . . Pl r. nt Food per to n .• Sta t e va lu~ mixed and ba.gge d . riant Pood i>erton .. .... uuo 440 po,,. n d l .• U I. H 428 po1 11uh 10\I U :i• o f Nitrate o r (17 per ce nt.) : 3.97 Ammonia too lbs of Cotto n Seed M eal ( 7 i-! I-H l.. } 100 11 ,..or Sulp, or Am. (U per ce n t.) .. . 8.30 ,oo ll fAcld P bo 1phaH (16 pe r cent). U 7 Potash ~lbao t 8u l p,o f Potub t 48pe r cen t.) State nl u e m! uwl. and bl.l'pd,, . . Plant Food p e r ton . . . .. '32 . 18 0 5
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.. ,._.__ .....,,.~,amuaa,ouo..,_.,,._ ~,,.,_..._._. .. .,.__ ....... ,._.,....-~ .... _,.., ... , ...
PAGE 63
~ ,:~-; :[ ~ ~: ~ =: I ' w: :: 1i ~ : m i =t::.L__L___L--L....L.e,_ __
PAGE 66
--~--wnc:i..i.nimuu:z~~-mo. ,_ ___ ,,.__ ... .. ..... "'... , ... ~.... ,..,. ... -.
PAGE 72
a. .. -............ ....,.,.~""' "'" .... ~"~"'""""' ... ..,._,._.,.__ --~--,-1 , I -l'. ';, ~.=~ !1~{~:i~~~-(~i. [
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R ""'" " '"•C ........ orr!C!ALJ"UDHNO., ~. , ... ,., ~ r-.r.o.., . , .._,,,..,, .. ...,_,... .. .,..,.,.c,,., .. ,,.,,. ,. ..,.....e_., s ,, _ ,_, , .. " "' A,,.., ,. ,..,,~ ,
PAGE 78
I '! ' j : i ! ! , u h ' ~ :-1l . nnr 1 ! iHH l ; .l -l LU=~ ! J S; Ii '
PAGE 79
DlPHTIIDTMl....,..T'O UDml!O•M .. __.T -.. ~;;,;~
PAGE 80
, . u . . ... -•'-"--• . . . -
PAGE 81
PAR'.rIV . The C i trus Grove , It s Location and Cu lt ivation .
PAGE 83
THE CITRUS GROVE , ITS LOCATION AND CULTIVATION. b y P . H . RO L FS, M . S . Director Fl o r id a Agri c ulturnl ~xpe r imcnt Station, and S t ale Supe rin tondeut of F n r rners' Iu st i lutes , U n iversity of Florida , Gniues,•ille. CI TRUS CULTU R E . CJIOOSING A J .OCA T !O!'.-. ' f hechn r nc1erof F loridn so ilsis , 11rinb lc loaco11 s idH Ohle exl cn l. I::, e n in th e ~umc ,itiuity .-arious kind,; o f so il,; lll ll,l ' u<:c u ,. 'f h ~o ,ury from a -.:la,\' to l o110 1 y, R11ndy, un tl m arl y aolls . Sornc of l h e rn, a l so, ure mnck soils. Cluy Soil is one of the lles t fo r drrns :trowing when it is fuund in 11 ,rnrru l 't.':; t:i on. l.eAA fcr1lll1.1;1 is l '('(JUiN!d and the t l'N)I) are p rodu c1hc, l,c:iring :m u n usua ll y line l')m1li1,, of fru it if the soi l i @ propn l ,, l rnndled. Loamy Soil. 'f h is i ;, t he tba r ac1er o r the MWer . Wht'u it is nhHO!il J.Urc ~and it lll'IX'lll'!!11 hite , nml i11 u~unlly consi dered nn unfo ,.nrnhl e flnll. , \ forly ,"Joi/fl occ11r in eome sect i on~. Arter n coneide r nlile n1 u 01rnt or h um ns l utl! l 11.-e11 worked into t h e ~tiff
PAGE 84
wnrl , they u mke good i'Oil~ fo r dtrU $ tr ees. I n the ir ~ ~~7}1 ~' ~ \ ~\~!: 11 ~ 11 i~ 1 :;~t; \ n~::~st~ ~:. 11 ,\ 1 :u: :1r::~i~i~ /:~ ~::; to suffe r wore o r ICM frot11 d1ebatk, senlt• imil't:11;.. aut.l ot h er 11uch di"'1rdcrs. 'l "hi11 cout.lition , howcl"t'r, pa""'-!,! o ff 11~ lhc 6'l il b<.<t!t or r cm s !u gi c ~:;~1 1 ~'.'. n ~'~' (]I ~::;.1 ,t;~r; : ~u ~;;~; _c. o f A/~~~ R rn~11 ~ ~ \ ~t:.:::~i;~ ;i v~1 ,i:: : thoroogh !!lnu, or tllt h , the_r p1od ucc ci:ccllc11t U<' f! S o r citr u s frui t.11, unleSII the muck ~ n:!maiu ra w in fo r m anti cc m rn in a contddcrnhlc amount of bumlc acirl. 'I'H.1-: XA'l'Ul?Ar, G l :OWT H .4.S A~ INDE X . llu. m111ock. lt j9 in our nntini l1 am ir )()d:~ t h : , t the wild c ilr11R gn, v es OC<"llr, fn sont(' l' e;: i on11 th 1111Mml~ of tn><.. 'l! bu ve l.c en tr,msplnnlcd rl-om th ese (1 )(1 nn t iw g1-01 ' c>!. t o hi g h er 11 111<1 ~. Ju other pl:w e s the lia111111 ock~ w<.:re t:lenne , J np, l eal'iU~ t he orHn )! s sce !.. 'J h , '1'<: wil d 11 -ee~ we r e alwn.,~ found 1 0 be til e ,;o u r Ol":1 11!,'l!. Al t he J)t-cs::!n l time th e h,111 , mock l : mtl $ arc regarded : 1~ t he hlc nl ones for i fru11 cullnr<'. 1'h eg rell! l'Qlil f n e<:es,,,iry to ch:nr thc,-re U(Jth o r ,m gh l~J, ;18 in nu11.1,1 en!!ls rletcrt-ed 1 ,e,,l' l e from m akini: USC<)ftht:W. f{,,l/i11yJ' i11c . 'fh<1hiJ!hc1 1 ,ine! and s,mn11Jo1 lrs.~ 1! in g, u pon w hi<-1, loni:t•lcnf pi ne 11'N'I! :ire gl',•wi10g. g iv e 11 ~ tJlll C nf 1he l lt'~I d11 11 ~ ln m \ ~ w e hn ,, l i11 1h e !-ltn ( e. 1'11 C$P l nnil~ :n"l! cnRily , l e a rc wew•r, they will N''] H il'C littl e or TIO more fcl' t i li 7.Cr th!IIJ th ~ m.ljaL•.:-n l l1m11mock~ Cabb a .'J C f'n/m c tlo f111, u111nc k. Th n~e h:irmu o cb d iffe r rr om t i lt' hammock~ 1 1ropc r in t h nt the,v nm Hij1Jnl1,v n 1 ort• nr le~~ c-o Yer ed witll ll'ntc r for n purr or •he .,tnr. Th e cnhlin,:!;e pn.lmet(o i~ the 1 1redom i11ati ng tree. Wheren1
PAGE 85
83 the lan,J is h i gh eJJough abol'e t h e adjaceut water, tl1et1C llrnd11 mny be drained and brt>11i;lit inw l!crv i ee for ci tru11 r u l t ure. When JJl'Operly ha1Hlled, t h eJ ninke 1 \m d n gour Lest dtruM gru1es. Sllell H111nm oc k .1'bese ditrcr fro m the other forms of h ammoek in that tbe ,roil i~ com 1M•!'Cd, lo (l gretner or 1cm; d egree, or >!hell. The tree11 111:1nally g:1ow off J)NJm111l,, a nd m ake a goo d 1:1ho~ i ng, but.1:1001,er or l nrer are apt to \)I' nffe<::!ed sen::re l~ with di el>ack; nm.l while iu many ,:11!Cs n10lll u eellc 111 fruit i s rni"'!d on 11 1, e ll hu1111nnd:>i they r ~JU ir\'a ~pedal a nd Cflref u l tren tme !lt. T his char. acte, of lnn1 \ rnn~ 8a!dy be u~ed h.1 tb~ who 111-e Cl [J lt! rl in himd li ug c itn J~ tree,,. Dm incd T.a,ul1. l,n ke bed~ nn d other lnnd~ sometime,; called pl'uil'ie, 1 !Jnt are high enongb fo p,e rmit of 1 horoug h drainugt. hm"e be-en nBC: n t:C' hara rtnorb 11d ii!IIJ>:1lall, ,l ercl nnd mot,:i o r IH@ eovercS rtr e 11.'l'n,• . B y hm~l1mn. we s ho11h1 nn,Jnlr lr,,s imp1:1ri<> 11 l": l
PAGE 86
84 fi ~ d~~i1tn~-,~~~~h~~ti~~}~Ol~i:~ n ! 11 tht:lslu~:>e~ 1,roken through 1,y mean s of 1,lowi n :;. In such Cllfi~nt time. SJVcmlid citru~ m ch11rd~ t•Ccm on Ju n d6 of t hifi kiu d , but they hllVe been hrought out lo,1 expeds ,md at the coot of mu c h more 1h11n W<. >11 M l o,1v<' [1e.-, 1 , net'f'"l':1 1 ',V on lands h e1f Pt ' a ,l:1p t Nl fo r itru!l g 1\\ 11J: . 111 11 ,Miliun lo 1h i s. lh<.'lolure 11ws th ,1 1 :111' ~11hj<•c1 (n 111'111,I" flis01>tl('l'S. RITE OF Tim Gnoyr,;. J111111r,1in1rly 11r •on (h•, din: 1ha1 one 1rishc~ to 1, l:111t n !("l'<'Ye. he ~h onld ~t•lect 1hc hc~1 ~i1c 1hat ran 1,c 1wormcil .-\ l("l'Par n rnn_,. 1111C1' ll C<'f'fS~ Hl
PAGE 87
<.la.,-~ to h n nl thi~ frnit. If loea1ed oue-half thnt di stnnee, it wnultl J't'•piil'e ouly rhree,w fonr 1hiy!! . .\ ! lowing alx>ul $1 " ,lay for rLiiwu,k, the haulin~ of the fruit fro111 tbe lll f Hl > tlist"nt g1c 1nml d i 11r1ea;;c the l'OSi about $8 per ,1e 1 (•. w hid, amou11t nrn~t Ix "11:11;:: ed a~ a11 :rnn11:1l fa:,: , F rni,1 tlii~ the i111en t1 i 11g p1ud1;,~n l"m, 1-e:1tlilt c:ilr:u!ntc how mnf'h 111me hii ,-a n nffvnl (o 1•:1., 1•rn1 .or1io na tc l., to, lau , l in , lui-e wuximi t _,. to the l':t il road ~In lion 1-",.,M l'rulrdi.,11 . Th en , arc nn 1 mr1 s or 1-'lodda 1!.Jat nrc,i1"C•l_r frtt l"run1 n<(:,~ionn) frosts. : 1 11d in 1 noi-t parts of The S1ale r,.,..cr.ing we;,Owr m.,_,. l>e e.x1we1<-,l IO o, :cnr (luri11;: c, e 1 -y winte1. The, -, , a,-e a f," i~ol awd pla~~ how e,•, .,-. lhn t ~" favo,nl>ly Joralcd that freeziug weathf r iij or ta1eo<:,:11n"' "'iii not frre?.t , i!I' " " frui1. Tr . how cl"e r . th .-. drop gO('s lower. say to ;ol••u t '.?fl 01 ~i; d e~i t'<' ~, R!'Y , _[ 1 . •il' a h le 1" hmps-.me fo1n1 of J>1•uter 1i o11 ng,1i11st N•ld. l\"atr1 l'n,tr,-t ;,, ,,, \\'a t ,J>r"Ol<'rtio11 pro1 c1< to t,c one ., (jl,phpstshPlfrrsm :: ainsl .,,,,ns i onn l .-c, l , l d, 1_ ,-., in win t er. It Ila ., hc,•n f,mr,,I 1lin1 1 e~i"n~ lontte •l iu l :11ge l,0,1;,,~ o f w:1 1 rr.n1withnno1 hnu., :1ste1n andw e>'le1 np1t,,,:tiou of \\" H in, nic 11111<-h 1,,,-~ ~nl,_i<'rt 10 ,(,.op~ ;., !<' lll ature r h:m lltP.•e thnl ,.,.,. <'Xf'"S l' ! ~r, mi1111t{',j uf J,1 (i t 11de. J ': vrn 11, ,r th ,,r this rP_don s011w (Ir, .-, ~1•oycs onnr lhnt ha1,:, heen prohdrd I,,, nrl ifid nl m,,rns. 1"l 1 r Hu• ,1
PAGE 88
ers i n thc Stt1te lmn: found that hammock protection ii tJUite ;, ;; rcm;ible a11 wate1 prvlec t ion. By l on1(iug in a large lw nuuock a nd ~e curiug the suLoun<1iug la11 ll kl' l,1 1 0 be ~criously , l nnrnJ.,'Cd ll:,mech:tnicn l in j 111., from the se a winol~. 'Wh t r e jt 1J c,u111e~ dc,,.i, ahle lo l:t11t a :,!]'MC wilhin !ht! iuflucnce nr tltu ~c, l wi11d~. it is n,iy iwpmta ut t hat a str i p o r ham , ,ock ~ h ould l;e ldt a s a wind pro 1 edion . ff thi~ is uot : ,,.ni l al,le. n p,ole eri ng 1 w of trr-e,; ~h o nld Le planted. The un 1frc !J :, y ti'<'e r e.-i.'(!n winds 11cll . b u t prubnhly nmueh Letter t ree for th eJJnrpose is t h e cnmp hor . 1'.HEPAHJNG THE LA"ND. Cltul'i11g 1/w F icM .-ln prqinring fo r a titrus orchard , i1 is iu q,ortn u t that all native tr ees, stu m pi; ,md o th cr ma1e1ial s hould he remo,e
PAGE 89
87 lmt there should uo l Lie a large n1m1 l.,t,r , ce ,1niul,1 not 1Uo re tlu u1 vuc humh-ed to oue l11111dr eJ 1111,J fifty to 1. b e acre, a nd , or oo ur 11e, nil or thO!;C ,1t;currl11~ in the l'OW!I 1\11e1:ll'l'..'Cill,hOUltltau,lmight tube N!IUOl'ed. l.iVL'(lak.s :.111tl Cl!Jll.'<:i:llly pincis arc found to~ very in j ul"iut1s to 1he i;rt.>w!h or citrus tree11 . ll i 11 110\ i 1u1>01s ~il,lc fo 1 :1 perwu to m nke II goo d gr ove i11 n 1\eld lhllt i 1:, full of ~tullJpi,; u1Hl dclwh1. The dJU n 008, huwc1c1, ure lll!ll'h agaius\ hil l making :i 11111:cc;.,; . He ll"Ollhl b e lhe CX~-C t )liou Co tho.J 1 k i f h e did ,w, /J1 -c~l.i11y u111l Plowin9 . Afle1 U1c fiehJ h as l)cc n thor• .. 11ghly ;: r 11hl.,cd niul freed frow all uh1,1rudiooij in &ig:h t, ThtJ m•~ I imi,urHull step is to 1,low 1lu i la nd thumnghly. l•uriui:thi80 I X'M1tionul11rgcllmoun_!of1 00\11uudunder• ;:J o1111U 1r0Fli will he \11nK-d "IJ '.fll11:111)/11y . -) lo st 1 1(,'0ltle who :ire int cndin:: lo ])Ht ,rnt II d1lns gro1c OC-eon,e i w 1mli e11t for II n"t' -1111 1. ("OIL!!('l"jllCntly.,11-cloomuchi1111 h11l' r_l" tOj1lomtt1"(!1~. 'l'he ~,e1 e d,a11go llrnt has tnken 1, l :, cc or, the lnnd Ly the r1'111ov,1l or the for('St nnd the bun,in:; or 1he ~\umps h:1, set up a di~tnrbmJ< ' e in the ;.oil. The lnncl 1 he1-eforc , i ~ iu mo!OI rn~<'" 1111fi1 10 ,,'t'cin, t1n~ t hiu1,: l,11! 1he moet ril,!Ol'(H18 plnnt~. If the l ield is prc pnn, J In linw to be pl:mtcd ro n rrop or v egelahlo>t<. thi!O is hi;ihl_,, m h •i~able. 1 'h~ ,e,:.ct:1h 1 ~k will be ,_ :i 1Tecte d b. 11w ll(hen,ae ton dili<>1111 tbllu n r e t h e dtniJ< fl-eet<, and e~n ir they 11 hould he ad••e!'flely 111Tec1ed it would mean onl_v the lO!II< of oue fl'"!> 1111<1 would u o l l;e connnnniratCl.l to the !!H<"Cl'<.'iling ,vl'm'I'. If the~a~o n i11notn J!rOfl<'l'"ne fui p lnn1ing nnt 1et_"{'fa! ,k .,.. the ilr-ld nrny he 1,Janl ed t o #>me fmm crop, CijJ,eclnll) n cover crop, 1 mcl1 a ~ v elvet bcno~, rowpen~ or L e!!~nrwretl. Jr a ~nod crop o f v ch'e t lJC:l ll ij b :11< been i!rown uJHIII 1hc ~oil . we a1•e p rel ty ,, •rtui 11 to hm'c it I n t\1-,,; f.,•Jn~~ 1 on1 li!i on foisc ttfo ~: out t o dtr11ij !1 ~s. Tn ndd i tiou toputtini:thef!Oil in i.ood condition , th l'Telv et benn ~ will ndd n lnrge nm ount of nmmonin to the ~oil, n,iuir!ng leN! of this c!e m en t i n the fc r tili~.er to be ap plied 1 0 tlie tree,, "''hen i!'P,f 0111. C11lr'h Crop~.-nuring t l 1e ~u clffii n g yen. r rcgclahlm
PAGE 90
88 1111d farm croPI! way \)et1> ee n tho.i r ow .11 o f cib-011 h-ee,:t. One ~ l w u l d , h owever, not lose s ight o r th e fact t ha t t h e cft,•u~ orc h a l' d is t h e main projeet 11 ndc r c o ns itl erutio11, un d t h at t h <:.~J cntch c r opM must be r c m mcd or cnti 1 e l y ,J (;j t roye ct IJc n u ,;, cowpe as o r lte ggn 1\\'(!00, ' rt, eiie pl a11hs wi ll coutinue t o m . M momo n ia to 1 be i l. pi~nmt l t>u , hin g by h env,v r u iJ1N nn tl Hna ll y returntot h ci,oilal:1rg e i111 1 0 11 n t of h mm 1@, wh i d1i11,e r y mu c h n t)C(lcdtop r o d ucci;ro w thruH l hcah h i n c itr u ijt~ . It i 11, ll owcv , :1•. 1mtircly J u)llll i l., l c tu ge t so mu c h o rg onie , u 1111,o u iainth csoilMtocnu;;e di ebacki 11 !1 u :s u 1 a llt ree s . Wh e u t hi s oc..:ur~, ihe ph m t rr !%ell fr o m 011e t (I t w o y c :m l' time ill the ,:;1 owth or hi~ t1 'C<',< . P e r fec t D.-o iuayc Ni:-ce.u m y. ----On c Qt -Our ru rc m os t n grlc ult nr i st s i 11 the $ trite IHI !! s nid tl111r tlu."1'\! iii n ot a u acre of l:md iu 11, e Srn 1u or F lo rida tlrnt d l'll!s not need drnln l ng; ti.tat cn : 1, 1be F l ec p c lny hillisi d <'I! wo u ld be i m 1 n ovNl by Ol.'ing u11der lu i tl with tile d rain ~. O u r 1, < m e r aJ e:qi,;l'iC tH "I' has J ,ee n U1 n t w\u,n p eople Hpcnk of ln nd n~ h eiu:i: il:t from the surfnce nt an y f.ime. i::c1•er nl i 11stnnreis are k nown where gro,'ell l()('niedonthe l o 1 1ofnhill,!le,enr,1" l hereetnt,oven ln 1.: e , had ~rnndin~ wlltel' in 1hf' ~uil during th e r,i l ny l!enson. $ud1 1 1 '<:C'! HI! nrc witl 1 i n the i11Unetll'c of t h i ij w11ter n eees M1 il ,1 Lceo m e wenk..i11,. ~ l t, _ ,. t h e exelu i. iu u or oxyl,'< 'n u n d l 11tnfN-e 1 h'C wi!h 1 h e lm c !eril 1 l lif1; i n t h e ijQi!. F o r t he or:m ;:e gro, e as a wholi:, ~u l' fal 'C drninll/!C nppea r 11 t( , Le th,• d1 enpcs t m11l m ~ t prolltahl('. 'T ile ,lr ,dn11 nre lik e h I Q hecnme clo :i~ 'l'.!\ I by d! ru ~ root~. :mo.I murh d n 1 m 1 ge ma~ re~ u lt0l'fnre1 ll e;zt1111er~ o!!r.i1.ef-t he d cfec l. /rri911li01,. \\'h i le1unthgoodra11bed-011eh _ , eon,;erl' inJ! th e moi11ture in the >!O i l. ,,..,.n ,io nn ! , vuilrK oc, , how c v c r. l'l ll e 11 th e dr o u,i.-:l.tl ~om(.-1< f'll 1•vcre lhnt i f nne I.tad 1111 irri;:: : 1ting plnnt 1h e i1d1•:mt11;::l.'f< du,i,u, l from I t woul d Im Mul"lic i c n t t o pa,.v fo r the w ho le oulflt: m ul rl ur i n !!' u h o n t t l n '<.."C renr11 out of /Iv e n ~nflle i e nt n m ulle r o r droug ht s Qf'e11r to mak e n ,:;ood ir r i gu t iu g pln n t vt! r y d e
PAGE 91
sii•a!Jlc. The l_qi<, of plant 10 use depends very mnd1 upon oue's uwu i11di11ationsallll the an,onntofmuuey he h,1s to s1-.d. Fnnow inig ; , tiv ", ns J)l'acticed in Cali• fontill. i>1 eulircly 1m1dkal.,lc u u d lws bee n n scrl to F.o n1e eneut in f'l oritla . Thi~ js the chcaJK'St method, ,1 ud the une which will donl,ll,..,;,; L>e gcucral l y adopted. CU T ,' L 'UBE l' lW l' E .H. Objtet.-1'00 ma n y g'1'<1'"C owners look npo11 cuhiv,1ti1 ,n in 1hc lig ht ti\kcn l,_r a tC l" t;,i u colo, -cd boy, who. whm, a~h-d w h m be wa.< cnltirnt in g for, replied: "Seven1y-1i1 e reut>1 a day. " Uuri11g n motH'Y i;t,-ingenry th e Ji,-.~t t hing the grovt; owne1 d ()(); iu 11Ja11y ca~cs is i u cnt dowu the RtHO unt of cultiva1 io n. H'e cultiv'1te nn orange grov e to adn1ir air jr,to th() ~"ii, a ~ a tirst requisite, to ktcp the Laet eri a l life; nnd , scto nt.l ly, to cou~1•e the woisture ['l 'C>;Cllt . Gcn,1 A1:tfoii.T' lno 1s iu g<'nentl ta ke 11p th e ;1m111011ia i11 the soil in til e form of nitnttcs. 1"hese nitrates. to a 1:ngc extc11t, mu fo,rnL'U fn,10 broken-down ,egeta!Jle I IIHTl<'I' , They n rc ]l!X')J:IIX,d l,y the oq:;,,ni,;rns (J(lllSl;mtJy p 1 wc11t in the soil. Nenrly ni l of onr frrtili1.crs npplicd lO the t 1 c,•s m u ~t go t h1 gh thi s IH"nkiug d ow n l 'os,ri a l mnH loc l""e6l t i n (he s oil iu ~uru . , ienl 1u:111tity. ' J"h c tcmpe1 t nr e of the soil 11 111st iange 111 ,11, ewhhc L:,rt"cc11 40 ant! t:m d cg tx = P. , the mo ~t fnvor nhlc soil len1pc1.1 1 ,..-c ln•ini:al.out ! . I S w fl:1 ,ie g, -.:,c ~ . A rcasonnhlc m,,n n nt vr 1 11oi~l111-c i s n ,•t nsm y. aud there urn,t 1,., ;i frc,• dnn l ,11 ion nf ni1 . Th,• 11i tn1te~ n , c most ra pidly forme , I iu H,e ,oi! n .-,n 1 !he .f:Hc, C$J>el'in\ly in f he lit-i;1 six i n diE•~The dCJ'lh :1 1 whidt l hc largest ntn<))
PAGE 92
90 ture be p r esent, tile p!auh a1 e uual)J.e 1o get a suffieie nt ttmonnt of the d,emicnl eleu,eoti, in t he water that is being ub~o1 l.etl . Consel'lntiou of moisture by eultivntion is Liest nccoiuvlisht..J Ly using ,;owe light Imple me nt that will wo1 k r n1 1i dly over 1he ~oil, IJ!'eflklng the trust or st i r rin;!; the ah-eady loose surface soi l, fonri i ug ,d,u l i s u s un !ly 1
PAGE 93
" ;:-renhir or l~li e,:tcnt. Snmly ,oils almost tle1Qit,1 o f l11.1mu~ nr~ very whit e . \\"hen : , Ja1ge amount o f humus i~ ndd;_'t} to l'i.u e h u ~oil . it I nk" on II d11rk color. Ou r p111'(1 mud;: or 1ie1H ~d11 nrn ,l' Le ~nid t o l,c l'lll' < '" ' niore or : rn /'11l'fh , 1 d1u1 a c 1er. n1uJ i s th en ~ poke u ,.f n~ l,nmu s. ,\11 f , mn~ of nnirnal und ,cgctnl>l e 111 11 111:r t n k e thi~ fo rm lotfvrc d,nu;;iug int o di~ti n c fl,1 inotg:rn i c ,., 11 t,;,.lm1('('. r .a r;; e 001@. 1-ools o f ('rol "' srn lk ;,. of cro f)II, a nti :i n 1 i ln r gro\\ th , /Ire u,aeful in i1or1 -e 118 i ug th <.> humu s ,, r tlu : ~oi l . Th e most 11~ ef 11J <)f o ur hnm n ~-~ 11 1,11 ly ing J •l: rn l~ HH! l11e l c _ i::111111•<. F o>1'U1Na!!:,ml lie;::: g:11(-e < I :ore al~o e .~ce llenl r nr, ih-nsgrov e;s, l lumu~ in th e ~oil impro,rs h~ m ed ,nuicnl rnn(liiion 1,1' 111akin::; a rom J 1>k t MJil lo o ;ier and more l)Cl'm cnhl e to lh e r v un
PAGE 94
f.,r,, flm l that th e HCC I ~ l\'Cl'e divi1 t etl i111o pruclically t hree ,; d" !r:111~ "I' that ron> rnluy 1 al"I or t h,: )'e:ir. It speak.I! 11•)1 fu 1 1 he l rnrdllio,i.J or the m•;mg e 1roe tu b e able T o tmlnre aml p1 ocl e II p 11~i u g c r o p m11leiaJI or th~ c o 11 di1ior,s.,rn 1 li irnt.io u. Someoft he i;c h oo l o r clt: au c ultur i~ l ij c o11 ~e 1Tell tl! i.i wul ~l urn o f the su il b_r u$l n g a l iberal mg11 n ic 11rnld1. 8ome, in fact, we n t !I() fot ns to 1l''ll":11111< or pilet; of wood 1ha1 n my b:11 1• l,f'l"n 1 1 l:1< e, I In t he ~ nff e 10 pr-u l ec-t ii 11~uh1s1 f1 -ee7. iug. 1 1<,11 1111!1 < "1' Thi.i llt~ t enllirnliuu ill the >'l••ing u ,ay sonww h;u t!,,.I'. ~in,, it i " nor !il.:cl.1 !hut 11 r1 1 r,'(d ing ,..,.,,~ h;i, ,: 1 ,.,-u f,.rmc, I nti: 1 r t h e ' ht11e ro r mt~ I . i[ ,,.. l't" ~I lo :,n,i,I ,k '<' I) ,-11 l 1i1-ation. il l'<'i• cult i rntiou 11t tlii>< 1i 111c of 11...1 e:1r . ;1 " M anr Of h <'l' time, i ~ a r cl:i!ive 1a t!ier1 lrn11 n11nl"ol ul el, 1 111. Arl, 1 h r, t i ,.~t rulliv,it i on. no1 hi n ~ n , o,e 1 1la111 a m rrc ~ i r 1i11g nf t h1, 1; , -,.1 l11ch 01 two nr ij
PAGE 95
"1 occur dul"i n g .!> l arch, , \ pril nnd '1a?. The more fr quen t ].,we n1lti , ate, t h e 111111~ ! r. r t h e ~o!I mo i ,it nr e i s eon~1 vei. l . Ordi110 1 l _1, il is iwt 11rol it al,l1J to c ulril,ite more f1-e<1uell\ty t!um oute n week. If oui i;oil i~ i n the lie~r l '""ihle liJ udi1io11 . n w ~ d cr muy be 118e\l. It mn.1 he uc,-e,,,ar_,. H> load cbe 11 Mer wi1h n smnll l!let>e of co r d woo d. \\' Ith suc h 1111 im 1 , l e1nc u t, a rn nn irnd u hu r l! c em 1 c u ltirntc 1 1 ten-ae r l! g 1 ~i1e i n a dn.,. Cote/, C11.11..,.. W h cre 11om,i tvm, ot i:ro11 i>< heiu:; grown IM.:IWet'TI 1he 1"tms uf f r (-e~. i i ill U l'~l r .1 to t;he t hi11 Cl'OJI the)""'' .. r aneuiiuu un d :1 11 :1b u ntl,111n , of fcr1il i 7,er to kt':l'I• it from ol 1 ,Yi 1 1~ h(•a1 i1_, . 011 the y ouu:; ~ru,e . I t i ~ n ;!''"d j0 1•,10 ke lo k<-'f! I J l\l leaH ~ix kt,1 : 1 w a y from the l'CUd l of th -, l, 1 1111 he@. 'l'ree~ 1h:1r ,ire 01er fl,e )ear,; ohl n r e lil:el.• to lnnrroot se,;:1e11 ,J iug 1111 far as midl\'n) betl\'CUl the rnw s; t0 U l!e<;J1"'111 1 y, eultin1tio11 of th!! catd.1 Cl"O IJ 1,.!Jo 11 l d l'l!/:ll 11i,_ "L"11lc(•ortl i ugtv 1li e n eetl11of t hecitL s g 1 0 1 (,. 811,.,mt-r C11ltitutio,.,-Some fille gn> e~ nnd much e:ieP.llent fruit h:we b.~n prrnl n ood b:r a co uHnuons 1'<' to C'"lll lh<:'m ,lnll'n. Jl11 ri11;.: Hie ~ nmmer r mu! TI't'Clls nn,1 nllow t h , •rn to r• t hi ~ l, 11 ~ I W<'ll C'"f11 •iN I 011 t n the E-:tlf'11t nr prllin;:!" '"" nrnrh or;:!"a n 1C'" nilMl!;('n in
PAGE 96
,. t he f!O il , the legum e mn y Im made iuto ha y. [f these !egu rne ;i 11re rn;ed In tl.Je grove, t h ey sho u ld be m ol\n in lbellcgiuniugof t h e drylll'!a!Klu s o ns to reduce t he numbe r of p l a nt l111b'!! to a nii nim um , 11ince frc< 1 nently t he se suek ini: i ri~e < ' (!! cm1Ml 11 lo,,!! of fr ui t when t il e leg um es are pi;!r miUed10remninlntei n 1hefull. 1' "ullG'111tii:111iun.-Whe t lu ) rweaho 11 l deulth'nt c in !he fall or n ot will tlC(>Cnd ! ar ;;ely 0 1 1 l oe11 I co ndilion11. If 111 e n1e h n1in11 a severe rho n ~ lo t lt rn ny lot! m .h isnble to u se a cutaway h nr row , o r au implc/lJeut or this kin d, to IJl' euk up 1b1i;i11rfare ~o !] so as t o fo u serve t he moi st u re. If the moi~111rc is not 11\'(.'(le d , it is usually prefe r nble lo all ow the soi! to re n miu u ndi s1 111'1 11.'tl. ll' i1 1 11 : , C11ltiv(lti(m.-l n t he early w i nter, l> olo t'iebaek,Di eback Is a di sen11e t o w h kh p 1 a t1k ,0 J l.v a ll or 011 1 <"ih•u ~ (l'<;(>;J ure subje c t, n nd on e tha t c,u1,:ea much nnnoyunce and freq uently con~ id ~rnlile ) 1 11,1< . ' f h c ul,,,s,eM'n nt grove ow n er, how, : n•r. will reco~ize th oe 111-ctin,tnr1rr ~.vmi,tom~ or Ille ,1i10Case aml guar(I 11;.:u i us t it. 'l'h
PAGE 97
95 number or 1he !lhrou.s roou:, and ce rt nlnly not to the vi:. tcu t or br eal.:ing large roou. By obse r ving th!! depth of th!! roo(s in tbel!Oll, we will be able 10 :;::nuge, in a mea~ure , tJie dc111h to which we ca n c111thn!e. 'l'hi~, we will tlnd, v:1riC11 , bowevt!r, iu the same gro v e i n diffornnt years . Con~~-qucutl.v, v cr.f nrnr h de p en •l~ ou thll jn dgmen t of th e mon who I ll doing th e eulti 1,11iu n. 01baving it llonc. /mp/ 1;r .i e 11r~. L ' mler ordinnr~ eirc11m~1nncet0, th e he,wy twu hor11e plow h as no pince in n grove lu good l1 e;1lth. A light one-horse plow may be u.scd 1 0 wme o:tc u r. This tool. however, l s n poor implernen l , since It w11stes so 1nu ch time f or the gro,e owner. One of lh c llet!t i mple nwnUI for d eep eultivnting is the cu l:n n1y bo rr ow or disc hnrro.,-. For a ~ m :1 11 grove, the oue-horl!e hrU'tOW will be f ound pttfemllk!. J tor m 1 e:,,:teushe grove t hi11 ia tn ~low, an ti we1 1 eednh1oo r thrcc•horsee,1tnwn,vordisc harrow. Th e it•kcnble implett lt! lllS, 1'hc onli nnr _ ., ep1i11~-t01Jth cd cnltivalo11i are not J!'"" I im11t, ,meu 1>!. ~im-c th<'.I" 111111 1111 too many of the root i. 1 h ry lrnpp eu to c : ome in cout:iet with. HUIL[IJ'.\"G rP .\ ~E:G L F.C'l'l•:O OROVK The h<",;,t 11., to bn il
PAGE 98
9G o01cr implemc111 s for hlltchering tr , .-e11. ' l ' h e 11r11ning 1:, lwuhl he don e lh uroughlr irn d severel.v. Tnk e out first 111J d ea d woo,!; thc11 take ou1 1111 or the weakened wood; llnnlly, s_hape lht: tree 11 1• ~o as to mn ke it _m01-e or lcs5 e yrmnetr ic n\. l)u not ll!n,•c any long, ~1 11 't!n di11g hr:tnchCI!, f' cn if l h c y :•pl'eur !o b e pcrrcctlt h ealthy. U end th em h ad:.~" a,, t o nrn ke II good, CUILljlfl (: t tree . '\ 'lie u llll old, n eg l (.'('tcd or-e hurd lu u ,i bee n properly trt.mtcd, i t I s u 11 uall.r 11 1111 1ii11,(i pcr cent.phos 1 1 bor ic uc i d, nnd S p e r ceut. p,,1a~h. _.\ij a sout~e of ammoui.1. uitrate of ~oda nm _r ht! e1 u p tu,n:U; a, a sou r ,;;:c of p ot a s h , use a hi g h -i;: r aUe ~ul pl mtc or potash , or low -gr ml e ~lll]Jh a te o r pol11.11h; anU m1 ,. so ur<>e or pho,,, phoric m : iU , t he ncid ph u. 1 ,hntc. The RUIOUUl to h e IIJ)l llie il pe r t~ shou M be , er.I" lilM!rnl. Afore people err in n1•pl_l"ing IOU liUlc t h:1.11 in ap 1 ,lyi n,::t oomndi. Sprend the fertili1.tre\enly broad• cn1il 0\"Prtheen1 i re,::-1 orc,atleastovcrtb e p o rtionofthe growl where trt'r ~orr or. Plowiuy. Ordi1111rlly. ~uch a gro,e 6 ll o11!d b e plowed v cr ;r d oo p, e,en 10 Ol e point of hreaki11!; antl ( ' \IUiug large root,. Cnre must, or coul'f!e, bf) t a ken not to plo w HO d l'lc'pt_.:11<10, ~11'0.• a lar;::-,;,J"'l'<;'. entui;:eot1h e1 1 s .,fthe trees . This 1\ ' ill ,n r .r n eco r fi ing lo the c hnrn <:t er o f t he ~oil o n w hkh th e gn , wc lrn11pens to be! l or: ,t ed. Ordi11mil _1. 1hc plow 111:\y \1C:' r11nde 1n ::ro ffl"e Or f!. i x i n<:\Jei; rl,:,,ep , plowing much dt'Q1! plow it. 1n lhig Wll,\' lb<' fer Ulhf'r i~ 111, i Hy thoroui;-hly inroqJOr:1tC<:I whh 1he 1
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