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Group Title: Ona Climatological report
Title: Ona 1986 Climatological report.
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075791/00001
 Material Information
Title: Ona 1986 Climatological report.
Series Title: Ona ... Climatological report.
Translated Title: Research Report - Ona AREC ; RC-1987-1 ( English )
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Stephenson, R. J.
McCloud, D. E.
Publisher: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. University of Florida
Publication Date: 1987
 Subjects
Spatial Coverage: North America -- United States -- Florida -- Ona
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075791
Volume ID: VID00001
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 143385555

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S/66


/ C5 Central Science
y7- / Library

Ona Agricultural Research and Education Center OCT 2 3 1987

Research Report RC-1987-1 University of Florida May 1987

Ona 1986 Climatological Report

R. J. Stephenson* and D. E. McCloud**

Weather conditions strongly influence agricultural operations from planting through harvesting. Annual rainfall
and temperature cycles along with extremes help producers determine the optimum times to prepare and plant
seedbeds, to fertilize pastures, to use herbicides, control water, and to supplement cattle on pasture or range.
Weather conditions influence germination, growth, quality, palatability, and digestibility of harvested plants. A
knowledge of weather cycles and extremes is helpful to a successful operation. This research report presents
a summary of rainfall, air temperature, and solar radiation records for 1985 obtained at the Agricultural
Research and Education Center (AREC), Ona, Florida. The station is located 820 55' W longitude and 270 26' N
latitude in south central Florida approximately 45 miles (72 km) east of the Gulf of Mexico and 100 miles (160
km) west of the Atlantic Ocean.

Weather observations were recorded at 9:00 a.m. daily covering the previous 24-hour period. Weather
instruments: a thermometer, and hygrothermograph were housed in a standard U. S. Weather Bureau shelter
located at five feet (150 cm) above ground level.

Graphs of weekly precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, and solar radiation are presented in
Figures 1-3.

) Precipitation:

Total precipitation for 1986 was 54.86 inches (139.3 cm), Table 1. This rainfall was 1.44 inches (3.65 cm)
above the 1942-86 average of 53.42 inches (135.7 cm). There were five periods of ten days or more with no
rainfall; January 28 February 7 (11 days), March 28 April 9 (11 days), April 14 May 6 (23 days the
driest period of the year), and May 23 June 1 (10 days). April and November were the driest months with
0.54 inches (1.4 cm), 0.97 inches (2.5 cm). The wettest months were June and July with monthly rainfall
totals of 11.71 inches (29.7 cm) and 8.50 inches (21.6 cm), respectively. The greatest one day rainfall totals
occurred on October 8 (3.19 inches or 8.1 cm) and December 24 (4.10 inches or 10.4 cm). Diurnal and monthly
rainfall totals are given in Table 3. Weekly rainfall totals are shown in Figure 1.

Evaporation:

The greatest moisture loss occurred during April and May at a time of minimal precipitation (Table 2). During
these two months evaporation often exceeds precipitation. Agronomically important crops such as grass
pastures and legumes are often moisture stressed during the spring, consequently plantings are made before
April or in June to avoid water stress of seedlings during the months of April and May.

Temperature:

The maximum temperature reached 900 F (32.20 C) or more on 107 days in 1986. August and September were
the warmest months with 24 and 23 days of 900 F or above. The years warmest day occurred on June 2 when
the temperature reached 960 F (35.60 C). Longest periods when the temperature reached 900 F or more were
May 26 June 12 (18 days) and September 29 October 15 (17 days).


Assistant Professor, IFAS, Ona Agricultural Research and Education Center, Ona, Florida
Professor, IFAS, Agronomy Department, Gainesville, Florida










0


Table 1. Summary of Precipitation (Inches)* by Months Ona AREC

1943-86 1986

Max. in Min. in Difference from
one month one month Average Total 43 year average


January 8.45 0.03 2.08 1.57 -0.51
February 8.38 0.13 2.67 1.73 -0.94
March 8.60 0.13 3.02 5.32 +2.30
April 11.91 0.00 2.41 0.54 -1.87
May 10.58 0.00 4.10 2.79 -1.31
June 18.99 3.24 8.66 11.71 +3.05
July 19.74 2.92 8.95 8.50 -0.45
August 13.70 3.13 8.48 5.40 -3.08
September 16.78 1.14 7.30 5.10 -2.20
October 11.23 0.04 3.20 6.24 +3.04
November 5.44 0.07 1.86 0.97 -0.89
December 6.05 0.16 1.94 4.99 +3.05

Yearly total 19.74 0.00 54.67 54.86 +0.19

* Inches x 2.54 = cm


inches
5.0-
4.5-
4.0
3.5
3.0-
2.5
2.0
1.5
1 .0
0.5
0.0


Total Year 54.86


Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec


Fig 1. Ona weekly precipitation data 1986

There were 16 days when the minimum temperature fell below 400 F (4.40 C): January 6, 13, 14, 15, 21, 28
and 29; February 13, 14 and 26; March 2, 3, 6, 8 and 23 and April 24. The temperature dropped to 320 F (00
C) or lower twice in January and once in February and March. The coldest month was January with an average
overnight low and daytime high temperature of 46.70 F (8.2 C) and 730 F (22.80 C), respectively. The coldest
day, 230 F (-5" C) occurred on January 28. Minimum and maximum weekly temperatures are shown in Figure










The 1986 weekly solar radiation indexes are shown in Figure 3. For interpretation of dry matter production of
plants, with complete ground cover, optimum water and fertility (potential growth); an index (MJm-2) of 100
is equivalent to 125 Ibs per acre (140 kg per hectare) per week. Thus, the third week in May with an index of
120 would have produced a potential growth rate of 150 Ibs per acre (168 kg per hectare) for the week.

Weather Summary 1943-1986

The greatest yearly precipitation occurred in 1959 when a total of 78.82 inches (200.2 cm) was recorded.
The highest monthly precipitation was 19.74 inches (50.1 cm) in July of 1960 (Table 3). In 1979 the
temperature reached 103 degrees F (39.40 C), while the lowest temperature recorded was 18 degrees F (-7.80
C) on January 13, 1981.

For 1986 at the Ona Agricultural Research and Education Center daily temperature extremes, precipitation, and
evaporation are given in Table 3.

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge data collection by Shirley Searcy and Christina Markham, as well as data
preparation by Mrs. Markham, and Mr. Richard A. Hill for computer compilation and graphics.


Table 2. Summary of Temperature (F)* by Months Ona AREC

Shelter Temperature Ground Temperature

1943-85 1985 1943-85 1985 1985 1985 .
Av. Av. Extreme Extreme Av. Extreme
Low Low Low Year Low Low Low
January 49.8 44.5 18 1960,80 25 43.0 22
February 51.2 50.3 24 1956 29 50.3 28
March 56.1 53.6 26 1948 35 53.6 28
April 59.6 56.5 33 1957,83 41 56.8 40
May 64.6 61.5 43 1954,56 55 62.6 55
June 70.3 69.0 52 1984 65 70.6 65
July 72.5 70.4 62 several 66 71.4 68
August 73.2 71.5 62 1968,81 66 72.6 67
September 72.5 70.2 56 1945 68 70.8 68
October 66.1 68.8 42 1946,81 61 69.6 62
November 57.3 62.3 25 1957 46 63.2 47
December 51.7 47.5 20 1953 24 48.8 24

Year 62.1 60.5 18 1960,80 24 61.1 22

C = (F 32) x 0.556


Note: Weather observations were made at 8:00 a. m. from June 1, 1942 to August 1, 1957; at 4:30 p. m.
from August 2, 1957 to January 1, 1962: then 9:00 a. m. until the present. Daily records from July 1952
through June 1953 were missing.












































Index
160-
140-

120-
100-
A


Max

Min


Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Fig 2. Ona Weekly Temperature Data 1986


4p*



11)


20


Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Fig 3. Ona Weekly Solar Radiation Data 1986


I










Table 3. Temperature ("F)*, Precipitation (inches) and Evaporation (inches) for 1986 One AREC


Min Rain Evap
F Inches inches
55 0.15
62 0.15 0.05
52 0.06

53 0.07
59 0.13
37 0.31 0.08

47 0.08
59 0.16 0.15
59 0.03 0.04


62 0.56
55
45


Max Min Rain Evap
F F inches inches
78 45 0.20
77 49 0.05
77 52 0.13


Max
F
68
56
61


0.11 72
0.11 74
0.14 72


82
0.22 85
0.15 79


0.11
0.15
0.12


44 0.08
55 0.12
55 0.02 0.21


0.03
0.14
0.04

0.11
0.10
0.22


43 0.16
50 0.13
42 0.34 0.08


0.06
0.12
0.11

n 19


61 0.01
64 0.02 0.13
56 0.19 0.01

60 0.01 0.11
62 0.15
51 0.84 0.27


0.16 87
0.11 88
0.16 80


43 0.01 0.19
43 0.12
59 0.04 0.01

55 0.28
63 0.11
59 0.01 0.17


54
57 0.61 0.05


0.16
0.21
0.19


78 54


Day Max
F
1 78
2 80
3 77


0.37
0.18
0.19


76 52 0.32
79 58 0.23
80 62 0.29 0.11


0.24 80
81


0.17
0.15


80 54


Max
F
80
81
84


Min Rain Evap
F inches inches
52 0.12
50 0.35
54 0.15


Max
F
91
91
88


Min Rain Evap
F inches inches
59 0.33
66 0.18
61 0.44


0.34
0.30
0.25


January


0.27 88
0.22 88
0.23 93

0.09 88
0.47 90
0.25 91

0.01 90
0.48 92
0.31 92


91 64


Min Rain Evap
F inches inches
47 0.17
27 0.19
34 0.03

46 0.14
43 0.13 0.21
34 0.14

45 0.01 0.33
36 0.30
51 0.26

64 0.17 0.21
61 0.71
60 0.15

68 0.29
71 0.12
60 1.19 0.44

60 2.50
63 0.02 0.27
61 0.08

68 0.09
67 0.42
50 0.14 0.12


Max
F
92
96
94


0.27 93
0.16 91
0.24 90

93
0.32 95
0.26 91


65 0.04 0.39
55 0.26
58 0.18

56 0.20
61 0.21
58 0.27 0.29


0.20 90
0.36 87
0.24 87


68 0.16
69 0.10 0.16
62 0.04 0.22

62 0.26 0.25
56 0.35
68 0.32


0.26 89
0.34 88
0.12 90


0.31
0.46
0.10

0.52


Min Rain Evap
F inches inches
65 0.35
65 0.05 0.09
70 0.09 0.38

71 0.04 0.06
71 0.49
66 0.18

68 0.40
71 0.06 0.25
68 2.16 0.18

70 0.02
69 0.53 0.39
70 0.28

72 0.17 0.16
68 0.11 0.11
67 0.53 0.11

69 1.86
68 0.27 0.21
69 0.10 0.13

70 0.59 0.25
68 1.15
69 0.10 0.20

68 0.03 0.15
68 2.03
71 0.73 0.28

71 0.12 0.25
70 0.27
71 0.12 0.16

70 0.12 0.37
69 0.26 0.11
69 0.49 0.10


Average 73.0 46.7 77.4 51.9 76.5 52.7 81.6 51.1 87.8 61.8 89.6 69.0
Maximum 83 62 0.56 0.22 86 64 0.84 0.28 88 71 2.50 0.44 90 60 0.53 0.48 93 69 2.08 0.52 96 72 2.16 0.49
Minimum 53 23 0.02 0.03 59 32 0.01 0.01 56 27 0.01 0.03 73 39 0.01 0.01 81 55 0.04 0.10 83 65 0.03 0.02
Total 1.57 3.36 1.73 3.58 5.16 5.66 0.54 7.30 2.79 8.07 11.71 5.92
S(F 32) x 0.556 = "C
" Inches = x 2.54 cm


89
0.37 85
0.25 89


3*4 7 4 AO


February


0.01 0.22
0.15
0.40

0.53 0.21
0.07
0.38


0.12
0.42
0.23

0.38
0.22
0.06


March


April


May


June


65 2.08
60
64










Table 3 (continued). Temperature ('F)*, Precipitation (inches) and Evaporation (inches) for 1986 One AREC


July August September
Day Max Min Rain Evap Max Min Rain Evap Max Min Rain Evap


F F inches inches
90 71 0.35
88 71 0.08 0.17
91 74 0.28

87 69 1.42
87 69 0.01 0.16
90 68 0.57 0.25

90 68 2.58
87 72 0.05 0.13
89 71 0.21

91 73 0.32
90 73 0.22
91 72 0.09 0.23

90 68 0.12 0.20
89 67 0.12
92 72 0.24


94 73
93 70
93 70

95 72
95 72
93 74


91 74 0.15
90 72 0.13 0.28
89 68 0.41 0.13

91 71 0.22
89 71 0.21
86 73 '0.59 0.11

87 71 1.37 0.12
84 71 0.81 0.24
87 73 0,20


31 87 73 0.01


F F inches inches
88 72 0.59 0.32
93 71 0.31
93 72 0.28

91 72 0.20 0.14
91 69 0.10 0.30
91 68 0.19 0.15

83 66 0.08 0.17
92 69 0.63 0.39
92 71 0.29

92 71 0.34 0.21
90 71 0.22
85 70 0.09 0.09

88 70 0.46 0.29
90 70 0.16 0.16
92 72 0.13 0.10


0.21 91 73 0.05 0.42
0.45 89 72 0.20
0.27 87 72 0.31 0.03

0.32 94 74 0.19
0.26 90 75 0.29
0.25 86 70 1.34 0.07


91 71 0.36 0.22
92 73 0.35
92 72 0.23

94 71 0.20 0.05
92 75 0.38
92 72 0.19

93 72 0.07 0.18
90 71 0.30
93 72 0.21

93 72 0.10 0.36


F F inches inches
93 72 0.31 0.18
91 73 0.01 0.09
92 72 0.02 0.31

91 72 0.20
93 74 0.25
92 72 0.25 0.25

81 71 0.05 0.10
92 71 0.18
91 69 0.05 0.18

92 69 2.11 0.19
87 70 0.07
92 71 0.23

91 71 0.25
91 71 0.16
92 72 0.13 0.18

90 71 0.29 0.16
91 72 0.30
90 69 0.23 0.27

89 71 0.28 0.46
89 73 0.02
87 69 0.32 0.13

90 70 0.16 0.14
89 69 0.24 0.18
90 68 0.65


92 70
91 71
92 72

87 68
90 69
91 70


October
Max Min Rain Evap
F F inches inches
91 72 0.02 0.28
92 72 0.21
92 69 0.26 0.07


90 68
92 68
92 67


91 68 0.22
93 67 3.19 0.46
90 70 0.16


91 70
88 67 0.66
90 71


91 71
91 70
91 70


88 64 0.40 0.28
80 56 0.04
80 60 0.23

82 66 0.16
81 60 0.07
81 59 0.22


November December
Max Min Rain Evap Max Min Rain Evap
F F inches Inches F F inches inches
87 69 0.35 0.29 81 65 .10
87 69 0.32 0.22 83 60 0.18
76 69 0.10 82 57 0.04


0.26 77 62
0.18 86 65
0.05 88 66


88 69
87 60
87 68


/
0.27 84 67 0.04 0.03
87 67 0.36
0.82 86 69 0.03

0.15 88 69 0.04
0.17 88 66 0.19 0.26
0.18 84 65 0.12


83 62
85 65
86 69


86 6'5 0.05
86 64 0.01 0.22
85 64 0.08


80 58 0.33 82 54
83 60 0.08 82 61
85 60 0.10 85 66


0.33 85 64 0.28
0.37 85 66 0.25
88 65 0.16 0.09


76 65 0.77 0.15
78 67 0.20 0.00
82 68 0.48

83 71 0.10 0.60


87 67
87 66
84 65


85 65
84 68 0.11
85 69 0.06 0.10


0.03 69 45 0.14
0.06 70 53 .09 0.32
0.03 66 55 0.05


0.11 69 56
0.38 81 61
0.12 80 64


85 62 0.12
87 68 .22 0.14
84 67 0.26

68 55 0.12
72 50 0.07
80 59 .05 0.02


0.15 79 56
0.10 78 56
79 60


81 57 0.05
77 66 .08 0.17
82 54 0.13


0.17 71 53 0.14
0.13 77 62 0.01
0.06 77 69 4.10

0.10 79 60
0.23 75 55
71 55 .19 0.14


66 56 .16 0.07
70 49 0.14
73 52 0.02


61 52


0.02


Average 89.9 71.2 90.6 71.3 90.3 70.7 86.5 66.1 85.1 65.7 75.9 57.7
Maximum 95 74 2.58 0.45 94 75 1.34 0.42 93 74 2.11 0.46 93 72 3.19 0.82 88 69 0.35 0.38 87 69 4.10 0.32
Minimum 84 67 0.01 0.11 83 66 0.05 0.03 81 68 0.01 0.02 76 56 0.10 0.00 76 54 0.01 0.03 61 45 0.05 0.01
Total 8.44 6.08 5.40 7.09 5.10 5.18 6.24 6.38 0.97 3.67 4.99 2.74
(F 32) x 0.556 = C
" Inches = x 2.54 = cm






S









HISTORIC NOTE


The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)

site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.






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