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Citation |
- Permanent Link:
- http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075773/00013
Material Information
- Title:
- Report Florida agricultural extension service
- Running title:
- Annual report
- Creator:
- University of Florida -- Agricultural Extension Division
University of Florida -- Agricultural Extension Service
Florida States College for Women
United States -- Dept. of Agriculture
- Place of Publication:
- Gainesville Fla. The Service
- Publisher:
- [s.n.]
- Creation Date:
- 1952
- Publication Date:
- 1939-
- Frequency:
- Annual
regular
- Language:
- English
- Physical Description:
- v. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Subjects
- Subjects / Keywords:
- Agricultural extension work -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
Home economics, Rural -- Periodicals -- Florida ( lcsh )
- Genre:
- serial ( sobekcm )
Notes
- Dates or Sequential Designation:
- 1939-
- Numbering Peculiarities:
- Report of general activities for ...with financial statement for the fiscal year ended June 30; report for 1939 called also: Silver anniversary report.
- Issuing Body:
- Issued by: Division of Agricultural Extension and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1917-1922; Agricultural Extension Division, Florida State College for women, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 1929- .
- General Note:
- At head of title: Cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics.
- Statement of Responsibility:
- University of Florida, Agricultural Extension Service, Florida State College for Women and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating.
Record Information
- Source Institution:
- University of Florida
- Holding Location:
- University of Florida
- Rights Management:
- Copyright Board of Trustees of the University of Florida
- Resource Identifier:
- 46387223 ( OCLC )
2001229382 ( LCCN )
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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS
(Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914)
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF PLORIDA
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
AND UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATING
H. G. CLAYTON, DIRECTOR
1952 REPORT
FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION SERVICE
REPORT OF GENERAL ACTIVITIES FOR 1952 with
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR ENDED
JUNE 30, 1952
BOARD OF CONTROL
Frank M. Harris, Chairman Eli H. Fink, Jacksonville
St. Petersburg W. Glenn Miller, Monticello
Hollis Rinehart, Miami Geo. W. English, Jr., Ft. Lauderdale
George J. White, Sr., Mt. Dora Mrs. Jessie B. duPont, Jacksonville
W. F. Powers, Secretary, Tallahassee
STAFF, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE J. Hillis Miller, Ph.D., President of the University 1 J. Wayne Reitz, Ph.D., Provost for Agriculture 1 H. G. Clayton, M.S.A., Director of Extension Marshall 0. Watkins, M. Agr., Assistant Director F. W. Parvin, M.S.A., Assistant to the Director ' Rogers L. Bartley, B.S., Administrative Assistant 1
Agricultural Demonstration Work, Gainesville J. Francis Cooper, M.S.A., Editor' Clyde Beale, A.B.J., Associate Editor' L. 0. Griffith, A.B.J., Assistant Editor' J. N. Joiner, B.S.A., Assistant Editor' J. Lee Smith. District Agent K. S. McMullen, M.Agr., District Agent F. S. Perry, B.S.A., District Agent H. S. MeLendon, B.A. Soil Conservationist R. S. Dennis, B.S.A., Executive Officer, P. & M. Admin.' C. W. Reaves, B.S.A., Dairy Husbandman N. R. Mehrhof, M. Agr., Poultry Husbandman' J. S. Moore, M.S.A., Poultryman A. W. O'Steen, B.S.A., Supervisor, Egg-Laying Test, Chipley T. J. Cunha, Ph.D., Animal Industrialist1 0. F. Goen, D.V.M., Animal Husbandman' J. E. Pace, M.S.A., Assistant Animal Industrialist L. T. Nieland, Farm Forester H. G. Hamilton, Ph.D., Agricultural Economist' Charles M. Hampson, MS., Agricultural Economist, Farm Management 1 D. E. Timmons, M.S.A., Economist in Marketing' E. W. Cake, Ph.D., Marketing Economist Clyde E. Murphree, M.S., Assistant Economist 2 Fred P. Lawrence, B.S.A., Citriculturist W. W. Brown, B.S.A., Boys' 4-H Club Agent John M. Johnson, B.S.A., Agricultural Engineer A. M. Pettis, B.S.A., Farm Electrification Specialist John D. Haynie, B.S.A., Apiculturist V. L. Johnson, Rodent Control Specialist' J. Russell Henderson, M.S.A., Agronomist' F. S. Jamison, Ph.D. Vegetable Crops Specialist1 2 James Montelaro, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist Stanley E. Rosenberger, M. Agr., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist Forrest E. Myers, M. Agr., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist
Home Demonstration Work, Tallahassee Anna Mae Sikes, M.S., State Agent Ethyl Holloway, B.S., District Agent Mrs. Edyth Y. Barrus, B.S.H.E., District Agent Joyce Bevis, A.M., District Agent Mrs. Bonnie J. Carter, B.S., Home Improvement Specialist Mrs. Gladys Kendall, A.B., Home Industries and Marketing Specialist Lorene Stevens, B.S., State Girls' 4-H Club Agent Bronna Mae Elkins, B.S.H.E., Assistant Girls' 4-H Club Agent Cleo M. Arnett, M.S., Extension Nutritionist Helen D. Holstein, M.S., Food Conservation Specialist Alice L. Cromartie, M.S., Assistant Economist in Food Conservation Katherine Simpson, M.S., Extension Clothing Specialist Alma Warren, M.S., Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist Frances C. Cannon, M.S., Health Education Specialist
Negro Extension Work, Tallahassee Floy Britt, B.S.H.E., Negro District Agent J. A. Gresham, B.S.A., Negro District Agent
1 Cooperative, other divisions, U. of F. 2 On leave. ' In cooperation with U. S.
CONTENTS
Page
D irector's R eport f or Florida . . 7
Statistical Report ----------------------------------- . 11
Publications, N ew s, R adio . 15
Safety and Fire Prevention . - . 19
Supervision of County A gents ----------------------- . 20
A gricultural Econom ics . 21
Farm M anagem ent A ctivities ---------------- --------------------------------- . 21
Citrus Grove M anagem ent . -------------- . 22
M arketing . 23
Agricultural Engineering and Farm Electrification . 25
A gricultural Engineering . . 25
Farm E lectrification ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
A gronom y . . 32
A nim al H usbandry . 34
A piculture . 36
Boys' 4-H Club W ork ----------------------------------------------------------------------- . 38
Citrus Culture . ; . . 41
Dairy H usbandry . 43
Forestry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Poultry A ctivities . 49
Soil and W ater Conservation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52
V egetable Production and M erchandising --------------------------------------------------------- 54
V egetable Production . 54
V egetable M erchandising ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56
H om e D em onstration W ork . --------------- - ------------ - ------------------------------- 57
Clothing and Textiles . I . 60
Editorial and V isual A ids . ------------------------------- ---------------------- 61
Food and N utrition . ------------------------------------------------------------------ 62
Food Conservation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64
Food Production --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 65
Girls'4-H Club W ork ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 67
H ealth Education ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 69
H om e Im provem ent ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
H om e Industries andM marketing ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73
N egro Farm D em onstration W ork ------------------------------------------------------------------ 76
N egro H om e D em onstration W ork . 78
N egro Statistical Report, M en and W om en . 79
(31
COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS
(As of November 30, 1952)
COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION
AGENT
Alachua-.Loonis Buitch. Gainesville. --Mrs. Josephine McSwine Alachua
(Asst.)-.Lester W. Kaich.------Gainesville -------------.Miss Zena Cox
Baker-------.G. T. Huggins_-------- -Macdlenny--------------------------------Bay--------.S. A. Sorenson.--------.Panama CityMiss Emma L. Stevenson
Bradford.-.-.--Starke-------.Miss Dorothy P. Ross
Brevard-.S. T. Oxford---.----- --Cocoa-----._---- Mrs. Eunice F. Gay
Broward-.B. E. Lawton-.------- Ft. Lauderdale ----Miss Louise Taylor
Broward
(Asst.)-.Robert S. Pryor .-----Ft. Lauderdale----------.--------.
Calhoun-.Thomas B. Jones.-------Blountstown -.Miss Nancy E. White
Calhoun
(Asst.)-.Horace M. Carr- .Blountstown-------I----------------.
Charlotte-.N. H. McQueen --------Punta Gorda --------------------------------Citrus -------.Quentin Medlin------.Inverness ------Mrs. Doris R. Turner
Citrus (Asst.)Edsel W. Rowan.----Inverness-.------------------.
Clay--------.Charles C. Below----Green Cove SpringsMrs. Sue P. Murphy
Columbia-----------------------.Lake City -----Mrs. Glenn M. Sewell
Columbia
(Asst.)-.Neal M. Dukes-------.Lake City ------------------------.
Dade----- -----C. H. Steffani-------.Miami ------ ---- Miss Eunice Grady
Dade (Asst.)X.J. Lawrence Edwards .Miami---.----------.Miss Olga Kent
Dade (Asst.)l.John D. Campbell--. Homestead----------------- __ .
Dade (Asst.) . Rayburn K. Price--.Miami----.-----Mrs. Ruth T. Penner
DeSoto-.W. L. Woods ------------Arcadia.---------------Dixie-------.I. 0. Harrison---------- Cross City.-------.
Duval-------.James N. Watson.-.Jacksonville-.Miss Pearl Laffitte
Duval (Asst.).Wm. E. Kloeppel -----Jacksonville .Miss Betty Lou Nuttle Duval (Asst.)_----- ---_-------------- .-Jacksonville.-.Miss Louise M. Spaeth
Escambia-.E. N. Stephens------.Pensacola-.Miss Ethel Atkinson
Escambia
(Asst.)-.Henry P. Davis-.Pensacola ---------- Mrs. Lucy M. Gray
Gadsden-.A. G. Driggers--.----Quincy---------.Miss Elise Laffitte
Gadsden
(Asst.)-.Bernard H. Clark . -Quincy-.Mrs. Marjorie B. Gregory Gilchrist-.Harry E. George-.Trenton. Glades------.A. G. Hutchinson-.Moore Haven --.
Gulf--------.C. R. Laird -----------_-Wewahitchka~ .-Miss Ruth L. Milton
Hamilton-.A. E. Nesmith-------. .Jasper.-----------------------------------Hardee-.E. H. Vance---------.Wauchula .Mrs. Mamie C. Daughtry
Hendry-._.H. L. Johnson ----------- LaBelle .
Hernando-.Harry J. Brinkley.---Brooksville.--.
Highlands.V. T. Oxer----------.Sebring -----Miss Catherine Brabson
Highlands
(Asst.) .Bert J. Harris, Jr-.Sebring. Hillsborough . Alec White----------.Tampa------------.Miss Lora Kiser
Hillsborough
(Asst.) .Edwin Booth--------.Tampa-------------------------.
COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS-(Continued)
COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION
AGENT
Hillsborough
(Asst.)-.Jean Beem----------._ .Tampa --------------------------------------Hilisborough
(Asst.)-.Neal B. Witmer -.Tampa . Hillsborough
(Asst.)-.J. 0. Armor --------- ----Plant City -----------Miss Emily King
Hillsborough
(Asst.).Rukn------------------_-----ukn-----Miss Ethel Weeks
Holmes
(Acting)-.John C. Russell------. .Bonifay------------ Mrs. Anita B. Davis
Indian River.Marcel A. Boudet--.Vero Beach -----------------------Jackson.Woodrow W. Glenn ----Marianna -----Mrs. Alyne C. Heath
Jackson
(Asst.)-W. illiam C. Zorn--------Marianna.------.
Jefferson.Albert H. Odom-.Monticello ----Mrs. Mary C. McLeod Lafayette .S. L. Brothers ----------- Mayo --------------------_-I.
Lake---- --.R. E. Norris--------.Travares ------Mrs. Lucie K. Miller
Lake (Asst.).ilnck T. McCown--.Tavares ----Miss Martha C. Burdine
Lee . C. P. Heuck-------------- Fort Myers ------------------------------Leon. James L. Rhoden-------Tallahassee -----Mrs. Nellie D. Mills
Leon (Asst.) .Doflald E. Adams -------Tallahassee .
Levy--------.T. D. Rickenbaker------Bronson ---Miss Margaret M. Godfrey
Liberty-.Horace M. Carr ---- .Bristol .Mrs. Camilla RI. Alexander
Madison-.Oliver R. Hamrick, Jr.J-Madison-.Miss Bennie F. Wilder Manatee .Wilson H. Kendrick-.Palmetto-------.Mrs. Anne D. Davis
Manatee
(Asst.).Johnnie F. Barco-.Palmetto.----------------------.----Manatee
(Asst.) .Robert G. Curtis -----Palmetto --------------------------Marion .A. David Baillie, Jr-aa-------Ocl.Miss Allie Lee Rush
Marion
(Asst.) .Carey A. Robbins------Ocala-.Miss Catherine S. Prevedel
Martin.L. M. Johnson-------.Stuart-------.Mrs. Lucile I. Clagett
Nassau-.Gordon B. Ellis---------- Hilliard-.Mrs. Julia P. Jernagan
Okaloosa.Alexander H.
Clemmons---------.Crestview.--------.----------------Okeechobee .C. R. Boyles---------.Okeechobee.-------.--------Orange.F. E. Baetzman---------Orlando .Miss Marjorie K. Ludeman
Orange (Asst.) Henry F. Swanson -----Orlando .Miss Nancy RI. Watlington Osceola. B. Gunna---------------- Kissimmee-. .Miss Muriel A. Beck
Palm Beach.M. U. Mounts-------.West Palm Beach .Miss Sara Horton
Palm Beach
(Asst.) .John H. Causey------_West Palm BeachMiss Elizabeth Hudson
Palm Beach.
(Asst.)-.H. L. Speer -------------Belle Glade .-------------Pasco-------.J. F. Higgins ------------ Dade City-.Mrs. Mary R. Stearns
Pasco (Asst.).James B. Smith--.Dade City. Pinellas.J. H. Logan _------------ ClearwaterMrs. Charlotte M. Lattimer
Pinellas
(Asst.) .L. E. Cunningham---Clearwater ----Mrs. Ruth Ann Ferris
COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS-(Continued)
COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION
AGENT
Polk--------.W. P. Hayman-------.Bartow -.-. Mrs. Minnie M. Carlton
Polk (Asst.)L.Thomas W. Sparks----Bartow -_-------- Miss Doris E. Frazier
Polk (Asst.)t.Earl M. Kelly ----------- Bartow -------------------------------------Polk (Asst).lacksonl A. Haddox-.Bartow------------------------.
Putnam-.H. E. Maltby ------------ Palatka ---Mrs. Elizabeth W. Starbird
Putnam (Asst.)Ralph T. Clay ---_--- Palatka-.---------.------.
Saint Johns--P. R. McMullen---------St. Augustine.Miss Anna E. Heist
Saint Lucie-.Charles D. Kine-.Fort Pierce, . Miss Sammie J. Kilgore Santa Rosa-.Emmett D. McCall ----Milton--------------- Miss Lora A. Botts
Santa Rosa
(Asst.)-.Grant M. Godwin- lo----------Mltn.-.-.-.-.
Sarasota-.Kenneth A. Clark-------Sarasota-.Mrs. Laleah B. Brown
Sarasota
(Asst.)-.Frank L. Polhill- Srst------------------Saaoa.
Seminole-.C. R. Dawson-------.Sanford ------------- Miss Lila Woodard
Sumter-.0. M. Maines, Jr-.Bushnell--Miss Magdalene M. Downey Sumter (Asst.) Wilburn C. Farrell -----.Bushnell-.---------.----------.
Suwannee-.Floyd L. Eubanks ----Live Oak -----Miss Esther B. Foster
Suwannee
(Asst.) .Leonard C. Cobb -------Live Oak----.------.
Taylor------.S. C. Kierce ------------- Perry-.Mrs. Ruth McKeown Elkins
Union-------.William J. Cowen-.Lake Butler .
Volusia-.William J. Platt, Jr- --DeLand -----------Mrs. Edna L. Eby
Volusia
(Asst.)-.Thomas R. Townsendi-DeLand-----.-------.---.
Wakulla .A. S. Laird --------------Crawfordville -------------------.
Walton-.Mitchell Wilkins-.DeFuniak SpringsMrs. Florence M. Gatlin
Washington-.Johnnie E. Davis-.Chipley-.Mrs. Mary L. Minchin
NEGRO COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS
COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION
AGENT
Alachua-.English M. Greene-.Gainesville-------.Leontine Williams
Columbia-. .McKinley Jleffers-.Lake City----------.Gladys Wilkins
Dade.Mai-----------------_------Mai-- ----Victoria M. Simpson
Duval--------------------------.Jacksonville--------.Ethel M. Powell
Gadsden-.Russell Stephens -----Quincy--------.Ursula H. Williams
Hamilton-.Isaac Chandler, Jr------White Springs.Hillsboro-------------.Tma-----------Tap ------------ .Sudella J. Ford
Jackson-.Virgil Elkins --------_--Marianna ------Virginia V. Dickens
Jefferson-.M. E. Groover ------_-.-.Monticello ----------------------------------L-eo n--------.Richard A. Hartsfield .Tallahassee---------.Irie Mae Clark
Madison-.James C. Miller-.Madison.---------.Lola E. Preston
Marion -.Eugene P. Smith - O al-------------Oal-. -. -.
Marion-------------------------.Reddick ------------------- Idella R. Kelly
Putnam------------------------.Palatka -----_------------ Mary E. Jones
Sumter-.Richard L. Bradley-.Bushnell-----------------------. .
Volusia----------------------------------------- DeLand ---------------- Ida T. Pemberton
DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR FLORIDA
H. G. Clayton, Director
Marshall 0. Watkins, Assistant Director F. W. Parvin, Assistant to the Director'
This report contains in briefed form an outline of various phases of Extension work carried on in 1952. Additional and more complete information is available but has not been included, due to the need for keeping the length of this report within reasonable limits.
Florida is making rapid advancements in such agricultural fields as mechanization, pesticides, improved varieties of crops and higher producing livestock. As a result, the entire field of agriculture is becoming more specialized and managing the farm business is a highly complicated operation. It is more necessary than ever that Extension personnel be well qualified professionally so they may keep abreast of 'progress in research and carry out effective Extension programs.
Sixty-four counties are now served by county agents and 47 by county home demonstration agents. There are 40 assistant county agents and 15 assistant home demonstration agents.
During the year three additional assistant county agents, one assistant home demonstration agent and two county clerks were added to county staffs. Most of the necessary additional funds for these increases were provided from county sources. A number of other counties requested additional county Extension agents to provide needed educational programs in fields not now adequately covered. Such requests included home demonstration agents in some of the 20 counties not now having this work and assistant agents in counties where the present county Extension staff is unable to carry out needed programs in certain fields due to the existing heavy work load per worker. These counties agreed to provide the usual countyportion of the cost of employing such additional workers. However, necessary state and federal funds were not available to match county appropriations and supply the needed workers.
The specialist staff is responsible for providing county workers with new research information in various subject-matter fields. Men specialists are housed at the University of Florida and women specialists at Florida State University. At present one specialist covers the entire state in most fields and in others, such as entomology, no specialist is employed. This creates a serious gap in the effective passage of information to the field. It was not possible to add any additional men specialists during 1952. Two specialists were added to the state home demonstration staff to fill positions previously created but not filled.
By more efficient planning of Extension activities and by insuring that all educational programs started were sound, it was possible to increase the amount and effectiveness of educational work performed by each worker. This permitted some progress during the year in meeting agricultural and home economics needs. For example, the agents made 5,835 more farm or home visits in 1952 than in 1951, the number of office calls increased by 17,562 and 679 more news articles or stories were published. The number of farms on which changes resulted from the agricultural program increased by 1,169 in 1952 and 6,386 more non-farm families made changes as a result of the agricultural J)rogram.
1 On Leave effective May 15, 1952.
8 Florida Cooperative Extension
In 4-H1 Club work there was a slight increase in membership during the year, but reports show that more members received definite training in specific fields. The number of 4-H members receiving training in judging rose from 4,546 in 1951 to 6,293 in 1952, or an increase of 1,747. The number of 4-H members giving demonstrations increased from 8,732 in 1951 to 10,004 in 1952. More club members -received training in recreational leadership, fire and accident prevention and wildife conservation.
SOURCES OF REVENUE 1951-52 Federal Funds:
Smith-Lever ---------------------------------- .$ 82,384.75
Bankhead-Jones--------------------------.129,651.51
Capper-Ketcham ---------------------------------------- 28,802.26
Bankhend-Flannagan-----------------.---121,915.18
Clarke-McNary----------------------------.1,620.00
Research & Marketing-----------------------. 906.25
Farm Housing .-------_----------------640.00
Rural Electrification ------------------------------------ 2,500.00
$ 368,419.95
State Appropriations:
Legislature-----.---------.-.-.$461,295.00 $ 461,295.00
State Trust Funds:---------------------------.18,086.84 18,086.84
County Appropriations:-.-.457,313.00 457,313.00
Grand Total----------------------------------------------.$1,305,114.79
SOURCES OF REVENUE 1952-53 Federal Funds:
Smith-Lever --------------------------------------------- $ 82,384.75
Bankhead-Jones ----------------------------------------- 129,651.51
Capper-Ketcham--------------------------.28,802.26
Bankhead-Flannagan ---------- _----------_--------- 121,915.18
Clarke-McNary.-------------------1,620.00
Research & Marketing-------------------------------- 906.25
Farm Housing------------------------------. 640.00
Rural Electrification ------------------------.2,500.00
$ 368,419.95
State Appropriations:
Legislature -------_- ---------------------------------- $498,640.97 $ 498,640.97*
State Trust Funds:---------------------------.17,822.13 17,822.13
County Appropriations:----------------------. .490,392.00 490,392.00
Grand Total ----------------------------------------------------$1,375,275.05
*Includes $37,345.97 in carried-over funds from 1951-52 appropriation.
Annual Report, 1952
p
Fig. 1. Director Clayton, on behalf of the National Fertilizer Association, awards a cupi for 1951 pasture improvement to Bradley Munroe of Gadsden County.
PERSONNEL
The need for Extension workers to be informed regaiding new subject matter anti methods in order to best serve the state is recognized. A constant effort is made to encourage and provide ways for -workers to become more proficient.
The continuous process of training workers is can ied on in many differentt ways. Among the most important is the lprofessional improvemnent goal each worker sets for himself and achieves by reading professional magazines, study of books and bulletins and by attending professional meetings.
The state staff aids in the training process. District supervisors conduct on-the-job training in office management, program planning and program execution. Specialists help the county staff keep current in subject matter by sending new research information through letters and in area training meetings, usually held at Experiment Stations.
An Annual Conference, held in October each year, serves to bring to all county workers subject-imatter and methods information. It also brings them outstanding speakers wvho discuss national and international problems relating to agriculture and homemaking.
Florida 'Cooperative Extension
A three weeks' summer school for Extension workers was continued in 1952. The four courses offered were Advanced Agricultural Extension Service Youth Programs, Soils, Ornamental Horticulture and Agricultural Extension Work Through Group Action. Eighteen Extension workers attended this school.
An Extension Training Committee functions to determine the courses to be offered and assists with other details of the schools. Five state and county staff members attended Regional Extension summer schools in 1952. One state staff member is on leave for graduate study.
In July 1952 a special three weeks' graduate course in citrus grove management was offered at the Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, to county agents and assistants. Eleven agents completed this course, which carried three hours graduate credit.
DEVELOPING STATE PROGRAMS
Following the 'policy of program development established in Florida in the fall of 1949, progress continued in the development of agriculture and homemaking programs in the counties. The process of developing these county programs involved the use of community and county planning or commodity committees. Many counties have programs which were developed cooperatively with 'people in the counties. Other counties are making progress in this direction. Emphasis has been placed on having one overall Extension program for each county to cover the work of all county Extension agents.
Efforts are being made to have annual plans of work reflect activities to be carried on during a single year which will contribute to the longtime program.
Specialists supply county workers a brief summary of situations, problems and suggested solutions in each subject-matter field before county plans are made.
A State Citrus Advisory Committee, composed of state and county staff members, -serves to develop the Extension citrus program. This program includes suggestions and recommendations on demonstrations, tours, Extension marketing activities and aids in developing the county program.
A Vegetable Advisory Committee helps to develop the Extension vegetable program in much the same way as described for citrus.
Four-H Club work for boys includes all subject-matter fields and requires coordination with most programs. This is accomplished through state and county committees. The state is divided into 10 4-H Club districts. County agents and assistants in each district elect a chairman each year and meet as a group at least once a year to plan the year's program. State staff members attend these meetings. Out of this planning conference emerge plans for 4-H shows, training meetings for 4-H club officers and other events.
Home demonstration programs are developed largely by county home demonstration councils, working with county home demonstration agents and state staff members. These councils elect representatives to the state council, which meets annually at the University of Florida, to plan and develop a state program. This annual meeting provides an opportunity to recognize publicly leadership achievements of the county and state council members and also brings home demonstration work to the attention of the University and the state.
Annual Report, 1952
EXTENSION TRAINING FOR FOREIGN VISITORS
During May 19-30, 1952, the Agricultural Extension Service, working with the Experiment Station and the Teaching Division of the College of Agriculture, conducted a fruit and vegetable short course for 12 European visitors.
Detailed Exension training 'programs were planned and arranged for 14 foreign visitors from the Netherlands, Philippines, Burma, Brazil, Formosa, Egypt, Pakistan, Peru and Nepal.
In addition, Extension assisted with training 12 other visitors from the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Raos, Pakistan, Egypt and Greece.
Interviews and assistance were given to numerous other foreign visitors whose primary interests were other than agriculture. Twenty-five Turkish educators have been in residence at the University as guests of the College of Education. The county agent of Alachua County and his assistant assisted with this group's training.
CHANGES IN STATE STAFF
Appointments:
James E. Pace, Assistant Animal Industrialist, February 1, 1952.
Edwin W. Cake, Acting Economist in Marketing, March 1, 1952.
James Montelaro, Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist, September 1, 1952.
Miss Bronna Mae Elkins, Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent, September 1, 1952.
Miss Helen D. Holstein, Assistant Economist in Food Conservation, April 1, 1952.
Miss Frances C. Cannon, Assistant Health Education Specialist, June 1, 1952.
Resignations:
Miss Ruth S. Lemmon, Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent, June 30, 1952.
Joe N. Busby, Assistant State Boys' 4-H Club Agent, October 14, 1952.
Granted LeaveFrank S. Jamison, Vegetable Crop Specialist, July 20, 1952.
Fayette W. Parvin, Assistant to the Director, May 13, 1952.
Clyde E. Murphree, Assistant Economist, Marketing & Farm Management, September 22, 1952.
STATISTICAL REPORT, MEN AND WOMEN
Data from White County and Home Demonstration Agents' Reports
GENERAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Months of service (agents and assistants) ----------------------------------------- _ 1,867.7
Days of service: In office-20,952; In field-24,679 . 45,631 Farm or home visits made . 74,480 Different farms or homes visited . 40,756 Calls relating to Extension work: Office-262,828; Telephone . 234,674 Days devoted to work with 4-H Clubs and older youths . 15,292 News articles or stories published . . 12,009
12 Florida Cooperative Extension
Bulletins distributed ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- 325,096
Radio talks broadcast or prepared . 2,589 Training meetings held for local leaders or committeemen:
N um ber ------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,700
Total attendance of men and women ------------------------------------------- . 21,582
Method demonstration meetings:
N um ber . -----------------------_ --- 13,058
Total attendance . 275,255
T ours . . 657 Achievement days held for 4-11, older youth, and adult work ---- 770
4-H camps
Boys attending . 2,008 G irls attending . 1,818
SUMMARY OF EXTENSION INFLUENCE
Total num ber of farm s . 56,921 Farms on which changes practices have resulted from agricultural
program ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- 32,069
Farms in which changes in practices resulted from agricultural
program for the first time this year . 5,475 Non-farm families making changes in practices as result of the
agricultural program --------------------------------------------------------------------- . 29,167
Farm homes in which changes in 'practices have resulted from
dem onstration program ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17,500
Farm homes in which changes in practices resulted from home
demonstration programs for the first time this year ---- . 3,978
Non-farm families making changes in practices as a result of home
demonstration programs ---------_-------- . ---------------_-- . 17,761
Non-farm families making changes practices as a result of home
demonstration program for the first time this year . 4,978
Farm homes with 4-H club members enrolled ------------------------------------ 11,396
Non-farm families with 4-11 club members enrolled . 8,195
Different farm families influenced by some phase of Extension
program ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40,925
Other families influenced by some phase of Extension 'program _. . 45,451
COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL PLANNING
Total number of communities in counties ----------- - . 922
Number of * communities in which the extension program has been
planned cooperatively --- . - . 683
SUMMARY OF 4-H CLUB PROJECTS
4-H Membership
Boys: Farm-6,846; non-farm-3,056; total ---------------------------------- 9,902
Girls: Farm-6,406; non-farm-6,393; total . . 12,799 N um ber clubs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 1,061
N um ber enrolled --------------------------------------------------------------------------- I . ------------ 22,701
N um ber com pleting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15,351
Projects com pleted by boys . 9,802 Projects com pleted by girls . 25,725 Boys completing corn and 'peanut projects . . . - 1,036 Boys completing fruit projects . -------- . . . __ ----------- 134
Annual Report, 1952
Boys completing garden projects -------------------------------------------------------Boys completing market. gardens, truck and canning crops . ------Boys completing cotton and tobacco projects . . Boys com pleting poultry projects -----------------------------------------------------------Boys completing potato (Irish and sweet) projects -----------------------
Boys completing beef cattle and swine projects ---------------------------------Girls com pleting fruit projects -----------------------------------------------------------------Girls com pleting garden )projects . Girls completing market gardens, truck and canning crops . Girls com pleting dairy projects -----------------------------------------------------------Girls completing poultry projects . Girls completing food selection and preparation projects ---------------Girls completing health, home nursing and first-aid projects . . Girls completing clothing, home management, home furnishings
and roorn improvement projects . Girls completing food preservation projects ---------------------------------------4-H clubs engaging in community activities such as improving
school grounds and conducting local fairs ---------------------------- ----------DAYS DEVOTED TO SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS BY EXTENSION AGENTS
1,985 133 119 1,397 150 1,805
247 1,975
84 169 826 5,333
1,034
8,995
1,354
559
CROP PRODUCTION Days devoted to:
LIVESTOCK, DAIRYING
POULTRY
Days devoted to:
Dairy cattle ------------ . 1,9
Beef cattle ----------------- _ ---- 2,
Sheep .
Sw ine ------------ . ---- 1,
Horses and Mules .
Poultry (including
turkeys) . __ 1,11
Other livestock . 1
FARM MANAGEMENT
Days devoted to:
Farm accounts, etc. 5
Individual farm
planning, etc . . . 6
Farm credit ----------- ---------- 3
Outlook information ------ 2
MARKETING AND
DISTRIBUTION
Corn . ------------Other Cereals --------__---Legum es ---------------------------Pastures .
Cotton .
Tobacco . --- _ --- -----Potatoes and other vegetables . .
Fruits ---- . . .
Other crops . -------------------
732 229 1,303 2,968
210 422
1,789 1,863
47ro
54 555 13 539 68
71
34
CONSERVATION
OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Days devoted to:
Soil and water . 1,172 Forestry -_------------------------ 531
W ildlife . --------_-------- 210
GENERAL ECONOMIC
PROBLEMS RELATED TO
AGRICULTURE
Days devoted to:
Price and trade policies 67
Land policy and
programs -------------------- 60
Public finance and
service ------------------------ 63
Rural welfare . 256
95
60-1/2
14 67%
Days devoted to:
General -------------------------Grain and Hay ---------------Livestock . .
Dairy products .
Poultry and eggs .
Fruits and vegetables ---Cotton .
Forest products .
288 133 603 227
484 572
441/2 96
Florida Cooperative Extension
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING,
Days devoted to:
House plans, const ruction, water systems,
heating, etc . . 298
Rural electrification -------- 304 Farm buildings . 275
Farm mechanical
equipment -------------------- 369
HOME MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT, FAMILY ECONOMICS, NUTRITION
& HEALTH
Days devoted to:
House, furnishings and
surroundings -------------- 1,747
Home management . Clothing and textiles . Family relationships . Recreation and community life . Home production of
family food supply Food preservation
and storage . Food selection and preparation . Other health and safety
w ork . Other commodities -------Home products and
crafts .
Purchasing of farm &
home supplies and equipment ----------------
462 2,5751/2
445 1,137 1,692 1,510
2,110 840 130
475 400
Annual Report, 1952
PUBLICATIONS, NEWS, RADIO
J. Francis Cooper, Editor
Clyde Beale, Associate Editor
L. Odell Griffith, Assistant Editor
Jasper N. Joiner, Assistant Editor
While the number of bulletins and circulars 'printed during the fiscal year was smaller than for the preceding 12 months, other editorial services were expanded. The department is making a special effort to develop visual aids services and acquire equipment.
The Editor continued to serve as distribution officer for USDA publications, and sent hundreds of them to county and home demonstration agents.
Demand continued heavy for the more popular Extension bulletins and circulars. These, along with record books and miscellaneous supplies, are distributed from the mailing room. Copies of all new bulletins and circulars are sent to county and home demonstration agents, libraries, and some professional workers. Subsequently, the publications are distributed on request only.
PUBLISHED MATERIALS
A 4-H club song book with music, needed for some years, was published during this fiscal year and is being put to widespread use. Five new bulletins and two new circulars were issued and one bulletin and one circular were reprinted. The new bulletins totaled 180 pages, the new circulars 16 pages. Copies printed totaled 74,000 of the new bulletins, 42,000 of the new circulars.
Additional materials printed included record books for junior 4-H club members raising gardens, breeding livestock, young livestock, forests, poultry and rabbits, and girls doing clothing work, 4-H record book, clothing record, 4-H electricity record, window cards for the Poultry Institute and two Farm and Home Institutes, blanks for egg records and agents' monthly reports, and a program for the Boys' 4-H Short Course.
Principal items published during the year included the following:
Pages Edition
Bul. 149 Selecting and Culling Poultry . 20 20,000 Bul. 150 Propagation of Ornamental Plants . 56 30,000 Bul. 151 Beekeeping in Florida . 32 12,000 Bul. 152 Native and Exotic Palms of Florida . 72 12,000 Bul. 140 Dooryard Citrus Plantings in Florida (reprint) .- 24 30,000 Circ. 104 Vegetable Garden Production Guide . 12 30,000 Circ. 105 Suggested Pecan Spray Schedule for Florida . 4 12,000
Circ. 95 A Cow and Calf Plan for Florida (revised) . 6 12,000
Songs for Florida 4-H Clubs -_------------ . . 36 15,000
County and home demonstration agents in 64 counties reported distributing 339,782 bulletins during the year.
SERVICE TO NEWSPAPERS AND FARM JOURNALS
The weekly clipsheet, Agricultural News Service, containing 8 to 15 separate articles each time, was printed and distributed for its 29th year. It continued to serve the Agricultural Experiment Stations, College of
Florida Coo peratire Extension
Agriculture, State Plant Board and related state and federal agencies, as well as the Extension Service. Distributed primarily to weekly newspapers, it went also to county and home demonstration agents, vocational agriculture teachers, farm journals, some radio stations, and others working with groups of farm people.
The Associated Press wire service continued to take from one to .several stories each week, as supplied by the Extension Editors. Special stories, often accompanied by pictures, were supplied one or more daily newspapers direct at frequent intervals. Newspaper farm page editors and farm journal editors were assisted in gathering materials of their own on campus.
County and home demonstration agents in 64 counties reported having 12,416 articles and stories published in their local newspapers. A m1-at for a county agent column heading was supplied several agents and at least one story for them to release went to 30 agents.
Of material prepared by the Florida Extension Editors, two national publications printed two articles occupying 51 column inches, two Southern journals carried four stories in 58 column inches, and six Florida farm periodicals printed 15 articles for a total of 479 column inches of space.
RAI)IO AND TELEVISION
Early in 1952 the Extension Service staged one 30-mninute television show over a Jacksonville station, giving information about poultry production and marketing. The Extension Editor also sent one slide and two spot motion pictures to television stations in Jacksonville and Miami.
The Extension Dairyman was taped for the Mutual Newsreel and for two minutes told listeners to over 500 stations throughout the United
Fig. 2. This show, presenting pointers from baby chicks to ready-to-eat poultry meat, was one of the television programs presented during the year.
Annual Report, 1952
States about the 4-H dairy judging team from Florida which had won national honors and was going to England boping-to participate in an international judging contest.
For eight Florida radio stations the Editors cut 24 tapes which contained 42 talks by Extension Service staff members, as well as Experiment Station workers and others. County and home demonstration agents in 41 counties reported preparing and making 2,686 radio talks.
The Florida Farm Hour over University Radio Station WRUF from 12:15 to 12:45 five days a week and from 12:30 to 12:45 Saturdays continued to be a means of disseminating a large amount of information. Farm news highlights were a daily feature for 308 times, home economics notes, the farm question box and the farm editorial were presented weekly, and farm flashes from the USDA were given frequently.
A summary for the year shows that there were 97 talks by Extension workers, 116 by staff members of the Experiment Station, 24 from the College of Agriculture, and 30 others, with farm news highlights presented 308 times, home economics notes 50 times, the question box 50, the editorial 51 and Farm Flashes 115 times.
Indicative of the widespread cooperation extended by the Farm Hour, the year's features included eight talks by State Plant Board worker10 by the state executive officer of the Production and Marketing Administration, 11 by a home economist for an electric cooperative association, one by the state director of the Farmers' Home Administration, one by the state veterinarian, two by representatives of the USDA, and two by farmers. Interviews included representatives of the State Home Demonstration Council, an Italian prince and princess, poultry producers, officials of a feeder calf sale, and 4-H club members. Taped features were obtained at the Florida State Fair, a land clearing demonstration in Clay County, a watermelon packing school in Gilchrist County and the Central Florida Exposition. Direct broadcasts by remote control came from the Florida State Fair, Lake County Fair, the Agricultural College Fair and the Gainesville feeder calf sale.
The Associate Editor continued distribution through the Associated Press teletype service of a weekly Florida farm review and monthly home demonstration review and monthly round-up of flower gardening suggestions. He supplied a fortnightly review of farm information direct to 35 stations not receiving AP service.
Farm flashes for five days a week were sent to 39 stations, in cooperation with USDA. USDA flashes adapted to the state were distributed as received, and seven minutes of material from Extension Service, Experiment Station and other workers were duplicated and sent for more than half of the 235 days.
VISUAL AIDS AND MISCELLANEOUS
Some small additions were made to the slide library and also the filmstrip library. Additional filing equipment was obtained for slides. Additional shots were made for the motion picture on negro extension work. Agents were assisted in obtaining motion picture films from the depository, and this office maintained a small number of films for loans.
Public address systems, motion picture projectors, slide throwers and cameras are maintained.
The Editors spoke to nine separate groups, attended by 142 people. The groups included classes in forestry and Extension methods, home demonstration and 4-H club organizations.
18 Florida Cooperative Extension
The Editor continued to serve as a member of the University's public relations advisory committee and the agricultural and publications committee of the local Chamber of Commerce.
The work of the Extension Editorial Office was explained to several representatives of the agricultural agencie's of foreign countries.
As in the past, the Editors devoted approximately one-half of their time to work for the Agricultural Experiment Stations, by whom they are cooperatively employed.
Annual Report, 1952
SAFETY AND FIRE PREVENTION
Bonnie J. Carter and L. T. Nieland
The Home Improvement Specialist and Extension Forester promoted the Farm Safety program during 1952 through assistance to county and home demonstration agents.
During weeks especially set aside to emphasize safety and fire prevention, every available medium of communications was used by specialists and county Extension workers to alert the public to the vital need of eliminating fire and safety hazards. To aid this program the Specialists, in cooperation with the National Safety Council, sent county agricultural and home demonstration agents farm safety packets. These contained complete instructions on launching and conducting county-wide safety campaigns, envelope stickers, posters, pamphlets on safe driving and other leaflets on how to prevent farm and home accidents.
Special emphasis was placed on preparing families to take care of themselves and others under the Civil Defense Program.
Qualified swimming instructors and lifeguards were provided by the Florida Agricultural Extension Service for waterfront duty at each of the five district 4-H club camps during the camping season.
During'the year 10,818 families were assisted in eliminating fire and safety hazards and 10,571 4-H club members received training in this field.
To encourage 4-H interest, a statewide 4-H Safety Contest for boys and girls was held. The prize-a trip to the National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago and a gold medal-was won by a 4-H boy.
Florida Cooperative Extension
SUPERVISION OF COUNTY AGENTS
H. G. Clayton, Director
J. Lee Smith, District Agent
K. S. McMullen, District Agent
F. S. Perry, District Agent
Among the responsibilities assigned to district agents is the job of recruiting, selecting and placing county agents and assistants. Placing county workers involves clearing recommendations with the Director of Extension, who then recommends appointments to the President of the University of Florida and the USDA Extension Service. Placing agents also involve clearing appointments with cooperating county boards of county commissioners.
During 1952 one county agent was granted leave of absence to accept a foreign assignment with the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations. Two county agents retired, one died and three resigned to accept other employment. Two assistant agents resigned to do other work. To fill these vacancies and three new positions, district agents arranged new appointments for one county agent and five assistant county agents. Transfers involving promotions were arranged for five assistant agents. One county agent was promoted to a larger and higher paying county. Two assistant agents, formerly employed on a half-time basis, were given promotions to full-time status. Two county agents returned from military leaves of absence.
District agents assumed a large share of the responsibility for planning and carrying out the 4-11 Club program in their respective districts. This involved assistance with county, district and state 4-H livestock and poultry shows, meetings with county agents by districts to plan 4-H district activities, planning and arranging programs for summer 4-H camps and short courses and other 4-H events.
Since in-service training and indoctrination of new agents is a responsibility of the district agents, much time and planning was spent on this activity. District agents served on committees and otherwise assisted with the annual Extension conference, summer school for Extension workers and area training meetings for agents at Experiment Stations. They kept county workers informed on Extension programs and policies and provided on-the-job indoctrination and training. They assisted agents to organize office and field work and maintain good working relations with other agricultural agencies and organizations and related industry groups.
A most important function of the district agents was that of coordinating activities of Extension specialists in their respective districts. This involved keeping specialists informed on developments in subjectmatter fields throughout the district, calling attention to and relaying requests for assistance needed, coordinating activities of specialists involved in a single program and eliminating unnecessary travel.
District agents assisted with arrangements for farm and home institutes, citrus and poultry institutes and various other Extension activities. They worked closely with district home demonstration agents in assisting all agents in each county to prepare a coordinated county plan of work, based on a long-time program developed with the people in the county.
Annual Report, 1952 2t
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS H. G. Hamilton, Agricultural Economist
YARM MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
C. M. Hampson, Economist in Farm Management
Clyde E. Murphree, Assistant Economist'
About one-third of the time of the Economist was given to Extension Farm Management and two-thirds to teaching Extension Service methods. The Assistant Economist devoted full time to Marketing and Farm Management until September 22, at which time he began a year's leave of absence for professional improvement.
Farm and Home Planning.-This project of planning with individuals continued through its twelfth year. Six county agents conducted most of the work, after training and annual coaching by the Economist. Extension Agents are planning with about 270 families. Some 1,200 recommended practices have been completed annually as a result of this planning, resulting in an added income of about $170,000.
Teaching Extension Service Methods.-During the fall term of college the Economist offered two regularly scheduled courses and, throughout the year, conducted two problems courses. He planned and supervised a three-week summer school for Extension workers at the University of Florida, taught one of the four courses offered and assisted in planning a three-week citrus production course. There was a total of 140 enrollees in all courses, including 24 county and six state staff Extension workers, or an increase of 63 !percent over 1951.
Applied Extension Methods Teaching.-School room teaching was followed by assistance in the field. The Economist helped six agents revise their 4-H Club programs and two their over-all programs and assisted in conducting six training meetings for 4-H officers and leaders.
Florida Agricultural Outlook Work The Assistant Economist served as secretary for the Florida Agricultural Outlook Committee, which appraised the agricultural outlook for Florida for 1952-53, and prepared the annual release. He delivered various outlook talks, participated in panel discussions before various farmer groups and a meeting of Florida bankers and supplied outlook data to specialists and a large number of correspondents.
Land Clearing Demonstration The Assistant Economist assisted in carrying out a land-clearing demonstration (working with the Clay County Agent and two private, implement companies). A report of results was issued in mimeographed form. Flatwoods land, having an average of 62 trees and stumps per acre, required an average of about two hours to clear, pile brush and prepare. High hammock land, averaging 106 trees and stumps per acre, required about three hours and heavy hammock, averaging 100 trees per acre, required about four hours and 20 minutes.
Marketing Activities.-The Assisant Economist conducted discussion meetings with various groups in regard to marketing problems, including a curb market, general agricultural cooperative, poultry and eggs and vegetables. He compiled and distributed to county agents a summary of both federal and state legislation pertaining to agricultural marketing.
2 Granted year's leave of absence to do graduate work, September 22, 1952.
Florida Cooperative Extension
Miscellaneous Activities The two specialists gave assistance in the development of manuscripts dealing with laws of descent and distribution, rental agreements, income tax and 4-H officer training. Assistance was given also in conducting studies of swine production practices, retirement farming and farming practices in Alachua County.
The Economists conferred and traveled with 35 representatives of 22 different countries, judged at eight fairs and three contests, assisted with three 4-H camp programs, three radio programs and two tape recordings on economic problems, distributed income tax bulletins, tenure bulletins and farm record books and supervised compilation of the Director's annual statistical report.
They participated in meetings of Production and Marketing Administration, Farmers' Home Administration, College of Agriculture clubs, Florida Resource-Use Education Committee, vocational agriculture, veterans' classes, Farm Bureau, civic clubs and 11 agricultural economics seminars and were consultants to the agricultural division of the State Welfare Board and Veterans' Vocational Agriculture Training. Both were members of various committees, including the Southern Extension Farm Management Committee of Farm Foundation.
CITRUS GROVE MANAGEMENT
Zach Savage, Associate Agricultural Economist, Experiment Station
In an effort to assist growers with records and grove management, an average of 249 records were completed over the 19 seasons of 1931-50. For the 1949-50 season 223 groves were summarized.
Cash receipts from oranges, grapefruit and tangerines were 37 percent of all cash receipts from farm marketing in Florida for the period 1924-50. Oranges and tangerines made up 27 percent of these receipts and grapefruit 10 percent. Cash -receipts annually from citrus for this period averaged $72,347,000. These receipts varied from $26,387,000 in 1924 to $221,681,000 in 1950.
There were two seasons, 1947 and 1948, when cash receipts from livestock and livestock products exceeded receipts from citrus and one season, 1948, when receipts from truck crops exceeded those from citrus. In no season did combined receipts from other fruits, nuts and field crops equal citrus receipts.
Citrus receipts varied from 22 percent of all receipts in 1948 to 49 percent in 1944, and averaged 37 percent. Receipts from citrus were
one-third or more of the total in 23 of the 27 seasons. None of the other three groupings was as much as one-third of the total in any season.
In view of the uncertainty of fruit prices in the future and pmspects of continued high costs of labor, power, equipment, fertilizer, spray and dust, production practices should be studied to increase grove efficiency and hold down production costs consistent with high yields, good fruit quality, maintenance of trees in good condition and prospective income from fruit. In putting this into effect, groves must receive individual consideration and treatment for highest efficiency.
Citrus irrigation practices materially increased in recent seasons. Irrigation is a costly operation and should be used to best advantage. Some groves seldom if ever respond sufficiently to irrigation for it to pay. This is a grove operation that needs to be timed and applied according to the needs of the individual grove. The 1949-50 season was the second in the past nine seasons when irrigated groves failed to produce higher yields
Annual Report, 1952
than non-irrigated. The average f or these seasons was 22 boxes higher in irrigated groves. Costs on irrigated groves were higher and returns above operating costs averaged $15, or 4 percent, more per acre on the non-irrigated groves over the nine seasons of 1941-50. The 22 extra boxes of fruit did not pay irrigation costs and other expenses on irrigated groves.
Florida citrus production is increasing rapidly and nursery stock movement indicates continued increases. This production increase has affected the form of the product placed on the market, reducing the proportion marketed fresh. World production of oranges, tangerines and grapefruit reached an all-time high in 1950. Exports of these three kinds of citrus in fresh form exceeded pre-war for the first time in 1950.
Successful growers consider the grove record as one of the most valuable pieces of equipment they possess and keep it in use regardless of current prices. Record books, like other equipment, should be used consistently for highest grove efficiency.
Printed citrus grove record books, accompanied by a form letter, were sent cooperating growers in September. Record books sent to new cooperators during the year were accompanied by additional instructions in mimeograph form.
Individual grove reports were typed. Prepared forms were used, on which data of the individual grove were typed.
Eight different publications, form letters and blank forms were issued, representing 5,675 copies, or a total of 38,675 pages of material.
MARKETING
E. W. Cake, Acting Extension Economist in Marketing'
The new Extension Marketing Specialist began work on March 1. Considerable time was devoted in the first few months to getting acquainted with people, and problems and developing plans. Due to absence of another Economist, the Specialist worked on some projects outside the field of marketing.
Citrus-The Economist assisted other Specialists in conducting the Citrus Institute at Camp McQuarrie, with discussions on citrus marketing problems.
The Specialist helped two county agents arrange meetings of citrus packinghouse men by giving lectures on proper handling of citrus at shipping point. He visited packinghouses to demonstrate proper handling of fruit and drew up charter and by-laws for one new citrus marketing cooperative. Members were helped to plan a marketing program. He prepared and gave several talks at meetings and radio talks on marketing of Florida citrus and the outlook for citrus and served on Extension Citrus Advisory Committee.
Truck Crops.-The Economists helped conduct a brief study of vegetable marketing problems in various sections of the state. Considerable information was gathered and recommendations for improvements are being drawn up as a result.
Help was given to county agents in solving specific vegetable marketing 'problems in their counties.
County Agents and railroad representatives helped the Economist plan and conduct a Watermelon Loading School at Trenton and Bell, Florida.
.3 Appointed March 1, 1952.
Florida Cooperative Extension
The Specialist conducted a survey of vegetable marketing cooperatives in the state to find out names, locations, products and volume handled, spoke at several vegetable grower meetings on outlook and marketing of vegetables and as a member of Extension Vegetable Advisory Committee, helped that group plan and conduct a two-day vegetable marketing conference at University.
Poultry and Eggs.-County agents were helped in making a brief study of poultry and egg marketing problems in the west coast area of Florida around Tampa. Preliminary reports on findings and recommendations were prepared.
The Economist attended one statewide and three local poultry producers meetings and gave talks on outlook and marketing of poultry and eggs. He also visited and worked with three egg marketing cooperatives.
Beef Cattle.-An investigation of livestock management and marketing problems was made and a set of recommendations for use at a school for cattlemen in Orange and Lake counties was developed.
The Specialist gave three talks at meetings of local cattlemen's associations and one radio talk on beef cattle outlook, management and marketing.
Dairy As Secretary of the State Federation of Dairy Herd Improvement Associations, the Economist attended several meetings to assist in working up a set of by-laws and a set of recommendations for local associations.
He worked with two county agents in trying to secure better milk outlets for their dairymen, attended several meetings of dairymen and gave talks on outlook, management and marketing of dairy products.
Other Marketing Activities.-The Economist worked with the County Agent in Gulf County on a honey marketing project and proposed packing plant, and taught 'principles of cooperation to 4-H boys at summer camps.
He served as Secretary of the Florida Council of Farmer Cooperatives, which involved attendance at numerous meetings, writing letters, drawing up proceedings of annual meeting and assisting the member cooperatives of the Council.
He worked up details, regulations and score cards for a 4-H Club Cooperative Activity Contest being sponsored by Florida Council of Farmer Cooperatives and drew up charters and by-laws for a lychee growers .association and a local fair association.
1947-1951
AVERAGE
2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600
FARMERS ASSISTED IN ALL
FARM BUILDING PROBLEMS
Visual aids were stressed in training agents and local leaders and in promotional work designed to interest farmers in making needed changes. The Specalist continued to improve and increase the number and type of visual aids. Visual aids now on hand include five large colored
Annual Report, 1952
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
AND FARAI ELECTRIFICATION
The Extension agricultural engineering program emphasizes farm buildings, farm housing, electrification, farm machinery, supplemental irrigation and farm drainage. County and home demonstration agents reported assisting 40,067 farmers and farm families in various phases of the engineering program during the year. An estimated 9,500 farmers were assisted by agents with farm processing facilities necessary to mechanically dry hay, feed and seed, cure tobacco and treat fence posts and lumber.
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
John M. Johnson, Agricultural Engineer
Farm Structures.-The Engineering Specialist, assisted by two part-time student draftsmen, conducted the three-phase farm structures program, which includes farm service buildings, farm housing and the Florida Farm Building Plan Service. This program reached 10 percent more farm families this year than last. County and home demonstration agents spent 2,753 days assisting 27,095 farm families in all phases of farm structures. One thousand and twenty-eight volunteer local leaders working in 1,225 communities assisted in the program.
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FARM BUILDING ACTIVITIES
ALL EXTENSION AGENTS
00 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
NUMBER OF FARM FAMILIES ASSISTED L: : ' IN ALL HOUSING PROBLEMS
1947 - 1951
AVERAGE
1952
Florida Cooperative Extension
charts, four large blueprints, six posters and 19 scale models of farm buildings. The models, built to a 3/4" V-0" scale, are constructed from plans made available to farmers through the Plan Service. These aids were used in seven training schools attended by 350 agents and local leaders. In addition the models and charts are excellent for displays and exhibits. The models were viewed by an estimated 201,050 rural people while exhibited at four major county fairs and two Extension farm institutes. Models added this year include a pole-type construction cattle feeding barn, creep feeder for calves, automatic grain feeder, portable feed trough, portable three-compartment mineral box and tobacco barn. In addition a full scale foot trimming stock was designed and constructed by the Specialist for use in class and field day activities by the Animal Husbandry Department.
The number of farmers and farm families assisted by all county agents with various problems are shown in the following table:
White 862
1,946
9,093
--- 747
- 502
--- 673
--- 368
--- 4,676
White
--- 736
--- 708
1.- 549
Negro 210 425
Total 1,072 2,371
Farm Housing and Related Subjects
Dwelling construction ------_----------------------- -Dw elling rem odeling -----------------------------------Improving kitchens, storage space and
laundry rooms and room arrangement
Installing water systems ---------------------------Installing heating systems -----------------------Installing sewage systems -- --------------------Installing sanitary privies . -----------Installing screening . Farm Buildings
Construction of new farm buildings .
Remodeling or repairing farm buildings
Selection or construction of farmbuilding equipm ent . ---------
1,388 10,481 227 974
169 671
90 763
122 490
601 5,277
Negro Total
93 829
129 837
63 612
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
ALL EXTENSION
HOUSING ACTIVITIES AGENTS
The Florida Farm Building Plan Service, conducted in cooperation with the USDA Regional Plan Service Exchange, is an important function of the structures program. The Specialist met with 15 groups interested in special buildings, including livestock show buildings, exhibit buildings for county fairs, county 4-11 Club buildings and rural community club houses. Special plans for buildings which will cost over $96,000 were furnished for 11 of these groups. In addition to 12 special plans prepared for individual farmers, 16 new plans with working drawings were developed for inclusion as standard plans in the Plan Service.
This year 5,681 sheets of dwelling and farm building plans were mailed in answer to written requests. Two one-page leaflets, one featuring plans for a pig farrowing pen and the other a creep feeder for calves, were prepared. Three thousand six hundred of these circulars were distributed from bulletin racks in county offices.
The Specialist served on the Southern States Plan Service Committee, the Farm Structures Steering Committee, Southeastern Section of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, as chairman of the new 4-H Camp Building Committee, and Secretary of the Agricultural College Building Committee.
Farm Machinery.-Farmers add more and more mechanical equipment annually to reduce labor costs, increase production through increased acreage and reduce drudgery often associated with farm work. Agents spent 415 days assisting 4,901 farmers in 438 communities with farm machinery problems. They were helped by 171 volunteer local leaders. The Specialist spent 42 days making farm visits, holding demonstrations and training schools and conducting the 4-H tractor maintenance project.
There were 226 4-H Club boys from 11 counties enrolled in tractor maintenance projects. Seventy-eight percent completed their projects and submitted records for countY awards. The 4-H boys conducted 76 demonstrations at fairs and farrier meetings.
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES IN FARM MECHANIZATION
ALL EXTENSION AGENTS
1947-1951
AVERAGE
3500 4000 5000 5500 6000
FARMERS ASSISTED IN ALL
MECHANIZATION PROBLEMS
Annual Report, 1952
Florida Cooperative Extension
The Specialist cooperated with farm equipment dealers in conducting 87 machinery demonstrations for field days, youth fairs, achievement days, farmer gatherings, farm and home institutes and foreign visitors. An estimated 315,000 people inspected, observed or operated machinery used in demonstrations this year. Hay making, land clearing and vegetable harvesting machinery were the most used types of equipment in demonstrations.
The Agricultural Engineer cooperated in the Clay County Land Clearing Demonstration. Through the cooperation of two machinery manufacturers the Clay County Agent conducted a demonstration covering three phases of pasture preparation-clearing, seedbed preparation and fertilizing and seeding.
County agents assisted 2,018 farmers with land clearing problems this year.
.The Extension Engineer assisted farmers in making new developments in machinery. Possibly the most noteworthy was a tractor-mounted device transporting four persons through a tobacco field for cropping leaves. This machine may be a major step in mechanization of tobacco farming.
The Specialist served on the National Committee on 4-H Tractor Maintenance Literature.
The numbers of farmers assisted by agents with farm machinery problems and activities are shown in the following table:
White Negro Total
Selection of mechanical equipment . 1,170 51 1,221 Better use of mechanical equipment . 1,872 74 1,946
Maintenance and repair of mechanical
equipm ent -------------------------------------------------------- 1,610 119 1,729
Volunteer local leaders trained in
4-H tractor maintenance -------------------------------- 29 0 29
Farm Processing Facilities-With rapid development of the cattle industry, artificial drying of hay, grain and seed has become extremely important to farmers and ranchers of Florida.
The standard plan developed by the Specialist for a hay drier is called the Florida Combination Crop Drier because it will satisfactorily dry grain and seed as well as hay. This plan is recommended for farm use only and over 20 were constructed this year. The slanted floor seed drier developed by the Specialist is recommended for commercial or large seed producers. Six of these were completed this year and two are under construction.
A scale model of the hay drier was used at nine group meetings attended by 750 farmers. Twenty-three days were spent providing on-the-spot assistance for 37 farmers in drying problems. Four driers were handled as special problems and special building plans were provided. The largest of these, a hay drier with two 40' x 40' drying floors, was built at the State Prison Farm. Eight hundred tons of hay were dried -on this installation the first year.
Irrigation and Drainage These two phases of farming are limited to personal service work. The Specialist spent 12 days in the field on irrigation problems and nine days on drainage problems. Irrigation was discussed at five meetings attended by 350 farmers.
Two irrigation systems were designed as result demonstrations. The agents assisted 2,241 farmers with drainage problems and 1,426 farmers with irrigation problems.
Animal Report, 19.5,2
FARM ELECTRIFICATION
A. M. Pettis, Assistant Agricultural Engineer and Farm Electrification Specialist
The farm electrifi cation program is carried out through county Extension workers, in cooperation with power suppliers.
P'rcper Wiring.-Promotion of proper wiring is the basis of a sound, effective farm electrification program and this Specialist devoted considerable effort to this activity, A w~iring panel containing two coils Df different size wire was used to show ill effects of over-loaded wiring. Toasters, fans and lights of identical sizes were used on the two coils simultaneously to show differences in operation with poor and with good wiring. This panel was also used to show the safe, proper use of fuses and circuit breakers.
Extension circular 93, Planning Farm Wiring, previously prepared by this Specialist, was used, along with USDA bulletins and commercial bulletins in the promotion of this activity.
Proper Lighting.-Promnotion of proper lighting has been accomplished by the Farm Electrification Specialist through use of news articles, radio talks, training meetings, 4-H demonstrations, personal help and printed material. The Specialist helped county Extension workers assist and encourage many rural people to improve their lighting.
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES IN FARM ELECTRIFICATION
ALL EXTENSION AGENTS
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8O00
TOTAL NUMBER OF FARM FAMILIES ASSISTED IN FARM ELECTRIFICATION
Farm Electrical Equipment. Electric irrigation was investigated and promoted through all informational channels. Extension Circular 110, Electric Pig Brooders, was prepared in cooperation with the Animal Husbandry Specialist. Electric pig brooders were constructed and used to teach farm leaders and farmers. USDA bulletins about other farm equip-
Florida Cooperative Extension
ment, such as water systems, home-made equipment, motors and motor tables, have been distributed to farm leaders.
Home Electrical Equipment.-Training meetings with Extension agents and representatives of home demonstration clubs were held to teach them about the selection, care and proper use of home electrical equipment.
4-11 Electric Program.-The Specialist prepared book No. 2 on "Electricity Made Easy" to supplement previously prepared Book No. 1. He also loaned demonstration equipment to county Extension workers and 4-11 members. These teaching aids have been used to inform adults and encourage and assist 4-H members enrolled in electric projects.
The Farm Electrification Specialist instructed 405,4-H members at Boys' Short Course, two 4-H camps and a school on boney and electricity. Assistance was given to 59 county Extension workers in promoting the 4-H electric program. The Florida REA Cooperatives Association aided this 4-11 program with publicity, personal assistance and $100 for four supplementary awards. In 1952 183 4-H members enrolled in and 128 completed electric projects. In addition to five major awards, 40 gold medals were awarded for outstanding work.
Power Supplier Cooperation.-At present 45,107 Florida farms, or about 79.2 percent of the farms in the state, receive electric service. These farms are served by 15 rural electric co-ops, four major power companies and several minor power companies and municipalities. The Specialist assisted in informing consumers about safe, economical use of electricity. Through his efforts 4-H members gave electric demonstrations at about half of the electric co-op annual meetings this year.
Rural Telephones.-This Specialist advised and counseled with farm groups desiring telephone service. Whenever -outside assistance was needed he obtained the cooperation of field representatives of the Rural Electrification Administration. That organization has made five telephone loans in Florida to increase rural telephones.
Coordination of County Work The writer tried to improve public relations and helped coordinate the work of the Extension Service with other farm groups, particularly electric cooperatives. He encouraged Extension personnel to attend and participate in electric co-op annual meetings and urged electric co-ops to send these farm leaders copies of their monthly publications.
Training Program.-The Farm Electrification Specialist assisted in training local leaders, co-op electrification advisers, county Extension workers, junior leaders and home demonstration council representatives. In cooperation with Rural Electrification Administration representatives and rural electric co-ops, he assisted with planning and teaching schools for electrification advisers on laundry equipment, small ocppliances and irrigation. In cooperation with the Extension Apiculturist, a school was held at one of the 4-11 Camps to give 4-H boys practical experience in the fundamentals of electricity and beekeeping.
Publicity.-The Specialist prepared monthly articles on electric subjects for the Extension Editor, who channeled them to 'publications over the state. He sent articles regularly to electric co-ops for use in their news publications.
Feature articles by the Specialist were carried by a national rural electrification magazine, a manufacturer's monthly bulletin and Florida farm magazines. In addition, radio talks and tape recordings were made for use over the state.
Annual Report, 1952 31
Additional Help.-The Farm Electrification Specialist gave 97 talks and demonstrations to about 6,000 farmers, 4-H members, farm leaders and others. Numerous inquiries were answered and many USDA, state and commercial bulletins were distributed. In 1952 county Extension workers assisted farm people as follows:
Number of families assisted: White Negro Total
To obtain electricity . 776 197 973 In using electrical equipment in home . 3,894 208 4,102 In using electrical equipment on farm . 967 36 1,003 In obtaining telephones ---------------------------------------- 980 80 1,060
Florida Cooperative Extension
AGRONOMY
J. R. Henderson, Extension Agronomist
Major activities of the Agronomist were directed toward: (1) bringing information on all phases of field crop, pasture and turf production to the attention of county agents, seed producers, seed, fertilizer and pesticide dealers, farmers and other interested persons; (2) assisting county agents in the development and execution of county programs of work in agronomy; and (3) distributing foundation seed of major field crops as released by Experiment Stations to qualified seed producers.
Meetings.-Meetings and conferences were the major educational devices used for disseminating information among county agents, industry groups and farmers.
At the annual conference for Extension workers the Agronomist reviewed research information on field crops and pastures, discussed desirable changes in production recommendations and outlined desirable activities for the 1953 crop year, particularly from the standpoint of needed result demonstrations.
The Agronomist planned and conducted two area meetings for seed, fertilizer and pesticide dealers, assisted in planning and conducting a seedsmen's school, acted as moderator of a 'panel at the annual meeting of the Florida Seed Producers Association and was a panel member at the Florida Seedsmen's Association meeting in June. At these meetings research information and Extension recommendations on varieties, fertilization and pest control were presented and discussed.
Farmer meetings were held in 22 counties in the general farming area at which information on outlook, 'price supports, marketing quotas and conservation payments and recommendations for production and management of pasture and field crops were presented.
The Agronomist 'planned and conducted the program for the second annual Central Florida Lawn and Turf Institute.
In addition, publications, circular letters, radio talks and personal correspondence were used in supplying information on soils, field crops and 'pastures to interested groups and individuals.
Projects with pastures and some of the major field crops received special attention.
Permanent Pastures Activities during the year were designed to secure establishments of more pastures and improvement of the carrying capacities of established pastures. In addition to furnishing county agents with production recommendations and outlines for desirable variety, fertilization and irrigation demonstrations, the Agronomist assisted with meetings and tours. Records show that more than 200,000 acres of pasture were established in 1951 and indications are that almost as many acres were planted in 1952.
Temporary Grazing Crops The Agronomist accepted applications and otherwise assisted with distribution of foundation seed of Floriland and Southland oats. Approximately 2,100 bushels of Floriland and 1,300 bushels of Southland were distributed among 75 seed producers.
Corn.-Improvement of corn yields through use of seed of adapted hybrids, application of fertilizers at heavier than usual rates and proper spacing of plants was emphasized. Production projects with 4-H Club members and contests among adults were used to demonstrate the soundness of reconnimended practices. Hybrid seed, mostly Dixie 18, was used by
33
Annual Report, 1952
all 4-H Club members and for slightly more than half of the acreage planted to field corn in Florida in 1952. In spite of unusually dry weather during the growing season, several 4-H Club members produced more than 75 bushels per acre and tbCaverage yield for the state was only 1/2 bushel below the 1951 record of 16 bushels per acre.
Corn activities for the year were climaxed -with the State 4-H Corn Show at Tallahassee in October.
The Agronomist assisted seed producers in securing foundation singlecross seed for planting more than 600 acres of yellow hybrid Dixie 18 for seed production.
Peanuts.-The further development of supplies of certified Dixie Runner seed was stressed. Approximately 12 tons of shelled foundation seed, produced at the Experiment Stations, were distributed among 18 growers in eight counties.
Flue-Cured Tobacco.-Extension recommendations for control of weeds, nematodes, insects and diseases and for correlation of soil type, fertilization and spacing were emphasized at proper times during the growing season. Records of the Production and Marketing Administration show that the average yield in 1952 was 1,147 pounds per acre-the second highest yield on record.
Reports from county agents show that they spent 5,857 days on field crops and pastures. A breakdown of this activity follows:
Other LegCorn Cereals umes
Pas- Cot- Totures ton bacco
Obtaining improved
varieties or strains
of seed . 5,550 The use of lime . 100 The use of fertilizers .- 7,364 Controlling of
plant diseases ---------- 626 Controlling injurious
insects --------------------- 4,727
Controlling noxious
weeds ---------- ------------- 600
Controlling rodents
and other animals ---- 2,619
2,386 162 2,365
4,964 2,604 4,075
5,812 5,585 8,388
1,036
76
1,191
1,741 150 2,592
639 1,199 559 138 3,388
612 1,455 2,180
739 3,504
22 926 2,863 186 2,009
185 245 407 5 151
County agents' reports on 4-H Cl following:
Number of
Members
Enrolled
Corn . --------------- 1,751
Other cereals --_------------------- 69
Peanuts . ----------- 580
Soybeans, field peas, alfalfa and other legumes.- 354
Cotton . 334 Tobacco -------_-------------- _ . 110
Other crops (including
pasture) ----- . 421
ub projects with field crops show the
Number of Acres Involved in Completed Projects 3,015
174
1,232
920 487
92
Number of Members Completing
1,304
57
460
325 288 160
2,064
Florida Cooperative Extension
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Oliver F. Goen, Animal Industrialist
James E. Pace, Assistant Animal Industrialist
Beef cattle and swine continued to serve as important sources of farm income in Florida. From January 1. 1951. to January 1, 1952. beef cattle numbers increased from 1,095,000 to 1,250,000 head and there was increased interest in marketing concentrate feeds through beef cattle. This was due to increased corn production, availability of citrus by-product feeds, plus increased demand for fed beef. However, primary emphasis in the field of beef production in Florida was still grass-produced beef.
The numbers of swine and gross income from swine on Florida farms remained rather constant. The quality of market hogs improved, since more farmers used corn rather than peanuts in swine fattening rations and followed proper feeding and sanitation practices. Florida is still a deficit pork-producing area, producing approximately 60 percent of the pork consumed within the state.
Fig. 3.-Feeder calf sales are now im-portant Florida
4,101 2,005
35
Annual Report, 1952
4-11 Club Activities.-Encouraging increased interest in livestock projects among 4-11 Club members was one of the principal interests of the Animal Husbandmen. During the year a commercial calf project was initiated. More than 300 grass-fed steers will be sold in a feeder steer sale in the fall of 1953.
The third annual 4-H Fat Barrow Show and Sale was held in Tallahassee and the quality of barrows exhibited showed a definite improvement over those exhibited in previous years.
The Tampa Morning Tribune sponsored the state champion 4-11 livestock judging team's trip to the National Junior Livestock Judging Contest in Chicago. The team tied for sixth place with 29 teams competing.
The following table summarizes the 4-H livestock program for the year:
Boys Enrolled
Beef Cattle . 1,016
Swine . 1,406
Horses & mules ---------- 24 Sheep . 62
Other Livestock . 86
Girls En- No. Boys rolled Completing 221 763
73 1,042
'2 19
2 45
24 52
No. Gir Complete
170 50
2 2 13
Is Units ng Involved
1,925 3,238
47 47
115
in the field cattlemen's shows and
Other Activities.-The Animal Husbandmen spent 216 days working primarily with county agents. They talked to 15 associations, 12 other farmer groups, judged 15 livestock attended 10 fairs and nine pasture tours and field days.
GOAL AND RESULTS
Results Goals
1951 1952
Cattlemen to secure purebred bulls . 839 800 Cattlemen to secure purebred or high
grade heifers -------- --------------------------------- 786 1,200
Cattlemen to control external parasites.- 5,102 5,000 Cattlemen to control internal parasites
and diseases . 3,4045 3,500 Cattlemen to improve methods of
feeding ---------------------------------------------------- 2,905 3,000
Farmers assisted in securing purebred
boars . 683 1,000 Farmers assisted in securing purebred
or high grade gilts . 648 1,500 Farmers assisted in controlling external
parasites in hogs . 4,212 6,500 Farmers assisted in controlling internal
parasites and diseases -------------------------- 6,505 6,500
Farmers improving methods of feeding
hogs . 3,090 4,000 Controlling predatory animals . 52 Number of families assisted this year
in improving food supply by making
changes in home food production(1) of m eats .
(2) home butchering, m e a t
cutting or curing .
Results 1952 677
4
3
3
Goals 1953 Soo
951 1,100 ,572 5,000 ,346 3,500 ,215 3,500 578 1,000 821 1,500 ,983 6,500 ,446 6,500 ,224 4,000 94
3
5
3
Florida Cooperatie Extension
APICULTURE
John D. Haynie, Extension Apiculturist
Beekeeping netted apiary operators good returns in 1952. Some honey crops were carried over from 1951 to 1952, but it is expected that there will be very little of the 1952 crop on hand after January 1, 1953.
Honey production was generally good, except in some palmetto and gallberry locations, with the tupelo section producing about half a normal crop. Citrus produced a bumper crop of unusually good, heavy-bodied honey.
The Apiculturist's program is conducted in cooperation with the Florida State Beekeepers Association, the Florida State Fair and district beekeepers associations. He assisted presidents of district beekeepers' associations with programs for monthly meetings.
The Apiculturist served as chairman of the program committee for the annual two-day beekeepers' meeting and helped bring specialists in beekeeping, marketing, botany, nutrition and other research workers in related fields before honey producers.
The Apiculturist used state and county meetings to give beekeepers new recommendations in beekeeping and provide them with information on programs in production and marketing.
Fig. 4. The Apiculturist demonstrates honey jelly to a meeting of beekeepers.
<'
Annual Report, 1952
Flerida State Fair Eight beekeepers' exhibits were shown at the Florida State Fair and eight 4-H Club members exhibited small lots of honey. The Ladies Auxiliary of the Tampa Bay Beekeepers' Association exhibited over 100 entries of foods cooked with honey.
Cooperation with Staff Members.-The Apiculturist cooperated with the Extension Agronomist and the State Road Department Maintenance Division in establishing experimental plots of Hubam clover as a safeguard against roadbed erosion. Bees were established in the experimental plots to assure proper re-seeding of Hubam for further trials. About 180 pounds of honey were produced on these roadside strips.
A tupelo nursery was established in cooperation with a county agent and the Extension Forester, to replace trees that have been cut for lumber.
A two-day short course on beekeeping and electrical wiring was conducted with the Farm Electrification Specialist, the Assistant Lake County Agents and 15 4-H Club boys.
4-H Club Work-Beekeeping was taught at three 4-H club camps and the third camp apiary was established. One course on beekeeping was taught to 500 4-H Club boys attending summer short course.
Talks and visual aids were presented at 23 4-H Club meetings and 15 4-H club apiary demonstrations were conducted. The Specialist lectured to 170 children in elementary schools on beekeeping.
Further Work on Honey Jelly-The Apiculturist carried out further investigations on effects of different pectins and acids in making jellies from different varieties of Florida honey. The honey jelly process was demonstrated at district bee meetings and to jelly manufacturers. (Fig. 4).
Field Program Testing Hives.-Four different groups of colonies each containing five hives are being studied in the tupelo section of Gulf County. Yields from each group will be tabulated and results evaluated at the end of three years.
, Field Teaching Aids.-The "Low Cost Beehive" circular was distributed at district bee and 4-H club meetings, 10 newsletters were sent 470 beekeepers and Extension workers on seasonal management, improved practices and value of honey in the daily diet and beekeeping and pollination exhibits were presented at six county fairs. Demonstration 4-H club apiaries are located in 16 counties.
The Apiculturist visited 98 county agents and assistant county agents and seven home demonstration agents. Personal service letters were
written to 597 Extension agents and beekeepers.
Florida Cooperative Extension
BOYS' 4-H CLUB WORK
W. W. Brown, State Boys' 4-H Club Agent
One county Extension agent gave part-time assistance to the 4-H Club program in the southern part of the state.
The organizational plan of 10 4-H Club districts throughout Florida was continued. Following the annual statewide meeting an agents' meeting was held in each of the 10 districts. These meetings were held during December and several new programs were placed -in operation as a result.
In 1952 participation in judging contests, livestock and poultry shows, in giving method demonstrations and in the awards prograrn increased substantially. Enrollment in boys' 4-H Clubs increased from 12,304 members to 12,409 and the number of members completing projects jumped from 8,560 to 9,102. This represents 73.3 percent completions for Florida 4-H boys in 1952, a substantial increase over 1951. In 1951 Florida boys carried 18,258 projects and completed 12,937. In 1952 they carried 18,044 projects and completed 13,425.
Fig. 5-The State Council assists Extension workers in planning and directing boys' 4-H Club work. Officers shown here, left to right, are Julian Webb, secretary; Roy Heathcoe, treasurer; George Montague, president; Steve Hudson, vice-president; and Steve Simmons, reporter.
Annual Report, 1952 39
A few of the activities helping to build the 4-H program include 285 leader training meetings, 171 demonstration teams, 216 judging contests, two short courses, 2,219 boys at summer camps, 76 achievement days, 244 4-H tours and 2,100 recreational and social meetings. An increase in the number of acres under cultivation and number of animals raised by 4-H Club members was registered during 1952.
4-H Camps-Five 4-H Club camps are now in operation in the state. During 1952 36 weeks of camps were held at white 4-H camps and seven weeks at negro camps. Approximately 3,500 4-H members attended camps during the summer. In addition, four institutes-citrus and poultry institutes at McQuarrie and farm and home institutes at Timpoochee and Cherry Lake-were held. These institutes were attended by parents,
farmers and others throughout the state.
Short Course.-A-nnual 4-H Short Course was held for the 33rd time with 339 members in attendance from 52 counties. The Short Course brings outstanding 4-H Club members from many counties to the University of Florida for one week of training and inspiration.
The State Council of Boys' 4-H Club Work held its annual meeting and elected officers (Fig. 5) during Short Course. This group, composed of representatives of all counties having county councils, materially assists in setting policies for boys' 4-H Club work.
During the 1952 Short Course three statewide 4-H Club events were staged, including the State 4-H Dairy Judging Contest, 4-H Tractor Operators Contest and 4-H Public Speaking Contest. The winning state dairy judging team and high scoring state tractor driver operator represented Florida at regional and national events during the fall of the year.
Special Events.-There were 26 state awards available for 4-H members during 1952. They included free trips to the National 4-H Club Congress, gold watches, scholarships, cash awards, trophies and county medals.
The trip to the National 4-H Camp in Washington is considered the outstanding 4-H award and two boys and two girls make this trip annually. A third boy is selected to attend the Danforth Leadership Camp in Shelby, Michigan, each year.
An outstanding boy and girl from each county are selected annually to receive a certificate at the Florida State Fair on 4-H Club Day. A Dairy Efficiency Contest is held to select the best dairy club boy in each of the 10 4-H Club districts. Each district winner receives a cash award and the best state dairy project winner receives a large plaque. The outstanding county in the state in dairy 4-H work is selected and given a large plaque.
The State Agent analyzed and summarized information on awards from all over the state in order that each agent and each 4-H Club district could measure progress.
Teaching Methods.-The use of exhibits and shows was stressed throughout the year. Club members performed many result demonstrations under supervision of county Extension workers and state specialists.
The use of method demonstrations was encouraged at every opportunity and more than 20 teams, representing various counties, presented method demonstrations at the State Fair in Tampa.
Negre 4-H Work.-The State Agent exerted more effort and time during 1952 toward stimulating and assisting negro county Extension personnel to more effectively carry forward their 4-H program.
The negro 4-H Club program is carried on by -negro Extension agents. Negro district agents supervise the county workers. The State 4-H Club Office made subject matter materials available for negro work and assisted
40 Florida Cooperative Extension
with officers-leaders schools and other 'phases of the negro 4-H program. This office also made record books, record cards and information on 4-11 Club work available to negro county workers and worked with negro groups in staging shows, judging contests and building exhibits for county and state fairs. The State Office hired camp personnel, helped plan camp programs, and worked with Negro District Agents in planning short course and Extension conferences.
The -negro awards program was established and accepted by Florida for the first time in 1952. Awards were offered and winners were selected in field crops, health, garden, meat animal, poultry, achievement and farm and home safety.
The State 4-H Club Office assisted in soliciting expense money for eight negro 4-11 members selected for the Regional Camp award.
Annual Report, 1952 41
CITRUS CULTURE
Fred P. Lawrence, Citriculturist
Florida now has 529,200 acres of citrus groves, 62,000 of which are classed as young, non-bearing trees that are coming into production at the rate of 12,000 to 15,000 acres per year. The 1951-52 season broke all previous production records with 119,100,000 boxes of citrus produced. In the last 15 years total production has increased by 78,000,000 boxes.
Pricewise, the 1951-52 season was one of the poorest in recent years. An estimated net profit of only $31,290,000, or 27c per box after all production and marketing costs were deducted, was received. This copares very unfavorably with the $86,129,000, or 82c per box, for the 1950-51 season. The average net return from the 10-year period 1941-51 was $75,420,000, or 93c per box. Production costs have gone up an average of l0c and picking, packing, hauling and selling 39c per box in the last 10 years. Increased volume per tree and per acre has kept the average cost of production per box from advancing higher. By
better production methods, production in this period has risen from 316 to 370 boxes per acre. This increase has kept many growers' heads above water.
Training Program.-The Citriculturist stressed the value of and need for better trained agents and a better organized program to get technical advise and information to growers.
The third annual two-day citrus training school for county agents was held at the USDA Horticultural Station, Orlando, Florida, this year. During the school various research workers gave current information on diseases, nuitrition, soil pH and general grove management. At the evening session agents heard a discussion on the fertilization program being, used by a large cooperative organization. The following day agents visited demonstration and research plots in two counties.
Fig. 6.-A 4-H Club boy shows a Burmese visitor how to bud citrus.
Florida Cooperative Extension
The Citriculturist took the initiative in arranging for a three-week summer course in citrus culture. This course, a special one which carried graduate credit, was open only to county agents and other qualified University personnel with a citrus background.
The Citriculturist obtained current research information, analyzed it and gave it to county agents through four news letters, five mimeographed releases, personal visits and group meetings.
Citrus Clinics At 10 clinics 3,700 growers were advised on individual citrus problems. These clinics were usually of one day's duration and growers came at their convenience, bringing specimens for diagnosis and for consultation and advice.
Citrus Schools Two 18-week grower short courses on citrus were offered during the year, with 333 growers registered. The schools met for two hours one night each week. Each session was taught by either a member of the Extension Service, Experiment Station, College of Agriculture or a qualified industry person. The schools were very successful and others are being planned.
Institutes.-Through four well planned institutes, 1,250 additional growers were contacted and given the latest research information in production and marketing. These institutes varied in length from one to four days.
Demonstrations and Tours All citrus producing counties now have a program of grower demonstrations. The demonstrations vary from those showing simple cultural practices to more complex ones involving fertilizers, insect control and cultivation. Most citrus counties now hold at least one grower tour each year so those interested can observe and appraise the various demonstrations.
Budwood Certification Program.-On November 12, 1952, an emergency state appropriation of $12,000 was approved which set in motion a citrus budwood certification program. The Agricultural Extension Service, other agencies and men from all branches of the citrus industry had been working for more than a year to form and activate a workable program to control bud-transmitted diseases of citrus trees. It will be some time yet before the program is in full operation, due to the time lag involved in registering nursery trees, which must be grown from budwood taken from a registered 'parent tree.
Annual Report, 19529
DAIRY HUSBANDRY
C. W. Reaves, Extension Dairy Husbandman
The state dairy Extension program for 1952 included the dairy herd improvement association and official testing, breeding program for higher producing replacements, feeding and management, the home milk supply, 4-H dairy club work and cooperation with breed associations, dairy groups and other organizations.
Dairy Herd Improvement.-The dairy herd improvement association program was carried out in 22 counties to assist members in feeding and management of their herds. Results secured provided demonstrations
of improved methods for other dairymen. Eight DRIA supervisors, trained in dairying, made monthly tests of herds, kept records, and advised with farmers in the use of records as guides in feeding, breeding, culling and herd management.,
Results secured by DUJA associations with state totals are given below:
YEARLY PER COW AVERAGES OF COWS IN DAIRY HERD
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS IN 1952
ASSOCIATIONS
Orange County----_-Duval . W est Coast ----------Pioneer --- -_---- _-South Fonida.-----M anasota . North Florida -------Jackson County. State.---------
U)
C
C)
U ~
c L4 0 o r~)
- U) ~ I- ~rZ ~.
4.- C) ,~ cC C) C
o U) 0
*~ C) .43
a a ~ a ~ '0.
o a -
cC C cC C)C) C)U)
~ ~ ~U'*
1,714 1,520 720 987 1,389
340 101 270O
7,041
7,310 6,719
6,474 6,379 6,215 5,730
5,407 4,894 6,554
$508 $237 467 213 496 231 433 207 407 184 411 191 384 139 299 162
453 210
$3.06 2.88 3.31 3.00 2.82 3.12
2.43 2.97 3.00
Comparison of average production of DRIA herds cows in the state shows results of improved practices.
Pounds F
Milk
Average of cows in DHIA herds ----------- 6,554
Average of all Florida milk cows-------.4,350 Increase of DHIA Cows--------------.2,204
Percent increase of DHIA cows.---------.51
with that of all milk
'ercent Test
4.5
4.25 0.25
Pounds Butterf at
295 185 107 58
A State DHIA was organized at the DRIA meeting held during the Dairy Field Day at the University on May 2, 1952. Purpose of the organization is to make recomendations to local dairy herd improvement asso-
Florida Cooperative Extension
citations on business operations and to promote coordination of the work of local DHIA's. All members of local DHIA's are members of the State DHIA.
Official Cow Testing.-The Extension Dairyman is the state superintendent of official. cow testing, a program carried out in cooperation with national dairy breed associations. Twenty herds are under Herd Improvement Registry testing and 18 under Advanced Registry testing.
Breeding Program for Higher Producing Dairy Cows Dairy herd improvement association herds with records of production serve as sources of breeding stock for other herds. Data on the production of 24 Florida bulls were tabulated during 1952.
The Chipola Artificial Breeding association was organized during 1952, with headquarters at Marianna. It will serve Jackson County and parts of adjoining counties.
Sixteen artificial breeding groups, serving dairymen in 25 counties, bred 24,308 cows during 1952.
County agents assisted 230 farmers in buying dairy bulls and 773 in obtaining purebred or high grade females.
Increase in Number and Care of Calves Approximately 70,000 heifer calves have been raised in Florida during each of the last two years. The Extension Service made available calf barn plans and information on use of portable calf pens for parasite control. Many farmers and club boys built individual pens and are following a good calf, raising program.
Feeding and Management Improved feeding and management methods were presented in dairy barn meetings, tours, regular meetings, radio talks, news items, personal contacts and replies to letters. The efficient dairy production project was carried out in 22 counties with DHIA work. Agents helped 244 farmers not in a DHIA in keeping records and 1,454 farmers with feeding problems for dairy cattle.
A study was made to show the source of feed nutrients consumed by Florida dairy cows. An analysis of the feeding program of DHIA herds showed that 22 percent of the feed supply was 'provided by pasture and that DHIA herds secure a slightly higher percentage of feeds from pasture than the average Florida herd. It also indicated that a much larger percentage of the feed supply should be provided by pasture and home-grown feeds if Florida is to produce milk on a comparable basis with other states.
County agents assisted 2,711 dairymen and family cow owners to control external parasites and 2,747 farmers to control diseases and internal parasites of dairy cattle. Assistance was given through the Experiment Station animal parasitologist to a number of farmers in the control of liver flukes. Cooperation was given the State Livestock Sanitary Board in tuberculosis,. brucellosis and mastitis control programs.
Home Milk Supply.-Aid was given farm families in providing and using adequate amounts of milk and dairy products for good nutrition by helping secure dairy animals, having health tests made and giving training in the use of milk. Agents assisted 4,468 families improve their food supply by the production or use of milk.
4-H Dairy Club Work A total of 1,384 boys and girls were enrolled in 4-11 dairy projects. Of these, 1,126 completed their projects involving 1,692 animals. Two state-wide 4-H contests, based on the member's record of accomplishments, were conducted. Six district and one state 4-11 shows and judging contests were held. Many demonstrations were prepared and presented by 4-H girls in the 4-H dairy foods demonstration project.
Fig. 7. County and district 4-H dairy shows, preliminary to a state 4-H dairy show at the Central Florida Exposition, increased interest in dairying.
V
Z
46 Florida Cooperative Extension
Florida's National Champion 4-H Dairy Team Visits Europe.-Florida's 1951 national champion 4-H dairy cattle judging team made a trip to Europe as official representatives of the United States. The International Judging Contest at the British Royal Show was called off, however, due to outbreak of foot and mouth disease in England. The team was guest of the British National Federation of Young Farmers Club and of the British Ministry of Agriculture. Dairy herds and breed association headquarters were visited in Scotland, Holland and Jersey and Guernsey Islands. Ireland, Germany and France also were visited. Expenses for the trip were provided by contributions from the State of Florida, dairy cattle breed associations, milk-producer associations, individual firms and breeders and other friends of 4-H Club work. The Florida Dairy Industry Association conducted the campaign to raise funds.
Cooperation with Other Organizations-Close cooperation was maintained with the dairy cattle breed associations, Florida Dairy Industry Association, State Department of Agriculture, State Livestock Sanitary Board and other groups and agencies.
COMPARISON OF 1951 AND 1952 RESULTS IN SPECIFIC PROJECTS
1951 1952
Number dairy herd improvement associations . 7 8 Cows included in DHIA Annual Summary . . 6,134 7,042 Number bulls proved by DHIA records . 10 14 Cows on Official test . 1,071 1,319 Cows bred in Artificial breeding units . . 23,946 24,308 Number farmers assisted by agents in securing pure bred
dairy bulls ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214 230
In'securing purebred or high grade females ---------- 807 773 Farmers receiving aid with feeding problems -------------------- 1,335 1,454
Farmers receiving aid on controlling external parasites ---- 2,520 2,711 Farmers receiving aid on controlling diseases and internal
parasites . 2,960 2,747
Annual Report, 1952
FORESTRY
L. T. Nieland, Extension Forester
Fire Protection The Extension Forester has continued to devote much time and effort towards a solution of the state's forest fire problem. County agents, farmers, school teachers, 4-H Club members, garden clubs and others were furnished with bulletins and other printed materials, radio talks, pictures, films and other teaching aids helpful in teaching and understanding the damage caused by woods fires. County agents were assisted in organizing educational programs in forest protection. The Extension Forester has continued to promote the establishment of improved pasture fire barriers around forested acres. In this way fire protection can be made to yield extra income through grazing while, at the same time, the woods are safeguarded.
This approach offers three distinct advantages. It provides successful fire protection, requires no annual protection expenditures by landowner or public agencies and eliminates one of the principal reasons for woods burning, namely, burning off coarse wiregrass to improve early spring grazing.
Plans were developed and promoted for closer coordination in forest fire prevention between the Extension Service and the State Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service, wood-using industries, forest experiment stations, State Chamber of Commerce and other public and private agencies. Other educational work in forest fire prevention consisted of preparing radio talks, news releases and circular letters and distributing bulletins, charts, pictures and films on forest protection.
During 1952 county agents reported assisting 10,382 farmers in 48 counties in protecting woodlands from fire.
Forest Planting.-Planning, coordinating and executing forest tree planting programs on farms occupied a large part of the Extension Forester's time during 1952. Close cooperation was given county agents, State Forest Service personnel, five Florida pulp mills and two lumber companies in distributing forest seedlings.
During the year county agents distributed 7,286,330 slash pine seedlings to 1,476 farmers and other small forest landowners in 49 of Florida's 67 counties. This exceeds, by more than 2,000,000, the -number of pine seedlings distributed to farmers during any previous year.
Red Cedar Plantings.-Red cedar seedlings have not been available from Forest Service nurseries. To meet growing demand by Florida farmers for cedar seedlings the Extension Forester developed a new method for obtaining quick germination of cedar seeds. Instructions for collecting, treating and planting the seeds were prepared and furnished to county agents and farmers.
The Extension Forester collected 600,000 red cedar seeds which were distributed to farmers, 4-H club members, county agents, vocational agriculture teachers and the University of Florida School of Forestry. Instructions were provided with the seeds on growing cedar nursery stock and transplanting the seedlings. Some very successful cedar nurseries resulted from this effort. With assistance from the West Florida Experiment Station at Jay, the Forester produced 3,000 red cedar seedlings for additional demonstration plantings on farms and 4-H projects.
Catalpa Plantings.-Continuing his attempt to meet growing shortages of naturally durable fence post material on farms and ranches, the Extension Forester promoted further demonstration plantings of catalpa.
Florida Cooperative Extension
The 5,000 seedlings grown with the assistance from West Florida Experiment Station personnel during 1951 were used in making four demonstration plantings of one-half acre each on Experiment Station lands at Ona, Gainesville, Quincy and Jay. A half acre planting was made on a cattle ranch and the other 2,000 seedlings were used in making four 4-H Club landings.
In addition to these plantings, 100,000 seeds collected in 1951 and distributed to county agents, 4-H club members and farmers in 1952 produced 7,000 seedlings, These will be used for new fence post demonstration plantings during 1953.
The, Forester, with the assistance of several county agents, collected 150,000 catalpa seeds during 1952 for production of more seedlings in 1954. Some of these seeds will be planted in the State Forest Service nursery and by Agricultural Experiment Stations. The rest will be distributed to county agents, 4-H Club members and farmers. All seeds are distributed free.
Tupelo Gum Planting.-The Extension Forester, assisted by the Extension Apiculturist and one county agent, established the first tupelo gum nursery in Florida. This planting was made to provide seedlings for demonstration plantings of both Nyssa ogeche and Nyssa aquatic, the two most important tupelo gums for honey production. The Forester collected seeds, determined nursery site, time and method of planting and assisted in the actual planting operation. Several hundred seedlings were 'Produced.
Other Demonstration Forest Plantings-The Extension Forester continued demonstration plantings and other work on two small forest plantings he established 10 years ago. Seven species of conifers and 27 species of native hardwoods were planted. Most of the hardwoods were planted as forest plantings in Florida for the first time. Interesting and important information on soils adapted to the several tree species and spacing and growth rates was developed from these 10-year-old forest plantings.
The Forester planned, supervised and executed the planting of forest trees on an eight-acre tract of land provided for forest planting on the Experiment Station Farm at Gainesville during 1952.
Forest Products for Home Use.-In Florida the farm provides the best market for farm-grown timber. Lumber, fence posts, fuel wood, stakes, stack poles and sills are always needed on the farm. Since these wood 'products can be grown without disturbing timber produced for sale, the Forester initiated and constantly promoted this idea. County agents were assisted in promoting such a program.
4-11 Forestry Club Work.-The Extension Forester prepared plans, programs, project work outlines and instructions for 4-H forestry club activities and supervised the execution of project work in the field. He taught forestry to 235 4-H Club boys during two weeks of 4-H short courses and two weeks of 4-H summer camps.
The 4-H forestry awards program, sponsored by two Florida pulp mills, produced seven county winners and one state winner, who also won National honors and a $300.00 scholarship given by the American Forest Products Industries.
Annual Report, 1952
POULTRY ACTIVITIES
.N. R. Mehrhof, Poultry Husbandman J. S. Moore, Extension Poultrymnan
A. W. O'Steen, Supervisor, Florida National Egg-Laying Test
The trend toward larger laying flocks, larger-sized broiler units and more commercial turkey farms continued in 1952.
There were 3,157,000 hens and pullets on Florida farms on January 1, 1952. Approximately 12,000,000 broilers, 163,000 turkeys and over 20,000,000 chicks were produced during the year. Even with increases in production, Florida is still a deficit poultry producing state.
Production of Quality Pullets. One of the most important phases of commercial egg farming is the production of quality replacement pullets. Its success is determined by quality of pullets placed in the laying house each fall. Factors found to influence this quality include starting early with quality chicks, proper brooding conditions, use of clean, well-sodded land and feeding a kvell-balanced ration.
Layer Management.-The laying efficiency program emphasized during 1952 included: 2,500 layers per man, 200 eggs per bird per year, 60 winter eggs per bird, 10%( or less mortality, 210 eggs per 100 pounds of feed and a 100% pullet flock.
Producers of eggs found the following management practices important in obtaining higher returns: Keeping all-pullet flocks, use of artificial lights during fall and winter months, use of special feeding programs to stimulate feed consumption, removal of unprofitable birds by culling, development of a sanitation program to reduce losses from parasites and diseases and adoption of a record keeping program to study and analyze the business.
Broiler Management.-Gross value of the broiler industry in Florida in 1951 was slightly in excess of 8 million dollars. The 1952 crop of broilers will approximate 12,000,000 birds with ani estimated value of between 10 and 12 million dollars.
Fig. 8.-Broiler houses of this type, having a capacity of 6,000 to 10,000 birds, are widely used.
Aw -
Florida Cooperative Extension
The broiler efficiency program continued to guide producers in the development of their farming operations. This program calls for a 10,000 broilercapacity plant, four lots 'per year (a total of 40,000 birds per man) 34 pounds of meat per 100 pounds of feed, less than 501o mortality and market all birds before 11 weeks of age.
During the year the broiler industry expanded in total numbers, size of buildings, number of chicks per man and use -of labor-saving devices.
Marketing Eggs and Poultry Production, handling and merchandising phases of producing quality eggs were stressed during the year. Items stressed included sufficient nests, clean nesting material, gathering eggs often, cooling quickly, grading and packaging. Cooling systems were constructed on farms to hold eggs until marketed, more refrigerated trucks are being used to haul eggs to, market and many retail stores are holding eggs under refrigeration until sold. More eggs were )placed in cartons in 1952 than ever before.
I Processing plants for poultry meat have been developed and are now offering quality products to the consumer.
Home-Grown Feed and Green Feed Feed represents approximately 607o of the total cost of producing poultry meat and eggs. Commercial egg producers have f ound that succulent green feed is one way to help reduce feed costs and develop quality pullets. Rotation of yards to provide green feed for layers and the development of pasture for growing pullets were recommended for commercial egg producers.
4-11 Poultry Work.-Four-H Club members were encouraged to take an active part in poultry production, exhibition, judging and marketing. FourH poultry work was conducted in most counties of the state.
Twenty-three counties, participated in a special poultry project sponsored by Sears-Roebuck Foundation, with 230 club members starting 23,000 purebred day-old chicks.
A district 4-H livestock and poultry show was held in Jacksonville, with five counties participating. Club members entered 300 birds.
The second annual Ocala Area Junior Livestock and Poultry Show was held, with four counties participating. Club members entered over 300 birds and 40 dozen eggs.
The Exension Poultryman judged 4-H poultry shows in nine counties.
The Annual State 4-H Club Poultry and Egg Show and Judging Contest was held in connection with the Central Florida Exposition in Orlando, February 23-March 1, 1952. Club members exhibited more than 1,500 birds and 179 dozen eggs and 15 judging teams participated.
Training classes were held at the University for 100 4-H boys and girls and poultry instruction also was presented to club members attending the annual short course.
Turkey Management.-Florida's turkey production for 1952 is expected to total 163,000, compared with 151,000 in 1951.
During the year larger units were established, quality poults made available and marketing facilities developed. The Turkey Association held two meetings to promote improved efficiency in production and merchandising.
Florida National Egg-Laying Test.-The 26th Egg-Laying Test was concluded September 15, 1952, with 86 pens of pullets from 47 breeders in 21 states and Canada and seven breeds of poultry competing for honors.
Average egg production for this 350-day period was 220.7 eggs averaging over 24 ounces per dozen. Feed (mash and grain) consumed per bird totaled 91.17 pounds. One part of grain to 11/2 parts of mash were
Annual Report, 1952 51
used. Five 'pounds of feed were required to produce one dozen eggs. Mortality totaled 14.7 percent.
The high pen of 13 pullets entered by Blanton Smith, Nashville, Tenn., laid a total of 3,699 eggs for a score of 3,792 points.
The high individual bird was a S. C. White Leghorn pullet entered by N. H. Meriwether, Townsend, Tenn., which produced 325 eggs (missing only 25 days) for a value of 352.05 points.
Random Sample Test.-This test was started at the request of Florida breeders and hatcherymen and differs from the standard egg-laying test in that 50 day-old pullet chicks are selected at random by a disinterested person, boxed and shipped to Chipley, where they are brooded and reared. All pullets raised are placed in laying houses, fed and managed alike. CompIete records are kept on each entry. In preliminary random sample tests there was considerable difference noted in value of eggs over feed costs, based on the original number of chicks started.
The first official random sample test began in April, 1952, with seven entries. The average cash cost (feed, chicks and vaccinations) per pullet housed was $2.11, varying from $1.99 to $2.39. Three hundred and nineteen pullets were housed from the original 350 pullet chicks started.
Annual Breeders' Conference-The Annual Breeders Conference was held in Gainesville at the Poultry Laboratory, December 5 and 6, 1952. The program included topics on selection, inheritance, breeding for broiler production, sanitation in -hatcheries, the National 'Poultry Improvement Plan and other topics relating to breeding and hatchery enterprises. Forty-five hatcherymen and breeders attended.
Annual Poultry Institute.-A united poultry industry in Florida was the theme of the Eleventh Annual Poultry Institute held at Camp MeQuarrie, August 25-30, 1952. Over 400 poultrymen from 31 counties registered this year.
Feeding, housing and management of broilers, layers and turkeys, hatchery topics, sanitation and disease prevention, marketing poultry products and national poultry subjects were discussed.
The following associations held their annual or summer meetings during this Institute: Florida Poultry and Egg Council, Florida State Poultry Producers' Association, Florida Hatchery and Breeders' Association and Florida Turkey Association.
Organizations- Several county and state poultry associations and the Allied Industry Associations have rendered great service in developing the poultry Extension program.
State associations include the Florida Poultry and Egg Council, Florida State Poultry Producers' Association, Florida Hatchery and Breeders' Association, Florida Turkey Association, Florida Feed Dealers' Association and Poultry and Egg Processors of Florida, with membership in the Southeastern Poultry and Egg Association.
Florida Cooperative Extension
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
H. S. McLendon, Extension Soil Conservationist
Activities in Organized Districts.-Information given is prepared from Soil Conservation Service records, which are compiled at six-month periods of the calendar year. The last report for 1952 will not be available until in January 1953. This statistical report covers information on 50 districts. There are now 54 organized districts in Florida. However, four of these are so new that no work has been reported for them during the period covered by this report.
COMBINED REPORT OF SOIL CONSERVATION DISTRICTS
ACTIVITIES FROM THE DATE OF ORGANIZATION TO JUNE 30,1952
Planned
Established 234,012 acres 436,622 acres 392,223 acres 12,468 acres 328,843 acres 715,382 acres 7,210 acres 552,689 acres 103,860 acres 1,118 543 acres
32,870 acres
670 number
9,396.6 miles 13,790.06 miles 249.0 acres
650,235 L. feet 1,496,495 miles
65,958 acres 132,797 acres 151.6 miles
3,451 acres
9,171 acres 2,021 acres 18,848 acres 619,802 acres 714 number 588,797 acres
Practice
Contour farming ---------------_-Cover cropping ------------- -------Crop residue management Strip cropping ---------- ------_---Range improvement . _ . Pasture improvement . . Seeding of range _-_--------- Seeding of pastures ----- -----Wildlife area improvement -Woodland management . Tree planting --- --------_----_---Farm and ranch ponds --Terraces ------------------------- -------Field diversions .-. -----------------Farm drainage ----_----_---_- _Closed drains -------------------_---Open drains ------------- ---------_-Irrigation land preparationImproved water applications Field wind breaks -------- --------Water disposal areas -----------K udzu . _ ------------- ------------Sericea .-. --------- ----------------Alfalfa and permanent grass Woodland protection . Fish ponds -------- ------------_-_
Crop rotation --_---------------------
306,152 550,711
482,019 21,815 657,385 1,693,889
20,416 1,532,231 119,793 1,298,795
61,457
946
24,943.0
349.0 1,530,755 1,817,075
13,449.8 1325814 217,709 286.9
7,652
20,401 5,130 45,560 828,200 1,131 673,185
acres acres acres acres acres acres acres acres acres acres acres number miles miles miles acres L. feet acres acres miles acres acres acres acres acres number acres
FARM AND RANCH CONSERVATION PLANS
Number 2,291 21,169 2,272 2,272 15,757 13,773
Acres 1,368,472 9,835,015
2,490,122 760,939 5,738,326
5,036,434 624,227 2,882,043
Applications received this period ----- -----_-------------Applications received to date ---------------_-------------- _ --------Active applications to date ---------------------------------- _ ----Plans prepared and signed this period ---------_--------------Plans prepared and signed to date --------------_-- _ ------Active conservation 'plans to date . _ ------ .
Combined treatment this period . . Combined treatment to date ----- __ . --------- _ .
Annual Report, 1952
Annual elections of supervisors were held in 48 districts in 1952. There are 26,069,951 acres covered by the 50 soil conservation districts shown in this report, of which 8,553,377 were covered by soil conservation surveys as of June 30, 1952. There were 5,8,04,280 acres covered by 15,952 farm plans for the same period.
Organization of Soil Conservation Districts The Director of the Florida Agricultural Extension Service is Administrator for the State Soil Conservation Board and is responsible for administering the Soil Conservation Districts Act. Based on this authority, the Extension Soil Conservationist is responsible for organizational work in forming new districts in the state and the county agent assumes similar responsibility in the county. The same is true when there is a request for change of boundary of an organized district. All such matters are presented to the State Soil Conservation Board for final approval.
The Extension Soil Conservationist, assisted by county agents in the districts, is responsible for holding elections to elect supervisors for new districts and annual elections to fill vacancies of supervisors whose terms have expired.
Charters were issued to two new districts in 1952, Flagler and Bay. Each new district has the same boundaries as the counties of the same name. Boundaries of both Chipola River and Orange Hill Soil Conservation Districts were changed during 1952. Chipola River District was changed to include all lands lying within the boundary of Liberty County, Florida. Orange Hill District was changed by excluding all lands lying within Bay County, Florida.
Petitions were filed from Franklin and Baker counties for the organization of districts to serve all lands in each county in separate districts. In each case a referendum has been held and the land-owners have voted in favor of creating districts. Final organization work is now being completed.
The Extension Soil Conservationist attended regular meetings and some called meetings of boards of supervisors. He discussed district record keeping with secretary-treasurers.
The Extension Soil Conservationist attended two 4-H Club camps and instructed boys on soil and water conservation problems. He worked with county agents, their assistants and their club members on soil and water conservation projects. A number of pasture, clover and lupine tours were attended during the year.
The Soil Conservationist worked with county agents and farmers in an effort to provide soil protection from both water and wind erosion, to get more legumes grovirn in general rotation and to turn under for soil improvement and to encourage the planting of more land to permanent pastures, especially where the land was showing crotion. He also encouraged the growing of more legumes in pastures, including both winter and summer legume crops. During the year there was a large increase in acreage planted to clovers in Florida.
Florida Cooperative Extension
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND MERCHANDISING
F. S. Jamison, Vegetable Crop Specialist
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
Forrest E. Myers, Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist
James Montelaro, Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist'
Florida vegetables reached record highs in gross value of more than $177,000,000, with a volume of about 141,000 carloads for the 1951-52 season. State value, carload volume and value per carload have about doubled in the past 10 years. Production costs were up, with narrow margin of return on many specific crops and with individual growers.
Major Extension efforts were directed toward incorporating methods of producing good yields of high quality at minimum costs. Established growers demanded sound advice on new developments and standard practices in all phases of production. New growers, and growers in-and-out of vegetable production, also called for information on this fast moving, yet intensive type of agriculture. Garden-type inquiries were numerous and constant.
Florida census figures indicated about 4,000 vegetable farms, 10,000 farms from which some vegetables were sold and 30,0,00 farms on which vegetables were grown for home use.
County Workers-County Extension workers devoted 1,789 days to commercial vegetable crops in 62 counties. Farmers were assisted with vegetable crops in 527 communities. Number of commercial farmers assisted with various phases of vegetable work included:
Varieties, 3,463, use of lime 2,012, use of fertilizers 5,158, disease control 5,811, insect control, 7,439, weed control 1,360 and rodent control 908.
Other activities by county Extension workers included assisting over 11,000 families in 56 counties to improve home foodproduction and guiding over 4,000 garden projects to completion.
Grower Meetings.-Timely discussions on current recommendations and research were used to answer on-the-spot problems for growers and other industry members in major vegetable producing areas over the state. Meetings involved several counties in some instances, including programs at Plant City,. Wauchula, Fort Myers, Oxford, Trenton, Webster, Pompano, Boynton, Canal Point, Hastings, Homestead, Palmetto, Turkey Creek and Worthington Springs. Meetings were in cooperation with county agricultural agents in 35 counties and Florida Agricultural Experiment Station vegetable workers in local areas.
Marketing Conference-County agricultural agents from selected counties, accompanied by key growers, attended a two-day vegetable marketing conference sponsored by the Vegetable Advisory Committee. Specialists assisted in planning the program, arrangements and by presenting subject matter on production-marketing relationships.
Grower Field Days Specialists actively assisted in presenting grower field days held at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, and at branch stations in Hastings, Fort Pierce, Boynton andBradenton.
5 Granted leave of absence for foreign assignment under Point IV program July 1, 1952.
6 Appointed September 1. 1952.
Annual Report, 1952
Local Leader Training.-Instruction on small-scale vegetable growing was presented to local leaders in home demonstration work through the annual State Council Conference. Local grower leaders participated in the vegetable marketing conference and in area grower meetings.
Florida State Horticultural Society.-Active assistance was given the vegetable section chairman in selecting topics and speakers and in presenting the annual program.
I Vegetable Outlook Committee-A production Specialist served as chairman of the special state sub-committee responsible for preparation of advance vegetable outlook material in "Looking Ahead for Florida Agriculture."
"Vegetarian" Newsletter-Area research reviews were presented through county agent newsletters on up-to-date results from six Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations in the producing areas over the state.
Producticii Guides-Specialists prepared and published revisions of the watermelon and sweet potato production guides and expanded the group to include eggplants (Extension Circulars 96A, 97A, and 109).
Boys' Short Courses.-Outstanding 4-H boys with vegetable projects attended six short course sessions presented by a Specialist. Other boys with special vegetable interests from Hillsborough and Collier counties received Specialist instruction over a three-day period in summer camp.
Radio-Ten radio talks were presented for the Florida Farm Hour over WRUF. Twelve additional tape recordings were prepared at county agent request for use in radio programs in Central and West Coast areas of the state.
County Agent Training.-A concise review of basic and timely vegetable information was presented for key Central and North Florida county and assistant county agents. This one-day training session was held at the University of Florida, acquainting agents with facilities, personnel and subject matter in the field. Agents from all parts of the state attended a vegetable discussion section during Annual Agents Conference.
Letter and Office Inquiries-Over 1,000 inquiries for vegetable information were answered by correspondence or office visits, including all phases from gardens to commercial production.
Visual and Training Aids.-A collection bf 300 colored slides suitable for educational purposes was assembled. Arrangements were made with research workers, county agricultural agents and others for material exchanges in line with project needs. A survey was made to determine availability of similar material in state and federal bulletin cuts.
Special Vegetable Short Course An intensive study of Florida vegetable production was presented for 12 agriculturists from Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, Yugoslavia, Italy and The Netherlands. This activity was a trial short course for the Point IV Program, consisting of daily field tours and classroom discussions over a period of three weeks. Considerably more time was consumed in preparation and servicing the program.
Grower Contact Study-A preliminary survey was conducted, in cooperation with county agricultural agents, using as samples growers and industry representatives attending nine vegetable meetings. Data indicated possible usefulness in planning future activities along the lines of meetings and other methods of grower contact.
Florida Seedsmen's Association.-Local store and field representatives from several sections of the state received basic and timely instruction at the annual state-wide Seedsmen's Short Course. A vegetable production
Florida Cooperative Extension
specialist arranged and moderated the panel discussion of current recommendations at the annual Florida seedsmen's convention.
VEGETABLE MERCHANDISING
S. E. Rosenberger, Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist
Farmers' share of the consumer's fresh fruit and vegetable dollar is falling. At retail and wholesale levels handlers of fresh produce receive a larger share of the consumer's fresh fruit and vegetable dollar than the producer receives.
Waste and spoilage in distribution a-e considered excessive, even though the distribution process is considered the most thorough and efficient known.
Depressed or sluggish sales of fresh fruit and vegetables in retail stores increase spoilage. Rough handling and other ill-advised practices bring about waste. It is here that the efforts of the vegetable merchandising program are concentrated in an endeavor to decrease marketing costs and increase returns to producers and handlers. Retailers are encouraged and taught to become more skillful and effective in handling and displaying fresh produce. Retail handlers who are quality conscious and display produce attractively enjoy high sales and low losses.
Throughout the year 59 food stores in six counties cooperated in a better produce merchandising program. Such a 'program consisted of a produce school conducted for retailers and later working with them individually to improve produce departments.
Other activities entered into by the Specialist included such things a.7 lectures, committee meetings and assisting with tours and short courses, as well as field days at the Agricultural Experiment Station.
Annual Report, 1952
HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK
Anna Mae Sikes, State Home Demonstration Agent
Ethyl Holloway,. District Home Demonstration Agent Edith Y. Barrus, District Home Demonstration Agent
Joyce Bevis, District Horne -Demonstration Agent
Home demonstration workers in Florida are responsible for the development and supervision of coordinated 'programs for both white and negro home demonstration women and 4-H girls. They also shared responsibility for the overall Agricultural Extension Service program. Home demonstration agents in state and county offices assisted with programs, plans and activities for the improvement of home and family life.
Organization and Supervisien.-The State Home Demonstration Agent's responsibilities were largely in the fields of personnel, relationships, administration, supervision, coordination and administration of the program, headed by the Agricultural Extension Service Director.
Counties are divided into three districts, with district home demonstration agents supervising the work in each district and helping with the development of a statewide program of home demonstration work.
Two State Councils of Home Demonstration Work, one for women and another for girls, aided in developing a statewide program which was based on needs and interests of the people.
Community home demonstration clubs were composed of women interested in planning and carrying through a program directed to family and community life. All community clubs were eligible for representation in county home demonstration councils and through them in the State Council of Senior Home Demonstration Work. Purposes of adult and junior councils were to unify home demonstration club work, make and carry out plans of work and provide leadership training necessary to assist in developing a program of improved family and community life.
During 1952 12,828 women were enrolled in 495 white and negro home demonstration clubs and 16,286 white and negro girls were enrolled in 740 4-H clubs. There were 29,114 girls and women participating in a program planned with the advice and aid of home demonstration agents. Considerable time was spent working with individuals who were not members of organized club groups. There was an enrollment of 5,614 individual demonstrators and 7,159 cooperators who were not members of community clubs. Agents reported helping 22,682 individuals not in organized clubs.
Financing Home Demonstration Work.-The state budget for maintenance of home demonstration work came from the Agricultural Extension Service and Florida State University. Florida State University provided housing for the state home demonstration staff and a budget which permitted additional personnel and a pre-service training program.
Boards of county commissioners and county school boards cooperated in maintaining home demonstration work in the counties. Contributions by both boards included funds for 4-H Short Courses, camp scholarships, demonstration and office supplies, repairs in workrooms, equipment and community and work centers.
County appropriating boards authorized $24,515.00 more for white home demonstration work and $13,945.00 more for negro work in 1952. This included salary increases, funds for clerical assistants and other expenses.
Personnel.-The State Agent directed the work of 47 white home demonstration agents, 15 assistant home demonstration agents, 12 negro agents,
FAMILY FOOD N
TO USE FOOD VISEV
BY PLANNING HEALS",,"
for Daitq ds.
Florida Cooperative Extension
10 specialists and three white and one ne-ro district home demonstration agents.
Two specialists were added to the staff in 1952. The health education position, a new one, was filled by appointment of a home demonstration trainee. The food conservation position, an established one, was filled by appointment of an experienced staff member. The Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent resigned in June and this position was filled by a qualified home economist with 4-H Club experience.
Personnel Training.-More time and thought was expended during the year than ever before on pre-service training, due to scarcity of suitable personnel and the expanded scope of the home demonstration program. The State Agent employed two home economics graduates as trainees with plans for eventual appointments as assistants or county home demonstration agents.
Fig. 9-These two home demonstration agents from Germany studied
home demonstration methods and practices in Florida.
As many trainees as the budget permitted were employed to prevent interruption of the home demonstration program caused by personnel turnover. In-service training was given county home demonstration agents by district agents, specialists, Federal Extension Service workers and faculty members of Florida State University and the University of Florida through staff conferences and inter-office committee Nvork. Training included conferences, short courses, workshops, farm and home institutes, leader and in-service training meetings, the Annual Extension Service Agents' Con-
Annual Report, 1952
ference, and regional training meetings. Home demonstration agents were polled for program suggestions for training meetings, workshops and conferences.
Activities and Accomplishments.-During 1952 home demonstration agents trained 8,250 local leaders for home demonstration work. These leaders held 1,586 meetings and gave information to 21,441 homemakers. Agents trained 6,783 leaders in 4-H Club work and they conducted 1,529 meetings at which 35,658 youths attended.
Forty-four county councils of senior home demonstration work, white and negro, representing 495 community clubs sponsored leadership training meetings for officers and chairmen. Senior councils improved 39 and constructed 18 new community buildings, assisted 29 libraries in 14 counties, sponsored 723 county achievement days and held 1,418 social and 371 money-making functions.
Program Development-The Home Demonstration Program is designed to meet needs, desires and interests of people of different economic, social and cultural backgrounds.
There were 31,466 rural and farm families and 34,394 non-farm families given direct service by home demonstration workers. Agents made 73,463 business calls, handled 80,326 requests by telephone, made 22,956 home and farm visits and distributed 169,018 bulletins.
Seventy-three county home demonstration agents, white and negro, spent 10,388 days working with adults and 10,031 days with 4-H Club and older youth. Agents held 191 adult achievement days attended by 52,675 persons and 532 4-H Club achievement days attended by 53,380 girls. Seventy 4-H camps were held with 2,144 girls attending and result demonstrations were held at I ' 053 meetings attended by 16,145 persons.
County home demonstration agents wrote 5,334 news articles, made 1,054 radio broadcasts in 34 counties and appeared on three television shows.
White agents in 30 counties and 10 negro agents reported special activities in observance of National Home Demonstration Week. Home demonstration agents cooperated with Civil Defense in 12 meetings, arranged 163 home improvement tours attended by 1,840 persons, 'participated in 220 county f airs and assisted with 30 flower and garden shows.
60 Florida Cooperative Extension
CLOTHING AND TEXTILES
Katherine Simpson, Specialist in Clothing and Textiles
The major objective of the Florida clothing program of the Agricultural Extension Service was to develop standards in clothing to improve the health and appearance of family members and give comfort, poise and satisfaction for better living within the clothing budget.
The specialist worked with the State Home Demonstration Staff, county home demonstration agents and other interested groups to build a program to meet the needs and interests of as many people as possible.
Reports show home demonstraticii agents devoted 2,931Y2 days to clothing work throughout the State. Clothing leaders, as a result of leader training meetings in 21 counties, held 192 meetings and taught 1,001 white and 261 negro women to sew. Leaders and agents devoted time to construction, selection, care, repair, renovation, planning family wardrobes, budgeting, and consumer education. A report from 4-H Club girls shows the following:
Counties Counties
Reporting White Reporting Negro
Girls enrolled ------------------------ 47 9,552 12 1,851
Girls completing projects ---- 47 6,232 12 1,431
Number garments made . 47 25,850 11 3,095
Number garments remodeled 47 6,761 11 1,704
Other accomplishments of the program include:
CLOTHING AND HOUSEHOLD TEXTILES
(Reported by 47 white and 12 negro home demonstration agents) Families assisted this year with care and repair of machines ---------- 2,043 Families receiving help on home laundry problems . 5,463 Clothing demonstrators in county:
W om en . ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,602
G irls ------------------------------------------------------------------------- . _ -------- 7 006
Training meetings held for clothing leaders:
W om en ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114
G irls . ----------------------------------------------- 132
Exhibits on clothing program s ------------------------------------------------------ -_---_------- 1,047
Method demonstrations given on clothing and textiles before:
W om en . . 1,002 G irls . ---_ ----------------------- -_-------------------- 2,395
Method demonstrations given on clothing and textiles by:
W om en ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . 945
G irls ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,649
Home demonstration women entering county dress revues or shows ---- 1,128 4-H Club girls entering county dress revues or shows . 2,392
Various methods were used to interest and meet the needs of both 4-H and adult groups, such as leader training meetings, use of illustrative materials, home visits, fair exhibits, county and state dress revues, radio programs, newspaper articles and individual assistance on special clothing problems. The Specialist reorganized the 4-H clothing program for first and second years and prepared mimeographed material for this.
From the reports of 1950, 1951 and 1952 the clothing program shows definite annual increases. This interest should be held by continuing the work started and encouraging others to do more home sewing for better, more comfortable and happier clothed families.
Annual Report, 1952
EDITORIAL AND VISUAL AIDS
Alma Warren, Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist
New Releases.-The Assistant Editor distributed 236 individual stories to daily and weekly newspapers and radio stations. Of these, 50 were for home demonstration agents' local use, 35 were about county home demonstration agents and 37 about specialists' findings. Forty features, with pictures, were arranged, 10 for magazines, 42 for special campaigns and 13 to meet special requests. More than 200 'photographs were distributed to newspapers, magazines and bulletins. A newsletter, designed as an exchange of ideas among home demonstration agents, was prepared. Florida's 62 home demonstration agents and assistant home demonstration agents wrote 5,334 articles for newspapers.
Radio.-The Florida State University radio program used 12 home demonstration programs during the year. These included home economics, foreign agriculturists, 4-H human interest stories, senior council meetings, public affairs and 4-H Club song features.
The State Home Demnstration Office furnished other radio stations 55 'programs during the year. Home demonstration agents prepared and delivered 1,054 radio programs. (Transcriptions made with delegates to the National Home Demonstration Council in Raleigh, North Carolina, were used by 23 radio stations.)
The state home demonstration staff transcribed a program for worldwide broadcast over the Department of State's Voice of America.
Visual Aids.-Distribution of audio-v'sual aids was important to the educational program of home demonstration and 4-H Clubs. These materials were viewed by more than 100,000 people.
Home demonstration agents and specialists made more use of educational filmstrips. Agents used 215 filmstrips and 352 movie films in their work.
Six pictures of 4-H Club girls modeling dresses were furnished for filmstrip production. Transcriptions of home demonstration club and council programs have been made on a limited scale.
Twenty-five home demonstration agents were given individual instruction in the mechanism and operation of opaque projectors, tape recorders, moItion picture projectors, slide and filmstrip projectors. Twelve agents bought filmstrip projectors and are using them frequently.
Cultural and Educational Programs.-Home demonstration agents planned 75 meetings based on art, 64 on music, 47 on literature and 67 on allied fields. Tours conducted for education and cultural interests totaled 181. Six hundred seventy-seven books and magazines were exchanged at home demonstration club meetings, 450 new books were contributed and 103 magazines and newspapers were subscribed to for libraries by home demonstration clubs.
Reference material for many of these cultural and educational programs was furnished by the Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist.
Florida Cooperative Extension
FOOD AND NUTRITION
Cleo M. Arnett, Extension Nutritionist
An integrated family food program, including nutrition and health and the production, conservation, utilization and marketing of foods, was begun to unify and strengthen the total foods program. The objectives are to teach the value of good nutrition as a basic factor in acquiring and maintaining -optimum health and happiness and to motivate the adoption of good food habits as a part of daily living.
Work carried on by the Extension Nutritionist was organized around adult and junior home demonstration programs. Work with the two groups was interrelated and subjects stressed were nutrition and health, food selection and preparation, and planning and servicing meals.
Families were reached through radio, television, news articles, pamphlets, bulletins, exhibits, method demonstrations, meetings, institutes, short courses and home and office visits. Emphasis was placed on the development of local leadership and upon established demonstrations by individuals and families.
The Nutritionist spent 126Y2 days working in 30 counties, where she assisted with 32 leader training meetings, visited 24 demonstrators and participated in 19 meetings and conferences, including two 4-H Club camps and six short courses and institutes.
White and negro home demonstration agents reported spending 2,378 days developing the food and nutrition program in 755 communities.
Nutrition and Health The main factors stressed which contributed to good nutrition and health were the value of the right kinds and amounts of foods for good health, value of having a family food 'plan, food requirements for different age levels, ways of providing good -nutrition at different economic levels and good nutrition in weight control.
Reports of white and negro home demonstration agents indicate the interest of individuals and families in improving their nutritional status. During the year 22,038 families were assisted in improving diets, 15,994 families studied nutrition, 3,057 received help with child feeding problems, 3,692 were given information on food for older people and 11,654 served daily balanced meals including the basic seven food groups.
Agents helped 4,377 families 'pack well-balanced lunches for school children and 3,982 for adult lunches and 5,777 families established demonstrations in food and nutrition. Assistance was given by 5,454 leaders.
In addition 938 women and girls served as leaders in food and nutrition, 1,228 food and nutrition exhibits were arranged by agents and leaders, 1,626 method demonstrations and programs in food and nutrition were given by agents and 2,463 method demonstrations and programs were given by leaders and club members.
Food Selection, Preparation and Meal Planning.-The food selection, preparation, meal planning and service phase emphasized food selection based on the basic seven food groups, wise selection for quality and s)pecifie use, proper storage to prevent waste and retain nutrients, recommended methods of preparation, meal planning to consider management, simplicity, sanitation, attractiveness and appetizing combinations, and gracious serving of meals.
A total of 23,108 families were assisted with food preparation. Improvement in methods of food preparation have shown an upward trend in the past three years, as shown below.
Recommended method of food preparation used for:
Annual Report, 1952 63
Number of Families in
1950 1951 1952
Dairy products . 7,714 8,638 11,177 Meat and fish . 10,540 10,745 11,097 Poultry and eggs . 9,352 9,960 11,658
Vegetables:
Cooked . 14,019 14,789 15,669 Raw . 14,562
Baked products . 10,396 10,486 - 12,132
Also 5,9 60 families budgeted money spent for food, 8,186 families selected foods for quality and specific use and 12,009 families used local and seasonal foods to best advantage.
4-H Club Work-The 4-H Club program emphasized development of interest and ability in planning, preparing and serving simple well-balanced meals, using home or locally produced foods when possible. Club members were urged to learn and follow good food habits essential to optimum growth and development. Acceptance of the 4-H Club dairy foods awards program encouraged many girls to use more milk. During the year 9,742 girls enrolled in and 6,591 girls completed food preparation projects, while 113 teams and 518 individuals gave dairy foods demonstrations.
Florida Cooperatire Extension
FOOD CONSERVATION
Alice L. Cromartie, Assistant Specialist, Food Conservation
Food conservation continues to be an important phase of the home demonstration program. A survey indicated that 651/c of the home demonstration agents worked with families on the family food supply in 1952. As a result, 2,218 women and 441 4-H Club girls reported canning and/or freezing by a budget suited to family needs. Adequate storage of home canned products received the attention of home demonstration agents and conservation leaders. The effect of this is shown by the 2,435 families who constructed adequate facilities in 1952.
Better use and care of equipment was emphasized, 1,357 gauges on pressure cookers were tested and 8,125 families reported using pressure cookers for canning.
Reports indicate that canning of vegetables, fruits, meats and juices dropped in 1952, as did the number of families using canning centers, but the total remains higher than in 1950. This decrease can be attributed, in part, to increased use of home freezers and locker plants for conserving foods. Approximately 1,000,000 pounds of meat were frozen in 1952. Vegetables increased slightly and fruits continued a slight decline.
Home freezer owners continue to increase in number. As a result use of locker plants has slightly decreased.
Home-cured meats increased in 1952 by approximately 25,000 pounds.
Four hundred and thirty-nine food conservation leaders gave assistance with food conservation programs. Sixteen county-wide leader training meetings were held by the Specialist in 14 counties. About 2,270 4-H Club girls completed food conservation projects in 1952, conserving 87,235 quarts of canned focds, 59,924 pounds of frozen foods and 21,269 quarts of frozen foods.
Fig. 10-The Extension Foods Specialist demonstrates an emergency pantry to county civil defense group.
Amotal Report, 1952
FOOD PRODUCTION
Helen D. Holstein, Food Conservation Specialist
The food production phase of the Florida Agricultural Extension Service program is a part of the general agricultural production program for the
The program was planned and carried out through cooperative efforts of the Nutritionist, Assistant Food Conservation Specialist, Food Conservation Specialist, other members of the state staff of the Agricultural Extension Service, county home demonstration agents, volunteer leaders, home demonstration and 4-H Clubs, junior and senior councils of home demonstration work, individuals and others.
Program emphasis -was placed on planning the production of the family food supply according to family food needs, facilities for producing foods, climatic and soil conditions, economic factors involved and suitability of certain sections of the state for certain crops. The relationship between a well-balanced supply of food produced at home and the principles of a good diet for the family was stressed at every opportunity. This included growing a garden to furnish vegetables for home use, producing fruits adapted to the region as a part of yard beautification plan, keeping at least one or two cows to provide milk, butter and cheese, keeping a poultry flock for ineat and eggs and raising rneat animals for a home supply of meat. Where practical, urban families were encouraged to grow small
Fig. 11-Girls at the 1952 4-H Club Short Course learn what they can grow in their own gardens.
Florida Cooperative Extension
gardens, to have some fruit plantings in the yard, to have backyard poultry flocks and to have other meat supplies, such as rabbits.
Many different methods were used to assist families in this program, such as method demonstrations, direct contacts, audio-visual aids, tours to established demonstrations to stimulate interest and special training meetings for leaders.
The home production of fruits and vegetables for family use was approached from the standpoint of exterior home beautification as well as good nutrition, health and economy. Many families participated in this program, as shown by statistical reports of white and negro home demonstration agents.
Work Done Women Girls
Planted home gardens . _ 10,680 3,834 Planted home orchards . - --- _ 6,068 683 Garden demonstrators ----------- -----------_- _ 3,333 2,324
Orchard demonstrators . . 1,249 304 Enrolled garden projects . 3,234
Poultry production continued to be a popular phase of the 4-H Club program. Statistical reports of white and negro home demonstration agents show that 1,474 4-H Club girls were poultry demonstrators, 4-H girls raised 70,713 chickens and 1,004 girls kept poultry records.
Home demonstration club members in 47 counties bought 1,140 family milk cows during the year, bringing to 10,766 the number family milk cows on members' farms. Two hundred forty-five girls entered dairy projects in the state and 10,115 families reported using a quart of milk daily for each child and a pint for each adult.
More rural families bought home freezers or had access to freezer-locker plants. As a result, 9,292 hogs, 3,520 cattle and 5,113 other animals were grown and used at home.
The food production chairmen and leaders in home demonstration and 4-H Clubs were influential in assisting with the promotion of this program during the year. There were 373 women and 335 girls acting as garden and orchard chairmen and leaders, 268 women and 268 girls as poultry chairmen and leaders, 197 women and 151 girls as home dairying chairmen and leaders and 51 women and 51 girls as meat production chairmen and leaders.
There was a downward trend in the production of family food supplies in Florida, which parallels the national trend. According to reports of county home demonstration agents, this was due, in part, to more women being employed outside the home, erratic climatic conditions, poor soil in certain sections of the state, fewer farm families, transient population, more specialized farms with large acreage and large farm equipment which is now being used on the farms and which is unsuitable for cultivating small garden plots.
Annual Report, 1952
GIRLS' 4-H CLUB WORK
Lorene Stevens, State Girls' 4-H Club Agent
Bronna Mae Elkins, Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent
During 1952 16,286 girls were enrolled in 740 4-H Clubs. Learning improved skills in subject-matter fields, assuming 4-H Club responsibilities and passing on 4-H information helped 4-H Club girls to be better citizens in their home, club, community and county.
The 31 county girls' 4-H councils served as advisory committees to county home demonstration agents. The council, composed of two girls from each 4-H Club. met regularly, helped to plan and direct county 4-H events, interpreted to the agent and leaders the needs of the girls in the local clubs and helped local groups to fit into the over-all county and state 4-H Club program.
The State Girls' 4-H Council, composed of county representatives, worked during 1952 on the following four areas of emphasis: Publicized 4-H work, helped develop leadership abilities, encouraged 4-H community and family projects and promoted the National 4-H Youth Center by planV
Z
A
'S
Fig. 12.-Four-H Club girls learn to spend their clothing dollar
for a teen-age girl's wardrobe.
Florida Cooperative Extension
ning and sponsoring drives in each county to reach the goal of 10 cents a member.
Requirements necessary to complete specific projects were met by 68.2 percent of the girls enrolled in 4-H Club work. Requirements included making an exhibit representative of the project and submitting a record and story of achievements. County home demonstration agents, adult 4-11 leaders and others provided information and encouragement to 4-H Club girls completing their projects through method demonstrations, training meetings, exhibits, news stories, bulletins, achievement days and tours, camps, rallies and individual assistance. I Organization and Leadership.-The 1,298 junior leaders gave assistance to local and county 4-H Club groups and worked closely with adult 4-H Club work. In addition, 814 women worked as volunteer leaders under the direction of agents. A total of 6,783 attended 626 training meetings; planned and directed by the state and county Extension staff members. These meetings provided training in organization and subject-matter leadership.
County home demonstration agents and adult and junior 4-H leaders helped plan and direct 95 tours attended by 2,532 persons, 532 achievement days attended by 53,380 persons, 6,368 method demonstrations attended by 129,70,3 persons, 70 camps attended by 2,144 girls, 1,210 other 4-H meetings attended by 51,563 persons, 1,529 meetings held by adult 4-H Club leaders attended by 23,987 persons and 369 4-H girls' clubs having community service projects.
Observance of National 4-H Achievement Day, National 4-H Club Week and Rural Life Sunday and participation in local, district and state fairs, short courses, camps, rallies and other 4-H events helped keep others informed on the program and provided opportunities for the development of individual abilities.
Evidences of the growth, strength and expansion of 4-H girls' work were indicated by increased number of 4-H Club meetings, amount of training given to adult 4-H Club leaders, responsibilities given to adult and junior 4-H Club leaders, number of planned 4-H Club meetings, number of 4-H Club members participating in the program, -number of adult and junior 4-H Club leaders, interest and assistance from home demonstration club members, number of method demonstrations given, number of records submitted to the State Home Demonstration Office, interest of 4-H Club girls and their parents in 4-H and number of training meetings.
Short Course.-Annual Short Course for 4-H Club Girls at Florida State University in June was attended by 400 club girls and approximately 100 agents and volunteer leaders. General assemblies, classes and recreation periods provided girls and their leaders an opportunity to participate and to develop skills and techniques.
Annual Report, 1952
HEALTH EDUCATION
Frances C. Cannon, Assistant Health Education Specialist'
Health and Safety Work was carried out in 818 communities this year. Home demonstration agents devoted 830 and county agents 208 days to this work.
Health and safety activities fell into three categories, improved health, use of available health facilities and cooperation with health agencies.
Improved Health-Some advances were made which indicate improvement of health. In 1952 9,269 family members had health examinations, compared to 7,171 in 1951. There were 1,136 flush toilets installed, 490 sanitary closets either built or bought and 7,241 families received instruction in the prevention of communicable diseases.
Encouraged Use of Available Health Facilities Educational emphasis was placed on knowing about and using existing health facilities. Five county council groups had programs on the work of their local health units, information was given to 3,370 families on first aid, 7,185 families cooperated with the immunization program and 2,291 families had water supplies checked.
To create better understanding on administering medical care a private physician spoke at two Farm and Home Institutes.
Cooperation With Health Agencies.-Home demonstration clubs were represented on 64 county health boards. Two hundred seventy-seven home demonstration clubs cooperated with tuberculosis X-ray units, 328 worked with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 114 assisted with preschool clinics and 313 participated in the Cancer Crusade.
All county councils of home demonstration work in Florida contributed to the Mary E. Keown Memorial Fund. This fund, which totaled $1,240, was given to cancer research at the University of Florida.
4-H Club Work.-During the year 24 4-H boys and 2,391 girls enrolled in health projects. Records show that 154 4-H Clubs cooperated with tuberculosis drives, 337 with the March of Dimes, 53 with pre-school clinics and 106 with Cancer Crusade.
Leadership Training.-A total 375 home demonstration clubs and 203 girls' 4-11 Clubs have health chairmen. Forty-seven training meetings were held on health, with 1,643 attending.
Recreation-To stress the! importance of a balanced day of work, rest and play, 1,418 social activities were planned and directed by home demonstration agents and club members. Two hundred ten women and 616 4-H girls received training in recreation and they held 224 and 585 meetings, respectively.
7 Appointed June 1, 1952.
Florida Cooperative Extension
HOME IMPROVEMENT
Bonnie J. Carter, Home Improvement Specialist
The home improvement program was planned and carried out in 47 counties. Information was presented through 4-H and women's club n-leetings, workshops, tours, achievement days, home visits, work with other organizations and persons, press and radio.
Agents spent 3,808 days working on home improvement activities in 2,629 communities. They were assisted by 2,143 volunteer local leaders. Ninety-one training meetings were held for adult leaders and 561 for girls.
Housing.-The housing program helped rural families improve housing conditions and otherwise raise their standard of living. Promotion of better housing and other factors to create more satisfying home and family life was an important part of the housing program. Results for 1952 are shown in the following table:
Fig. 13-These 4-H Club girls know that simple things can make material
differences when they are improving the interiors of their homes.
0
Annual Report, 1952 71
Families assisted withBuilding, remodeling and repairing dwellings . 3,443
Storage . . - . 2,154
K itchens ------------- _ --------_---------- __ ------------------------------- - ------------ . 2,468
Other room s ------------------_- - . __ . . 4,444
F loors . . ---------- 2,086
Selecting furnishings --------------------------------------- . 4,898
Laundry facilities . _.- 1,415
Electric lighting and home equipment . _ 4,102 Sewage, water supply, sanitary toilets . . 2,227 Pest control . ----------------------------------- 5,277
Handling and disposing of garbage --------- . . -------- 16,722
Number 'pieces equipment purchased _. . 15,903
(electric, gas, and other)
Number pieces furniture added .-. . - -----_------ . -------- --- 18,589
Improving home grounds -----------_----------- ___! ------------------------ . 10,980
Family Living.-More efficient use of available human and material resources to improve the family's economic and social status was the keynote of the family living programs. The Specialist and agents assisted with the following family problems:
Number families assisted withH om e accounts -------------------------------------------- . 1,369
Tim e m anagem ent . . I --- I . 3,527 Financial plans ------------------------------------------ . . 1,815
Using credit for family living . 364
Using timely economic information for making
adjustments in family living . _ --- . 7,165
Improving family relationships ----------------------------- - . 4,926
Child development and guidance . 3,230 Improving home recreation . __ ------------ ------------ . 9,812
Providing furnishings, clothing, and play
equipment for children ------------------------------------- . 2,932
Consumer Education.-Getting the most for consumer dollars was the goal of the consumer education program. Wise-buying information was given to rural families and many were taught how to repair and remodel homes and furniture, thereby saving expensive labor bills. The following assistance war, given by the Specialist and agents:
Families assisted withBuying equipment and furnishings . . . 4,700
Buying household supplies ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4,303
Buying food and clothing --------------------_-- __ . _--------------- 14,640
Consumer buying (different families) -------------------------------------------- 12,332
Deciding "making vs. buying -- --------------------------------------------------- ---- 7,972
Remodeling, remaking, and refinishing furniture --_------------------- 4,343
4-11 Club Work.-A program was planned to stimulate girls' interest in learning to do simple home tasks well and in making their homes more comfortable, convenient and beautiful. Results of the program for 1952 follow:
72 Florida Cooperative Extension
4-H Club girls assisted withKeeping personal accounts -------------------------------------------------------- 1,790
Beautification of home ground s-enrolled . --------- 3,176
Child Care enrolled . 2,310 Home management (Good housekeeping) -eDrolled . 2,826
U nits involved ------------- . . 2,792
Home furnishings and room improvement-enrolled . 3,230
Units involvedR oom s . _ __ . . . . 2,561 A rticles . ------------------------------------------------- . 6,202
Exhibits made by 4-H Club members . _ . . 571
Communities assisted by 4-H Club engaging in-community
activities, such as improving school grounds, local fairs, etc.-.- 369
Special training in 4-H Club home improvement was given to approximately 760 4-H girls, volunteer local leaders and home demonstration agents at short courses. Others were assisted through leader training meetings, 4-H Club and junior council meetings, camps and home visits.
Annual Report, 1952
HOME INDUSTRIES AND MARKETING
Gladys Kendall, Home Industries and Marketing Specialist
The objective of the home industries and marketing program was to help individuals and families increase or extend income by producing and marketing quality products at home, by using consumer information and by better management of resources.
Consumer Information and Management of Resources.-Consumer information and management of resources were integrated with all home economics programs. Major emphasis of the home industries and marketing program in consumer information -was on buying foods, furnishings ani equipment. In management, emphasis was on time, energy and money management. Families were assisted with problems concerning selection, purchasing and "making versus buying" decisions.
Home demonstration agents spent 611 days in 1952 working on consumer information, home management and family economics. The agents and volunteer leaders assisted families as follows:
Fig. 14.-Florida 4-H Club girls learn to study labels when shopping for their clothing and household textiles in a class during Short Course. They thus learn money management as well as textile qualities.
74 Florida Cooperative Extension
Number of families assisted withTime-management problems . 3,527
H om e accounts -------------------------------------------------------------------- * ----------------- 1,369
Financial planning ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,815
Improving use of credit for family living expenses . 364
Developing home industries as a means of
supplem enting incom e ------------------------------------------------------ . 2,751
"Making versus buying" decisions ------------------------------------------------ 7,972
Using timely economic information to make buying
decisions or other adjustments in family living . 7,165
Number of families assisted this year through cooperative associations or individually with the buying ofF ood ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7,210
Clothing -------------------------------------------------- . . 7,430
House furnishings and equipment . 4,700 General household supplies ---------------------------------------------------------- 4,303
Total number of different families assisted this year with consum er-buying problem s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12,332
Number 4-H girls keeping personal accounts . 1,790 Number 4-H girls using economic information . 1,177
Home Industries and Marketing.-Tbe development of home industries, using native materials, food products and other resources of the farm and home, was another area of major emphasis. Training in'methods and skills and information needed to produce, package and market quality products was given agents, volunteer leaders and others at training meetings, in printed and mimeographed leaflets and through individual assistance by the Home Industries and Marketing and other specialists.
Home demonstration and 4-H Club members reported marketing the following:
Food Products Value of Products
E ggs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $246,711.65
Poultry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 76,369.07
Fresh vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29,513.60
D airy 'products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27,297.38
Fresh fruits ------------------- ----------------------------------- . 26,396.16
B aked foods ----------------------------------------------------- . 5,962.35
Canned foods -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- 7,611.96
Total food products -------------------------------------------------------------------- $419,862.27
Other products . . -------------------------------------- 43,221.53
Total of all products ------------------------------------------------------------ $463,083.70
Families reported -receiving more cash from the sale of home-produced products in 1952 than in 1951. Of the cash received, approximately 90vo was from the sale of food products, the other 10% from flowers, plants, handicraft articles and services. About 50% of the total cash received was from the sale of eggs. In addition to cash sales, many families contributed home-made products to charity and community drives.
Demand for quality handicraft articles, made of native materials continued strong. The development of profitable hobbies and leisure-time activities was encouraged and training was given in production and marketing skills.
Annual Report, 1952 75
Agents in 37 counties reported the following activities:
Number of families assisted withDeveloping home industries . 2,751 Standardizing products ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1,298
Selling through
Roadside stands . _--------_------------ 229
Curb m arkets ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115
Farm ers' m arkets -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,559
Stores -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 1,173
O thers . . . 417
Program Development The program was planned and developed by' the Specialist in 47 counties, working cooperatively with other staff members, volunteer leaders, home demonstration and 4-H clubs, junior and senior councils and others.
The Specialist helped agents train 1,157 different leaders and visited 43 established demonstrations. She judged and evaluated exhibits at seven county fairs, participated in eight club and six council meetings and five radio programs and assisted with other 'problems relating to the home industries and marketing program. A total 6,083 persons, other than Extension Service personnel, were contacted.
Home demonstration agents in 36 counties were assisted with 102 training meetings attended by 2,149 leaders.
Instruction was given in making quality products of palmetto, bamboo, coconut fronds and pine needles and in using native greenery for decorations, improving consumer buying practices when selecting foods, furnishings and equipment, making toys and games from scraps and gifts from inexpensive materials, improving lighting by making lamps and lamp shades, improving standards, packaging and labeling of home products and learning laws and regulations concerning marketing of such products and how to plan, prepare and arrange educational exhibits about home demonstration work for use at county fairs, achievement days and other special events.
The agents reported training leaders as follows:
Number of training meetings in
HanicraftsB y agents -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 438
By leaders -----_-------_ ------------- ----------------------------------------- 480
B y others -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 322
M arketing- by ,agents . 31 Total attendance at leader training meetings . 24,307
Assistance was given to agents, leaders, club members and others at three training meetings for agents, state-wide conferences, short courses, institutes and other special events.
4-H Club Program-There were 2,212 4-11 Club boys and girls enrolled in home industries, arts and crafts and 1,863 completed work on 6,382 articles.
A money management demonstration and 4-H handicraft demonstration were developed and carried on in trial counties.
Special training in better buying practices and making handicraft articles was given to approximately 800 4-H Club girls, volunteer leaders and home demonstration agents at short courses and 4-H Club camps.
Florida Cooperative Extension
NEGRO FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK
Joseph A. Gresham, Negro District Agent
The Agricultoral Extension Service program for negro farmers in Florida -was conducted by 10 negro agents; in Alachua, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Hamilton, Leon, Madison, Marion and Sumnter counties under the supervision of the Negro District Agent. Community leaders, church and school groups and business, fraternal and civic organizations cooperated to make the program a success.
Negro Exten sion programs resulted from meetings and discussion,, with farm people. Extension specialists and other agency representatives contributed technical information. Programs were designed to show the importance of families working as, units in solving farm andl home problems.
Specialists assistedl negro county agents- with outlook meetings, livestock shows, corn improvement shows, fairs, tours, field meetings, agents' conferences, 4-H Short Courses, 4-H judging and demonstration teams and camps. They provided bulletins,. pamphlets and other information on new developments ini their respective fields.
Negro agents attended the Agents' Conference for negro Extension workers at A. and M. College and two (district conferences. The latest developments in agriculture were presented by specialists and officials of the Extension Service and other branches of agriculture.
Fig. 15. This group studies tractor maintenance at the annual 4-H -short
course at Florida A. & M. College.
Annual Report, 1952
Negro Agents.-Negro county agents spent 1,761 days working with adults and 1,086 days with 4-H Club members and older youths. They spent 1,840 days in the field visiting 4,602 farms and homes.
The agents 'prepared 215 news stories, distributed 5,146 bulletins, had 7,805 office and 2,385 telephone calls in carrying on the farm program. The year's activities included 79 training meetings with adult local leaders, 108 method demonstrations and 42 result demonstrations with a total attendance of 3,405. Thirteen tours were conducted by agents, with 587 attending, and 20 achievement days were held, with 4,827 present.
One agent attended a short course for Extension workers at Cornell University during the summer. Two other agents attended classes at A. and M. College on Saturdays and nights, with permission of the Director. Five agents placed county exhibits at the Florida State Fair in Tampa and eight agents made exhibits for four county fairs during the year.
4-H Club Work.-Nine 4-H encampments were held, with 211 boys attending. Two 4-H fat hog shows were promoted in Jackson and Sumter counties for the second year and a 4-11 beef cattle show was held in Gadsden County.
The State 4-H Corn Improvement Show was held at the North Florida Fair, with boys from seven counties participating. Prizes amounting to $300.00 were made available by the fair association and State Department of Agriculture. Four boys won trips and represented Florida at the Regional Negro 4-11 Club Camp at Tuskegee, Alabama.
Florida accepted eight awards for negro 4-11 Club boys from the national awards program in 1952. This was the second year that awards were accepted for negro 4-11 boys and indicates the increased activity in 4-H work.
Florida Cooperative Extension
NEGRO HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK
Floy Britt, District Home Demonstration Agent
The objective of negro home demonstration agents has been to improve living conditions of Florida negro farm families. Through the guidance of negro home demonstration agents in 12 counties where negro work was supported, outstanding achievements were made toward this objective.
In promoting the Extension program, negro home demonstration agents made 4,475 home visits, bad 3,283 telephone calls, received 5,783 office calls, published 192 news articles and distributed 9,540 bulletins.
As a result of Extension influence, 3,048 families changed home practices and 3,955 families made improvement in food production, conservation and preparation.
More assistance from Extension specialists was available during the year, which helped agents do a better Extension teaching job. The District Agent took Extension courses during the summer to increase her efficiency as a supervisor. Home demonstration agents were urged to improve themselves professionally by studying Extension literature and educational magazines and by obtaining more local data.
Through the cooperation of the Madison County School Board, a permanent office has been provided for the negro home demonstration agent in Madison County.
Dade County's Board of Commissioners provided a complete office space for the Negro Home Demonstration Agent, including an office, work room, storage room, reception room and lavatory. These facilities will enable the agent to improve the work generally, meet growing demands and increase the effectiveness of the program.
Adult Programs.-The negro Extension program was designed to increase and conserve food supplies, provide more convenient and attractive homes nd clothing, improve health practices and family -recreational facilities and teach families to spend their incomes more wisely.
Agents reported that 78 adult clubs were organized in 1952, with an enrollment of 1,434 members. Seventy-three adult training meetings, 444 method demonstration meetings and 16 achievement days were held, with 1,050, 4,360, 11,124 attending, respectively.
Twelve home-makers through, the guidance of the home demonstration agents set up a creditable exhibit at the Florida State Fair, and 11 agents displayed creditable achievement exhibits in their various counties.
4-H Activities Negro agents organized 131 girls' 4-H Clubs, with 3,487 enrolled. Four-H girls enlisted for 13,016 projects and completed 10,363, or over 790/c. In addition, agents held 64 training meetings, 601 method demonstration meetings, 13 tours and 16 achievement days. The total attendance at achievement days was 9,507.
. Four summer camps were held, with 354 girls and 29 leaders from 12 counties attending. At the Short Course in Tallahassee 219 girls attended. Four girls were selected to attend Regional Camp and one girl won the Chicago Defender Scholarship.
Seven 4-11 Club girls won honors in the 1952 State Awards Program. This activity is creating more interest in 4-H Club work in general. For the last two years this has been a means of getting girls to keep better records of their projects.
4-H girls demonstration teams from 11 counties gave creditable team demonstrations at the Florida State Fair.
Annual Report, 1952
NEGRO STATISTICAL REPORT, MEN AND WOMEN
Data from Negro County Home Demonstration Agents' Reports
GENERAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Months of Service (agents and assistants) -------------------------------------------- 256
Days of Service: In office-2,262; In field-3,964 ------------------------------------- 6,226
Farm or hom e visits m ade ----------------------------------------- . 9,077
Different farms or homes visited ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4,469
Calls relating to Extension work; Office 13,588; Telephone . 5,668
Days devoted to work with 4-H clubs and older youths . 2,920
News articles or stories published . 407 Bulletins distributed . 14,686 Radio talks broadcast or prepared . 97 Training meetings held for local leaders or committeemen:
N um ber . 303 Total attendance of men and women . 3,862 Method demonstration meetings:
N um ber ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 1,260
Total attendance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20,599
Tours conducted . 55 Achievement days held for 4-H, older youth, and adult work . 52
4-H camps
B oys attending ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 211
Girls attending ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 354
SUMMARY OF EXTENSION INFLUENCE
Total num ber of farm s . 7,506 Farms on which changes in practices have resulted from agricultural
program . 2,062
Farms in which changes in practices have resulted from agricultural
program for the first time this year . 786 Non-farm families making changes in practices as result of home
demonstrations and the agricultural programs . 1,842 Farm homes in which changes in practices have resulted from demonstration program . 1,610 Farm homes in which changes in practices resulted from home demonstration and agricultural program this year -------------------------------- 1,203
Non-farm families making changes in practices as a result of home
dem onstration program . 1,438 Non-farm families making changes in practices as a result of home
demonstration program for the first time this year . 346
Farm homes with 4-H club members enrolled . 2,230
Non-farm families with 4-H club members enrolled . 1,246 Different farm families influenced by some phase of Extension
program . 3,224
Other families influenced by some phase of Extension program . 1,963
COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL PLANNING
Total number of communities in counties . ---------_----------_------- 274
Number of communities in which the Extension program has been
planned cooperatively ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176
Florida Cooperative Extension
SUMMARY OF 4-H CLUB PROJECTS 4-H Membership
Boys: Farm-2 ' 156; non-farm-351; total ---------------------------------------Girls: Farm-2,190; non-farm-1,297; total -----------------------------------N um ber clubs --- ----------------------------------------------- --------- --------------------------- ---------N um ber enrolled ------------------------------------------------- - . .
N um ber com pleting . . . Projects com pleted by boys ---------------------------------------------------------------------Projects com pleted by girls . . Boys completing corn and peanut projects . __ . Boys com pleting fruit projects ---------------------------------------------- . .
Boys completing garden )projects . --------_-------------Boys completing market gardens, truck and canning crops ---------------Boys completing cotton and tobacco projects .-. ----------- _------_----------Boys completing poultry projects -----------------------------------------------------------Boys completing 'potato (Irish and sweet) projects ---------------------------Boys completing beef cattle and swine projects . -------------------- ---------Girls com pleting fruit 'projects -----------------------------------------------------------------Girls completing garden projects ----------_---------_------ .
Girls completing market gardens, truck and canning crops . __ . Girls com pleting dairy projects ------------ --------------------------------------------------Girls completing poultry projects ----------------------- ----------------_-----------Girls completing food selection and preparation projects . Girls completing health, home nursing and first-aid projects -----------Girls completing clothing, home management, home furnishing and
room im provem ent projects --------------------------------- ------------- ---------- ------Girls completing food preservation projects . 4-H clubs engaging in community activities such as improving school
grounds and conducting local fairs --------------------- -------------------------------DAYS DEVOTED TO SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS BY EXTENSION AGENTS
2,507 3,487
233
5,994 4,801 3,623 10,363
677 98 621 67
275 313
228 443 182 726
128 116 513 1,258
725
3,173
916
131
CROP PRODUCTION
Days devoted to:
C orn ----------------------------------Other cereals .
Legumes -------_---------_- -------Pastures ------_--------_----_---Cotton . _ .
Tobacco . . -------------_------Potatoes and other vege'tables .
F ruits . .
Other crops . .
CONSERVATION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
Days devoted to:
Soil and water .
Forestry ---------- .
W ildlife . .
LIVESTOCK, DAIRYING,
POULTRY
Days devoted to:
Dairy cattle -------- . 116 Beef cattle . . 96 Sw ine . . 141 Horses and Mules . . 23
Poultry (including turkeys) . 181
Other livestock ------------------ 12
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Days devoted to:
House plans, construction
water systems, heating,
etc . . 23
Rural electrification ----- . 122 Farm buildings . 64
Farm mechanical equipm ent . -----------_--- 46
Annual Report, 1952
HOME MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT, FAMILY ECONOMICS, NUTRITION AND HEALTH
GENERAL ECONOMIC
PROBLEMS RELATED TO
AGRICULTURE
Days devoted to:
Price and trade policies .
Land policy and programs Public finance and service Rural welfare --------------------
Days devoted to:
House, furnishings and
surroundings .
Home management -----------Clothing and textiles -------Family relationships .
Recreation and community
life . ---------------------Home production of family
food supply -------------------Food preservation and
storage -------------------------Food selection and preparation . ----------Other health and safety
w ork . .
FARM MANAGEMENT
Days devoted to:
Farm accounts, etc - -----Individual farm planning,
etc . . .
Farm credit ------- .
Outlook information .
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
444 Days devoted to:
379 General . .
Grain and Hay . . 280 Livestock ---------------------------Dairy products . 198 Poultry and eggs ------ ------Fruits and vegetables ---- Cotton .
Forest products .
Other commodities -----------75 Home products and
crafts ------------------------109 Purchasing of farm and
40 home supplies and
60 equipment .
Florida Cooperative Extension
INDEX
Agricultural economics, 13, 21 Agricultural engineering, 14, 25, 80 Agricultural outlook work, 21 Agronomy, 32 Animal husbandry, 34 Apiculture, 36 Arnett, Cleo M., 62
Barrus, Edith Y., 57 Beale, Clyde, 15 Beef cattle marketing, 24 Beekeeping, 36 Bevis, Joyce, 57 Breeders conference, poultry, 51 Britt, Floy, 78 Broiler management, 49 Brown, W. W., 38 Budwood certification, 42 Buildings, farm, 25 Bulletins, 15 Busby, Joe N., 11
Cake, E. W., 11, 23 Camps, 39 Cannon, Frances C., 11, 69 Carter, Bonnie J., 19, 70 Catalpa plantings, 47 Cattle, 34
marketing, 24
Cedar plantings, 47 Central Florda Exposition, 45 Cereals, 33 Circulars, 15
Citrus, 23
budwood certification, 42
clinics, 42 culture, 41
demonstrations, 42
4-H work, 41
grove management, 22
institutes, 42 marketing, 23
schools, 42
tours, 42
training programs, 41 Clayton, H. G., 7, 9, 20 Clothing, 60 Conservation, 52
district activities, 52
district organization, 53
farm and ranch plans, 52
food, 64
natural resources, 13, 80 Consumer education, 71, 73 Cooper, J. Francis, 15
Cooperative contest, 24 planning, 12, 79 Corn, 32, 33 Cotton, 33 Council, 4-H boys, 39
4-H girls, 67
County agents, training,
vegetables, 55
supervision, 20
work coordination, 30 Cromartie, Alice L., 64 Crop drier, 28
production, 13, 80 Cultural programs, 61
Dairy breeding program, 44
calf care, increase, 44
cow averages, 43
feeding, management, 44
4-H champion team, 46
herd improvement, 43 home milk supply, 44
husbandry, 43 marketing, 24
official cow testing, 44
organizational cooperation, 46 Dairying, 13, 80 DHIA, 43 Districts agents, 20 Districts ' soil, 53 Director's report, 7 Drainage, 28
Economic problems, 13, 81 Editorial, 15, 61 Educational programs, 61 Eggs, marketing, 24 Egg-Laying Test, 50 Electrification, 29 Elkins, Bronna Mae, 11, 67 Engineering, agricultural, 14, 25, 80 Equipment, electrical, 29
farm, 28
Extension influence summary, 12 Extension teaching methods, 21
Fairs, 37, 39 Family economics, 14
living, 71
Farm electrification, 25, 29
buildings, 26
flashes, 17 housing, 26 journals, 15
machinery, 27
Annual Report, 1952
management, 13, 21, 81
planning, 21
processing facilities, 28
structures, 25
Feeding dairy cows, 44 Federal funds, 8 Field days, 54 Fire prevention, 19
protection, 47
Florida National Egg-Laying
Test, 50
Florida Seedsmen's Association, 55 Florida State Fair, 37 Florida State Horticultural
Society, 55
Flue-cured tobacco, 33 Food conservation, 64
nutrition, 62
production, 65
selection, preparation, 62
Foreign visitors, training of, 11 Forest demonstration plantings, 48
home use production, 48
planting, 47 Forestry, 47 4-H club activities, 35, 37, 63, 67
Boys' work, 38
camps, 39
cooperative contest, 24
dairy club work, 44
electrification program, 30
forestry club work, 48
girls, 67
girls' short course, 68
health work, 69
home improvement, 72
nutrition, 63
Negro work, 39, 77
poultry work, 50
projects, summary, 12 short course, boys, 39 short course, girls, 68
special events, 39
teaching methods, 39
vegetable short course, 55
Goen, 0. F., 34 Grazing crops, temporary, 32 Gresham, Joseph A., 76 Griffith, L. Odell, 15 Grove management, 22
Hamilton, H. G., 21 Hampson, C. M., 21 I-lay drier, 28 Haynie, John D., 36 Health and nutrition, 62
education, 69
agency cooperation, 69
4-H club work, 69
leadership training, 69 Henderson, J. R., 32 Hogs, 34
Holstein, Helen D., 11, 65 Holloway, Ethyl, 57 Home demonstration work, 57
clothing, textiles, 60
consumer information, 71, 73
editorial, visual aids, 61 electrical equipment, 30
family living, 71
financing, 57
food products, 75
4-H work, 67, 71
housing, 70
improvement, 70
industries and marketing, 73
negro, 78
organization and supervision, 57
personnel, 57
personnel training, 58
planning, 21
'program development, 59, 75 Home electrical equipment, 30 Home management, 14
milk supply, 44 Honey jelly, 37
marketing, 24
Horticultural Society, 55 Housing, 26, 70
Irrigation, drainage, 28
Jamison, Frank S., 11, 54 Johnson, John M., 25 Joiner, Jasper N., 15 Journal Series, 15
Kendall, Gladys, 73
Land clearing demonstration, 21, 28 Layer management, 49 Lawrence, Fred P., 41 Leadership, 4-H, 68 Legumes, 33 Lemmon, Ruth S., 11 Lighting, 29 Livestock, 13, 80
Machinery, farm, 27 Marketing, 21, 23, 24, 81
home, 73
vegetable, 54, 56 McLendon, H. S., 52 McMullen, K. S., 20 Meal planning, 62
Florida Cooperative Extension
Meetings, agronomy, 32 Mehrhof, N. R., 49 Milk, 44
Montelaro, James, 11, 54 Moore, J. S., 49 Murphree, C. E., 11, 21 Myers, F. E., 54
National Egg-Laying Test, 50 Negro activities, 78
adult programs, 78
agents, 77
extension summary, 79
farm demonstration work, 76 home demonstration work, 78
home management, 81
marketing, distribution, 81
resource conservation, 80
statistical report, 79
subject matter fields, 80 News, 15
Newspaper service, 15 Nieland, L. T., 19, 47 Nutrition and health, 14, 62
Organization, 4-H girls, 68 O'Steen, A. W., 49 Outlook work, 21
Pace, J. E., 11, 34 Parvin, F. W., 7, 11 Pastures, 33
permanent, 32 Peanuts, 33 Perry, F. S., 20 Personnel, 9 Pettis, A. M., 29 Power supplier cooperation, 30 Poultry, 13, 24, 49, 80
breeders' conference, 51
institute, 51
broiler management, 49
feed, 50
4-H work, 50
layer management, 49
marketing, 24, 50 organizations, 51
quality pullets, 49
random selection test, 51 turkey management, 50 Processing facilities, 28 Program developing, 10, 74 Publications, 15 Publicity, 30 Published materials, 15 Pullet production, 49
Radio, 15, 16, 55, 62
Reaves, C. W., 43 Recreation, 69 Red cedar plantings, 47 Resources ccnservation, 13, 80 Revenue, sources of, 8 Rosenberger, S. E., 56 Rural telephones, 30
Saf ety, 19
Savage, Zach, 22 Seedsmen's short course, 55 Sikes, Anna Mae, 57 Simpson, Katherine, 60 Smith, J. Lee, 20 Soil and conservation, 52
conservation, district organizations, 53
district reports, 52
Special Vegetable Short Course, 55 Staff changes, 11 State appropriations, 8 Statistical report, 11, 79 Stevens, Lorene, 67 Structures, farm, 25 Subject matter, time spent, 13 Supervision of county agents, 20 Swine, 34
Tape recordings, 17 Tobacco, flue-cured, 33 Teaching aids, apiculture, 37 Telephones, 30 Television, 16 Textiles, 60 Truck crops, marketing, 23 Tupelo gum planting, 48 Turkey management, 50
Vegetable, grower contact study, 55
grower field days, 54 grower meetings, 54
inquiries, 55
local leader training, 55
marketing conference, 54
merchandising, 56
outlook committee, 55
production, 54
production guides, 55
short course, 55
visual and training aids, 55 "Vegetarian" newsletter, 55 Visual aids, 17, 55, 61
Warren, Alma, 61 Water conservation, 52 Watkins, Marshall 0., 7 Wiring, 29
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PAGE 1
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME _ ECONOMICS (Acta of May 8 and June 30, 1914) AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY or FLORIDA FLORIDA STATl!l UNIVERSITY AND UNITl!lD STATES DEPARTMENT or AGRICULTURE COGPBRATING H. G . CLAYTON, DIRECTOR 1952 REPORT FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE REPORT OF GENERAL ACTIVITIES FOR 1952 with FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1952
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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS (Acts of May 8 and .June 30, 1914) AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA FLORIDA STATE UNIVER SI TY AND UNITED STATES DEP AR TMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATING H. G. CLAYTON , DIRE C TOR 1952 REPORT FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE REPORT OF GENERAL ACTIVITIES FOR 1952 with FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE FISCAL .YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1952
PAGE 3
BOARD OF CONTROL Frank M. Harris, Chairman Eli H. Fink, Jacksonville St. Petersburg W. Glenn Miller, Monticello Hollis Rinehart, Miami Geo. W. English, Jr., Ft. Lauderdale George J. White, Sr., Mt. Dora Mrs. Jessie B. duPont, Jacksonville W. F. Powers, Secretary, Tallahassee STAFF, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE J. Hillis Miller, Ph.D., President of the University 1 J. Wayne Reitz, Ph.D., Provost for Agriculture 1 H. G. Clayton, M.S.A., Director of Extension Marshall 0. Watkins, M. Agr., Assistant Director F. W. Parvin, M.S.A., Assistant to the Director• Rogers L. Bartley, B.S., Administrative Assistant 1 Agricultural Demonstration Work, Gainesville J. Francis Cooper, M.S.A., Editor 1 Clyde Beale, A.B.J., Associate Editor 1 L. 0. Griffith, A.B.J., Assistant Editor' J. N. Joiner, B.S.A., Assistant Editor' J. Lee Smith, District Agent K. S. McMullen, M.Agr., District Agent F. S. Perry, B.S.A., lJistrict Agent H. S. McLendon, B.A., Soil Conservationist R. S. Dennis, B.S.A., Executive Officer, P. & M. Admin. 3 C. W. Reaves, B.S.A., Dairy Husbandman N. R. Mehrhof, M. Agr., Poultry Husbandman 1 J. S. Moore, M.S.A., Poultryman ~ A. W. O'Steen, B.S.A., Supervisor, Egg-Laying Test, Chipley T. J. Cunha, Ph.D., Animal Industrialist 1 0. F. Goen, D.V.M., Animal Husbandman 2 J. E. Pace; M.S.A., Assistant Animal Industrialist L. T. Nieland, Farm Forester H. G. Hamilton, Ph.D., Agricultural Economist' Charles M. Hampson, M.S., Agricultural Economist, Farm Management 1 D. E. Timmons, M.S.A., Economist in Marketing• E. W. Cake, Ph.D., Marketing Economist Clyde E. Murphree, M.S., Assistant Economist 2 Fred P. Lawrence, B.S.A., Citriculturist W. W. Brown, B.S.A., Boys' 4-H Club Agent John M. Johnson, B.S.A., Agricultural Engineer A. M. Pettis, B.S.A., Fa:rm Electrification Specialist John D. Haynie, B.S.A., Apiculturist V. L. Johnson, Rodent Control Specialist• J. Russell Henderson, M.S.A., Agronomist 1 F. S. Jamison, Ph.D .. Vegetable Crops Specialist 1 James Montelaro, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist Stanley E. Rosenberger, M. Agr., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist Forrest E. Myers, M. Agr., Assistant Vegetable Crops Specialist Horne Demonstration Work, Tallahassee Anna Mae Sikes, M.S., State Agent Ethyl Holloway, B.S., District Agent Mrs. Edyth Y. Barrus, B.S,H.E., District Agent Joyce Bevis, A.M., District Agent Mrs. Bonnie J. Carter, B.S., Home Improvement Specialist Mrs. Gladys Kendall, A.B., Home Industries and Marketing Specialist Lorene Stevens, B.S., State Girls' 4-H Club Agent Bronna Mae Elkins, B.S.H.E., Assistant Girls' 4-H Club Agent Cleo M. Arnett, M.S., Extension Nutritionist Helen D. Holstein, M.S., Food Conservation Specialist Alice L. Cromartie, M.S., Assistant Economist in Food Conservation Katherine Simpson, M,S., Extension Clothing Specialist Alma Warren, M.S., Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist Frances C. Cannon, M.S., Health Education Specialist Negro Extension Work, Tallahassee Floy Britt, B.S.H.E., Negro District Agent J. A. Gresham, B.S.A., Negro District Agent i Cooperative, other divisions. U. of F. 2 On leave. In cooperation with U, S.
PAGE 4
CONTENTS Page Director's Report for Florida ............................................................................ 7 Statistical Report ............... . ................. .... ............... . .. . ............... . ...................... 11 Publications, News, Radio 15 Safety and Fire Prevention ..................... ... ................................................ , ..... 19 Supervision of County Agents ............. .... . ......... .... ............. ...... .... . . .................... 20 Agricultural Economics ............................ . ............................... . ......................... 21 Farm Management Activities ...... .. . ...... ............. .. .. .... .............. . ................... 21 Citrus Grove Management .................................. ... ............... . ....................... 22 Marketing . . ..................... ........ ..... ........... .... ...... ......... .... . ........ .. .. .. . ... .......... ... .. .. 23 Agricultural Engineering and Farm Electrification .............. .. .................... 25 Agricultural Engineering .. . .... . ............ .... .............. ..... .............. .. .............. . . . . .. . 25 Farm Electrification ....... . . . . ... ......... ............. ..... . .. ............ ... ............. . . ... ........ ... 29 Agronomy ................................. .... .......... ... .. .. . .. . .. .......... ..... ............. .. ...................... 32 Animal Husbandry 34 Apiculture ...... ..... ... . ..... . ...... ... . . ......... . .......... . ................ . ................... . .. . ...... . . . .... ...... 36 Boys' 4-Il Club Work .......... . .... . .... ... ...... .... . .... ............ . ............. . ... . , ...................... 38 Citrus Culture ...... .................. .. ............................................................................. 41 Dairy Husbandry . . ........... ,. ..................... .... .................... . ........................................ 43 Forestry . . . . ... .. .. . ........... .... ..... ... .. . . .. ............ . . ...... .. .. ..... .............. ... ... . ..... ... ... ..... ... .. . ... 47 Poultry Activities . ...... ................................. ...... ............. . ............. ..... ............. ... .... 49 Soil and Water Conservation .. .... : .......... ... .................................. .. . . .................... 52 Vegetable Production and Merchandising ........ .. . ......... ........... ... ...................... 54 Vegetable Production ....... . .................. . ...... ... ... ........ . . ........... ............ ........... . .. 54 Vegetable Merchandising . . .............. .... ................ .. . . ...................................... 56 Home Demonstration Work ..................... .. ............... . . . ....................................... 57 Clothing and Textiles ........................... . .. ............................ ........... . . . ............... . .... 60 Editorial and Visual Aids ........ . ................ . .. ....... ........... ..... ........... ..... ............. ...... 61 Food and Nutrition ................. .. . ..... ........ . . . . .. ................................. ... ..................... 62 Food Conservation . .... ...... . .... .. ... ........ .... .............................. ......... . ............. . . ..... .. . 64 Food Production .... . ................ . ................... ... .............. . .............. ..... ............ ...... . . .. 65 Girls' 4-H Club Work .......... . .... ..... ....... ..... . ... ............... . ........................................ 67 Health Education .... . . . ................. . .......... . ..... .. .. . .......... .. . .. ........ _ . ...... . . . ................ . . . .. 69 Home Improvement : 70 Home Industries and Marketing ........... . . ..... .......... ...... ................ ... ................... 73 Negro Farm Demonstration Work ......................... . ... ..... ......... . .. ..... . .............. 76 Negro Home Demonstration Work 78 Negro Statistical Report, Men and Women ....... . ................. . ...................... 79 [3]
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COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS (As of November 30, 1952) COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT Alachua ...........• Loonis Blit c h ... ............. . .. Gainesville . . .. Mrs. Josephine McSwine Alachua (Asst.) ......... .L es ter W. Kalch ........ . . ... Gainesville .......... . .. . .. . . .. . . Miss Zena Cox Baker .. . ............•. G. T. Huggins ............ . . ... Macclenny ........... ... ............... . ................. . Bay ..... . ..... . ....... .J. A. Sorenson . ................ Panama CityMiss Emma L. Stevenson Bradford ...... ... Starke ... .. ........... Miss Dorothy P. Ross Brevard ............ .J. T. Oxford . ............ ....... Cocoa .. .. ................. . Mrs. Eunice F. Gay Broward ............ B. E. Lawton .................. Ft. Lauderdale ...... . . Miss Louise Taylor Broward (Asst.) .......... Robert S. Pryor .. . ........... Ft. Lauderdale . .. . . . ... ... . .. . ... . .. .. . .. . . .... . ... .... . Calhoun ............. Thomas B. Jones ....... ... .. Blountstown ........ Miss Nancy E. White Calhoun (Asst.) .......... Horace M. Carr ........ : .. ... Blountstown .......... .. ................ . .. . ............. . Charlotte ..... .... . N . H. McQueen . ......... .. . . . Punta Gorda ......... . . . . ........ ....... ........ ...... ... . Citrus . ....... .. ...... Quentin Medlin ...... . ... ..... Inverness . ... ......... . Mrs. Doris R. Turner Citrus (Asst.).Edsel W. Rowan ............ Jnverness ............ .. ................. ..... ....... , ... . . . Clay .... . . . ............ Charles C. Below ..... ... . . . Green Cove SpringsMrs. Sue P. Murphy Columbia ....... . ..•... . ... . ............ ..... . . ....... . . . .. . .. Lake City .......... . . Mrs. Glenn M. Sewell Columbia (Asst.) .......... N ea l M. Dukes ............... . .Lake City ............. . ................. . . . ............... . Dade ........ .......... C. H. Steffani.. ............. .. .Miami... . ... .... Eunice Grady Dade (Asst.) ... J. Lawrence Edwards ... Miami... . . .. ...... . ........... . .... Miss Olga Kent Dade (Asst.) ... John D. Campbell .......... Homest ea d ... . .... ....... . ... . .......... ...... ........... . Dade (Asst.) ... Rayburn K. Price ......... . .Miami ..... . . . ............ Mrs. Ruth T. Penner DeSoto .............. W. L. Woods . . ................ .. Arcadia . . ............. .... . .... ............ ... . ... .......... . Dixie . .... ... ......... JI. 0. Harrison ........ : .... . . Cross City ............ . ................... ... ........... .. . . Duval . .. ... . ........ _James N. Watson ...... .. . Jacksonville ....... ..... Miss Pearl Laffitte Duval (Asst.).Wm. E. Kloeppel... ... .. ... . Jacksonville .... Miss Betty Lou Nuttle Duval (Asst.) .... .... ................ . ............... .. .. Jacksonville .... Miss Louise M. Spaeth Escambia .. . ...... .E. N. Stephens ............... . Pensacola ..... ....... Miss Ethel Atkinson Escambia (Asst.) .......... Henry P . Davis ......... . ... .. P e nsacola . . . ............. Mrs. Lucy M . Gray Gadsden . .. ......... A. G. Driggers ............. . . . Quincy ...................... Miss Elise Laffitte Gadsden (Asst.) .......... Bernard H. Clark. .... ..... . Quincy ........ Mrs. Marjorie B. Gregory Gilchrist .. . ........ Jiarry E. George ........ . .. Trenton .. .. ... . ........... .. . ... .. ........ . . . . . ............. . Glades ............... A. G. Hutchinson ....... . . .. Moore Haven .... .............. ...... ............. ...... . Gulf ................... C. R. Laird .... .................. . Wewahitchka ...... Miss Ruth L. Milton Hamilton .......... A . E. Nesmith .......... .. .. . . . Jasper ... ................................... . . . . ... .......... . Hardee ...... ... . .... E. H. Vance . . . ........ . ... . . .. . . Wauchula ... . Mrs. Mamie C. Daughtry Hendry . .......... -JI. L. Johnson .. ............. .. LaBelle .. ............ . .... . . . ....... . ....... . ............... . Hernando .......... Harry J. Brinkley .... .... . . Brooksville ......... ... .. .. .............. ......... ........ . Highlands ......... V. T. Oxer . ...................... .Sebring . . .......... Miss Catherine Brabson Highlands (Asst.) ......... .Bert J. Harri s, Jr . . ... . . . .Sebring . . . . . . ......... . .. .. . . ........... . . ...... ............ . Hillsborough ... .Alec White . . . . .............. . ... . Tampa ............................ Miss Lora Kiser Hillsborough (Asst.) ......... .Edwin Booth ................. .. Tampa . .. ................. . . . ............. .... ............... . [4)
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COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS-(Continued) COUNTY COUNTY AGENT Hillsborough ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT (Asst.) ......... .Jean Beem ............ : .......... Tampa ....................................................... . Hillsborough (Asst.) .......... Neal B. Witmer .............. Tampa .............. , ........................................ . Hillsborough (Asst.) .......... J. 0. Armor ..................... Plant City .................... Miss Emily King Hillsborough (Asst.) ..................................................... Ruskin ........................ Miss Ethel Weeks Holmes (Acting) ....... John C. Russell... ............ Bonifay .................. Mrs. Anita B. Davis Indian River .... Marcel A. Boudet .......... Vero Beach ............................................... . Jackson ............. \Voodrow W. Glenn ....... .Marianna ............ Mrs. Alyne C. Heath Jackson (Asst.) .......... William C. Zorn ............. Marianna ................................................. . J efferson ........... Albert H. Odom .............. Monticello .......... Mrs. Mary C. McLeod Lafayette ........•. S. L. Brothers ................. Mayo ........................................... , ............. . Lake .................. R. E. Norris .................... Travares .............. Mrs. Lucie K. Miller Lake (Asst.) .. Jack T. McCown ............. Tavares .......... Miss Martha C. Burdine Lee ..................... C. P. Heuck. .................... Fort Myers ............................................... . Leon .................. .James L. Rhoden ........... Tallahassee ............ Mrs. Nellie D. Mills Leon (Asst.) ... Donald E. Adams .......... Tallahassee ............................................. . Levy ................... T. D. Rickenbaker ......... Bronson .... Miss Margaret M. Godfrey Liberty ...........•. Horace M. Carr .............. BristoL. ..... Mrs. Camilla R. Alexander Madison ...........• Oliver R. Hamrick, Jr .. .Madison ............ Miss Bennie F. Wilder Manatee .......... Wilson H. Kendrick. ...... Palmetto ................ Mrs. Anne D. Davis Manatee (Asst.) ......... .Johnnie F. Barco ............ Palmetto ................................................... . Manatee (Asst.) .........• Robert G. Curtis ............ Palmetto ...... : ............................................ . Marion ........ , ..... A. David Baillie, Jr ....... Ocala .................... Miss Allie Lee Rush Marion (Asst.) .......... Carey A. Robbins ........... Ocala ........ Miss Catherine S. Prevedel Martin ............... L. M. J ohnson ................. Stuart .................. Mrs. Lucile I. Clagett Nassau .............. Gordon B. Ellis ............... Hilliard ............ Mrs. Julia P. Jernagan Okaloosa ........... Alexander H. Clemmons ..................... Crestview ................................................. . Okeechobee ...... C. R. Boyles ..................... Okeechobee ............................................... . Orange ............. .F. E. Baetzman .............. Orlando .... Miss Marjorie K. Ludeman Orange(Asst.) Henry F. Swanson ......... Orlando .... Miss Nancy R. Watlington Osceola ........... _J. R. Gunn ........................ Kissimmee .......... Miss Muriel A. Beck Palm Beach ...• M. U. Mounts ................. West Palm Beach .... Miss Sara Horton Palm Beach (Asst.) .......... John H. Causey .............. .West Palm Beach-• Miss Elizabeth Hudson Palm Beach ..... . (Asst.) .......... H. L. Speer ...................... Belle Glade ............................................... . Pasco ................. J. F. Higgins .................. Dade City ............ Mrs. Mary R. Stearns Pasco (Asst.) . .James B. Smith ............. Dade City ................................................. . Pinellas ............. J. H. Logan .................... ClearwaterMrs. Charlotte M. Lattimer Pinellas (Asst.) .......... L. E. Cunningham ......... Clearwater ........ Mrs. Ruth Ann Ferris [ 5]
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COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS-(Continued) COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT Polk. .................. W. P. Hayman ................ Bartow .. .. ........ Mrs. Minnie M. Carlton Polk (Asst.) .... Thomas W. Sparks ........ .Bartow ................ Miss Doris E. Frazier Polk (Asst.) ... .Earl M. Kelly .. .. .. .. . .. ...... Bartow . .................................................... . Polk (Asst.) .... Jackson A. Haddox .. ..... Bartow . ... ...... . ............ .... ...... ..... ............... . Putnam .. ...... . .... H. E. Maltby . .. .......... . .... Palatka . . .. Mrs. Elizabeth W. Starbird Putnam(Asst.)Ralph T. Clay ...... ......... Palatka ..................................................... . Saint Johns ..... P. R. McMullen ............... St. Augustine .... ... . Miss Anna E. Heist Saint Lucie . ..... Charles D. Kime ...... .. . . ... Fort Pierce .... Miss Sammie J. Kilgore Santa Rosa ...... Emmett D. McCall... ..... Milton .... .. ................ Miss Lora A. Botts Santa Rosa (Asst.) ... . . ... .. Grant M. Godwin ....... ... .Milton .................. . ................. . .................. . Sarasota ........... .Kenneth A. Clark. .... .. .... Sarasota . .......... . Mrs. Laleah B. Brown Sarasota (Asst.) ... . ...... Frank L. Polhill... .......... Sarasota .......................................... . ........ . Seminole ........... C. R. Dawson .................. Sanford .................... Miss Lila Woodard Sumter .............. O. M. Maines, Jr ...... .. .. . Bushnell . . Miss Magdalene M. Downey Sumter(Asst.) Wilburn C. Farrell... . . ... Bushnell ................................................... . Suwannee ... .. . .. . Floyd L. Eubanks ... .. .. .. .Live Oak. ........ .. . Miss Esther B. Foster Suwannee (Asst.) .......... Leona:rd C. Cobb ............ .Live Oak ................................................... . Taylor ............... . S. C. Kierce ............... . ..... Perry ...... Mrs. Ruth McKeown Elkins Union ................ William J. Cowen .......... Lake Butler ...... . ....... . .......... .... . ... ..... .. ....... . Volusia ....... ..... .. William J. Platt, Jr . ..... DeLand .................... Mrs. Edna L. Eby Volusia (Asst.) .......... Thomas R. Townsend .. DeLand ..................................................... . Wakulla ....... _ ... A. S. Laird ....................... Crawfordville ........................................... . Walton ...... .. ...... Mitchell Wilkins ............. DeFuniak Springs. Mrs. Florence M. Gatlin Washington ..... . Johnnie E. Davis ............ Chipley .............. Mrs. Mary L. Minchin NEGRO COUNTY AND HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS COUNTY COUNTY AGENT ADDRESS HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT Alachua ............. English M. Greene ... . ..... Gainesville ........ .. ...... Leontine Williams Columbia ....... _McKinley Jeffers . ......... .. Lake City ...... ..... ........... Gladys Wilkins Dade ............................................................. .Miami.. .. ....... .... .. ... Victoria . M. Simpson Duval . .. ................... . .......... ... ....... ... ....... .... .. . J acksonville .... . ........... .. Ethel M. Powell Gadsden ....... . .... Russell Stephens ...... . ..... Quincy .................... Ursula H. Williams Hamilton .... ... ... .Isaac Chandler, Jr ...... .. . White Springs ......................................... . Hillsboro ................................................. . . ... Tampa ............................ Sudella J. Ford Jackson ............• Virgil Elkins .................. Marianna ...... ... ..... Virginia V. Dickens J efferson ..... . ..... M. E. Groover ........... ...... Monticello ...... . .......... .. ........ ... ......... .. ...... . Leon ... ........... . ... .Richard A. Hartsfield . ... Tallahassee ...... ... .. .. ...... ... Irie Mae Clark Madison ............ James C. Miller .............. Madison ..... ...... ....... ...... Lola E. Preston Marion .............. . Eugene P. Smith ...... ...... Ocala ............... ... ......... .. ......... ...... ..... . ....... . Marion ......................................... .. .............. Reddick. . .. ....... . .... ..... . .... .. Idella R. Kelly Putnam ........................................................ Palatka ............................ Mary E. Jones Sumter .............. Richard L. Bradley ...... . .Bushnell . .... .... . . ...... .. . . . ........... ...... ... . . . ...... . Volusia ......................................................... DeLand ........................ Ida T. Pemberton [ 6]
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DIRECTOR'S REPORT FOR FLORIDA H. G. Clayton, Director Marshall 0. Watkins, Assistant Director F. W. Parvin, Assistant to the Director 1 This report contains in briefed form an outline of various phases of Extension work carried on in 1952. Additional and more complete infor mation is available but has not been included, due to the need for keeping the length of this report within reasonable limits. Florida is making ra ' pid advancements in such agricultural fields as mechanization, pesticides, improved varieties of crops and higher pro ducing livestock. As a result, the entire field of agriculture is becoming more specialized and managing the farm business is a highly complicated operation. It is more necessary than ever that Extension personnel be well qualified professionally so they may keep abreast of 'progress in research and carry out effective Extension programs. Sixty-four counties are now served by county agents and 47 by county home demonstration agents. There are 40 assistant county agents and 15 assistant home demonstration agents. During the year three additional assistant county agents, one assistant home demonstration agent and two county clerks were added to county staffs. Most of the necessary additional funds for these increases were provided from county sources. A number of other counties requested additional county Extension agents to provide needed educational pro grams in fields not now adequately covered. Such requests included home demonstration agents in some of the 20 counties not now having this work and assistant agents in counties where the present county Extension staff is unable to carry out needed programs in certain fields due to the existing heavy work load per worker. These counties agreed to provide the usual county portion of the cost of employing such additional workers. However, necessary state and federal funds were not available to match county appropriations and supply the needed workers. The specialist staff is responsible for providing county workers with new research information in various subject-matter fields. Men specialists are housed at the University of Florida and women s pecialists at Florida State University. At present one specialist covers the entire state in most fields and in others, such as entomology, no specialist is employed. This creates a serious gap in the effective passage of information to the field. It was not possible to add any additional men specialists during 1952. Two specialists were added to the state home demonstration staff to fill positions previously created but not filled. By more efficient planning of Extension activities and by insuring that all e11.ucational programs started were sound, it was possible to increase the amount and effectiveness of educational work performed by each worker. This permitted some progress during the year in meeting agricultural and home economics needs. For example, the agents made 5,835 more farm or home visits in 1952 than in 1951, the number of office calls increased by 17,562 and 679 more news articles or stories were published. The number of farms on which changes resulted from the agricultural program increased by 1,169 in 1952 and 6,386 more non-farm families made changes as a result of the agricultural program. 1 On Le av e effective May 15, 1952. [7]
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8 Florida Cooperative Extension In 4-H Club work there was a slight increase in membership during the year, but reports show that more members received definite training in specific fields. The number of 4-H members receiving training in judging rose from 4,546 in 1951 to 6,293 in 1952, or an increase of 1,747. The number of 4-H members giving demonstrations increased from 8,732 in 19 5 1 to 10,004 in 1952. More club members received . training in recreational leadership, fire and accident prevention and wildife con servation. SOURCES OF REVENUE 1951-52 Federal Funds: Smith-Lever .......................................... . .... ... .. .. ........ $ 82,384.75 Bankhead-Jones ... : . . .................................................. 129,651.51 Capper-Ketcham ............... . ................. . ..... . . .. .... . .... .. 28,802.26 Bankhead-Flannagan .......................................... 121,915.18 Clarke-McNary 1,620.00 Research & Marketing ...... . ........ . :........................... 906.25 Farm Housing .......................................................... 640.00 Rural Electrification ..... : ... .. .... . ..... .. ............ .. ........... 2,500.00 $ 368,419.95 State Appropriations: Legislature ................................................................ $461,295.00 $ 461,295.00 State Trust Funds: ...... . .... .. ........................ ....... .. . . . .... . .. 18,086.84 18,086.84 County Appropriations: ...................................... . . .. .. . ... 457,313.00 457,313.00 Grand Total ............ . .... .. .... .. ................ .... .. .. ..... . ........... .. $1,305,114. 79 SOURCES OF REVENUE 1952-53 Federal Funds: Smith-Lever .............................................................. $ 82,384.75 Bankhead-Jones ........................................................ 129,651.51 Capper-Ketcham .... . ..... ....... ..... ... .... .. .... ... ............... . Bankhead-Flannagan ... ..... . ............................. . .... .. . Clarke-McNary .......... ................ . ....................... .. .... . . Research & Marketing ... ... ................ . ...... . ........... . Farm Housing ............... , ........................... ... .......... . . Rural Electrification ......... . .... . ..... .... ... .......... .. ... . .. . State Appropriations: 28,802.26 121,915.18 1,620.00 906.25 640.00 2,500.00 $ 368,419.95 Legislature ...... ...... .. .... . ........... ... ... ... . ..... .. ... ... ..... ... . $498,640.97 $ 498,640.97* 17,822.13 490,392.00 State Trust Funds:.... .. ...... . ..... . .............................. ..... .. 17,822.13 County Appropriations: .. . ...... ................. . . .. .......... . ... . . 490,392.00 Grand Total . .. ... .......... ... .. ... . ..... .. ... ... ... .. ...... .. .......... .. .. ....... $1,375,275.05 Includes $37,345.97 in carried-over funds from 1951-52 appropriation.
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Annual R e port, 195 2 9 Fig. 1. DiTec to r Clayton, on behalf of the ational Fertilize!' Asso c iation , awards a cup for 1951 pasture improvement to Bradley Munro e of Gad den Co unt y . PERSO EL 'I h e need for Extension wol'kel's to be informed regarding n e w s ubject matter and method s in order to be st se l've the state i s recognized. A co n tant e ffort i s made to encoul'age and provide ways for workers to beco m e m -0re proficient . Th e conti nuou s process of trai nin g workel's i s carr i ed on in m any d iff ere nt ways. Among the most important i s the professiona l improv ment go al eac h worker sets for him se l f a nd ach i eves by r eadi ng professional magazines, stu d y -0f books and bulletins and by atte nding professional meeti ng s . Th e tate staff aids in the training process. Di s tri ct s up erv i s or s c-011cluct on-the -j ob t rainin g in office managem e nt, program planning and pl'ogram exec ution. Spec iali s t s help the co unty s taff k ee p curr e nt in s ubject matte!' by se nding n ew research informatio n through letter s and in area training meetings, u s ually held at Expel'iment Station s . An Annual Conference, h e ld in Octob e l' eac h year, serve to bring to all cou nt y workers s ubj ect -ma tter and met ho ds information. It al so br ing them outstanding speakers w h o di cuss national and international problems !'elating to agriculture and hom emak in g.
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10 Florida Cooperative Extension A three weeks' summer school for Extension workers was continued in 1952. The four courses offered were Advanced Agricultural Extension Service Youth Programs, Soils, Ornamental Horticulture and Agricul tural Extension Work Through Group Action. Eighteen Extension workers attended this school. An Extension Training Committee functions to determine the courses to be offered and assists with other details of the schools. Five state and county staff members attended Regional Extension summer schools in 1952. One state staff member is on leave for graduate study. In July 1952 a special three weeks' graduate course in citrus grove management was offered at the Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, to county agents and assistants. Eleven agents completed this course, which carried three hours graduate credit. DEVELOPING STATE PROGRAMS Following the policy of program development established in Florida in the fall of 1949, progress continued in the development of aviculture and homemaking programs in the counties. The process of developing these county programs involved the use of community and county planning or commodity committees. Many counties have programs which were developed cooperatively with 'people in the counties. Other counties are making progress in this direction. Emphasis has been placed on having one overall Extension program for each county to cover the work of all county Extension agents. Efforts are being made to have annual plans of work reflect activities to be carried on during a single year which will contribute to the long time program. Specialists supply county workers a brief summary of situations, problems and suggested solutions in each subject-matter field before county plans are made. A State Citrus Advisory Committee, composed of state and county staff members, serves to develop the Extension citrus program. This program includes suggestions and recommendations on demonstrations, tours, Extension marketing activities and aids in developing the county program. A Vegetable Advisory Committee hel'ps to develop the Extension vegetable program in much the same way as described for citrus. Four-H Club work for boys includes all subject-matter fields and re quires coordination with most programs. This is accomplished through state and county committees. The state is divided into 10 4-H Club dis tricts. County agents and assistants in each district elect a chairman each year and meet as a group at least once a year to plan the year's program. State staff members attend these meetings. Out of this plan ning conference emerge plans for 4-H shows, training meetings for 4-H club officers and other events. Home demonstration programs are developed largely by county home demonstration councils, working with county home demonstration agents and state staff members. These councils elect re'presentatives to the state council, which meets annually at the University of Florida, to plan and develop a state program. This annual meeting provides an opportunity to recognize publicly leadership achievements of the county and state council members and also brings home demonstration work to the attention of the University and the state.
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Annual Report, 1952 11 EXTENSION TRAINING FOR FOREIGN VISITORS During May 19-30, 1952, the Agricultural Extension Service, working with the Experiment Station and the Teaching Division of the College of Agriculture, conducted a fruit and vegetable short course for 12 Euro pean visitors. Detailed Exension training programs were planned and arranged for 14 foreign visitors from the Netherlands, Philippines, Burma, Brazil, For mosa, Egypt, Pakistan, Peru and Nepal. In addition, Extension assisted with training 12 other visitors from the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Raos, Pakistan, Egypt and Greece. Interviews and assistance were given to numerous other foreign visitors whose primary interests were other than agriculture. Twenty-five Turkish educators have been in residence at the University as guests of the Col lege of Education. The county agent of Alachua County and his assistant assisted with this group's training. CHANGES IN STATE STAFF Appointments: James E. Pace, Assistant Animal Industrialist, February 1, 1952. Edwin W. Cake, Acting Economist in Marketing, March 1, 1952. James Mont e laro, Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist, September 1, 1952. Miss Bronna Mae Elkins, Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent, September 1, 1952. Miss Helen D. Holstein, Assistant Economist in Food Conservation, April 1, 1952. Miss Frances C. Cannon, A s sistant Health Education Specialist, June 1, 1952. Resignations: Mis s Ruth S. Lemmon, Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent, June 30, 1952. Joe N. Busby, Assistant State Boys' 4-H Club Agent, October 14, 1952. Granted Leave: Frank S. Jamison, Vegetable Crop Specialist, July 20, 1952. Fayette W. Parvin, Assistant to the Director, May 13, 1952. Clyde E. Murphree, Assistant Economist, Marketing & Farm Man agement, se ptember 22, 1952. STATISTICAL REPORT, MEN AND WOMEN Data from White County and Home Demon s tration Agents' Reports GENERAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS Months of service (agents and assistants) ...... .. ........ . ................ .. . . .... ... 1,867.7 Days of service: In office--20,952; In field-24,679 ... .. ................... 45,631 Farm or home visits made ......... . ................ .. ................................... .. ......... 74,480 Different farms or homes visited .................................... . ............ .. ......... 40,756 Calls relating to Extension work: Office-262,828; Telephone ............ 234,674 Days devoted to work with 4-H Clubs and older youths ...... .. ....... . 15,292 News articles or stories published .... .. ................. . ............... .. .................. . 12,009
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12 Florida Cooperative Extension Bulletins distributed ...... . ...... . .......................... ............................................. . Radio talks broadcast or prepared ..... . .... . . . . . ... .... . . ... . . .. .. ... ......... ...... .... . . . Training meetings held for local leaders or committeemen: Number .................. . ...................... . ........... .. .. . . . ... . ........... .. ..... .. ........... .... . Total attendance of men and women .......... . .................................... . Method demonstration meetings: Number .. .... ... ......................... .. .................... .. . . . ... .... ..... .. . . .. ... .... .... .. .... .. . . Total attendance ................................ . .................... . .......................... . .. . Tours , .......... .. ............................................. .. ....... . ....... .. .......... . ....... .. .... . ......... . Achievement days held for 4-H, older youth, and adult work ... . 4-H camps Boys attending ................................... . ...... .... .......... . .............. .. .... .. ........ . Girls attending .................................................................................... . .. . SUMMARY OF EXTENSION INFLUENCE Total number of farms ...... .. ...... . ..................... : ..... . ...... ... .......... ... ..... .. ..... . . . Farms on which changes in 'practices have resulted from agricultural program ................................................................................................... . Farms in which changes in practices resulted from agricultural program for the first time this year ................. . ............. .. .............. . Non-farm families making changes in practices as result of the agricultural program ..... . . .. ................................................ , ........... . ....... . Farm homes in which changes in 'practices have resulted from demonstration program ....................................................................... . Farm homes in which changes in practices resulted from home demonstration programs for the first time this year ... ........ . Non-farm families making changes in practices as a result of home demonstration programs ................... .. ............. . ............. .. ... . ....... .. .... .. .. . Non-farm families making changes in . Practices as a result of home qemonstration program for the first time this year ................... . Farm homes with 4-H club members enrolled ..... ... ................. ... ..... .. . Non-farm families with 4-H club members enrolled .. ... ..... ... ... .... ... . Different farm families influenced by some phase of Extension program ... ..... ..... ... ................. . .... . ......... ...... ............... . .. . ... . .... . ................. . Other families influenced by some phase of Extension 'program ....... . COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL PLANNING 325,096 2,589 1,700 21,582 13,058 275,255 657 770 2,008 1,818 56,921 32,069 5,475 29,167 17,500 3,978 17,761 4,978 11,396 8,195 40,925 45,451 Total number of communities in counties ... ... .... . ..... .. .... .... .... ... .. . ........ . .. 922 Number of .communities in which the extension program has been planned cooperatively .................................................................. .... ...... 683 SUMMARY OF 4-H CLUB PROJECTS 4-H Membership Boys: Farm-6,846; non-farm-3,056; total ............... .. ................ . Girls: Farm-6,406; non-farm-6,393; total .......... ... ..... . ............ .. . Number clubs ............ .. ......................................................................... . ......... . Number enrolled ...... . ..... . .................................. .. .... .... .. . ........ . .... . : ...... .. .... .. .. . Number completing ..................................................................................... . Projects completed by boys .......................... : ............................................ . Projects completed by girls ....... ..... .................... ... .. ..... .. ... ...... . ...... . ........ . Boys completing corn and 'peanut projects ............. . ............................. . Boys completing fruit projects ............ . ......................... .... .... .... ... .. ....... . 9,902 12,799 1,061 22,701 15,351 9,802 25,725 1,036 134
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Annual Report, 1952 13 Boys completing garden projects ...................... .. ........................ ... .. . . . .... 1,985 Boys completing market gardens, truck and canning crops . . .......... 133 Boys completing cotton and tobacco projects . .. ....................... . . ... . . . . ... 119 Boys completing poultry projects .. .. . ............. ...... . . .................. . ... . .. . . . .. . ... 1,397 Boys completing potato (Irish and sweet) projects .... . . . . .. .. . . . .. .... .... . 150 Boys completing beef cattle and swine projects . .. . ... . .............. .. . .... .... . 1,805 Girls completing fruit projects 247 Girls completing garden projects ............................................................ 1,975 Girls completing market gardens, truck and canning crops ............ 84 Girls completing dairy projects .......................... ... .. . ............ : ...... . . ..... .. . ... 169 Girls completing poultry projects . . . . .. . .......... . . . .. ... .... . .. . .......... . . . .... . .. .. . . ... 826 Girls completing food selection and preparation projects . ..... .... ...... 5,333 Girls completing health, home nursing and fir s t-aid projects . .... .. . ... . 1,034 Girls completing clothing, home management, home furnishings and room improvement projects ............................................... ... ........ 8,995 Girls completing food preservation projects . .... . .... .. .............. . .... ... .... . . 1,354 4-H clubs engaging in community activities such as im ' proving school grounds and conducting local fairs . ....... .. . ............ . .... .... . . .. .... 559 DAYS DEVOTED TO SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS BY . EXTENSION AGENTS CROP PRODUCTION Days devoted to: Corn .................... .. ........... . Other Cereals . ................ . Legumes ....... .. .................. . Pastures .... . .. . ................. . Cotton . . .... .. . ... . . ..... . ... . ..... . Tobacco ... . . .. .... .. .... . . . ..... . . . Potatoes and other vegetables ...... ... ................ . Fruits ........ . .. . . "' .. ........... . Other crops .... . . . . . . . .......... . CONSERVATION 732 229 1,303 2,968 210 422 1,789 1,863 4711 OF NATURAL RESOURCES Days devoted to: Soil and water .. . ............. 1,172 Forestry ........... . ................ 531 Wildlife .... .. .. . . . ................ . 210 GENERAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE Days devoted to: Price and trade policies .. 67 Land policy and programs ...... . ............. 60 Public finance and service .... .. .................. 63 Rural welfare .................. 256 LIVESTOCK, DAIRYING POULTRY Days devoted to: Dairy cattle ........... . .. . ....... 1,954 Beef cattle ............ . . . ... .. .... 2,555 Sheep ................... . .. .. ........ 13 Swine .... . ......... . ... . .. . . . .. . . _ .... 1,539 Horses and Mules . . ... . . ..... 68 Poultry ( including turkeys) ......... .... . .... .. 1,271 Other livestock ....... . .. . ..... 134 FARM MANAGEMENT Days devoted to: Farm a c counts, etc .... . ... . Individual farm planning, etc .............. . Farm credit ............ ... ...... . Outlook information . .... . MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION Days devoted to: General .............. . ... . .. . ... . . . Grain and Hay . . .. . .. ... . .. .. . Livestock .......... . .... . . .... ... . . Dairy products .. .. . .... ... . .. . Poultry and eggs ... . . . . . ... . Fruits and vegetables ... . Cotton ..................... . ....... . Forest products .......... . .... . 595 6601;2 314 267 288 133 603 227 484 572 44 96
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14 Florida Cooperative Extension AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Days devoted to: House plans, constlruc tion, water sy s tems, heating, etc. . .. ........... . . 298 Rural electrification ........ 304 Farm buildings ................ 275 Farm mechanical equipment .. .. ........ . ....... 369 HOME MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT, FAMILY ECONOMICS, NUTRITION & HEALTH Days devoted to: House, furnishings an d surroundings 1,747 Home management 462 Clothing and textiles ..... . 2,575 Family relationships ...... 445 Recreation and community life . ...... . ........ 1,137 Home production of family food supply .. 1,692 Food preservation and storage ...... ... ...... . 1,510 Food selection and preparation .......... . .. . ... . ..... . 2,110 Other health and safety work . _ . .. ....... . . ....... . .. . . ... 840 Other commodities ........ 130 Home products and crafts ...... .. ........ ... .... . 475 Purchasing of farm & home supplies and equipment ................ 400
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Annual Report, 1952 PUBLICATIONS, NEWS, RADIO J. Francis Cooper, Editor Clyde Beale, Associate Editor L. Odell Griffith, Assistant Editor Jasper N. Joiner, Assistant Editor 15 While the number of bulletins and circulars printed during the fiscal year was smaller than for the preceding 12 months, other editorial serv ices were expanded. The department is making a special effort to develop visual aids services and acquire equipment. The Editor continued to serve as distribution officer for USDA publica tions, and sent hundreds of them to county and home demonstration agents. Demand continued heavy for the more popular Extension bulletins and circulars. These, along with record books and miscellaneous sup plies, are distributed from the mailing room. Copies of all new bulletins and circulars are sent to county and home demonstration agents, libraries, and some professional workers. Subsequently, the publicati-0ns are dis tributed on request only. PUBLISHED MATERIALS A 4-H club song book with music, needed for some years, was published during this fiscal year and is being put to widespread use. Five new bulletins and two new circulars were issued and one bulletin and one circular were reprinted. The new bulletins totaled 180 pages, the new circulars 16 pages. Copies printed totaled 74,000 of the new bulletins, 42,000 of the new circulars. Additional materials 'printed included record books for junior 4-H club members raising gardens, breeding livestock, young livestock, forests, poultry and rabbits, and girls doing clothing work, 4-H record book, clothing record, 4-H electricity record, window cards for the Poultry Institute and two Farm and Home Institutes, blanks for egg records and agents' monthly reports, and a program for the Boys' 4-H Short Course. Principal items published during the year included the following: Pages Edition Bui. 149 Selecting and Culling Poultry ................................ 20 20,000 Bul. 150 Propagation of Ornamental Plants ........................ 56 30,000 Bul. 151 Beekeeping in Florida ................................................ 32 12,000 Bui. 152 Native and Exotic Palms of Florida .................... 72 12,000 Bul. 140 Dooryard Citrus Plantings in Florida (re'print) .. 24 30,000 Circ. 104 Vegetable Garden Production Guide .................... 12 30,000 Circ. 105 Suggested Pecan Spray Schedule for Florida .... 4 12,000 Circ. 95 A Cow and Calf Plan for Florida (revised) ........ 6 12,000 Songs for Florida 4-H Clubs ............................ 36 15,000 County and home demonstration agents in 64 counties reported dis tributing 339,782 bulletins during the year. SERVICE TO NEWSPAPERS AND FARM JOURNALS The weekly clipsheet, Agricultural News Service, containing 8 to 15 separate articles each time, was printed and distributed for its 29th year. It continued to serve the Agricultural Experiment .Stations, College of
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16 Florida Coopemtive E x t ensi on A g ricultur e, State Plan t Board and re l ated st ate and federa l agenci es , :is well a the Extension Service . Distributed primari l y to weekly new s pape r , it went also to cou n ty and hom e demonstration ag e nt s, vocational agricu l ture teacher s, farm journals, so me radio sta ti o ns , and others working with group s of farm 'people . The Associated Pr es wire se rvice cont inu ed to take from one to se veral stor i es each week, as s up p l ied by t h e E xte n s ion Editor s . S peci a l s tories, often acc o m pa ni e d by p icture s, were s up p li e d one or more dail y new paper s direct at frequent intervals. Newspaper farm page e di tors and farm journal editor were assisted in gathering materials of t h e ir ow n on ca mpu . ounty and home demonstration agents in 64 cou n ties reported ha ving 12,416 article s and stories publis h ed in the ir l ocal newspapers. A mat for a county agent column h eadi ng was s uppli e d se veral agents and a t lea t one story for them to release we nt to 3 0 agents. Of material prepared by t h e Fl or i da Extension Editors, two national p ubli cat i ons printed two artic l es occupy in g 51 c olumn inche s , two S outhern jo u r nal s c ani ed four sto rie in 58 co lumn inc h es, and s i x Florida farm per i od ical s pr int ed 15 artic l es for a total of 479 column in c h es of space. RADIO A D TELEVISION Early in 1952 the Exten ion Service taged one 30-min u te te l evis ion h ow over a Jacksonville station, giving information about poultry pr duct i o n an d marketing . Th e Extension Editor al o se nt one s lid e and two sp ot moti on pictures to te l evision st ati o n s in Ja c k so nville and Miami. Th e Exten s ion Dairyman was taped for the Mutual New sree l and for two minutes told li ste n ers to over 500 stat ion s throughout the United Fig. 2.-Thi s ho w, 'presenti ng po int ers from baby c hick s to ready-toe at pou l try meat, was one of the television progra m s pre ented during t h e year .
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Annual Report, 1952 17 States ab-out the 4-H dairy judging team from Florida which had won national honors and was going to England hoping_ to participate in an international judging contest. For eight Florida radio stations the Editors cut 24 tapes which con tained 42 talks by Extension Service staff members, as well as Experiment Station workers and others. County and home demonstration agents in 41 counties reported preparing and making 2,686 radio talks. The Florida Farm Hour over University Radio Station WRUF from 12:15 to 12:45 five days a week and from 12:30 to 12:45 Saturdays con tinued to be a means of disseminating a large amount of information. Farm news highlights were a daily feature for 308 times, home eco nomics notes, the farm question box and the farm editorial we r e 'presented weekly, and farm flashes from the USDA were given frequently. A summary for the year shows that there were 97 talks by Extension workers, 116 by staff members of the Experiment Station, 24 from the College of Agriculture, and 30 others, with farm news highlights presented 308 times, home economics notes 50 times, the question box 50, the editorial 51 and Farm Flashes 115 times. Indicative of the widespread cooperation extended by the Farm Hour, the year's features included eight talks by State Plant Board worker ': 10 by the state executive officer of the Production and Marketing Ad ministration, 11 by a home economist for an electric cooperative association, one by the state director of the Farmers' Home Administration, one by the state veterinarian, two by representatives of the USDA, and two by farmers. Interviews included representatives of the State Home Dem onstration Council, an Italian prince and princess, poultry producers , officials of a feeder calf sale, and 4-H club members. Taped features were obtained at the Florida State Fair, a land clearing demonstration in Clay County, a watermelon packing school in Gilchrist County and the Central Florida Exposition. Direct broadcasts by remote control came from the Florida State Fair, Lake County Fair , the Agricultural College Fair and the Gainesville feeder calf sale. The Associate Editor continued distribution through the Associated Press teletype service of a weekly Florida farm review and monthly home demonstration review and monthly round-up of flower gardening sug gestions. He supplied a fortnightly review of farm information direct to 35 stations not receiving AP service. Farm flashes for five days a week were sent to 39 stations, in co o'peration with USDA. USDA flashes adapted to the state were distributed as received, and seven minutes of material from Extension Service, Ex periment Station and other workers _ were duplicated and sent for more than half of the 235 days. VISUAL AIDS AND MISCELLANEOUS Some small additions were made to the slide library and also the filmstrip library. Additional filing equipment was obtained for slides. Additional shots were made for the motion picture on negro exten s ion work. Agents were assisted in obtaining motion picture films from the depository, and this office maintained a small number of films for loans. Public address systems, motion picture projectors, slide throwers and cameras are maintained. The Editors spoke to nine se parate groups, attended by 142 people. The groups included classes in forestry and Extension method s , horn (' demonstration and 4-H club organizations.
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18 Florida Cooperati v e Extension The Editor continued to serve as a member of the . University's public relations advisory committee and the agricultural and publications com mittee of the local Chamber of Commerce. The work of the Extension Editorial Office was explained to several representatives of the agricultural agencies of foreign countries. As in the past, the Editors devoted approximately one-half of their time to work for the Agricultural Experiment Stations, by whom they are coope r atively employed.
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Annual Report, 1952 19 SAFETY AND FIRE PREVENTION Bonnie J. Carter and L. T. Nieland The Home Improvement Specialist and Extension Forester promoted the Farm Safety program during 1952 through assistance to county and home demonstration agents. During weeks especially set aside to emphasize safety and fire pre vention, every available medium of communications was used by specialists and county Extension workers to alert the public to the vital need of eliminating fire and safety hazards. To aid this program the Specialists, in cooperation with the National Safety Council, sent county agricultural and home demonstration agents farm safety packets. These contained complete instructions on launching and conducting county-wide safety campaigns, envelope stickers, posters, pamphlets on safe driving and other leaflets on how to prevent farm and home accidents. Special emphasis was placed on preparing families to take care of themselves and others under the Civil Defense Program. Qualified swimming instructors and lifeguards were provided by the Florida Agricultural Extension Service for waterfront duty at each of the five district 4-H club camps during the camping season. During ' the year 10,818 families were assisted in eliminating fire and safety hazards and 10,571 4-H club members received training in this field. To encourage 4-H interest, a statewide 4-H Safety Contest for boys and girls was held. The prize-a trip to the National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago and a gold medal-was won by a 4-H boy.
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20 Florida Cooperative Extension SUPERVISION OF COUNTY AGENTS H. G. Clayton, Director J. Lee Smith, District Agent K. S. McMullen, District Agent F. S. Perry, District Agent Among the responsibilties a s signed to district agents is the job of recruiting, sel e cting and placing county agents and assistants. Placing county workers involves clearing recommendations with the Director of Extension, who then recommends appointments to the President of the University of Florida and the USDA Extension Service. Placing agents also involve clearing appointments with cooperating county boards of county commissioners. During 1952 one county agent was granted leave of absence to accept a foreign assignment with the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations. Two county agents retired, one died and three resigned to accept other employment. Two assistant agents resigned to do other work. To fill these vacancies and three new positions, district agents arranged new appointments for one county agent and five assistant county agents. Transfers involving promotions were arranged for five assistant agents. One county agent was promoted to a larger and higher paying county. Two assistant agents, formerly em'ployed on a half-time basis, were given promotions to full-time status. Two county agents returned from military leaves of absence. District agents assumed a large share of the responsibility for planning and carrying out the 4-H Club program in their respective districts. This involved assistance with county, district and state 4-H livestock and poultry shows, meetings with county agents by districts to plan 4-H district ac tivities, planning and arranging programs for summer 4 H camps and short courses and other 4-H events. Since in-service training and indoctrination of new agents is a re sponsibility of the district agents, much time and planning was spent on this activity. District agents served on committees and otherwise assisted with the annual Extension conference, summer school for Ex tension workers and area training meetings for agents at Experiment Stations. They kept county workers informed on Extension programs and policies and provided on-the-job indoctrination and training. They assisted agents to organize office and field work and maintain good working relations with other agricultural agencies and organizations and related industry groups. A most important function of the district agents was that of co ordinating activities of Extension s pecialists in their respective districts. This involved keeping specialists informed on developments in subject matter fields throughout the district, calling attention to and relaying requests for assistance needed, coordinating activities of specialists in volved in a single program and eliminating unnecessary travel. District agents assisted with arrangements for farm and home in stitutes, citrus and poultry institutes and various other Extension activities. They worked closely with district home demonstration agents in assisting all agents in each county to pre'pare a coordinated county plan of work, based on a long-time program developed with the people in the county.
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Annual Report, 1952 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS H. G. Hamilton, Agricultural Economist . FARM MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES C. M. Hampson, Economist in Farm Management Clyde E. Murphree, Assistant Economist 2 21 About one-third of the time of the Economist was given to Extensi o n Farm Management and two-thirds to teaching Ext e nsion Service methods. The Assistant Economist d e voted full time to Marketing and Farm Man agement until September 22, at which time he began a year's leave of absence for professional improvement. Farm and Home Planning.-This 'project of plannin g with individual s continued through its twelfth year. Six county agents conducted most of the work, after training and annual coaching by the Economist. Ex tension Agents are planning with about 270 families. Some 1,200 recom mended practices have been completed annually as a result of this planning, resulting in an added income of about $170,000. Teaching Extension Service Methods.-During the fall term of colleg e the Economist offered two regularly scheduled courses and, throughout the year, conducted two problems courses. He planned and supervised a three-week summer school for Extension workers at the University of Florida, taught one of the four courses offered and a ss isted in planning a three-week citrus production course. There was a total of 140 enrollees in all courses , including 24 county and six state staff Extension worker s , or an increase of 63 'percent over 1951. Applied Extension Methods Teaching.-School room teaching was fol lowed by assistance in the field. The Economist helped six agents revise their 4-H Club programs and two their over-all programs and assisted in conducting six training meetin g s for 4-H officers and leaders. Florida Agricultural Outlook Work.-The Assistant Economist served as secretary for the Florida Agricultural Outlook Committee, which ap praised the agricultural outlook for Florida for 1952 53, and prepar e d the annual release. He delivered various outlook talk s, participated in panel discussions before vari o us farmer groups and a me e ting of Florida bankers and supplied outlook data to specialists and a large number o f correspondents. Land Clearing Demonstration.-The Assistant Economist a s sisted in carrying out a land-clearing demonstration (workin g with the Clay Coun t y Agent and two private implement companies). A re ' port of re s ults was issued in mimeographed form. Flatwoods land, having an average of 62 trees and stumps per acre, required an average of about two hours to cl e ar , pile brush and prepare. High hammock land, averaging 106 trees and stumps ' per acre, required about three hours and heavy hammock, averaging 100 trees per acre, r e quired about four hours and 20 minutes. Marketing Activities.-The A s sisant Economist conducted discu ss ion meetings with variou s groups in regard to mark e ting problems, including a curb mark e t, general agricultural coop er ative, poultry and eggs and vegetables. He compiled an _ d di s tributed to county agent s a summary of both federal and s tate legislation pertaining to agricultural marketing. 2 Gr a nted ye a r 's leav e of ab s ence to do gr a duate wo rk, S e p t e mb e r 2 2 , 1952.
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22 Florida Cooperative Extension Miscellaneous Activities.-The two specialists gave assistance in the developmnet of manuscripts dealing with laws of descent and distribution, rental agreements, income tax and 4-H officer training. Assistance was given also in conducting studies of swine producton practices, retirement farming and farming practices in Alachua County. The Economists conferred and traveled with 35 representatives of 22 different countries, judged at eight fairs and three contests, assisted with three 4-H camp programs, three radio programs and two tape recordings on economic problems, distributed income tax bulletins, tenure bulletins and farm record books and supervised compilation of the Director's an nual statistical report. They participated in meetings of Production and Marketing Adminis tration, Farmers' Home Administration, College of Agriculture clubs, Florida Resource-Use Education Committee, vocational agriculture, vet erans' classes, Farm Bureau, civic clubs and 11 agricultural economics seminars and were consultants to the agricultural division of the State Welfare Board and Veterans' Vocational Agriculture Training. Both were members of various committees, including the Southern Extension Farm Management Committee of Farm Foundation. CITRUS GROVE MANAGEMENT Zach Savage, Associate Agricultural Economist, Experiment Station In an effort to assist growers with records and grove management, an average of 249 records were completed over the 19 seasons of 1931-50. For the 1949-50 season 223 groves were summarized. Cash receipts from oranges, grapefruit and tangerines were 37 percent of all cash receipts from farm marketings in Florida for the period 1924-50. Oranges and tangerines made up 27 percent of these receipts and grape fruit 10 percent. Cash receipts annually from citrus for this period averaged $72,347,000. These receipts varied from $26,387,000 in 1924 to $221,681,000 in 1950. There were two seasons, 1947 and 1948, when cash receipts from live stock and livestock products exceeded receipts from citrus and one season, 1948, when receipts from truck crops exceeded those from citrus. In no season did combined receipts from other fruits, nuts and field crops equal citrus receipts. Citrus receipts varied from 22 percent of all receipts in 1948 to 49 percent in 1944, and averaged 37 percent. Receipts from citrus were one-third or more of the total in 23 of the 27 seasons. None of the other three groupings was as much as one-third of the total in any season. In view of the uncertainty of fruit prices in the future and prospects of continued high costs of labor, power, equipment, fertilizer, spray and dust, production practices should be studied to increase grove efficiency and hold down production costs consistent with high yields, good fruit quality, maintenance of trees in good condition and prospective income from fruit. In putting this into effect, groves must receive individual consideration and treatment for highest efficiency. Citrus irrigation practices materially increa s ed in recent seasons. Irri gation is a costly o peration and should be used to best advantage. Some groves seldom if ever respond sufficiently to irrigation for it to pay. This is a grove operation that needs to be timed and applied according to the needs of the individual grove. The 1949-50 season was the second in the past nine seasons when irrigated groves failed to produce higher yields
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Annual Report, 1952 23 than non-irrigated. The average for these seasons was 22 boxes higher in irrigated groves. Costs on irrigated groves were higher and returns above operating costs averaged $15, or 4 percent, more per acre on the non-irrigated groves over the nine seasons of 1941-50. The 22 extra boxes of fruit did not pay irrigation costs and other expenses on irrigated groves. Florida citrus production is increasing rapidly and nursery stock move ment indicates continued increases. This production increase has affected the form of the product placed on the market, reducing the proportion marketed fresh. World production of oranges, tangerines and grapefruit reached an all-time high in 1950. Exports of these three kinds of citrus in fresh form exceeded pre-war for the first time in 1950. Successful growers consider the grove record as one of the most valuable pieces of equipment they possess and keep it in use regardless of current prices. Record books, like other equipment, should be used consistently for highest grove efficiency. Printed citrus grove record books, accompanied by a form letter, were sent cooperating growers in September. Record books sent to new coop erators during the year were accompanied by additional instructions in mimeograph form. Individual grove reports were typed. Prepared forms were used, on which data of the individual grove were typed. Eight different publications, form letters and blank forms were issued, representing 5,675 copies, or a total of 38,675 pages of material. MARKETING E. W. Cake, Acting Extension Economist in Marketing The new Extension Marketing Specialist began work on March 1. Con siderable time was devoted in the first few months to getting acquainted with peo'ple, and problems and developing plans. Due to absence of an other Economist, the Specialist worked on some projects outside the field of marketing. _ Citrus.-The Economist assisted other Specialists in conducting the Citrus Institute at Camp McQuarrie, with discussions on citrus marketing problems. The Specialist helped two county agents arrange meetings of citrus packinghouse men by giving lectures on proper handling of citrus at shipping point. He visited packinghouses to demonstrate proper handling of fruit and drew up charter and by-laws for one new citrus marketing cooperative. Members were helped to plan a marketing program. He prepared and gave several talks at meetings and radio talks on marketing of Florida citrus and the outlook for citrus and served on Extension Citrus Advisory Committee. Truck Crops.-The Economists helped conduct a brief study of vegetable marketing problems in various sections of the state. Considerable in formation was gathered and recommendations for improvements are being drawn up as a result. Help was given to county agents in solving specific vegetable marketing problems in their counties. County Agents and railroad representatives helped the Economist plan and conduct a Watermelon Loading School at Trenton and Bell, Florida. 3 Appointed March 1, 1952.
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24 Florida Cooperative Extension The Specialist conducted a survey of vegetable marketing cooperatives in the state to find out names, locations, products and volume handled, spoke at several vegetable grower meetings on outlook and marketing of vegetables and as a member of Extension Vegetable Advisory Committee, helped that group plan and conduct a two-day vegetable marketing con ference at University. Poultry and Eggs.-County agents were helped in making a brief study of poultry and egg marketing problems in the west coast area of Florida around Tampa. Preliminary reports on findings and recommendations were prepared. The Economist attended one statewide and three local poultry pro ducers meetings and gave talks on outlook and marketing of poultry and eggs. He also visited and worked with three egg marketing cooperatives. Beef Cattle.-An investigation of livestock management and marketing problems was made and a set of recommendations for use at a school for cattlemen in Orange and Lake counties was developed. The Specialist gave three talks at meetings of local cattlemen's asso ciations and one radio talk on beef cattle outlook, management and marketing. Dairy.-As Secretary of the State Federation of Dairy Herd Improvemerit Associations, the Economist attended several meetings to assist in working up a set of by-laws and a set of recommendations for local asso ciations. He worked with two county agents in trying to secure better milk outlets for their dairymen, attended several meetings of dairymen and gave talks on outlook, management and marketing of dairy products. Other Marketing Activities.-The Economist worked with the County Agent in Gulf County on a honey marketing project and proposed packing plant, and taught principles of cooperation to 4-H boys at summer camps. He served as Secretary of the Florida Council of Farmer Cooperatives, which involved attendance at numerous meetings, writing letters, drawing up proceedings of annual meeting and assisting the member cooperatives of the Council. He worked up details, regulations and score cards for a 4-H Club Cooperative Activity Contest being sponsored by Florida Council of Farmer Cooperatives and drew up charters and by-laws for a lychee growers association and a local _ fair association.
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Annual Report, 1952 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND FARM ELECTRIFICATION 25 The Extension agricultural engineering 'program emphasizes farm build ing s, farm housing, electrification, farm machinery, supp l emental irrigat i on and farm drainage. County and home demonstration agents reported assisting 40,067 farmers and fa1m fami li es in various phases of the engineering program during the year. An estimated 9,500 farmers were a s i stecl by agents with farm proces ing facilities n ecessary to mechanica ll y dry hay, feed and seed, cure tobacco and treat fence posts and lumber. AG RI CULTURAL E GI EERING John M. Johnson, Agricultural Engineer Far m Str u ct ur es.-The Engineering Specialist, assisted by two part-time tudent draftsmen, conducted the three-pha e farm struct ur es 'program, which includes farm service buildings, farm housing and the Florida Farm Building Plan Service. This program reached 10 percent more farm fami l es this year than last. County and home demonstration agents s 1 ent 2,753 days assisting 27,095 farm families in all phases of farm struct ure s . One thousand and twenty-eight volunteer local lead ers working in 1,225 com munities assisted in the prngram. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FARM BUILDING ACTIVITIES ALL EXTENSION AGENTS FARMERS ASSISTED IN ALL FARM BUILDING PROBLEMS Vi ual aids were stressed in training agent and local leaders and in promotional work designed to interest farmers in making needed changes. The Specalist continued to improve and increase the number and type of visual aids. Visual aids now on hand include five larg e co l ored
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26 Flo1ida Coop e rati ve E x tension chart s , four large blueprints, six posters and 19 scale model s of farm buildi n gs . The models, built to a " = 1'-0" scale, are constructed from plans made available to farmers th1 '0 ug-h the P l an Service. These aid s were used in seven training chools attended by 350 agents and lo c al leaders. In add i tion the mode l s a n d charts are excellent for disp l ay s and exhibits. The model s were viewed by an estimated 201,050 rural peop l e whi l e exhibited at four major co u nty fairs and two Extension farm institutes. Models added this year include a pole-type construction cattl e feeding barn, creep feeder for calv e s, automatic grain feeder, portable feed tro u gh, portab l e three-compartment mineral box and tobacco barn. In addition a full scale foot trimming stock wa s designed and constru c ted by the Speciali s t for u s e in clas and field day activitie s by the Animal Husbandry Departme n t. T h e number of farmer s and farm families assisted by all coun t y agents wit h various problems are s h own in the following table: F a r m Ho u s i n g a n d R e la te d S ub jects W hit e Negr o Dwe lli ng construction .......................................... 862 210 Dwe lli ng remodeling ........ .. .................................. 1,946 425 Improving k i tchens, storage space and l a u nd r y rooms a n d room arrangement ...... .. 9,093 1,388 I nstalling water sy s tem s .................................. .. 747 227 Installing heat i ng system s ............................... . 502 16 9 Insta lli ng sewage systems .............................. .. 673 90 In talling san i tary privies ............................... . 368 122 Installi n g scree n ing ............................................ .. 4,676 601 F ar m B u il din gs W h ite r eg ro Construction of new farm bu i ldings ............... . 736 9 3 Remode l ing or repairing farm buildings .... .. .. .. 708 129 Se l ection or constr u ction of farmb u i l ding equ i pment .. .. .... .. ............................ .. 549 63 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION HOUSING ACTIVITIES ALL EXTENSION AGEN T S 1947 1951 AVERAGE -= 1952 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 NUMBER OF F A RM F AMILI E S ASSIS T ED IN A LL HOUS IN G P R OBLEMS Tota l 1,072 2,371 10,481 974 671 763 490 5,277 T o ta l 829 837 612 30000
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Annual R eport, 1952 27 The Flor i da Farm B u ild in g Plan Service, cond u cte d i n cooperat i o n with t h e US D A R egiona l P l an Se r v i ce Exc h ange, i an i m portant function of the str u ctures program . The Specialist met with 15 groups interested in special bui l d i ngs, including livestock show buildings, ex h ibit bu il dings for county fau:s, county 4 H Club buildings and rural community club h ouses. Specia l p l ans for building which will cost over $96,0 0 0 were furn i s h ed for 11 of t h ese groups. In addition to 12 special p l ans prepared for i ndi vidual farmers, 16 new plans wit h working drawi n gs were deve l oped for in clusion as standard plans in the Pl an Service. This year 5,681 sheets of dwelling and farm bu il ding p l ans were ma il ed in answer to written requests . Two one page l eaflets, o n e fe a turing plans for a pig farrow in g pen and the other a creep feeder for ca l ves, were prepared . T hree thousa n d six h undred of t h ese circ ula rs were dis tributed from bulletin racks in county offices. The Speciali st served on the Southern States Plan Service Committee, the Farm Structures Steering Committee, Southeastern Section of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, a chairman of the new 4-H Camp Building Committee, and Secretary of the Agriculturnl College Building Committee. Fa rm M a c hin e r y . -Farmers add more and more mechanical equipmen t annua ll y to reduce l abor costs, increase production through increased acrage and reduce drudgery often a soc iated with farm work. Agents spent 415 days assisting 4,901 farmers in 438 communities wit h farm machinery problems. They were h e lped by 171 volunteer local leaders. The Specialist spent 42 days making farm visits, holding demonstrations and training sc hool s and co nductin g the 4-H tractor maintenance project. There were 226 4-H Club boys from 11 counties enrolled in tractor maintenance projects. Seventy-eight percent completed their project and sumb i tted recoTds for county awards. The 4 -H boys conducted 76 demon strations at fairs and farmer m ee ting s . AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACT I VIT I ES IN FARM MECHANIZATION 3500 ALL EXTENSION AGENTS 4000 4500 5000 FARMERS ASSISTED IN ALL MECHANIZATION PROBLEMS 5500 6000
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28 Florida Coop e rative Extension The Specialist cooperated with farm equipment dealers in conducting 87 machinery demonstrations for field days, youth fairs, achievement days, farmer gatherings, farm and home institutes and foreign visitors. An estimated 315,000 people inspected , observed or oper a ted machinery us e d in demonstrations this year. Hay making, land clearing and vegetable harvesting machinery were the mo s t used type s of equipment in demon strations. The Agricultural Engineer cooperated in the Clay County Land Clearing Demonstration. Through the coo"peration of two machinery manufacturers the Clay County Agent conduct e d a demonstration covering three ph a ses of pasture preparation-clearing, seedbed preparation and fertilizing and seeding. County agents assisted 2,018 farmers with land clearing problem s this year . . The Exten s ion Engineer assisted farmers in making new development s in machinery. Possibly the most noteworthy was a tractor-mounted device transporting four persons through a tobacco field for cropping leaves. This machine may be a major step in mechanization of tobacco farmin g. The Specialist served on the National Committee on 4-H Tractor Mainte nanc e Literature. The numbers of farm e rs assisted by agents with farm machinery prob lem s and activities are shown in the following table: White Selection of mechanical equipment ___ _ ___ ___ ______ 1,170 Better use of mechanical equipment --------1,872 Maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment -----------------------------------1,610 Volunteer local leaders trained in 4-H tractor maintenance -------------29 Negro 51 74 119 0 Total 1,221 1,946 1,729 29 Farm Processing Facilities.-With rapid develo"pment of the cattle industry, artificial drying of hay, grain and seed has become extrem e ly important to far~ers and ranchers of Florida. The standard plan d e veloped by the Specialist for a hay drier is called the Florida Combination Crop Drier becau s e it will s atisfactorily dry grain and seed as well as hay. This plan is recommended for farm use only and over 20 were constructed this year. The slanted floor seed drier developed by th e Specialist is recommended for commercial or large seed producers. Six of these were completed this year and two are under con s truction. A scale model of the hay drier was used at nine group meetings attended by 750 farmers. Twenty-three days were spent providing on-the-spot assistance for 37 farmers in dryin g problems. Four driers were handled as special problems and special building plans were provided. The largest of these, a hay drier with two 40 ' x 40' drying floors, was built at the State Pri s on Farm. Eight hundred tons of hay were dried on this installation the first year. Irrigation and Drainage.-These two phases of farming ar e limited to personal service work. The Specialist spent 12 days in the field on irriga tion problems and nine days on drainage problems. Irrigation was discussed at five meetings attended by 350 farmers. Two irrigation systems were designed as result demonstrations. The agents assi s t e d 2,241 farmers with drainage problems and 1,426 farmers with irrigation problems.
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Annual R ep ort, 1952 FA R M ELECT RI FICAT IO N A . M. Pettis, Assistant Agricultura l Engineer and Farm Electrification Specialist 29 Th e farm e l ectrificatio n program i carried out through county Extension workers, in cooperation with power s upplier s. Pro p er "\-V i ri n g . Promotion of proper w i ri n g i the basis of a so und , effective farm electrification program and this Spec i alist devoted con sidera ble effort to this activity. A wiring panel containing two co il s of d i fferent size wire was u sed to show ill effects of ove r-l oade d wiring. Toa ters, fa n s and lights of identical s i zes were used on t h e two co il s si mul taneous l y to show differences in operation with poor and with good w1r mg . Thi s panel was also u se d to s ho w t h e safe, proper u se of fuses and circuit breakers. Extension circ ula r 93, Planning Farm W irin g, previo u s l y prepared by t hi s Spec iali st, wa s u sed , along wit h US D A bu ll et in s and com m erc ia l bul letins in t he promot i on of t hi s activity. Proper Lighting. -Promotion of proper lighting has been accompli s hed by t h e Farm Electrification Specialist through u e of new artic l es, radio talks , training meetings, 4 H demonstration , per onal help and printed mater i a l. The Specia li st h e l ped county Extension workers assist and encourage many rural peop l e to improve the ir lighting. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES I N FARM ELECTR I FICATION ALL EXTENSION AGENTS TOTAL NUMBER OF FARM FAMILIES ASSISTED IN FARM ELECTRIFICATION 8000 Fa rm E l ect rical Eq u i pm e n t. -Electr i c i rrigat i on was investigated a nd promoted through a ll informational c h a nnel s . Exten s i o n C ir c ular 110 , Electric Pig B roo d ers, was prepared in cooperation wit h t he Animal Hu ban d ry Specialist. Electric p i g brooder s were constr u cted and u se d to teac h farm leader s and farmers. USDA bulletin s about other farm equip
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30 Florida Cooperative Extension ment, such as water systems, home-made equipment, motors and motor tables, have been distributed to farm leaders. Home Electrical Equipment.-Training meetings with Extension agents and representatives of home demonstration clubs were held to teach them about the selection, care and proper use of home electrical equipment. 4-H Electric Program . -The Specialist prepared book No. 2 on "Elec tricity Made Easy" to supplement previously prepared Book No. 1. He also loaned demonstration equipment to county Extension workers and 4-H mem bers. These teaching aids have been used to inform adults and encourage and assist 4-H members enrolled in electric projects. The Farm Electrification Specialist instructed 405 4-H members at Boys' Short Course, two 4-H camps and a school on honey and electricity. Assi s tance was given to 59 county Extension worker s in promoting the 4-H electric program. The Florida REA Cooperatives Association aided this 4-H program with publicity, person a l assistance and $100 for four supple mentary awards. In 195 2 183 4-H members enrolled in and 128 completed electric projects. In addition to five major awards, 40 gold medals were awarded for outstanding work. Power Supplier Cooperation.-At present 45,107 Florida farms ; or about 79.2 percent of the farms in the state, receive electric service. These farm s are served by 15 rural electric co-op s , four major power compani e s and several minor power companies and municipalities. The Speciali s t assisted in informing consumers about safe, economical use of electricity. Through his efforts 4-H members gave el e ctric demonstrations at about half of the electric co-op annual meetings this year. Rural Telephones.-This Specialist advised and counseled with farm groups desiring telephone service. Whenever outside as s istance was needed he obtained the cooperation of field representatives of the Rural Electri fication Administration. That organization has made five telephone loans in Florida to increase rural telephones. Cocrdination of County Work.-The writer tried to improve public relations and helped coordinate the work of the Extension S e rvice with other farm groups, particularly el e ctric cooperatives. He encouraged Extension personnel to attend and participate in el e ctric co-op annual meetings and urged electric co-ops to send these farm leaders co'pies of their monthly publications. Training Program.-The Farm Electrification Specialist assisted in training local leaders, co--op electrification advisers, county Extension workers, junior leaders and home demonstration council representatives. In cooperation with Rural Electrification Administration representatives and rural electric co-ops, he assisted with planning and teaching schools for electrification advisers on laundry equipment, small appliances and irrigation. In cooperation with the Extension Apiculturist , a school was held at one of the 4-H Camps to give 4-H boys practical experience in the fundamentals of electricity and beekeeping. Publicity.-The Specialist prepared monthly articles on electric sub jects for the Extension Editor, who channeled them to 'publications ov e r the state. He sent articles regularly to electric co-ops for use in their news publications. Feature articles by the Specialist were carried by a national rural electrification magazine, a manufacturer's monthly bulletin and Florida farm magazines. In addition, radio talks and tape recordings were made for use over the state.
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Annual Report, 195 2 31 Additional Help.-The Farm Electrification Specialist gave 97 talks and demonstrations to about 6 , 000 farmers, 4-H members, farm leaders and other s . Numerous inquiries were answered and many USDA , state and commercial bulletins were di s tributed. In 1952 county Extension worker s assisted farm people as follows: Number of familie s assisted: To obtain el e ctricity . . . .. . .. .. ... ... .. . . ..... .. . ..... .... .. . . . . . In using electrical e quipm e nt in hom e .'. ......... . In using electrical equipment on farm ..... : . .... . In obtaining telephon e s . . .. . ...... . ..... ... ... . .. . .... . .... . .. . White 776 3,894 967 980 Negro 197 208 36 80 Total 973 4,102 1,003 1,060
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32 Florida Cooperative Extension AGRONOMY J. R. Henderson, Extension Agronomist Major activities of the Agronomist were directed toward: (1) bring ing information on all phases of field crop, pasture and turf production to the attention of county agents, seed producers, seed, fertilizer and pesticide dealers, farmers and other interested persons; (2) assisting county agents in the development and execution of county programs of work in agronomy; and (3) distributing foundation seed of major field crops as , released by Ex ' periment Stations to qualified seed producers. Meetings.-Meetings and conferences were the major educational de vices used for disseminating information among county agents, industry groups and farmers. At the annual conference for Extension workers the Agronomist re viewed research information on field crops and pastures, discussed desirable changes in production recommendations and outlined desirable activities for the 1953 crop year, particularly from the standpoint of needed result demonstrations. The Agronomist planned and conducted two area meetings for seed, fertilizer and pesticide dealers, assisted in planning and conducting a seeds men's school, acted as moderator of a panel at the annual meeting of the Florida Seed Producers Association and was a panel member at the Florida Seedsmen's Association meeting in June. At these meetings research information and Extension recommendations on varieties, fertilization and pest control were presented and discussed. Farmer meetings were held in 22 counties in the general farming area at which information on outlook, ' price supports, marketing quotas and conservation payments and recommendations for production and manage ment of pasture and field crops were presented. The Agronomist planned and conducted the program for the second annual Central Florida Lawn and Turf Institute. In addition, publications, circular letters, radio talks and personal correspondence were used in supplying information on soils, field crops and pastures to interested groups and individuals. Projects with pastures and some of the major field crops received special attention. Permanent Pastures.-Activities during the year were designed to secure establishments of more pastures and improvement of the carrying capacities of established 'pastures. In addition to furnishing county agents with pro duction recommendations and outlines for desirable variety, fertilization and irrigation demonstrations, the Agronomist assisted with meetings and tours. Records show that more than 200,000 acres of pasture were es tablished in 1951 and indications are that almost as many acres were planted in 1952. Temporary Grazing Crops.-The Agronomist accepted applications and otherwise assisted with distribution of foundation seed of Floriland and Southland oats. Approximately 2,100 bushels of Floriland and 1,300 bushels of Southland were distributed among 75 seed producers. Corn.-Improvement of corn yields through use of seed of adapted hy brids, appJication of fertilizers at heavier than usual rates and proper spacing of plants was emphasized. Production projects with 4-H Club members and contests among adults were used to demonstrate the soundness 0f reconmmended practices. Hybrid seed, mostly Dixie 18, was used by
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Annual Report, 1952 , 33 all 4-H Club members and for slightly more than h a lf of the acreage p lant ed to field corn in Florida in 1 952. In spite of unusually dry weather during the growing season, severa l 4H Club members produced more than 75 bushels per acre and the 'ave rage yield for the state was on l y bushel below the 1951 r ecord of 16 bushels per acre. Corn activities for the year were climaxed with the State 4-H Corn Show at Tallahassee in October. The Agronomist assisted seed producers in securing foundation single cross seed for plantin g more than 600 acres of yellow hybrid Dixie 18 for seed production. Peanuts.-The further development of supplies of certified Dixie Runner seed was stressed. Approximately 12 tons of shelled fot1ndation seed, produced at the Experiment Stations, were distributed among 18 growers in eight counties. Flue-Cured Tobacco.-Extension recommendations for control of weeds, nematodes, in sects and diseases and for correlation of soil type, fertilization and spacing were emphasized at proper times dur ing the growing season . Records of the Prod uction and Marketing Administration show that the average yie ld in 1952 was 1,147 pounds per acre-the second highe s t yield on record. Reports from county agents show that they spent 5,857 days on field crops and pastures. A breakdown of this activity follows: Other LegPa sCorn Cereals umes tures Obtaining improved varieties or strains of seed 5,550 2,386 4,964 5,812 The use of lime ... ..... . ... 100 162 2,604 5,585 The use of fertilizers .. 7,364 2 ,365 4,075 8,388 Controlling of plant diseases ......... . 626 639 1,199 559 Controlling injurious insects -4,727 612 1,455 2,180 Controlling noxious weeds ----------------600 22 926 2,863 Controlling rodents and other animals .. .. 2,619 185 245 407 County agents' reports on 4-H Club projects with field following: Number of Members Enrolled 1,751 Corn . ................ . . . ...... .... ....... . Other cereals ..... .... ..... . ........ . Peanuts ........ . ............ . ...... .. . . Soybeans, field peas, al falfa and other legumes .. Cotton . . . ....... . .... .. ...... ... ..... .. . . . Toba cco . . ... .. ..... .. ............. . .... . . Other cro ' ps (including pasture) ... .. ...... ........... ... . 69 580 354 334 110 421 Number of Members Completing 1,304 57 460 325 288 160 313 CotToton bacco 1,0 36 1 ,741 76 150 1,191 2,592 138 3,388 739 3,504 186 2,009 5 151 crops show the Number of Acres In volved in Completed Projects 3,015 174 1,232 920 487 92 2,064
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34 Flo ri da Cooperati ve E x t ensi on AN I MAL H US B AN DR Y Oliv er F. Goen, Animal Indu str iali st Jame s E. Pace, A ss istant Animal Industrialist B ee f cattle and sw in e co ntinu e d to serve a s important s ource s of far m in co m e in Florida. From January 1, 1951, to Januar y 1, 1952, beef c attl e number s increa se d from 1,095,000 to 1 ,25 0,000 head and ther e was increased int erest in marketing co ncentrat e feeds through b eef catt l e . This wa s due to in creased corn production, avai l ability of c itru s by-pro du ct feeds, plu s in creased demand for fed beef. Howev e r, primary e mphasi s in the field of beef 'pr o duction in Florida was st ill gras s -pro duced beef. Th e number of sw in e and gross i ncome from sw in e on Florida farm s re ma i ned rat h er constant . The quality of market ho gs improv e d , s inc e m ore farmers u ed corn rather t han peanuts in sw in e fa tte nin g rat i o n s and fo ll owed proper fee ding and san itation practices. Fl o rida i s st ill a d e fi ::! it pork-producing area, producing approxim a t e ly 60 perce n t of the pork co n s um e d wit hin the state. 1 B eg innin g February 1, 19 52. F i g . 3.F ee d er calf s al es are now importa nt F l or ida liv estoc k event s .
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Annual Report, 1952 35 4-H Club Activities.-Encouraging increased interest in livestock proJects among 4-H Club members was one of the principal interests of the Animal Husbandmen. During the year a commercial calf project was initiated. More than 300 grass-fed steers will be sold in a feeder steer sale in the fall of 1953. The third annual 4-H Fat Barrow Show and Sale was held in Tallahassee and the quality of barrows exhibited showed a definite improvement over those exhibited in 'previous years. The Tampa Morning Tribune sponsored the state cham•pion 4-H live stock judging team's trip to the National Junior Livestock Judging Con test in Chicago. The team tied for sixth place with 29 teams competing. The following table summarizes the 4-H livestock program for the year: Boys Enrolled Beef Cattle ... . ..... . ...... 1,016 Swine .... . ..................... 1,406 Horses & mules .......... 24 Sheep ... . ..... . . . ...... .. .... .. 62 Other Livestock ........ . . 86 Girls EnNo. Boys rolled Completing 221 763 73 1,042 19 2 45 24 52 No. Girls Completing 170 50 2 2 13 Units Involved 1,925 3,238 47 47 115 Other Activities.-The Animal Husbandmen s pent 216 days in the field working primarily with county agents . They talked to 15 cattlemen's associations, 12 other farmer . groups, judged 15 livestock shows and attended 10 fairs and nine pasture tours and field days. GOAL AND RESULTS Results 1951 Cattlemen to secure purebred bulls .. . ..... 839 Cattlemen to secure purebred or high grade heifers . .. ................................ .. ..... 786 Cattlemen to control external parasites .. 5,102 Cattlemen to control internal parasites and diseases ....... . .. .. .. . ........ . ...... . ........ . .... 3,405 Cattlemen to improve methods of feeding ... . ..................... . ........... .. . . ..... .. ... . 2,905 Farmers assisted in securing purebred boars . . ...... . ............ . ............. . ............. . ..... . 683 Farmers assisted in securing purebred or high grade gilts . .. .. . . .... . ........... .. ..... . . 648 Farmers assisted in controlling external parasites in hogs . . . .. .... . .... .. ........ . ... .. ..... . 4 , 212 Farmers assisted in controlling internal parasites and diseases .............. . .. ... . . .... 6,505 Farmers improving methods of feeding hogs .. . .............................................. . ...... 3,090 Controlling predatory animals ... . . .. ... .. ..... . 52 Number of families assisted this year in improving food supply by making changes in home food production: (1) of meats ...... . ...... . ...... . ...... . ..... . (2) home butchering, meat cutting or curing ........... . Goals 1952 800 1,200 5,000 3,500 3 , 000 1,000 1,500 6,500 6,500 4,000 Results Goals 1952 1953 677 800 951 1,100 4,572 5,000 3,346 3,500 3,215 3,500 578 1,000 821 1,500 3,983 6,500 5,446 6,500 3,224 4,000 94 4,101 2,005
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36 Florida Cooperative E x tension APICULTURE John D. Haynie, Extension Apiculturist Beekeepin g netted apiary operators good r eturns in 1952 . Some hon ey crops were carried over from 1951 to 1952, but it is expected that there will be very littl e of the 1952 crop on hand after January 1, 1953. Honey production was generally good, except in some pa lm etto and gallberry location s, with the tupelo section 'producing about half a normal cro p. Citrus produced a bumper crop of unusually good, h eavy-bodied honey. The Apiculturist's program is conducted in cooperation with the Flor ida State Beekeepers A ssoc iation, the Florida State Fair and district beekeepers a ssociat ions. He assisted presidents of district beekeepers' associations with program for monthly meetings. The Apiculturist served as chairman of t he program committee for the annual two-day beekeepers' meeting and helped bring speci alists in beekeeping, marketing, botany, nutrition and other research workers in related field before honey producers. The Apicu l turist used state and county meetings to give beekeeper s new recommendation s in beekeeping and provide them with information on programs in 'production and marketing. Fig . 4.-The Apiculturist demonstrates honey jelly to a meeting of beekeepers .
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Annual Report, 1952 37 Fforida State Fair.-Eight beekeepers' exhibits were shown at the Flor ida State Fair and eight 4-H Club members exhibited small lots of honey. The Ladies Auxiliary of the Tampa Bay Beekeepers' Association exhibited over 100 entries of foods cooked with honey. Cooperation with Staff Members.-The Apiculturist cooperated with the Extension Agronomist and the State Road Department Maintenance Di vision in establishing experimental 'plots of Hubam clover as a safeguard against roadbed erosion. Bees were established in the experimental plots to assure proper re-seeding of Hubam for further trials. About 180 pounds of honey were produced on these roadside strips. A tupelo nursery was established in cooperation with a county agent and the Extension Forester, to replace trees that have been cut for lumber. A two-day short course on beekeeping and electrical wiring was con ducted with the Farm Electrification Specialist, the Assistant Lake County Agents and 15 4-H Club boys. 4-H Club Work.-Beekeeping was taught at three 4-H club camps and the third camp apiary was established. One course on beekeeping was taught to 500 4-H Club boys attending summer short course. Talks and visual aids were presented at 23 4-H Club meetings and 15 4-H club apiary demonstrations were conducted. The Specialist lectured to 170 children in elementary schools on beekee'ping. Further Work on Honey Jelly.-The Apiculturist carried out further investigations on effects of different pectins and acids in making jellies from different varieties of Florida honey. The honey jelly process was demonstrated at district bee meetings and to jelly manufacturers. (Fig. 4). Field Program Testing Hives.-Four different groups of colonies each containing five hives are being studied in the tupelo section of Gulf County. Yields from each group will . be tabulated and results evaluated at the end of three years . . . Field Teaching Aids.-The "Low Cost Beehive" circular was distributed at district bee and 4-H club meetings, 10 newsletters were sent 470 bee keepers and Extension workers on seasonal management, improved practices and value of honey in the daily diet and beekeeping and 'pollination exhibits were presented at six county fairs. Demonstration 4-H club apiaries are located in 16 counties. The Apiculturist visited 98 county agents and assistant county agents and seven home demonstration agents. Personal service letters were written to 597 Extension agents and beekeepers.
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38 Florida Cooperative E x tension BOYS ' 4-H CLUB WORK W. W . Brown, State Boys' 4-H Club Agent O11e county Extensi-0n agent gave part-time as istance to the 4-H Club program in the s outhern part of the state. The organizationa l plan of 10 4-H C lu b districts throughout Florida was contin u ed. Following the annual statewide meeting an agents' mee~ ing was held in each of the 10 districts. These meetings were held during D ece mber and seve ral new programs were 'placed in operation as >i resu lt. In 1952 partic i pation in judging contests, livest oc k and poultry shows, in giving method demonstration s and in the awards program incr eased s ubstantially. Enrollment in boys' 4-H Clubs increased from 12,304 mem ber s to 12,409 and the number of member s complet ing projects jumped from 8,560 to 9,102 . This represents 73 . 3 percent com ' pletions for Florida 4 -H boys in 1952, a substantial increase over 1951. In 1951 F l orida boys carried 18,258 projects and completed 12,937. In 1952 they carr i ed 18,044 projects and completed 13,425. Fig. 5.-The State Council a ssis ts Extension w-0rkers in planningand directing boys ' 4-H Club work. Officer s shown here, left t o right, are Julian Webb, secretary; Roy Heathcoe, treasurer; George Montague, pres id e nt; Steve Hudson, vi ce -president; and Steve Simmons, reporter.
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Annual Report, 1952 39 A few of the activities helping to build the 4-H program include 285 leader training meetings, 171 demonstration teams, 216 judging contests, two short courses, 2 , 219 boys at summer camps, 76 achievement days, 244 4-H tours and 2,100 recreational and social meetings. An increase in the number of acres under cultivation and number of animals raised by 4-H Club members was registered during 1952. 4-H Camps.-Five 4-H Club camps are now in operation in the state. During 1952 36 weeks of camps were held at white 4-H camps and seven weeks at negro camps. Approximately 3,500 4-H members attended camps during the summer. In addition, four in s titutes--citrus and poultry in stitutes at McQuarrie and farm and home institutes at Timpoochee and Cherry Lake-were held. These institutes were attended by parents, farmers and others throughout the state. Short Course.-Annual 4-H Short Course was held for the 33rd time with 339 members in attendance from 52 counties. The Short Course brings outstanding 4-H Club members from many counties to the University of Florida for one week of training and inspiration. The State Council of Boys' 4-H Club Work held its annual meeting and elected officers (Fig. 5) during Short Course. This group, composed of representatives of all counties having county council s , materially assists in setting policies for boys' 4-H Club work. During the 1952 Short Course three statewide 4-H Club events were staged, including the State 4-H Dairy Judging Contest, 4-H Tractor Op erators Contest and 4-H Public Speaking Contest. The winning state dairy judging team and high scoring state tractor driver operator repre sented Florida at regional and national events during the fall of th e year. Special Events.-There were 26 state awards available for 4-H members during 1952. They included free trips to the National 4-H Club Congress, gold watche s , scholarships, cash awards, trophies and county medals. The trip to the National 4-H Camp in Washington is considered the outstanding 4-H award and two boys and two girls make this trip annually. A third boy is selected to attend the Danforth Leadership Camp in Shelby, Michigan, each year. An outstanding boy and girl from each county are selected annually to receive a certificate at the Florida State Fair on 4-H Club Day. A Dairy Efficiency Contest is held to select the be s t dairy club boy in each of the 10 4-H Club districts. Each district winner receives a cash award and the best state dairy project winner receives a lar g e plaque. Th e outstanding county in the state in dairy 4-H work i s selected and given a lar g e plaque. The State Agent analyzed and summarized information on awards from all over the state in order that each agent and each 4-H Club district could measure progress . Teaching Methods.-The u s e of exhibits and shows was stre s sed through out the year. Club members performed many result demonstrations under supervision of county Exten s ion workers and state s pecialists. Th e u s e of method demonstrations was encouraged at every opportunity and more than 20 teams, representing various counties, present e d method demonstrations at the State Fair in Tampa. Negrc 4-H Work.-The State Agent exerted more effort and time during 1952 toward stimulating and assisting negro county Extension personnel to more effectively carry forward their 4-H program. The negro 4-H Club program is carried on by negro Extension agents. Negro district agents supervise the county workers. The State 4 H Club Office made subject matter materials available for negro work and assisted
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40 Florida Cooperative Extension with officers-leaders schools and other 'phases of the negro 4-H program. This office also made record books, record cards and information on 4-H Club work available to negro county workers and worked with negro groups in staging shows, judging contests and building exhibits for county and state fairs. The State Office hired camp personnel, helped plan camp pro grams, and worked with Negro District Agents in planning short course and Extension conferences. The negro awards program was established and acce pted by Florida for the first time in 1952. A wards were offered and winners were selected in field crops, health, garden, meat animal, poultry, achievement and farm and home safety. The State 4-H Club Office assisted in soliciting expense money for eight negro 4-H members selected for the Regional Camp award.
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Annual Report, 1952 41 CITRUS CULTURE Fred P. Lawrence, Cit~iculturist Florida now has 529,200 acres of citrus groves, 62,000 of which , are classed as young, non-bearing trees that are coming into production at the rate of 12,000 to 15,000 acres per year. The 1951-52 season broke all previous production records with 119,100,000 boxes of citrus produced. In the la st 15 years total production has increased by 78,000,0 00 boxes. Pricewise, t h e 1951-52 season was one of the poorest in recent years . An estimated net profit of only $31,290,000, or 27 per box afte1 all production and marketing costs were deducted, was received. This com pare very unfavorably with the $86,129,000, or 82 per box, for the 1950-51 season. The average net return from the 10-year period 1941-51 was $75,420,000, or 93 per box. Production costs have gone up an average of 10 and pick in g, packing, hauling and selling 39 per box in the last 10 years. Increased volume per tree and per acre has kept the average cost of production per box from advancing higher . By better productio n method , production in this period has rise n from 316 to 370 boxes per acre . This increase has kept many growers' h eads above water . Training Program. -T h e C itricul turist stressed the va lu e of a nd need for better trained agents and a better organized program to get technical advise and information to grower . The third annual two-day citrus training school for county agents was held at the USDA Horticultural Station, Orlando, Florida, this year. During the school various research workers gave current informat i on on diseases, nuitrition, o il pH and general grove management. At the ev e ning session agents heard a discussion on the fertilization program being used by a large cooperative organization. The following day agents visited demonstration and research plots in two counties . Fig. 6.-A 4-H Club boy shows a Burmese visitor how to bud citrus.
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42 Florida Cooperative Extension The Citriculturist took the initiative in arranging for a three-week summer course in citrus culture. This course, a special one which carried graduate credit, was open only to county agents and other qualified Uni versity personnel with a citrus background. The Citriculturist obtained current research information, analyzed it and gave it to county agents through four news letters, five mimeographed releases, personal visits and group meetings. Citrus Clinics.-At 10 clinics 3,700 growers were advised on individual citrus problems. These clinics were usually of one day's duration and growers came at their convenience, bringing specimens for diagnosis and for consultation and advice. Citrus Schools.-Two 18-week grower short courses on citrus were offered during the year, with 333 growers registered. The schools met for two hours one night each week. Each session was taught by either a member of the Extension Service, Experiment Station, College of Agri culture or a qualified industry person. The schools were very successful and others are being planned. Institutes.-Through four well planned institutes, 1,250 additional growers were contacted and given the lates~ research information in pro duction and marketing. These institutes varied in length from one to four days. Demonstrations and Tours.-All citrus producing counties now have a program of grower demonstrations. The demonstrations vary from those showing simple cultural practices to more complex ones involving fer tilizers, insect control and cultivation. Most citrus counties now hold at least one grower tour each year so those interested can observe and appraise the various demonstrations. Budwood Certification Program.-On November 12, 1952, an emergency state appropriation of $12,000 was approved which set in motion a citrus budwood certification program. The Agricultural Extension Service, other agencies and men from all branches of the citrus industry had been working for more than a year to form and activate a workable program to control bud-transmitted diseases of citrus trees. It will be some time yet before the program is in full operation, due to the time lag involved in registering nursery trees, which must be grown from budwood taken from a registered 'parent tree.
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Annual Report, 1952 43 DAIRY HUSBANDRY C. W. Reaves, Extension Dairy Husbandman The state dairy Extension program for 1952 included the dairy herd improvement association and official testing, breeding program for higher producing replacements, feeding and management, the home milk supply, 4-H dairy club work and cooperation with breed associations, dairy groups and other organizations. Dairy Herd Improvement.-The dairy herd improvement association program wa s carried out in 22 counties to assist members in feeding and management of their herd s. Results secured provided demonstration s of improved methods for other dairymen. Eight DHIA supervisors, trained in dairying, made monthly tests of herds, kept records, and advised with farmers in the use of records as guid es in feeding, breeding, culling and herd management. _ Result s secured by DHIA associations with state totals are giv e n below : YEARLY PER COW AVERAGES OF COWS IN DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS IN 1952 .... "' 0 u .:.: .... --= o:= "" .... QI ~;:!!1 ::I "' QI ~al --= 0 ,... . ;::!: 0 u QIU .... .... ,... QI .... QI i:i. "' --= QI E-< > ~00 ~.J Orange County .... .......... 1,714 7,310 4.4 322 $508 $237 $271 $2.14 $3.06 Duval ............. .. .. . .............. 1,520 6,719 4.6 313 467 21 3 254 2.20 2.88 W est Coast ...................... 720 6,474 4.5 293 496 231 265 2.15 3.31 Pioneer 987 6 ,3 79 4 . 5 290 433 207 226 2.09 3 . 00 South Forida .... .. . .. . . .... . .. . . 1, 38 9 6,215 4.3 270 407 184 223 2.21 2.82 Mana s ota ----340 5,730 4.5 256 411 191 220 2.15 3.12 North Florida -------------101 5,407 4.4 2 39 384 139 245 2.75 2.43 Jackson County ............ 270 4,894 4.7 232 299 162 137 1.85 2.97 State ---------7,041 6,554 4.5 292 453 210 243 2.16 3.00 Comparison of average 'production of DHIA herds with that of all milk cows in the state shows results of improv e d practices. Average of cows in DHIA herds . . . .. .......... . Average of all Floiida milk cows ..... . .... . . Increase of DHIA Cows . . . .. .. ....... . ... . .. ...... . Pounds Milk 6,554 4,350 Percent increase of DHIA cows .... .......... . 2,204 51 Percent Test 4.5 4.25 0 . 25 Pounds Butterfat 295 185 107 58 A State DHIA was organiz e d at the DHIA meeting held during the Dairy Field Day at the University on May 2, 1952. Purpos e of the organ ization is to make recomendations to local dairy herd improvement asso
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44 Florida Cooperative Extension ciations on business operations and to promote coordination of the work of local DHIA's. All members of local DHIA's are . members of the State DHIA. Official Cow Testing.-The Extension Dairyman is the state superin tendent of official cow testing, a program carried out in cooperation with national dairy breed associa'tions. Twenty herds are under Herd Improve ment Registry testing and 18 under Advance d Registry testing. Breeding Program for Higher Producing Dairy Cows.-Dairy herd im provem e nt association herds with records of production serve as sources of breeding stock for other herds. Data on the production of 24 Florida bulls were tabulated during 1952. The Chipola Artificial Breeding association was organized during 1952, with headquart e rs at Marianna. It will serve Jackson County and parts of adjoining counties. Sixteen artificial breeding ' groups, serving dairymen in 25 counti e s, bred 24,308 cows during 1952. County agents assisted 230 farmers in buying dairy bulls and 773 in obtaining purebred or high grade females . Increase in Number and Care of Calves.-Ap ' proximately 70,000 heifer calves have been raised in Florida during ea c h of the last two years. The Extension Service made available calf barn plans and information on use of portable calf pens for parasite control. Many farmers and club boys built individual pens and are following a good calf raising program. Feeding and Management.-Improved feeding and management methods were presented in dairy barn meetings, tours, regular meetings, radio talks, news items, personal contacts and replies to letters. The efficient dairy production project was carried out in 22 counti e s with DHIA work. Agents helped 244 farmers not in a DHIA in keeping records and 1,454 farmers with feeding problems for dairy cattle. A study was made to show the source of feed nutrients consumed by Florida dairy cows. An analysis of the feeding program of DHIA herds showed that 22 percent of the feed supply was provided by pasture and that DHIA herds secure a slightly higher percentage of feeds from pasture than the average Florida herd. It also indicated that a much larger percentage of the feed supply should be provided by pasture and hom e -grown feeds if Florida is to 'produce milk on a comparable basis with other states. County agent s assi s ted 2,711 dairymen and family cow owners to control external parasites and 2 , 747 farmers to control diseases and internal para sites of dairy cattle. Assistanc e was given through th e Experiment Station animal parasitologist to a number of farmers in the control of liver flukes. Cooperation was given the State Livestock Sanitary Board in tuberculosis, . brucellosi s and mastitis control programs. Home Milk Supply.-Aid was given farm families in providing and using adequate amounts of milk and dairy products for good nutrition by helping s e cure dairy animals, having h e alth tests made and giving training in the us e of milk. Agents assisted 4,468 families improve their food supply by the production or u s e of milk. 4-H Dairy Club Work.-A total of 1 , 384 boys and girls w e re enrolled in 4-H dairy project s . Of these, 1,12 ' 6 completed their projects involving 1,692 animals. Two state-wide 4-H conte s ts, based on the member's record of accompli s hments, were conducted. Six district . and one state 4-H shows and judging contests were held. Many demonstrations were prepared and . pre s ented by 4-H girls in the 4-H dairy foods demonstration project ;
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Fig. 7.-County and di str ict 4-H dairy s how s, 'preliminary to a state 4-H dair y s how at the Central Florida Exposition, increased interest in dairyin g.
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46 Florida Cooperative Extension Florida's National Champion 4-H Dairy Team Visits Europe.-Florida's 1951 national champion 4-H dairy cattle judging team made a trip to Europe as official representatives of the United States. The International Judging Contest at the British Royal Show was called off, however, due to outbreak of foot and mouth disease in England. The team was guest of the British National Federation of Young Farmers Club and of the British Ministry of Agriculture. Dairy herds and breed association headquarters were visited in Scotland, Holland and Jersey and Guernsey Islands. Ireland, Germany and France also were visited. Expenses for the trip were provided by contributions from the State of Florida, dairy cattle breed associations, milk-producer associations, individual firms and breeders and other friends of 4-H Club work. The Florida Dairy Industry Association conducted the campaign to raise funds. Cooperation with Other Organizations.-Close cooperation was main tained with the dairy cattle breed associations, Florida Dairy Industry Association, State Department of Agriculture, State Livestock Sanitary Board and other groups and agencies. COMPARISON OF 1951 AND 1952 RESULTS IN SPECIFIC PROJECTS 1951 Number dairy herd improvement associations .................... 7 Cows included in DHIA Annual Summary ........................ 6,134 Number bulls proved by DHIA records ................................ 10 Cows on Official test .................................................................. 1,071 Cows bred in Artificial breeding units ................................ 23,946 Number farmers assisted by agents in securing pure bred dairy bulls ........................................................................... . In securing purebred or high grade females ......... . Farmers receiving aid with feeding problems ................... . Farmers receiving aid on controlling external parasites ... . Farmers receiving aid on controlling diseases and internal 214 807 1,335 2,520 parasites ................................................................................ 2,960 1952 8 7,042 14 1,319 24,308 230 773 1,454 2,711 2,747
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Annual Report, 1952 47 FORESTRY L. T. Nieland, Extension Forester Fire Protection.-The Extension Forester has continued to devote much time and effort towards a solution of the state's forest fire problem. County agents, farmers, school teachers, 4-H Club members, garden clubs and others were furnished with bulletins and other printed materials, radio talks, 'pictures, films and other teaching aids helpful in teaching and understanding the damage caused by woods fires. County agents were assisted in organ izing educational programs in forest protection. The Extension Forester has continued to promote the establishment of improved pasture fire barriers around forested acres. In this way fire protection can be made to yield extra income through grazing while, at the same time, the woods are safe guarded. T , his approach offers three distinct advantages. It provides successful fire protection, requires no annual protection expenditures by landowner or public agencies and eliminates one of the principal reasons for woods burn ing, namely, burning off coarse wiregrass to improve early spring grazing. Plans were developed and promoted for closer coordination in forest fire prevention between the Extension Service and the State Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service, wood-using industries, forest experiment stations, State Chamber of Commerce and other 'public and private agencies. Other educational work in forest fire prevention consisted of preparing radio talks, news releases and circular letters and distributing bulletins, charts, pictures and films on forest protection. During 1952 county agents reported assisting 10,382 farmers in 48 counties in protecting woodlands from fire. Forest Planting.-Planning, coordinating and executing forest tree plant ing 'programs on farms occupied a large part of the Extension Forester's time during 1952. Close cooperation was given county agents, State Forest Service per s onnel, five Florida pulp mills and two lumber companies in distributing forest seedlings. During th e year county agents distributed 7,286,330 slash pine seedlings to 1,476 farmers and other small forest landowners in 49 of Florida's 67 counties. This exceeds, by more than 2 ' ,000,000, the number of pine seedlings distributed to farmers during any previous year. Red Cedar Plantings.-Red cedar seedlings have not been available from Forest Service nurseries. To meet growing demand by Florida farmers for cedar seedlings the Extension Forester developed a new method for ob taining quick germination of cedar seeds. Instructions for collecting, treating and planting the seeds were prepared and furnished to county agents and farmers. The Extension Forester collected 600,000 red cedar seeds which were distributed to farmers, 4-H club members, county agents, vocational agri culture teachers and the University of Florida School of For e stry. In structions were provided with the seeds on growing cedar nursery s tock and transplanting the seedlings. Some very successful cedar nurseries resulted from this effort. With assistance from the West Florida Experi ment Station at Jay, the Forester produced 3,000 red cedar seedlings for additional demonstration plantings on farms and 4-H projects. Catalpa Plantings.-Continuing his attem pt to meet growing shortages of naturally durable fence post material on farms and ranches, the Ex tension Forester promoted further demonstration plantings of catalpa.
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48 Florida Cooperative Extension The 5,000 seedlings grown with the assistance from West Florida Ex periment Station personnel during 1951 were used in making four demon stration plantings of one-half acre each on Experiment Station lands at Ona, Gainesville, Quincy and Jay. A half acre planting was made on a cattle ranch and the other 2,000 seedlings were used in making four 4-H Club plantings. In addition to these plantings, 100,000 seeds collected in 1951 and dis tributed to county agents, 4-H club members and farmers in 1952 produced 7,000 seedlings.These will be used for new fence post demonstration plant ings during 1953. The . Forester, with the assistance of several county agents, collected 150,000 catalpa seeds during 1952 for production of more seedlings in 1954. Some of these seeds will be planted in the State Forest Service nursery and by Agricultural Experiment Stations. The rest will be distributed to county agents, 4-H Club members and farmers. All seeds are distributed free. Tupelo Gum Planting.-The Extension Forester, assisted by the Ex tension Apiculturist and one county agent, established the first tupelo gum nursery in Florida. This planting was made to provide seedlings for dem onstration plantings of both Nyssa ogeche and Nyssa aquatica, the two most important tupelo gums for honey production. The Forester collected seeds, determined nursery site, time and method of planting and assisted in the actual planting operation. Several hundred seedlings were produced. Other Demonstration Forest Plantings.-The Extension Forester con tinued demonstration plantings and other work on two small forest plantings he established 10 years ago. Seven species of conifers and 27 species of native hardwoods were planted. Most of the hardwoods were planted as forest plantings in Florida for the first time. Interesting and important information on soils adapted to the several tree species and spacing and growth rates was developed from these 10-year-old forest plantings. The Forester planned, supervised and executed the planting of forest trees on an eight-acre tract of land provided for forest planting on the Experiment Station Farm at Gainesville during 1952. Forest Products for Home U.se.-In Florida the farm provides the best market for farm-grown timber. Lumber, fence posts, fuel wood, stakes, stack poles and sills are always needed on the farm. Since these wood products can be grown without disturbing timber produced for sale, the Forester initiated . and constantly promoted this idea. County agents were assisted in promoting such a program. 4-H Forestry Club Work.-The Extension Forester prepared plans, programs, project work outlines and instructions for 4-H forestry club activities and supervised the execution of project work in the field. He taught forestry to 235 4-H Club boys during two weeks of 4-H short courses and two weeks of 4-H summer camps. The 4-H forestry awards program, sponsored by two Florida pulp mills, produced seven county winners and one state winner, who also won National honors and a '$300.00 scholarship given by the American Forest Products Industries.
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Annual R eport, 1952 POULTRY ACTIVITlES N. R. Mehrhof , Poultry Husbandman J. S. Moore, Ext e nsion P
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50 Florida Cooperative Extension The broiler efficiency program continued to guide producers in the devel opment of their farming operations. This program calls for a 10,000 broiler capacity plant, four lots 'per year (a total of 40,000 birds per man) 34 pounds of meat per 100 pounds of feed, less than 5% mortality and market all birds before 11 weeks of age. During the year the broiler industry expanded in total numbers, size of buildings, number of chicks per man and use of labor-saving devices. Marketing Eggs and Poultry.-Production, handling and merchandizing phases of producing quality eggs were stressed during the year. Items stressed included sufficient nests, clean nesting material, gathering eggs often, cooling quickly, grading and packaging. Cooling systems were con structed on farms to hold eggs until marketed, more refrigerated trucks are being used to haul eggs to market and many retail stores are holding eggs under refrigeration until sold. More eggs were 'placed in cartons in 1952 than ever before. Processing plants for poultry meat have been developed and are now offering quality products to the consumer. Home-Grown Feed and Green Feed.-Feed represents approximately 60% of the total cost of producing poultry meat and eggs. Commercial egg producers have found that succulent green feed is one way to help reduce feed costs and develop quality pullets. Rotation of yards to provide green feed for layers and the development of pasture for growing pullets were recommended for commercial egg producers. 4-H Poultry Work.-Four-H Club members were encouraged to take an active part in poultry production, exhibition, judging and marketing. Four H poultry work was conducted in most counties of the state. Twenty~three counties participated in a special poultry project spon sored by Sears-Roebuck Foundation, with 230 club members starting 23,000 purebred day-old chicks. A district 4-H livestock and 'poultry show was held in Jacksonville, with five counties participating. Club members entered 300 birds. The second annual Ocala Area Junior Livestock and Poultry Show was held, with four counties participating. Club members entered over 300 birds and 40 dozen eggs. The Exension Poultryman judged 4-H poultry shows in nine counties. The Annual State 4-H Club Poultry and Egg Show and Judging Contest was held in connection with the Central Florida Exposition in , Orlando, February 23-March 1, 1952. Club members exhibited more than 1,500 birds and 179 dozen eggs and 15 judging teams participated. Training classes were held at the University for 100 4-H boys and girls and poultry instruction also was 'presented to club members attending the annual short course. Turkey l\fanagement.-Florida's turkey production for 1952 is expected to total 163,000, compared with 151,000 in 1951. During the year larger units were established, quality poults made available and marketing facilities developed. The Turkey Association held two meetings to promote improved efficiency in production and mer chandising. Florida National Egg-Laying Test.-The 26th Egg-Laying Test was con cluded September 15, 1952, with 86 pens of pullets from 47 breeders in 21 states and Canada and seven breeds of poultry competing for honors. Average egg production for this 350-day period was 220.7 eggs av eraging over 24 ounces per dozen. Feed (mash and grain) consumed per bird totaled 91.17 pounds. One part of grain to 1 parts of mash were
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Annual Report, 1952 51 used. Five 'pounds of feed were required to produce one dozen eggs. Mor tality totaled 14.7 percent. The high pen of 13 pullets entered by Blanton Smith, Nashville, Tenn., laid a total of 3,699 eggs for a score of 3,792 points. The high individual bird was a S. C. White Leghorn pullet entered by N. H. Meriwether, Townsend, Tenn., which produced 325 eggs (missing only 25 days) for a value of 352.05 points. Random Sample Test.-This test was started at the request of Florida breeders and hatcherymen and differs from the standard egg-laying test in that 50 day-old pullet chicks are selected at random by a disinterested person, boxed and shipped to Chipley, where they are brooded and reared. All pullets raised are placed in laying houses, fed and managed alike. Com plete records are kept on each entry. In preliminary random sample tests there was considerable difference noted in value of eggs over feed costs, based on the original number of chicks started. The first official random sample test began in April, 1952, with seven entries. The average cash cost (feed, chicks and vaccinations) per pullet housed was $2.11, varying from $1.99 to $2.39. Three hundred and nine teen pullets were housed from the original 350 pullet chicks started. Annual Breeders' Conference.-The Annual Breeders Conference was held in Gainesville at the Poultry Laboratory, December 5 and 6, 1952. The program included topics on selection, inheritance, breeding for broiler pro duction, sanitation in -hatcheries, the National Poultry Improvement Plan and other topics relating to breeding and hatchery enterprises. Forty-five hatcherymen and breeders attended. Annual Poultry Institute.-A united poultry industry in Florida was the theme of the Eleventh Annual Poultry Institute held at Camp Mc Quarrie, August 25-30, 1952. Over 400 poultrymen from 31 counties reg istered this year. Feeding, housing and management of broilers, layers and turkeys, hatchery topics, sanitation and disease prevention, marketing poultry prod ucts and national poultry subjects were discussed. The following associations held their annual or summer meetings during this Institute: Florida Poultry and Egg Council, Florida State Poultry Producers' Association, Florida Hatchery and Breeders' Association and Florida Turkey Association. Organizations.-Several county and state poultry associations and the Allied Industry Associations have rendered great service in developing the 'poultry Extension program. State associations include the Florida Poultry and Egg Council, Florida State Poultry Producers' Association, Florida Hatchery and Breeders' Asso ciation, Florida Turkey Association, Florida Feed Dealers' Association and Poultry and Egg Processors of Florida, with membership in the South eastern Poultry and Egg Association.
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52 Florida Cooperative Extension SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION H. S. McLendon, Extension Soil Conservationist Activities in Organized Districts.-Information given is prepared from Soil Conservation Service records, which are compiled at s ix-month periods of th e calendar year. Th e last report for 1952 will not be avail ab le until in January 1953. This sta tistical report covers information on 50 districts. There are now 54 organized distri cts in Florida. However, four of these are so new that no work has been reported for them during the period covered by this report. COMBINED REPORT OF SOIL CONSERVATION DISTRICTS ACTIVITIES FROM THE DATE OF ORGANIZATION TO .JUNE 30, 1952 Practice Contour farming .............. .... . . Cover cropping ........ .. .. . ...... .. . Crop residue management .. Strip cropping .................... . .. . Range improvement ........ .. . .. . Pa s ture impro vement ........ .. . . Seeding of range ........... .. .... . Seeding of pastures ....... ... . . Wildlife area improvement .. Woodland man ag ement .... ... . Tre e planting . . .. .... . . .. . .. . . ........ . Farm and ran c h ponds ..... .. . Terraces .......... ... ................ .. .. . Field diversions . . ............. . ..... . Farm drainage ... . . .. ... . . ........ .. . , Closed drains ..... ... ... ..... ......... . Open drains ........................... . Irrigation land preparation . . Improved water applications Field wind breaks ............ .. ... . Water disposal areas ..... ...... . Kudzu ........... .. .................. . ... . Sericea ......... . .. ........ ........ .. .. . . Alfalfa and permanent grass Woodland protection .. ...... .. . . Fish ponds ...................... ....... . Crop rotation ......................... . Planned 306,152 1cre s 550,711 acres 482,019 acres 21,815 1cres 657, 38 5 ~cres 1,693,889 acres 20,416 1cres 1,532 ,23 1 acres 119,793 acres 1,298,795 acr es 61,457 acres 946 number 24,943.0 mil es 349.0 mil es 1,530,755 mil es 1,817,075 acres 13,449.8 L. feet 132 ,8 14 acres 217,709 acres 286.9 mil es 7,652 acres 20,401 acres 5,130 acr es 45,560 acres 828,200 acres 1,131 number 67 3, 185 acr es Est ab lished 234,012 acres 436,622 acres 392,223 acres 12,468 acres 328,843 acres 715,382 acres 7,210 acres 552,689 acres 103,860 acres 1,118 , 543 acres 32,870 acres 670 number 9,396.6 miles 13,790.06 miles 249.0 acres 650,235 L . feet 1,496,495 miles 65,958 acres 132,797 acres 151.6 miles 3,451 acres 9,171 acres 2,021 acres 18,848 acres 619,802 acres 714 number 588,797 acres FARM AND RANCH CONSERVATION PLANS Number Applications received this period ........ ........... ..... .......... 2,291 Applications received to date ... ............ ......... ........... ...... . 21,169 Active applications to date ............. . ................................ 2,272 Plans prepared and signed this period .......................... 2,272 Plans prepared and signed to date .. ................ ....... ....... 15,757 Active conservation 'plans to date . ..................... .. . ... . ... 13,773 Combined treatment this period ...... . .. ..... . ......... . . .. ......... . Combined treatment to date ....... ........... ............ ... .......... . Acres 1,368,472 9,835,015 2,490,122 760,939 5,738,326 5,036,434 624,227 2,882,04 3
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Annual Report, 1952 53 Annual elections of supervisors were held in 48 districts in 1952. There are 26,069,951 acres covered by the 50 soil conservation districts shown in this report, of which 8,553,377 were covered by soil conservation surveys as of June 30, 1952. There were 5,804,280 acres covered by 15,952 farm pians for the same period. Organization of Soil Conservation Districts.-The Director of the Florida Agricultural Extension Service is Administrator for the State Soil Con servation Board and is responsible for administering the Soil Conservation Districts Act. Based on this authority, the Extension Soil Conservationist is responsible for organizational work in forming new districts in the state and the county agent assumes similar responsibility in the county. The same is true when there is a request for change of boundary of an or ganized district. All such matters are presented to the State Soil Con servation Board for final approval. The Extension Soil Conservationist, assisted by county agents in the districts, is responsible for holding elections to elect supervisors for new districts and annual elections to fill vacancies of supervisors whose terms have expired. Charters were issued to two new districts in 1952, Flagler and Bay. Each new district has the same boundaries as the counties of the same name. Boundaries of both Chipola River and Orange Hill Soil Conservation Districts were changed during 1952. Chfpola River District was changed to include all lands lying within the boundary of Liberty County, Florida; Orange Hill District was changed by excluding all lands lying within Bay County, Florida. Petitions were filed from Franklin and Baker counties for the organ ization of districts to serve all lands in each county in separate districts. In each case a referendum has been held and the landowners have voted in favor of creating districts. Final organization work is now being com~ pleted. The Extension Soil Conservationist attended regular meetings and some called meetings of boards of supervisors. He discussed district record keep~ ing with secretary-treasurers. The Extension Soil Conservationist attended two 4-H Club camps and instructed boys on soil and water conservation problems. He worked with county agents, their assistants and their club members on soil and water conservation projects. A number of pasture, clover and lupine tours were attended during the year. The Soil Conservationist worked with county agents and farmers in an effort to provide soil protection from both water and wind erosion, to get more legumes grown in general rotation and to turn under for soil improvement and to encourage the planting of more land to permanent pastures, especially where the land was showing erotion. He also encour 0 aged the growing of more legumes in pastures, including both winter and summer legume crops. During the year there was a large increase in acreage planted to clovers in Florida.
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54 Florida Cooperative Extension VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AND MERCHANDISING F. S. Jamison, Vegetable Crop Specialist• VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Forrest E. Myers, Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist James Montelar o, Acting Assistant Vegetable Crop S'pecialist' Florida vegetables reached record highs in gross value of more than $177,000,000, with a volume of about 141,000 carloads for the 1951-52 season. State value, carload volume and value per carload have about doubled in the past 10 years. Production costs were up , with narrow margin of return on many specific crops and with individual growers. Major Extension efforts were directed toward incorporating methods of producing good yields of high quality at minimum costs. Established growers demanded sound advice on new developments and standard prac tices in all phases of production. New growers, and growers in-and-out of vegetable production, also called for information on this fast moving, yet intensive type of agriculture. Garden-type inquiries were numerous and constant. Florida census figures indicated about 4,000 vegetable farms, 10,000 farms from which some vegetables : were sold and 30,000 farms on which vegetables were grown for home use. County Workers.-County Extension workers devoted 1,789 days to com mercial vegetable crops in 62 counties. Farmers were assisted with vege table crops in 527 communities. Number of commercial farmers assisted with various phases of vegetable work included: Varieties, 3,463, use of lime 2,-012, use of fertilizers 5,158, disease con trol 5,811, insect control, 7,439, weed control 1,360 and rodent control 908. Other activities by county Extension workers included assisting over 11,000 families in 56 counties to improve home food production and guiding over 4,000 garden projects to completion. Grower Meetings.-Timely discussions on current recommendations and research were used to answer on-the-spot problems for growers and other industry members in major vegetable producing areas over the state. Meet ings involved several counties in some instances, including programs at Plant City, Wauchula, Fort Myers, Oxford, Trenton, Webster, Pompano, Boynton, Canal Point, Hastings, Homestead, Palmetto, Turkey Creek and Worthington Springs. Meetings were in cooperation with county agricul tural agents in 35 counties and Florida Agricultural Experiment Station vegetable workers in local areas. Marketing Conference.-County agricultural agents from selected coun ties, accompanied by key growers, attended a two-day vegetable marketing conference sponsored by the Vegetable Advisory Committee. Specialists assisted in planning the program, arrangements and by presenting subject matter on production-marketing relationships. Grower Field Days.-Specialists actively assisted in presenting grower field days held at the Main Agricultural Ex periment Station, Gainesville, and at branch stations in Hastings, Fort Pierce; Boynton and Bradenton. Granted leave of absence for foreign assignment under Point IV program July 1, 1952. 0 Appointed September 1, 1952.
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Annual Report, 1952 55 Local Leader Training.-Instruction on small-scale vegetable grow ing was presented to local leaders in home demonstration work through the annual State Council Conference. Local grower leaders participated in the vegetable marketing conference and in area grower meetings. Florida State Horticultural Society.-Active assistance was given the vegetable section chairman in selecting topics and speakers and in pre senting the annual program. Vegetable Outlook Committee.-A production Specialist served as chair man of the special state sub-committee responsible for preparation of advance vegetable outlook material in "Looking Ahead for Florida Agri culture." "Vegetarian" Newsletter.-Area research reviews were presented through county agent newsletters on up-to-date results from six Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations in the producing areas over the state. Producticn Guides.-Specialists prepared and published revisions of the watermelon and sweet potato production guides and expanded the group to include eggplants (Extension Circulars 96A, 97A, and 109). Boys' Short Courses.-Outstanding 4-H boys with vegetable projects attended six short course sessions presented by a Specialist. Other boys with special vegetable interests from Hillsborough and Collier counties received Specialist instruction over a three-day period in summer camp. Radi0-Ten radio talks were presented for the Florid . a Farm Hour over WRUF. Twelve additional tape recordings were prepared at county agent request for use in radio programs in Central and West Coast areas of the state. County Agent Training.-A concise review of basic and timely vegetable information was presented for key Central and North Florida county and assistant county agents. This one-day training session was h e ld at the University of Florida, acquainting agents with facilities, personnel and subject matter in the field. Agents from all parts of the state attended a vegetable discussion section during Annual Agents Conference. Letter and Office Inquiries.-Over 1,000 inquiries for vegetable infor mation were answered by correspondence or office visits, including all phases from gardens to commercial production. Visual and Training Aids.-A collection of 300 colored slides suitable for educational purposes was ass e mbled. Arrangements were made with research workers, county agricultural agents and others for material ex changes in line with project needs. A survey was made to determine avail ability of similar material in state and federal bulletin cuts. Special Vegetable Short Course.-An intensive study of Florida vege table production was presented for 12 agriculturists from Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, Yugoslavia, Italy and The Netherlands . This activity was a trial short course for the Point IV Program, consisting of daily field tours and classroom discussions over a period of three weeks. Considerably more time was consumed in preparation and servicing the program. Grower Contact Study.-A preliminary survey was conducted, in co operation with county agricultural agents, using as samples growers and industry representatives attending nine vegetable meetings. Data indlcated possible usefulness in planning future activities along the lines of meetings and other methods of grower contact. Florida Seedsmen's Association.-Local store and field representatives from several sections of the state received basic and timely instruction at the annual state-wide Seedsmen's Short Course. A vegetable production
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56 Florida Cooperative Extension specialist arranged and moderated the panel discussion of current recom mendations at the annual Florida seedsmen's convention. VEGETABLE MERCHANDISING S. E. Rosenberger, Assistant Vegetable Crop Specialist Farmers' share of the consumer's fresh fruit and vegetable dollar is falling. At retail and wholesale levels handlers of fresh produce receive a larger share of the consumer's fresh fruit and vegetable dollar than the producer receives. Waste and spoilage in distribution are considered excessive, even though the distribution process is considered the most thorough and efficient known. Depressed or sluggish sales of fresh fruit and vegetables in retail stores increase spoilage. Rough handling and other ill-advised practices bring about waste. It is here that the efforts of the vegetable merchandising program are concentrated in an endeavor to decrease marketing costs and increase returns to producers and handlers. Retailers are encouraged and taught to become more skillful and effective in handling and displaying fresh produce. Retail handlers who are quality conscious and display produce attractively enjoy high sales and low losses. Throughout the year 59 food stores in six counties cooperated in a better produce merchandising program. Such a program consisted of a produce school conducted for retailers and later working with them individually to improve produce departments. Other activities entered into by the Specialist included such things a~ lectures, committee meetings and assisting with tours and short courses, as well as field days at the Agricultural Experiment Station.
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Annual Report, 1952 HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK Anna Mae Sikes, State Home Demonstration Agent Ethyl Holloway, District Home Demonstration Agent Edith Y. Barrus, District Home Demonstration Agent Joyce Bevis, District Home -Demonstration Agent 57 Home demonstration workers in Florida are responsible for the devel opment and supervision of coordinated 'programs for both white and negro home demonstration women and 4-H girls. They also shared responsibility for the overall Agricultural Extension Service program. Home demon stration agents in state and county offices assisted with programs, plans and activities for the improvement of home and family life. Organization and Supcrvisian.-The State Home Demonstration Agent's responsibilities were largely in the fields of personnel, relationships, ad ministration, supervision, coordination and administration of the program, headed by the Agricultural Extension Service Director. Counties are divided into three districts, with district home demon stration agents supervising the work in each district and helping with the development of a statewide 'program of home demonstration work. Two State Councils of Home Demonstration Work, one for women and another for girls, aided in developing a statewide program which was based on needs and interests of the people. Community home demonstration clubs were composed of women in terested in planning and carrying through a program directed to family and community life. All community clubs were eligible for representation in county home demonstration councils and through them in the State Council of Senior Home Demonstration Work. Purposes of adult and junior counsils were to unify home demonstration club work, make and carry out 'plans of work and provide leadership training necessary to assist in developing a program of improved family and community life. During 1952 12,828 women were enrolled in 495 white and negro home demonstration clubs and 16,286 white and negro girls were enrolled in 740 4-H clubs. There were 29,114 girls and women participating in a program planned with the advice and aid of home demonstration agents. Consid erable time was spent working with individuals who were not members of organized club groups. There was an enrollment of 5,614 individual demonstrators and 7,159 cooperators who were not members of community clubs. Agents reported helping 22,682 individuals not in organized clubs. Financing Home Demonstration "\Vork.-The state budget for mainte nance of home demonstration work came from the Agricultural Extension Service and Florida State University. Florida State University provided housing for the state home demonstration staff and a budget which per mitted additional personnel and a pre-service training program. Boards of county commissioners and county school boards cooperated in maintaining home demonstration work in the counties. Contributions by both boards included funds for 4-H Short Courses, camp scholarships, demonstration and office su'pplies, repairs in workrooms, equipment and community and work centers. County appropriating boards authorized $24,515.00 more for white home demonstration work and $13,945.00 more for negro work in 1952. This included salary increases, funds for clerical assistants and other expenses. Personnel.-The State Agent directed the work of 47 white home dem onstration agents, 15 assistant home demonstration agents, 12 negro agents,
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58 Florida Cooperative E xtension 10 special i sts and three white and one negro district home demonstration agents. Two specialists were added to the sta ff in 1952. The health education position, a new one, was filled by appointment of a home demonstration trainee. The food conservation position, an established one, was filled by appointment of an experienced sta ff member. The Assistant State Girls' 4-H Club Agent 1 es igned in June and this position was filled by a qualified home economist with 4H Club experience. Perso nn el Traini n g . -More time and thought was expended during the year than ever b efore on pre-service training, due to scarcity of suitable personne l and t h e expanded scope of the home demonstration program. The State Agent employed two hom e economics graduates as trainees with 'plans for eventual appointments as assistants or co unty hom e demonstra tion agents . ' . FAMILY FOOD N[[Ds TO USE FOOD WIS L BY PlANNING HEALS for Dail4 e.ds. Fig. 9.-T h ese two home demonstration agents from Germany stud i ed hom e demonstration methods and practices in Florida. As many trainees as the budget permitted were e mployed to prevent in terrupt ion of the home d emo n strat ion program caused by personnel turn over. Inse rvic e training was given county hom e demonstration agents by district agents, spec iali sts, Federal Extension Servic e workers and faculty members of Florida Stat e University and the University of Florida through staff conferences and inter-office committee work . Training included con ferences, hort courses, wor k shops, farm and home institutes, leader and inervice training meetings, the Annual Extension Service Agents' Co n
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Annual Report, 1952 59 ference , and regional training meetings. Home demonstration agents were polled for program suggestions for training meetings, workshops and conferences. Activities and Accomplishments.-During 1952 home demonstration agents trained 8,250 local leaders for home demonstration work. These leaders held 1,586 meetings and gave information to 21,441 homemaker s . Agents trained 6,783 leaders in 4-H Club work and they conducted 1,529 meetings at which 35,658 youths attended. Forty-four county councils of senior home demonstration work, white and negro, representing 495 community clubs sponsored leadership train ing meetings for officers and chairmen. Senior councils improved 39 and constructed 18 new community buildings, assisted 29 libraries in 14 coun ties, sponsored 723 county achievement days and held 1,418 social and 371 money-making functions. Program Development.-The Home Demonstration Program is design e d to meet needs, desires and interests of people of different economic, social and cultural backgrounds. There were 31,466 rural and farm families and 34,394 non-farm families given direct service by home demonstration workers . Agents made 73,463 business calls, handled 80,326 requests by telephone, made 22,956 home and farm visits and distributed 169,018 bulletins. Seventy-three county home demonstration agents, white and negro, spent 10,388 days working with adults and 10,031 days with 4-H Club and older youth. Agents held 191 adult achievement days attended by 52,675 persons and 532 4-H Club achievement days attended by 53,380 girls . Seventy 4-H camps were held with 2,144 girls att e nding and result dem onstrations were held at 1;053 meetings attended by 16,145 persons. County home demonstration agents wrote 5,334 news article s , made 1,054 radio broadcasts in 34 counties and appeared on three television shows. White agents in 30 counties and 10 negro agents reported special ac tivities in observnce of National Home Demonstration Week. Home dem onstration agents cooperated with Civil Defense in 12 meetings, arranged 163 home improvement tours attended by 1,840 persons, 'participated in 220 county fairs and assisted with 30 flower and garden shows.
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60 Florida Cooperative Extension CLOTHING AND TEXTILES Katherine Simpson, Specialist in Clothing and Textiles The major objective of the Florida clothing program of the Agricultural Extension Service was to develop standards in clothing to improve the health and appearance of family members and give comfort, poise and satisfaction for better living within the clothing budget. The specialist worked with the State Home Demonstration Staff, county home demonstration agents and other interested groups to build a program to meet the needs and interests of as many people as possible. Reports show home demonstraticn agents devoted 2,931 days to cloth ing work throughout the State. Clothing leaders, as a result of leader training meetings in 21 counties, held 192 meetings and taught 1,001 white and 261 negro women to sew. Leaders and agents devoted time to con struction, selection, care, repair, renovation, planning family wardrobes, budgeting, and consumer education. A report from 4-H Club girls shows the following: Counties Reporting Girls enrolled ........................ 47 Girls completing projects .... 47 Number garments made .... 47 Number garments remodeled 47 White 9,552 6,232 25,850 6,761 Counties Reporting 12 12 11 11 Negro 1,851 1,431 3,095 ' 1,704 Other accomplishments of the program include: CLOTHING AND HOUSEHOLD TEXTILES (Reported by 47 white and 12 negro home demonstration agents) Families assisted this year with care and repair of machines ........ .. Families receiving help on home laundry problems .............................. .. Clothing demonstrators in county: Women ...... ....... ........................................................................................... .. Girls ............. .. ............. .. ........................ . .............. . ...................................... .. Training meetings held for clothing leaders: Women ........................................................................................................ .. Girls .. . .. . .................................... .. ............. ... ......................... .. ........... . ........... .. Exhibits . on clothing programs .............. .... ............................ . ..................... .. Method demonstrations given on clothing and textiles before: Women ............................................................... ..... ............ .... ..................... . Girls ............................................................................................................. . Method demonstrations given on clothing and textiles by: Women ........................................................................................................ .. Girls ..... . . ... ....... ......... . .............. .. .......................... . ... .. ........ ..... ..... ........ .... . Home demonstration women entering county dress revues or shows .. .. 4-H Club girls entering county dress revues or shows ... ....................... .. 2,043 5,463 4,602 7,006 114 132 1,047 1,002 2,395 945 1,649 1,128 2,392 Various methods were used to interest and meet the needs of both 4-H and adult groups, such as leader training meetings, use of illustrative mate rials, home visits, fair exhibits, county and state dress revues, radio pro grams, newspaper articles and individual assistance on special clothing problems. The Specialist reorganized the 4-H clothing program for first and second years and prepared mimeographed material for this. From the re ports of 1950, 1951 and 1952 the clothing program shows definite annual increases. This interest should be held by continuing the work started and encouraging others to do more home sewing for better, more comfortable and happier clothed families.
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Annual Report, 1952 61 EDITORIAL AND VISUAL AIDS Alma Warren, Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist New Releases.-The Assistant Editor distributed 236 individual stories to daily and weekly newspapers and radio stations. Of these, 50 were for home demonstration agents' local use, 35 were about county home demon stration agents and 37 about specialists' findings. Forty features, with pictures, were arranged, 10 for magazines, 42 for special campaigns and 13 to meet special requests. More than 200 'photographs were distributed to newspapers, magazines and bulletins. A newsletter, designed as an exchange of ideas among home demonstration agents, was prepared. Flor ida's 62 home demonstration agents and assistant home demonstration agents wrote 5,334 articles for newspapers. Radio.-The Florida State University radio program used 12 home dem onstration programs during the year. These included home economics, foreign agriculturists, .. 4-H human interest stories, senior council meetings, public affairs and 4-H Club song features. The State Home Demnstration Office furnished other radio stations 55 programs during the year. Home demonstration agents prepared and de livered 1,054 radio programs. (Transcriptions made with delegates to the National Home Demor.stration Council in Raleigh, North Carolina, were used by 23 radio stations.) The state home demonstration staff transcribed a program for world wide broadcast over the Department of State's Voice of America. Visual Aids.-Distribution of audio-v sual aids was important to the educational program of home demonstration and 4-H Clubs. These mate rials were viewed by more than 100,000 people. Home demonstration agents and specialists made more use of educational filmstrips. Agents used 215 filmstrips and 352 movie films in their work. Six pictures of 4-H Club girls modeling dresses were furnished for film strip production. Transcriptions of home demonstration club and council programs have been made on a limited scale. Twenty-five home demonstration agents were given individual instruction in the mechanism and operation of o paque projectors, tape recorders, mo tion picture projectors, slide and filmstrip projectors. Twelve agents bought filmstrip pl'Ojectors and are using them frequently. Cultural and Educational Programs.-Home demonstration agents planned 75 meetings based on art, 64 on music, 47 on literature and 67 on allied fields. Tours conducted for education and cultural interests totaled 181. Six hundred seventy-seven books and magazines were exchanged at home demonstration club meetings, 450 new books were contributed and 103 magazines and newspapers were subscribed to for libraries by home dem onstration clubs. Reference material for many of these cultural and educational 'pr-ograms was furnished by the Assistant Editor and Visual Aids Specialist.
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62 Florida Cooperative Extension FOOD AND NUTRITION Cleo M. Arnett, Extension Nutritionist An integrated family food program, including nutrition and health and the production, conservation, utilization and marketing of foods, was begun to unify and strengthen the total foods program. The objectives are to teach the value of good nutrition as a basic factor in acquiring and main taining optimum health and happiness and to motivate the adoption of good food habits as a part of daily living. Work carried on by the Extension Nutritionist was organized around adult and junior home demonstration programs. Work with the two groups was interrelated and subjects stressed were nutrition and health, food selection and preparation, and planning and servicing meals. Families were reached through radio, television, news articles, pam phlets, bulletins, exhibits, method demonstrations, meetings, institutes, short courses and home and office visits. Emphasis was placed on the devel opment of local leadership and u'pon established demonstrations by indi viduals and families. The Nutritionist spent 126 days working in 30 counties, where she assisted with 32 leader training meetings, visited 24 demonstrators and participated in 19 meetings and conferences, including two 4-H Club camps and six short courses and institutes. White and negro home demonstration agents reported spending 2,378 days developing the food and nutrition program in 755 communities. Nutrition and Health.-The main factors stressed which contributed to good nutrition and health were the value of the right kinds and amounts of foods for good health, value of having a family food 'plan, food require ments for different age levels, ways of providing good nutrition at different economic levels and good nutrition in weight control. Reports of white and negro home demonstration agents indicate the interest of individuals and families in improving their nutritional status. During the year 22,038 families were assisted in improving diets, 15,994 families studied nutrition, 3,057 received help with child feeding problems, 3,692 were given information on food for older people and 11,654 served daily balanced meals including the basic seven food groups. Agents helped 4,377 families 'pack well-balanced lunches for school children and 3,982 for adult lunches and 5,777 families established demon strations in food and nutrition. Assistance was given by 5,454 leaders. In addition 938 women and girls served as leaders in food and nutrition, 1,228 food and nutrition exhibits were arranged by agents and leaders, 1,626 method demonstrations and programs in food and nutrition were given by agents and 2,463 method demonstrations and programs were given by leaders and club members. Food Selection, Preparation and Meal Planning.-The food selection, preparation, meal planning and service phase emphasized food selection based on the basic seven food groups, wise selection for quality and spe cific use, proper storage to prevent waste and retain nutrients, recommended methods of preparation, meal planning to consider management, simplicity, sanitation, attractiveness and appetizing combinations, and gracious serving of meals. A total of 23,108 families were assisted with food 'preparation. Im provement in methods of food preparation have shown an upward trend in the past three years, as shown below. Recommended method of food preparation used for:
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Annual Report, 1952 63 Number of Families in 1950 1951 1952 Dairy products ............................................. . 7,714 8,638 11,177 Meat and fish ............................................... . 10,540 10,745 11,097 Poultry and eggs ........................................... . 9,352 9,960 11,658 Vegetables: Cooked ...................................................... 14,019 . 14,789 10,486 15,669 14,562 12,132 Raw ......................................................... . Baked products .............................................. 10,396 Also 5,960 families budgeted money spent for food, 8,186 families selected foods for quality and specific use and 12,009 families used local and seasonal foods to best advantage. 4-H Club Work.-The 4-H Club program emphasized development of in terest and ability in planning, preparing and serving simple well-balanced meals, using home or locally produced foods when possible. Club members were urged to learn and follow good food habits essential to optimum growth and development. Acceptance of the 4-H Club dairy foods awards program encouraged many girls to use more milk. During the year 9,742 girls en rolled in and 6,591 girls completed food preparation projects, while 113 teams and 518 individuals gave dairy foods demonstrations.
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64 Florida Cooperntii•e Extension FOOD CONSERVATION Alice L. Cromartie, A sistant Specialist, Food Conservat ion Food conservation continues to be an important phase of the hom e d e onstration program . A su rvey indicated that 65 % of the h ome demonstra tion agents worked with families on the fami l y food upply in 19 52 . As a result, 2,21 women and 441 4-H Club girls reported canning and / or freezing by a budget uited to family needs. Adequate storage of home canned product received the attention of home demonstration agents and con servation leaders. The effect of this i shown by the 2,435 families who constr u cted adequate facilities in 1952. Better use and care of equipme nt wa emphasized, 1,357 gauge on pressure cookers were tested and 8,125 families reported u s ing pressure cookers for canning. Report indicate that can ning of vegetab les , fruits, meat s and juices dropped in 1952, as did the number of families u sing canning centers, but the total remains hi g h er than in 1950. This decrease ca n be attributed, in part, to increased use of home freezers and locker plants for conserving foods. Approximately 1,000,000 pounds of meat were frozen in 1952. Vege tables increased slightly and fruits continued a s ligh t decline. Horne freezer owners continue to increase in num ber. As a result use of locker plants has slightly decreased. Home-cured meats increased in 1952 by approximate l y 25,000 pounds. Four hundred and thirty-nine food co n servat ion le ader gave a s i sta n ce with food conservation programs. Sixt een county wide leader trai nin g m eet ing s were held by the Specia li st in 14 countie . About 2,270 4-H C lu b g i rls completed food conservation projects in 1 952, conserving 87,235 quarts of canned fo c ds, 59,924 pounds of frozen foods and 21,269 quarts of frozen foods. Fig. 10 The Extension Food Special i t demonstrat e s an e m erge n cy pantry to county civil defense group.
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Annual R e port, 1952 65 FOOD PRODUCT I ON Helen D. Hol ste in, Food Conse1vation Specia li st The food production phase of the Florida Agricultural Extension ervke program is a part of the genera l agricultural producti o n program for thz tate. The program was p lann ed and carr i ed out through cooperat i ve efforts of the Nutritionist, Assistant Food Con ervation Specialist, Food Conservation Speciali st, other members of the state taff of the Agricul t ural Extension Service, county home demonstration agents, volunteer leaders, home demonstration and 4-H C lu bs, j uni or and se ni or cou n cils of home demon stra tion work, indi vidua l and others. Program emphasis was p l aced on planning t h e production of the fam il y food s up p l y according to family fo -0 d n eeds, fac il it i es for produci n g foods, c lima t i c and soil conditions, econom i c factol'S inv o lved and s uit abi lit y of certai n sect ion s of the state for certain crops. Th e re l ations hip between a well-balanced sup ' ply of food produced at home and the principles of ,q good d i et for t h e family was st ressed at every opportunity. This included growing a garden to furnish vegetables for home use, producing fru i ts adapted to the region as a part of yard beautification p l an, keeping at l east one or two cows to provide milk, butter and chee e, keeping a 'pou l try flock for meat and egg and raising meat animals for a home supply of meat. Where practical, urban families were encouraged to grow s mall Fig. 11.-Girls at the 1 952 4-H C lub Short Co ur se l earn what they can grow in their own gardens.
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66 Flo r ida Cooperative E x tension gardens, to have some fruit plantings in the yard, to have backyard poultry flocks and to have other meat supplie s , such as rabbits. Many different methods were used to a ss i s t families in this program , s uch as method demonstrations, direct contacts, audio-visual aids, tours to established demonstrations to stimulate interest and s pecial training meet ings for l e aders. The home production of fruits and vegetables for family use was ap proached from the standpoint of ext e rior home beautification as well as good nutrition , h e alth and economy . Many famili e s participated in thi s program , as shown by statistical reports of white and negro home dem onstration agents. Work Done Planted home gardens . ............ . ... .. ......... . . . . Planted home orchard s .. . ..... ...... .. .. ... ...... . Garden demonstrators . . ... . ........ . .... .... ...... . Orchard demonstrators . ........ ... . . . . ...... ... . . . Enrolled garden projects ....... . ... . . .. ...... .... . Women 10,680 6,068 3,333 1,249 Girls 3,834 683 2 , 324 304 3,234 Poultry production continued to be a popular phase of the 4-H Club program. Stati s tical reports of white and negro home demonstration agents show that 1,474 4-H Club girls were poultry demonstrators, 4-H girls raised 70,713 chickens and 1,004 girls kept poultry record s . Home demonstration club members in 47 counties bought 1,140 family milk cows during the year, bringing to 10,766 the number family milk cows on members' farms . Two hundred forty-five girls entered dairy projects in the state and 10,115 families reported u s ing a quart of milk daily for each child and a pint for each adult. More rural families bought home freezers or had access to freezer-locker plants. As a result, 9,292 hogs, 3,520 cattle and 5,113 other animals were grown and used at home. The food production chairmen and leaders in home demonstration and 4-H Clubs were influential in assisting with the promotion of this pro g ram during the year. There were 373 women and 335 girls acting as garden and orchard chairmen and leaders, 268 women and 268 girls as poultry chairmen and leaders, 197 women and 151 girls as home dairying chair men and leaders and 51 wom e n and 51 girls as meat production chairmen and leaders. There was a downward trend in the production of family food supplies in Florida, which parallels the national trend. According to reports of county home demonstration agents, this was due, in part, to more women being em ' ployed outside the home, erratic climatic conditions, poor s oil in certain sections of the state, fewer farm families , tran s ient population, more specialized farms with large acreage and large farm equipment which is now being used on the farms and which is unsuitable for cultivating small garden plot s .
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Annual Report, 1952 67 GIRL S' 4 H C L U B W ORK Lorene tevens, State Girl ' 4 -H Club Agent Bronna Mae Elkin s, A s i s tant State Girl s ' 4 -H Club Agent During 1952 16,286 girls were enrolled in 740 4-H Clubs. Learning im proved sk ill s in s ubje ct-matter fields, assuming 4-H Club re ponsibilities and pa ss ing on 4 -H information helped 4-H C lu b gir l s to be better citizens in their home, club, community and county. The 31 county girl s' 4-H councils erved a s advisory committees to county home demon tration agents. Th e council, composed of two gir l s from each 4 -H lub , met regularly, helped to p lan and direct county 4-H eve nts, interpreted to the a gent and leader the needs of the girls in the local c lub s and h e lped local groups to fit into the over-all county and tate 4 -H C lub program. The State Girls' 4-H Counci l , composed of county rep r esentatives, worked during 1952 on the following four area s of emphasis: Publiciz e d 4 -H work, helped develop lead ers hip ab ili ties, encouraged 4-H community and family 'project s and promoted the National 4 -H Youth Center by planFig . 12. Four-H Club girls l ea rn t o spe nd t heir c lo thing dollar for a tee n-ag e girl's wardrobe.
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68 Florida Cooperative Extension ning and sponsoring drives in each county to reach the goal of 10 cents a member. Requirements necessary to complete specific projects were met by 68.2 percent of the girls enrolled in 4-H Club work. Requirements included making an exhibit representative of the project and submitting a reco1d and story of achievements. County home demonstration agents, adult 4-H leaders and others provid e d information and encouragement to 4-H Club girls completing their projects through method demonstrations, training meetings, exhibits, news s tories, bulletins, achievement days and tour s, camps, rallies and individual assistance. Organization and Leadership.-The 1,298 junior leaders gave assistance to local and county 4-H Club groups and worked closely with adult 4-H Club work. In addition, 814 women worked as volunteer leaders under the direction of agents. A total of 6,783 attended 626 training meetings; plann e d and directed by the state and county Extension staff memb e rs. These meet ings provided training in organization and subject-matter leadership. County home demonstration agents and adult and junior 4-H leaders helped plan and direct 95 tours attended by 2,532 persons, 532 achievement days attended by 53,380 persons, 6,368 method demonstrations attended by 129,703 persons, 70 camps attended by 2,144 girls, 1,210 other 4-H meetings attended by 51,563 persons, 1,529 meetings held by adult 4-H Club leaders attended by 23,987 persons and 369 4-H girls' clubs having community service projects. Observance of National 4-H Achievement Day, National 4-H Club Week and Rural Life Sunday and participation in local, district and state fairs, short courses, camps, rallies and other 4-H events helped keep others informed on the program and provided opportunities for the development of individual abilities. Evidences of the growth, strength and expansion of 4-H girls' work were indicated by increased number of 4-H Club meetings, amount of training given to adult 4-H Club leaders, responsibilities given to adult and junior 4-H Club leaders, number of planned 4 H Club meetings, number of 4-H Club members participating in the program, number of adult and junior 4-H Club leaders, interest and assistance from home demonstration club members, number of method demonstrations given, number of records submitted to the State Home Demonstration Office, interest of 4-H Club girls and their parents in 4-H and number of training meetings. Short Course.-Annual Short Course for 4-H Club Girls at Florida State University in June was attended by 400 club girls and approximately 100 agents and volunteer leaders. General assemblies, classes and recreation periods provided girls and their leaders an o'pportunity to participate and to develop skills and techniques.
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Annual Report, 1952 69 HEALTH EDUCATION Frances C. Cannon, Assistant Health Education Specialist 7 Health and Safety Work was carried out in 818 communities this year. Home demonstration agents devoted 830 and county agents 208 days to this work. Health and safety activities fell into three categories, improved health, use of available health facilities and coo'peration with health agencies. Improved Health.-Some advances were made which indicate improve ment of health. In 1952 9,269 family members had health examinations, compared to 7,171 in 1951. There were 1,136 flush toilets installed, 490 sanitary closets either built or bought and 7,241 families received instruction in the prevention of communicable diseases. Encouraged Use of Available Health Facilities.-Educational emphasis was placed on knowing about and using existing health facilities. Five county council groups had programs on the work of their local health units, information was given to 3,370 families on first aid, 7,185 families cooperated with the immunization program and 2,291 families had water su'pplies checked. To create better understanding on administering medical care a private physician spoke at two Farm and Home Institutes. Cooperation With Health Agencies.-Home demonstration clubs were represented on 64 county health boards. Two hundred seventy-seven home demonstration clubs cooperated with tuberculosis X-ray units, 328 worked with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 114 assisted with pre school clinics and 313 participated in the Cancer Crusade. All county councils of home demonstration work in Florida contributed to the Mary E. Keown Memorial Fund. This fund, which totaled $1,240, was given to cancer research at the University of Florida. 4-H Club Work.-During the year 24 4-H boys and 2,391 girls enrolled in health projects. Records show that 154 4-H Clubs coo'perated with tuberculosis drives, 337 with the March of Dimes, 53 with pre-school clinics and 106 ith Cancer Crusade. Leadership Training.-A total 375 home demonstration clubs and 203 girls' 4-H Clubs have health chairmen. Forty-seven training meetings were held on health, with 1,643 attending. Recreation.-To stress the importance of a balanced day of work, rest and play, 1,418 social activifies were planned and directed by home dem onstration agents and club members. Two hundred ten women and 616 4-H girls received training in recreation and they held 224 and 585 meetings, respectively. 7 Appointed June. 1, 1952.
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70 Florida Cooperati v e E xtension HOME IMPROVEMENT Bonni e J. Carter, Hom e Impro v ement Sp e ciali st Th e hom e improvement program was planned and carried out in 47 counties. Information was presented through 4 -H and women's c lub m eet ings, workshops, tours, achi evement days, hom e v i s it s, w ork with other organizations and persons, press and radio. Agents spent 3,808 days working on home im proveme nt activities in 2,629 communit i es. The y were a s i sted by 2,143 vo lunt ee r local leaders. Ninety-one training meetings were h e ld for adu l t lead e r s and 561 for g irl s . H ou s in g. Th e hou s ing program helped rural families improv e h o u si n g cond itions and ot h erwise raise their sta ndard of living. Prom otion of better h o u sing and other factors to create more satisfying h o m e and family life was an important part of t h e housing 'program. Re su lt s for 195 2 are s how n in the fo llowing table: Fig. 13.-These 4 -H Cl u b girls know that simple th ing s can make material differences when they are improving the interior s of their h omes.
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Annual Report, 1952 71 Families assisted withBuilding, remodeling and repairing dwellings .... . . .. . . . . . ... . ..... . . .. . . 3,443 Storage .. ... .. . .. .. ..... . ..... . .. .. .. .. . . . . . ..... . .. . . . .. . . .. ..... . . . .. . .... .. . ... . .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . 2,154 Kitch e ns .... . . .... ... .. ... ... .. .......... . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . ... .. .. . .. . ... . . .. .. .. ...... . . . .... .. . . ...... 2,468 Other rooms . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. ... ... . ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. ... . . . ... .. .... .. . .... . ... 4,444 Floors ...... .. . . . .. . . .................... . .... ..... .......... .. ... . . .. . ..... ............ . . . . ... .. ... ...... 2,086 Selecting furnishings ........ . .. . .................. ... ... ..... . . ............... .. . ... ........ 4,898 Laundry facilities ........ .. . .. . . ... .. ............ ... ... .. . .. . .. . . ............. . .... ..... ... ... . 1,415 Electric lighting and home equipment ...... .... . .... .. . ..... ...... .. . . .... ... .... 4,102 Sewage, water supply, sanitary toilets .... ... .... . . .. . . . ..... . . ..... . . . .. ..... 2,227 Pest control . .. .... . ... . .. .. . . .. .... . ... . .. . . . .. ...... . ... .. . .... . . ... . ..... .... . . . .......... ... .. .. 5,277 Handling and disposing of garbage . . .... .. . . . ...... . .. ............. .. . ... . . . . . .. .. 16,722 Number 'pieces equipment purchased ........... ................ .. . ...... . .. .. . .. 15,903 ( electric, gas, and other) Number pi e ces furniture added .... . ... .. . . . . ... .... .. .. , ...... . .. .. . ............ .. 18,589 Improving home grounds . .. .. . . . ... .. ... . .... ....... . . :. ...... . ........ . . .. . .. . ... ... ... . . 10,980 Family Living.-More efficient use of av a ilable human and material resources to improve the family's economic and social statu s was the key note of the family living programs. The Specialist and agents assisted with the following family probl e m s : Number famili e s a ss i s ted withHome acc o unts .. ... . .. . .. . .... . . ... . . .. . . . .. . ......... . . ... . ..... .... . . . .... . . ...... . ....... . .. .. . Time management ...... . . . : . ..... . ... : . . . .......... . . . : .. . ........ .. .. ......... . ... ...... . .. . ... . Financial plans ........... .... .. ... .................... . . . .. ... .................. ....... . ..... .. . Using credit for family living ................. ... . . ................ .. . . ... . . . .. : .... . U s ing tim e ly e conomic information for making adju s tm e nts in famil y living . . .. . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . ........ ....... . .. ... . . Improving family relation s hips ....... . .. ........ . ..... .. . .. . ..... .. . .. .. . .. ... . ... . . Child development and g uidance ....... . . .. ... .. . . .... .... .. . ..... .... .. . . ... ... ... . Improving home recreation .................. . . .. . .. . .. . . ... . ........... .. .. .. . . . . .. . ... . Providing furnishings, clothing, and play equipm e nt for childr e n ................... . . . .. .. .. ... .. . .. .. .......... .. . ........ .. .. . 1,369 3,527 1,815 364 7,165 4 , 92 6 3,230 9,812 2,932 Consumer Education.-Getting the mo s t for con s umer dollars wa s the goal of the con s um e r education program. Wise-buying information wa s given to rural families and many were taught how to repair and remodel homes and furniture, thereby saving expensive l a bor bills. The following assi s tance was given by the Speciali s t and agent s : Families assi s t e d withBuying equipment and furni s hings ............ . . .... . .. . .... . ... . ... . .. .... .. . .. . . 4,700 Buying household supplie s . . .. . .. . . . ............ ...... . .. .. . . .. .............. . ....... . .... 4,303 Buying food and clothin g ... .................. ... . .. . . . ... ................ . .. .. . .... . . ... 14,640 Consumer buying (different families) .... .... ................... . ........ ... . .. .. 12,332 Deciding "making vs. buying" . ... ........ . .. . . . .. .. . . ... .. .. . ..... ..... .. ..... .. .. .. . 7,972 Remodeling , remaking , and r e finishing furniture .. . . . ... . ... .. . . . . . .. . .. 4,343 4-H Club Work.-A program was plann e d to s timulate gi r l s ' interest in learning to do simple home tasks well and in making their homes more comfortable, convenient and beautiful. Result s of the program for 1952 follow:
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72 Florida Coop er ative Extension 4-H Club girls assisted withKeeping personal accounts . . . . ... , .......... : .... . ............ .. . . .. . ........ . ... ... ..... . Beautification of home grounds-enrolled ......... .... .............. .... .... . Child Care-enrolled ............................................... .. . . ................ . . . ... . Home management (Good housekeeping)-enrolled .. ... .... ..... . . ... . Units involved ........... . ... . .. . . .. .. ..... . ... . .... ........ .............. ...... ............. . Home furnishings and room improvement-enrolled ..... . . . ....... . Units involved~ Rooms .. . .. ..... . . .. .. ........ ... . ... .......... .. .. ...... ........ .. . ...... .. . ................ . Articles . . .. . .. .... . . ... ... . .. ... ....... .. . . . . ..... .... .... ...... . . . . ................. . ... . . Exhibits made by 4-H Club member s . . ............. . . ...... .. . ...... ........... . Communities assisted by 4-H Club engaging in.community activities, such as improving school grounds, l o cal fairs, etc ..... 1,790 3,176 2,310 2,826 2,792 3,230 2,561 6,202 571 369 Special training in 4-H Club home improvement was given to approxi mat e ly 760 4-H girls, volunteer local leaders and home demonstration agents at short courses. Other s were as s i s ted through leader training meeting s, 4-H Club and junior council meeting s, camps and home visits.
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Annual Report, 195 2 73 HO ME I D UST RI ES AND MA Rl (ETI G Gladys Kendall, Home Industries and Marketing pecialist The objective of the hom e indu stries and marketing program was to help individuals and families increase 01 extend income by producing and ma1keting quality products at home, by u s ing consumer information and by better management of re ources. Co n u m er Info rm ation and Management of Re o u rces . -Cons um er infor mation and management of resources were integrated with all hom e eco nomics programs. Major emphasis of the home industri es and marketing 'program in consumer information was on buying foods, furnishings and equ ipment. In management, emphasis was o n time, energy and money management. Families were assisted with prnblems concerning selection, purchasing and "making versus buying" deci s ion s . Home demonstrati on agents spent 611 days in 1952 working on con sumer information, home management and family economics. The agents and volunteer leaders assi ted families as follows: Fig. 14 . Florida 4-H Club girls l earn to st udy labels when shopping for their clothing and hous e hold textiles in a class during hort Course. They thus learn money management as well as textile qualities.
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74 Florida Coopemtive Extension Number of families assisted withTime-management problems . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . ......... . ............ . ... . . . .... ... ... . . . . . Home accounts ....... . ............ . .... . . .. . ... . ... . . .......................... . . . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . Financial planning ... . ........ . . ..... . . ... . . .. .................................... ... .... .. . ... . Improving use of credit for family living expenses .. . . ... . . . : ..... ... . Developing home industries as a means of supplementing income . ... .... .. ... .................................... . .... .. .... .... . . "Making versus buying" decisions ..................................... . .. .. ..... . Using timely economic information to make buying decisions or other adjustments in family living . .. ..... . . . .. .... .. . Number of families assisted this year through cooperative associations or individually with the buying of3,527 1,369 1,815 364 2,751 7,972 7,165 Food ..... . .... . ...... . . ... . . .. .. . ..... .. .. ....... . ... ..... .. . ......... . .. . ..... . . .. . .. . . ... .. . .. . . . . . ... 7,210 Clothing . . ................. . .. .. . . ...... . . . ........................................ . ..... . .. . . ... . 7,430 House furnishings and equipment ...................... . ......... . . ,. .... . . .. 4,700 General household supplies .... . ... . .................................... . ..... . .. . ... 4,303 Total number of different families assisted this year with consumer-buying problems ..... . .. .. . . . . . . ...................................... . ...... .. .. .... . Number 4-H girls keeping personal accounts ........................... .. . . . .. . . Number 4-H girls using economic information ..................... . ... . ..... . 12,332 1,790 1,177 Home Industries and Marketing.-The development of home industries, using native materials, food products and other resources of the farm and home, was another area of major emphasis. Training in methods and skills and information needed to produce, package and market quality products was given agents, volunteer leaders and others at training meet ings, in printed and mimeographed leaflets and through individual assis tance by the Home Industries and Marketing and other specialists. Home demonstration and 4-H Club members reported marketing the following: Food Products Value of Products Eggs .............................. .... . ........ . ..... . ... . .......................................... $246,711.65 Poultry ........................................... .. ............................................. 76,369.07 Fresh vegetables ............. . ... .... ... .. ................................................ 29,513.60 Dairy products ....................... . ...... . .... .. ................................... ... ... 27,297.38 Fresh fruits .......................... . . . .... ... . .. . . . . . ... . ..................................... 26,396.16 Baked foods ............................. . .... . .. ..... ..... . ........... . ................ . ...... . 5,962.35 Canned foods ................. . . . ......... .. .. ... ........ . . .. .. . ........................... . . 7,611.96 Total food products .. ...... . . .. ... .. . ..... . . .... . ....... . ......... . . . ..... .... ..... . ... $419,862.27 Other products .......... . .............. .... . . . . . . .... . ... .. ............. . ...... . .. . ....... . . 43,221.53 Total of all products ..... . . . . .. ... . ..................................... .. ... . .. $463,083.70 Families reported receiving more cash from the sale of home-produced products in 1952 than in 1951. Of the cash received, approximately 90% was from the sale of food products, the other 10% from flowers, plants, handicraft articles and services. About 50% of the total cash received was from the sale of eggs. In addition to cash sales, many families con tributed home-made 'products to charity and community drives . Demand for quality handicraft articles, made of native materials con tinued strong. The development of profitable hobbies and leisure-time activities was encouraged and training was given in production and mar keting skills.
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Annual Report, 1952 Agents in 37 counties reported the following activities: Number of families assisted withDeveloping h o me industrie s .. . . .. . ..... . . . . . .. .. . . . ..... .. . .. . ..... . . ... . .. . . . ... . . Standardizing products . .... .. . ....... ... . . . ... .. . . . ... . ... ... . .... . .. ... . . . .. .. . ... . . . Selling through Road s id e stands ... .. . .. . . . .. .............. . ... . . ... .. . .. . ................ .. ... . ... .. . Curb markets ...... . . . . .. .... . ................ .. ... .... ..... . .................. . . .. . . ... . Farmers' markets ... . . . .. .... .. . ....... ... ...... .. . . ...... . ........ . . ... . . . . ....... . . Stores . . . ............ .... .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . ... . ... .. .. .. . .. ... ... . ... . ..... .. . . . ....... .. . .. . . Others . .. .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . ... . . . ..... . . . . .. . . . . ... . ... .. . .. . . . . . . . .... .. . . .. ... . . . . . .... . 75 2,751 1,298 229 115 1,559 1,173 417 Program Development.-The program was planned and developed by the Specialist in 47 counties, working cooperatively with oth e r staff mem bers, volunteer leaders, home demonstration and 4-H clubs, junior and senior councils and others. The Specialist helped agents train 1,157 different leaders and visited 43 established demonstrations. She judged and evaluated exhibits at seven county fairs, participated in eight club and six council meetings and five radio programs and assisted with other 'problems relating to the home industries and marketing program. A total 6,083 persons, other than Exten s ion Service personnel, were contacted. Home demonstration agent s in 36 counties were assisted with 102 train ing meetings attend e d by 2,149 leaders. Instruction wa s given in making quality products of palmetto, bamboo, coconut fronds and pine needles and in using native greenery for decora tions, improving consumer buying practices when selecting foods, furnish ing s and equipment , making toy s and games from scra ps and gifts from inexpensive materials, improvin g lighting by making l a mps and lamp shades, improving standards , packaging and labeling of home products and learning laws and regulations concernin g marketing of such product s and how to plan, 'prepare and arrange educational exhibits about home demonstration work for use at county fairs, achievement days and other special events. The agents reported training leaders as follows: Number of training meetings in HanicraftsBy agents . . .. . . .. .... . . . . . ................ . .. .... . ... . .. .......... ..... .. ... . . . ... . By leaders ....... . . .. .. . ................ .. .. . .. . .. .. ....................... ... ... . By others ...... . ........................ ....... . . ..................... . ... . .. .. .. . . Marketing-by agents .... . ... . .. . ........ ... . ... . ................. . ... . .. . .. .. .. . Total attendance at leader training meetings ..... . .. . . .. .. . . 438 480 322 31 24,307 Assistance was given to agents, leaders, club members and others at three training m e etings for agents, state-wide conferences, short courses, institutes and other special events. 4-H Club Program.-There were 2,212 4-H Club boys and girls enrolled in home industries, a r ts and crafts and 1,863 completed work on 6,382 article s . A money management demonstration and 4-H handicraft demonstration were developed and carried on in trial countie s . Special training in better buying practices and making h a ndicraft ar ticles was given to approximately 800 4-H Club girls, volunteer leaders and home demonstration agents at short courses and 4-H Club cam'ps.
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76 Florida Cooperative E x tension NEG RO FARM DEMONSTRATION \VORK Joseph A. Gresham, Neg r o District Agent The Agricultural Extension Service program for negro farmers in Florida was conducted by 10 n eg ro agent in Ala c hua, Columbia, Gad sden, Jackson, Jeffer so n, Hamilton, L eon , Madison, MaTion a nd Sumter counties under the s up e1 vision of the egro District Agent. Comm uni ty l eaders, c h urch and sc h ool gro up and b u si n ess, fraternal and c i vic organi zat ion s cooperated to make t h e program a s u ccess. Neg r o E xtens i on programs resulted from meetings and di sc u ssions wit h farm peop l e . Extension specia li sts a nd ot h er agency repr esent ativ e co n trib ut ed tec hni ca l information. P rog r ams were d es i g n e d to s h ow the importance of famili es working a un i ts in so l vi ng farm and h o m e problem s. Specialists assi ted negro county agents with out l ook meetings, li ve st ock s hows, cor n improvement shows, fairs, to ur , fie ld meeting , agent s ' confe rences, 4-H Short Courses, 4-H judgi n g and demonstration teams and c amps . They provided bulletins, pamph l ets and other in for ma tion on new dev e lopm e n ts in t h eir respective field s . Negro agents attended the Agents' Confe r e nc e for n eg ro Extension workers at A. and M. Co ll ege and two district conferences. Th e late st d eve l opments in ag r i cu l ture were presented by spec iali sts and officia l s of t h e Extension Service and ot h er branc h es of a g ricultur e. F i g. 1 5.Thi gro up studies tractor maintenance at the annua l 4-H s h o rt course at Florida A. & M . College.
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Annual Report, 1952 77 Negro Agents.-Negro county agents s pent 1,761 days working with adults and 1,086 days with 4-H Club members and older youths. Tht!y spent 1,840 days in the field visiting 4,602 farms and homes. The agents prepared 215 news stories, distributed 5,146 bulletins, had 7,805 office and 2,385 telephone calls in carrying on the farm program. The year's activities included 79 training meetings with adult local leaders, 108 method demonstrations and 42 result demonstrations with a total at tendance of 3,405. Thirteen tours were conducted by agents, with 587 attending, and 20 achievement days wer e held, with 4,827 present. One agent attended a short cour s e for Extension workers at Cornell University during the summer. Two other agents attended classes at A. and M. College on Saturdays and nights, with permission of the Director. Five agents placed county exhibits at the Florida State Fair in Tampa and eight agents made exhibits for four county fairs during the year. 4-H Club Work.-Nine 4-H encampments were held, with 211 boys attending. Two 4-H fat hog shows were promoted in Jackson and Sumter counties for the second year and a 4-H beef cattle show was held in Gads den County. The State 4-H Corn Improvement Show was h e ld at the North Florida Fair, with boys from seven counties partici'pating. Prizes amounting to $300.00 were made available by the fair association and State Department of Agriculture. Four boys won trips and represented Florida at the Re gional Negro 4-H Club Camp at Tuskegee, Alabama. Florida accepted eight awards for negro 4-H Club boys from the national awards program in 1952. This was the second year that awards were accepted for negro 4-H boys and indicates the increased activity in 4-H work.
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78 Florida Cooperative Extension NEGRO HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK Floy Britt, District Home Demonstration Agent The objective of negro home demonstration agents has been to improve living conditions of Florida negro farm families. Through the guidance of negro home demonstration agents in 12 counties where negro work was supported, outstanding achievements were made toward this objective. In promoting the Extension program, negro home demonstration agents made 4,475 home visits, had 3,283 telephone calls, received 5,783 office calls, published 192 news articles and distributed 9,540 bulletins. As a result of Extension influence, 3,048 families changed home prac tices and 3,955 families made improvement in food production, conservation and preparation. More assistance from Extension specialists was available during the year, which helped agents do a better Extension teaching job. The District Agent took Extension courses during the . summer to increase her efficiency as a supervisor. Home demonstration agents were urged to improve them selves professionally by studying Extension literature and educational maga zines and by obtaining more local data. Through the cooperation of the Madison County School Board, a perma nent office has been provided for the negro home demonstration agent in Madison County. Dade County's Board of Commissioners provided a complete office space for the Negro Home Demonstration Agent, including an office, work room, storage room, reception room and lavatory. These facilities will enable the agent to improve the work generally, meet growing demands and in crease the effectiveness of the program. Adult Programs.-The negro Extension program was designed to in crease and conserve food supplies, provide more convenient and attractive homes and clothing, improve health practices and family recreational facili ties and teach families to spend their incomes more wisely. Agents reported that 78 adult clubs were organized in 1952, with an enrollment of 1,434 members. Seventy-three adult training meetings, 444 method demonstration meetngs and 16 achievement days were held, with 1,050, 4,360, 11,124 attending, res ' pectively. Twelve home-makers through the guidance of the home demonstration agents set up a creditable exhibit at the Florida State Fair, and 11 agents dis'played creditable achievement exhibits in their various counties. 4-H Activities.-Negro agents organized 131 girls' 4-H Clubs, with 3,487 enrolled. Four-H girls enlisted for 13,016 projects and completed 10,363, or over 79%. In addition, agents held 64 training meetings, 601 method dem onstration meetings, 13 tours and 16 achievement days. The total attendance at achievement days was 9,507. Four summer camps were held, with 354 girls and 29 leaders from 12 counties attending. At the Short Course in Tallahassee 219 girls attended. Four girls were selected to attend Regional Camp and one girl won the Chicago Defender Scholarship. Seven 4-H Club girls won honors in the 1952 State Awards Program. This activity is creating more . interest in 4-H Club work in general. For the last two years this has been a means of getting girls to keep better records of their projects. 4-H girls demonstration teams from 11 counties gave creditable team demonstrations at the Florida State Fair.
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Annual Report, 1952 79 NEGRO STATISTICAL REPORT, MEN AND WOMEN Data from Negro County Home Demonstration Agents' Reports GENERAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS Months of Service (agents and assistants) ........... . .. . .. .. ............ . ........... . Days of Service: In office-2,262; In field-3,964 ... .. ... '. ............. ... .......... . Farm or home visits made .. . ... . . . . . ....... . .... ... .. .... .......... . . . ........... . . . . .. ........... . Different farms or homes visited . ............ .. . . .. . . .. .... .. .... ... .............. . .. ... ....... . Calls relating to Extension work; Office-13,588; Telephone ... ........ . Days devoted to work with 4-H clubs and older youths ....................... . News articles or stories published ...... ... ... .. ............... . .. .. .. . ... .... . ... . . . . ....... . Bulletins distributed ..... ... ...... . ... .. ................. ... ......... . ... ..... . . .. . ..... .... . ............ . Radio talks broadcast or prepared ............ .. ................ . ............... .... ......... . Training meetings held for local leaders or committeemen: 256 6,226 9,077 4,469 5,668 2,920 407 14,686 97 Number ............... . . . ............. . . .. . .. ............ .... ............ .. . .. .. ... . . ........... .. ........... 303 Total attendance of men and women .. . ...... .... .. .. . .. . ... . ....... .. .. . ............. 3,862 Method demonstration meetings: Number ............... . . . .. . ........ . . .. ... . ............. ... . . . . ............ ... .. .. ........... . . ..... ........ 1,260 Total attendance .................. . ................. . ... ... ........ .... .. .. .............. .. ........... 20,599 Tours conducted . 55 Achievement days held for 4-H, older youth, and adult work ..... .. . ... . 52 4-H camps Boys attending ............................................................................. . . .. ........ . Girls attending ............................................................................. . ........... . SUMMARY OF EXTENSION INFLUENCE 211 354 Total number of farms................. . .............. . . .. ................................... . . . .......... 7,506 Farms on which changes in practices have resulted from agricultural program . . .. . .... . ... .. . ... ...... ..... .. . ..... ... ......... . .... . ........ . ... . ................. . ............. 2,062 Farms in which changes in practices have resulted from agricultural program for the first time this year ... .. ................................. .. ............ 786 Non-farm families making changes in practices as result of home demonstrations and the agricultural programs ............. .' ..... . .... .. . . .... 1,842 Farm homes in which changes in practices have resulted from demonstration program .............. . .................. .... ............. . ............................... 1,610 Farm homes in which changes in practices resulted from home demonstration and agricultural program this year ................................ 1,203 Non-farm families making changes in 'practices as a result of home demonstration program ...... .... ................. . ................. . ................ .. ,........... 1,438 Non-farm families making changes in practices as a result of home demonstration program for the first time this year ............ . . .. ........ . 346 Fann homes with 4-H club members enrolled .. ...... . . .... . .. . ..... . ... . ............ 2,230 Non-farm families with 4-H club members enrolled .. .. . ............. ....... ....... 1,246 Different farm families influenced by some phase of Extension program . ............................ .. ... ... ................................................................. 3,22,1 Other families influenced by some phase of Extension program ... . .... 1,963 COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL PLANNING Total number 6f communities in counties .. . ..... ... . . . ... ... . . . .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . ...... .. . . 274 Number of communities in which the Extension program has been planned cooperatively ......... ... . . ................................... :............................ 176
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80 Florida Cooperative Extension SUMMARY OF 4-H CLUB PROJECTS 4-H Membership Boys: Farm-2,156; non-farm-351; total ....................................... . Girls: Farm-2,190; non-farm-1,297; total ... .... ................. ... ..... . .. . Number clubs ................................................................................................... . Number enrolled ..... . ......... . ....... .. ........ ... ............... ... ...... . .................. . ....... .. .. . Number completing ... . .... .... ........................... .... ... ....... ... . . ... .. .. . . . ............ . ...... . Projects completed by boys .. ... ........................ ... ...... ... ................ .... ..... .. . . Projects completed by girls ..... . . .. ..... .. . .. . . .. ............... .... ...... .... .... .. ...... .... . . Boys completing corn and peanut projects ..... ... .............. .... ....... . ........... . Boys completing fruit projects ................ .. ............................................... . Boys completing garden 'projects . . ........ ... .... . . .. ...... .. . . ............................ . Boys completing market gardens, truck and canning crops ............... . Boys completing cotton and tobacco projects ......... . ...... .. ............... . . . ... . Boys completing poultry projects . ... ..... ... ......................... ..... ..... .... .... ... . . Boys completing 'potato (Irish and sweet) projects ..... .. ..... . . ... ...... .... . Boys completing beef cattle and swine projects ............. ..... .... .. ........ .. . . Girls completing fruit 'projects ......... . . . ......................................... .. ....... .. . . Girls completing garden projects ............................. ... .... : ............ . ........... . Girls completing market gardens, truck and canning crops ............. . Girls completing dairy projects .............. . ....... ..... .............. ... ............... . ... . Girls com'pleting poultry projects . . ........ .. ....... .. . .. ........................ .... ... . . .. . Girls completing food selection and preparation projects ................. . Girls completing health, home nursing and first-aid projects ........... . Girls completing clothing, home management, home furnishing and room improvement projects ........ . ................ ..... .... .. ................. . ........... . Girls completing food preservation projects . ..................... . ........ . . : ......... . 4-H clubs engaging in community activities such as improving school grounds and conducting local fairs : DAYS DEVOTED TO SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS BY EXTENSION AGENTS 2,507 3,487 233 5,994 4,801 3,623 10,363 . 677 98 621 67 275 313 228 443 182 726 128 116 513 1,258 725 3,173 916 131 CROP PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK, DAIRYING, POULTRY Days devoted to: Corn ................................... . . . Other cereals ......... ... ...... . .. . Legumes ...... .. ................. .... . Pastures ..... ....... .. . . .. ........ .. . . Cotton ................................. . Tobacco ..... . .. . .. . . .. .. ... .. . .... ... . . Potatoes and other vegetables ....... . ........ . ............ . Fruits ................................. . Other crops ....................... . CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Days devoted to: Soil and water . . .... ... ........ . . . Forestry ................ . ....... ... .. . Wildlife ................ : . . .......... . 157 10 122 121 63 106 170 75 47 64 58 52 Days devoted to: Dairy cattle ........... .. ...... ... .. 116 Beef cattle ... .... ..... . ......... .. .. 96 Swine... . .. .. ..... ... ...... ..... . . .. . . .. . 141 Horses and Mules ............ 23 Poultry (including turkeys) .... ... .... ...... . ............ 181 Other livestock ...... ... ......... 12 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Days devoted to: House plans, construction water systems, heating, etc ..... . .. .... .. ... ..... .. ...... . ... . Rural electrification ....... .. . Farm buildings .. : ............ . . . Farm mechanical equipment ................... .. ...... .... . 23 122 64 46
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Annual Report, 1952 HOME MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT, FAMILY ECONOMICS, NUTRITION AND HEALTH Days devoted to: House, furnishings a n d surroundings . .. . ............ 336 Home management .. ......... . 169 Clothin g and textiles ...... . . 356 Family relationship s ........ 123 Recreation and community life .. ... : ........ ... .. . .............. 162 Home production of family food supply ... ... .. . .. . ........ 444 Food preservation and storage ............ .. ............ 379 Food selection and '.[)reparation . . .. . ..... .. . . .. .... ........ 280 Other health and safety work. ... ......... . .. .. . . ............ 198 FARM MANAGEMENT Days devoted to: Farm accounts, etc. .......... 75 Individual farm planning, etc. . . .. ... . .... . .. . . .. . . .. ........... 109 Farm credit ........ . . .. ............ 40 Outlook information .......... 60 GENERAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE Day s devoted to: Price and trade policies .... Land policy and programs Public finance and service Rural welfare .. . .... . . .... ...... . MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION Days devoted to: General .. . ............................ . Grain and Hay ... . .. .. ......... . Livestock . . . .... . ... . . .. . . . . ........ . Dairy products .. ..... .......... . Poultry and eggs . ............ . Fruits and vegetables ..... . Cotton . .... . . ... . .... . ... . . .. .......... . Forest products . . . ... .... . . . .... . Other commodities ........... . Home products and crafts .. .. ........ . . . ...... . ..... . . . Purcha s ing of farm and home supplies and equipment ........ . .. . ..... , ... . 81 13 8 19 60 75 77 84 60 135 118 34 25 77 54 70
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82 Florida Cooperative Extension INDEX Agricultural economics, 13, 21 Agricultural engineering, 14, 25, 80 Agricultural outlook work, 21 Agronomy, 32 Animal husbandry, 34 Apiculture, 36 Arnett, Cleo M., 62 Barrus, Edith Y., 57 Beale, Clyde, 15 Beef cattle marketing, 24 Beekeeping, 36 Bevis, Joyce, 57 Breeders conference, poultry, 51 Britt, Floy, 78 Broiler management, 49 Brown, W. W., 38 Budwood certification, 42 Buildings, farm, 25 Bulletins, 15 Busby, Joe N., 11 Cake, E. W., 11, 23 Camps , 39 Cannon, Frances C., 11, 69 Carter, Bonnie J., 19, 70 Catalpa plantings, 47 Cattle, 34 marketing, 24 Cedar plantings, 47 Central Flor:da Exposition, 45 Cereals, 33 Circulars, 15 Citrus, 23 budwood certification, 42 clinics, 42 culture, 41 demonstrations, 42 4-H work, 41 grove management, 22 institutes, 42 marketing, 23 schools, 42 tours, 42 training programs, 41 Clayton, H. G., 7, 9, 20 Clothing, 60 Conservation, 52 district activities, 52 district organization, 53 farm and ranch plans, 52 food, 64 natural resources, 13, 80 Consumer education, 71, 73 Cooper , J. Francis, 15 Cooperative contest, 24 planning, 12, 79 Corn, 32, 33 Cotton, 33 Council, 4-H boys, 39 4-H girls, 67 County agents, training, vegetables, 55 supervision, 20 work coordination, 30 Cromartie, Alice L., 64 Crop drier, 28 production, 13, 80 Cultural programs, 61 Dairy breeding program, 44 , calf care, increase, 44 cow averages, 43 feeding, management, 44 4-H champion team, 46 herd improvement, 43 home milk supply, 44 husbandry, 43 marketing, 24 official cow testing, 44 orgnizational cooperation, 46 Dairying, 13, 80 DHIA, 43 Districts agents, 20 Districts, soil, 53 Director's report, 7 Drainage, 28 Economic problems, 13, 81 Editorial, 15, 61 Educational programs, 61 Eggs, marketing, 24 Egg-Laying Test, 50 Electrification, 29 Elkins, Bronna Mae, 11, 67 Engineering, agricultural, 14, 25, 80 Equipment, electrical, 29 farm, 28 Extension influence summary, 12 Extension teaching methods, 21 Fairs, 37, 39 Family economics, 14 living, 71 Farm electrification, 25, 29 buildings, 26 flashes, 17 housing, 26 journals, 15 machinery, 27
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Annual Report, 1952 83 management, 13, 21, 81 planning, 21 processing facilities, 28 structures, 25 Feeding dairy cows, 44 Federal funds, 8 Field days, 54 Fire prevention, 19 protection, 47 Florida National Egg-Laying Test, 50 Florida Seedsmen's Association, 55 Florida State Fair, 37 Florida State Horticultural Society, 55 Flue-cured tobacco, 33 Food conservation, 64 nutrition, 62 production, 65 selection, preparation, 62 Foreign visitors, training of, 11 Forest demonstration plantings, 48 home use production, 48 planting, 47 Forestry, 47 4-H club activities, 35, 37, 63, 67 Boys' work, 38 camps, 39 cooperative contest, 24 dairy club work, 44 electrification program, 30 forestry club work, 48 girls, 67 girls' short course, 68 health work, 69 home improvement, 72 nutrition, 63 Negro work, 39, 77 poultry work, 50 projects, summary, 12 short course, boys, 39 short course, girls, 68 special events, 39 teaching methods, 39 vegetable short course, 55 Goen, 0. F., 34 Grazing crops, temporary, 32 Gresham, Joseph A., 76 Griffith, L. Odell, 15 Grove management, 22 Hamilton, H. G., 21 Hampson, C. M., 21 Hay drier, 28 Haynie, John D., 36 Health and nutrition, 62 , education, 69 agency cooperation, 69 4-H club work, 69 leadership training, 69 Henderson, J. R., 32 Hogs, 34 Holstein, Helen D., 11, 65 Holloway, Ethyl, 57 Home demonstration work, 57 clothing, textiles, 60 consumer information, 71, 73 editorial, visual aids, 61 electrical equipment, 30 family living, 71 financing, 57 food products, 75 4-H work, 67, 71 housing, 70 improvement, 70 industries and marketing, 73 negro, 78 organization and supervision, 57 personnel, 57 personnel training, 58 planning, 21 'program development, 59, 75 Home electrical equipment, 30 Home management, 14 milk supply, 44 Honey jelly, 37 marketing, 24 Horticultural Society, 55 Housing, 26, 70 Irrigation, drainage, 28 Jamison, Frank S., 11, 54 Johnson, John M., 25 Joiner, Jasper N., 15 Journal Series, 15 Kendall, Gladys, 73 Land clearing demonstration, 21, 28 Layer management, 49 Lawrence, Fred P., 41 Leadership, 4-H, 68 Legumes, 33 Lemmon, Ruth S., 11 Lighting, 29 Livestock, 13, 80 Machinery, farm, 27 Marketing, 21, 23, 24, 81 home, 73 vegetable, 54, 56 McLendon, H. S., 52 McMullen, K. S., 20 Meal planning, 62
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84 Florida Cooperative Extension Meetings, agronomy, 32 Mehrhof, N. R., 49 Milk, 44 Montelaro, James, 11, 54 Moore, J. S., 49 Murphree, C. E., 11, 21 Myers, F. E., 54 National Egg-Laying Test, 50 Negro activities, 78 adult programs, 78 agents, 77 extension summary, 79 farm demonstrati
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