=MEMORANDUM:
TO:

CC:

FYI:

FROM:
SUBJECT:
DATE:

Sam Gowan.
Martha Hruska.
Bernie McTigue.
John Van Hook.
John Freund.
Bob Harrell.
Nelda Schwartz
Dot Hope.
Barbara Oliver.
Erich J. Kesse.
BALDWIN LIBRARY:
1992 February 4.

PHYSICAL CONDITION SURVEY :: REVIEW.

Attached is a nearly final draft
condition survey data analysis.
Your comments are requested, ...
publication of these findings.

of the Baldwin Library physical
Please take a moment to review it.
and if no one objects, I will seek

The report proposes criteria for access and suggests use policies.
It also proposes a microfilming project.

I am excited about this report. It is the first detailed analysis
of juvenilia anywhere. I feel that the value and condition of items
in the Baldwin Library could open many doors for us. A grant
proposal to the National Endowment for the Humanities, for example,
could provide funds for cataloging, conservation and microfilming.

But this gets the grape ripe before the sun shines on the vine!
Please send me your comments? What should be do with this data?
How can we use it to our advantage?

TH-I i S.

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

BALDWIN LIBRARY
PHYSICAL CONDITION SURVEY.
Analysis.

Erich Kesse.
January 1992 (Rev.)

Introduction.

The Baldwin Library, in the Department of Special Collections at the
University of Florida's George A. Smathers Libraries, includes approximately
85,000 volumes of literature in English primarily for children. The Library
is intended for research in children's literature and is not, properly
speaking, a children's library. It is especially strong in rare English and
American editions, chapbooks, rhyming alphabets, school books, and series for
boys and girls. The majority of the Library's holdings are nineteenth and
twentieth century imprints.

While cataloged and accessible through both card catalogs and the
published Index to the Baldwin Library... (Boston, MA : G.K. Hall, 1981), a
small portion of the Library's holdings only recently have been recorded in
OCLC and RLIN. This work, funded by a grant from the United States Department
of Education, is expected to increase use of the Library's collection both
locally and nationally.

The Physical Condition Survey in the Baldwin Library was implemented to
test the validity of findings of a 1988 survey of the Baldwin Library. The
1988 survey sample consisted of 100 randomly selected volumes and had a
confidence level of 90% + 10%. Analysis indicated that 98% of the sample was
exceedingly brittle and implied that increased access would result in both
text loss and structural damage to the Library's materials. The recent survey
was designed to assist the Library and the Preservation Office in developing
use procedures, as well as to study the viability of a preservation
microfilming project among the Library's materials.

The recent survey sample consists of 540 randomly selected volumes held
by the Baldwin Library. The Systems Officer generated a sequence of random
numbers to facilitate the selection of an unbiased sample. Together, the
sample size and selection process guarantee a confidence level of 95% 5%.
The survey was conducted by Preservation Office staff in January 1991.

Page 1

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

The survey mechanism (cf, Appendix 1) was a modified form of the Research
Libraries Group (RLG) "Preservation Needs Assessment Project" tool. For each
book, the surveyor noted the following general information: author, title,
place of publication, and date of publication. The surveyor also determined
each book's physical condition, including double fold test measure, as well as
whether the book was missing parts or pages, broken into pieces, or illegible.
Finally, each title was searched in the Research Libraries Information Network
(RLIN) to check the availability of the title (in hardcopy and in microform)
in other RLG institutions. This report summarizes the findings of this
survey.
Tests to determine alum rosin and ground wood pulp content, as well as pH
of paper -- as predictors of future and continuing embrittlement -- were not
conducted. If, as indicated by the earlier survey findings, more than 90% of
holdings fail at or below five double folds (5 DFT), these tests were likely
to find alum rosin, ground wood pulp, and pH below neutral (i.e., pH = 7.0) in
nearly all cases. Assuming these findings, it was determined that the sample
of unembrittled volumes, for which these predictors might provide useful data,
would be too small to formulate analyses with reliable statistical validity.

Materials Profile.

Materials in Baldwin Library appear to have an even chance of having been
published by either domestic, United States (49.63%), or foreign (48.15%)
publishers (cf, Table 1). New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania imprints
represent the bulk (93.28%) of all U.S. imprints surveyed. Data can be
extracted from the aggregate of U.S. imprints with meaningful confidence
levels (90% +10%) only for New York and Massachusetts imprints. The
remaining U.S. imprints were published in miscellaneous large mid-western and
southern cities. Foreign imprints were published almost entirely within the
United Kingdom (99.62%).

This evidence is in agreement with our knowledge of nineteenth century
publishing. Major publishing centers for English language materials were
concentrated around London in the United Kingdom and Boston, New York city
and Philadelphia in the United States.1 Minor publishing centers grew during
this century in Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Indianapolis and New Orleans,
imprint locations noted by the survey.

Nearly half (46.30%) of all Baldwin Library holdings lacked an imprint
date (cf, Table 2). No attempt was made by surveyors to determine the date of
publication through catalogs or other sources. Materials lacking date tend to
originate in the United Kingdom (67.2% of undated items; 64.62% of all items)
(cf, Table 3).

Page 2

(Insert Figure la on page 3)

Collecting Frequency: Imprint Decade (Figure la).

DECADE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 888 888 88 8 9 9
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
00000 00000 000

F 60
R 55
E 50
Q 45
U 40 : : :
E 35
N 30 -- -
C 25
Y 20
15 ---
10 -- -----
05 -------
00oo M -----

(Insert Figure Ib on page 3)

Collecting Frequency: Imprint Year (Figure Ib).

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Publication dates for the remaining items ranged from 1790 through 1919,
with the bulk between 1830 and 1899 (cf, Figure 1). Date concentrations group
around two specific two-decade periods, 1850-1869 and 1880-1899, with uneven
dispersion throughout each period. Volumes published in the decades 1840-1849
and 1870-1879 each represent approximately two-thirds of the two-decade
periods which follow. The decade 1830-1839 represents approximately
two-thirds, again, of the decade 1840-1849. When the sample is divided into
domestic and foreign imprints, the above holds true for domestic imprints.
Foreign imprints in the collection peak only during the two decade period from
1880 through 1899.

(Insert Figures la and Ib)

The surveyed portion of the Library clearly represents a "snap-shot" of
nineteenth century publications of juvenilia. As indicated by the dramatic
drop in count of items published after 1899, this portion of the Library was
consciously defined as a nineteenth century collection. Items found in the
collection with post-1899 imprints usually represent either later editions of
nineteenth century works or works by authors writing primarily in the
nineteenth century. The events of the day, in particular, the International
Copyright legislation of 1891 and the Panic of 1893, seem to have had little
impact upon the collection. The sample size, however, is too small for
significant discussion.

Moreover, little of the publishing history of nineteenth century juvenilia
can be determined from this survey. It is unclear if survey results indicate
the intensity and nature of publishing or collecting activity either for
specific dates or within specific periods. Survey results differentiate
little between the subject of this snap-shot, i.e., publication of nineteenth
century juvenilia, and the manner in which the collector of these materials,
Dr. Ruth Baldwin, viewed the subject or composed the snap-shot. Data
subgroupings can be extracted from the aggregate with meaningful confidence
levels (90% +10%) only for items grouped within the two imprint date
concentrations (i.e., 1850-1869 and 1889-1899).

The influence of some events, however, may be found in the collection
although, again, the sample size is too small for significant discussion.
Events, including the Industrial Revolution of the 1820's and 1830's and the
advent of books in series in the 1830's and 1840's, seem to mark increased
volume counts per imprint date. With regard to U.S. imprints, the appearance
of the dime novel, a vehicle used by many writers of the juvenile market
including Horatio Alger and Louisa May Alcott, in the 1860's and the expansion
of the railroads from the 1860's through the 1880's together with the
expansion in the book trade thereafter, also seem to mark increases in the
collection, particularly among U.S. imprints (cf, Table 3).

Page 3

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Physical Condition.

The decision to use the double fold test rather than a more subjective
but less destructive flex test to measure embrittlement was made to ensure
meaningful results. The double fold test, carried out according to procedures
now standard among research libraries, measured embrittlement in terms of the
number of times a single page corner withstands being folded, slightly creased
and gently pulled. Physical damage resulting from the test was minimized by
selection of a page well within the textblock and folding of the smallest
possible corner still able to produce meaningful data.

The double fold test measure at which a volume is determined to be
embrittled varies from institution to institution. At the University of
Florida, corners failing at 5 double folds (DFT) are considered too brittle
for repair or rebinding. It is believed also that extending the range of
embrittlement to 5 DFT is predictive of the extent of future, more severe
embrittlement for which microfilming or other reproduction will be necessary.
Volumes which fail at or below 5 DFT are flagged to notify staff and patrons
to exercise care in handling. Volumes failing at 3 DFT are considered to need
extra-special care in handling. These volumes also may suffer structural
damage during imaging treatments when the leaf-attachment (i.e., binding)
utilizes oversewing, brittle adhesives or tight case structures often favored
by publishers of juvenilia. Three double folds is the upper limit of
embrittlement reported by many libraries and, therefore, represents the most
common ground for inter-institutional comparisons. Volumes failing at 2 DFT
are considered to require supervised use though, often, such supervision
cannot be provided. Those failing at 0 DFT, in circulating collections, are
restricted and used only under supervision. These volumes, based on their
extreme poor physical condition, are given priority for reformatting since any
further use tends to result in their incremental or complete destruction.

Corners of nearly half of all volumes surveyed (44.26%) broke before one
double fold, i.e., 0 DFT. Corners of another 32.78% failed at 1 DFT, while
another 10.37% failed at 2 DFT. Together, volumes failing at or below 2 DFT
represent 87.41% of all volumes surveyed. At or below 5 DFT, 94.82% of the
sampled volumes are embrittled (cf, Table 4). This finding is relatively
consistent with the earlier survey's findings. In comparison to embrittlement
of the University of Florida's circulating collections, the embrittlement of
the Baldwin Library's nineteenth century materials is dramatic. In
circulating collections, 19.57% of a 1989/90 survey sample of 1865 volumes was
brittle at or below 5 DTF.e A mere 9.81% of circulating volumes sampled was
brittle at or below 2 DFT. Only 1.39% of the circulating sample failed below
one double fold, i.e., 0 DFT. The degree of risk to Baldwin Library materials
is in stark contrast.

Evaluation of the sample's embrittlement by decade of publication (cf,
Table 5) makes more dramatic the magnitude of the problem. Imprints dated
between 1860 and 1899 exceed the Baldwin Library average embrittlement at

Page 4

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

every double fold test level. Those dated between 1850 and 1859 nearly equal
the average. Embrittlement of the sample between 1870 and 1919 is complete;
not a single unembrittled item was detected. While embrittlement was
anticipated given knowledge of the strength and longevity of paper
manufactured after 1850, the degree of embrittlement is astonishing.
Embrittlement of circulating materials from the same period, 1851 through
1899, was consistently two-thirds less extreme at every double fold test level
and was never complete. Analysis supports conjecture either or both that
juvenilia was printed on the inferior paper of the day and that storage
conditions for juvenilia were more extreme than those accorded scholarly or
adult publications. As opposed to other research materials, those in the
Baldwin Library were acquired only after extensive periods in private
collections under uncontrolled environmental conditions. This report does not
purport to study the sociological implications of or historical evidence for
either possibility.

Evaluation of the sample's embrittlement by place of publication (cf,
Table 6) makes little further differentiation possible. At the most extreme
double fold test level, i.e., 0 DFT, domestic imprints in the sample are more
brittle that foreign imprints. However, by the first double fold test level
(1 DFT), percentage of embrittlement is equal; and thereafter, slightly
greater among foreign imprints. Among domestic imprints, analysis of those
originating in New York and Massachusetts (for which statistical confidence is
greatest), levels of embrittlement are fairly consistent with overall domestic
and total survey levels. Embrittlement levels for items published in New York
tend to be slightly less severe than the averages, while those published in
Massachusetts tend to be slightly more severe. New York imprints (10.38%) are
more than three times as likely as Massachusetts imprints (3.19%) to be
unembrittled. However, both New York (82.07%) and Massachusetts (88.30%)
imprints are likely to be embrittled and require supervised use, i.e., to fail
at or below 2 DFT. Studies of similar materials held elsewhere do not exist
and, therefore, prevent verification or comparison of these findings.

Physical condition is also evaluated on the basis of missing parts or
pages, as well as, deterioration of structure and illegibility text resulting
from misuse (cf, Table 7a). Evidence of illegibility resulting from misuse
was not evidenced. Only 1.30% of sampled volumes were missing parts or pages;
and, 10.93% of the sample showed signs of structural deterioration.
Cross-tabulation of these factors (cf, Table 7b) indicates that 12.04% of
sampled volumes suffer from either illegibility or structural deterioration.
Structural deterioration has probably been minimized because access to the
collection, until now, largely has been restricted and because the Smythe-sewn
(i.e., through-the-fold) style of leaf-attachment in which most volumes are
bound does not place great stress on embrittled papers. Because incidence of
poor physical conditions was so low, cross-tabulation of this data does not
provide statistically meaningful extrapolation of results except in relation
to embrittlement, large imprint date groups and imprint place. To make data
more meaningful, cross-tabulations of imprint classes excluded unembrittled
items.

Because embrittlement of the Baldwin Library materials is so nearly

Page 5

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

complete, cross-tabulation of poor physical conditions with embrittlement
produces results similar to overall findings. Both sets of findings have a
confidence level of 95% + 5%. Only 1.17% of the sample is both embrittled and
missing parts or pages, while 10.93% is both embrittled and show signs of
structural deterioration (cf, Table 7b). Structural deterioration of
embrittled volumes probably has been minimized, again, because access to the
collection, until now, largely has been restricted and because embrittled
Smythe-sewn volumes evidence little stress. Interpretation of results must be
cautioned however. Items not missing parts or pages are as likely as those
missing them to be embrittled. The same is true of items structurally
deteriorated or not deteriorated. Embrittlement can not be determined to be a
cause of poor physical conditions but neither can it be disassociated from
these conditions.

Cross-tabulation of poor physical conditions against both the bulk imprint
date group (i.e., 1830-1899) and its subset concentrations (i.e., 1850-1869
and 1880-1899) produces results with a confidence level of approximately 90% +
10%. Within the 1830-1899 bulk imprint date group, the incidence of missing
parts or pages is 0.73%, while that of structural deterioration is 10.18% (cf,
Table 8). Within the 1850-1869 and 1880-1899 subsets, incidence of missing
parts or pages was not reported. While the incidence of structural
deterioration within the 1880-1890 subset is roughly equal to that reported in
the bulk group, incidence in the 1850-1969 subset (13.68%) is higher; nearly
one half of all cases reported in the bulk group occur within this subset.

Cross-tabulation of poor physical conditions against imprint place
produces results, per foreign and domestic imprint categories, with a
confidence level of approximately 90% + 10%. Both foreign and domestic
imprints suffer structural deterioration at a rate eleven to fourteen times
greater than part- or page-loss (cf, Table 9). The incidence of part- or
page-loss among foreign imprints is 0.40% while, among domestic imprints, it
is 0.81%. The incidence of structural deterioration among foreign imprints is
5.86% while, among domestic imprints, it is 9.68%. This data suggests that
foreign imprints in the collection either were not as heavily used as domestic
imprints or were printed on paper of greater quality, if not both. With
regard to the New York and Massachusetts subsets of domestic imprints, rates
are not consistent with the aggregate. Missing part or page rates are
slightly higher, while those for structural deterioration are lower than those
of the domestic aggregate.

Other indications of physical condition noted were damage to case or
spine. Numerical data were not maintained for these conditions, but incidence
of them were few. Most damage to cases resulted from either insect
infestation or fading. Insects which appear to have damaged cases include
termites, cockroaches and various beetles including dermestidae (i.e., carpet
beetles). Both insects and fading weaken cases in areas exposed to either
light or air. Most damage to spines resulted from insect infestation, brittle
adhesives or inflexible spine covering material. Carpet beetles were
responsible for most of this damage. Most brittle adhesives were animal glues
(rather than paste). Inflexible spine covering materials included stiff,
often highly acidic, card stocks.

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George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Results, in summary, indicate a collection which, while not in great
disrepair, is in a state of extreme distress resulting from advanced
embrittlement. Embrittlement is most extreme among imprints dated 1860
through 1899 and is complete within the sample for those dated after 1870.
Embrittlement of all imprints, regardless of date, far exceed that reported in
the University of Florida's circulating collections and from other research
libraries. Origin does not seem to be a factor in consideration of
embrittlement or other conditions though it may allow the necessary hairs to
be split in order to define prioritized access and preservation plans.

Microfilming Pre-Test : a study of physical condition.

By the end of 1991, after initial data analyses and discussions with the
Baldwin Library's curator, a decision was made to conduct a microfilming
pre-test to study the endurance of nineteenth century materials under
conditions of microfilming. Because initial analyses could not predict damage
which might occur either from heavy use or microfilming, it was agreed that
materials selected for the pre-test would include volumes of literature
representative of nineteenth century publishing, similar in structure and
condition to materials held in the Baldwin Library.

Microfilming activity consisted of opening a volume page by page,
placement in a book-cradle for microfilming and application of pressure
(absorbed by the spine) from the cradle's glass platen. Effects of this
activity are assumed to be roughly equal to one.heavy use or successive
ordinary uses. While results may be applied to creation of in-house use
restrictions, they are primarily suggestive of physical selection criteria
for microfilming.

Thirteen volumes, microfilmed to preservation standards on two 35mm
reels, were selected. Though this number does not provide firm statistical
information, the cost of microfilming precluded study of a larger sample.
The collection of test volumes, for the most part, reflected the Baldwin
Library collection as defined by survey analyses (cf, Table 14). Side-
stitched and stab-sewn volumes characteristic of titles intended for use by
the youngest audiences as well as early nineteenth century publications are
obvious omissions of the pre-test. Items of appropriate age meeting the
former criterion were available only in altered (i.e., contemporary
commercial) bindings uncharacteristic of Baldwin Library materials. Items
meeting the latter criterion were held under restricted access, which
precluded microfilming, in the Rare Books Library of the Department of Special
Collections.

Prior to and following microfilming, the condition of each volume was
accessed. Condition reports noted DFT, method of leaf attachment, and the

Page _f"

I

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

condition of structural facets including: hinges, joints, end-sheets, and
end-bands, as well as, the functionality of the case and text-block/leaf
attachment. Damage was summarized using the terms: "minor", "moderate",
and "major" which correspond to ARL Preservation Questionnaire conservation
treatment categories: "minor", "intermediate", and "major".

Pre-test results (cf, Tables 15-17) examine the initial physical
characteristics of volumes which were damaged during microfilming. Few,
though predictable, patterns can be seen. Damaged volumes tend to have
prior structural damage or weaknesses; and the pages of damaged volumes
usually have DFT measures less than or equal to one (DFT < 1). Because
undamaged volumes tend to share these characteristics, they cannot be used
alone as microfilming selection criteria.

In analysis of damage to cases, there appeared to be 7.69% chance of
damage resulting from microfilming. In analysis of damage to the text-block,
there appeared to be a 42.86% chance of additional damage. Additional damage
was recorded also in relation to prior damage to hinges (37.50% increase).
While prior damage of joints and end-sheets was not evidenced, data suggests
that joint failure occurs at a rate of 7.69% and end-sheet failure, at a rate
of 9.10%. As with the majority of items in the Baldwin Library, the joints
were covered by bookcloth or leather, rarely paper. End-sheet papers were
thicker and more durable than text-block papers. While damage was sustained,
major damage was not suffered by any item as a result of microfilming.

There appears to be a nearly 50% chance, for example, that items with
DFT < 1 will be damaged during microfilming. But, when the DFT measure drops
to zero, chances of damage increase to 75%. And, when the DFT equals 1,
chances of damage decrease to 20%. It is a relatively sound belief that items
with no folding endurance (i.e., 0 DFT) will be damaged during microfilming.
It is, perhaps, then, equally sound to assume that -- because microfilming
places uncommon stress on the spine -- oversewn, side-stitched and stab-sewn
structures, which have poor spinal flexibility, will also be damaged during
microfilming when the DFT of their paper measures zero.

Microfilming selection criteria suggested by this study are exclusionary
and would eliminate: (1) oversewn volumes and other volumes with similar leaf
attachment; (2) volumes with a DFT measures less than one (DFT < 1); and (3)
volumes which, heretofore, have suffered structural deterioration of the
hinge(s) or text-block/leaf attachment; as well as, (4) select materials with
illegible text for which either OCLC or RLIN indicate the existence of another
copy elsewhere. Volumes excluded as a result of these criteria but for which
partial or complete disbinding is acceptable will be "torn-down" (by hand
rather than by guillotine) to preserve text and make "reconstruction"
possible. Reconstruction, when indicated, because of embrittlement, will take
the form of the "Mylar" (i.e., encapsulated) book. Because neither granting
agencies or commercial micro-publishers tend to fund post-microfilming
preservation activity, reconstruction costs, in addition to artifact-value,
should be taken under advisement and considered as criteria in the decision to
disbind materials for microfilming. Volumes not selected for microfilming,
particularly because of DFT or other extreme physical conditions, might be

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George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

placed in restrictive access and held until paper strengthening and other
preservation technologies can be developed and evaluated. The development of
these technologies, however, should not be seen as a panacea.

The microfilming pre-test leaves begging the question of filming because
additional (structural) damage might be sustained or because damage has
already been sustained. Selection criteria for circulating materials favor
microfilming items which have already sustained structural damage as well as
embrittlement. It is assumed that items which circulate once will be used
again and that additional use will result in additional damage. Microfilming
captures these items in their best condition. Unfortunately, data which
specifically relates use to deterioration of circulating nineteenth century
publications does not exist. Even if, as is most probable, this assumption is
true, comparison of circulating materials with those housed in the Baldwin
Library is limited to the extent that individual Baldwin Library materials may
be used. If they are used they will suffer damage, but how many ordinary uses
will exert the forces and produce the same results as preservation
microfilming is unknown.

Recommendations for Access, Preservation Treatment, and Further Study.

Recommendations for access and preservation treatment contained in this
report arise solely out of information about the physical condition of Baldwin
Library materials and predictors of deterioration as indicated by the
microfilming pre-test. Compromise of these recommendations is anticipated as
the Smathers Libraries, their Preservation Office and Department of Special
Collections and, particularly, its Baldwin Library consider related issues of
staffing, supply costs, and anticipated use of both the artifact and its
information (i.e., "intellectual") content. The following recommendations
assume that items in the collection have artifact value both individually and
as a collection.

Access Recommendations:

01. To encourage care and facilitate the following recommendations each
volume in the collection should be flagged with a pH buffered Brittle
Books Flier at the time of next use. The flier should remain with the
volume upon re-shelving. The flier now in use for circulating collections
includes a record of the volume's DFT and brief text encouraging care in
handling. In addition to this information, notes about the availability
of reproductions in the University of Florida Libraries should be
recorded.

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George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

02. Staff and patrons should be asked to exercise care in handling of all
library materials, particularly brittle volumes.

03. Staff and patrons should be asked to exercise additional care in handling
of items with a DFT measure less than 4.

04. Use of items with a DFT measure less than 3 should be supervised.

05. Items with a 0 DFT measure, i.e., those without folding endurance, should
be restricted and use prevented until reproduction can be made or
technological developments make other preservation possible.

06. Titles reproduced for the collections either in microform or facsimile
should be used in reproduction, regardless of the original's physical
condition and embrittlement, unless research entails (physical) study of
the artifact. Copy holdings statements in the OPAC should be (re)arranged
as reproductions are cataloged to present information about reproductions
before the original.

07. Cataloging standards should be equivalent or superior to those currently
being used for preservation microforms.

Preservation Treatment Recommendations:

01. Microfilming of select items from the Baldwin Library should begin
immediately. Filming should begin with a small subset of materials to
re-evaluate pre-test findings.
Other imaging technologies are not yet under proper standards controls.
Deacidification technologies, though they halt further embrittlement,
cannot reverse the effects of embrittlement to date of treatment.
Paper strengthening technologies are, at best, ten to twenty years from
perfection and affordable commercial availability. They do not represent
a panacea to the current problem. They cannot recover materials lost to
deterioration and continued use during this period of waiting. Only those
materials which might be damaged by microfilming and will survive under
conditions of restricted access (i.e., no use) should be held for future
paper strengthening.
NOTE: Grant funds are available for microfilming projects.

02. Microfilming selection criteria and criteria for disbinding prior to
microfilming, as discussed above, should be adopted, albeit further
delimited by bibliographic considerations.
In order to preserve artifact value, only materials which are not likely
to sustain additional damage as a result of microfilming should be filmed
at this time.
In order to assure access, if projected use of (unfilmed) originals is
likely to equal or exceed damage resulting from microfilming, heavy-use
items should be microfilmed regardless of resultant damage.

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George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

03. Microfilming standards should be equivalent or superior to those currently
used for preservation microfilming. Because of the nature and value of
the collection, items should be filmed on-site.

04. Works of the same author or of the same genre should complete individual
reels of microfilm to facilitate cataloging and research.

05. Assuming the artifact value of volumes, those suffering structural
deterioration, loose pages or page loss should be phase-boxed to retard or
minimize the effects of continued deterioration even if reproductions
exist.

06. Restoration should be accorded only those volumes which are not brittle
at the time of treatment. Deacidification should be incorporated into
restoration treatments. Volumes should be torn down for deacidification
and rebuilt as originally constructed after if no acceptable means of
deacidification whole may be procured. Example of unacceptable
deacidification treatments include those which treat pages unevenly,
either across its breadth (i.e., outside to gutter margin) or throughout
its depth (e.g., those which act as surface agents). Criteria for
restoration should be founded upon the bibliographic and structural
importance of the item. Record of the item's original structure and
treatments should be maintained with the original.

07. Reconstruction, in the form of the "Mylar" book, should be accorded to
completely disbound and embrittled volumes which require retention in the
collection. Criteria for reconstruction should be founded upon the item's
value or the importance of its imprint characteristics, as well as
bibliographic importance. Deacidification should be incorporated
selectively into reconstruction treatments when reproductions exist.
Record of the item's original structure should be maintained (i.e., bound)
with the Mylar book.

[Note: Granting agencies may fund conservation (e.g., phase-boxing,
restoration, etc) of materials for which a decision not to microfilm has been
made on the basis of structure, physical condition, or predicted artifact
deterioration resulting from microfilming, contingent upon the value of the
materials' information content or value in the collection. Microfilming,
which makes information content widely available, is the primary preservation
activity for which grant funding is available.]

Recommendations for Further Study:

01. Study binding structures utilized by publishers of juvenilia, providing
analyses by intended age group (i.e., audience), genre, and place and date
of publication, as well as, by classification of structures and their
durability in relation to that of materials used.

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I

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

02. Maintain the survey datafile, expand it as information about other titles
is compiled, and update datafile records lacking date of publication as
titles are cataloged. This data more completely profiles the collection.

03. Encourage similar studies at other institutions holding significant
collections of nineteenth century juvenilia and compare findings.
Comparison, together with merged datafiles, begins to minimize the
influence of the collectors and their collecting activities in analyses
of the publishing history of nineteenth century juvenilia.

04. Invite investigation of the publishing history of nineteenth century
juvenilia and the socio-political ramifications of that history.

References

1 Stern, Madeleine Bettina. Publishers for mass entertainment in
nineteenth century America. Boston, MA : G.K. Hall, 1980. p. xi.

2 University of Florida Libraries. Preservation Planning Program. Physical
Condition Task Force. Report. Gainesville, FL : the Libraries, 1990.

Page 1i I 2

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 1: Breakdown of Survey Sample by Place of Publication

Country

United States
New York
Massachusetts
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Ohio
Indiana
Louisiana
Maryland
Unknown

United Kingdom

Germany

Unknown

Total

Frequency

268
106
94
50
5
4
2
1
1
5

259

540

% Total

49.63
19.63
17.41
9.26
0.93
0.74
0.37
0.18
0.18
0.93

% SubTotal

39.55
35.07
18.66
1.87
1.49
0.75
0.37
0.37
1.87

47.96

0.19

2.22

100.00 100.00

Page 13

I

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 2: Breakdown of Survey Sample by Date of Publication

Decade

1790-99

Year

1791
1799

Year
Frq

1
1

Decade
Frq

Percent
Total

Percent
Dated

2 0.37 0.69

1800-09 1803

1820-29 1820
1822

1830-39 1830
1831
1832
1834
1835
1836
1839

1840-49 1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849

1850-59 1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859

1860-69 1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
.1869

1 1 0.19 0.34

1
1 2 0.37 0.69

1
1
2
2
3.
4
5 18 3.33 6.21

1
2
1
4
2
4
2
4
5
4 29 5.37 10.00

3
5
3
7
0
4
6
2
3
5 48 8.89 16.55

53 9.81 18.28

Page 14

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 2. (continued)

Decade

1870-79

Year

1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879

1880-89 1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889

1890-99 1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899

1900-09 1900
1902

1910-19 1910
1912

No date

Total

Year
Frq

4
6
2
4
5
1
1
1
3
4

4
3
6
3
6
4
3
3
10
7

Decade
Frq

Percent
Total

Percent
Dated

31 5.74 10.69

49 9.07 16.90

49 9.07 16.90

6. 1.11 2.07

2 0.37 0.69

250 250 46.30

540 540 100.00

100.00

Page 15

I

L:l ~ I U

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 3: Cross-tabulation of Decade of Publication with Place of Publication

US Foreign Unknown
Decade Imprint Imprint Imprint Total

1790-99 0 2 0 2
% of row 0.00 100.00 0.00
% of column 0.00 0.77 0.00

1800-09 0 1 0 1
% of row 0.00 100.00 0.00
% of column 0.00 0.39 0.00

1810-19 0 0 0 0
% of row 0.00 0.00 0.00
% of column 0.00 0.00 0.00

1820-29 1 1 0 1
% of row 50.00 50.00 0.00
% of column 0.37 0.39 0.00

1830-39 10 8 0 18
of row 55.66 44.44 0.00
% of column 3.73 3.08 0.00

1840-49 20 9 0 29
% of row 68.97 31.03 0.00
% of column 7.46 3.46 0.00

1850-59 34 14 0 48
% of row 70.83 29.17 0.00
X of column 12.69 5.39 0.00

1860-69 44 8 1 53
% of row 83.02 15.09 1.89
% of column 16.42 3.08 8.33

1870-79 19 11 1 31
% of row 61.29 35.48 3.23
% of column 7.09 4.23 8.33

1880-89 29 20 0 49
of row 59.18 40.82 0.00
% of column 10.82 7.69 0.00

1890-99 32 16 1 49
% of row 65.31 32.65 2.04
% of column 11.94 6.15 8.33

Page 16

1

S George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 3. (continued)

US Foreign Unknown
Decade Imprint Imprint Imprint Total

1900-09 4 2 0 6
% of row 66.67 33.33 0.00
% of column 1.49 0.77 0.00

1910-19 2 0 0 2
% of row 100.00 0.00 0.00
% of column 0.75 0.00 0.00

No date 73 168 9 250
% of row 29.20 67.20 3.60
% of column 27.24 64.62 75.00

Total 268 260 12 540
/ of row 49.63 48.15 2.22
X of column 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 4: Breakdown of Survey Sample by Double Fold Test Measure

DFT Frq % Brittle Cum % Brtl % Total Cum % Total

0 239 46.68 46.68 44.26 44.26
1 177 34.57 81.25 32.78 77.04
2 56 10.94 92.19 10.37 87.41
3 24 4.69 96.88 4.44 91.85
4 9 1.76 98.64 1.67 93.52
5 7 1.36 100.00 1.30 94.82
NB* 28 -.- -.- 5.18 100.00

*NB Not Brittle
*NB Not Brittle

Page 17

I

George A.'Smathers Libraries of the University of F-lorida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 5: Cross-tabulation of Double Fold Test Measure with Decade of Publication

Decade DFTO DFT1 DFT2 DFT3 DFT4 DFT5 NB Total

1790-99 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
% row 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 100.00
cum row 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 ---
% col 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57
cum col 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57

1800-09 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
% row 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
cum rowlO0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ---
% col 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cum col 0.42 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57

1810-19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
% row 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
cum row 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ---
% col 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cum col 0.42 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57

1820-29 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2
% row 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 100.00
cum row 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 ---
% col 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57
cum col 0.42 0.00 3.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.14

1830-39 4 1 6 2 1 0 4 18
% row 22.22 5.56 33.33 11.11 5.56 0.00 22.22 100.00
cum row 22.22 27.78 61.11 72.22 77.78 77.78 ---
% col 1.67 0.56 10.71 8.33 11.11 0.00 14.29
cum col 2.09 0.56 14.29 8.33 11.11 0.00 21.43

1840-49 4 14 4 3 0 1 3 29
% row 13.79 48.28 13.79 10.34 0.00 3.45 10.34 100.00
cum row 13.79 62.07 75.86 86.20 86.20 89.65 ---
% col 1.67 7.91 7.14 12.50 0.00 14.29 10.71
cum col 3.76 8.47 21.43 20.83 11.11 14.29 32.14

1850-59 14 17 6 4 1 2 4 48
% row 29.17 35.42 12.50 8.33 2.08 4.17 8.33 100.00
cum row 29.17 64.59 77.09 85.42 87.50 91.67 ---
% col 5.86 9.60 10.71 16.67 11.11 28.57 14.29
cum col 9.62 18.07 32.14 37.50 22.22 42.86 46.43

1860-69 27 15 6 3 0 0 2 53
% row 50.94 28.30 11.32 3.77 0.00 0.00 3.77 100.00
cum row 50.94 79.24 90.56 94.33 94.33 94.33 ---
col 11.30 8.47 10.71 12.50 0.00 0.00 7.14
cum col 20.92 26.54 42.85 50.00 22.22 42.86 53.57

Page 18

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 5. (continued)

Decade

1870-79
% row
cum row
% col
cum col

1880-89
% row
cum row
% col
cum col

1890-99
% row
cum row
% col
cum col

1900-09
% row
cum row
% col
cum col

1910-19
% row
cum row
% col
cum col

No date
% row
cum row
% col
CumCol

Total
Cum Totl
% of Totl
Cum %Totl
% of Brtl
Cum %Brtl

DFTO DFT1

19 8
61.29 25.81
61.29 87.10
7.95 4.52
28.87 31.06

25
51.02
51.02
10.46
39.33

32
65.31
65.31
13.39
52.72

2
33.33
33.33
0.84
53.56

1
50.00
50.00
0.42
53.98

110
44.00
44.00
46.03
100.01

239
239
44.26
44.26
46.6E
46.6E

20
40.82
91.84
11.30
42.36

14
28.57
93.88
7.91
50.27

3
50.00
83.33
1.69
51.96

1
50.00
100.00
0.56
52.52

84
33.60
77.60
47.60
100.12

177
416
32.7E
77.04
S34.5-
S81.2e

DFT2

1
3.23
90.33
1.79
44.64

3
6.12
97.96
5.36
50.00

3
6.12
100.00
5.36
55.36

1
16.67
100.00
1.79
57.15

0
0.00
100.00
0.00
57.15

24
9.60
87.20
42.86
100.01

56
472
S10.37
87.41
10.94
S 92.15

DFT3

1
3.23
93.56
4.17
54.17

0
0.00
97.96
0.00
54.17

0
0.00
100.00
0.00
54.17

0
0.00
100.00
0.00
54.17

0
0.00
100.00
0.00
54.17

11
4.40
91.60
45.83
100.00

24
496
4.44
91.85
4.69
96.8E

DFT4

1
3.23
96.79 1
11.11
33.33

1
2.04
100.00 1
11.11
44.44

0
0.00
100.00 1
0.00
44.44

0
0.00
100.00 1
0.00
44.44

0
0.00
100.00 1
0.00
44.44

5
2.00
93.60
55.56
100.00 1

9
505
1.67
93.52
1.76
S98.64

DFT5

1
3.23
.00.00
14.29
57.15

0
0.00
.00.00
0.00
57.15

0
0.00
.00.00
0.00
57.15

0
0.00
.00.00
0.00
57.15

0
0.00
100.00
0.00
57.15

3
1.20
94.80
42.86
100.01

7
512
1.30
94.82
1.36
100.00

Page 19

NB

0
0.00

0.00
53.57

0
0.00

0.00
53.57

0
0.00

0.00
53.57

0
0.00

0.00
53.57

0
0.00

0.00
53.57

13
5.20

46.43
100.00

28
540
5.19
100.01

Total

31
100.00

49
100.00

49
100.00

6
100.00

2
100.00

250
100.00

540

__ ~ .___._..

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 6: Cross-tabulation of Double Fold Test Measure with Place of Publication.

Place

Unknown
% row
cum %

Foreign
% row
cum %

Domestic
% row
cum %

Total
Cum Tot

DFTO

6
50.00
50.00

98
37.69
37.69

135
50.37
50.37

239
239

DFT1

5
41.67
91.67

100
38.46
76.15

72
26.87
77.24

-477
416

DFT2

0
0.00
91.67

34
13.08
89.23

23
8.58
85.82

57
473

DFT3

0
0.00
91.67

14
5.38
94.61

10
3.73
89.55

24
497

DFT4

0
0.00
91.67

4
1.54
96.15

5
1.87
91.42

9
506

DFT5

0
0.00
91.67

4
1.54
97.69

3
1.12
92.54

7
513

NB

1
8.33

7
2.69

20
7.46

28

Total

12
100

260
100

268
100

540

Page 20

NY 51 26 10 6 0 2 .11 106
% row 48.11 24.53 9.43 5.66 0.00 1.89 10.38 100
cum X 48.11 72.64 82.07 87.73 87.73 89.62

MA 46 30 7 2 5 1 3 94
% row 48.94 31.91 7.45 2.13 5.32 1.06 3.19 100
cum r 48.94 80.85 88.30 90.43 95.75 96.81

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F-lorida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 7a: Breakdown of Survey Sample by Physical Condition Descriptors

Descriptor

Missing parts
or pages
Not missing
parts or pages

Broken into
pieces
Not broken
into pieces

% Total

7 1.30

533

540

98.70

100.00

59 10.93

481

540

89.07

100.00

Descriptor

Embrittled

Not embrittled

Illegible

Not illegible

Frq % Total

512

94.81

28 5.19

540 100.00

0 0.00

540 100.00

540 100.00

Page 21

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F-orida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 7b: Cross-tabulation of Physical Condition Descriptors

Page 22

Missing Not Broken Not Brittle Not
CONDITION pt/pg missing broken brittle
pt/pg

COLUMN COUNT 7 533 59 481 512 28

Missing pt/pg 7 -- 1 6 6 6
% Column Count 100 -- 1.69 1.23 1.17 21.43
X Total sample 1.30 --- 0.19 1.11 1.11 1.11

Not missing pt/pg -- 533 58 475 506 27
% Column Count --- 100 98.31 98.75 98.83 96.43
STotal sample --- 98.70 10.74 87.96 93.70 5.00

Broken 1 58 59 -- 56 3
% Column Count 14.29 10.88 100 -- 10.93 10.71
% Total sample 0.19 10.37 10.93 --- 10.37 0.56

Not broken 6 475 --- 481 456 25
Column Count 85.71 89.12 --- 100 89.06 89.29
% Total sample 1.11 87.96 --- 89.07 84.44 4.63

Brittle 6 506 56 456 512 ---
% Column Count 85.71 94.93 94.92 94.80 100
% Total sample 1.11 93.70 10.37 84.44 94.81 --

Not brittle 6 27 3 25 --- 28
% Column Count 85.71 5.07 5.08 5.20 --- 100
% Total sample 1.11 5.00 0.56 4.63 --- 5.19

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 8: Breakdown of Damaged, Brittle Books (DFT <5) by Type of Damage and
Date of Publication

Decade Missing parts Broken into Brittle
Published or pages pieces Both Count

1830-39 0 2 0 14
% count 0.00 14.29 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 0.37 0.00 2.73
% survey 0.00 3.57 0.00 2.59

1840-49 1 1 0 26
% count 3.85 3.85 0.00 100.00
% column 16.67 1.79 0.00 5.08
% survey 0.19 0.19 0.00 4.81

1850-59 0 4 0 44
% count 0.00 9.09 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 7.14 0.00 8.59
% survey 0.00 0.74 0.00 8.15

1860-69 0 9 0 51
% count 0.00 17.65 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 16.07 0.00 9.96
% survey 0.00 1.67 0.00 9.44

1850-69 0 13 0 95
% count 0.00 13.68 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 23.21 0.00 18.55
% survey 0.00 2.41 0.00 17.59

1870-79 1 2 1 31
% count 3.23 6.45 3.23 100.00
% column 16.67 3.57 100.00 6.05
% survey 0.19 0.37 0.19 5.74

1880-89 0 6 0 49
count 0.00 12.24 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 10.71 0.00 9.57
X survey 0.00 1.11 0.00 9.07

1890-99 0 4 -, 0 49
% count 0.00 8.16 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 7.14 0.00 9.57
% survey 0.00 0.73 0.00 9.07

Page 23

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F-lorida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 8. (continued)

Missing parts
or pages

Broken into
pieces

1880-99 0 10 0 98
% count 0.00 10.20 0.00 100.00
% column 0.00 17.86 0.00 19.14
% survey 0.00 1.85 0.00 18.15

No date 4 28 0
% count 1.69 11.81 0.00
% column 66.67 50.00 0.00
% survey 0.73 5.19 0.00

Total
% count
% column
% survey

6
1.17
100.00
1.11

56
10.94
100.00
10.37

1
1.95
100.00
0.19

237
100.00
46.29
43.89

512
100.00
100.00
94.81

Page 24

Decade
Published

Both

Brittle
Count

_

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Forida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 9: Breakdown of Damaged, Brittle Books
Place of Publication

(DFT <5) by Type of Damage and

Place
Published

Unknown
% count
% column
% survey

Foreign
% count
% column
% survey

Domestic
% count
% column
% survey

Total
% count
% column
% survey

Missing parts
or pages

3
27.27
50.00
0.56

1
0.40
16.67
0.19

2 '-
0.81
33.33
0.37

6
1.17
100.00
1.11

Broken into
pieces

2
18.18
3.57
0.37

30
5.86
53.57
5.56

24
9.68
42.86
4.44

56
10.94
100.00
10.37

Page 25

Both

0
0.00
0.00
0.00

0
0.00
0.00
0.00

1
0.40
100.00
0.19

1
0.20
100.00
0.19

Brittle
Count

11
100.00
2.15
2.04

253
100.00
49.41
46.85

248
100.00
48.44
45.93

512
100.00
100.00
94.81

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F-lorida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table lOa: RLG Institutions with Overlapping Hardcopy Holdings.

The following table is based upon the total survey sample of 540 titles.
Data presented is of very limited statistical validity. Arrays are used
to illustrate the intensity of collecting in the area of eighteenth century
juvenilia at other institutions only in comparison to Baldwin Library
holdings.
Table 10b details holdings among OCLC institutions.

INSTITUTION Frq. %Survey

American Antiquarian Society 26 4.81
Berkeley Public Library 2 0.37
Brigham Young University 8 1.48
British Library 5 0.93
Brown University 24 4.44
California State Library 6 1.11
Center for Research Libraries 3 0.56
Chadwick-Healey 3 0.56
Colorado State University 1 0.19
Columbia University 5 0.93
Cornell University 6 1.11
Dartmouth College 6 1.11
Flagstaff/Coconino County Library (AZ) 2 0.37
Florida State University 9 1.67
Huntington Library 1 0.19
Johns Hopkins University 1 0.19
Library Company of Philadelphia 1 0.19
Library of Congress 5 0.93
Livermore Public Library 1 0.19
Los Angeles Public Library 1 0.19
Metropolitan Museum of Art (NYC) 1 0.19
Mills College 1 0.19
New York Historical Society 3 0.56
New York Public Library 8 1.48
New York University 1 0.19
North State Library System (Calif.) 2 0.37
Northwestern University 8 1.48
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC)E13 3 0.56
Pennsylvania State University 16 2.96
Pierpont Morgan Library 2 0.37
Princeton University 2 0.37
San Francisco Public Library 1 0.19
Stanford University 30 5.56
State University of New York, Albany 19 3.52
State University of New York, Binghamton 1 0.19

E13 master microforms held by OCLC member libraries reported in RLIN through
exchange of tape records.

Page 26

1

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 10a. (continued)

INSTITUTION Frq. %Survey

University of Califorina-Berkeley 18 3.33
University of California-Davis 2 0.37
University of California-Santa Barbara 9 1.67
University of Iowa 8 1.48
University of Michigan 10 1.85
University Microfilms International [23 2 0.37
University of Minnesota 16 2.96
University of Oklahoma 1 0.19
University of Pennsylvania 5 0.93
University of Rochester 7 1.30
University of Southern California 2 0.37
Western Library Network 1 0.19
Yale University 6 1.11

2E] commercially available microfilms.

Page 27

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 10b: OCLC Institutions with Overlapping Hardcopy Holdings.

The following table is based upon the total survey sample of 107 titles.
Data presented is of very limited statistical validity. Arrays are used
to illustrate the intensity of collecting in the area of eighteenth century
juvenilia at other institutions only in comparison to Baldwin Library
holdings.
Table 10a details holdings among RLG institutions.

INSTITUTION Frq. %Survey

Alabama Public Library Service 1 0.93
Allen County Public Library (IN) 1 0.93
Amarillo Public Library (TX) 1 0.93
Athenaeum of Philadelphia 1 0.93
Bethany Northern Baptist Seminary 1 0.93
Boston Public Library 3 2.80
Bowling Green State University (OH) 2 1.87
Brown University 2 1.87
Case Western Reserve University 1 0.93
Central Connecticut State College 1 0.93
Cleveland Public Library 1 0.93
Colby College 1 0.93
Colgate Rochester Divinity School 1 0.93
Collonial Williamsburg Foundation 2 1.87
Connecticut State Library 1 0.93
Denver Public Library 1 0.93
Detroit Public Library 4 3.74
Drexel University 1 0.93
East Texas State University 1 0.93
Emory University 3 2.80
Gordon College 1 0.93
Henry Ford Museum 1 0.93
Hollins College 1 0.93
Houston Public Library 1 0.93
Howard University 1 0.93
Illinois State University 6 5.60
Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library 1 0.93
Indiana University, Bloomington 3 2.80
Indiana Historical Society 1 0.93
Kent State University 1 0.93
Lincoln University 1 0.93
Loras College 1 0.93
Lynchburg College 1 0.93
Margaret Woodbury Strong Museum 1 0.93
Memphis State University 2 1.87
Michigan State University 4 3.74
Mississippi Library Commission 1 0.93
Mount Holyoke College 1 0.93

Page 28

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 10b. (continued)

INSTITUTION

National Library of Australia
New Orleans Public Library
Northern Illinois University
Northern Michigan University
Oberlin University
Old Sturbridge Village
Palomar Community College
Richmond Public Library (VA)
Rosemont College
Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary
San Jose State University
Simmons College
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
Southern Utah State College
State University of New York, Albany
Texas A&M University
Tokai University Chuo Toshokan (Japan)
Trinity College

University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of
University of

Alabama, Birmingham
Alabama, Montgomery
Arizona
Califorina-Berkeley
California, Los Angeles
Colorada, Boulder
Connecticut, Storrs
Hawaii
Houston
Illinois, Urbana
Louisville
Mississippi
North Carolina, Charlotte
Pittsburg
Rochester
South Carolina
South Florida
Southern Colorado
Tampa
Tennessee, Chattanooga
Texas, Austin
the South
Virginia
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin, Eau Claire
Wisconsin, Madison
Wisconsin, LaCrosse

Frq.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
5
1
1
2
S2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
5
1
1
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1

%Survey

0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
1.87
1.87
0.93
2.80
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
1.87
3.74
4.67
0.93
0.93
1.87
1.87
1.87
0.93
0.93
0.93
1.87
0.93
1.87
4.67
0.93
0.93
0.93
5.60
0.93
2.80
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93

Page 29

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 10b. (continued)

INSTITUTION

Waseda University (Japan)
Washington University (St. Louis)
Wayne State University
Wellesley College
West Chester University
Yonkers School System

Frq. %Survey

1 0.93
1 0.93
5 4.67
1 0.93
1 0.93
2 1.87

Page 30

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F4orida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table lla: Microform available in RLG?

Available

No Microform Format
Non-Preservation Format
Preservation Format

Frequency

516
4
20

%Total

95.56
0.74
3.70

Table 11b: Microform available in OCLC?
[107 titles searched]

Available

No OCLC Record Found
No Microform Format
Non-Preservation Format
Preservation Format

Table Ilc: Unique microform t
ERLIN and OCLC searches]

Available

No Microform Format
Non-Preservation Format
Preservation Format

Frequency

62
44
0
1

%Total

57.94
41.12
0.00
0.93

titles available?

Frequency

515
4
21

%Total

95.37
0.74
3.89

Page 31

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 12a: Preservation Microform (Microfilm/Microfiche) Availability.

Author

ENot Avaialble]

Abbott, Jacob

Andrews, Marion

Barbour, Margaret Frazer

Boddy, Ethel Ruth

Crawhall, Joseph

Eggleston, Edward

Hyde, Henry

Kelvin, Kit

Laboulaye, Edouard

MacDonald, George

MacManus, Seumas

Parsons, Isaac

Saunders, Marshall

Thompson, D'Arcy
Wentworth

Townsend, Elizabeth W.
Haydock

Vandegrift, Margaret

Warner, Susan

Watson, J. M. (James
Madison)

Woodworth, Francis
Channing

Title

Backwoods of Canada

Rollo learning to read

Sylvia's romance

Soul-gatherer

Two girls, or seed sown
through the post

Olde tayles newlye
related

Mystery of
Metropolisville

Animal alphabet

Kit Kelvin's kernels

Old wives' fables

Princess and Curdie

Donegal fairy stories

Memoir of Susannah
Elizabeth Bingham ...

Beautiful Joe

Fun and earnest; or,
rhymes with reason

White dove

Dead doll and other
verses

Stephen, M. D.

Independent primary reader

Young American's life of
Fremont

DFT RLIN Number

2 UKBXM90040510-B

0 IAUG85-B32689

2 VACC20599602-B

2 UKBXX88092206-B

0 UKBXX90030407-B

0 MNUGRUI123506858

0 ILRC9692029-B

0 RIBG86-B18904

1 ILRC2194579-B

1 DCLDB3219007-B

0 UKBXM89022301-B

0 NYCG87-B31536

6 CTYT90-B3465

1 OHLG19563318-B

1 VACC20599172-B

3 DCLC86133726-B

2 RIBG86-B18523

1 NYCG-B28056

0 OCLC #22873657

6 MIMP6938164-B

Page 32

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 12b: Micro-Opaque or Micro-Card (Non-Preservation Format) Availability.

Author

Alcott, Louisa May

Brewster, Emma E.

Buchannan, Robert
Williams

Logan, Thomas B.

Title

Garland for girls

Christmas box

Alone in London

Cousins, or the dying
requisition

DFT RLIN Number

0 DCLMNUC87312221

1 PAUG90-B51734

2 OHLG9243338-B

0 PAUG90-B51919

Page 33

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 13: Preservation MicroPublishers of Nineteenth Century Juvenilia :
"Market Share".

Institution
------------------------------------------
British Library .....................................
Brown University ....................................
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
Chadwick-Healey ................... ..................
Columbia University .................................
Library of Congress .................................
Lost Cause Press .......... ...........................
Research Publications ................................
University of Iowa ..................................
University Microfilms International ................
University of Minnesota .............................
TOTAL (11 Micro-Publishers) ..........--------------------...............------
TOTAL (11 Micro-Publishers)..........................

Frq. %Frq

4 20
2 10
1 5
3 15
2 10
2 10
1 5
2 10
1 5
1 5
1 5

20 100

%Survey

0.74
0.37
0.19
0.19
0.37
0.37
0.19
0.37
0.19
0.19
0.19

3.36

Page 34

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 14: Microfilm Pre-Test: Demographics.

Bar Code Number

31262000631795
31262001401743
31262001401750
31262020843800
31262020864947
31262020865472
31262031985053
31262040746728
31262042405752
31262042435890
31262042927952
31262042971548
31262046417480

Date

no date
1869
1869
no date
1901
1916
1894
1891
1899
1895
1896
1896
1910

Place

USA
UK
UK
USA
USA
USA
UK
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA

Leaf Attachment

sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn
sewn

on recessed cords
on tapes
on tapes

through
through
through
through
through
through
through
through
through
through

the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the

fold
fold
fold
fold
fold
fold
fold
fold
fold
fold

Page 35

DFT

0
1
1
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
2
3
1

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of F-lorida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 15a: Microfilm Pre-Test: Damage to the Case.

Bar Code Number

31262000631795
31262001401743
31262001401750
31262020843800
31262020864947
31262020865472
31262031985053
31262040746728
31262042405752
31262042435890
31262042927952
31262042971548
31262046417480

Before Filming

minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
moderate damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage

After Filming

minor damage
moderate damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
moderate damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage
minor damage

Table 15b: Microfilm Pre-Test: Damage to the Case: Characteristics of the Case
before Microfilming.

Item: 31262001401743
DFT: 1
Leaf attachment: sewn on tapes
Sewing: firm
Case: weak
Endsheet: intact
Hinge: intact

Page 36

Change

no change
change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 16a: Microfilm Pre-Test: Damage to the Text-Block.

Bar Code Number

31262000631795
31262001401743
31262001401750
31262020843800
31262020864947
31262020865472
31262031985053
31262040746728
31262042405752
31262042435890
31262042927952
31262042971548
31262046417480

Before Filming

minor damage
no damage
no damage
moderate damage
no damage
minor damage
minor damage
moderate damage
no damage
no damage
minor damage
no damage
minor damage

After Filming

moderate damage
no damage
on damage
major damage
no damage
minor damage
moderate damage
moderate damage
no damage
no damage
minor damage
no damage
minor damage

Table 16b: Microfilm Pre-Test: Damage to the Case: Characteristics of the
Text-Block before Microfilming.

Item: 31262000631795
DFT: 0
Leaf attachment: sewn on recessed cords
Sewing: firm
Case: secure
Endsheet: split at hinge
Hinge: tight

Item: 31262020843800
DFT: 0
Leaf attachment: sewn
Sewing: loose
Case: loose
Endsheet: loose
Hinge: split

Item: 31262031985053
DFT: 0
Leaf attachment: sewn
Sewing: firm
Case: secure
Endsheet: intact
Hinge: loose

through the fold

through the fold

Page 37

Change

change
no change
no change
change
no change
no change
change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change

DFT

0
1
1
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
2
3
1

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 17: Microfilm Pre-Test: Abbreviated Characterization of Damage.

Bar Code Number DFT Joints

31262000631795 0
before filming
after filming

31262001401743 1
before filming
after filming

31262001401750 1
before filming
after filming

31262020843800 0
before filming
after filming

31262020864947 1
before filming
after filming

31262020865472 3
before filming
after filming

31262031985053 0
before filming
after filming

31262040746728 0
before filming
after filming

31262042405752 2
before filming
after filming

31262042435890 1
before filming
after filming

Bar Code Number DFT Joints

Hinges

Endsheets Endcaps

..intact tight F/R split H/T worn......
intact F spit F/R split H/T worn
intact F split F/R split H/T worn

intact intact intact H wonting........
intacF split intact intact H wonting

F spiintact intact intact H/ wanting
...............................................

intact intact intact H/T wonting

intact F/R splintact intacF loose H/T wonting

intact F/R split F loose H/T wonting

intact tightF/R split F loose H/T wanting

intact tight intact intact

intact tightR loose intact T worntact

intact F/R loose intact T worn

intact R loose intact T wonting

intact F/R loose intact T wonting

intact F splitoose intact HT wonting

intact F split intacF split H/T worn
intact F split F split H/T worn

intact
intact
intact

tight intact intact
tight intact intact
tight intact intact

intact intact intact intact
intact intact intact intact
intact intact intact intact

Hinges

Endsheets Endcaps

Page 38

Change?

changed

changed

no change

no change

no change

change

change

change

no change

no change

Change?

^
>
f

George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

Table 17: Microfilm Pre-Test: Abbreviated Characterization of Damage.
(continued)

Bar Code Number DFT Joints Hinges Endsheets Endcaps Change?

31262042927952 2
before filming
after filming

31262042971548 3
before filming
after filming

31262046417480 1
before filming
after filming

.... no change

......intact R loose intact intact.
intact R loose intact intact
intact R loose intact intact

.....intact intact
intact intact
intact intact

intact R loose
intact R loose

..intact
intact
intact

intact
intact
intact

.... no change

.... no change

intact intact...
intact intact
intact intact

Bar Code Number DFT Joints Hinges Endsheets Endcaps Change?

Page 39

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

APPENDIX 1

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

The RLG Preservation Needs Assessment Project was designed by the Research
Libraries Group's Preservation Committee to standardize assessment surveys
among RLG institutions. Unlike previous surveys, the Project survey was also
designed to analyze more than physical condition. It takes into account
selection and storage considerations, and assigns preservation priorities and
recommends treatments. Information gathered as part of the Project will be
analyzed by computer to provide consistent evaluation.

The RLG Preservation Needs Assessment Project includes random sample,
survey, data entry and data analysis components, as well as environmental
survey of the Library. The survey is carried out in three stages: physical
condition survey; bibliographic search; and bibliographic evaluation. This
part of the survey has been simplified as much as possible by grouping types
of conditions, reducing survey time. Bibliographic information is collected
only for bibliographic consideration. Information such as place of
publication and date will not be analyzed as it has in previous surveys.

Page 40

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

Item numbers correspond to item numbers in the RLG Preservation Needs
Assessment Project tool.

1. General Information.
la. Collection: Baldwin. lb. Building: LIBE. Ic. Format: Codex.

Id. Author:

le. Title:

If. Place of Publication: Ig. Date:__

3. Condition Information.
3a. Missing parts or pages? ................................. Y N

3b. Broken into pieces, all of which are still there? ........ Y N

3c. Double fold test measure? .............. 0 1 2 3 4 5 NB

3d. Illegible (uncopyable) text/images? ...................... Y N

THIS PORTION OF THE SURVEY IS NOT COMPLETE.
SET THIS FORM ASIDE, RESHELVE THE ITEM AND BEGIN SURVEY OF NEXT ITEM.

4. Value Information.
4bl. Item available in another RLG library? .................. Y N

4b2. Microform available in an RLG library? .................. Y N
RLIN System number:

4b3. Item available in another OCLC library? ................. Y N

4b4. Microform available in an OCLC library? ................. Y N
OCLC System number:

THIS PORTION OF THE SURVEY IS NOT COMPLETE.
SET THIS FORM ASIDE, AND CONDUCT BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCH OF NEXT ITEM.

4. Value Information.
4a. If lost, invariably would be replaced? ................... Y N

Page 41

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

SURVEYOR'S INSTRUCTIONS

1. General Information.
la. Collection: "Baldwin" has been pre-printed. Do not change.
lb. Building: "Smathers" has been pre-printed. Do not change.
Ic. Format: "Codex", i.e., bound format, has been pre-printed. Do not
change.
Id. Author: Supply the name of the author as printed on the title page.
le. Title: Supply the title of the item as printed on the title page.
If. Place of Publication: Supply the place of publication as printed on the
item. If a place of publication can not be found, supply "S.1."
1g. Date: Supply the date of publication as found on the item. If a date
can not found, supply "n.d."

3. Condition Information.
3a. Missing parts or pages? Circle "Y" if the item is missing a
significant part of its text, pages, binding, case or cover. Do not
perform page by page collation.
3b. Broken into pieces, all of which are still there? Circle "Y" if the
text, any page, binding, case or cover is no longer intact or is badly
damaged, but could be put back together.
3c. Double fold test measure? Perform double fold test.
a Open book to any page other than title page, illustration,
photograph, or glossy paper.
Bend a portion of a corner down upon itself and crease.
NOTE: The corner should be small. It should not include text or
image.
a Unbend the corner. Then, bend the corner back in the opposite
direction and crease. IF THE CORNER BREAKS OFF, circle "0".
Unbend the corner. Then, gently pull it between finger and thumb.
IF THE CORNER BREAKS OFF, circle "1".
Repeat this double fold and gentle pull operation four more times.
IF THE CORNER BREAKS OFF, circle the number of double fold operations
performed.
IF THE CORNER DOES NOT BREAK OFF after 5 double folds, circle "NB".
3d. Illegible (uncopyable) text/image? Circle "Y" if significant portions
of the text or pages can not be read. Examples include faded text,
text obscured by ink or other stains, etc.

THIS PORTION OF THE SURVEY IS NOW COMPLETE.
SET THE FORM ASIDE, RESHELVE THE ITEM AND BEGIN SURVEY OF NEXT ITEM.

Page 42

4

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCHING INSTRUCTIONS

4. Value Information.

RLIN SEARCH.
Search the RLIN database using title word (tw) or title phrase (tp) search
strategies. NOTE: Author (as found in 245 field), place of publication and
date must match the survey form.
If the name of the AUTHOR differs between the 245 field and the 100 field,
change the survey form to record the name as found in the 100 field.
4b1. Item available in another RLG library? Circle "Y" IF ANOTHER HARD
COPY IS FOUND.
4b2. Microform available in an RLG library? Circle "Y" IF MICROFORM COPY
IS FOUND, and record its RLIN system number.

OCLC SEARCH.
Search the OCLC database using title/date search strategies. NOTE: Author
(as found in 245 field), place of publication and date must match the
survey form.
If the name of the AUTHOR differs between the 245 field and the 100 field,
change the survey form to record the name as found in the 100 field.
4bl. Item available in another OCLC library? Circle "Y" IF ANOTHER HARD
COPY IS FOUND.
4b2. Microform available in an OCLC library? Circle "Y" IF MICROFORM COPY
IS FOUND, and record its OCLC system number.

THIS PORTION OF THE SURVEY IS NOW COMPLETE.
SET THE FORM ASIDE, AND CONDUCT BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCH OF NEXT FORM.

Page 43

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

BIBLIOGRAPHER S INSTRUCTIONS

4. Value Information.
4a. If lost, invariably would be replaced? Review information recorded in
sections one (1) and four (4). Circle "Y" if the collection must have
this item or its textual information to provide core service.

THIS PORTION OF THE SURVEY IS NOW COMPLETE.
RETURN THE FORM TO THE PRESERVATION OFFICE FOR ANALYSIS OF DATA.

Page 44

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

RLG
PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES : SURVEY OF THE BALDWIN LIBRARY.

DATA ENTRY INSTRUCTIONS

1. General Information.
la. Collection: "Baldwin" has been pre-printed. Do not change.
lb. Building: "Smathers" has been pre-printed. Do not change.
Ic. Format: "Codex" has been pre-printed. Do not change.
Id. Author: Supply the name of the author as recorded.
le. Title: Supply the title as recorded.
if. Place of Publication: Supply the place of publication as recorded.
1g. Date: Supply the date of publication as recorded.

2. Exposure Information.
Information about storage conditions: shelving, environmental conditions,
disaster response plan, etc. are automatically supplied by the computer.
This information may not be altered.

3. Condition Information.
3a. Missing parts or pages? Record the letter circled.
3b. Broken into pieces, all of which are still there? Record the letter
circled.
3c. Double fold test measure? Record the letter circled.
3d. Illegible (uncopyable) text/image? Record the letter circled.

4. Value Information.
4a. If lost, invariably would be replaced? Record the letter circled.
4bl. Item available in another RLG library? Record the letter circled.
4b2. Microform available in an RLG library? Record the letter circled.
4b3. Item available in another OCLC library? Record the letter circled.
4b4. Microform available in an OCLC library? Record the letter circled.
4b. The computer automatically summarizes the information recorded in 4bl
through 4b2 in a general statement about availability.
4c/4d. The computer assumes the every item in the Baldwin Library, because
of its status in the Department of Special Collections, has been
consciously chosen because of its value alone or to the collection as
an artifact, for its information content, monetary value or rarity.

5. Item Preservation Priority.
The computer assigns weighted values to each of the above information
facets and calcultes a preservation treatment priority/categories.
Because of the homogeneity of items in the Baldwin Library, the number of
priority categories is expected to be small.

Page 45

/-

George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida.
Physical Condition Survey of the Baldwin Library.

6. Actions/Treatments Required.
6a. Actions Needed for Exposure.
The computer examines data recorded in section 2, above, and determines
appropriate actions needed to optimize exposure conditions. Actions
should be uniform for all items given realtive uniformity of conditions
within the Baldwin Library.
6b. Treatment Needed for Condition.
The computer examines data recorded in section 3, above, and determines
appropriate conservation treatments needed to restore or stabilize the
item's condition.
[This report discusses recommended treatments.]

Page 46

I

---EMORANDUM
TO: BALDWIN PHYSICAL CONDITION SURVEY REPORT REVIEWERS. -
FROM: ERICH KESSE. : -
RE: FORMERLY PROPOSED NEH FILMING PROJECT.

The following is a proposal to film Baldwin Library materials
as part of the cooperative Research Libraries Group "Great Collections
Microfilming Project, Phase II." 6IqS )

The proposal was withdrawn because NEH was not reviewing, at that time,
proposals relating to juvenilia. That is no longer true.

I would like to propose that we revitalize this proposal, modify it with
what we now know about the collection, both from the physical condition
survey and the now'expired U.S. Department of Education Title II grant.

RESEARCH LIBRARIES GROUP
GREAT COLLECTIONS MICROFILMING PROJECT

PROPOSAL: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES.
THE BALDWIN LIBRARY OF JUVENILE LITERATURE.

THE BALDWIN LIBRARY,
Collection Description.

The Baldwin Library, established by its curator, Dr. Ruth Baldwin, contains approximately
85,000 volumes. The library is probably the largest collection in the world of literature in English
primarily created for children. The Baldwin Library's holdings of British and American imprints
before 1900 alone number in excess of 50,000 volumes.

When Index to the Baldwin Library of Books in English Before 1900. Primarily for
Children, University of Florida Libraries at Gainesville (G.K. Hall, publisher), the Library
contained 40,000 volumes published before 1900, including a collection of three thousand pre-
1821 American imprints second only to the holdings of the American Antiquarian Society. Since
1981, the Baldwin Library's holdings has added approximately 10,000 volumes printed in English
in America or the British Empire, including the heretofore unlocated volumes two, three and four
of The Poetic Garland, or Library of Knowledge and Mirth [ca. 1807]. Approximately 10,000
volumes represent the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The Twentieth century collection,
began in 1977, now holds more than thirty-five thousand volumes. The Baldwin Library's
holdings of pre-1900 imprints in English is growing at the rate of more than 1,000 volumes each
year.

Gillian Avery, a British scholar and author of children's books, as well as a fellow of the
American Antiquarian Society, published an article about the Baldwin Library in the Times Literary
Supplement, September 17, 1982, under the title "Building a Library." Perhaps better than anyone
else, Miss Avery has captured the essence of the Baldwin Library, where she has spent several
weeks on separate occasions doing research. Miss Avery noted that "the holdings for the
nineteenth century are remarkably complete. There are no limited editions or manuscripts, nor
what might be termed the incunabula of children's books: the emphasis has always been on books
that children have read and handled. The Library is strong on variants of a single title: there are,
for instance, sixty-seven pre-1900 editions of The Swiss Family Robinson (including a version
done into words of one syllable), on runs of annuals (all bought singly), and 'toy' books."

The most important attribute of the Baldwin Library is the fact that its holdings have been
specifically collected because the books were read and handled by children. Many of the titles,
therefore, will not be found in any other library. Many titles were not collected in other libraries
because they were not considered "important." Now, of course, these extremely scarce books are
considered remarkably important by scholars interested in American and British cultural history
and literature. The books constitute the best available evidence concerning how the English and
American cultures inculcated values in children and expressed their own concept of what childhood
should be.

Other significant collections of children's literature, of course, include the larger collections
of the American Antiquarian Society. Retrospective cataloging and preservation projects of the
Society have placed their emphasis on pre-1877 American imprints. The 8,500 title catalog of the
Ball Collection of Children's Books at the Lilly Library at Indiana University also represents a
significant collection, with strength in British and pre-1860 imprints. The Pierpont Morgan
Library, which also has a significant collection of children's literature, has directed its effort

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toward its collection of pre-1821 books, most of which are British or European imprints. Finally,
the Jordan Collection at the Boston Public Library is far larger but consists mostly of twentieth
century material, much of it in foreign languages.

PROPOSAL FOR MICROFILMING

Target and Size.

Baldwin Library, collections from 1876-1900. Cf., description below. The Library's materials
published in the last quarter of the nineteenth century comprise a collection of just over
10,000 volumes.

Estimated Rate of Production.

1,500 titles (@ 1,500 volumes) per year.
4,500 TOTAL titles/volumes over three years.

200 pages, average, per volume
300,000 pages, estimated, per year.
900,000 pages, estimated, per three years/TOTAL project.

Target Description.

Conspectus:
Type of materials:
Subject area:
LC Classification:

Date Parameters:

Language Parameters:
Places of Imprint:

Physical Condition:

Research Level/Highest Level Collecting: 5E5.
Monographs and monographic series.
Juvenile literature (i.e., literature for children).
PZ3 (Juvenile literature, Authors of [1750-1950]);
PZ7-PZ8.9 (Children's literature, [1750- ])
Note: Target within class codes restricted as per date parameters, 1870-
1948 (cf., below).
Note: Microfilm product will be classified using appropriate PS
classification as per Library of Congress practice. (Original,
hardcopy materials, currently unclassed, are best described, for use,
in terms of PZ class.)
1876-1900.
Parameters restrict materials to those which reflect the Library's
collection strength and are designed to avoid duplication of other
projects, including those of the American Antiquarian Society.
Chronological files, up to 1900, are complete and will serve as an aid to
selection.
English language materials.
United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United
Kingdom.
98% of materials in the target are acidic (pH > 7.0);
80% of materials in the target break before five double folds;
60% of materials in the target break before three double folds;
25% of materials showed some sign of use-related deterioration,
including: abrasion of covers, torn pages, loose text-blocks, etc.
Text, however, remains relatively unobscured (less than 2%).
[Note: Statistics based on physical condition survey on a random
sample of the collection.]

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Target Use.

Interlibrary Loan:

In-house Use:

Other Scholarship:

Selection Process.

Selection:

Searching:

Queuing:

Materials housed in the Baldwin Library do not circulate through
interlibrary loan.
Research in the collections is limited but extensive, with slightly more
than 25 researchers and significant research requests (mail) per year.
Research conducted in the Baldwin Library by scholars of children's
literature and social and political trends have led to the publication of
numerous articles and monographs. Significant publications,
researched in the Baldwin Library, include:
Scott MacLeod, Anne. A moral tale: children's fiction and American
culture. 1820-1860. (Archon, 1975).
Pickering, Samuel F., John Locke and children's books in eighteenth-
century England. (University of Tennessee, 1981).
Summerfield, Geoffry. Fantasy and reason: children's literature in the
eighteenth century. (University of Georgia, 1985).
Zipe, Jack. The trials and tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood.
(Bergin & Garvey, 1983.).

Selection for microfilming will be made by the Librarian, Dr. Baldwin,
in collaboration with the Preservation Officer, Erich Kesse.
Emphasis will be placed on monographic series for which demand is
often greatest. Series of particular importance include: the Little
Golden Books, the Girl's Series Books, and the Boy's Series
Books. Authoritative bibliographies for these and other series exist
and will be used in identification and selection of titles.
Cf., also, Date Parameters, above. Chronological files, up to 1900, are
complete and will serve as an aid to selection.
Bibliographic searching will be conducted to ascertain the existence of
reprints, facsimiles and microforms.
Basic acquisitions sources, including Books in Print, will be searched.
Bibliographic databases, including OCLC and RLIN, will also be
searched to confirm that the item has not been microfilmed.
Searching shall also include review of Wright's American Fiction
[microfilm series] (New Haven, CT: Research Publications) and
publication lists of Chadwick-Healy's Nineteenth Century
microfilming project. (The latter, generally, does not include
juvenile literature as a class.)
Queuing will be done on RLIN as per RLG policy and procedures as
outlined in its RLG Preservation Manual. Where required to create
bibliographic records, minimal level cataloging, with additional
description required to distinguish variant editions, printings, etc.
will be provided. (Cf., Cataloging, below.)

Technology.

All products will be 35mm microfilm. Filming will conform to RLG Preservation Microfilming
guidelines as set forth in the RLG Preservation Manual. Processing will conform to these
guidelines and ANSI/AIIM standards for developing and processing of microfilm.
Specifically, the Libraries will test for residual thiosulfate, density, etc. The Libraries will

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produce three generations of film, including: camera and copy (silver gelatin) masters, as
well as use copy.
Filming, for the most part, will be divided evenly between the Reprographics Unit and
Micrographics, Inc. (Gainesville, FL). All filming must be undertaken with the original in
its bound state. Price per frame: $0.18.
Disposition of Film: Camera masters will be stored in RLG facilities. Copy masters will be stored
locally, under "archival" conditions set forth by ANSI/AIIM standards.

Cataloging.

Cataloging will conform to the requirements of full-level AACR2 and to Bibliographic Description
of Rare Books (BDRB) where deemed necessary or advantageous. All cataloging will
include USMARC 007 fieldss, Library of Congress Subject Headings, subject access
through genre terms (USMARC 655 field), access by publisher (710 field) and place of
publication (752 field). Pertinent bibliographies will be cited in the USMARC 510 field.
All cataloging shall be performed with the original in hand and subsequently derived for microfilm.
[Note: The catalog of the Baldwin Library is currently not automated. Information may be
taken from the card catalog and the Index to the Baldwin Library of Books in English
Before 1900 ... (G.K. Hall).]

Level of Proposed Reimbursement.

Cf., "Worksheet for Estimating Project Costs" (attached). The University of Florida Libraries is
requesting 75% reimbursement.

THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES.
Preservation Office.

The Preservation Office of the University of Florida Libraries has been in existence since
May 1987. The Office is comprised of three Units--Commercial Bindery Preparations (3.5 FTE),
Conservation (2.5 FTE), and Reprographics (3.0 FTE)--and a host of Programs including a Brittle
Books Program (3.0 FTE). Unit operations are managed by Unit Heads. Program activities are
managed directly by the Preservation Officer in addition to administration of the Office.

The Brittle Books Program identifies, searches, routes and queues materials for
conservation, reproduction or planned deterioration. Program staff identified over 6,000 brittle
books in the last nine months and processed more than 2,500 forms, readying materials for
treatment. Procedures require the searching of the NOTIS (i.e., local database), OCLC, and RLIN
databases, as well as a number of print sources including the National Register of Microform
Masters, Books in Print, Serials in Microform and specialized reprint and micropublishing source
catalogs.

The Reprographics Unit, headed by Charles McElroy--trained at the Northeast Document
Conservation Center, currently oversees microfilming activities. (Preservation photocopy
activities, presently managed by the Preservation Officer, will become the responsibility of the Unit
with the new fiscal year, in June 1988). Other staff were trained locally, with training supported
and conducted by Mr. McElroy and the Preservation Officer. The Preservation Officer, Erich
Kesse, was trained in all aspects of micrographics at the University of Kentucky, where he
completed internship in the Micrographics Section at the Libraries. Mr. Kesse has been a member
of the American Library Association's RLMS Standards Committee from 1985 through the
present.

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The Reprographics Unit schedules, prepares, films and reviews all microfilmed materials.
Trained camera operators in the Reprographics Unit run two Kodak MRD-2 planetary (35mm)
cameras. Developing, processing and testing is done by Micrographics, Incorporated (Gainesville,
FL) to ANSI/AIIM standards. The President of Micrographics, Inc., Jim Craig, is an active
member of AIIM and its local/regional organization.

The Unit is currently responsible for the filming of 23 Latin American and Caribbean
newspapers, 29 local and regional/Florida newspapers, as well as archival materials, Latin
American/Caribbean Basin monographs and government documents, and brittle books.

Great Collections Microfilming Project ,,
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The Reprographics Unit schedules, prepares, films and reviews all microfilmed materials.
Trained camera operators in the Reprographics Unit run two Kodak MRD-2 planetary (35mm)
cameras. Developing, processing and testing is done by Micrographics, Incorporated (Gainesville,
FL) to ANSI/AIIM standards. The President of Micrographics, Inc., Jim Craig, is an active
member of AIIM and its local/regional organization.

The Unit is currently responsible for the filming of 23 Latin American and Caribbean
newspapers, 29 local and regional/Florida newspapers, as well as archival materials, Latin
American/Caribbean Basin monographs and government documents, and brittle books.