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Group Title: Ona Climatological report
Title: Ona Climatological report. 1988.
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075791/00002
 Material Information
Title: Ona Climatological report. 1988.
Series Title: Ona Climatological report
Alternate Title: Research Report - University of Florida Ona Research and Edcuation Center ; 1989-1
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Kalmbacher, R. S.
McCloud, D. E.
Publisher: University of Florida, Ona Research and Edcuation Center
Publication Date: 1989
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075791
Volume ID: VID00002
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 143385555

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    Historic note
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Full Text




Ona Agricultural Research and Education Center


Research Report RC-1989-1


ii; p "February 1989


Ona Climatological Report 1988,

R. S. Kalmbacher* and D. E. McCloud**


INTRODUCTION

Weather conditions strongly influence agricultural
operations from planting through harvesting.
Knowledge of annual rainfall and temperature cycles
along with extremes help producers determine
optimum times to prepare and plant seedbeds, to
fertilize pastures, to use herbicides, control water, and
to supplement cattle on pasture or range. Weather
conditions influence germination, growth, quality,
palatability, and digesti-bility of harvested plants. A
knowledge of weather cycles and extremes is helpful
to a successful operation.

This research report presents a summary of rain-
fall, evaporation, and air temperature, for 1988
obtained at the Agricultural Research and Education
Center (AREC) Ona, Florida. The station is located
820 55' W longitude and 270 26' N latitude in south
central Florida approximately 45 miles (72 km) east of
the Gulf of Mexico and 100 miles (160 km) west of
the Atlantic Ocean.

Weather observations were recorded at 0900 hrs.
daily covering the previous 24-hour period. Weather
instruments: a thermometer, and hygrothermograph
were housed in a standard U. S. Weather Bureau
shelter located at five feet (125 cm) above ground
level.

Graphs of 1988 weekly precipitation, evaporation,
and maximum and minimum temperatures, are
presented in Figures 1 and 2.

Precipitation:

There were four periods of rather dry weather
with periods of ten or more days without rain: Jan 27-
Feb 7: May 3-May 13: Oct 5-Nov 4: and Dec 1- Dec
11, Table 1. Driest months were January, April,
November, and December. These months all had less
than 2 inches (5.1 cm) of precipitation, Tables 1 and
2. Although these months were below the 45 year
average rainfall, they were only slightly lower.
These are typically dry months with 45 year averages
(1943-1988) usually less than 3 inches (7.6 cm) total
rainfall.
June 8.62 inches (21.9 cm), July 11.3 inches
(28.8 cm), August 12.76 inches (32.4 cm), and
September 8.53 inches (21.7 cm) were the wettest
months with above average rainfall in each month,


Tables 1 and 2. These totals resulted from frequent
afternoon showers and there were no record rainfall
amounts recorded at Ona in these months from major
storms.
Total rainfall for 1988 was 60.44 inches (153.5
cm), Table 1. This total was 6.71 inches (17.0 cm)
above the 45 year average of 53.7 inches (136.5 cm).

Evaporation:

There were seven months where the amount of
evaporation exceeded precipitation, Table 1. April
had the greatest deficit -5.39 inches, (-13.7 cm).
During the winter months until June, precipitation is
often limiting. Agronomically important crops such
as grass and legume pastures are often moisture
stressed during the spring, consequently plantings
are often delayed until June to avoid moisture stress
of seedlings during the months of March -May.
Weekly evaporation totals are illustrated by Fig. 1.

Temperature:

June through September were the warmest months.
The maximum temperature reached 900 F (32.20 C) or
more on 100 days, with 15, 22, 30 and 23 days
during the months June through September, respec-
tively, Table 2. The years warmest temperature
reached 970 F (36.10 C) on July 10 There were two
periods where the temperature reached 900 F or more
for ten or more consecutive days: August 4 to 31 (28
days), and September 14 to 28 (19 days).

There were 19 days when the minimum
temperature fell below 400 F (4.40 C): January 12,
23, 26 27, 28, 29; February 7, 13, 14, 15, 17, 26,
27; March 16, 17, 21, December 14, 18, and 19,
Table 2. The temperature fell below 320 F (0 Q
twice 310 F, (0.50 C), on January 28, and December
19, Table 3. The coldest month was January with
average minimum and maximum temperatures of
48.90 F (9.4 C) and 69.70 F (21.0 OC), respectively.
Minimum and maximum weekly temperatures are
shown in Fig. 2.


* Professor, IFAS, Ona Agricultural Research and
Education Center, Ona, Florida
** Professor, IFAS, Agronomy Department,
Gainesville, Florida


:I



















Table 1. Temperature (F)', Precipitation (Inches), Evaporation (inches), and Solar Radiation (MJ per square meter) tar 1988 One AREC


January


Rain Evap M JI
inches inches m 2

.16 17.7
09 11.2


Day

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9

10
11
12

13
14
15

16
17
18

19
20
21

22
23
24

25
26
27

28
29
30

31
Average
Maximum
lAnimum
Total


Max Mtn
F F
76 53
80 52
77 62

74 63
69 43
64 44

72 50
80 63
77 56

60 49
58 48
58 37

72 47
75 46
65 47

64 42
72 52
70 54

80 57
81 63
83 61

80 47
64 38
58 44

60 47
67 36
59 34

58 31
62 39
72 55

74 56


.19 20.3
20.8
.22 21.4

06 10.2


February


Max
F
79
81
82

82
84
76

58
69
60

70
70
74

66
66
72

77
69
74

80
84
84

67
71
78

77
65
65


Rain Evap
inches inches
.34
.07
.16


0.15 .07
1.15 .11
0.02 .04


0.93 .24
.06
.34

10
.13
0.50 .37

0.10 .09
0.01 08
0.78 .16


69 47
77 40


MJI
m2
17.4
16.9
20.0

17.8
18.3
8.0

4.2
16.8
5.0

18.2
15.2
15.0

18.0
25.1
22.5

10.9
26.1
25.8

20.1
198
4.9

4.5
0.0
0.0

68.3
22.1
27.5


.12 22.2
.08 23.8


March


Max
F
75
77
79

82
82
68

71
77
82

82
70
73

80
80
71

59
63
72

77
65
65

74
77
81

83
83
85

83
84
84


Rain Evap MJ
inches inches m2
0 20 23.4
0-09 194
0 22 23.9

017 19,7
0.14 0.11 12.4
1.30 0 15 2.3

0.02 0 04 7.6
0.10 21-4
0.31 19.5

0.86 0-19 17.9
0 08 22.4
0.13 26.7

0.18 25.1
0.64 0.34 12.1
0.31 26.9

0.21 27.0
0.15 26.6
0.12 26.7

2.00 0.25 9.8
0.27 17.6
0.02 0.09 29.4


0 13 .10
.03
.09

.09
0.60 .12
.09

0.22 .02
0.38 .04
0.01 .02

.06
.15


.08
.10
.03

.23
.08
.23

0.15 .12
,05
.16


5.4
4.0
15,7

14 8
9.1
8.7

2.4
2.8
8.5

18.0
17.2
11.2

9.7
14.3
4.4

18.8
17.2
14.5

5.9
18.3
15.8

4.6
6.4
18.7


83 62 0.21 36.1
76.4 52.5
85 63 2.00 0.34 36.1
59 35 0.01 0.04 2.3
5.44 5.89 676


April
Min Rent Evap MJI
F inches inches m 2
57 0 25 20.3
57 0.06 15.7
59 0.09 6,5


80 54
82 54
81 51


0 11 25.1
0.36 26.7
24.3


0 10 0 22 12.7
0 22 28.0
0-20 29.1


009 29.4
0.27 25.0
0 34 29.4

0.17 28.9
0.23 15.2
0.11 29.9

0,29 31.2
0.09 29.4
0.25 25.3


001 0.29 24.1
0.19 21.0
0,01 0.36 23.3

0,01 0.20 25.6
0.33 29.6
0.22 29.7


82.8 55.4
88 71 0-22 0,36 31.2
70 44 0.01 0.05 6.5
0.46 5,85 585


Max
F
73
79
83

82
84
82

79
83
83


Min Rain Evap MJI
F inches inches m 2
63 1.46 0.08
59 1.29 flood 14.3
56 0.13 29.2


84 56

85 57


86 62
89 64
85 62

88 59
89 61
90 59


0.22 28.2
0.26 30.4
0.42 30.1

0.37 30.4
0.17 30.9
0.24 27.4

0.36 28.3




0.28 23.8
0.07 13.8
0.11 25,0

0.30 30.7
0.25 30.0
0.24 18.8

0 20 27.8
0.28 30.7
0.22 29.3

0.18 27.3
0.35 28.6
0.30 27.4


0.30 0.29
0.01 0.12
0.32


90 68


20.2
20.8




25.9
29.4


0.35 28.0


85.7 59.7
93 68 1.46 0.42 30.9
73 51 0.01 0.07 13.8
3.43 6.88 687


June


Max MIn
F F
87 67
89 63
92 58


Rain Evap MJI
inches inches m 2
0 07 0 17 20.9
0 22 25.4
0,41 32.0

0-14 27.5
0 26 26.9
0,67 048 19.68

1.56 14.6
001 0.07 21.2
1 42 023 26.0


1.18


17.6
0.07 23.9
0 11 18.7


0-28 19.9
0.02 0 39 20-0
0.12 0.18 17.4

0.31 18.0
0.08
0.15 0.44

0 18
0 23
0.01 0 07

0 87 0 29
0.22 0.34
0,17 0.05

0.05 0.17 21.7
0.18 26.6
2-05 0.74 27.8

0.04 14.4
0.01 0.18 20.5
0.22 25.2


89.7 67.4
95 73 2.05 0.74 32.0
85 58 0.01 0.05 14.4
8.62 6.49 486


* (F 32) x 0.556. 'C
" Inches x 2.54 cm


028 26.5
0.13 26.4
0.24 24.3


0.34 23.0
0.10 22.2
0.45 0.23 18.3

0.01 0.11 23.6
0 31 27.4
0 22 31.1


69.7 48.9
83 63 0.60 0.23 21.4
58 31 0.01 0.02 2.4
1.74 1.50 369


73.3 46.8
84 63 1.15 0.37 68.3
58 36 0.01 0.01 0.0
3.64 4.06 514






















Table 1. (continued) Temperature (fF)', Precipitation (Inches), Evaporation (inches), and Solar Radiation (MJ per square mater) for 1988 Ona AREC
SDecember r


Max Min
F F
92 71
90 71
90 66

91 68
91 68
90 72

80 72
88 69
90 70

97 70
90 60
93 70

94 72
92 70
93 70

86 68
95 70
76


July


August


Day

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9

10
11
12

13
14
15

16
17
18

19
20
21

22
23
24

25
26
27

28
29
30

31
Average
Maximum
Minimum
Total


Rain Evap M JI
inches inches m2
0.35 27.5
0.32 24.4
0.10 0.12 18.2

0.16 26.5
0.24 28.8
0.20 0.35 24.9

0.17 0.11 9.6
0.17 22.4
0.05 0.13 21.4

0.02 26.6
0.24 0.41 15.4
0.34 29.7

0.01 0.00 22.4
0.39 22.7
2.77 8.0

0.12 15.0
0.13 31.4
0 29 0 65 27.0

0.33 20.6
0.47 0.31 17.9
1.15 21.4

0.08 0.21 21.2
0.11 31.0
1.65 0.41 19.3

0.76 0.25 21.2
2.00 21.6
0.01 0.10 23.6

1.05 0.41 21.7
0.22 28.8
0.08 30.6

0.45 26.3


90.4 73.0
94 77
79 65


Rain Evap MJI
inches inches m2
0.23 0.10 19.4
0.40 0.24 20.6
0.00 25.6


0.86

3.80
1.37


0.37 28.1
0.08 27.3
0.26 7.3


Max
F
95
92
87

91
91
94

94
95
92

96
95
94

90
90
92

90
90
90

92
92
90

92
95
95

93
91
93

90
90
94


Rain Evap M JI
inches inches m2
0.58 0.41 28.0
1.73 15.8
0.04 0.16 20.9

025 25.7
0.30 25.1
0.01 23.4

0.05 0:18 22.9
0.25 0.41 28.3
0.30 27.1

1.51 0.32 23.4
0.21 24.8
1.35 0.28 23.1

0.04 0.40 26.0
0.40 25.3
0.47 0.49 19.8

0.60 0.11 14.0
2.00 18.6
0.13 0.17 20.2

0.09 0.21 26.3
0.05 23.9
0.05 20.0

0.05 0.37 21.4
0.16 28.1
0.01 0.07 18.3

0.01 0.20 22.6
0.04 0.32 21.1
0.06 0.13 24.3

1.43 0.34 14.7
1.30 18.0
0.49 0.78 18.9


Max
F
89
92
92

92
92
85

79
79
84

93
92
91

92
92
92

92
93
91

91
92
92

93
93
94

93
92
91

90
89
89


3.80 0.37
0.01 0.01
52 527 7


853 52


Max
F
91
90
89

90
86
87

85
85
81

83
85
84

81
80
77

80
85
86


87 66
87 63
87 64


Rain Evap M JI
inches inches m2
1.17 0.27 22.9
0.22 19.5
0.59 0.22 18.0

0.13 0.14 17.8
0.22 22.5
0.15 21.0

0.12 20.8
0.20 23.6
0r21 21.5

0.13 21.0
0.32 23.4
0.14 23.4

0.02 22.3
023 22.8
0.15 14.7


0.21
0.29
0.09

0.16
0.21
0.14


0.19 19.6
0 18 13.6
0-23 23.5


6 64 0.31 21.0
87 61 0.12 18.8
85 61 0.14 21.0

84 61 0.01 0.09 17.2


82.1 62.4
91 72
6 48


1.17 0.32 23.6
0.01 0.02 13.6
1.91 5.49 632


stprember


Min Rain Evap M J
F inches inches m2
67 0.12 13.7
48 0.20 7.9
48 21 8


0.48 0.43 11.0
0.05 102
0.03 0.16 18.1


021 180
0.15 20 1
0.23 20 6


Max
F
85
76
77

81
82
87

81
78
78

81
83
83

83
84
83

82
87
87

86
86
86

81
78
71

70
79
82

86
72
73


80.9 60.2
87 72 0.84 0.43 21.8
70 47 0.01 0.03 3.7
1.68 3.96 441


Min
F
62
39
48

46
43
54

54
54
59


82 58
75 60
81 59


Rain Evap M J
inches inches m 2
0 04 0.18 10.0
0.02 15.4
0.10 17.5

0.20 13.5
0.03 18.7
0.00 19.2

0.22 17.8
0.18 17.9
0.12 16.7

0.20 18.5
0.11 14.3
0.75 0.12 18.1

0.03 0.03 6.8
0.08 1.6
0.09 7.5


0.07
0.05 0.24
0.18


0.01 0.27 16.0
0.08 16.3
0.12 12.5

0.10 12.8
0.12 13.3
0.05 17.1

0.14 13.6
0.15 16.4
0.02 0.07 14.5


82 56 0.08 13.8
75.5 51.4
84 63 0.75 0.27 19.2
53 28 0.01 0.00 1.6
0.00 3.48 393


S("F 32) x 0.556 *C
" Inches x 2.54 cm


0.04 0.07

1.40
0.18
0.29

0.36
0.01 0.08
0.04 0.14

0.01 0.28
0.10
0.10 0.19


25.4
22.7


96 72
91 73
90 70

84 70
91 70
89 73

91 72
91 73
92 75

92 73


0.24 24.0
0.33 23.0
0.27 22.8

0.09 22.0
0.34 20.5
0.13 24.8


90.7 70.8
97 76 2.77 0.35 31.4
80 66 0.01 0.11 8.0
11.33 1.97 708


92 73 0.13 0.26 26.0
92.1 73.3
06 75 2.00 0.78 28.1
87 70 0.01 0.01 14.0
12.76 6.93 694


%vctoopr -


ovem r V


0.07 19.2
0.11 18.5
0.04 18.7

0.23 18.2
0.01 0.14 17.9
0.01 0.13 184

0.14 15.9
001 0.14 16.8
0.13 16.1

0.26 15.9
0.10 14.8
0.18 13.1

0.03 7.6
0.84 3.7
0.07 4.5

0.09 10.4
0.10 17.7
0.17 13.8

0.29 0.08 10.2
0.01 0.10 11.7
0.15 16.4


r. r










Table 2. Summary of Precipitation (Inches)* by Months Ona AREC

1943-88 1988

Max. in Min. in Difference from
one month one month Average Total 45 year average

inches inches inches inches inches

January 8.45 0.03 2.06 1.74 -0.32
February 8.38 0.13 2.61 3.64 +1.03
March 8.60 0.13 3.11 5.44 +2.33
April 11.91 0.00 2.26 0.46 -1.80
May 10.58 0.00 3.97 3.43 -0.54
June 18.99 3.24 8.35 8.62 +0.27
July 19.74 2.92 8.84 11.33 +2.49
August 13.70 3.13 8.35 12.76 +4.41
September 16.73 1.14 7.22 8.53 +1.32
October 11.23 0.04 3.22 1.91 -1.31
November 5.44 0.07 1.90 1.68 -0.22
December 6.05 0.16 1.84 0.90 -0.94

Yearly total 19.74 0.00 53.73 60.44 +6.71

* Inches x 2.54 = cm


Ona Weekly Precipitation and
1988


Evaporation


8




...................................................................... ............ ...... ... ...................................................

4 ......... ............ ................. ............ ...... ...... .................... ............................
4 .................... ...... ... ......................................




0
J*n Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec


O Evip
Tot.l 63.94


N Prcp
Totil 60.44


Fig 1. Ona weekly evaporation and precipitation 1988


Weather Summary 1943-1988

The greatest yearly precipitation occurred in 1959 when a total of 78.82 inches (200.2 cm) was recorded. The
highest monthly precipitation was 19.74 inches (50.1 cm) in July of 1960 Table 1. In 1979 the temperature
reached 103 degrees F (39.40 C), while the lowest temperature recorded was 18 degrees F (-7.8 C) on January 13,
1981.


Inches









For 1988 at the Ona Agricultural Research and Education Center daily temperature extremes, precipitation, and
evaporation are given in Table 3.

Table 3. Summary of Temperature (F)* by Months Ona AREC


Shelter Temperature


1944-88
Av.
Low
January 49.8
February 51.1
March 56.0
April 59.5
May 64.5
June 70.2
July 72.5
August 73.2
September 72.5
October 66.0
November 57.4
December 51.7


Year


1988
Av.
Low
48.9
46.8
52.5
55.4
59.7
67.4
70.8
73.3
73.0
62.4
60.2
51.4


62.0 60.2


1944-88
Extreme
Low Year
18 1960,80
24 1956
26 1948
33 1957,83
43 1954,56
52 1984
62 several
62 1968,81
56 1945
42 1946,81
25 1957
20 1953

18 1960,80


1988
Extreme
Low
31
36
35
44
51
58
66
70
65
48
47
28


Ground Temperature

1988
Av. Extreme
Low Low
52 29
49 36
53 34
56 44
61 50
67 60
71 60
74 70
73 64
62 50
60 45
51 28


* OC = (OF 32) x 0.556


Ona Weekly Temperatures
1988















J*n Feb Mhr Apr Mriy Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct. Nov Dec


Fig 2. Ona weekly maximum and minimum temperatures 1988


Mbx



Min







6

Solar Radiation:

The 1988 weekly solar radiation is shown in graphically, Fig. 3. For interpretation of dry matter production of plants, with
complete ground cover, optimum water and fertility (potential growth); 200 MJm-2 is equivalent to 224 lbs per acre (140 kg
per hectare) per week. Thus, the third week in May with 205 MJm-2 would have produced a potential growth rate of 230 lbs
per acre (205 kg per hectare) for the week.


Ona Weekly Solar Radiation


MJlweek


100


50


0


1988


Year 6,734


IJ FeI Mi r Apr IIy J n Ju l A ug SpI Oc Nov De I II I
JAn Fell Mar Apr M&V JuA Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec


Freeze Hazard:

The longest term climatological station representative of the Ona area is Wauchula. For Wauchula the Fall and
Spring Freeze Hazards are presented, Figs. 3 and 4. The Fall Freeze Hazard, Fig. 3, shows the chance of experi-
encing a given temperature before a selected date. From long-time records the chance of getting a 320 temperature
before November 25 is less than 10%. Similarly the chance of getting a 240 temperature before January 14 is less
than 20%.


% chance
100
90-'
80-
70-
60-
50
40
30-
20
10 -


Nov51 Nov 15 Nov 25


Wauchula Fall Freeze Hazard


Dec 5) Dec 15 Dec 25 Jan 4) Jan 14


Jan 24 Feb31 Feb 13


Fig. 3 Wauchula Fall Freeze Hazard, based on 1951-1980 temperatures.


. .......................... ........................ ...... ................................................................................... ......................
0

o O oO
. .. .................... ................................... ....... .. a .......... ............. ..............................................

. ............... ......................................................... ..................................................... .. .. ... .. ..............
00
............. *.................0......................................... ..................................
00 0
000
0









Conversely, the Spring Freeze Hazard, shows the chance of the occurrence of a given temperature after a
selected date. Thus, the chance of getting a 320 temperature after February 1 is 50%. Or the chance of getting a 280
temperature after February 28th is less than 10%. Similarly the chance of getting a 240 temperature after January
19th is 10%.


Wauchula Spring Freeze Hazard


Nov0 J 1 29 Fb 8 F 8 F 8 Mr
Nov 30 Dec 10 Dec 20 Dec 30 Jan 9 ) Jan 19. Jan29 Feb 8 Feb 18 Feb 28 Mar 9


Mar 19 Mar 29


Fig. 4 Wauchula Spring Freeze Hazard, based on 1951-1980 temperatures.

Note: Weather observations were made at 8:00 a. m. from June 1, 1942 to August 1, 1957; at 4:30 p. m. from
August 2, 1957 to January 1, 1962: then 9:00 a. m. until the present. Daily records from July 1952 through
June 1953 were missing.

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge data collection by Shirley Searcy and Christina Markham, as well as data preparation
by Mrs. Markham, and Mr. Richard A. Hillfor computer compilation and graphics.









HISTORIC NOTE


The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)

site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.






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