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Group Title: Evaluation of commercial grain sorghum hybrids at Ona and Immokalee.
Title: Evaluation of commercial grain sorghum hybrids at Ona. 1982.
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075781/00002
 Material Information
Title: Evaluation of commercial grain sorghum hybrids at Ona. 1982.
Series Title: Evaluation of commercial grain sorghum hybrids at Ona and Immokalee.
Translated Title: Research Report - Ona ARC ; RC-1982-8 ( English )
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Kalmbacher, R. S.
Wright, D. L.
Martin, F. C.
Publisher: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. University of Florida.
Publication Date: 1982
 Subjects
Subject: Evaluation of Commercial Grains
Sorghum Hybrids at Ona
Spatial Coverage: North America -- United States -- Florida -- Ona
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00075781
Volume ID: VID00002
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 143662438

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Agricultural Research Center
Research Report RC-1982-8 December 1982


EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS
AT ONA, 1982

R.S. Kalmbacher, D.L. Wright and F.G. Martin-
Grain sorghums (milo) have the potential of producing 2 to 4 tons (60 to
120 bu/A) of grain per acre and may be harvested 110 to 120 days after seeding.
When comparing corn grown for grain with grain sorghums, south Florida research
has indicated that grain sorghums are better suited for grain production
because wet weather in late June and early July increases corn lodging, whereas
lodging would be less of a problem with the short, dwarf-type grain-sorghum
hybrids. Grain sorghum grown in the dry spring can tolerate lower soil moisture
levels than corn, and in the wet summer they can tolerate greater soil moisture
than corn. Grain sorghums will normally contain less grain moisture at harvest
than corn.
In order to determine adaptability and productivity of new grain sorghum
hybrids, which are constantly being released, it is necessary that these
hybrids be tested under south-central Florida conditions. The purpose of this
publication is to present comparative data on the various hybrids tested at
Ona. Where trade names are used, no discrimination or endorsement is intended.

Methods of Procedure
At the Ona Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 50 commercial grain sorghum
hybrids were seeded at 10 lb/A in a 30" row spacing on March 5, 1982. The
design of the experiment was a randomized, com Idf I nations.
Fertilizer rates were 50-50-100 lb/A of NP 05-K20, respect y, which
was broadcast and disked into the seedbed. Wh n sorin n e' %32 to 1 inches
tall (6 April), 80-40-40 Ib/A of N-P205-K2 0 wa; lied as a dry ferti izer
between the rows. When plants were 24 inches ."1Yf Frida I) b/A
was applied as a dry fertilizer. Total N-P205-K20 applied to the crop was
185-120-170 lb/A.


1/ Associate Agronomist, Agricultural Research Center, Ona; Extension
Agronomist, AREC Quincy; Associate Statistician, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida.








Weed control consisted of the application of AAtrex(R), pre-emergence
applied at 2.0 lb/A (active). When plants were 12 to 15 inches tall, there
was a post directed application of 0.25 lb/A (active) Paraquat(R)
At the time of seeding Furadan(R) 10 G was applied in the row at 2 lb/A
(active). This was primarily for mole cricket control. Sorghum was not
sprayed for midge (Contarinia sorghicola).
The experiment was irrigated by an over-head system, which applied a
total of 4.6 inches of water from 25 March to 21 May.

Results and Discussion
Grain sorghums were harvested on 21 June, which was 108 days after seeding.
There were significant differences in the oven-dry (140 F) grain yields which
averaged 4470 lb/A and ranged from 980 to 6920 Ib/A (Table 1). Better yielding
entries were GeorgeWarner 'W744 DR' (6920 Ib/A); Northrup King 'Savanna 5'
(6530 lb/A); Funks 'G 550' (6030 lb/A); Pennington 'Penngrain YE' (5950 lb/A)
and Chem-nut C + S 'GSA 1290' (5940 lb/A).
The five lowest yielding entries *ore poorly adapted entries. McCurdy
'M 637' and 'M 737' resulted in thin stand&,and no stand resulted in two and
three of the replications, respectively.
The agronomic characteristics of the 50 varieties are presented in table
2. The most important aspect was the very high rate of lodging encountered
in the 1982 growing season. In the past seven years lodging of grain sorghum
has been non-existant, but averaged 49% in 1982. This was because of the exces-
sive moisture in late May and June (21 inches in 35 days) and very strong
winds several days before harvest. Almost half of the entries had 50% or
more lodging, and in a commercial operation this would have meant a total
loss--unharvestable. Some varieties had excellent resistance to lodging.
Chem-nut C + S varieties were quite good: GSA 1180 (0%); GSA 1290 (1%);
GSA 1310 A (7%). Other entries with good standability were: George Warner
'W744 DR' (4%); Ring Around 'RA 747' (4%), Asgrow 'Topaz' (6%) and Paymaster
'GR 1138' (1%).
In spite of the wet conditions in June grain moisture was lower at harvest
in 1982 (Avg. 17%) (Table 2) than it had been in other years. Moisture in
the grain has normally averaged 23 to 26%. There was a great deal of variation
among the replications of the entries; consequently, there were no statistical
differences in grain moisture, which ranged from 12 to 23%.
All'varieties were harvested the day after lodging, but there was rapid
deterioration that occurred after lodging. Sprouting (germination) of the grain








in the head occurred within three days after lodging. The amount of shattering
increases when sprouting occurs. With continued rain every afternoon many of
the kernels even sprouted in those heads which remained standing. When
grain sorghum is mature, harvest must be timely and rapid to avoid crop loss.
Disease and bird damage were not considered to be a problem in the 1982
trial. There was also little insect damage to leaves, and no sorghum midge
damage was observed. Mold was found on many of the head:,and there was no
relationship between type of panicle (open vs. compact) anc degree of mold.
Although some varieties, such as George Warner 'W744 DR', had good
yields, good standability, etc. they have had only a single year's testing.
Becuase of the differences from year to year, it is necessary to examine the
results from several years before selecting a variety (Table 3). Northrup
King 'Savanna 5', Young, 'Oro-T-Xtra' and 'Oro-G-Xtra', and Coker '7723' have
proven to be among the better varieties for south Florida.

Conclusion
Significant differences were found in the yields and lodging resistance
of 50 grain sorghums tested at Ona ARC. Yield averaged 4470 lb/A of oven-dry
grain, and the grain had an average 17% moisture content at harvest. Lodging
ranged from 0 to 100%. Based on at least three years of test results, Northrup
King 'Savanna 5', Young 'Oro-T-Xtra'; 'Oro-G-Xtra' and Coker '7723' appear to
be better varieties for south Florida.







Table 1. Yield of grain sorghum hybrids grown at


Brand
George Warner
Northrup King
Funks
Pennington
Chem-nut C + S
Gold Kist
Pioneer
Hunt Terra
Coker
Pioneer
Texas Triumph
Paymaster
Ring Around
Taylor Evans
Fla Feed & Seed
Young
Cargill
Texas Triumph
Dekalb
Pioneer
Hunt Terra
Hunt Terra
McCurdy
Northrup King
Chem-nut C + S
George Warner
Funks
Ring Around
Coker
McCurdy
George Warner
Cargill
Chem-nut C + S
Chem-nut C + S
Ring Around
Young
McCurdy
Coker
Gold Kist
Paymaster
Young
Asgrow
Paymaster
Dekalb
Gold Kist
Taylor Evans
Hunt Terra
Asgrow
McCurdy
McCurdy
average


Hybrid
W 744 DR
Savanna 5
G 550
Penngrain YE
GSA 1290
GK 802 G
8303
HT 45 G
7723
8311
Two 80 D
DR 1125
RA 747
Dinero
Gator Grain A
Oro-G-Xtra
60
Two 70 D
DK 64
8515
HT 128 GDR
HT 126 BR
X 990
2640
GSA 1334 BR
W 839 DR
G 522 DR
RA 808 GB
7675
M 57 YG
W 851 DR
70
GSA 1310 A
GSA 1180
RA 787
Oro-Double-Xtra
C 228 Y
7737
GK 712 G
R 1090
Oro-T-Xtra
Topaz
GR 1138
DK 64 A
GK 552 G
Y 101 R
HT 45 G
Corral
M 637
M 737


Ona ARC: 1982.

Yield
692() a*
6530 ab
6030 abc
5950 abc
5940 abc
5940 abc
5800 a-d
5560 a-e
5540 a-e
5520 a-e
5490 a-f
5370 a-f
5250 a-g
5200 a-h
5180 a-h
5170 a-h
5130 a-h
4920 b-i
4850 b-i
4760 b-i
4740 b-i
4710 b-i
4710 b-i
4620 b-j
4590 b-j
4570 b-j
4540 c-j
4540 c-j
5310 c-j
4310 c-j
4280 c-j
4280 c-j
4230 c-j
4190 c-j
4180 c-j
4050 c-j
3950 d-j
3940 d-j
3810 e-j
3700 e-j
3630 e-j
3520 f-k
3570 h-k
3230 i-k
3030 j-1
2720 j-1
2700 j-1
1580 kl
1560 kl
980 1
4470








Table 1 cont.

t Grain yields reported at oven-dry (140 F)

* Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Duncan's
LSD, K=100)

Date seeded: 5 March, 1982

Seeding rate: 10 lb/A

Row spacing: 30"

Fertilization 1) at seeding: 50-50-100 lb/A (N-P 2O-K O)
2) when plants 12 to 15" tall (4-6-82) 80-40-40 lb/A
3) when plants 24 to 28" tall (4-29-82) 55-30-30 lb/A
total N-P205-K20 applied was 185-120-170 lb/A

Herbicide: Pre-emergence application of atrazine at 2 lb/A (active). When
plants were 12 to 15" talT,post directed application of paraquat
at 0.25 Ib/A (active).

Insecticide: Furadan 10 G applied in the row at 2 Ib/A (active) at seeding.

Irrigation: Over-head system applying 4.6" total from 25 March to 21 May
(5 applications)

Harvest date: 21 June 1982 (108-day growing season)








Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of grain sorghum grown at the Ona ARC, 1982.


Brand


Hybrid


George Warner
Northrup King
Funks
Pennington
Chem-nut C + S
Gold Kist
Pioneer
Hunt Terra
Coker
Pioneer
Texas Triumph
Paymaster
Ring Around
Taylor Evans
Fla Feed & Seed
Young
Cargill
Texas Triumph
Dekalb
Pioneer
Hunt Terra
Hunt Terra
McCurdy
Northrup King
Chem-nut C + S
George Warner
Funks
Ring Around
Coker
McCurdy
George Warner
Cargill
Chem-nut C + S
Chem-nut C + S
Ring Around
Young
McCurdy
Coker
Gold Kist
Paymaster
Young
Asgrow
Paymaster
Dekalb
Gold Kist
Taylor Evans
Hunt Terra
Asgrow
McCurdy
McCurdy
average


W 744 DR
Savanna 5
G 550
Penngrain YE
GSA 1290
GK 802 G
8303
HT 45 G
7723
8311
Two 80 D
DR 1125
RA 747
Dinero
Gator Grain A
Oro-G-Xtra
60
Two 70 D
DK 64
8515
HT 128 GDR
HT 126 BR
X 990
2670
GSA 1334 BR
W 839 DR
G 522 DR
RA 808 GB
7675
M 57 YG
W 851 DR
70
GSA 1310 A
GSA 1180
RA 787
Oro-Double-Xtra
C 228 Y
7737
GK 712 G
R 1090
Oro-T-Xtra
Topaz
GR 1138
DK 64 A
GK 552 G
Y 101 R
HT 45 G
Corral
M 637
M 737


--


Height
inches
55
62
51
52
49
57
53
58
52
52
48
38
56
51
55
49
49
51
59
50
49
51
52

52
52
50
53
48
52
52
48
48
54
48
50
58
56
49
50
57
48
45
53
57
51
48
34
29
24
50


Lodging Grain Moisture

4 12
25 20
49 18
30 13
1 17
18 17
82 19
8 16
98 17
49 12
72 16
17 13
4 13
74 15
81 18
99 17
14 13
49 18
99 18
57 17
99 14
14 16
53 17
100 21
72 17
47 16
34 15
36 22
80 19
96 21
66 15
37 16
7. 19
0 14
58 21
34 16
85 20
88 17
12 16
91 18
98 21
6 14
1 16
100 17
38 15
72 14
14 12
42 23
14 17
33 17
49 17







Table 3 Average grain sorghum yields from hybrids grown at the Ona ARC:
1978-1982.


Brand


Grown for 5 years:


Northrup King
Young
Fla Feed & Seed
average


Hybrid


1978-1982


Savanna 5
Oro-T-Xtra
Gator Grain A


Year
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Avg.
--------- b/At


5400
5800
5080
5430


Grown for 4 years 1979-1982
Coker 7723
Northrup King 2670
Coker 7675
Pioneer 8311
Funks G-522-DR
average

Grown for 3 years 1980-1982


Young
Ring Around
Dekalb
Funks
Asgrow
average

Grown for 2 years
McCurdy
Pennington
McCurdy
Asgrow
average


9620
8860
6400
8290


9400
8510
8600
6760
7440
8140


Oro-G-Xtra
RA 787
DK 64
G 550
Topaz


1981-1982
C 228 Y
Penngrain YE
M 57 YG
Corral


6690
7210
5610
6500


5930
7620
5530
6100
5110
5880


6640
6030
6490
5820
5540
6100


7320
7060
6420
6930


6240
4962
4440
3700
2920
4450


6270
5420
4670
3520
4890
4950


6620
3590
5190
4660
5020


6920
3630
5180
5240


5540
4620
4310
5520
4540
4900


5170
4180
4860
6030
6030
4750


3950
5950
4310
1580
3950


Seeding dates: 3-20-78; 3-7-79; 3-6-80; 3-10-81;

t Grain yields reported at oven-dry (140 F)


3-5-82.


7190
6510
5730
6480


6780
6200
5720
5520
5000
5840


6030
5210
5340
5120
5120
5360


5290
4770
4750
3120
4480









HISTORIC NOTE


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or recommendations. These texts
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Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
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