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Historic note | |
Front Cover | |
Foreword | |
Improving farm income | |
Home economics | |
Youth programs | |
Financial report | |
Planned and expended time by program... | |
Program summaries | |
Faculty list | |
Back Cover |
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Historic note
Unnumbered ( 1 ) Front Cover Front Cover 1 Page 1 Foreword Page 2 Page 3 Improving farm income Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Home economics Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Youth programs Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Financial report Page 38 Planned and expended time by program area Page 39 Program summaries Page 40 Page 41 Faculty list Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Back Cover Page 46 Page 47 |
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HISTORIC NOTE The publications in this collection do not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. These texts represent the historic publishing record of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and should be used only to trace the historic work of the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS research may be found on the Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) site maintained by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Copyright 2005, Board of Trustees, University of Florida 1973 Annual Report 1973 Annual Report INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE Foreword Florida's first industry is agriculture-an esti- mated $10 billion-a-year business. Nationally, Flor- ida ranks 12th in agricultural production and is the fastest growing agricultural state. Relevant Extension agricultural programs, therefore, are es- sential to the well-being of the state. These programs support balanced growth- agricultural development in an increasingly urban- ized state. Extension agricultural programs assist the urban homeowner in maintaining attractive homegrounds, the local government official in making decisions concerning disposal of city waste, the fisherman in increasing efficiency, and many other individuals outside the traditional agricul- tural economy. Within commercial agriculture, Extension pro- grams emphasize assistance not only to the larger producer but also to the low-income farmer. In all programs environmental quality is of prime con- sideration. Another of Extension's major objec- tives is to help the local population develop a com- munity to suit their own needs. Extension agri- cultural programs, therefore, concentrate on com- mercial agriculture (including marine production and low-income farmers), environmental quality and community development. Extension agricultural program accomplish- ments were numerous in 1973. Among the major achievements were those reported by subject- matter area on the following pages. IMPROVING FARM INCOME I~ L '- ,- -i .'- AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING During 1973 greater emphasis than in past years was given to on-farm drying and storage of grain and seed crops. The unusually high prices received for soybeans and corn made many pro- ducers aware of the economic advantage they have if facilities are available that allow them to hold their crops rather than sell at harvest. There also was increased interest in the pro- duction of silage, particularly by dairymen. Many livestock producers are constructing new facilities or remodeling old ones to make them more effi- cient and to accommodate labor-saving machinery and equipment. The energy crisis became a reality in 1973. The Agricultural Engineering Extension Department published 16 Extension Information Sheets on energy conservation. Florida has more than 1.8 million acres subject to irrigation. This irrigation requires about 1.65 million horsepower. Considering the different kinds of irrigation systems, the power each requires and annual operating hours for each plus the power for drainage, the annual energy requirements for irrigation and drainage are about 50 million gallons of liquid petroleum fuel and about 350 million KWH of electrical energy. Therefore, conservation of energy in operating irrigation systems is being emphasized by Exten- sion agricultural engineers. For example, operating an irrigation system at night, rather than daytime hours, can save as much as 25 percent in water dis- charged for plant needs. Or a 40-acre citrus grove using a permanent system requires about 530 acre-inches of supplemental irrigation annually; by pumping at night and eliminating evaporation and wind-drift losses, this demand could be reduced to 400 acre-inches on an annual basis. The result would be an energy savings of about $160 per year, or $4/acre/year. Drip irrigation also can save on energy and water. The horsepower required to operate a drip irrigation system may be only one-eighth that re- quired to operate a permanent overhead type sys- tem. This is because only a percentage of the area is irrigated and the operating pressure required is about one-fourth that needed for permanent sys- tems. Total water applied in drip systems is about 30-50 percent of that applied through permanent systems. Special emphasis was placed on informing agri- cultural leaders about the Occupational Safety and Agricultural engineers modified a general purpose boom sprayer, which is usually power-take-off driven, so that it could be hydrau- lically driven by a tobacco harvester's hydraulic system. This mod- ification made it possible to spray the tobacco crop with the har- vester-sprayer unit, a job normally requiring a high clearance sprayer costing $6,000 to $7,000. The hydraulically driven sprayer cost about $1,100. Health Act (OSHA). Three issues of the Extension Safety Newsletter were prepared bringing timely information about OSHA and other safety subjects to county and state Extension personnel. A training program was developed for women leaders on Car Care and Safety or What Every Woman Should Know About a Car. Eighteen workshops were conducted in 15 counties assisting 600 leaders. Instruction included financing (bank- ers), insurance (insurance representative) and prin- ciples of auto engines (agricultural engineer). Each participant learned by doing simple preventive maintenance tasks. These workshops produced safer auto operators who are less likely to have breakdowns or to be deceived. For the 17th year special training was given adult and youth leaders in electricity, automotive and safety at the 4-H Watts & Wheels Camp. In- structors were from the rural electric cooperatives, Florida Farm Bureau and the University of Flor- ida. This year 134 people from 16 counties partici- pated. One highlight of classes was the use of mini- bikes to teach safe operation of these vehicles. During recreation time the bikes were available for supervised use by the campers. Sponsors of this special camp are the Florida Electric Coopera- tives Association and the Florida Farm Bureau. Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 set in motion implementation of a nationwide permit system which ultimately - . will affect most agricultural producers. During 1973 the Environmental Protection Agency com- piled information leading to the establishment of pollution control guidelines for many industries, including animal production. It became evident that containment and landspreading of animal waste was to be a recommended control. Extension programs have kept producers informed of these developments. And demonstrations have been laid out to show dairy, swine and beef producers ways to manage wastes efficiently and legally. These demonstration systems include laborsaving flush facilities and lagoons. Both federal and state goals to reduce pollu- tant discharge to surface waters have caused in- creased interest in landspreading treated sewage for recycling and renovation. Extension and research faculty have led in organizing workshops to provide professional engineers with knowledge of soil and plant capabilities as components in waste treat- ment systems. Individual consultation also has been provided to assist in establishing demonstra- tion projects at key locations in the state. AGRONOMY In 1973 agronomic crops continued to play an increasingly important role in Florida's agricul- ture. Production of corn, soybeans, peanuts and sugarcane was greater in 1973 than in 1972 and farmers received higher prices for most crops. Be- cause of increased prices for cattle, the value of forage was greatly enhanced and ranchers became more aware of the need for high quality feed. The high cost of grain and protein feeds for livestock also caused many cattlemen to look to the less ex- pensive forages as a means of maintaining a profit- able operation. Accurate and timely information was presented by all available means to a high percentage of growers either directly or through county Exten- sion offices. Agronomists participated in meetings that presented complete and detailed information such as cow-calf clinics, crop production short courses and other training sessions. Shorter meet- ings were used to update farmers on recent changes in crop production practices. Radio and television were valuable in presenting information on specific subjects. The trend in agronomic publications has been to releases that cover a specific item and can be easily revised periodically, for example, one on Agronomy specialists utilize field days at Agricultural Research Centers to demonstrate recommended production practices. corn variety recommendations. Other publications include crop production guides and articles in commercial periodicals. New and useful information is the lifeblood of Extension agricultural programs. Extension agron- omists participated in the development of such in- formation through research plots. Many of the weed control recommendations, that are as up to date as possible, were based on trials conducted at IFAS Agricultural Research Centers and in producers' fields. Cooperative trials among Exten- sion specialists, research workers and farmers have made Florida one of the first states to have recommendations for nematicides on field corn. And the use of applied research has enabled the Extension agronomist to broaden his role from that of strictly a messenger to that of developer of information for Extension recommendations. ANIMAL SCIENCE Beef Cattle Selection of new herd sires is one of the most important tasks the producer has in trying to im- prove the production of his herd. Finding quality production-tested bulls has been a problem. To help alleviate this problem and to provide Florida cattlemen an opportunity to test bulls in a uniform environment, a central bull test was conducted at Lykes Brothers' Feedlot, Brooksville. Bulls were fed and managed so that genetic differences in ability to grow and gain were demonstrated, but so that they did not become too fat to be used in a breeding herd following a short adjustment period. Four breeders participated in the initial test. A central bull test provides ani opportunity for small breeders who cannot afford the investment in facilities for an "on the farm test" to obtain post-wean performance data on their bulls. It has been estimated that this test will enable producers of a small quantity of quality bulls will be able to increase their income by $500 per bull. In the continuing program to improve the weaning weight and quality of' Florida calves through production testing, 13 new ranches started keeping records this past year. Weaning data was processed on a total of 10,507 calves and post-wean performance information was processed on 502 head. Five Cow-Calf Clinics attended by 750 cattle- men were held on an area basis at Ocala, Palatka, Madison, Marianna and Crestview. Several cattle- men's schools also were held on an area and county basis. The Annual Beef Cattle Short Course was held at the University of Florida on May 3, 4 and 5, 1973. This event was attended by more than 800 cattlemen. More than 1,500 4-H Club members are en- rolled in Beef Projects. These projects include market steer, beef breeding and commercial steer. Horses Racing horses continue to be a leading money- earning segment of the Florida horse industry with an estimated impact of $25 million. Florida thor- oughbreds at public auctions set new sale records this past year. For example, the average price at the Florida Breeders Sale of two-year-olds was $18,549 in 1973 compared to $14,073 in 1972, an increase of 23 percent. Other breeds of horses also have shown increased sale prices. These increased sale prices produce greater farm income and tax returns to the state, making raising horses an even more important industry. Export sales continue to provide a significant market for Florida horses. Last year 844 head, valued at $3,376,000, were shipped to Central and South America, Canada, Europe and Japan. The State 4-H Horse Program continues to grow with participants in the state show increasing from 145 last year to 182 in 1973. There also was increased participation in other phases of the 4-H horse program, except camps where participation was down because facilities were limited to one camp in west Florida. Horse program participants who earned the highest point total at the state show in Ocala, finished a busy summer with a successful trip to the Southeast Regional Championship 4-H Horse Show and Contests in Dallas, Texas. And the judging team from Broward County earned the opportunity to attend by winning the State 4-H Horse Judging Contest. Participants in Horse Demonstrations (team and individual) and Horse Public Speaking won their respective events at the State Congress in July. The Florida team placed 9th out of 19 teams in Horse Judging, and 5th in Horse Demonstration. In the individual contests, Floridians placed 6th in Public Speaking and 4th in Individual Horse Dem- onstration. In the open contests Florida was well repre- sented, placing 5th in Public Speaking and 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th in Individual Demonstrations. Florida also had the 6th place Open Team Demon- stration and 3rd place Open Horse Judging team. In the Championship Horse Show, Florida con- tinued a winning performance started in 1972 by taking 76 ribbons or trophies. In addition, Gayle Cooper from Bay County won the English High Point Saddle for the second year in a row. Martha Turner of Bay County was runner-up. Meats Grading When beef "yield grading," a cutability specifi- cation, was initiated by the USDA in 1963 on a voluntary basis, Florida packers became partici- pants. This grading was in addition to grading for eating quality as U.S. Prime, U.S. Choice, U.S. Good, and U.S. Standard. In 1973, 122,980 car- casses were graded in Florida for eating quality and 34,775 carcasses were graded for "cutability"- yield of boneless beef in the round, loin, rib and chuck. The total cattle slaughter at Florida plants grading beef was 265,798 carcasses. These numbers were estimated from data calculated for a four week period before January 1974. This increase is significant because cutability grading started from "scratch" and today accounts for more than 28 percent of the Florida cattle slaughter presented for grading. Yield grading benefits producer, meat packer and consumer in that it identifies and encourages meatier beef and beef cuts. A continuous effort by Animal Science Extension and Research personnel have attained these results. Some of the data for proving the yield grade system was developed in Florida by the University Meats Group before 1963. Since the early 1960's, the Extension Meat Specialist and Animal Science Extension Livestock Specialist have conducted tours on yield grading, short courses and workshops for producers, packers and retailers. And 11 On Foot Beef Carcass Eval- uation Contests and Beef Carcass Contests are held annually with county Extension personnel, Vocational Agriculture teachers and 4-H and FFA youth participating. Florida meat retailers, quantity food service supervisors, some restaurants and some consumers now use yield grading as a definite specification for selecting and buying beef. Swine Production Improvement through selection has been given an added dimension by producers' use of the Flor- ida Swine Evaluation Center. The selection by eye method has been improved upon by Florida swine producers through use of information de- rived from testing at the Swine Evaluation Center. Animals placed on test by producers have shown continuous improvement since the beginning of the testing program in 1965. During that year's period a 96.1 pig index score was average compared to 140 in 1973. Red meat compared to fat in the animals has improved by 6.68 percent, a result produced with 22 lbs. less feed per 100 lb. gain. Because feed cost has increased rapidly during the past year, the savings in feed, combined with improvement of marketable meat, has allowed many producers who identified these strains within their herds to remain in business. A problem causing reduced gains and death in many swine herds in the state has been identified by the Swine Extension Specialist and the Veteri- nary Science Department as one produced by moldy feed. Through meetings and individual con- tacts, preventive measures have begun; however, the problem will remain under constant surveil- lance. SSwine projects carried on by 4-H Club members were completed for the Annual State Swine Show in Tallahassee in November. More than 50 head of outstanding market pigs were shown, displaying the highest quality and numbers of any State Swine Show in several years. The keen competi- tion in showmanship by the participating 4-H'ers indicated the time and effort they had given to their projects. Marion County won the 4-H State Judging Contest at the State Fair in February 1973. Twenty-four counties participated in the event which capped training in the art of livestock judg- ing for several hundred youth throughout the state. DAIRY SCIENCE The Florida Dairy industry experienced many ups and downs during 1973. The year started with a rapid acceleration of feed prices in the feed in- gredient market that placed dairymen in an un- profitable situation. Many dairymen, unable to cope with the situation, dispersed their herds. The net- result at the end of 1973 showed 23 fewer dairies-a new low of 437 dairies compared to 460 dairies at the beginning of the year. Although cow numbers decreased during early 1973, a recovery was made the last six months giving an average of 203,000 cows, a new high. The recovery in cow numbers was produced by an increase in milk prices to dairymen. To correct the situation, considerable work was required on the part of many people in the dairy industry. The Extension Dairyman, with certain staff members in the Food and Resource Economics Department, cooperated with the three major Florida Milk Mar- keting Cooperatives in arriving at a milk price rela- tive to that received in early 1972. A formula was developed, based on changes in the feed ingredient market and in the industrial price index. The in- formation the formula provided helped in negotiat- ing new contracts and arriving at a fair market price for milk each month. A manager participation training program was initiated during 1973 to increase the effectiveness of Florida dairy managers in working with people. The material prepared for presentation at the sessions around the state during the next two years should help managers and/or owners better under- stand how to work effectively with people and how to cope better with labor problems in months ahead. Managers will be provided with the results of many studies and successful principles of human relations that have been demonstrated to be true and effective most of the time. Factors will be dis- cussed that are useful in motivating dairy em- ployees and changing their attitudes from dismal to optimistic. Such an educational program would result in a more stable labor situation and an in- crease of perhaps 25 percent in net profit by dairy- men introducing better management techniques through greater motivational programs. During the year major emphasis was placed on improving organizational structure of state DHI associations. Considerable time was spent in con- sultation with county Extension agents and local DHIA officers on improving member participation in association activities. Marked success has been achieved in five of the 10 local DHIA's in that major responsibility for business associations is being assumed by association members rather than Extension personnel. Information. derived from DHI records con- tinues to aid in on-farm management decisions; Dairymen enrolled in DHI programs are making use of their records in improved performance 'ef- ficiency of reproduction, milk production, feed ef- ficiency, animal identification and other manage- ment areas. In 1973 herds on DHI averaged 1400 pounds of milk more per cow than did non-DHI herds-an economic advantage of about $137 per cow. Information for selecting artificial insemination (AI) sires was made available through county Ex- tension personnel in January and -May, 1973. These listings contained the latest production in- formation on daughters of dairy'sires available in Florida through AI. These sire proofs give dairy- men accurate means of evaluating the genetic worth' of AI dairy sites. Since the information is tabulated by the Dairy Cattle Research Branch of USDA from DHI records, it is unbiased. An extensive effort has been initiated to con- tinually 'evaluate. quality of pasteurized milk in the northeast Florida area. This program has received enthusiastic support and cooperation from the Florida dairy industry. Each of 10 Florida dairy processors submit one sample ofminilk per month to university personnel. Each sample is examined for flavor quality and shelf-life. The information ob- tained from this program helps insure a better product for consumers by keeping processors in- formed of product quality. This program has en- abled the Extension Dairy Technologist to help a dairy processor solve a product shelf-life problem, saving the processor several thousand dollars. The Extension technologist, in cooperation with Mary Harrison, Consumer Education Special- ist, has completed a survey determining consumer knowledge of Florida's open dating law and milk handling practices. Nearly all respondents to the survey believe milk and other dairy products should be open dated. However, less than half knew that dairy products were already open dated and even fewer knew the meaning of the date. The survey clearly defined areas in need of educational programs. Less than half the respondents knew the proper refrigeration temperature for dairy prod- ucts. However, most reported they seldom had problems with milk spoilage. The study of bulk milk transport washing capa- bilities, effectiveness and cost has been initiatedin cooperation with the Florida Department of Agri- culture (Dairy Division), Florida Department of Health, T. G. Lee Dairy and the University of Florida. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of various cleaning systems by a comparison of the physical cleanliness,- water usage, detergent costs and waste disposal of each system. It is anticipated. that this study will be completed before. August, 1974. The information from the study will be a valuable asset to dairy processors in the economics of bulk transport washing. ENTOMOLOGY AND NEMATOLOGY Commercial Agriculture A Citrus Pest Management Project, supported by funds from the Extension Service and the Ani- mal and Plant Health Inspection Service of USDA, was initiated during 1973. The major objective of this project is to apply the least number of pesti- cide applications that is consistent with sound, economical pest control. The accomplishment of this objective should result in minimum environ- mental pollution and lower cost pest control to the producer. A Pest Management Specialist and four Survey Monitors have been employed. The Pest Manage- ment Specialist, cooperating with entomologists associated with the previous IFAS econological re- search survey, county, area and state Extension personnel, and members of the Program Steering Committee have selected demonstration groves to be included in the program. Selection of the proper grove is a very important process because groves must have specific characteristics and the owner must have an appreciation of the purpose of and a willingness to commit his grove to the program. Each grower is asked to furnish two 10-acre blocks with as many characteristics common to both blocks as possible. One block is to be used to moni- tor various pest populations under the grower pest control program. The second block will be moni- tored on a regular basis and receive control rec- ommendations according to information based on scouting reports. By the end of 1973, 22 of the pro- posed 30 groves had been selected. All of the pest survey monitors now employed are generally familiar with citrus production. How- ever, each must learn the exact procedures and techniques required to monitor pests in the demon- stration groves. The Pest Management Specialist has been training these four people so that each monitor can learn to independently monitor the demonstration groves. Training has been proceed- ing well and will continue as other pests begin to influence the eco-system of the groves. The 22 demonstration groves were brought into the management program as they were selected. Formal pest surveys in the groves have been initi- ated. Surveys have been done at two-week inter- vals. Because of the time of the year and signifi- cance of pests at this time, only citrus rust mites have required surveying at present. Later other insects, mites, pathogens, diseases, weeds and nem- atodes will be monitored. The survey data are recorded on field cards in the groves, transferred to permanent record books in the laboratory, graphically recorded on charts, arid provided to growers as soon as possible, usu- ally less than a week after collection. If the grove data indicates any pest control decisions, plans for execution are discussed with the owner. The survey program was initiated late in the calendar year when the 1973-74 crop was essen- tially mature. Therefore, the impact of pests on the yield and fruit quality virtually was passed and was not considered in the 1973 project evalua- tion. Emphasis in 1973 was on keeping Florida the number one honey-producing state in the U. S. The importance of pollination and the honeybee to our environment was promoted from 4-H youth to commercial producers. The "Hum of the Hive" was reinstated in January 1973 and has been pub- lished bimonthly since that time. The Annual Bee- keepers' Institute helped to supplement one of Ex- tension's major goals: to promote better beekeep- ing through unity and cooperation of all facets of the industry. Work continued in vegetables and sub-tropical insect control. Several meetings were held at which up-to-date insecticidal recommendations were made and proper usages, safety precautions and changes in current pesticidal laws were dis- cussed. Extension nematologists presented 25 major talks and prepared 16 publications on nematode control in commercial agriculture. They conducted on-farm demonstrations for nematode control on field corn and peanuts, with special emphasis on control on field corn. They prepared one publica- tion and held special meetings to inform growers and agents of the serious nematode problems on corn. Approximately 1500 soil samples were ana- lyzed for nematodes. Community Resource Development Extension specialists gave 11 major talks on nematode control. They held four regional training meetings for nurserymen and garden supply dealers in cooperation with the Florida Seedsman and Garden Supply Association. These meetings in- cluded nematode and insect control information for the home gardener. And approximately 2300 soil samples were assayed for nematodes for home gardeners. Entomology specialists initiated and organized the second biennial Pest Control Short Course for state agency personnel. About 35 pest control and grounds maintenance supervisors attended, repre- senting the state hospitals, training schools, pris- ons, parks and junior colleges. Topics included plant diseases, nematodes, insects, rodents and non-pest problems associated with turf and orna- mental plants. Environmental Quality Project Safeguard was conducted in 26 north Florida counties during 1973. This cooperative EPA/ES project was designed to educate small farmers and other agriculturally related persons of the importance of safety in using the highly toxic substitutes for DDT. Extension Agents were re- sponsible for a concentrated effort to reach these producers directly, through personal contacts, meeting, and mass media. Contacts during the six-month period included 11,054 farmers; 200 4-H clubs; 64 Department of Agriculture county repre- sentatives; 102 vocational agriculture teachers; 108 pesticide manufacturers and formulators; 99 health and veterinary officials; 27 newspapers; 46 radio stations; and nine television stations. More than 53,000 copies of posters, booklets, fact sheets, letter stuffers, radio and TV spots and other pesti- cide safety materials were transmitted to pesticide users. Project Safeguard resulted in greater safety awareness among pesticide users. Project evalua- tion indicated a need for a concentrated ongoing pesticide safety program such as is emphasized al- ways in Entomology and Nematology programs. FOOD AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS Marketing Extension economists in the Food and Re- source Economics Department conduct a variety of educational programs in marketing with indi- vidual producers and firms and many groups and organizations in the state. Programs and materials during 1973 helped producers and producer groups with decisions, assisted marketing firms and or- ganizations and consumers as well. Outlook information was emphasized in Exten- sion marketing programs during 1973. The behav- ior of agricultural product and input markets last year caused producers and marketing firms to be unusually concerned with outlook and market in- telligence. Outlook materials were developed and distrib- uted to counties by Extension marketing special- ists. The Southern Outlook Conference in October was an important source of information for those materials which were summarized and adapted for Florida conditions. The National Outlook Con- ference in December provided additional materials and updated reports. Availability and expected prices for fuels, ferti- lizer and other inputs affected by the energy situ- ation were emphasized in outlook materials. Out- look information was distributed through mailings to county offices, industry field days and meetings and articles in popular periodicals. Extension economists worked with producers in other marketing efforts. Basic market factors and price determinants helped beef producers to understand beef markets better. Producers partici- pating in the marketing session of a four-part workshop indicated greater understanding of price behavior and seasonal price patterns. Several stated they intended to adjust their marketing pro- grams to take greater advantage of price trends and patterns. Many producer marketing problems require group action to improve individual producer posi- tions. To this end Extension economists worked with vegetable producers, flower growers and com- mercial fishermen. Extension economists and county personnel worked with a North Florida vegetable marketing cooperative in financial analysis and management. This cooperative has grown from an original capi- tal of $2,200 to its present ability to buy a packing facility and more than $100,000 in new equipment. Cooperative members have been able to realize greater incomes and more reliable marketing by having the cooperative packing facilities with com- petent management. Educational work in improving marketing of cut flowers through technical developments and a marketing cooperative was begun in one county. Extension economists and county personnel started educational programs with flower growers to help them understand the requirements for and possible gains from a cooperative. A similar explanation of factors associated with forming a marketing co- operative was given to commercial fishermen in a coastal county. Cooperative organization and the agricultural credit system were meeting topics dis- cussed by a faculty member of the Food and Re- source Economics Department. Through a management audit program with agri-business firms, Extension economists identify strengths and shortcomings in key managerial areas, recommend specific improvements and pro- vide information on management functions and responsibilities. Aided by county Extension per- sonnel, Extension economists conducted an in- depth management audit of a leading citrus co- operative in 1973. This firm, one of the oldest citrus cooperatives in Florida, has more than 325 members with citrus groves in seven counties. The audit team identified important trends in Central Florida and the citrus industry which will affect the cooperative's future operations. Area urban and recreational developments and escala- ing land values have caused large acreages of citrus grove to be removed from production. The coop- erative needs long range planning to assure future fruit supplies. In addition, the steadily declining supply of citrus labor will require major decisions and adjustments. Internal factors affecting the cooperative also were identified by the audit team. Many members and directors are relatively old and their participa- tion, as well as membership and grove holdings, may decline. A high percentage of key employees is nearing retirement age and will be difficult to re- place. Attracting capable younger employees to citrus organizations is becoming difficult and a common problem in most agricultural operations. Key managerial functions and grove production practices were also studied and recommendations were made where appropriate. Economists isolated the problem of coordinating the activities of the major departments as it relates to the flow of fruit from grove to market. The findings of the management audit team were presented to the Board of Directors and man- agement. Many of their recommendations already have been implemented. A special board committee has been formed to review the audit, report in de- tail and coordinate the implementation of the rec- ommendations. A long-run planning committee has been formed to give the cooperative guidance as conditions change in the industry. Increased com- munication has been observed between members of the management staff in an attempt to smooth the flow of the fruit. An innovative feature has been introduced to this management audit-provision for a follow-up study in one to two years. This work will identify and measure what changes have been made in the cooperative's organization and functions and how they have affected cooperative and member wel- fare. Some members of the Extension audit team will work with cooperative management in specific areas on a continuing basis during the period be- fore the follow-up study. In recent years, the meat packing industry has been subject to several regulatory decisions that placed severe strains on the ability of small local packing firms to continue operations. Some of these new regulations pertain to humane methods of killing, separate killing and processing areas for each different species, new sanitation standards, and tight environmental protection programs. Many local meat packers and processors hhve closed their plants because of the inability to ad- just. Some packers still in business are making capital investments in waste handling facilities that exceed the original investment in their meat packing plants. Few managers of local meat packing plants have adequate understanding of expense alloca- tions or of productivity standards to cope with the new and higher levels of operating costs that confront them. Extension marketing specialists or- ganized and conducted three programs for meat packer management during the past year. These programs centered on management information systems, productivity evaluation, direct costing of different products and management by objectives. The educational programs for management of meat packing firms have been well received by people in the meat industry. However, some of the concepts are new to operators who are accustomed to managing on an informal basis, using past ex- perience and rules of thumb. It will take time for some of these new concepts to be implemented and to produce profitable results. A continued cost- profit squeeze generated in part by the 1973 price ceilings on meat has further emphasized the im- portance of sound management. In July 1972, the USDA introduced "Project Consumer Concern," a joint program also spon- sored by industry groups and state Extension Services. The objectives of the program are to pro- duce improvements in food handling, storage and distribution to insure safe and wholesome food for consumers. Extension marketing specialists organized and helped conduct two food safety and sanitation programs for operators of independent food stores in Florida in 1973. Topics included food safety problems, microbiology and food borne diseases, total store sanitation, and a proven sanitation pro- gram for supermarkets. This food safety and sanitation program was given special recognition by the Extension Service, USDA, and a report describing the event was dis- tributed nationally. Farm Management During 1973, dairymen were the victims of a shortage of feed ingredients that resulted in soy- bean meal prices increasing more than 300 percent. Corn prices advanced more than 50 percent in the same period. Florida dairymen could go out of business, save money on feed, and/or receive a higher price for their milk. Those who wanted to stay in business needed a powerful tool to help them save on feed costs. The Food and Resource Economics Depart- ment developed a cost-saving program that is "as practical as a pair of pliers," as one dairyman phrased it. It not only computes least-cost rations, but also determines how much feed should be fed to groups of cows with different producing abilities. Currently, it is saving users from 10 to 20 percent on their feed bills. Since Florida dairymen spend at least $50 million on feed annually, 10 percent savings on this would be $5 million. Thus, if only one percent of Florida dairymen use the program, they will save $50,000. In addition, farm management specialists de- veloped a milk pricing formula with which Florida Dairymen now price their milk. This approach led to a $1 per hundredweight milk price increase re- ceived by farmers. Florida sold 1.867 billion pounds of milk last year. However, the increased revenue is not a simple multiple of production times $1 because the Federal Milk Order price (the old price determinant) also increased last year. But our pricing formula has led to directly in- creased incomes-probably by at least a million dollars during 1973. Farm management work is not restricted to land based "crops." Mullet fishermen also bene- fited from economists' labors. Adequate financing was difficult for mullet fishermen to obtain, so an Area Economist developed cost and return data for the fishermen's use as an aid in getting credit. Ornamental nurseries now receive a computer- ized analysis of their business and they get a re- port which compares last year's data with this year's analysis. This side-by-side comparison makes it easy to see the effect of changes in man- agement practices. And the analysis has provided ornamentalists with an improved decision-making tool. Community Resource Development During 1973 high priority was placed on train- ing county Extension personnel and key leaders in the Community Development Process, emphasizing the achievement of community goals through group action. The development of effective com- munity leaders and organizations involved par- ticipation by men, women and youth from all seg- ments of society and the community. Strong em- phasis was placed on involving people whose past participation in community development efforts had been minimal. Special attention was given to youth programs and to projects that would en- courage youth to participate in community de- velopment activities so that their understanding of the role and function of community institutions might be enhanced. Youth are being invited and encouraged to participate in community programs on the same basis as adult members of the com- munity. Extension personnel of the University of Flor- ida and Florida A & M University cooperated in selecting four pilot counties for intensified efforts to involve youth in community development. Ad- ditional personnel at both state and county levels were given specific responsibilities in these areas. In 14 counties leadership training programs were conducted specifically for low income people and minority groups. Participants in these pro- grams learned how the democratic process func- tions through group action and were given in- creased confidence to participate in community and county-wide organizations. These training programs helped create an awareness among the participants of their role in the total community and the need for their involvement in community development programs. A good example of the success of this approach was the interest, enthusiasm and exhibited abili- ties of formerly unrecognized leaders in Taylor county. When 90 community leaders formed a community improvement organization, a 17-year- old girl was elected vice-president. A black man was chosen to head the committee on housing and a black woman to chair the committee on health. Local citizens who have historically carried the burden of community leadership are finding valu- able allies in these newly developed leaders. With black and white, young and old working together, a growing understanding is coming from their joint efforts. With the disappeArance of, distinct:b boundaries' between rural and urban areas, the need for joint, rural-urban, planning is, increasing. Both short and,.long range planning are..seen as neces- sary, ingredients to, successful community growth and ,improvement. Extension education programs have encouraged discussion of both county and multi-county planning. County rural development councils have created committees, on planning that point to the need for organized efforts to give direction and .control,to developments taking place in the state's rapidly changing environment.. Extension personnel have made major contribu-, tions to regional soils studies, natural resource. and open space..inventories, and cooperative nat- ural resource open planning. Among other educa- tional programs, the, Extension Service organized and arranged for 10 educational forums through- out the state for county, and city officials and other leading citizens. .The open discussion gave opportunities to present various aspects of multi- county planning. Extension personnel are cooper- ating with professional planners in educational programs to, help increase public understanding of comprehensive planning and provide support for implementation of sound planning. Educa- tional programs on county-wide planning have re- sulted in the establishment of county planning boards in 16 counties where none existed before. An important part of Community Resource Development is the improvement of community services and facilities. Educational programs by Extension were linked with financial assistance from the Farmers Home Administration in build- ing or enlarging water and sewer systems. Local groups also were given information and advice on alternative approaches to solving problems of solid waste disposal. In some areas this has involved the organization of groups who conducted recycling programs for aluminum cans, paper and glass. In some communities sanitary land fields and incin- erators have been established. Educational clinics and workshops were con- ducted throughout the state to acquaint home- owners with water quality problems and ways to deal with them. At present this program has reached an audience of about 60,000 homeowners in 34 Florida counties. In one small west Florida community, served only by shallow wells and septic tanks, the bac- teria count was dangerously high. The oyster in- dustry, which is the major source of income, was threatened with extinction. The Extension Service helped to organize a water and sewage district that obtained $1.3 million from Farmers Home Admin- istration and Economic Development Administra- tion for construction of water and sewage systems. The community's dream of good water, adequate sanitary facilities and a continuing prosperous oyster industry now'appears to be a reality. Extension helps people t6 be informed on vari- ous housing programs and sources 'of assistance. Improved housing continued to receive major em- phasis' in most' community development programs in 1973. Extension 'personnel' developed a state- wide program of homeownershilp education. This program was designed primarily for low income families who applied to FHA for interest credit mortgage loans, but all families are eligible to par- ticipate. This gives valuable information on care of homes and is especially beneficial to those who are experiencing homeownership for the first time. While the 'results of community development programs are more easily documented in terms of new water and sewage systems, improved man-, power training facilities, increased job oiportuni- ties and higher levels of living, it is equally impor- tant that larger numbers of citizens are becoming involved in community activities, feeling more re- sponsibility for community improvement and be- coming more skillful in working toward common goals. Marine Extension Since June, Extension marine economics has been an integral part of the 18-month-old Marine Advisory Program. Marine economics was one of the topics covered as a part of training sessions for county Extension personnel in Florida's 35 coastal counties. This activity was the first major effort to familiarize county personnel with marine activi- ties and enable them to help commercial fisher- men and related groups to organize marine advis- ory committees and plan county Extension pro- grams. Since that time meetings were held in Mon- roe, Manatee, Brevard, Collier and Sarasota counties to work with county marine advisory committees. Individual contacts with committee members were made in St. Lucie, Pinellas, Dixie and Levy counties. A major effort was made in Monroe County be- cause the Cooperative Extension Service is new I . Sea Grant researchers have found the University of Florida's flume- the captive river operated by the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering-an ideal place to research methods for more efficiently and economically netting food from the sea. The entire fishing in- dustry could benefit from improved net structure and performance shown being tested here. there. Extension specialists addressed six civic groups and made numerous individual contacts, ranging from independent commercial fishermen to owners of large shrimp fleets and processing plants. They discussed the role of the Marine Ad- visory Program and Extension Service. Distribution of timely information also was ac- complished in the program. Two detailed memos were sent to coastal county directors giving de- tailed information on field tax rebates and the Mandatory Fuel Allocation Program. Time was spent with executive directors of the Organized Fishermen of Florida and the Southeastern Fish- eries Association because these two groups repre- sent the majority of commercial fishermen in Florida. Articles on fuel tax rebates were prepared for the monthly publications of these two organi- zations. Extension Economists presented papers that discussed the importance of commercial fisheries in Manatee, Brevard and Collier counties. They distributed Marine Advisory Bulletins that out- lined Extension programs in marine economics and the availability of gasoline and sales tax exemp- tions for commercial fishermen. Major input through feedback from the com- mercial fishing industry was made to the total Florida Sea Grant Program. Suggestions on areas of research were made to program leaders. Exten- sion specialists are working directly on one project designed to understand the current economic situ- ation of commercial fisheries and suggest improve- ments for production practices. FOOD SCIENCE In 1973 Extension undertook a major program on food product safety. The Extension food tech- nologist prepared information on equipment and procedures for safe thermal processing (canning) of food and visited commercial producers through- out the year to consult with processors on food safety programs. As the year ended a four-day food safety program on the principles of microbi- ology and food preservation was presented for commercial canners, state regulatory agency per- sonnel and Extension Home Economics Agents. The Extension program for marine and aquatic products was expanded during this period. In co- operation with county Extension personnel, as- sistance was given in establishing Marine Advisory Committees in Brevard, Franklin, Manatee, Mon- roe, Levy, Dixie and Wakulla counties. The seafood Extension specialist participated in a state meeting of Organized Fishermen of Flor- ida and the Southeastern Fisheries Association and nationally in the Marine Extension Workshop and New Orleans Fish Exposition. Newspaper ar- ticles and TV appearances, plus speeches before so- cial clubs, Boards of County Commissioners, a uni- versity lecture series, County Planning Boards, and MAP publications informed the public of im- portant developments in seafood sanitation, sea- food storage and seafood processing pollution con- trol. Because community canning and home canning are increasing in importance, a program to improve available information on processing techniques and proper use of equipment was initiated. The Ex- tension food technologist evaluated processing time recommendations for home canning and con- sulted with personnel at county canning centers on their programs. FOREST RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION Commercial Forestry When, where and how to market forest prod- ucts was a frequent Extension forestry request re- ceived this year. Soaring timber prices made obso- lete old ideas of profits from planted pines. In cer- tain areas of Florida where $10 per cord for pulp- wood was an excellent price in past years, $20, $25 and $30 per cord for wood was common, de- pending on volume, location and competition. With many pine plantations reaching a merchant- able size and growing as much as two cords of wood per acre per year, a 20-year-old plantation could easily contain 40 cords of wood at $25 each- $1000 worth of wood per acre. Truly, planted pines pay more today than old-timers dreamed. There is no shortage of pine pulpwood growing. The paper shortage today is due more, perhaps, to an energy shortage at the mill, price control on domestic paper (much of the production goes for high prices overseas), or a shortage of timber har- vesters. With the present emphasis on production, current high prices and the coming Forest Incen- tive Bill, there is little doubt pines will be planted by the millions in Florida for many years to come. Environmental Quality This year has seen a sizable increase in the number of special interest 4-H members who com- pleted a unit in 4-H Forest Ecology. County per- sonnel used various methods of instructing 4-H members for the required minimum time of five contact hours. In many cases the Assistant Exten- sion Forester presented the session on introduction to Forest Ecology while Extension agents, wildlife biologists, county foresters, SCS technicians and others followed up with sessions on specific sub- jects relating to ecology. One unique way to complete a 4-H Special In- terest series in one day proved successful in a sit- uation where proper preparation, planning, super- vision and cooperation were available. This method consisted of an all-school or all-class environmen- tal education day. The school day from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m. was given to nature study and ecology. Children in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades were taken to a natural area for participation in a series of classes on plants, soil, wildlife, nature crafts, living off the land and nature hikes. Lunch was served on the site. Because a new state law requires all Florida school children to receive environmental education, most county school systems are hiring environmental teaching coordinators. Therefore, this "environmental day" method could have widespread use throughout the state. Sixteen teams from nine north Florida counties participated in the annual state 4-H Forest Ecol- ogy Contest during the Florida Forest Festival. This relatively low number of participants does not accurately reflect the interest or time spent by the Extension Foresters, County Agents and local leaders in training 4-H members for this event. Many other 4-H members were trained in identifi- cation of trees, plants, forest insects and diseases, but were unable to compete at Perry because the October date of the contest conflicted with other events and the distance to Perry posed a major travel problem for many members and leaders. All 4-H members who studied forest ecology or sub- mitted an essay in the ecology essay contest were, in a sense, winners in that they became more fa- miliar with the natural communities of Florida. CRD-Outdoor Recreation As Florida's population grows, so does her need for open green space and recreation land and water. During 1973 Extension Forestry continued to provide leadership and technical assistance to help public and private groups from all levels in the state to identify, designate, preserve, develop and manage rural and urban open space and recre- ation lands. And in response to changing energy supplies, the Recreation specialist has mounted a new consumer and leisure industry program to help Floridian's adjust to rapid change and make the most of changing leisure and business oppor- tunities. While six on-going projects and result-demon- strations have been temporarily stopped or slowed due to changes in firm and agency management, a number of on-the-ground projects have continued toward completion or have been initiated during the last reporting period. Efforts ranged in charac- ter from a Gadsden County rural minority group park survey to a completed preliminary design for a Key West city landscape park. Assistance given varied from a bibliographic study of forest recrea- tion site restoration for the Southeastern Corps of Army Engineers to a lecture before 200 Broward County residents on "Citizen Involvement for Open Space and Recreation." The latter is part of a continuing project dealing with open space pres- ervation and management in urban southeast Florida. Continued design and management assistance was made available to commercial campgrounds, a quasi-public recreation day camp, and a planned amenity environment housing subdivision. Prelim- inary studies have been initiated on a 477-acre Levy County tract that will lead to preparation of development plan and management recommenda- tions for a wilderness nature park and environ- mental education center. In addition, initial ef- forts have begun on demand estimation and site planning for a park on land owned by a major utility in Manatee County. A pilot project demonstrating forest multiple use land management has progressed on schedule. Planning the Rayonier Forest Industry Interpre- tive Demonstration recently has been facilitated by an unheard of $10,000 Extension Demonstra- tion Grant. This will enable the Recreation spec- ialist to hire a half-time graduate assistant for the project as well as finance a number of inputs from consulting specialists in other fields. As a member of a newly formed northwest Florida rural development recreational planning resource team, the Recreation Specialist presented invited papers and led discussion before several re- source development steering committees. The need for county-wide planning for open space and rec- reation as a component of comprehensive plans was stressed at each meeting. Stemming from this series of meetings was a request by Jefferson County for assistance in formulating such an open space and recreation plan. Rural northwest Florida will look to this pilot study for a useful planning methodology that can be adopted by other coun- ties. The planner will focus on citizen input to de- termine needs and goals and land capability and recreation adaptability potential for evaluating fu- ture choices among land uses. FRUIT CROPS Citrus Historically, Florida has maintained a top- level research and educational program for its agricultural producers, especially its citrus growers. Even so, 1973 must be listed as a banner year be- cause, in addition to the customary citrus insti- tutes, OJ breaks, field days and demonstrations, With all the comforts of a fine Extension tour-field crates to sit on and ample frozen orange juice dispensed by the Citrus Queen from the "Rolling Orange"-growers from around the world listen to Dr. Don Hutcheson explain USDA rootstock research at the First International Citrus Rootstock Short Course. the First International Citrus Rootstock Short Course was held September 23-28. This short course featured in-depth information on citrus rootstocks prepared especially for commercial citrus producers. It culminated three years of plan- ning by the Department of Fruit Crops' Extension staff and a citrus advisory committee of 15 growers and production managers. Sponsored by the Department of Fruit Crops, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, the short course included three days of classes, fol- lowed by a two-day field trip that covered 500 miles of travel through Florida citrus orchards. The short course also featured these five out-of- state speakers who are world authorities on citrus: Drs. W. P. Bitters and E. C. Calavan, University of California at Riverside; Mr. D. A. Newcomb, one of the world's largest citrus nurserymen, Thermal, California; Professor A. A. Salibe, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Dr. Heinz Wutscher, Weslaco, Texas. Ten other outstanding researchers from Florida, representing IFAS, USDA and the State Department of Agriculture, explored other root- stock problems. A copy of the proceedings will be sent to each of the 160 participants who came from Brazil, South Africa, Venezuela, Trinidad, Sicily, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, California, Texas, North Caro- lina, Georgia and Florida. Deciduous Fruits Significant progress was made in deciduous fruits in 1973-a good year for bringing people to- gether. Directors of the Florida Peach Growers As- sociation and the Florida Blueberry Growers As- sociation met with Extension and research per- sonnel to informally discuss grower problems and research results. These meetings were informative workshops that, through research demonstration, will be very beneficial to these two new industries. In addition a record number of growers at- tended the Pecan Field Day, Peach Short Course and Blueberry Short Course. The First International Citrus Rootstock Short Course, which focused attention on information for commercial producers, featured a two- day field trip through Florida citrus orchards after three days of class work. Subtropical Fruits Avocados, mangos and limes continued to be the big money crops in subtropical Florida. Thanks to improved decay control procedures and newly developed fungicides-brought to the growers through Extension demonstrations, newsletters, TV and radio shows and summarized during the yearly subtropical institute-growers' income has reached the highest level in history. As an ex- ample, avocado production has increased from 500,000 bushels produced on 5,300 acres to 750,000 bushels on 5,400 acres. The value of this produc- tion has increased from about $3 million annually to more than $6 million annually. The appearance and shelf life of these fruits have been greatly im- proved, resulting in stronger demand at signifi- cantly improved prices. This situation has been particularly true of limes because of better control of stylar-end rot. Urban Growers STo assist urban growers and home owners, the state staff participated in 30 TV and 45 radio shows and answered thousands of letters and phone calls requesting information. ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE Florida's year-round semitropical climate and 8,426 miles of indented coastline have established its world-wide reputation as a vacation state. Like few other states, Florida is directly dependent on environmental esthetics for its continued growth and popularity. Because of its attractive climate, abundant natural resources and pleasing natural and man-made environments, Florida attracts more than 25 million visitors each year. Many of these tourists decide to move to Florida. In fact, Florida has the greatest rate of population growth of any state in the U. S. At present there is an unprecedented awareness and concern for the environment with people be- coming more and more interested in "environmen- tal esthetics." Development of public awareness of the importance of plants and the fostering of im- proved ways to use ornamental plants are essen- tial components of environmental esthetics. In the last two decades Florida has changed from a relatively rural state growing at a moder- ate rate to a fast-growing state that is showing marked changes in natural resources and environ- ment because of this population increase. These changes are usually at the expense of natural re- sources, resulting in deterioration of our environ- ment. Alarmed citizens are beginning to organize, study and demand changes to improve and pro- tect our environment. Ornamental horticulture has always had a prominent role in improving man's environment and in pollution control, a role that is now growing in importance. That landscape plantings create pleasing situ- ations in both urban and rural situations is well- known. Less well-known is the value of ornamental plants for reducing noise, glare and dust pollution near areas of heavy traffic, for screening ugly ob- jects and areas, for controlling heat, wind, erosion, and for altering climatic factors to improve man's environment. Ornamental plants enhance not only man's physical environment, but also man's men- tal well-being. Environmental psychology has in- dicated beneficial effects through horticultural therapy and use of plants in interior and exterior environments. Thus, ornamental horticulture helps people learn how to live as well, as how to make a living. Ornamental Horticulture Extension specialists in Ornamental Horticul- ture serve as sources of factual information for both pollution control and environmental esthet- ics. Information releases, bulletins, mass media presentations, and talks before industry groups, garden clubs, service and civic organizations, youth groups and low income groups are some of the means used to disseminate this information. Special materials prepared for commercial pro- ducers and homeowners are adapted for use by leaders of 4-H and other youth groups in preparing and conducting ornamental horticultural, environ- mental quality and pollution control programs. These programs result in community clean-up, highway beautification, landscaping, gardening, plant sales, city beautification and tree planting. The increased use of ornamental plants in en- vironmental enhancement demands continued ef- forts to assist production of adequate quantities of quality products and to foster effective use of or- namental plants in all environments. In ornamentals production certain pollutants and waste by-products such as animal manures and sewage effluents are economically useful in production and maintenance of beautiful plants and flowers-an example of real life flower power. Turf Horticultural beauty plays an important eco- nomic role in Florida's tourist business because of its general esthetic value. This is particularly sig- nificant with turf since it forms the major portion of any landscape design and also has functional value in outdoor recreation and sports. Current estimates indicate 1,262,000 acres of turf in Florida by 1975 and a 10 to 15 percent increase of that figure by 1980. For several years Florida has led the nation in new golf course construction by building more than 30 new courses per year. At present there are 500 to 600 golf courses in Florida. The fairways, if linked end to end, would permit golfing tourists to play around Florida's 1,200-mile coastline with- out leaving golf course property. The value of the turf industry is difficult to es- timate since the only marketable commodity is cut sod and the vegetative propagating material that comprise less than six percent of the total turf acreage in the state. This small quantifiable por- tion, however, had sales of $13.5 million in 1968. Turfgrass, unlike most commodities, is not "consumed" during its use since it is in a constant state of regeneration when properly maintained. Maintenance of recreational turf is usually a ne- cessity for its survival, use requirement or desired quality. Initial installation costs, therefore, may be quite small when compared to long-term mainte- nance costs for recreational turf. The dollar value of turf and associated agri- business has been conservatively estimated at more than $200 million. Woody Ornamentals Florida is outranked only by California in value of woody ornamental production. There are more than 4,000 nurseries in Florida with an estimated gross acreage of 17,200 acres and a net acreage de- voted to plant production of 12,060 acres requiring more than 15,000 full-time employees. About 80 percent of Florida's nursery production is in con- tainers and about 20 percent is field grown. The average container nursery is about four acres and requires about six full-time employees. The aver- age field nursery comprises 44 acres and is operated by an average seven full-time employees. The esti- mated farm value of Florida-produced woody orna- mental nursery stock in 1971-72 was $52 million. The rapid expansion of Florida's nursery indus- try can be attributed to a favorable climate, but also is closely tied to several other factors. Increase in new construction, homes, apartments and con- dominiums has been important as has been in- creased population and per capital income and the emphasis on improving man's environment. How- ever, the same conditions and factors responsible for increases in production and use of ornamental plants are also responsible for many of the prob- lems plaguing Florida nurserymen. These condi- tions include the scarcity, increasing cost and re- duced productivity of labor; the scarcity, high cost, low quality or poor location of land; the scarcity, poor quality and increasing cost of soil and soil mixture components; the quality, pollu- tion and increased salinity of water; and effects of pollution regulations and control on the use and availability of fertilizers and pesticides needed for the economical production of nursery stock. Flowers Florida ranks second only to California in total production of floriculture products. The state is first in gladiolus with two-thirds of U. S. produc- tion, first in chrysanthemum cuttings, second in pompoms and potted chrysanthemums, and third in standard chrysanthemums. In addition produc- tion of minor crops has been increasing rapidly. Total area under production last year was more than 11,200 acres with a total wholesale value estimated at $42.3 million. Greenhouse pro- duction of potted and cut flowers is scattered through the state and mainly fills the demands of the local market with some specialist growers ex- porting their products out of state. Cut chrysanthemums and gladiolus production declined slightly in recent years. The domestic out- look for cut flower production is tempered by the expanding volume of imports into U. S. markets from Colombia and other South American coun- tries. The almost certain prospect of continued inroads by imports will likely inhibit capital in- vestments by growers. Besides imports, the growers face many external problems over which they have little or no control. Increased regulation of pesticides under FEPCA will have an adverse effect on production and quality, unless' labeling guidelines for ornamental crops are eased at the federal level. Most large producers on the lower West Coast and the East Coast Strip, as well as others, are faced with rocketing land values, high taxes, zoning problems and relentless pressure to sell out to developers. Urbanization is engulfing some farms in Stuart, for example, where most flower farms are in the city limits. Increased traffic by residents and toufr- ists on farm-to-market roads in these areas create uncertain delays in transporting the product to meet shipping point schedules. In Ft. Myers pro- posed plans for a multi-lane highway to the beach have accentuated producers' fears. With rapid ur- banization has come a rapid increase in salt water intrusion. Many wells have become contaminated with salt water making them unsuitable for irri- gation use. If the flower farms of Florida are forced from the favorable winter microclimates they now enjoy near the bays and coastlines, the risk of winter freezes or cold temperature delay will in- crease tremendously for the profitable mid-winter market. In the case of gladiolus, a crop grown in extensive field culture like corn, little could be done to remedy this situation. For the intensively cul- tured crops such as chrysanthemums, heaters and covered structures offer a possible solution but would require large capital outlays and would de- crease profit margins to the extent that marginal producers could not survive . This is an industry that requires much hand and semi-skilled labor extending over a longer por- tion of the year than any other agricultural enter- prise. Labor is in short supply and growers must learn personnel management practices that will in- sure employee productivity. There is also an in- creasing number of regulations on employment of personnel and on their safety. Foliage The Florida foliage industry has undergone rapid growth in the last five years. In 1968 the estimated wholesale value of Florida foliage plants was $15 million. Projected value of commercially grown foliage plants for 1973 is $30 million. Extension programs of the Department of Or- namental Horticulture have provided leadership in helping the industry grow and produce better quality plants and in providing additional employ- ment for Florida residents. More than 500 people representing 37 states and four foreign countries registered in January for the 1973 National Tropical Foliage Short Course in Orlando. The short course was sponsored by the Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Dr. Dennis B. McConnell State Extension Specialist with the Department of Ornamental Horticulture served as program coordinator. I The two and a half day short course was di- vided into four sections emphasizing utilization, improving interior environments, production and world-wide use of foliage plants. Each section fea- tured speakers who have gained national promi- nence in their fields. County agents served as short course moderators. Homegrounds With the tremendous population surge has come a proportionate rise in public requests for more and better information on landscaping and culture of all types of ornamental plants-lawns, trees, shrubs, ground covers, vines, flowers and houseplants. These statements from selected County Progress Reports summarize the present situation: "The problems of homeowners continue to be the main concern of ornamentals in our county." "Our county is experiencing a literal popu- lation explosion. Ornamentals-their culture, care and selection-have become a major pro- gram demand on the Extension staff." "Some 15,000 people retire or vacation in our city each year, in addition to which there are 18,000 full-time residents. These people make many demands on my office for informa- tion on properly establishing and maintaining their home grounds." "Many of the new people moving into our county are retired and have much leisure time for gardening. This group, plus other home- owners, have indicated a great demand for gardening information because most of them are not familiar with local plant and plant care for this region." Extension is faced with increased demands from typical suburban homeowners. In addition, the demands of small farmers, condominium, apartment and mobile home dwellers and other groups-through an increased awareness of Exten- sion services-are creating new opportunities for service. If this present trend continues, as no doubt it will, increased requests for verbal and printed in- formation on environmental esthetics will broaden the job responsibilities of both the county and state specialists. POULTRY SCIENCE To assist the Florida poultry industry to pro- duce and market food more abundantly and ef- ficiently, the Extension poultry staff inaugurated three new Extension poultry programs in 1973. These special statewide in-depth workshops in- cluded a one-day game bird conference to give a growing industry much needed educational help. More than 100 producers from Florida and other southern states heard discussions on quail feeding, disease prevention, management and processing. Service and supervisory personnel, representing about half of Florida's egg and broiler production attended a two-day Serviceman's Workshop in Gainesville. Problem areas such as health manage- ment, personnel management, basic anatomy and physiology were discussed. Because many persons attending the workshop had not been formally trained in poultry, this basic education program was beneficial. A third timely workshop was designed to assist poultry feed manufacturers with feed formulation in view of critical shortages of such ingredients as phosphorus. The results of 12 years of research by the Florida Poultry Science Department was pre- sented. m-. The Poultry Serviceman's Workshop was attended by many persons not formally trained in poultry; therefore, such basic features as the correct handling of a bird, here demonstrated by L.W. Kalch, associate Extension poultryman, was helpful. PLANT PATHOLOGY More than 50 talks at meetings, short courses and schools reached about 2,000 people with in- formation on diseases of plants in all commodity areas in 1973. These talks, plus the preparation of 15 circulars, Plant Protection Pointers, technical papers and Production Guides, enabled Extension Plant Pathology to disseminate plant disease con- trol information to a large part of the Florida pop- ulation. In addition, the vegetable and field crops sections of the "Florida Plant Disease Control Guide" were completely revised. About 1,100 copies of the guide have been issued to people in the U. S. and 26 foreign countries. Research-demonstration plots also have been stressed. Among the significant results that have been obtained from these plots during the year are these: Work was conducted with a large food growing and processing organization that was treating the seed for about 2,000 acres of spinach in Florida, and in other states, with a fungicide for seedling disease control that was proving inadequate. Extension Plant Pathologists achieved much better control with another material on the research- demonstration plots. Extension personnel also worked with a com- paratively small nursery that has for several years been experiencing poor growth and dying of Pittosporium and other plants grown for cut foliage. Examination of plants failed to indicate the causal organism be- cause of rapid root rotting and poor root growth. Plots were established using chemi- cals that we believed would control the fungi most likely to be involved. Several months elapsed before tangible results could be seen, but the treatments proved successful in im- proving appearance and size of growth of- both top and root system. Peanut leaf spot control plots were con- tinued in 1973. Control data were encourag- ing and essentially similar to previous results. However, it. is desirable to, continue these plots at least one more year to be sure of the results scientifically. Approximately 900 plant disease specimens were received in the- Plant Disease Clinic, during 1973. An unusually, Jlarge number of these: came directly from the commercial grower or home- owner. During the Seventh Annual Pest Control Con- ference in Gainesville, talks centered on control of plant diseases, nematodes, weeds, insects, and wildlife pests, as well as plant breeding and pesti- cide application. About 175 workers in various phases of agriculture attended the two-day meet- ing. SOIL SCIENCE The Extension Soil Testing Laboratory proc- essed 38,280 soil samples in 1973. Some research samples were included in this number. The large number of samples from low-income farmers may be attributed to the efforts of county Extension personnel. Four training sessions on soils and environ- mental quality were held for garden supply store dealers and their. personnel throughout the state. The 300 people who attended wrote evaluations indicating that the information was valuable and would be used in their businesses. Four Soil Identification Short Courses for county staffs were offered and two more are scheduled. Seven TV shows were made dealing with soil and environmental quality information. Florida's Third Fertilizer and Lime Conference was held in May. Written evaluations of this con- ference indicated that it was even more valuable to the industry and contained more timely infor- mation than the previous two conferences. The Soil Science Department Extension Sec- tion was asked to provide fifth grade students and their teachers in Lafayette County and St. Johns County public schools with information on the importance of natural resources to the environ- ment. While this request represented a distinct challenge, those evaluating the effort believe that the classes taught and materials provided will pro- mote in the students a sense of inquiry and curi- osity about our natural resources and in the teachers, improved ability to direct student efforts. The annual 4-H Conservation Camp provided an opportunity to engage older youth in environ- mental quality exploration. The sessions began with methods for identifying problem areas and then locating.them on a state map. As a result, the campers began identifying problems in their home areas and developed an awareness of sources of in- formation as well as agency responsibility. At a regional public school teachers workshop, information was exchanged on source materials and methods of presenting environmental quality information within existing curriculums K through 12. Some of the materials exchanged will be adapted for use in the 4-H special interest effort and conventional projects. Efforts were continued to assist with develop- ment and maintenance of the overall 4-H youth program. The organizations that currently provide support of incentive awards programs in conser- vation of natural resources were kept informed of program content and progress. These organizations include WTVT-TV, Channel 13, Tampa; DoLime Minerals, Bartow; Florida Federal Land Bank As- sociations; Florida Production Credit Associations; The Florida Association of Soil and Water Con- servation Districts; and the Florida Chapter of Soil Conservation Society of America. All of the donors pledged long-term continuing support amounting to $1,650 annually. Because of in- creased need based on rising costs, negotiations for additional support from another donor are under- way. VEGETABLE CROPS Commercial Production It is significant when growers recognize prob- lems facing them in crop production and take steps jointly to solve them. This recently was the case among Florida lettuce growers. They requested as- sistance from Extension and research workers who, after intensive study, suggested a program similar to that used in California. Essentially, the program will exclude lettuce mosaic infested seeds from two major lettuce producing areas in Florida. Growers elected three from their group to represent them on the committee that included members from IFAS and the Plant Industry Division of the Flor- ida Department of Agriculture. Grower members spent considerable time in committee work, at- tending many meetings and traveling to California. It now is almost certain that a regulation con- cerning mosaic infested seeds will go into effect for the 1973-74 season, benefiting the industry in the future. However, another important benefit is that growers as a group recognized their problems, initi- ated action and followed through. Harvesting and Handling Overlapping size classifications in U. S. stan- dards for fresh tomatoes that allowed unfair label- ing and trade practices were removed from the re- vised standards adopted December 1, 1973. Exten- sive evaluations by the Florida Cooperative Exten- sion Service were largely responsible for the sizing revision when it was shown that no overlap was needed with a 10 percent tolerance. About 200 tomato growers, shippers, repackers and receivers attended a meeting and adopted six size classifications with minimum and maximum limits to replace the standards where actual fruit sizes within classifications varied with demand and prices. Florida tomato shippers are using the U. S. standards for size. Also, the net weight per package is limited to two pounds more than designated weight. Vegetable Gardening To initiate 4-H expansion through the public school system, state Extension specialists were called upon to develop Special Interest Projects. Volusia became a pilot county to test a project relating to vegetable plants and seeds. Briefly, the project included six hours of lecture-demonstra- tion-participation exercises in eight 45-minute classes. Extension supplied teachers with required materials such as vegetable seeds, peat pellets, cups, paper towels and fertilizer. Volusia County enrolled 2,700 fourth and fifth graders for the first time and other counties uti- lized the project with varying degrees of success. More than 9,000 students participated in the proj- ect during the year. VETERINARY SCIENCE With the world food shortage, increased costs of livestock and poultry production, higher food prices at the supermarket, and the need to con- serve valuable resources such as energy and feed, the livestock industry and consumers are becoming increasingly aware of economic losses from animal diseases. Fifteen to 30 percent of our potential production never reaches the market because of disease. Animal diseases result in deaths, failure to produce living young, decreases in milk and egg production, losses caused by retarded growth and poor feeding efficiency, and indirect losses caused . 24 by carcass condemnations and decreased quality. Reducing these losses is essential to a healthy live- stock economy to assure an adequate supply of quality meat, milk and eggs at the lowest possible cost to consumers. Florida's Cooperative Extension Service pro- vided educational services to livestock and poultry producers and practicing veterinarians to promote control and prevention of animal diseases. Area cow-calf health clinics brought information to about 550 cattlemen. Methods of reducing calf losses were included in dairy calf raising schools. Animal health information was distributed to live- stock and poultry producers. Continuing educa- tion opportunities were provided for practicing veterinarians to acquaint them with the latest re- search and techniques for controlling diseases. Educational support was given by Extension to state and federal animal disease control and eradi- cation programs. Veterinary Science Extension activities in- cluded educational programs in public health and environmental quality. Improved sanitation, proper disposal of animal waste and dead animals, and proper use of drugs in controlling animal dis- eases serve to minimize pollution and protect the safety and quality of the food supply. The respon- sibility of pet ownership and recreational utiliza- tion of companion animals also received attention. The Veterinary Science 4-H Program, Dog Care and Training 4-H Project and Pocket Pet 4-H Project served to give youth an educational experi- ence with animals and scientific knowledge relating to animal health. Through a variety of educational methods and experiences, knowledge about animal diseases and their control was disseminated. More efficient pro- duction of meat, milk and eggs, protection of pub- lic health, and utilization of pet and recreational animals contribute to raising the standard of living and quality of life. HOME ECONOMICS c r L L- a; ~~ i-;~ XI L;.4 --. -'-, =r __ _ _ EXTENSION HOME ECONOMICS The Challenge of Transition For better or worse dramatic changes in life- styles are taking shape in America today. The challenge of transition is being met by innovative Extension home economics agents, dedicated vol- unteer homemakers and para-professionals whose main concern is helping individuals and families get more out of life. Soaring prices, shortages and a general slacken- ing of the economy is necessitating a certain loss in mobility. Today, more than ever, people want Extension to help them find ways to cope with their problems. There is a yearning to get back to the basics of old-fashioned home gardening, cook- ing and food preservation. The emerging readiness to change eating patterns for the sake of stretching both money and food often is essential. A new de- sire to understand more about the value of food comes from the advent of nutrient labeling and shortages. Inflation Specific groups and individuals squeezed by in- flation are grateful for any help Extension has to offer. Among these groups are operators of day care centers-especially those on small budgets- school food service kitchen workers, those en- gaged in congregate feeding of the elderly, and per- sons on fixed incomes. Money Management For families on limited incomes home owner- ship in housing developments is often accompanied by increased responsibilities. Often the new home- owner is not aware of what homeownership im- plies. In 1973 Extension offered to help these fam- ilies differentiate between wants and needs and find new ways to improve life-styles through money management and work simplification. Push Button Technology Push button technology has created a need for individuals to develop their own imagination and artistic skills. Use of this potential has in- creased interest in selection, use and care of fabrics for both home and personal use. Energy and Realism The energy crisis stimulated a realistic ap- proach to dealing with energy conservation that has gained momentum throughout the state. Our network of county Extension groups, armed with energy crisis materials, have adopted action plans that include special interest programs, mass media coverage and the distribution of leaflets to doctor's offices, beauty shops, motels and other focal points where they will be read. Developing the Human Potential Developing human potential and improving in- terpersonal relationships has become a vital task in helping people to help themselves. Extension is involved in this task through leadership develop- ment, counseling, and helping people to make max- imum use of available resources to cope with the complexities of modern living. These stimuli help to create an independent spirit competent to meet today's "challenge of transition." HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMS MEET NEEDS This report features only a few of the many Extension programs in Florida. They are: On Becoming a Person New Talent Increases Income Food Preservation Pays Dividends A Woman and Her Car Health-Your Part and Mine Women War Against Theft Homemaker Service Program Facilities and Abilities Merge Wanted-People to care On Becoming a Person Hard-to-reach families, many subsisting on annual incomes of $3,000 or less, have felt the brunt of soaring food prices and shrinking dollars. Extension's Expanded Nutrition Program with its primary objective of assisting families to im- prove the quality and adequacy of family diets, has taught homemakers in Florida basic manage- ment skills and budgeting principles. Families with tight food budgets welcome money saving tech- niques in order to provide food for their families. Low income families particularly have felt the impact of soaring food prices and shrinking dollars. Extension home economists are assisting such families to improve the quality and adequacy of fam- ily diets and to learn basic management skills and budgeting prin- ciples. Extension's Expanded Nutrition Program has reached more than 130,000 people in Florida in the last five years. Here a paraprofes- sional worker helps a young mother understand the importance of good nutrition to her child. Extension's concentrated nutrition education effort with low-income families has reached more than 130,000 people in Florida since its inception in 1968. Para-professionals have kept abreast of changes, trends and fads affecting low income peo- ple. Extension home economists have taught les- sons on meat extenders, standardized meat cuts, meat alternates, open code dating, labeling, new ways with vegetables, food sanitation practices, simplified cleaning methods and energy conserva- tion. Aides have presented these materials to homemakers using innovative individualized ap- proaches in diversified teaching situations. Significant social and economic changes have occurred in the program. Though it is difficult to measure changes in behavior, the changes never- theless are real to home economists and para- professionals who have witnessed them. New Talent Increases Income Both men and women are becoming skilled in the art of chair caning and reupholstery. Such Ex- tension classes are growing larger each year all over the state. A number of individuals have turned this interesting hobby into a profitable venture. In one case the income supplements a small retirement income. The interest in canning and freezing food at home has increased along with food costs. During 1973 Extension home economists answered a flood of questions on safe methods of food preservation. i;z ~ I~fiI'r Food Preservation Pays Dividends Statewide interest in food preservation has hit an all-time high with every evidence that this in- terest will mark a major trend. The Gadsden County Canning Center processed 87,000 pints of food this year. And more and more people are canning and freezing food at home. Much com- munity interest stems from Expanded Nutrition families throughout rural Florida who are growing home gardens. Para-professionals encourage home food production and assist in problems that arise. Questions on safe methods to preserve foods are pouring into county offices. A Woman and Her Car Previously, many women just "filled up" and "drove." Now they are finding it necessary to rec- ognize and identify mechanical problems and make minor repairs. These new skills stretch the car dollar and assure more effective maintenance. Since more women than men own cars, Extension Home Economics has taken the lead in helping Florida women become better shoppers for trans- portation and better powder puff mechanics. Extension home economists have taken a leading role in helping Florida women know more about their cars and how to identify automotive problems and make minor repairs, thus stretching their car dollars. Health, Your Part and Mine Extension homemakers have initiated this cam- paign in more than half the counties to help fam- ilies understand the seriousness of high blood pressure and become aware of how they can pre- vent the complications of hypertension. Since the effect of high blood pressure is more pronounced among blacks causing a higher death rate, a special effort has been made to reach black families as well as white. Women War Against Theft Reports of personal property losses through theft from Hillsborough County appalled Exten- sion homemakers in 1973. Immediately this group embarked on a program to discourage those tempted to steal by learning how to engrave their social security numbers on valuable household items and encouraging their friends and relatives to do the same. To reach a large number of peo- ple, the group demonstrated this skill and other ways to make homes more secure against theft at the Hillsborough County Fair and Strawberry Fes- tival. Homemaker Service Program Started A need has been felt for several years for a Homemaker Service Program for the Elderly in Polk County. About 10 years ago an attempt was made to organize such a program, but it did not materialize because of lack of funding. In 1973 A special 1973 program of Extension homemakers was designed to create an awareness of the seriousness of high blood pressure. The campaign stressed ways to prevent the complications of hypertension among both black and white families. a second attempt was made and the Polk County Division of Family Services, in cooperation and consultation with the Extension Home Economics Agent, established this service. The Home Economics agent-ENP supervisor has consulted with agency representatives in set- ting up program guidelines including establishing training format, setting community boundaries, enlisting or referring workers. Twelve homemaker aides have been employed and have received train- ing in budgeting, nutrition, food stamps and quicker clean-up by the Extension home economics staff. These aides work with people who are more than 60 years old and need special help with grocery shopping, transportation to doctors, meal preparation or other problem areas for the elderly or convalescent homemaker. The homemaker serv- ice program has complimented the Expanded Nu- trition Program for its work with senior citizens. Facilities and Abilities Merge The recent influx of senior citizens in Brevard County has brought civic-minded people to the forefront. A manager of one of the large shopping plazas recognized the need for older persons to have an outlet for their time and abilities. Exten- sion honored a request to help initiate a program to satisfy these needs. A number of senior citizens have put on demonstrations for the public. A sur- vey of 240 persons who attended revealed that 33 were interested in joining homemaker clubs; 75 wanted to meet new people, and 86 enrolled for an Extension class. Many indicated that they would like a place to read Extension literature. As a result, the plaza management made a room available to senior citizens between 10 a. m. and 2 p. m. and a committee has been formed to sched- ule classes and publicity. Wanted-People to Care Harlem, a small community deep in the heart of the sugar country, has local people who care. Through the efforts of a social worker and tenants association, the services of the county Extension home economics agent was requested to set up a five-week workshop stressing such topics as Quicker Clean-Up, Home Care and Decoration. Sugar company representatives were impressed with the program and asked for additional help in working with families that live permanently in labor camps. The families related, "It's nice to know that there are people who care!" , - In Harlem and in other communities throughout Florida, Extension workers are among the people "who care about people" and lend a helping hand with information and programs to show families how to improve their lives. USDA Photo by Larry Rana YOUTH PROGRAMS NEW DIRECTIONS 4-H-Youth work in Florida during the past year took on some new dimensions. The goal-to help young people develop into worthy citizens-remained the same, but new segments of Florida's youth were reached. Through both new school programs and new single project clubs, 4-H brought extra curricular, educational programs to thousands of low-income, inner-city and minority-group young people. In this way membership in Florida 4-H grew from approximately 20,000 to 75,000 members. The new programming during the past year was designed to demonstrate that 4-H could at- tract and could be made meaningful to non-farm, non-rural young people. At the same time, it was the intent of Extension youth-professionals throughout the state to continue to offer those traditional educational programs necessary to keep the agriculturally-interested youth actively in- volved in 4-H work. On balance, it is felt that the plan has worked. The department intends to con- tinue to make modifications in techniques and methods, believing that 4-H can be of service to all of Florida's young people. CAMPING WITH 4-H A primary target of the 4-H Department has been to expand the use of five camping facilities, located geographically throughout the state. Re- ceiving priority use of these camps were local and county 4-H groups and state-wide special purpose camp groups. As an example, during the summer eight Florida counties participated in special 4-H happenings sponsored by Expanded Nutrition funds. County personnel wrote proposals for the programs and the better ones were funded. These programs ranged from one-time day camps to an overnight camping experience. The curricula emphasized food and nutrition and such areas as grooming, manners, gardening, getting along with others and money management. A total of 1,144 youth were involved. Responses by parents have been enthusiastic, expressing a desire for their children to continue similar programs. A large number of the youth are presently involved through newsletters, 4H-ENP groups and other 4-H groups and activities. In addition to Extension-connected groups, the facilities accommodated other organizations and agencies ranging from U. S. Forest Service to youth and adult church groups. Through this ex- panded usage of the camping facilities an addi- tional 4,398 persons and a total of 6,659 camper days were logged. An effort also was made to upgrade the educa- tional-recreational program offered to the regular season campers. A special grant was used to pur- chase equipment that would standardize each camp program and offer graduated recreational ac- tivities. SPECIAL INTEREST 4-H PROGRAMS Through traditional 4-H programs, County Ex- tension 4-H Coordinators long have sought to en- courage youth through experiences in leadership, citizenship and personal development. The long- standing community clubs, with their local volun- teer leaders, judging teams and special activities, still remain the backbone of 4-H. However, 4-H coordinators have felt the need for expansion. Working with Extension specialists, they have in- corporated the use of 4-H Special Interest Pro- grams to reach more youth. The setting is mainly the classroom; the 4-H Special Interest members are students; their leaders are adult volunteers; and the outcome has been a new and exciting ex- perience. The purpose of Special Interest 4-H projects is to provide a variety of beneficial learning experi- ences to a greater number of youth and at the same time to enrich classroom offerings. Such learning experiences have contributed to a better understanding and appreciation of citizenship rights and responsibilities, our free enterprise sys- tem and the profit motive, and environmental problems. In addition such experiences have de- veloped leadership skills and provided opportuni- ties for members to participate in the solution of problems. Major project areas have been these: Exploring Your World, which includes banking, money management, shopping and supermarkets; Money Mastery; Maxi Uses for Mini Appliances; Forest Ecology; Signs of the Times, which deals with traffic safety; Teen Consumer; Adventures in Food Science; For Happier Happenings Be Well- Groomed; Pocket Pets; Citizenship; Plant Science; and the Big Switch, which concerns the energy crisis. 4-H CITIZENSHIP SHORT COURSES For the past 10 years Florida has been sending 50 to 90 4-H'ers to the National 4-H Citizenship Short Courses each summer at the National 4-H Center in Washington, D. C. Here the emphasis has naturally been on citizenship from a national viewpoint. 4-H members also have had an oppor- tunity in their home counties to study city and county government. The missing link, therefore, has been the study of state government. Realizing that 4-H'ers need to, deveblp a better understand- ing of the responsibility df state government to the citizen and become familiar with the responsibility of the citizen to his' government, the first State 4-H Citizenship Short Course was held in August at the Capitol in Tallahassee. S. . Frul.' Using the facilities of Florida State University and the chamber and committee rooms of the House of Representatives, 100 older 4-H'ers and representative Extension agents participated in the program. The 4-H members were divided equally into two groups-Representatives and Lob- byists who represented twelve citizen groups. The 4-H Legislature worked with six "bills" with each committee advised by a regular staff member from the House of Representatives. Subjects covered by the bills included these: A severance tax to be placed on the cutting of timber. A tax on advertising in the state. Open burning in the state. Construction of a new limited-access high- way. Establishment of emission standards for all vehicles. Construction of sewage treatment and dis- posal plants within proposed areas of new residential and industrial construction. In addition to the legislative sessions, tours were made to the offices of the Florida Cabinet, Governor's mansion, Supreme Court, Consumer's Agriculture Laboratory, and the Leon County Election Supervisor's office, where some partici- pants had their first opportunity to vote. The short course also gave governmental officials an excellent opportunity to become better acquainted with 4-H while the young people publicly exhibited 4-H and studied state government first hand. RECOGNITION OF ACHIEVEMENT The practice of recognizing outstanding achievement among 4-H youth has always been an integral part of the Florida 4-H Program. Many 4-H'ers have received a variety of awards for out- standing achievement through the years. However, 1973 was an unprecedented year in that the Na- tional 4-H Recognition jProgram honored Florida 4-H'ers with two sectional trips to the National 4-H Congress in Chicago, four National scholar- ships totaling $3,000, and a Silver Tray Citation presented on behalf of the President of the United States. The 4-H Program areas upon which these awards focused were leadership, dress revue, safety, poultry and public speaking. The 4-H'ers receiving these awards were from Brevard, Okaloosa, Mar- ion, Manatee and Levy counties. This accomplishment represents a significant breakthrough for Florida 4-H'ers brought about in part by a concerted 4-H Records training program. The state 4-H department coordinated record clinics, workshops, and seminars that were held throughout the State to better acquaint 4-H'ers with the correct methods and techniques of con- structing an accumulative statistical and narrative account of their 4-H work. I _ FINANCIAL REPORT 1972-73 Federal Funds: Smith-Lever Amended Agricultural Marketing Indian Affairs Expanded Nutrition Total Federal Funds State & Trust Funds: State Funds Incidental County Appropriations $1,475,198.00 19,271.00 28,000.00 1,620,485.00 $3,142,954.00 $4,108,958.00 106,300.00 1,762,087.00 $5,977,345.00 $9,120,299.00 Total State & Trust Funds Total Cooperative Extension Funds 1973-74 Federal Funds: Smith-Lever Amended Agricultural Marketing Indian Affairs Expanded Nutrition Total Federal Funds State & Trust Funds: State Funds Incidental County Appropriations $1,512,994.00 19,271.00 14,000.00 1,577,200.00 $3,123,465.00 $4,521,359.00 166,500.00 1,929,077.00 $6,616,936.00 $9,740,401.00 Total State & Trust Funds Total Cooperative Extension Funds FLORIDA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE PLANNED AND EXPENDED TIME BY PROGRAM AREA PROFESSIONALS Fiscal Year 1973 Planned* Expended Total Program Area Mandays % of Total Mandays % of Total Audience 1 Citrus and Other Fruits and Nuts 2,986 3.70 4,079 3.85 74,077 2 Vegetable Crops 2,509 3.11 3,657 3.46 53,710 3 Field Crops 1,555 1.92 2,503 2.36 49,698 4 Forage, Range and Pasture 1,213 1.50 1,681 1.59 26,867 5 Forest and Forest Products 663 .82 566 .53 7,161 6 Ornamental Plants 5,026 6.22 7,245 6.84 270,069 7 Beef 2,812 3.48 3,841 3.63 102,208 8 Dairy 1,651 2.04 2,075 1.96 33,581 9 Swine 1,000 1.24 838 .79 19,337 10 Poultry 1,030 1.28 1,338 1.26 34,566 11 Horses 739 .92 966 .91 38,170 12 Bees and Their Products 211 .26 114 .11 1,662 13 Other Animals 15 .02 .22 .02 541 14 Marine and Aquatic Prod. 87 .11 476 .45 4,476 15 Supp. Disc. Act. (Commercial Ag.) 3,653 4.52 4,834 4.57 71,215 21 Pollution Abatement and Control 902 1.12 697 .66 26,561 22 Wildlife and Fish 44 .05 43 .04 358 23 Recreation 85 .10 312 .29 3,496 24 Environmental Esthetics 188 .23 160 .15 10,070 25 Supp. Disc. Act. (Nat. and Renewable Res.) 582 .72 594 .56 21,003 31 Family Stability 6,283 7.78 7,994 7.55 325,997 32 Consumer Competence 3,990 4.94 5,302 5.01 160,169 33 Family Health 2,214 2.74 2,132 2.01 62,689 34 Expanded Nutrition Program 6,829 8.46 6,688 6.32 61,530 35 Family Housing 1,868 2.31 2,214 2.09 34,216 36 Community and Regional Development 2,842 3.52 2,969 2.80 72,343 37 Manpower and Employment 109 .13 139 .13 2,961 38 Supp. Disc. Act. (Human 5,433 6.73 8,380 7.92 363,122 Res. and Qual. of Life) 41 Extension Support and Maintenance 21,881 27.09 30,884 29.18 226,475 51 Administration 1,220 1.51 1,585 1.50 8,510 52 International Programs 91 .11 135 .13 3,193 53 Facilities 132 .16 273 .26 1,234 54 Editorial-Communications 920 1.14 1,107 1.05 6 80,763 99.98 105,840 99.98 2,171,271 *Only 76 percent of total available time was planned. Both planned time and expended time are based on an eight-hour day. Source: Retrieval Nos. 155 and 160. SUMMARY OF EXTENSION HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAM Major Audience Types for which Home Economics Programs are Designed: Number of Persons Reached Family Members 350,616 Senior Citizens 12,868 Families with Pre-school Children 2,744 Extension Homemaker Club Members 69,777 Handicapped 1,319 Residents of Low-income Housing 4,678 Paraprofessional Expanded Nutrition Program Aides 5,733 Major Subject Taught by Extension Home Economists: Family Living 28,284 Consumer Education 42,438 Family Economics 14,448 Legal Affairs 903 Food Buying 21,777 Nutrition 89,284 Donated Foods 0 Food Stamp Program 1,356 Food Preparation and Service 18,965 Food Preservation 21,478 Storage 149 Clothing 61,411 Textiles 1,247 Home Furnishings 23,671 Household Equipment 4,786 Home Grounds 135,855 Food Production/Gardens 9,605 Home Management 3,959 Housing 8,046 Human and Personal Development 124,449 Human Relationships 44,848 Health 17,450 Safety 10,970 Areas Reached by Expanded Nutrition Program: Counties-Adult Programs 28 Indian Reservations-Adult Programs 3 Counties-Youth Programs 7 Extension Program Aides 258 Number of organized Extension Homemaker Clubs 496 Number of Extension Homemaker Club Members 14,335 Number of Individuals reached by leaders in 259,190 Homemaker Clubs and Special Interest Meetings Number of Home Economics Subject Matter Leaders 2,857 SUMMARY OF 4-H YOUTH WORK Number of Organized 4-H Clubs Number of 4-H Special Interest Groups and other 4-H Units Number of 4-H Members: Boys Girls Volunteer Leaders: Adult 4-H junior and teen boys 4-H junior and teen girls 4-H Members by Place of Residence: Farm Towns under 10,000 and open country Towns and cities 10,000 to 50,000 Suburbs of city of over 50,000 Central city of over 50,000 4-H Members by Age Groups: Under 9 9 years of age 10 years of age 11 years of age 12 years of age 13 years of age 14 years of age 4,302 10,061 10,950 12,174 8,445 8,104 5,935 '15 years of age 16 years of age 17 years of age 18 years of age 19 years of age Over 19 3,549 1,783 1,058 391 129 29 TOTAL 66,910 Major Audience Types and Number of Persons Reached for 4-H Youth Work: Youth (4-H) Youth (4-H TV) Youth/Adult (4-H) Youth (Other) Youth/Adult (Other) Expanded Nutrition Program-Youth Phase Volunteer Leaders: Seven counties with youth program All Expanded Nutrition Program units in state Total Number Youth Enrolled in Nutrition Groups: Seven counties with youth program All Expanded Nutrition Program units in state 189,426 291 243,273 42,937 91,262 872 1,158 27,347 39,563 TOTAL 66,910 2,464 182 498 6,894 22,641 13,685 9,897 13,793 4,173 8,233 COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE FACULTY LIST* STATE FACULTY Joe N. Busby, Ph.D., Dean for Extension Jack T. McCown, Ed.D., Associate Dean for Extension Raymond C. Andrew, Ph.D., Assistant Dean, Personnel B. B. Archer, Ph.D., Assistant Dean-FAMU Programs, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee James J. Brasher, Ph.D., Assistant Dean, Chairman-4-H & Other Youth Programs Olive L. Morrill, Ed.D., Assistant Dean, Chairman-Home Economics James E. Ross, Ph.D., Assistant Dean, Agricultural Programs Forrest E. Myers, M.Ag., Assistant to the Dean Alto A. Straughn, Ph.D., Director, Program Evaluation and Organizational Development Emily E. King, Ph.D., Program Specialist Shaw E. Grigsby, Ph.D., Program Specialist Donald Y. Aska, B.S., Assistant in Agriculture (Marine Advisory Program) John H. Nininger, Jr., B.S., Administrative Assistant M. Hervey Sharpe, Ph.D., Communication Specialist & Chairman, Editorial Department Douglas L. Buck, M.Ag., Assistant Communication Specialist Roberts C. Smith, Jr., B.A., Assistant Communication Specialist Miss Alma Warren, M.S., Assistant Communication Specialist Thomas M. Leahy, Jr., M.S., Assistant in Editcrial (Marine Advisory Program) Leo Polopolus, Ph.D., Chairman, Food and Resource Economics Department John Holt, Ph.D., Assistant Economist, Farm Management Charles L. Anderson, M.S.A., Area Assistant Farm Management Specialist (Lake Alfred) George O. Westberry, M.S., Area Assistant Farm Management Specialist (Quincy) Charles Walker, M.S., Area Assistant Farm Management Specialist (Belle Glade) James C. Cato, Ph.D., Assistant Agricultural Economist James A. Niles, Ph.D., Assistant Agricultural Economist Ralph A. Eastwood, Ph.D., Economist, Marketing Stanley E. Rosenberger, Ph.D., Marketing Specialist, Vegetable Crops Kenneth M. Gilbraith, M.S.A., Vegetable Marketing Specialist Charles D. Covey, Ph.D., Economist, Marketing William K. Mathis, Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Economist, Marketing Robert O. Coppedge, Ph.D., Assistant Agricultural Economist George R. Perkins, Ph.D., Assistant Agricultural Economist Clisby C. Moxley, Ph.D., Economist Vernon C. McKee, Ph.D., Director of Planning and Business Affairs Virgil L. Elkins, M.S., Area Program Specialist, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee James C. McCall, M.S., Rural Area Development Specialist (Marianna) James A. Brown, M.S., Rural Area Development Specialist (Live Oak) Richard A. Levins, M.S., Area Assistant Farm Management Specialist (Bradenton) Thomas C. Skinner, M.Ag., Agricultural Engineer Dalton S. Harrison, M.S., Agricultural Engineer A. M. Pettis, M.S.A., Associate Agricultural Engineer Richard P. Cromwell, M.Eng., Assistant Agricultural Engineer Lloyd B. Baldwin, M.A., Assistant Agricultural Engineer D. E. McCloud, Ph.D., Chairman, Agronomy Department David W. Jones, M.S.A., Agronomist Wayne L. Currey, Ph.D., Assistant Agronomist Elmo B. Whitty, Ph.D., Associate Agronomist James T. Johnson, Ph.D., Assistant Agronomist Charles E. Freeman, M.S., Resident Instructor in Agronomy (Belle Glade) Tony J. Cunha, Ph.D., Chairman, Animal Science Department James E. Pace, M.S.A., Animal Husbandman Robert L. Reddish, Ph.D., Extension Meats Specialist Kenneth L. Durrance, M.Ag., Associate Animal Husbandman Ben H. Crawford, Ph.D., Assistant Animal Husbandman Robert S. Sand, Ph.D., Assistant Animal Husbandman Harold H. VanHorn, Jr., Ph.D., Chairman, Dairy Science Department Ronald L. Richter, Ph.D., Assistant Dairy Technologist Barney Harris, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Dairy Nutritionist Daniel W. Webb, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Dairy Husbandman W. G. Eden, Ph.D., Chairman, Entomology and Nematology Department James E. Brogdon, M.Ag., Entomologist John R. Strayer, Ph.D., Associate Entomologist *List of faculty as of 3/11/74 Donald W. Dickson, Ph.D., Assistant Nematologist Donald E. Short, Ph.D., Assistant Entomologist Freddie A. Johnson, M.S., Assistant Entomologist Kenneth G. Townsend, B.S., Assistant Extension Entomologist (Lake Alfred) John L. Gray, Ph.D., Director, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Thomas G. Herndon, M.S.F., Extension Forester o Anthony S. Jensen, M.S.F., Assistant Extension Forester Dennis R. Crowe, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Forester Alfred H. Krezdorn, Ph.D., Chairman, Fruit Crops Department Fred P. Lawrence, M.S., Citriculturist Larry K. Jackson, Ph.D., Assistant Horticulturist Timothy E. Crocker, Ph.D., Extension Specialist David P. H. Tucker, Ph.D., Assistant Horticulturist (Lake Alfred) Wilfred F. Wardowski, II, Ph.D., Assistant Horticulturist (Lake Alfred) James W. Strobel, Ph.D., Chairman, Ornamental Horticulture Department Harry G. Meyers, M.S.A., Assistant Ornamental Horticulturist Graham S. Smith, Ph.D., Assistant Ornamental Horticulturist Willard T. Witte, Ph.D., Assistant Ornamental Horticulturist Richard W. Henley, Ph.D., Associate Ornamental Horticulturist (Apopka) L. H. Purdy, Ph.D., Chairman, Plant Pathology Department Robert S. Mullin, Ph.D., Plant Pathologist Thomas A. Kucharek, Ph.D., Assistant Plant Pathologist Robert H. Harms, Ph.D., Chairman, Poultry Science Department Carroll R. Douglas, Ph.D., Associate Extension Poultryman Lester W. Kalch, M.Ag., Associate Extension Poultryman Robert B. Christmas, Ph.D., Assistant Extension Poultryman and Supervisor, National Egg Laying Test (Chipley) Charles F. Eno, Ph.D., Chairman, Soils Department James NeSmith, Ph.D., Soils Specialist John H. Herbert, Jr., M.S.A., Extension Conservationist - J. F. Kelly, Ph.D., Chairman, Vegetable Crops Department James Montelaro, Ph.D., Vegetable Crops Specialist James M. Stephens, M.S.A., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist James R. Hicks, Ph.D., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist Stephen R. Kostewicz, Ph.D., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist C. E. Cornelius, Ph.D., Chairman, Veterinary Science Department George W. Meyerholz, D.V.M., Extension Veterinarian R. A. Dennison, Ph.D., Chairman, Food Science Department Richard F. Matthews, Ph.D., Food Technologist William E. McCullough, M.S., Assistant Food Technologist William M. Sensabaugh, M.S., Assistant Engineer and Coastal Oceanographic Engineer Mason E. Marvel, Ph.D., Assistant Director of International Programs Mrs. Roberta H. Hall, M.S., Extension Home Furnishings Specialist Mrs. Marie S. Hammer, M.S., Extension Home Economist, (E.N.P.) Mrs. Beth H. Walsh, M.S., Extension Food Specialist Miss Vervil L. Mitchell, M.S., Home Management & Family Economics Specialist Mrs. Charla J. Durham, M.S., Home Management & Family Economics Specialist Miss Elizabeth E. Mumm, M.P.H., Health Education Specialist Mrs. Mary N. Harrison, M.S., Consumer Education Specialist Mrs. Lizette L. Murphy, M.S., Consumer Education Specialist Miss Glenda L. Warren, M.S., Food and Nutrition Specialist (E.N.P.) Mrs. Yancey B. Walters, M.H.E., Extension Home Economics Program Development Miss Sandra A. Claybrook, M.S., Extension Home Economist (E.N.P.) Miss Evelyn A. Rooks, M.H.E., Human Development Specialist Miss Lora A. Kiser, M.A., Extension Home Economist, Professional Development Miss R. Nadine Hackler, M.S., Clothing Specialist Mrs. Faye T. Plowman, M.A., Housing Specialist Grant M. Godwin, M.Ag., Associate State 4-H Club Agent Billy J. Allen, M.Ag., Associate State 4-H Club Agent Thomas C. Greenawalt, Ed.D., Associate State 4-H Club Agent Miss Ruth L. Milton, M.S., Associate State 4-H Club Agent Miss Linda L. Dearmin, M.S., Assistant State 4-H Club Agent Damon Miller, M.S., Assistant State 4-H Youth Development Specialist, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee Pauline F. Calloway, Ed.D., District Agent Ernest R. Wheaton, Ed.D., District Agent William H. Smith, Ed.D., District Agent Earl M. Kelly, Ed.D., District Agent ALACHUA COUNTY Wilburn C. Farrell, M.Ag. Adam T. Andrews, M.Ag. John E. Moser, B.S.A. Mrs. Jeanette S. Cardell, M.S. BAKER COUNTY Aubrey L. Harrell, M.A. Mrs. Roberta C. Hicks, B.S. BAY COUNTY Horace M. Carr, B.S. Mrs. Eliza M. Jackson, B.S. Mrs. Karen K. Olson, M.S. BRADFORD COUNTY Bobby L. Taylor, M.Ag. Miss Kathleen E. Brown, M.A. BREVARD COUNTY J. Lowell Loadholtz, M.S. Sylvester A. Rose, M.S. Alfred B. Humphrys, M.A. Mrs. Sue B. Bledsoe, B.S. Mrs. Aurilla D. Birrel, B.S. Mrs. Joy W. Satcher, B.S. BROWARD COUNTY Lewis E. Watson, M.S. James F. Cummings, M.Ag. William R. Llewellyn, M.S.A. Mrs. Dorothy Y. Gifford, B.S. Mrs. Sandra T. Alphonse, B.S. Mrs. Karen B. McNeil, B.A. Mrs. Elaine T. Klatt, M.S. CALHOUN COUNTY James R. Yelvington, M.Ag. Jerry A. Wyrick, M.S.A. Miss Linda D. Bamburg, B.S. CHARLOTTE COUNTY William ,L. Hatcher, B.S.A. CITRUS COUNTY Quentin Medlin, B.S.A. Mrs. Paula P. Stanley, B.S. CLAY COUNTY Thomas J. Godbold, B.S.E. Mrs. Ann V. Prevatt, B.A. Mrs. Emily G. Harper, B.S. COLLIER COUNTY Donald W. Lander, M.Ag. James E. Bellizio, M.S. Dallas B. Townsend, B.S.A. Mrs. Nancy K. Golonka, M.S. COLUMBIA COUNTY Neal M. Dukes, B.S. Richard H. Smith, M.S. Mrs. Mary E. Anderson, B.S. Mrs. Deborah M. George, B.S. DADE COUNTY John D. Campbell, B.S.A. Roy J. Champagne, M.S. Louis J. Daigle, M.Ag. Ralph W. Moore, B.S. Joseph D. Dalton, Ph.D. Seymour Goldweber, B.S. John F. McGuire, M.S.A. William M. Stall, Ph.D. Mrs. Justine L. Bizette, B.S. Mrs. Mary A. Holmes, M.S. Miss Victoria M. Simpson, B.S. Mrs. Grace R. Hauser, B.S. Mrs. Judy M. Dellapa, B.S. Miss Alice R. Blair, B.S. Miss Janith K. Masteryanni, M.S. Mrs. Mary R. Bohan, B.S. Mrs. Shirley R. Bond, M.A. DE SOTO COUNTY Kenneth M. Sanders, M.S. Mrs. Mary A. Roe, B.S. DIXIE COUNTY Thomas R. Burton, Jr., M.Ag. DUVAL COUNTY James N. Watson, B.S.A. Edward Allen, M.S.A. Thomas H. Braddock, Jr., M.S.A. Harold C. Jones, M.A. David L. Lawrence, M.S. Ernest L. Stephens, M.S. Mrs. Bessie J. Canty, M.S. Mrs. Sarah M. Board, B.S. Miss Tamer L. Britton, M.Ed. Miss Carol A. Lotz, B.S. Mrs. Duska M. Dorschel, M.S.H.E. Mrs. Sandra L. McCoy, B.S. ESCAMBIA COUNTY Edward J. Cowen, M.Ag. James H. Walker, M.S.A. Daniel E. Mullins, M.S. Marvin F. Weaver, M.S. Mrs. Edwena J. Robertson, B.S. Miss Mary J. Home, B.S. Miss Linda K. West, M.S. Mrs. Vicki B. Cobb, M.S. FLAGLER COUNTY George H. Newbury, M.S.A. FRANKLIN COUNTY James B. Estes, M.A. GADSDEN COUNTY John C. Russell, M.Ag. Bernard H. Clark, B.S.A. Henry G. Grant, M.S. Mrs. Marjorie B. Gregory, B.S. Mrs. Dicki D. Bentley, B.S. Mrs. Ursula H. Williams, B.S. GILCHRIST COUNTY Arthur D. Alston, M.Ag. GLADES COUNTY B. O. Bass, M.S.A. GULF COUNTY Cubie R. Laird, M.Ed. HAMILTON COUNTY Rance A. Andrews, B.S.A. Isaac Chandler, Jr., B.S. Mrs. Wylma B. White, M.S. HARDEE COUNTY Jack C. Hayman, M.Ag. Mrs. Nannie M. Cochran, B.S. HENDRY COUNTY Raymond H. Burgess, M.S.A. Clayton E. Hutcheson, M.S. Mrs. Rosemary A. Hunter, M.S. HERNANDO COUNTY Albert D. Dawson, B.S.A. Miss Rita A. Davis, B.S. HIGHLANDS COUNTY Bert J. Harris, Jr., B.S. George T. Hurner, Jr., B.S. HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY Jean Beem, M.S.A. Paul E. Glasscock, B.S. James E. Richards, M.S.A. Robert D. Downs, B.S.A. Wayne T. Wade, M.Ed. Charles F. Hinton, III, Ph.D. Roger D. Newton, M.S. Mrs. Mamie G. Bassett, B.S. Mrs. Helen P. Webb, B.S. Mrs. Virginia H. Coombs, B.S. Mrs. Ruth T. Penner, B.S. Mrs. Johnnie H. Johnson, B.S. HOLMES COUNTY Lawrence D. Taylor, M.S. William C. Taylor, B.A. Mrs. Mary J. Castello, B.S. INDIAN RIVER COUNTY Forrest N. McCullars, B.S.A. INDIAN RESERVATIONS Mrs. Vicki S. Chipman, B.A. JACKSON COUNTY Woodrow W. Glenn, M.S. William E. Collins, B.S.A. Charles L. Brasher, M.S. Mrs. Jane R. Burgess, B.S.H.E. JEFFERSON COUNTY Albert H. Odom, M.Ag. James A. Nealy, M.A. LAFAYETTE COUNTY James B. Morris, III, M.S. Mrs. Dona A. Ingle, M.S. LAKE COUNTY Jackson A. Haddox, M.A. John L. Jackson, M.Ag. Laurence A. Sistrunk, M.S. Mrs. Marian B. Valentine, B.S.H.E. Miss Doris L. Milligan, M.S. Mrs. Alice B. Ayers, M.Ret. LEE COUNTY Robert G. Curtis, B.S.A. Mrs. Dorothy J. Classon, B.S. Miss Charlotte A. Wise, B.A. LEON COUNTY Harvey T. Paulk, M.Ag. Michael E. Demaree, M.S.A. George C. Henry, M.Ed. Lawrence Heitmeyer, M.S. Mrs. Martha M. Walker, B.S. Mrs. Ann W. Parramore, B.S. Mrs. Lorraine T. Sanders LEVY COUNTY Leonard C. Cobb, M.Ag. William R. Womble, B.S.A. LIBERTY COUNTY William F. Marlow, M.E. MADISON COUNTY Oliver R. Hamrick, Jr., M.A. James C. Miller, B.S. John A. Baldwin, M.S.A. Mrs. Mae M. Anderson, B.S. Miss Deloris M. Jones, B.S. MANATEE COUNTY James L. App, Ph.D. Robert T. Montgomery, B.S.A. Larry W. Harms, M.S. William J. Messina, M.S. Miss Marne D. Kirby Miss Susan K. Shaw, B.S. MARION COUNTY Edsel W. Rowan, B.S.A. William J. Phillips, Jr., M.S. Robert L. Renner, M.A. Mrs. Sarah K. Thomas, B.S. Miss Barbara A. Cooper, B.S. Mrs. Jo M. Townsend, B.S. MARTIN COUNTY Robert B. Whitty, M.S. Mrs. Martha B. Norton, M.S. MONROE COUNTY Phillip B. Moore, Ph.D. Richard E. Warner, Ph.D. NASSAU COUNTY Judson T. Fulmer, M.Ed. Mrs. Sandra R. Jones, B.S. OKALOOSA COUNTY Jack D. Patten, B.S. Charles M. Walthall, M.S. Mrs. Ann P. Jeter, B.S. Mrs. Marilee M. Tankersley, B.S. OKEECHOBEE COUNTY Rayburn K. Price, M.Ag. Miss Brenda J. Cunningham, B.S. ORANGE COUNTY Henry F. Swanson, M.S.A. Bruce A. Barmby, M.S. Oscar J. Hebert, Jr., M.S. Thomas J. MacCubbin, M.S. Lester C. Floyd, B.S. Mrs. Marjorie L. Williams, B.S. Mrs. Mary A. Moore, M.A.T. Mrs. Leala R. Collins, B.S. Mrs. Linda W. Luman, B.S. OSCEOLA COUNTY James B. Smith, B.S.A. Mrs. Marilyn B. Tileston, B.S.H.E. PALM BEACH.COUNTY Robert S. Pryor, B.S. Frederick E. Boss, M.S. DeArmand L. Hull, M.S. Raleigh S. Griffis, M.Ag. John H. Causey, B.S.A. Mrs. Arlen C. Jones, B.S. Mrs. Marylou W. Shirar, M.Ed. Mrs. Ruth A. Holmes, B.S. Mrs. Beverly B. Harrington, B.S. PASCO COUNTY Luther L. Rozar, Jr., M.Ag. James D. Sumner, B.S.A. Miss Clara A. Smith, B.S. Mrs. Barmell B. Dixon, B.S. Mrs. Teresa W. Macrae, B.S. PINELLAS COUNTY Gilbert M. Whitton, Jr., M.Ag. Charles E. Rowan, M.Ag. Richard E. Bir, M.S. Mrs. Dorothy E. Draves, B.S. Miss Nancy B. Whigham, B.S. Mrs. Virginia D. Gardner, B.S. Mrs. Marilyn A. Lanctot, M.A. Mrs. Billie J. Stewart, B.S. POLK COUNTY Robert M. Davis, M.Ag. Thomas W. Oswalt, M.S.A. Ortis E. Carmichael, M.S. David M. Solger, M.Ag. Sidney L. Sumner, M.S.A. Ronald P. Muraro, M.S. Mrs. Alice P. Kersey, M.S. Mrs. Josephine M. Cameron, M.S. Mrs. Ruth A. Miller, B.S. Mrs. Gayle P. Jenkins, M.A. PUTNAM COUNTY Ralph T. Clay, B.S.A. Mrs. Essie H. Thompson, B.S. Mrs. Rosa L. Banks, B.S. ST. JOHNS COUNTY Paul L. Dinkins, M.Ag. James D. Dilbeck, M.S. Miss Nettle R. Brown, B.S. ST. LUCIE COUNTY Hugh C. Whelchel, B.S. Timothy P. Gaver, B.S. Mrs. Marguerite R. Brock, B.S. SANTA ROSA COUNTY William C. Zorn, M.Ag. Jack J. Spears, M.Ag. Miss Fern S. Nix, B.S. Miss Margaret M. Pitts, B.S. SARASOTA COUNTY Kenneth A. Clark, B.S.A. Edwin S. Pastorius, B.S.A. James L. Parrish, M.S. Miss Jeanette Meadows, M.S. Mrs. Betty M. McQueen, M.S. SEMINOLE COUNTY Frank J. Jasa, B.S.A. David A. DeVoll, M.S.A. Mrs. Louise L. Gill, B.S.H.E. SUMTER COUNTY Donald A. George, B.S.A. Miss Dorothy C. Perkins, B.S. SUWANNEE COUNTY William C. Smith, Jr., M.Ag. Henry E. Jowers, B.S. Mrs. Janice R. McRee, B.S.H.E. Mrs. Meredith C. Taylor, B.S. TAYLOR COUNTY Henry P. Davis, B.S.A. Mrs. Carole B. Mott, B.S. UNION COUNTY William J. Cowen, B.S.A. VOLUSIA COUNTY Thomas R. Townsend, M.S. Larry L. Loadholtz, M.S. George A. Hindery, Ph.D. Mrs. Betty M. Vernon, B.S. Mrs. Diane E. Yates, B.S. WAKULLA COUNTY Bobby R. Durden, B.S.A. Mrs. Marilyn J. Halusky, B.S. WALTON COUNTY James E. Thomaston, M.Ag. Mrs. Virginia C. Clark, B.S. Mrs. Becky E. Young, B.S. WASHINGTON COUNTY Johnnie E. Davis, M.Ag. Lenzy M. Scott, M.A. Miss Annie S. Elmore, M.S. List of county faculty as of 3/11/74 9-3M -74 This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1977.95, or sixty-six cents per copy, to inform the . people of Florida concerning Extension Service activities. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS (Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914) Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida and United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperating Joe N. Busby, Dean |