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Group Title: Cool season legume production in South Central Florida.
Title: Cool season legume production in South Central Florida 1981-82
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075794/00005
 Material Information
Title: Cool season legume production in South Central Florida 1981-82
Series Title: Cool season legume production in South Central Florida.
Translated Title: Research Report - Ona ARC ; RC-1982-7 ( English )
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Mislevy, P.
Kalmbacher, R. S.
Everett P. H.
Publisher: Agricultural Research Center, University of Florida
Publication Date: 1982
 Subjects
Subject: Cool Season
Legume Production
South Central Florida
Spatial Coverage: North America -- United States -- Florida -- Ona
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075794
Volume ID: VID00005
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 143660028

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        Page 12
    Historic note
        Historic note
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Agricultural Research Center
Research Report RC-1982-7 November, 1982


COOL SEASON LEGUME PRODUCTION IN SOUTH CENTRAL FLORIDA, 1981-82


P. Mislevy, R.S. Kalmbacher and P.H. Everett1


The legumes, red and white clover, and alfalfa, can provide a source of
high-quality forage when permanent pastures are semi-dormant and producing
very little. Production can begin in late January and continue through May
and June, depending on plant species. These legumes may be rotationally
grazed, harvested as green chop, or made into hay. Red clover and alfalfa
are upright, bunch-type plants that can attain a height of 12 to 24 inches.
These species are well adapted for hay which can be made during the dry months
of March, April or May. White clover is strongly stoloniferous, generally-
attaining a height of 6 to 12 inches. Its prostrate habit of growth makes
this plant most adapted to grazing.
Regardless of intended use, the production of high yielding, quality,
legume forage depends on the selection of proper varieties seeded on well drained
soils followed by good fertilization and water control practices. Recent
research appears to indicate that cool season legume prodi ut is seariouly
hampered by nematodes and diseases when these species are g rdW e U AR
consecutive years on the same land. JUL 18 1985
The purpose of this study was to evaluate cool season legumes for forage
production and persistence in south-central Florida. Whe 4.RFi~ -r 'I oefFIorida
used, no endorsement is intended.


Experimental Procedure
Three legume studies were initiated during the 1981-82 growing season. At
the Agricultural Research Center Ona, however, diseases destroyed the alfalfa
and red clover experiments. Two experiments were also grown at the Immokalee
ARC.
The white clover experiment conducted at the Ona ARC was seeded November
16, 1981. The cool season legume experiments conducted at the Immokalee ARC


1Professor and Associate professor Agricultural Research Center, Ona; and
Professor, Agricultural Research Center, Immokalee.




*1


2.

were seeded on December 11. The nine alfalfa varieties seeded in 1980
(Research Report RC-1981-9) were harvested through the fall of 1981 and spring
1982. The field-plot layout of all experiments was a randomized, complete
block with four replications.


Seeding rate of the white clover experiment at Ona was 4 Ib/A. In
Immokalee the studies were seeded as follows: alfalfa 10 lb/A, red clover
6 Ib/A, and white clover 4 lb/A. All legume seed at both locations was
inoculated with proper strain of Rhizobium bacteria. In Immokalee the Pelinoc
(R)system was used in combination with proper Rhizobium.


All, experiments at Immokalee except the white clover experiments at both
locations were drilled with a Planet Junior (R) seeder in rows 7 inches apart,
to a depth of 0.5 inches and double cultipacked. The white clover was broad-
cast seeded and cultipacked twice.


The Ona experiment was irrigated immediately after seeding with an over-
head system. A total of 11.5 inches of water was applied at Ona. At Immokalee
the cool season legume experiment was irrigated by a seepage system with
laterals on 40 foot centers. Water was supplied as needed.


Calcium and magnesium content in all Ona and Immokalee experiments was
adequate. Fertilization practices at Ona were 500 lb/A of 0-10-20 (N-P205-K20))
at seeding. In Immokalee 500 Ib/A of 0-10-20 plus 10 lb/A micronutrients./ was
applied prior to seeding. After every harvest in Immokalee, an average of
300 Ib/A of 0-10-20 was applied.


The white clover experiment at Ona was harvested when the forage attained
a height of 9 to 12 inches. Legume plant height at Immokalee also ranged
from 6 to 26 inches (depending on entry), All legumes harvested at both
locations were cut to a 3 inch stubble.




2/ FTE 503 micronutrients contain the following elemental content: iron 18.0%;
zinc, 7.0%; manganese, 7.5%; boron, 3.0%; copper, 3.0% and molybdenum, 0.2%.











3.
Results and Discussion


ARC, Ona
The white clover varieties grown at Ona during the 1981-82 growing season
were harvested only three times and averaged 0.3 T/A dry matter (DM) per harvest.
Highest dry matter yields were obtained during the first harvest averaging 0.38
T/A DM (Table.1). Forage at this stage of growth (9" tall) is very succulent
and averaged 87 to 88% water. Following the initial harvest plants were cut
on an average of 35 days. Forage DM yields for the second harvest, removed on
May 5 decreased to 0.21 T/A, however, percentage dry matter was double that of
the initial harvest averaging 27%. Harvest three, removed on June 9, resulted
in increased dry matter yields, possibly due to the wet edaphic conditions,
since more than seven inches of rainfall was received during a 17 day period
prior to harvest.


Arcadia white clover and the two Florida experimental (Fla. XPI and Fla. X
P2) entries produced the highest seasonal DM averaging 1.2 and 1.1 T/A, respec-
tively.


All alfalfa and red clover experiments for 1981-82 were destroyed by
disease and nematodes. Recent research has indicated that alfalfa and red clover
grown on the same land area for more than two consecutive years was nearly
completely destroyed by the fungi Pythium and other cool season diseases.
However, white clover appeared to be less sensitive to diseases and more
affected by nematodes.


Immokalee ARC
There were no significant differences in the dry matter (DM) yields of the
ten alfalfa varieties seeded in December 1981 (Table 2) yield ranged from 1.5
to 1.8 T/A and averaged 1.7 T/A. Forage was harvested three times with an
average of 0.6 T/A at each harvest. Summer rains were the reason for termination
of the experiment in June.


No significant differences were detected among the six red clover varieties
tested (Table 3). Yields after two harvests averaged 0.6 T/A. Excessive June
rains were the reason for stand less and termination of the trial.







4.
Both alfalfa and red clover failed to produce adequate stands in 1981.
Moisture, fertility, weed control, and inoculation practices were carefully
controlled and considered to be excellent. As mentioned previously, nematodes
and disease are the limiting factors. Both legumes failed to produce dense
stands and averaged only 48% ground cover at harvest one (Table 4). Plants
were short, and although they did not display signs of nutritional deficiency,
they did not tiller adequately and fill-in.


The DM yields of alfalfa varieties seeded in 1980 and harvested through-
out the fall and spring of 1981 and 1982, respectively, are listed in table 5.
The 1980 seeding was very successful and high yields were obtained (RC 1981-9),
but this was a seeding on a site not previously seeded to legumes. It was an
extremely dry summer (1981), and it was unusual that the alfalfa varieties were
still alive in the fall of 1981. These alfalfa varieties were harvested six
times and significant differences in DM yield were found (Table 5). Florida
77 was the greatest yielding entry (4.7 T/A), and La Seed Co. 7730 variety was
the lowest (2.1 T/A). Average spring 1982 yield per harvest of these well
established alfalfa varieties were similar to those of the 1981 seeded entries
(Table 3).


The agronomic characteristics of the second year's alfalfa crop are listed
in table 6. Ground cover was good through the second year, but normal heavy June
rains led to stand loss in June. Disease was not a problem at any time during
the second year.


The total yield of the 12 harvests of 1980 seeded alfalfa varieties
are listed in table 7. Significant differences were found with Florida 77
being the highest in yield (11.6 T/A) and Dekalb 130 the lowest (7.2 T/A).
These yields demonstrate the potential of a cool season legume that did persist
through the summer in south Florida. However, it must be remembered that
these data are highly unusual and represent an extreme, not the norm.


These data illustrate the limitations of cool season legumes in the
Immokalee area. Adequate yields can be obtained on new land not previously
planted to legumes, provided high cost inputs of fertility and management are
provided. Cool season legumes cannot be recommended when forage yields are
compared with cost of inputs.









5.
Conclusion
ARC, Ona
During the 1981-82 growing season the alfalfa and red clover experiments
were destroyed by nematodes and diseases. It appears that seeding these two
species on the same land area for more than two consecutive years, results in
a disease and nematode buildup. However, white clover did persist, producing
lower yields averaging 1.2 T/A DM.


ARC, Immokalee
There were no significant differences among the yields of red clover or
alfalfa varieties seeded in the fall 1981 and tested for yield in 1982. All
were uniformly low in dry matter yield. The alfalfa varieties seeded in 1980
which lived through the dry summer of 1981 were harvested an additional six
times in the fall of 1981 and spring of 1982, and significant differences
did exist in dry matter yield. Florida 77 and Hairy Peruvian were better
yielding entries.
















Table 1 Dry matter yields of white clover varieties grown at
the ARC, Ona during 1981-82.

Harvest
Brand variety 3-31-82 5-5-82 6-9-82 Total
T/A---
NKt Arcadia .43 .21 .55 1.2 a*
Fla Exp Stn XP1 .42 .24 .41 1.1 a
Fla Exp Stn XP2 + .36 .25 .41 1.0 a
Common La S-1 .36 .11 .03 0.5 a
Common Sacramento .33 .22 0 0.5-a
average .38 .21 .28

* Means within a column followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level of probability
according to Duncans Multiple Range Test.

t NK= Northrup King.

t Experimental entries, seed not commercially available.

Soil Type: Ona fine sand


Herbicide:


Eptam applied preplant, incorporated at 4 pints/A
(commercial product).


Date seeded: 11-16-81

Fertilization rate: 500 lb/A 0-10-20 N-P205-K20

Irrigation: Applied 11.5 inches of water through overhead
sprinklers.
















Table 2 Dry matter yield of alfalfa varieties grown at the
Immokalee ARC, 1981-82.
Harvest
1 2 3
Brand Variety 3-17-82 5-6-82 6-16-82 Total
---T/A---
NAPB Apollo 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.5 a
NAPB Vangard 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.6 a
WL WL 512 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.7 a
WL WL 515 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.7 a
WL WL 600 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.7 a
Pioneer Fla 77 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.8 a
NK 79178* 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.8 a
FFR Hi-Phy 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.6 a
Common Hairy Peruvian 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.6 a
NAPB Granada 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.8 a
average 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.7

* Means within a column followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level of probability
according to Duncans Multiple Range Test.

t NAPB Is North American Plant Breeders; NK is Northrup King;
Fla is Florida Experiment Station; WL is Waterman and Loomis
and FFR Cooperative, Lafayette, In.

# Experimental varieties, seed not commercially available.

Date seeded: December 11, 1981 (seeded at 10 Ib/A)


Fertilization:


500 lb/A of 0-10-20 and 10 lb FTE at seeding.
After harvest 1 and 2, an average of 300 lb/A
of 0-10-20 was applied.


Herbicide: 3 lb/A (active) Eptam


Irrigation: seepage with laterals on 40 foot centers.

















Table 3 Dry matter yield of red clover varieties grown at the
ARC, Immokalee, 1981-82.


Harvest
1 2 3


Brand Variety 3-17-82 5-6-82 6-16-82 Total
------/A----
NAPBt Redland 0.3 0.4 --- 0.7 a
NAPB Reldand II 0.5 0.3 -- 0.8 a
NK Florie 0.2 0.2 -- 0.4 a
NK Mega 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 a
Nolin Co. Nolins 0.1 0.4 --- 0.5 a
FFR Redman 0.2 0.4 --- 0.6 a
average 0.3 0.3 0.6

* Means within a column followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at the .05 level of probability
according to Duncans Multiple Range Test.

t NAPB is North American Plant Breeders; NK is Northrup King.

Soil type: Immokalee fine sand.

Seeding date: December 11, 1981

Seeding rate: 6 Ib/A


Fertilization rate: 500 Ib/A 0-10-20 plus
nutrients at seeding.
2 an average 300 Ib/A

Herbicide: Eptam at 3 lb/A (active)


10 lb/A FTE 503 micro
After harvest 1 and
of 0-10-20 was applied.


Irrigation: seepage with laterals on 40 foot centers.


---
























Table 4 Agronomic characteristics of alfalfa and red
clover grown at the ARC, Immokalee, 1981-82.

Harvest
1 2 3
Ground
Brand Variety Height cover Height Height

Alfalfa in % in in
NAPB Apollo 11 52 14 13
NAPB Vangard 11 44 14 11
WL WL 512 12 55 15 14
WL WL 515 13 73 16 14
WL WL 600 14 56 16 13
Pioneer Fla 77 13 58 15 13
NK 79178 13 56 15 14
FFR Hi-Phy 12 71 15 14
Common Hairy Peruvian 12 58 16 14
NAPB Granada 12 56 15 14

Red Clover
NAPB Redland 5 31 7 --
NAPB Redland II 8 58 7 -
NK Florie 4 25 4 --
NK Mega 6 35 4 4
Nolin Co. Nolins 3 13 10 --
FFR Redman 7 38 8 --
















Table 5 Dry matter yields of alfalfa varieties seeded in 1980 and survived the summer of 1981, ARC,: Immokalee.

Harvest
7 8 9 10 11 12
Brand Variety 10-1-81 11-12-81 1-6-82 2-10-82 4-14-82 5-20-82 Total


-T/


Pioneer
WL
NK
Common
WL
USDA/SEA/AR
NK
Dekalb
La Seed Co.


Fla 77
WL 512
79178
Hairy Peruvian
WL 600
Moapa
78010
130
7730


1.0
.9
.9
.8
.6
.8
.5
.3
.4


___. ~ ..*


4.7 a
4.2 ab
4.1 a-c
4.0 a-c
3.8 a-c
3.7 a-c
2.7 b-d
2.3 d
2.1 d


* Means within a column followed by the same letters are
probability according to Duncans Multiple Range Test.

t NK is Northrup King, and WL is Waterman and Loomis.

Harvest 1 to 6 are reported in RC-1981-9


not significantly different at the 0.05 level of


A


















Table 6 Agronomic characteristics of alfalfa seeded in 1980 and harvested from October thru May 1981-82,
ARC, Immokalee.

Harvest
7 8 9 10 11 12
10-1-81 11-12181 1-6182 2-10-82 4-14-82 5-20-82
od. "d '-J 4W 0 -W d WO -W 4
to 0to aG t ) : O 3 t 0 t%
SH 0> -r 0o> r 0> *H 0> -r 0> *H 0>
) NO O 0w O 0 w O O1- 0 o O40
Brand variety 00 m ooou w ou0 oCo 1 0ou


NK 78010
NK 79178
Hairy Peruvian
Pioneer Fla 77
WL WL 600
WL WL 512
USDA/SEA/AR Moapa
La Seed Co. 7730
Dekalb 130


%
60
91
90
90
81
86
86
48
56


in
8
14
14
14
15
15
13
5
5


co

ci
0


in
11
14
15
16
16
16
14
10
10


%
70
83
83
93
84
89
86
64
54


- --- --


~~~ ~~ ~~~~-~- ~~~--~~


















Table 7 Total dry matter yield of alfalfa varieties from the fall of 1980
thru May 1982, Immokalee.

Brand Variety Total yield
T/A

Pioneer Fla 77 11.6 a
WL WL 512 10.9 ab
Common Hairy Peruvian 10.6 ab
WL WL 600 10.4 ab
NKt 79178 10.0 ab
USDA/SEA/AR Moapa 10.0 ab
NK 78010 8.9 bc
La Seed Co. 7730 7.4 c
Dekalb 130 7.2 c


* Means within a column followed by the same letters are not significantly
different at the 0.05 level of probability according to Duncans Multiple
Range Test.


+ NK is Northrup King and WL is Waterman and Loomis.


Total of 12 harvests.









HISTORIC NOTE


The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)

site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.






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