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Group Title: Urban gardener
Title: Urban gardener. Vol. 6. No. 2.
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STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW
Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075796/00002
 Material Information
Title: Urban gardener. Vol. 6. No. 2.
Series Title: Urban gardener
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Publisher: University of Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service
Publication Date: 1981
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075796
Volume ID: VID00002
Source Institution: University of Florida
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Resource Identifier: oclc - 143698568

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INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND FLORIDA
UIIr AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA EXTENSION SERVICE

THE URBAN GARDENER
BMWM MB] nc;w~cy~s~ u^^~rf~~iI


February 1981 Vol. 6, No, 2


JOJOBA: HOW TO GROW IT

INTRODUCTION There are many unanswered questions regarding jojoba's domestication as
a monoculture crop. Anyone deciding to grow jojoba should do so with a clear understanding
of the risks involved; in fact, all commercial plantings should be considered research
projects. Much agricultural research is needed to determine aspects of jojoba culti-
vation such as spacing male-to-female plant ratios, disease and insect control techniques
and the legality of various control chemicals, water requirements, fertilizer requirements,
tissue culture methods, and sex identification characters. Further, many of these aspects
will vary depending on local temperature, precipitation, and soil type. The following
comments and suggestions for growing jojoba are based on data obtained from farmers and
frum published sources listed in the Additional Reading Material Section.

LAND PREPARATION In nature, jojoba usually is restricted to well-drained, course
mixtures of gravel and clay desert soils. Thus, most well-drained soils should be suitable
for jojoba cultivation. Clay soils should be avoided until more experimental data become
available.
The amount of land preparation necessary depends on the site condition and type of
irrigation system to be employed. Proper flood irrigation requires precise leveling of
rows to a grade sufficient to permit the flow of water down the row yet gently enough to
prevent erosion. Precise leveling is not as necessary with sprinkler or drip irrigation
systems.

WHAT TO PLANT The basic materials available for planting are seed, seedlings, and
propagated material. Each of these materials offers certain advantages which are high-
liahted below. In every case the source of parent material should be known. The chances
of a plantation yielding large quantities of seed are substantially increased if the parent
is located in a similar environment. For example,-coastal varieties of jojoba may survive
in colder inland areas but may not produce significant seed.

DIRECT SEEDING Several of the large plantations were planted by direct seeding with
the seed placed about one inch below the surface. Seeds have been planted by hand and by
tractor-drawn machines. Soil should be moist several feet below the surface and should be
ample watered from the time of planting until late summer. Maintenance of soil moisture is
important to provide fast and deep growth of the tap root, although poorly drained water-
saturated soil will cause the seed to rot or will drown the seedling. The major advantage
of direct seeding is the reduced cost. The major disadvantage is possible lack of a uniform
stand due to low rates of seed germination.



The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an Equal Employment Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer authorized to provide research,
educational information and other service only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin.
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS, STATE OF FLORIDA, IFAS, UNIVRgIfV d
FLORIDA, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, AND BOARDS OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COOPERATING








directions.


Some


loosened earth


hand


Again,


tool.
know


IRRIGATION


inches


during


Some


your


farmers
, and p
remove
upplier


Nati ve


rainfall


periods
0 inches


upplemental


should
summer


have


lant
the
and


jojoba
per yea


drought.
rainfall,


irrigation.


continued


or early fall


drought


until


ed


drilled


these


plants fro
follow ins

populations


6-9"


diameter


refilled


m the


holes.


Others


container while


depth of
have pl


others


about


anted with


plant


, replaced


only


container


tructions.


have been


little


Plantation
but areas


Irrigation


root systems


Plants


with


known


known about


to grow in


areas with


their ability to


urvive and produce
ess rainfall will


required when


are establ i


hed.


hardier and more cold


before cold winter temperatures


begin.


eeds


or s


Water


resistant


produce


than
seed


areas with only


almost certainly


eedlings
should b


require


are planted and


be withdrawn


if stressed by


late


some degree


FERTILIZING


Natural


Greenhouse experiments
Your county extension


populations
indicate tha


jojoba


that jojoba


agent may be able


grow


responds


in areas


of marginal


nitrogen


identify nutrient diffencies


soil


phosphorus t
from soil


fertility.
treatments.
soil samples.


CULTIVATION
competition


cides


Enough
from weeds,


have been


herbicides


used with


or pesticides


cultivation should be provided


whose growth will


some


success.


legally registered


be enhanced by


should


throughout


be noted


for use on


the years


irrigation.
that as


jojoba.


reduce


Pre-emergent herbi-
of now there are no


PRUNING AND SHAPING


University


California,


breakage of


experiments


by the


pruning may reduce


UCR experiments


jojoba


with a


have


use of pruning


Riverside


tens and


Centro de
the usual


(UCR)


the expense


Investigaciones


time plants


is a


topic of


to develop


need


indicate great promise


multiple-stem trunk.


This


Agricolas
to begin


for a


growth


form


contention.


Attempts at


ingle-stem tree were abandoned


extensive pruning necessary.


Horoeste


flower and


having technique


houl d


have


indicated


fruit production.


that


gives


facilitate mechanical


However,
that
At
ree-form


harvesting


MALE:FEMALE RATIOS


occur


on separate


the pollen.


ince


Jojoba


plants)


Therefore,


light breezes


few feet on


1 male
outside
of male


row.


female


plants
plants


i


t i


is a


Only the


wind-pollinated dioecious


femal e


necessary to


carry the -pollen


Researchers
1 male to 5


male and a male


have


several
used


female.
:female


Der acre and their planting


prevailing wind direction,


velocity,


plants produce


plant


seed;


have both male and


feet,
varying


male


plants


(male and


female


the male plants


femal e


ratios of male


One experiment


ratio


of 1


pattern may


on i
have


frequency.


been


inside
to b


flowers


provide-


in the plantation.


should be


present every


to female plants,
conducted with th


rows.


front


The optimum number


be determined


basis


SEEDLIND SEX DETERMINATION


Seedling sex


cannot be determined


until


the plant
e field,


blooms.
blooming,
- A_ J


sex can


per year,









apart there will


there will


yeilds


rows


spacing and

HARVESTING


be about


be 13 hedgerows:
42 plants per row


at maturity


or 1410


mature commercial


It. i


vacuums,


lbs.


there wi
acre.


for your assumed yield


present,


native


1


* long per acre. If
6 female and 6 male)


36 or


lbs.


You may wish to make a


to determine an


stands


plantings which could provide


believed that existing nut-crop


or shakers)


: plants are
. If each


seed


spaced at 5'
female plants


per row and


similar calculation


estimate of


yield


jojoba are hand-harvested.


information


harvesting equipment


could be adapted for harvesting.


on mechan


lbs.


for your


from your acreage.

There are no
ical harvesting.


plastic nets,


sweepers,


ADDITIONAL READING


Brooks,


W.G.


1978.


commercialization


Arid


Gentry, H., S
cul tural


: Jojoba:


Environments


.1958.
aspects.


A North American desert


potential


1:(3):


The nat
Economy


as an


introduction


227-236.
:ura1 history of jojoba (
ilc Botany 12(3):261-295.


shrub; its ecology, poss
into other arid regions.


Simmodsia


ible
Journal


chinensis)


Johnson,


.In press.


Conference. onbn Jojoba
:proceedings.


Cultivated jojoba


Its Uses,


September


United States.


13-16,


1978.


Third


Riverside,


International
California,


Johnson,


1979.


Cultivated jojoba:


After the


frost.


Jojoba


Happenings


27:1-3.


Jojoba Happenings.
Lands Studies,


1972-.


Jojoba


University of


Ar


Happenings, No.
izona, Tucson.


, July 1972-.


Office of


Arid


herbrooke,


Lands Studies,


1978.


-Jojoba


University of


An annotated


Arizona,


Tucson.


bibliographic update.


80p.


Office of


Arid


Sherbrooke,
Desert:
r.-. Paper .N


*. C; and E.
Literature


Haase.


1974.


Jojoba


A wax-producing


review and annotated bibliography


Office of


Arid


Lands


Studies,


Arid


Land


University: of Arizona


hrub of the
s Resource
, Tucson.


Sonoran -
Infonrmation


Vega,


1977


Investi gaciones
. Hermosillo, Cir
-* -


La jojoba.


Agricollas del
cular CIANO No.


Domesticacion


Noroeste,
92. Hermo


de un


cul ti vo


Campo Agricola
sillo, Sonora,


potential


Experimental


Mexico.


.19p.


Centro de
la Costa d
n Spanish.


Vega, M. de-la,
. domesticada


Engl ish


tran


en el


nation.


Durazo B. and L.
noreste de Mexico


Quilantan
Jojoba


V. 1979.
Happenings


Investigation de jojoba
6:7-14. In Spanish,


Wochok, Z.
Jojoba


Happenings


Sluis.


1979.


Micropropagation


jojoba


improvement programs.


Wright,
-f J ag


Foster. 1978
9iI..Js.


I aaaa1a


Jojoba:
* .Jaa -


Current agronomic potential.


a


- a


- -


Office of


- -. I. -


. C.


i









HISTORIC NOTE


The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)

site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.






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