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Group Title: Commercial corn variety testing results from south-central Florida.
Title: Commercial corn variety testing results from south-central Florida. 1980
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075790/00005
 Material Information
Title: Commercial corn variety testing results from south-central Florida. 1980
Series Title: Commercial corn variety testing results from south-central Florida.
Translated Title: Research Report - University of Florida Agricultural Research Center ; 1980-10 ( English )
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Mislevy, P.
Kalmbacher, R. S.
Everett, P. H.
Horner, E. S.
Publisher: University of Florida, Agricultural Research Center
Publication Date: 1980
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075790
Volume ID: VID00005
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 143646330

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HISTORIC NOTE


The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)

site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.






Copyright 2005, Board of Trustees, University
of Florida






""



S Agricultural Research Center October 1980
Research Report RC-1980-10
COMMERCIAL CORN VARIETY TESTING RESULTS
FRPM SOUTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA, 1980.

P. Mislevy, R.S. Kalmbacher, P.H. Everett and E.S. HomerI

Corn can be extremely valuable in a livestock feeding program. With
its rapid growth and high yielding ability, corn harvested and stored as
silage, can supplement perennial grasses at times when their production is
low. This crop may follow winter vegetables or be used in a pasture
renovation program. High quality corn silage can provide cattle with a
substantial carbohydrate input, possibly reducing high grain costs and
also providing growing calves with quality feed.
Well managed corn harvested for silage at the proper stage of
maturity can produce 7 to 10 tons/acre of dry matter in a 3.5 to 4.0
month period. This would allow the land to be free for the growth of
other crops during the remaining eight months.

Corn silage harvested at the hard dent stage usually contains
30 to 40% dry matter and is high in energy, carotene n, r R y
low in minerals with a protein content of about 8, To pr ce high
yields of quality corn forage, adapted hybrids, proper seL4 in 8 p
high fertility, water control ,correct plant popular ons, and weed and
insect control are necessary. .F.A.S.- Univ. of Florida
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate commercial corn hybrids
for silage and/or grain production at Ona and Inmokalee.
Experimental Procedure

The experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Centers
(ARC) at Ona and Inmokalee. The experimental design at both locations was
a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Twenty four commercial
corn varieties were seeded at Ona and 25 varieties at Inmokalee. The
1/ Associate Professors, respectively, Agricultural Research Center, Ona;
Professor, Agricultural Research Center, Inmokalee; Professor, Agronomy
Department, Gainesville, Florida.









experiment at Ona was seeded on Ona fine sand on February 2, 1980. However,
because of the March 3 freeze the experiment had to be reseeded on March 7.
The Inmokalee experiment was seeded on February 5, 1980.

Fertility

Fertilization practices at Ona were 930 Ib/A of 0-10-20 N-P205-
K20 plus 42 lb/A of N at seeding. Additionally, 110 and 94 Ib/A N was
applied when the corn was 10 and 24 inches tall, respectively.

At Inmokalee 0-110-220 Ib/A of N-P205-K20 plus 23 lb/A of FTE 5032/
micronutrients were disked into the seedbed. After corn emergence 45 lb/A
of N was applied, and when corn was 12 and 30 inches tall an additional
110 Ib/A of N was applied.

Plant populations and pest control

Corn at Ona was seeded in 30 inch rows to a final population of 26,000
plants per acre. In Inmokalee the corn was seeded in 30 inch rows to a
final population of 25,000 plants per acre. The herbicide practices used
at Ona were 2.0 lb/A AAtrex) active and 2.0 lb/A Lasso(R) active pre-emerge
in 40 gallons of water per acre. No cultivation practices were employed
after the corn was seeded. The insecticide Dasanit(R) 15 G (2.0 Ib active/A)
was applied at seeding, to control soil insects. The insecticide Mesurol(R
was applied on the seed at the rate of 1 lb camiercial product/100 Ib
seed to act as a bird repellent.

At Immokalee AAtrex(R) was applied at 2.0 lb active/A in caobination
with Dual(R) at 2.5 lb active/A. At seeding the insecticide Furidan(R)
10G was applied at 2.0 Ib active/A. Mesurol(R) was applied at the same
rate used at Ona. Corn was sprayed with Lannate 1.8L(R) on March 13
and April 2, 1980 at 2 pints/100 gal. of water to control bud worms.

Irrigation

A total of 2.0 inches of irrigation water was applied in over-head
sprinklers in 4 applications at: the Ona ARC. The Innokalee experiment was
irrigated by a seepage system with laterals on 40 foot centers.
(2/ FIE 503 micronutrients contain the following elemental content: iron,
18.0%; zinc, 7.0%; manganese, 7.5%; copper, 3.0%; boron, 3.0%; molybdenun,
0.2%.









Maturity at Harvest

Corn was harvested when the kernels were at the hard dent stage as
would be recommended for silage production. This was coincidental with
black-layer formation at base of kernel in most varieties. The experiments
were also harvested for grain. The kernel moisture at harvest over all
varieties at Ona and Imnokalee averaged 32 and 31%, respectively. These
values were then converted and expressed in bushels of shelled corn at
15.5% moisture.

Results and Discussion

Ona ARC

Forage dry matter yields of conmerical corn hybrids grown at Ona
during 1980 were relatively low, averaging 7.5 T/A (Table 1). Yields
ranged from a high of 10.9 T/A for the full season hybrid McNair 488
to a low of 5.3 T/A for the early maturing hybrid Dekalb XL 78. The
1980 low yields may be partially due to the late (March 7) seeding.
The study was seeded initially on February 7 but was completely killed
by the March 3 freeze (21F).

The top yielding hybrids, McNair 488 and McNair 508, did not dry
rapidly as evidenced by the 41.2% and 40.8% dry matter at harvest,
respectively, 122 days after seeding. This varietal characteristic
is quite important, since fast dry-down indicates a variety would be
ready for whole plant harvesting (30 to 40% dry matter) sooner, allowing
the commercial grower to remove the crop before the start of sunner rains.
The use of earlier maturing hybrids, such as 'Funks G 4740 Asgrow RX 112
etc, also play an important role in a carmercial corn program. These
varieties mature about 7 to 15 days earlier than full season hybrids,
allowing one to start harvesting sooner. This allows the grower additional
time for seeding the second crop before summer rains. Early maturing
hybrids generally produce lower dry matter yields than full season
hybrids (Table 1), but grain yields and grain to stalk ratios are good.

Grain yields should be an important consideration when selecting
commercial hybrids to be grown in south Florida. Grain yields in 1980
averaged 147 bu/A shelled corn @ 15.5% moisture (Table 1). The highest
yielding varieties were McNair 488 and Funks G 4864, averaging 165 bu/A,






-4-


and the lowest yielding varieties were Funks G 4689 and Dekalb XL 78,
averaging 114 and 109 bu/A, respectively. The Funks variety G 4864
also contained low kernel moisture: 28% at harvest. Because shelled corn
should contain 13 to 14% moisture for safe storage, the lower the moisture
at harvest, the lower the energy required for drying.

An important consideration when selecting corn hybrids for silage
is the grain-stover ratio. This is the amount of dried grain produced by
the corn plant in relation to total (corn stover plus grain) production.
The grain-stover ratio expresses the percentage by weight of grain available
in the silage. Producing a corn crop with a high forage dry matter yield
and low grain yield ('McNair 488') results in a low grain stover ratio
(40-60%) (Table 1). Whereas 'McCurdy IS X 84AA' produced a low forage
dry matter yield and high grain yield resulting in a 61-39% ratio.

Southern corn rust (Puccinia potysora) appeared on plants near
maturity having little effect on hybrid performance. No lodging was
observed among hybrids at Ona.

Immokatee ARC

Forage dry matter yield averaged 6.2 T/A, and yield ranged from
8.7 (Dekalb XL 395A) to 4.7 T/A (Gold Kist GK 915)(Table 2). In spite
of the large range in yield there were no significant field differences
among varieties. Those varieties which were at the top of the list in
yield were those varieties which were among the higher yielding in 1979
(Research Report RC 1979-9). These better yielding varieties are Dekalb
1295, McCurdy 67-14 and Coker 77. These are full season hybrids, and
generally outyield short season entries.

Forage dry matter averaged 58.2%, which is somewhat higher than the
dry matter recommended for ensiling (Table 2). The hybrids can be dried-
down rapidly, as was done at Immokalee by stopping irrigation.

Corn grain yield averaged 111 bu/A (shelled at 15.5% moisture) and
ranged from 152 (Dekalb XL 395 A) to 90 bu/A (McCurdy 75-200)(Table 2)
The full season hybrids which were the highest in forage yield were also
highest in grain yield. Moisture of the kernels at harvest averaged 31%,
and the shelling percentage of the ears averaged 81% grain.







-5-

Full season hybrids were slightly lower in the grain-stover ratio
than early maturing entries. The average grain-stover value was 47-53,
which is not far from the desirable 50-50 (Table 2).

There was little insect or bird damage to the entries and disease
(southern corn rust and blight) were not serious (Table 3). There were
high winds which broke the stalks above the ears on many of the early
entries. Lodging (complete falling over of stalks) was problem
with a few entries, the worse of which were Ring Around RA 2502, which
had 20% lodging, and Funks G 4740 (11% lodging).

Selected corn varieties grown during the past five years at Ona and
Imnokalee are presented in Table 4. Better varieties at both locations
are Dekalb XL 395A, Coker 77 and Punks G5945. These full season hybrids
generally out-yielded short season varieties like Asgrow-RX 114 or Dekalb
XL 80. Corn yields at Ona ARC are consistently higher than those at
Imnokalee, and this is primarily a reflection of soil and irrigation.
Immokalee soils are lower in organic matter, more coarse textured and less
fertile than soil on the experimental area at Ona. Water management
with the seepage irrigation system at Imnokalee is more difficult than
management with the over-head system at Ona, as it is easy to allow the
crop to go extremes of too wet or too dry with the seepage system.

Conclusions

When selecting a camiercial corn hybrid to be grown and stored as
silage in south-central Florida, it is best to select a variety, that
produces high forage and grain yields, with a high forage dry matter
percentage and low kernel moisture percentage. A grain-stover ratio of
about 50-50 or above is desirable. If corn hybrids are grown for grain
production, then high grain yields at low kernel moisture should be
selected. Selecting early maturing hybrids allows early harvesting and
seeding of another crop.









Table 1. Forage and grain yields and other agronomic variables of commercial


corn varieties grown at


the Ona ARC, 1980.


Brand


McNair
McNair
Funks
Pioneer
Pioneer
Funks
Funks
Pioneer
Asgrow
McCurdy
Dekalb
McCurdy
Dekalb
Asgrow
Coker
McCurdy
Gold Kist
McCurdy
McCurdy
Asgrow
Ring Around
Funks
Funks
Dekalb
Average


Forage dry matter
Variety Yield At harvest


488
508
G-5945
P 3040
PX 304 C
G-4740
G-4864
PAX 730 C
RX 140 A
MSX 86 A
1295
8150
XL 395 A
RX 114
C 22
75-200
GK-915
67-14
MSX 84 AA
RX 112
RA 2502
G-4507
G-4689
XL 78


T/A
10.9 a*
9/3 ab
8.8 bc
8.5 b-d
8.3 b-d
8.2 b-d
8.1 b-e
7.8 e-g
7.7 b-e
7.6 b-e
7.6 b-e
7.4 b-f
7.4 b-f
7.2 c-f
7.2 c-f
7.0 c-f
6.9 c-f
6.9 c-f
6.7 c-f
6.7 c-f
6.6 d-f
6.0 ef
5.5 f
5.3 f
7.5


"%
41.2 h
40.8 h
46.8 e-h
44.5 f-h
41.1 h
61.9 b-d
55.6 b-e
51.7 e-g
63.4 a-c
51.1 e-g
45.6 e-h
54.3 c-f
44.8 f-h
64.0 ab
48.7 e-h
44.2 f-h
53.8 c-g
55.0 b-e
51.1 e-g
72.2 a
53.9 c-g
64.3 ab
52.5 d-g
50.2 e-h
52.2


Grain
4.
yield

bu/A
165 a
161 a
161 a
140 a
158 a
158 a
165 a
164 a
136 a
146 a
151 a
145 a
145 a
130 a
143 a
161 a
157 a
148 a
154 a
144 a
147 a
119 a
114 a
109 a
147


Kernel Shelling
moisture percentage


%
38 a
38 a
36 a-c
34 a-e
33 c-h
28 i-i
28 i-I
30 g-k
30 g-k
34 a-e
37 a-c
30 g-k
36 a-c
25 1
32 d-i
34 a-e
31 e-j
31 e-j
30 g-k
26 kl
31 e-j
28 i-1
28 i-I
29 h-k
32


%7
83 a-c
82 a-c
82 a-c
82 a-c
82 a-c
79 c
84 ab
83 a-c
82 a-c
85 a
80 bc
84 ab
82 a-c
81 a-c
84 ab
81 a-c
83 a-c
83 a-c
84 ab
82 a-c
84 ab
85 a
85 a
85 a
83


Grain-stover
ratio


40-60
46-54
47-53
44-56
50-50
50-50
54-46
56-44
49-51
51-49
53-47
53-47
51-49
45-55
57-43
60-40
60-40
57-43
61-39
55-45
60-40
54-46
57-43
56-44
53-47


* Means within a column followed by the same letters
different at the 0.05 level of probability according
Test.


t Based on 15.5% moisture.
T Determined at harvest.
Plant population (final): 26,000
plants/acre.


are not significantly
to Duncans Multiple Range


Calculated on dry matter basis.
Seeding date: March 7, 1980
Insecticide: Dasanit 13 lb/A of
formulation, preplant applied.






-7-

Table 1 cont'd.

Row spacing: 30 inches.
Fertilization: Preplant, 930 lb/A 0-10-20 (N-P205-K20) plus 42 Ib/A N;
When corn was 10 inches tall, applied 110 Ib/A N; corn 24
inches applied 94 Ib/A N.
Herbicide: Pre-emerge 2.0 Ib active/A Lasso and 2.0 lb active/A atrazine.
Date harvested: July 7, 1980.
Irrigation: applied 2.0 inches via over-head sprinklers.









Table 2. Forage and grain yields and agronomic variables of ccmnercial


corn varieties grown at


the Immokalee ARC, 1980.


Forage dry matter
Yield At harvest


Grain
yield


Kernel
moistureT


Shelling Grain stover
percentage ratio


Dekalb
McNair
McNair
Dekalb
McCurdy
Coker
PAG
Asgrow
Funks
McNair
McCurdy
Asgrow
Pioneer
Pioneer
Funks
McCurdy
Pioneer
McCurdy
Funks
Ring Around
McCurdy
Funks
Funks
Dekalb
Gold Kist
Average


XL 395 A
508
488
1295
67-14
77
751
RX 140 A
G-5945
S-338
MSX 84 AA
RX 114
3320
PXA 730 C
G-4864
MSX 86 A
PX 304 C
8150
G-4740
RA 2502
75-200
G-4507
G-4689
XL 78
GK 915


* Means within a column followed by the same letters
different at the 0.05 level of probability according
test.


t Based on 15.57 moisture
Calculated on dry matter basis.


are not significantly
to Duncans multiple range


T Determined at harvest.
Seeding date: February 5, 1980.


Brand


Variety


T/A
8.7 a*
8.3 a
8.3 a
7.7 a
7.3 a
6.8 a
6.5 a
6.4 a
6.2 a
6.1 a
6.1 a
5.9 a
5.8 a
5.8 a
5.7 a
5.7 a
5.6 a
5.6 a
5.5 a
5.5 a
5.3 a
5.1 a
5.0 a
4.8 a
4.7 a
6.2


%
54.4 a
54.8 a
48.7 cd
57.1 a-d
58.6 a-d
47.3 cd
69.8 ab
59.9 a-d
63.3 a-d
45.8 d
53.5 a-d
59.8 a-d
68.7 ab
58.4 a-d
71.6 a
56.9 a-d
61.7 a-d
54.9 a-d
65.1 a-c
55.8 a-d
72.0 a
55.1 a-d
59.9 a-d
46.8 cd
52.4 b-d
58.2


bu/A
152 a
126 a
145 a
121 a
132 a
142 a
101 a
122 a
98 a
122 a
108 a
92 a
91 a
108 a
116 a
94 a
92 a
111 a
103 a
116 a
90 a
106 a
96 a
102 a
98 a
111


34 a-d
34 a-d
34 a-d
33 a-e
31 a-f
37 a
29 c-g
28 d-g
29 c-g
29 c-g
35 a-c
35 a-c
31 a-f
26 fg
32 a-f
24 g
36 ab
30 c-g
34 a-d
24 g
34 a-d
29 c-g
31 a-f
27 e-g
32 a-f
35 a-c
31


%
78 de
85 a
82 a-e
82 a-e
79 b-e
81 a-e
83 a-e
81 a-e
81 a-e
78 de
82 a-e
78 de
84 ab
79 b-e
81 a-e
84 ab
82 a-e
81 a-e
82 a-e
83 a-e
79 b-e
82 a-e
83 a-e
82 a-e
80 b-e
81


%
44-56
40-60
45-55
42-58
46-54
55-45
40-60
48-52
41-59
48-52
48-52
40-60
44-50
47-53
53-47
44-56
41-59
51-49
51-49
55-45
43-57
57-43
52-48
56-44
54-46
47-53






-9-


Table 2 cont'd.


Plant population (final): 25,000 plants/acre.
Insecticide: Furidan @ 2.0 Ib/A active, preplant.
Row spacing: 30 inches
Fertilization: 0-110-220 Ib/A N-P205-K20, respectively, plus 23 Ib/A FIE
503 preplant. 45 Ib/A of N applied after emergence, 110
Ib/A applied when plants 12 and 30 inches tall.
Herbicide: Pre-emerge Duel 2.5 Ib/A + AAtrex 2.0 Ib/A active.
Date harvested: June 12, 1980.
Irrigation: seepage with laterals on 40 foot centers.






-10-


Table 3. Plant height and percent lodging of commercial corn hybrids grown
at the Inmokalee ARC, 1980.

Brand Variety Plant height Lodging


McNair
Dekalb
McNair
Dekalb
McCurdy
Coker
PAG
Asgrow
Funks
McNair
McCurdy
Asgrow
Pioneer
Pioneer
Funks
McCurdy
Pioneer
McCurdy
Funks
Ring Around
McCurdy
Funks
Funks
Dekalb
Gold Kist


508
XL 395 A
488
1295
67-14
77
751
RX 140 A
G-5945
S-338
MSX 84 AA
RX 114
3320
PXA 730 C
G-4864
IMX 86 A
PX 304 C
8150
G-4740
RA 2502
75-200
G-4507
G-4689
XL 78
GK 915


Average


Ft.
8.7
8.2
8.4
8.7
7.8
8.6
8.5
8.1
8.5
8.2
7.5
8.0
7.6
7.6
7.7
8.0
8.2
7.5
7.3
7.8
8.0
7.6
7.4
7.9
7.8

8.0


%
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.7
0.5
1.0
1.3
1.8
3.8
0.5
3.8
1.7
0.0
0.8
0.0
11.0
20.0
2.8
0.0
1.3
0.0
7.5


2.5






-11-


Table 4. Average forage dry matter yield of selected varieties grown at Ona
and Imnokalee over the past five years. 1976-1980.

Brand Variety 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Average
---T/A
Ona ARC
Coker 77 10.7 12.9 8.5 12.2 t 11.1
Dekalb XL 395 A 10.6T 11.0 11.7 13.0 7.4 10.7
PAG 751 9.2 10.1 9.9 12.2 t 10.4
Funks G-5945 10.7 10.1 9.5 10.5 8.8 9.9
McNair 508 10.4 8.3 8.0 11.3 9.3 9.5
McOurdy 67-14 8.8 9.1 t 11.8 6.9 9.2
Asgrow RX 114 8.6 8.9 9.8 9.6 7.2 8.8
Dekalb XL 80 8.9 7.7 8.7 9.2T t 8.6
Average 9.7 9.8 9.4 11.2 7.9 9.8
Imnokalee ARC
Dekalb XL 395 A t t 8.9 8.3 8.7 8.6
McNair 508 t t 8.7 7.6 8.3 8.2
McCurdy 67-14 t t 9.0 8.4 7.3 8.2
Coker 77 t t 8.9 8.7 6.8 8.1
Funks G-5945 t t 9.1 7.9 6.2 7.7
PAG 751 t t 7.3 6.5 6.5 6.8
Dekalb XL 80 t t 7.4 5.8T t 6.6
Asgrow RX 114 t 6.1 t 5.9 6.0
Average 8.1 7.6 7.1 7.5

t entry not seeded
$ entry was Dekalb XL 395 or XL 80 B in these years.




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