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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER
IFAS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA JUN 21 1989
13138 LEWIS GALLAGHER ROAD
DOVER, FL 33527 University of Florida
Dover AREC Research Report DOV-1989-3 January 1989
STRAWBERRY VARIETY TRIALS 1988
E. E. Albregts, C. K. Chandler, and C. M. Howard1
INTRODUCTION
Some 5,000 acres of strawberry have been grown in Florida for the past
several years. Most of the acreage has been in Hillsborough, Manatee,
Polk, and Pasco counties. The value of the crop was about 80 million
dollars in 1988. Strawberry harvest begins in late November in Florida
which is about 2 to 3 months earlier than California. Fruit produced
before early March generally brings a much higher price than that
harvested later when California produces in greater volume. Early
yields can be as important to the grower, if not more so, than the total
seasonal yields. To reflect this situation, yield data in this
publication are presented monthly to indicate performance in relation to
marketing conditions. The purpose of this report is to provide results
from evaluations of selected, strawberry cultivars and AREC-Dover
breeding lines conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education
Center, Dover during the 1987-88 winter season.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty six advanced Florida breeding lines and four cultivars were
evaluated in the fruit production field. Except for 'Dover', the
cultivars were developed in California. Beds were fumigated with 300
Ibs/bedded acre of MC-98-2 and fertilized with 2000 Ibs/acre of a
10-4-10. One fourth of the fertilizer was broadcast before bed
preparation, and the remainder was banded 2 inches deep in bed center.
One-half of the applied nitrogen was sulfur-coated urea, a slow-release
material. All plants were set on October 18, 1987. All breeding lines
and the 'Dover' cultivar were from AREC-Dover nurseries. 'Chandler'
plants came from a Canadian nursery while 'Selva' and 'Pajaro' were
obtained from a high elevation nursery in Tennessee. A randomized
complete block with 5 replications and 14 plants per plot was used.
Professor (Soils), Assist. Professor (Plant Breeder), and Professor
(Plant Pathologist), respectively, with the Univ. of Florida, IFAS,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Dover, FL 33527.
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Plants were sprayed with approved pesticides as needed, and water was
applied as required by overhead sprinkler irrigation. Fruit harvest
started in December and continued through April. Fruit were graded,
counted, and weighed, and marketable fruit were also evaluated for
several quality factors as noted in Tables.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
All entries produced marketable fruit in December, 1987 (Table 1).
'Selva' is a day neutral plant and 'Selva', 'Chandler', and 'Pajaro'
received chilling in the nursery, thus fruiting of these three clones in
December would be expected since flower initiation probably occurred in
the nursery. 'Selva' produced the highest December yield while breeding
lines 85-2550, 85-3120, and 85-4925 had fruit yields greater than 200
flats/acre. These three breeding lines also produced greater fruit
yields in January than any of the cultivars. Eighteen breeding lines
and 'Dover' had higher January yields than the three California
cultivars. Breeding lines 81-1350 and 85-3120 plus 'Dover' produced
over 1,000 flats/acre each in January. Only 'Dover' fruit yields were
over 1,000 flats/acre in February. March fruit yields were highest with
breeding lines 84-1528, 79-1126, 83-37, cultivar 'Chandler', 84-2708,
and 85-4893. 'Dover' yields again were greater than 1,000 flats/acre.
April yields were highest with breeding line 84-1932 and cultivar
'Pajaro'. Seasonal fruit yields were highest with 'Dover' (Table 2).
Eighteen of the twenty-six breeding lines gave numerically greater
seasonal yields than the California cultivars although only 5 were
significantly greater than 'Chandler'. Average fruit weight was
greatest with breeding lines 85-3182, 85-4771, 85-5007, 82-1452,
85-3120, and 85-2550. 'Pajaro' and 'Chandler' fruit gave average or
greater fruit weights, but 'Selva' fruit were the third smallest. The
highest percent marketable fruit were produced by breeding lines
82-1452, 81-1350, 84-1932, and 'Selva'. The remaining 3 cultivars had
average percent marketable fruit. The amount and the percent cull fruit
are given in Table 3. Many of the clones which had the highest yields
of cull fruit also had the highest yields of marketable fruit. The
principal reasons for.fruit to be unmarketable are small size, rots, or
misshapen. Small fruit size was the main reason for cull fruit in this
study (Table 4). Small fruit size generally occurs at the end of each
cycle of fruiting and especially at the end of the harvest season. This
occurred with some of the breeding lines, and, 'Dover' and 'Selva'. The
next major reason for cull fruit was rots. Those breeding lines or
cultivars which had good fruit size also had a higher percent of rotted
fruit. Several of the breeding lines had problems with misshapen fruit.
The most serious were 85-4771, 85-4893, 85-1693, 85-2550, and 84-2433
all with greater than 10% of cull fruit as misshapen. Other fruit
blemishes were green tips and shoulders (Table 5). Usually these were
not serious enough to make them unsaleable but did detract from
appearance. Those that were fan shape and very large in size or were
water damaged generally were not saleable. Green tips were quite severe
with breeding lines 85-1693, 84-902, and 85-1350. 'Chandler' and
'Pajaro' and some breeding lines had many fruit with green shoulders.
Fruit firmness gives some indication of the shipping ability of the
-3-
fruit (Table 6). Those fruit rated soft, especially those rated very
soft, usually are more subject to damage in harvesting and shipping.
Several breeding lines gave considerable number of soft fruit. Fruit
color is important in sales to consumers. Most consumers have
preconceived notions about the color ripe strawberries should be. If
fruit are dark in color, fruit are thought to be overripe. If light in
color then fruit are not ripe. Of course, neither assumption is
necessarily true. However, consumers are more attracted to bright shiny
appearing fruit than to fruit which are dull in appearance. Table 7
indicates the fruit color of the various clones. Fruit of breeding line
85-4771 were light in color while breeding lines 84-1528 and 84-2708
fruit had a tendency to be darker in color.
SUMMARY
'Dover' gave greater fruit yields than other cultivars evaluated except
during December and April. Seasonal yield of 'Selva' were lowest of all
clones evaluated. December, January, and total fruit yields were
greater with 5, 18 and 5 breeding lines, respectively, then the
California cultivars. Although 'Pajaro' and 'Chandler' had large
average fruit size, seven of the breeding lines were larger. Green
shoulders were a problem with 'Chandler' and 'Pajaro' and with 5
breeding lines. Three breeding lines had a rather high occurrence of
green tips. Fruit firmness of the cultivars was as good as it was with
many of the breeding lines. Florida breeding lines rated acceptable for
fruit size, color, shape, firmness, and yield for the 1987-88 season
were FL-79-1126, FL-82-1452, FL-84-1528, FL-84-1832, FL-84-2433,
FL-84-2708, FL-85-3212, and FL-85-4925.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our appreciation to the Florida Strawberry Growers
Association and Florida Foundation Seed whose financial support had
helped fund this research project.
Table 1. Marketable fruit yield (flats/acre) for 1987-88 season.
Cultivar Marketable yield (flats/acre)z
or line December January February March April
83-37 45h-ky 700g-1 512 1470 310
83-457 131d-g 747f-k 850 828 338
84-902 3k 638i-m 761 1044 305
79-1126 46h-k 710g-1 666 1562 221
81-1350 78g-k 1323a 453 1116 314
82-1452 14jk 781d-i 460 535 291
84-1528 1k 775e-i 430 1650 445
85-1693 102d-h 853c-g 757 527 310
85-1868 45h-k 643i-m 790 1006 169
84-1932 4k 757f-j 813 1050 525
84-2433 159d 834c-j 636 1111 175
81-2465 83e-j 878e-j 455 1180 124
85-2550 284b 902b-f 712 1164 425
81-2689 147de 938b-d 556 676 212
84-2708 29i-k 931b-e 845 1260 222
85-3120 235bc 1044b 291 1090 201
85-3182 154d 810d-g 918 915 197
85-3212 14jk 699k-n 976 1117 306
83-3349 43h-k 818c-g 963 1048 498
84-3741 67g-k 530mn 630 726 167
85-4741 60h-k 802d-h 790 749 398
85-4763 18jk 873c-f 513 851 282
85-4771 95d-i 650h-m 603 999 260
85-4893 78f-j 5911-n 429 1207 213
85-4925 219c 786d-i 861 1031 260
85-5007 64h-k 968bc 850 868 365
Chandler 105d-h 746f-k 308 1357 192
Dover 135d-f 1043b 1144 1171 124
Pajaro 6k 619j-n 460 905 520
Selva 344a 479n 180 691 270
ZFruit weighing 10 gram (1/3 ounce) or more and of marketable quality.
One flat = 10.5 Ibs.
YNumbers followed by different letters in a column are significantly
different by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
Table 2. Total marketable fruit yield, average fruit weight, and
percent marketable fruit for 1987-88 season.
Cultivars Totalz Averagey Percent
or line yield fruit wt. marketable
flats/acre
83-37
83-457
84-902
79-1126
81-1350
82-1452
84-1528
85-1693
85-1868
84-1932
84-2433
81-2465
85-2550
81-2689
84-2708
85-3120
85-3182
85-3212
83-3349
84-3741
85-4741
85-4763
85-4771
85-4893
85-4925
85-5007
Chandler
Dover
Pajaro
Selva
3037b-gx
2894c-h
2751e-h
3205a-e
3285a-d
20.81ij
3301a-d
2549g-i
2652f-h
3149a-f
2915c-h
2720e-h
3487ab
2529h-i
3287a-d
2862d-h
2994b-h
3013b-h
3371a-c
2120ij
2799d-h
2536g-i
2607gh
2517h-i
3157a-e
3115b-f
2708e-h
3617a
2509h-i
1964j
q/fruit
15.21j-1
14.691
15.53h-k
15.99g-j
17.28cd
18.46b
15.40i-1
15.44i-1
15.54h-k
16.35e-g
15.321-1
17.89bc
18.23b
16.98ef
16.04g-i
18.38b
19.55a
17.07de
15.48i-1
13.63m
17.33cd
15.19k1
19.32a
16.65d-g
16.51e-g
19.20a
16.26f-h
15.32i-1
16.70d-g
14.731
81.64bc
72.26gh
75.72ef
80.58bc
85-38a
85.90a
75.38ef
72.68f-h
71.92gh
85.60a
72.92f-h
67.84i
82.00bc
77.46de
72.78f-h
74.50e-g
81.02bc
74.58e-g
72.02gh
69.88hi
76.90e
71.36h
76.55e
80.18b-d
82.46bc
81.63bc
76.60e
77.42de
79.90cd
83.24ab
ZFruit weighing 10 gram (1/3 ounce)
quality. One flat = 10.5 Ibs.
or more and of marketable
Y28.5 gram/ounce.
XNumbers followed by different letters in a column are
significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test,
5% level.
Table 3. Cull fruit (flats/acre) for 1987-88 season.
Cultivar Cull yieldsz (flats/acre)
or line Dec. Jan. Feb. March April Total
83-37
83-457
84-902
79-1126
81-1350
82-1452
84-1528
85-1693
85-1868
84-1932
84-2433
81-2465
85-2550
81-2689
84-2708
85-3120
85-3182
85-3212
83-3349
84-3741
85-4741
85-4763
85-4771
85-4893
85-4925
85-5007
Chandler
Dover
Pajaro
Selva
50
187
48
112
55
78
32
349
113
119
235
142
91
141
244
67
137
186
232
157
242
209
239
98
69
176
89
102
80
62
331
435
437
449
207
102
419
328
637
111
560
614
287
291
611
523
293
538
432
435
17
265
284
309
277
23
344
768
113
98
291
479
379
209
297
159
595
254
265
289
258
479
302
256
366
327
203
283
643
313
377
472
224
211
273
261
368
174
437
166
683c-ey
1108b-e
884b-e
725b-e
563e
342f
1068b-e
956b-e
1041b-e
531e
1084b-e
1250a-c
770b-e
731b-e
1232a-d
989b-e
701c-e
1032b-e
1311a
918b-e
851b-e
lOlOb-e
791b-e
632de
665c-e
697c-e
825b-e
1050b-e
632de
393f
ZCull fruit were those that either weighed less than 10 grams
(1/3 ounce), had rot, were damaged, or were severely misshapen.
YNumbers followed by different letters in a column are
significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test,
5% level.
-7-
Table 4. Percent of cull fruit
for 1987-88 season
rated small, rotten, or misshapen
Cultivar
or line Small Rotten Misshapen
83-37
83-457
84-902
79-1126
81-1350
82-1452
84-1528
85-1693
85-1868
84-1932
84-2433
81-2465
85-2550
81-2689
84-2708
85-3120
85-3182
85-3212
83-3349
84-3741
85-4741
85-4763
85-4771
85-4893
85-4925
85-5007
Chandler
Dover
Pajaro
Selva
85.08
91.86
78.43
90.52
88.11
90.5
75.2
75.4
96.7
85.5
81.3
79.91
53.25
83.5
88.6
60.6
62.2
74.8
87.6
90.0
76.6
75.61
63.81
63.95
81.58
75.25
74.19
95.64
82.11
91.54
14.92
4.93
21.57
9.48
11.51
6.4
23.5
9.5
2.0
9.3
7.9
14.69
34.50
9.4
6.8
37.5
33.1
24.5
12.0
10.0
16.8
20.07
19.29
19.33
17.41
19.83
23.01
4.36
17.89
8.5
0.00
3.21
0.00
0.00
0.38
3.1
1.2
15.1
1.3
5.1
10.8
5.40
12.25
7.1
4.6
1.9
4.7
0.7
0.4
0.00
6.6
4.32
16.90
16.72
1.0
4.92
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
-8-
Table 5. Defects of marketable size fruit of several
cultivars and breeding lines for 1987-88 season.
Cultivar Percentz Water
or line Green tips Green shoulders Fans damage
83-37
83-457
84-902
79-1126
81-1350
82-1452
84-1528
85-1693
85-1868
84-1932
84-2433
81-2465
85-2550
81-2689
84-2708
85-3120
85-3182
85-3212
83-3349
84-3741
85-4741
85-4763
85-4771
85-4893
85-4925
85-5007
Chandler
Dover
Pajaro
Selva
2.34
0.11
10.56
0.32
2.35
0.57
1.51
11.20
2.66
5.61
1.14
3.65
4.44
3.96
1.44
10.12
3.06
1.51
0.73
4.81
0 .53
0.91
0.80
1.24
2.30
0.84
1.99
1.04
0.43
2.92
0.68
0.99
0.24
0.18
0.04
0.71
0.22
0.97
0.19
2.69
0.24
0.11
0.87
1.86
0.51
1.46
0.41
0.76
1.96
0.52
0.69
3.52
0.90
2.62
3.20
0.27
2.20
1.84
u---
---w
0.06
0.10
0.21
0.09
0.03
---
0.65
0.27
ZPercent of total marketable size fruit
characteristics.
with listed
Table 6. The percentage of harvests each cultivar or breeding
line was rated as hard, firm, soft, or very soft for 1987-88
season.
Cultivar Fruit firmness
or line Hard Firm Soft Very soft
83-37 16.20k-mz 61.14a-e 21.40bc 1.26
83-457 31.96h-j 62.70a-d 5.24fg 0.00
84-902 19.62j-m 65.82a-c 14.58c-e 0.00
79-1126 60.34b-d 38.50h-k 1.18fg 0.00
81-1350 39.08f-h 56.70b-g 4.22fg 0.00
82-1452 45.05e-g 47.85e-i 7.10e-g 0.00
84-1528 48.62d-f 44.42f-j 6.98e-g 0.00
85-1693 43.93e-h 49.45d-h 0.65e-g 0.00
85-1868 21.50i-1 70.04ab 8.40e-g 0.00
84-1932 74.74a 24.661 0.60g 0.00
84-2433 69.36ab 29.46k1 1.18fg 0.00
81-2465 24.02i-1 57.68a-f 18.30c 0.00
85-2550 51.13d-f 44.33f-j 4.55fg 0.00
81-2689 44.06e-h 49.08d-h 6.86e-g 0.00
84-2708 55.35c-e 42.35g-k 2.33fg 0.00
85-3120 20.72j-1 64.64a-c 14.64c-e 0.00
85-3182 11.761-n 71.72a 16.50cd 0.00
85-3212 69.36ab 28.86k1 1.78fg 0.00
83-3349 33.08g-i 56.08b-g 9.82d-f 1.02
84-3741 7.92mn 71.46a 20.62bc 0.00
85-4741 21.951-1 55.90b-g 22.15bc 0.00
85-4763 20.82j-1 52.10c-h 27.08b 0.00
85-4771 2.15n 40.70h-k 49.70a 7.45
85-4893 63.95a-c 32.88j-1 3.20fg 0.00
85-4925 64.56a-c 32.54j-1 2.92fg 0.00
85-5007 14.03k-n 68.35ab 17.68cd 0.00
Chandler 43.10e-h 52.44c-h 4.42fg 0.00
Dover 26.80i-k 68.34ab 4.88fg 0.00
Pajaro 50.16d-f 47.38e-i 2.42fg 0.00
Selva 64.56a-c 34.30i-1 7.14fg 0.00
ZNumbers followed by different letters in a column are
significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test,
5% level.
-10-
Table 7. Color rating of marketable fruit during the harvest
-for 1987-88 season.
Cultivar Color rating
or line 1 2 3 4 5 6
83-37
83-457
84-902
79-1126
81-1350
82-1452
84-1528
85-1693
85-1868
84-1932
84-2433
81-2465
85-2550
81-2689
84-2708
85-3120
85-3182
85-3212
83-3349
84-3741
85-4741
85-4763
85-4771
85-4893
85-4925
85-5007
Chandler
Dover
Pajaro
Selva
ZFruit color rating:
2 = moderately ligh
4 = bright red colo
6 = dark color.
1 = very light color,
t color, 3 = average red color,
r, 5 = moderately dark color, and
YNumbers are percentage of fruit rated for each category.
May not equal 100 because of rounding.
HISTORIC NOTE
The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)
site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.
Copyright 2005, Board of Trustees, University
of Florida
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