Agricultural Research and Education Center
Research Report RC-1988-1 Madth 1988
SORGHUM VARIETY-TEST RESULTS FROM
ONA AREC: 1987 JL 2. .989
R. J. Stephenson, R. S. Kalmbacher and D. L. Wright:;.i-. i c y I
South-central Florida from Orlando to the Everglades has soil and
climatic conditions that are unique to this region where two thirds of the
state's cattle are located. Land use is mainly extensively managed tame and
native pasture, which is within the capability of the sandy, low fertility,
usually poorly drained soils. More nutritious forages are needed to improve
calf production, and also to allow calves to attain a marketable size in the
region instead of shipping them elsewhere. Sorghums have some potential as a
nutritious, stored feed (grain or silage) either during periods of feed
shortages, when the cow's nutritional requirements cannot be met by perennial
grasses, or'for backgrounding or finishing calves.
The purpose of this study is to test adaptability and productivity of
grain (milo) and forage (silage) sorghums and sorghum x sudangrass hybrids
available from commercial and University experiment stations. Where trade
names are used, no discrimination or endorsement is intended.
Methods and Materials
Forty grain, 18 forage, and 20 sorghum x sudangrass hybrids were seeded
in separate studies in four replications of a randomized complete block design.
Cultural practices are outlined in Tables 1, 4 and 7, respectively.
Forage and grain yield was determined from the hand harvest of 10 foot of
row. Grain was thrashed, cleaned and dried at 1400 F for 48 hours. Forage
yield was determined by weighing the green sample from the 10' row plus a
sub-sample of approximately one-half pound. The sub-sample was chopped, dried
(1400 F, 72 hrs) and reweighed for dry matter, determination, which was used to
calculate dry matter per acre production.
Results and Discussion
Grain Sorghum
There were significant (P<0.05) differences in grain yields (Table 1).
Average grain yield was 5450 lb/A and ranged from a high of 6820 to a low of
3200 lb/A for Helena 'Hyperformer 1330 DRC' and Dekalb '42 Y', respectively.
Average yield in 1987 was 27 percent higher than the 4 year average of 1983-85
(5450 vs. 4280 lb/A) (Table 3).
Assist Extension Agronomist, Ona AREC; Professor (agronomist), Ona AREC;
Extension Agronomist, Agricultural Research and Education Center, Quincy.
7/
Varieties which have been tested for several years (Table 2), performed
well in 1987. These include 'Savanna 5', George Warner 'W 840 DR', Funks
'G 22 DR', Youngs 'Oro-T-Xtra' and McCurdy 'M 57 YG'. When selecting a grain
sorghum it is important to consider performance over a period of a least 3
years.
Average moisture at harvest was 23% and ranged from a high of 31 to a low
of 11% for Cargill '1096 Y' and Ala. Farmers Coop. 'FFR 421', respectively
(Table 2). Grain is normally stored at approximately 15% moisture, which
means all but two entries would have required drying. All entries were mature
'grain ripe' after the 113 day growing season, but generally complete drying
(safe drying) is not accomplished under field conditions.
Disease, insect and bird damage was not a problem in 1987 (Table 2). The
only exception was with Ala. Farmers Coop. 'FFR 331', where bird damage was
accessed at 13.5%. Weed control was fair, as sorghum will not tolerate many
of the herbicides currently used on corn and low rates most often must be used
due to the course texture of many soils in south central Florida.
Forage Sorghum
Significant (P<0.05) differences in yield of forage sorghum hybrids were
found (Table 4). Average total yield was 11.5 t/k and ranged from a-high of
18.6 to a low of 6.8 t/A for Funks 'G 1990' and Funks '102 F', respectively.
The highest yielding hybrids was Funks 'G 1990' which is a sterile (no grain)
line. The second highest yielding hybrid was Northrup King '367' which was
easily the highest grain yielding hybrid (Table 5). Both of these hybrids had
plant heights at harvest well in excess of the average. Stalk diameters were
also much larger than the other hybrids. All of these factors were the reason
the hybrids had significantly greater dry matter yields than the other hybrids.
Harvest 1 averaged 6.7 t/A and harvest 2 averaged 4.7 t/A. The second
harvest is generally lower because of adverse growing conditions of summer.
Some hybrids hold-up well through the summer as evidenced by Funks 'G 1990'
and Dekalb 'FS 25 E' (Table 4).
Lodging was a problem at harvest 1 when most of the hybrids lodged from
20 to 100 percent. Almost all entries would have been lost for commercial
methods of harvesting. Funks 'G 1990' and Northrup King '367' were two
hybrids which held up. Generally, forage sorghum is harvested at the dough
stage of maturity, and plants 8 to 10 feet are prone to lodging during wind
gusts prior to early summer thunderstorms. Lodging was not a problem at
harvest 2 because grain yield was poor due to sorghum midge damage and adverse
weather for pollination, making the plants less top-heavy. Diseases were not
a problem at either harvest.
Grain yield was measured on a single replication and provides a relative
index for comparison among entries (Table 5). Better grain yielders in 1987
were Northrup King '367', Ala. Farmers Coop. '347' and Conlee 'Cow Vittles
II'. The Northrup King entry had an exceptionally high grain yield (8940
lb/A). The average grain yield was 4670 lb/A.
Forage sorghums which have performed well for at least 3 years included
Northrup King '367', Dekalb 'FS 25 E' and Funks.'HW 5574' (Table 6). It is
important to consider performance over a period of 3 to 5 years and a variety
of environmental conditions.
Sorghum x Sudangrass
Significant (P.0.05) differences existed in forage yield among hybrids
tested for each harvest and total yield (Table 7). Sorghum x sudangrass
entries were harvested four times, all at the anthesis stage of maturity.
Yield averaged 10.7 t/A and ranged from a high of 12.2 to a low of 7.6 t/A for
Cargill 'Sweet Sioux IV' and Helen 'Graze-N-Bale', respectively. Normally,
yields are greater at the first harvest and continually decline, as was the
case in 1987.
Plant height varied among entries and are given at each harvest in Table
8. Lodging was not a problem even when entries reached 10.5 feet, because all
of these hybrids are sterile, do not produce grain, and are therefore not
top-heavy.
Hybrids which performed well were 'Sweet Sioux IV', 'Higrazer' and
'Gro-N-Graze DR'. Entries which were tested and have done well for a number
of years include: 'Gro-N-Graze DR', 'Sordan 79' and 'Summergraze 3'.
Conclusions
Based on this and past year's data, the following sorghums are
recommended for grain and silage production in south Florida:
Grain Sorghums
1. Young 'Oro-G-Xtra'
2. Northrup King 'Savanna 5'
3. George Warner 'W 840 DR'
4. Funks 'G-522 DR'
Forage Sorghums (for silage)
1. Northrup King '367'
2. Dekalb 'FS 25 E'
3. Funks 'HW 5574'
4. Asgrow 'Titan R'
Sorghum x Sudangrasses (for silage)
1. Dekalb 'SX 17'
2. PAG 'Honey Chow'
3. Northrup King 'Sordan 79'
4. George Warner 'Gro-N-Graze DR'
Table 1. Grain sorghum yield of hybrids grown at AREC-Ona 1987.
Brand Hybrid Yield+
Helena
Dekalb
George Warner
Funk's
Jacques
Conlee
R.C. Young
Cargill
Coker
Asgrow
Coker
Cargill
Ala. Farmers Coop.
Dekalb
George Warner
R.C. Young
George Warner
Jacques
Northrup King
Cargill
Conlee
Sunbelt
Cargill
Pennington
George Warner
Gro Agri
McCurdy
Funk's
Triumph
Gro Agri
Coker
Pioneer
Funk's
Ala. Farmers Coop.
Jacques
R.C. Young
Gro Agri
Asgrow
Pioneer
Dekalb
Average
Hyperformer 1330 DRC
DK 49
W-876 DR
G-1711
707
Rustler
Oro-T-Xtra
5572
C-7737
Double TX
C-7675
6670
FFR 331
DK 64
W-840 DR
Oro-G-Xtra
W-744 DR
606
Savanna 5
DR 1125
Tophand II
444
1096 Y
Penngrain-DR
W-839 DR
GSA 1290
M 57 YG
G-1602
Two 70-D
GSC 1313
C-7638
8222
G-522 DR
FFR 421
505
Oro-Xtra
GSA 1180
Sierra
8333
42 Y
6820 a
6730 ab
6540 a-c
6450 a-d
6400 a-d
6210 a-e
6140 a-f
6120 a-f
6110 a-f
6060 a-g
6000 a-g
5930 a-h
5920 a-h
5830 a-h
5820 a-h
5800 a-h
5750 a-h
5680 a-h
5660 a-h,
5570 a-i
5520 b-i
5510 b-i
5510 b-i
5500 b-i
5480 b-i
5440 c-i
5430 c-i
5240 d-j
5020 e-k
4960 e-1
4890 f-l
4870 f-l
4790 g-l
4690 h-l
4390 i-i
4330 i-m
4120 j-m
3930 k-m
3780 Im
3200 m
5450
-T- Grain yields reported at oven dry weight (140 F )
Means with the same letters) are not significantly different
using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 0.05 level
Table 1. Grain sorghum yield of hybrids grown at AREC-Ona 1987 (Cont'd)
Seeded: March 18, 1987
Seeding rate: 12 lb/A and thinned
Row spacing: 30 inches
Fertilization: 1) At seeding 50 Ib/A nitrogen
42 lb/A P 0
84 lb/A K O
16 lb/A F-503 micronutrients
2) Plants 12-15" tall (April 9)
50 lb/A N
10 lb/A P2O
50 Ib/A K O0
3) Plants 24-30" tall (April 27)
50 lb/A N
10 lb/A P 0
50 lb/A K 0
Herbicide: Gramoxone Super post-direct applied at 0.25 lb ai/A.
Insecticides: Furadan 10G applied at 2 lb ai/A in rows at seeding.
Irrigation: Applied 4.2 inches over 5 applications using an
overhead system from April 29 to June 10, 1987.
Harvested: July 9, 1987 (113 days)
Table 2. Agronomic characteristics of grain sorghum grown at AREC-Ona 1987.
Grain moisture Plant Disease t Bird Head
Brand Hybrid at harvest height Leaf Head damage colors
% inches %
Helena
Dekalb
George Warner
Funk's
Jacques
Conlee
R.C. Young
Cargill
Coker
Asgrow
Coker
Cargill
Ala. Farmers Coop.
Dekalb
George Warner
R.C. Young
George Warner
Jacques
Northrup King
Cargill
Conlee
Sunbelt
Cargill
Pennington
George Warner
Gro Agri
McCurdy
Funk's
Triumph
Gro-Agri
Coker
Pioneer
Funk's
Ala. Farmers Coop.
Jacques
Hyperformer 1330 DRC
DK 49
W-876 DR
G-1711
707
Rustler
Oro-T-Xtra
5572
C-7737
Double TX
C-7675
6670
FFR 331
DK 64
W-840 DR
Oro-G-Xtra
W-744 DR
606
Savanna 5
DR 1125
Top Hand II
444
1096 Y
Penngrain DR
W-839 DR
GSA 1290
M 57 YG
G 1602
Two 70-0
G SC 1313
C-7638
8222
G-522 DR
FFR 421
505
21
22
26
27
26
23
23
26
24
27
25
23
22
23
21
24
24
27
16
25
22
24
31
25
23
20
26
19
25
20
26
20
26
11
22
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.5
2.0
1.2
2.2
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.2
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.0
2.0
4.7
5.2
1.2
1.5
2.2
4.2
2.2
3.7
7.0
1.7
3.2
3.0
13.5
.2
.7
.7
.0
2.0
.0
2.2
2.0
.2
8.3
1.5
1.7
.0
1.5
.6
1.7
1.0
1.2
.7
1.2
.0
S1.5
Table 2. Agronomic characteristics of grain sorghum grown at AREC-Ona 1987 (Cont'd)
-? Bd d
Grain moisture Plant DiseaseT Bird Head
Brand Hybrid at harvest height Leaf Head damage colors
% inches %
R.C. Young Oro-Xtra 28 51 2 2.0 .2 RB
Gro Agri GSA 1180 15 47 2 2.0 2.5 RB
Asgrow Sierra 17 47 2 2.0 1.5 TN
Pioneer 8333 22 47 2 1.7 .7 RB
Dekalb 42 Y 30 49 2 1.7 1.2 CR
Average 23 54 2 1.9 2.2
tDisease rated on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 = no damage, 5 = severe damage
*Color: RB = reddish brown, TN = tan, W = white, CR = cream
ble 3. Average grain yields of selected grain sorghums tested at AREC Ona, 1983-85
and 1987.
Year Tested
and Hybrid 1983 1984 1985 1987 Avg.
-----------------lb/A-----------------
.cques 707 ---- 4180 ---- 6400 5290
iungs Oro-G-Xtra 4920 4170 5110 5800 5000
Irthrup King Savanna 5 5450 4380 3970 5660 4860
torge Warner W 840 DR 4830 4090 4210 5820 4740
nk's G 522 DR 5310 3920 4410 4790 4610
:Curdy M 57 YG 4330 ---- 4060 5430 4610
,ungs Oro-T-Xtra 5580 2720 3760 6140 4550
&ker C 7675 ---- 3510 3950 6000 4490
inlee Tophand II ---- 3130 4040 5500 4220
tnnington Penngrain DR 3820 3590 3620 5830 4210
a. Feed & Seed Gator Grain A 4740 3300 4160 ---- 4070
.oneer 8333 ---- 3450 3170 3780 3470
'erage+, 4510 3410 3750 5450 428Q
ield reported at 140 F dry weights
Jerage for all hybrids tested that year
Table 4. Dry matter yield of forage sorghum grown at AREC-Ona, 1987.
Harvest Date
Brand Hybrid June 25 Oct 6 Total
-------------- t/A --------------
Funks G 1990 7.8 b-d 10.8 a 18.6 a
Northrup King 367 10.2 a 8.0 b 18.2 a
Agra Tech 86 S 7.9 bc 5.6 b-d 13.6 b
Dekalb FS 25 E 6.1 b-f 7.3 be 13.4 b
Pioneer 947 8.1 b 4.9 c-e 12.9 bc
Dekalb FS 5 7.5 b-d 4.4 d-f 11.9 bc
Gro Agri Growers 30 F 6.7 b-f 4.8 c-e 11.4 bc
George Warner Sweet Bee 7.7 b-d 3.2 d-f 11.0 b-d
Ala. Farmers Coop. 347 6.0 c-f 4.4 d-f 10.9 b-d
Gro Agri GSA 1586 6.0 b-f 4.8 c-e 10.9 b-d
Summit HO-K 6.2 b-f 4.6 d-f 10.8 b-d
Conlee Cow Vittles II 6.6 b-f 4.0 d-f 10.6 b-d
Sunbelt 555 6.8 b-e 3.3 d-f 10.1 b-d
Pioneer 923 6.2 b-f 3.7 d-f 9.9 b-d
Triumph Super-sile 20 5.8 d-f 4.0 d-f 9.8 b-d
George Warner 2 Way 5.8 d-f 3.1 d-f 8.9 cd
Asgrow Titan R 4.8 f 2.5 ef 7.2 d
Funks 102 F 4.9 ef 1.9 f 6.8 d
Average 6.7 4.7 11.5
Means within a column followed by the same letters) are not significantly
different using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 0.05 level
Seeded: March 18, 1987 at 12 lb/A and thinned
Row spacing: 30 inches
Fertilization: At seeding
50 lb N/A
42 Ib P 0 /A
84 lb K202A
When plants were 12-15"
24"
36"
50 lb
10 lb
20 lb
Herbicides:
(April 9)
(April 27)
(May 13)
N/A
P2 /A
K.2OA
On June 26 after harvest 1, 0.25 lb ai/A of Gramoxone Super was
broadcast sprayed over to the stubble
Insecticide: Furadan 10 G applied at 2 lb ai/A in rows at seeding
Irrigation:
Harvests:
Applied 4.2 inches over 5 applications using an overhead system
from April 29 to June 10, 1987
June 25 (99 days) and October 6 (103 days)
Table 5. Grain yield and agronomic characteristics of forage sorghums
tested at AREC-Ona, 1987.
Harvest 1 Harvest 2
Grain
Brand Hybrid yield Height Height
lb/A ft ft
Agra Tech
Ala. Farmers Coop.
Asgrow
Conlee
Dekalb
Dekalb
Funks
Funks
George Warner
George Warner
Gro Agri
Gro Agri
Northrup King
Pioneer
Pioneer
Sunbelt
Summit
Triumph
Average
86 S
347
Titan R
Cow Vittles II
FS 25 E
FS 5
102 F
G 1990
Sweet Bee
2 Way
Growers 30 F
GSA 1586
367
923
947
555
HO-K
Super-sile 20
*Sterile line no grain.
5070
6250
4410
6040
5570
4000
3370
-+
3920
3970
5660
4600
8940
3980
2300
3550
3740
4090
4670
9.6
8.9
7.7
9.0
7.9
10.0
7.5
10.6
9.8
7.9
8.5
9.1
10.0
8.6
10.0
9.7
9.8
9.1
9.1
10.3
10.7
10.4
10.4
9.8
8.5
8.3
10.8
9.0
9.9
9.0
10.2
11.4
10.3
8.6
10.0
10.7
9.8
9.9
tOven dry (140 F) weights from a single replication.
Table 6. Dry matter
and 87.
yield of selected forage sorghums tested at AREC-Ona, 1983-85
Year Tested
Brand Hybrid 1983 1984 1985 1987 Avg.
---------------- t/A -------------------
Northrup King 367 16.3 11.6 10.4 18.2 14.1
Dekalb FS 25 E 12.7 13.2 12.3 13.4 12.9
Funks HW 5574 13.7 12.5 12.3 -- 12.8
Pioneer 947 10.2 7.5 -- 12.9 10.2
Asgrow Titan R 13.3 10.3 9.1 7.2 10.0
Pioneer 923 12.4 8.8 7.8 9.9 9.7
Fla. Feed & Seed Gator Chop 11.9 10.0 7.2 -- 9.7
McCurdy F 75 8.2 6.0 6.0 -- 6.7
Average t 12.2 9.5 8.5 11.5 10.4
tAverage for all hybrids tested that year.
Table 7. Dry matter silage yields of sorghum x sudangrass hybrids tested
at AREC-Ona, 1987.
Harvest Dates
7/16 9/14
Hybrid
11/19 Total
Cargill
Ala. Farmers Coop
George Warner
Northrup King
George Warner
Gro Agri
Sunbelt
Pennington
Conlee
Gro Agri
Agra Tech
Conlee
Funks
Triumph
Dekalb
Northrup King
Triumph
Asgrow
Funks
Helena
Sweet Sioux IV
Higrazer
Gro-N-Graze DR
Sordan 79
Sucrosse
Growers II A
357
Summergraze 3
Do Mor
GSA 1757
Hygrazer
Dine-A-Mite
83F
Sooner Sweet
SX-17
Sucro-Sorgo 405
Super Sweet 10
Grazer N-2
FP 4
Graze-N-Bale
Average
-t/A---------------
4.7ab 3.3ab 2.6a 1.6a-c 12.2a
4.6ab 3.2ab 2.4ab 1.9a 12.lab
4.7ab 3.0ab 2.3ab 1.8ab 11.9ab
4.5a-c 3.6a 2.2ab 1.6a-c 11.9ab
4.9a 3.2ab 2.lab 1.5a-d 11.7ab
4.4a-c 2.8ab 2.7a 1.8ab 11.7ab
4.5a-c 3.4ab 1.8ab 1.7ab 11.7a-c
4.1a-d 3.3ab 2.2ab 1.7ab 11.4a-c
4.4a-c 2.7ab 2.lab 1.8ab 1l.Oa-c
4.4a-c 3.2ab 1.9ab 1.4a-e 10.Oa-c
3.5b-d 3.0ab 2.3ab 1.7ab 10.6a-d
4.2a-c 3.lab 1.9ab 1.3a-e 10.5a-d
4.4a-c 3.0ab 1.6b 1.4a-e 10.5a-d
3.9a-d 3.0ab 1.9ab 1.6a-c 10.4a-d
4.7ab 2.9ab 1.6b 0.5f 9.7b-e
4.4a-c 2.5b 1.6b 0.8d-f 9.3c-e
4.0a-d 2.8ab 1.7ab 0.7ef 9.3c-e
3.6b-d 2.7ab 1.6b 1.3a-e 9.2c-e
3.3cd 2.6b 1.4b l.lb-f 8.3de
3.0d 1.7c 2.0ab 0.8c-f 7.6e
4.2 3.0 2.0 1.4 10.7
Means within a column followed by the same letters) are not significantly
different using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 0.05 level.
Test.
Date seeded: March 18, 1987
Seeding rate: 12 lb/A in 30 inch rows (thinned)
Fertilization:
A- -. *l A
At seeding 50 lb N/A
42 lbs P O /A
84 lbs K 07A
---- t1 0 "T ?
April 9 andu 2,
June 3 and 26,
July 27, Aug 26
and Oct 16
Herbicide:
Insecticide:
Irrigation:
Harvest dates:
50 lbs N/A
10 lbs P 0 /A
50 lbs K 2/A
None at seeding. Immediatley after harvests 1, 2 and 3 0.25 lb
ai/A of Gramoxone Super was broadcast sprayed over the stubble.
Furadan 10 G at 2 lb ai/A was applied in rows at seeding.
Applied 4.2 inches over 5 applications using an overhead
system from April 29 to June 10, 1987.
June 1 (75 days), July 16 (46 days), Sept. 14 (46 days)
Nov. 19 (66 days).
Brand
__~__
/
Table 8. Plant heights of sorghum x sudangrass hybrids harvested For silage
at AREC-Ona 1987.
Harvest Dates
Brand Hybrid June 1 July 16 Sept 14 Nov. 19
--------------------ft
Cargill
Ala Farmers Coop
George Warner
Northrup King
George Warner
Gro Agra
Sunbelt
Pennington
Conlee
Gro Agra
Agra Tech
Conlee
Funks
Triumph
Dekalb
Northrup King
Triumph
Asgrow
Funks
Helena
Sweet Sioux IV
Higrazer
Gro-N-Grazer Dr
Sordan 79
Sucrosse
Growers II A
357
Summergraze 3
Do Mor
GSA 1757
Hygrazer
Dine-A-Mite
87
Sooner Sweet
SX-17
Sucro-Sorgo 405
Supper Sweet 10
Grazer N-2
FP 4
Graze-N-Bale
Average 9.5 8.0 6.8 6.5
9.4
9.6
10.5
9.5
9.9
9.8
9.5
9.3
9.9
9.3
9.6
9.4
9.8
9.5
9.0
9.4
9.8
9.3
8.4
9.6
8.0
7.9
8.6
8.3
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.0.
7.8
7.7
8.3-
8.1
7.8
8.0
7.9
8.3
7.8
7.5
8.0
7.6
6.4
8.0
7.7
7.0
7.4
6.4
7.7
6.1
6.7
7.5
7.0
6.6
6.8
5.2
5.9
7.2
6.0
5.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.9
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.9
6.9
6.6
6.6
6.5
6.7
6.8
5.6
5.9
6.4
6.3
6.2
5.9
----------------------
Average
9.5 8.0
6.8 6.5
Table 9. Average dry matter silage yields of selected sorghum X sudangrass
hybrids tested at AREC-Ona, 1983-85 and 1987.
Years tested
Brand Hybrid 1983 1984 1985 1987 Avg.
---------------------t/A------------------
Dekalb SX-17 14.1 9.9 10.9 9.7 11.1
Northrup King Sordan 79 10.6 9.4 10.8 11.4 10.5
Pennington Summergraze 3 --- 8.4 8.6 11.4 9.5
George Warner Gro-N-Graze DR 10.3 10.4 11.0 11.9 10.9
Asgrow Grazer N-2 10.3 10.2 8.3 9.2 9.5
PAG Honey Chow 13.7 9.4 10.6 -- 11.2
Average1 10.5 9.4 10.5 10.7 10.3
tAverage for all hybrids tested that year.
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Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
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