|
July 1961
Agricultural Economics Mimeo Report No. 62-3
INDEX NUMBERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
IN FLORIDA, 1910-60
by
A. H. Spurlock
Agricultural Economist
Index
175 -
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 1.--Volume of Agricultural Production and Yield in Florida, 1910-1.960 .,e
(1947-49 = 100) '.
Department of Agricultural Economics / ,
Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations. '
Gainesville, Florida
?-' ^ *'
9("
INDEX NUMBERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
IN FLORIDA, 1910-1960.
Contents
Page
Introduction .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. 1
Volume of Production . . . 1
Production and Farm Population ............ 16
Production in Florida and the United States ...... 17
Production Per Unit, or Yield of Crops and Livestock 20
introduction
Index numbers of Florida agricultural production volume from 1910 to 1960
have been prepared using the period 1947-49 as a base for comparison of changes.
Previously a similar series was computed on the 1935-39 base.1 Since many other
indexes with which agricultural production might be compared now use the years
1947 to 1949 as a base; the Florida index has been revised using the later period.
Some changes have been made in the weighting system used and the new index in-
corporates the latest revisions of prior years' estimates of production and yield.
Several products have been added which were previously omitted for lack of data.
In a changing economy production trends of various crops and livestock enter-
prises move in divergent directions. Within a generation some commodities have gone
out of production while others have had rapid increases, and new crops have been
introduced. These shifting trends are due to many things such as changing demand
with resultant price changes, competition from other areas and other commodities,
mechanization and changing technology.
The purpose of the index numbers presented here is to measure the individual
and composite changes that have occurred in Florida's production of crops and
livestock over a period of years. Since index numbers are expressed as percentages
of the base period, they facilitate direct comparisons between unrelated groups such
as meat animals and vegetables.
Volume of Production
The farm production index measures the volume of farm output when it is
produced or harvested rather than when it is marketed. It is possible with some
crops or livestock to carry over a portion of the production to another year, and
to market within a given year either more or less than was produced.
1Circular S-88, Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, Florida. Sept. 1955.
-2-
The total production of each crop or livestock product is the combined result
of all factors affecting output An increase in production of a given crop may be due
to increased acreage, more fertilizer, a better pest control program or a combination of
improved farming practices and weather. Crop production and livestock production
indexes are shown separately, and then combined into a single farm output index repre-
senting production for eventual human use.
All data on production and prices used, with a few exceptions, were obtained
from reports of the Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Agricultural Marketing Service,
U. S Department of Agriculture. The exceptions will be noted when no data were
available. Historical records of production of most of the important Florida crops and
livestock are, in general, adequate since 1924. Production data for most general crops,
citrus and milk, go back to 1910 or earlier, most vegetables to 1918, tobacco to 1919,
meat animals and poultry to 1924. For a few commodities production data were estimated
in early years by using the census of 1910 and 1920 and from the trend of official estimates
after they became available.
Most crop and livestock estimates are now prepared on a calendar year basis.
Vegetable crops are arranged by harvesting seasons to approach a calendar year's
production When production of a crop spreads over a part of two calendar years the
total production was considered as being in the latter year. Thus 1959-60 production of
a crop, as oranges, would be entered in 1960. Farm production data exclude quantities
of crops not harvested for any reason.
The volume-of-production index does not indicate disposition of products. A
part of the production represented in the index is used on farms where produced, for
livestock feed, seed and hatching eggs. The index of crop production and of livestock
production are indexes of gross production. Before combining into an index of net farm
output, deductions were made for feed, other than pasture, 2 some seed and hatching eggs
to avoid double-counting of some products in crops and again in livestock as feed. These
adjustments are imperfect because of lack of complete data for this purpose. However,
the combined index is not greatly different with or without the adjustment for feed and
seed.
The index is calculated by the weighted aggregative method using the formula:
E POQ1
1= where I represents the index number for a given year; PO the
PoQo
average price of a commodity in the base period, 1947-49; Q1 the quantity produced in
the current year and Q0 the quantity produced during the base period.
2Factors used in estimating feed, other than pasture, consumed by various classes
of livestock were the Southest averages 1947-49 from Statistical Bulletin No. 273. Index
Numbers of Agricultural Production by Regions, 1939-58. Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. D. A. Page 25.
The quantities of each product produced each year are multiplied by fixed
prices as weights. These price-quantity aggregates are then summed and expre-sed as
percentages of the average price-quantity aggregate in the base period 1947-49.
Since price is held constant and production fluctuates, changes in the index represent
percentage changes from the base period in production.
Two separate periods were used for weights in constructing the index. For the
years 1940 and later, 1947-49 average prices were used as weights. For the years,
prit to 1940, 1935-39, average prices were used for weights. The indexes calculated
using 1935-39 price-weights then were converted to the 1947-49 base by a factor de-
rived from the relation of the 2 indexes where they lapped in 1940.
The commodities included in the index of Florida's agricultural production
volume are shown in Table 1, together with the group weights indicating relative
importance in the total index during three periods. The production of each group
v-'as weighted by one set of prices during 1935-39, and by another in 1947-49 and
1960. However, most of the change between periods was due to production.
Crops declined each period from 75.1 percent of the total farm production in
1935-39 to 69.3 percent in 1960. The 2 largest groups of crops, citrus and vegetables,
also declined proportionately. Livestock and livestock products increased in relative
production from 24.9 percent of the total in 1935-39 to 30.7 percent in 1960. Most
of this increase was due to meat animals which increased from 7.7 percent of all
products in 1935-39 to 13.2 percentin 1960. Poultry products also had an increase
but milk production declined somewhat in relative production.
Annual index numbers of Florida's farm production volume, 1910-,1960 are
shown in Table 2. Individual products are arranged in related groups as nearly as
possible and a group total is shown. There are a number of agricultural products
omitted from the production index because satisfactory data on the quantity of
production either were lacking or were available for only a few years. The most im-
portant of these omissions were nursery and greenhouse products, forestry products
and certain vegetables--carrots, radishes, broccoli and greens.
The total index of farm output volume of crops and livestock increased by 66
percent above the average rate during 1947-49 by.1960. The index was 166 in 1960,
or more than 7 times the total in 1910, and 4 times the total in 1924 (Fig. 1). Since
about 1940 the increase in production has been rapid and steady, except for the
years around the heavy freezes of 1957-58 when crop production was sharply curtailed.
From 1910 to 1960 combined production of crops and livestock increased at the
average rate of 4.1 percent per year; from 1910 to 1940 the rate of increase was 3.8
percent per year and from 1940 to 1960 4.7 percent per year.
All crop production had increased in 1960 by 52 percent above the 1947-49
average (Fig. 2). The average yearly rate of increase from 1910-1960 was 3.9
percent; from 1940 to 1960 the rate was 4.2 percent.
TABLE 1 .--Commodities Included in Index of Volume of Agricultural Production 1947-49,
and Weight Distribution in 3 Periods. r
Relative Group Weight
1935-39 1947-49 1960
Group Products Included ------------Percent----------
Citrus Oranges, Tangerines, Grapefruit,
Limes 29.1 26.6 26.3
Other Fruits
and Nuts Peaches, Pears, Pineapples, Avocados,
Pecans .5 .4 .7
Vegetables Lima beans, Snap beans fresh and
processed, Cabbage, Cantaloupes,
Cauliflowers, Celery, Sweet Corn,
Cucumbers, Eggplants, Escarole and
Chicory, Lettuce, English peas, Green
Peppers, Irish potatoes, Squash, Straw-
berries, Tomatoes fresh and processed,
Watermelons. 28.9 27.1 24.9
Grains Corn, Oats 4.7 3.4 4.2
Hay All Hay .5 .4 : .4
Cotton and
Cotton Seed Cotton lint, Cotton seed 1.4 .7 .7
Tobacco Types 14, 56, 62 3.3 4.8 4.2
Other Crops Sweet potatoes, Peanuts picked and
threshed, and hogged, Soybeans for
beans, Cowpeas for peas, Velvet beans -
harvested, Lupine seed, Tung nuts,
Sugar cane for sugar and for syrup. 6.7 6.9 7.9
Total Crops 75.1 70.3 69.3
Meat Animals Cattle and Calves, Hogs, Sheep and
Lambs 7.7 11.3 13.2
Dairy Products Whole milk 11.0 10.4 9.9
Poultry Products Chickens, Eggs, Broilers, Turkeys 6.2 7.5 7.0
Other Livestock Wool, Honey, Wax .5 .6
Total Livestock and Products 24.9 29.7 30.7
Total All Products 100.0 100.0 100.0
* Less than .05 percent.
-5-
TABLE 2.--Index Numbers of Volume of Agricultural Production in Florida, 1910-1960, (1947-49=-100)
Citrus Fruits Other Fruits and Nuts
Tan- Grape- Total Pine- Avo- Total Other
Year Oranges gerines fruit Limes Citrus Peaches Pears apples cados PecansFruit and Nuts
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
9
6
7
12
11
14
12
10
7
11
13
15
14
18
23
18
17
18
15
27
16
30
22
26
28
28
28
34
42
53
45
51
48
66
82
76
88
93
103
103
104
119
139
128
162
156
161
165
146
152
162
12
18
14
19
14
23
18
23
22
38
22
62
51
49
51
51
54
77
59
87
62
69
54
108
92
99
108
100
87
113
128
118
105
126
115
126
115
118
54
110
69
4
4
7
8
8
8
S9
.7
12
21
20
23
27
30
31
27
30
26
39
29
55
37
41
38
53
40
63
51
81
56
86
67
95
108
78
112
92
102
105
85
116
115
114
142
122
134
131
109
123
107
16
14
18
19
22
20
17
7
0
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
7
25
39
53
53
44
83
97
106
139
111
94
94
111
144
156
144
178
206
211
222
222
194
111
178
8
6
6
10
10
12
10
9
7
11
15
17-
16
20
25
21
19
21
18
30
19
36
26
30
31
34
32
42
45
61
48
59
53
75
88
78
94
94
102
104
101
119
132
125
155
148
153
155
133
143
145
300
206
298
173
288
262
169
173
361
258
251
239
183
169
211
185
176
.92
140
115
126
161
47
99
119
98
140
84
182
103
227
147
194
99
180
168
168
112
161
28
24
42
31
31
21
9
91
51
42
32
60
54
27
21
57
25
15
24
34
22
36
36
36
27
31
30
37
55
47
30
85
47
92
53
92
41
109
92
112
59
124
110
123
115
127
58
41
36
47
30
21
21
1985
927
706
419
331
265
265
176
110
176
199
199
552
331
265
221
176
265
110
66
331
221
441
88
101
110
143
254
419
618
552
176
199
165
44
12
18
24
40
63
58
29
17
58
61
63
25
36
61
133
167
92
46
66
89
144
159
187
251
306
326
392
312
427
118
231
52
- '
35
13
35
25
46
38
55
44
33
58
29
33
68
23
44
40
58
76
72
104
101
103
135
133
131
148
114
119
77
133
91
120
153
125
211
74
316
116
70
75
101
87
38*
27*
33*
23*
35*
33*
24*
24*
43*
35
25
34
27
33
59
51
43
28
41
32
37
57
35
56
60
50
66
68
93
81
84
93
106
120
158
111
99
80
116
104
120
146
164
221
172
287
174
202
78
133
55
TABLE 2.--Continued
Vegetables
Lima Snap Canta- Caull- Sweet Cucum- Egg- Escarole and
Year beans beans Cabbage loupes flower Celery Corn ber plant Chicory Lettuce
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
31
31
29
36
78
139
84
77
84
86
90
106
134
91
107
102
91
72
62
59
59
54
44
44
36
27
34
19
15
17
23
31
25
32
19
33
25
50
61
71
63
97
92
87
85
79
112
103
109
95
101
97
120
95
63
95
92
113
109
95
105
89
104
119
104
87
70
77
81
44
24
57
29
72
15
38
27
20
13
15
35
23
37
20
33
39
26
33
28
55
50
102
54
82
77
109
97
90
72
113
115
117
144
142
117
103
128
137
101
91
111
128
88
78
83
78
112
68
68
38
40
65
49
47
40
15
19
32
25
15
15
21
68
46
40
34
47
34
44
27
25
101
123
76
133
123
154
112
140
195
245
106
137
161
137
123
125
100
75
125
277
268
373
352
277
295
341
214
77
95
100
21
23
25
36
37
46
52
57
39
54
60
65
72
65
"60
53
64
57
59
72
70
76
78
87
89
86
94
111
127
95
97
108
128
137
146
131
139
141
136
133
111
133
142
66
234
407
432
590
607
722
828
965
742
721
842
836
-
-
-
-m
-
m
m
-m
234
407
432
590
607
722
828
965
742
721
842
836
39
52
36
45
73
60
62
76
58
62
44
69
41
52
24
25
25
29
22
23
54
45
71
61
52
32
21
64
84
80
110
109
131
154
164
185
171
180
184
198
156
154
146
75
61
86
64
72
35
44
38
68
67
46
58
69
54
35
56
54
83
71
44
96
76
74
112
120
152
93
98
109
108
94
135
126
126
123
136
136
93
129
120
27
46
44
48
30
53
58
37
45
53
60
58
69
49
63
69
71
91
100
88
104
108
140
153
196
174
181
220
209
223
215
238
229
331
238
351
378
388
394
353
296
97
124
133
157
96
143
77
108
100
73
57
57
64
69
139
87
83
87
83
77
114
93
73
133
161
185
178
200
210
271
261
214
132
115
137
TABLE 2.--Continued
Vegetables Hay
Processed
English Green Irish Straw- Toma- Water- Snap Toma- Total All
Year Peas Pepper-.Potatoes Squash berries toes melons Beans toes Vegetables Hay
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
'1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
36
36
45
45
73
364
209
236
109
91
182
209
73
327
364
691
1255
1091
1382
845
1518
955
1018
573
673
264
409
291
327
155
100
45
64
64
409
291
327
i55
40
38
51
42
44
31
48
52
60
63
62
61
81
45
39
59
54
82
78
54
63
63
68
81
101
95
75
107
118
135
123
122
127
135
160
165
144
90
141
165
19
21
26
31
33
29
29
66
79
44
54
40
73
47
62
70
69
74
98
67
63
92
39
60
88
64
68
100
113
95
110
82
101
91
84
129
153
79
90
131
137
154
187
242
238
248
276
288
228
191
185
133
167
187
182
149
157
165
214
222
195
176
174
239
i
i
i
I
i
-i
I
m
-m
-m
i
m
-
-I
m
133
167
187
182
-49
157
165
-21
222
195
176
174
239
42
38
54
54
75
146
117
125
83
120
96
228
246
273
257
323
280
217
200
238
219
319
210
160
146
65
41
61
93
130
79
91
176
146
111
94
68
121
122
69
30
38
83
36
52
41
50
82
81
73
57
36
78
70
62
56
43
60
61
76
72
62
60
111
122
71
64
74
48
74
84
93
68
84
148
162
164
195
172
187
269
253
229
138
199
179
29 -
37 -
78 -
53 -
111 -
41 -
53 -
63 -
83 -
67 -
73
89
72
78 -
44
38 -
32 3
50 3
34 1
42 4
48 4
41 .3
52 3
53 8
55 184
31 396
59 194
78 232
81 167
87 96
105 81
108 123
114 127
138 115
167 113
211 221
229 255
221 166
251 163
198 188
237 159
150 147
222 158
-
153
84
76
119
74
44
48
215
59
89
65
47
88
78
135
148
306
276
264
301
485
453
374
253
343
319
20*
22*
23*
24*
25*
27*
27*
29*
30
31
34
38
56
52
51
51
38
53
52
60
58
61
52
63
68
61
59
62
88
89
81
72
81
70
82
93
97
80
95
125
141
146
164
162
171
203
204
184
141
161
165
96
99
99
109
109
116
124
131
137
141
119
133
91
119
83
73
76
80
77
73
73
81
57.
57
83
74
73
74
100
77
100
91
103
94
91
101
86
96
110
94
100
139
130
180
197
223
286
280
313
290
304
TABLE 2.--Continued
Grains Cotton and Cottonseed Tobacco
Total
Total Cotton-Cotton and Type Type Type Total
Year Corn Oats Grains Cotton seed Cottonseed j14' 56 62 Tobacco
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
104
101
85
102
105
111
119
121
130
132
125
148
128
99
104
119
118
'92
102
101
85
89
91
88
90
113
99
105
112
85
121
104
112
123
109
98
93
107
90
103
123
151
142
141
170
175
192
215
234
234
241
153
141
130
118
96
111
85
62
79
63
49
43
41
34
41
27
37
31
31
39
21
23
28
32
37
38
38
34
42
44
58
82
193
247
197
164
109
26
44
96
296
292
181
210
175
169
222
192
206
105
102
86
102
104
111
117
118
127
129
122
143
124
96
101
115
114
89
99
97
82
87
88
85
87
110
96
102
108
83
117
101
109
121
112
105
98
110
90"
99
120
149
149
161-
142
172
175
191
215
232
239
419
593
384
426
586
356
307
286
216
126
140
84
195
98
147
300
251
126
154
230
391
335
126
195
195
216
216
279
181
77
147
119
112
112
91
"56
42
77
105
119
98
230
216
188
174
172
94
70
63
94
115
476
671
424
476
671
406
353
318
247
141
159
88
212
106
159
335
282
141
176
265
459
388
141
229
229
247
247
335
212
88
176
141
124
124
106
53
35
71
106
124
106
247
229
194
191
185
99
76
67
101
122
427
604
389
433
598
363
313
290
221
128
142
84
198
99
148
305
256
128
157
235
400
342
128
200
200
221
221
287
186
78
151
122
113
113
93
56
41
76
105
119
99
233
218
189-
177
174
95
71
64
95
116
9
16
12
20
22
25
29
22
6
18
17
30
36
71
79
103
59
41
56
59
85
86
96
116
83
101
91
135
129
113
139
149
108
77
82
97
110
M
143
463
857
789
1857
643
900
237
100
133
150
200
100
-i
-
i
-m
-
-
-
-
-
-
-i
-
-
-
i
-
-
-
-m
143
O
-
-
i
i
-
-m
i
-m
78
'72
57
72
80
56
39
51
67
79
87
76
63
47
24
34
45
49
45
65
51
78
73
71
70
70
67
71
82
101
118
119
129
109
82
124
129
132
137
117
144
169
23*
16*
27*
26*
27*
26*
19*
29*
35*
39
36
29
33
39
33
30
33
45
51
57
54
43
25
22
26
40
44
64
79
86
73
60
66
65
77
76
82
98
92
110
106
131
118
96
131
138
121
109
101
122
141
TABLE 2.--Continued
Other Crops
Sweet Peanuts Soybeans Cow- Velvet Sugar Cane Total
Pota- Picked for "T.ng peas for Beans for Sugar and Lupine'Other
Year tees Threshed Hog'd Beans Nuts Peas Harvested Syrup Seed Seed Crops
1910 238 12 26 169 4
1911 261 14 34 166 -
1912 278 13 38 175 4
1913 272 15 46 189 50
1914 190 16 50 2 45*
1915 209 19 48 185 47
1916 215 25 60 109 47*
1917 298 55 80 151 67*
1918 310 59 96 157 72
1919 333 54 93 169 73*
1920 310 58 98 157 73*
1921 264 54 93 133 67*
1922 227 39 74 158 58*
1923 244 35 66 115 53*
1924 238 41 79 352 227 92 58
1925 248 34 76 235 204 113 56
1926 255 32 79 411 219 116 58
1927 252 35 74 470 300 98 59
1928 229 41 78 313 262 116 2 60
1929 246 46 84 444 223 124 20 69
1930 184 39 72 431 169 93 34 62
1931 199 46 89 522 223 101 28 69
1932 211 35 67 496 231 120 41 68
1933 184 38 80 411 242 123 46 72
1934 201 46 82 548 269 146 41 77
1935 217 56 95 417 269 182 47 87
1936 167 68 105 294 192 146 56 87
1937 175 57 82 411 219 128 63 82
1938 189 82 124 313 219 143 86 107
1939 142 55 79 4 196 135 105 70 76
1940 121 100 '135 32 261 227 76 91 108
1941 170 84 130 15 294 250 119 92 110
1942 151 96 115 25 294 204 135 63 99
1943 184 109 132 5 235 238 139 67 111
1944 156 91 114 47 117 173 164 77 102
1945 121 96 101 56 144 142 130 101 101
1946 119 68 71 101 104 112 116 101 86
1947 138 101 105 74 98 115 124 91 145 103
1948 86 124 105 117 98 81 104 99 87 106
1949 76 75 90 300 109 104 104 72 110 68 91
1950 62 89 102 332 55 91 108 48 114 157 96
1951 45 82 109 360 82 91 65 44 122 109 96
1952 39 73 115 600 208 91 46 20 144 108 103
1953 52 82 120 630 191 104 38 37 139 75 106
1954 38 65 102 870 145 104 38 25 121 34 89
1955 40 90 56 1980 42 104 46 55 113 42 84
1956 27 88 61 1870 111 38 103 26 79
1957 25 67 47 2587 107 35 132 11 79
1958 18 85 56 2875 235 27 124 12 89
1959 18 64 45 2645 195 27 170 8 90
1960 15 84 55 2580 27 23 171 5 92
-10-
TABLE 2.-Continued
Meat Animals Dairy Poultry
Total Cattle Sheep Total
All and and Meat Whole Total
Year Crops Calves Hogs Lambs Animals Milk Chickens Eggs Broilers Turkeys Poultry
1910 23* 23* 25 22
1911 23* 24 23 -- 23
1912 22* 26* 25 24*
1913 26* 27* 24 26*
1914 24* 28* 23 27*
1915 28* 30* 23 29*
1916 27* 32* 24 30*
1917 29* 33* 26 31
1918 28* 36* 25 33*
1919 31* 36* 25 34*
1920 33* 38* 27 35*
1921 36* 39* 27 37*
1922 41* 41* 34 38*
1923 40* 42* 45 40*
1924 43 29 61 636 43 38 56 65 42
1925 42 29 61 793 43 40 56 67 43
1926 36 31 68 401 47 41 64 68 45
1927 41 31 72 424 49 43 73 77 51
1928 40 30 72 503 48 45 57 79 48
1929 51 29 68 173 46 48 62 69 51 47
1930 44 27 68 613 45 46 65 71 58 48
1931 55 28 71 613 47 48 71 66 69 47
1932 44 35 73 581 52 49 61 73 85 49
1933 50 43 74 581 57 50 55 67 93 45
1934 53 40 65 668 51 53 57 61 9 87 45
1935 55 42 66 848 53 56 63 60 12 96 47
1936 53 43 78 715 59 62 72 61 15 101 51
1937 61 46 88 691 65 62 64 66 18 86 52
1938 74 44 105 636 71 62 74 70 22 78 57
1939 80 45 109 691 73 63 78 67 28 80 59
1940 73 47 97 558 69 61 79 69 42 89 65
1941 72 51 105 545 74 72 83 67 53 81 67
1942 73 56 116 374 82 74 105 75 62 78 78
1943 79 65 133 349 95 81 125 85 75 81 91
1944 88 88 126 115 105 85 97 88 63 78 83
1945 87 95 122 245 107 90 109 84 72 93 86
1946 93 106 125 228 114 93 93 85 74 93 84
1947 90 98 100 94 99 96 99 89 92 95 92
1948 99 104 108 101 105 98 98 101 91 93 98
1949 111 98 92 105 96 106 103 110 117 112 110
1950 118 133 94 115 116 115 92 118 131 124 116
1951 130 137 114 118 127 121 100 121 130 136 120
1952 142 191 121 110 160 131 106 129 140 134 128
1953 139 210 104 113 164 147 101 150 153 173 141
1954 153 205 93 148 156 154 95 170 171 188 155
1955 165 216 101 294 166 167 91 171 137 149 144
1956 165 210 110 523 167 191 82 200 178 204 170
1957 157 222 93 448 166 211 84 204 169 255 171
1958 133 232 98 476 174 216 88 239 176 233 191
1959 148 219 109 470 171 238 98 328. 167 375 239
1960 152 196 91 493 150 251 101 349 162 130 .240
-11-
TABLE 2.--Continued
Livestock Products Total Total
Livestock Crops and
Year Wool Honey Beeswax and Products Livestock
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1101
1066
1030
904
797
699
699
608
655
628
628
576
616
584
541
580
568
545
497
490
450
438
454
450
426
415
391
367
355
340
312
288
272
241
193
162
130
130
107
63
47
47
47
47
51
71
71
122
134
134
134
84
89
93
112
99
166
89
88
-
123
176
194
184
196
191
142
188
205
169
153
210
-
I
i
-m
i
i
-I
-
-
I
-
-
m
84
89
93
ll2
99
166
89
86
89
125
124
110
184
104
88
108
175
181
173
183
179
141
209
277
198
170
221
-i
-
-
i
-
-i
-
-
86
89
125
I O
175
181
173
179
141
2O9
24"
24*
25*
26*
26*
27*
29*
30*
31*
31*
33*
34*
38*
44*
42
43
45
48
48
48
47
48
51
52
51
54
59
61
64
66
66
72
78
89
92
96
100
96
101
104
117
124
142
153
155
160
176
184
193
211
209
22*
22*
25*
26*
27*
26*
28*
27*
29
32*
34*
39*
39*
41
41
36
41
40
49
43
52
43
49
52
53
52
59
70
76
70
72
73
80
88
88
94
91
99
110
118
130
141
140
155
165
169
165
147
162
166
*Actual production data not available for some commodities in this group. Trend estimated
from production in succeeding years and by comparison with census data of 1910 and 1920.
-12-
Index
225
200 Livestock and Productsv/
/
175
150
Crops-
125 /
100
75
50
25
0 ,
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 2.--Volume of Production of Crops and of Livestock and Products in Florida, 1910-1960.
(1947-49=100)
Livestock and livestock products increased in production by 109 percent from
1947-49 to 1960 (Fig. 2). The rate of increase from 1910 to 1960 was 4.2 percent;
since about 1940 livestock and products have increased more rapidly by 5.6 percent
per year.
The most rapid increase in production of any of the groups of farm products over
a long period is shown by the citrus group (Fig. 3). Despite the freezes in 1957-58,
citrus production in 1960 was 45 percent above the base period, 1947-49, and was 18
times the quantity produced in 1910. Citrus production increased from 1910 to 1960
by 5.5 percent per year; from 1940 to 1960 the rate of increase was 4.8 percent.
Production of oranges in 1960 was 62 percent above the 1947-49 average, and limes
78 percent above. Grapefruit production was only 7 percent higher than the base
period and tangerine production was 31 percent lower.
Vegetable crops had a volume of production in 1960 of 65 percent above their
1947-49 averages. All the crops in this group showed an increase in production except
-13-
Index
200 r\
I t
I \
I I
175 ;
Vegetable Crops->r,/
150
125 /
I
I
100
75 /
50
I V
25 Citru--
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 3.--Production of Citrus and Vegetable Crops, 1910-1960. (1947-49=100).
lima beans and fresh snap beans which decreased, cauliflower which was unchanged,
and English peas which went out completely. Sweet corn, which began production at
a low volume during the base years, showed the largest change increasing by 736 percent.
Since about 1947 the vegetable crops as a group have increased in production faster than
citrus (Fig. 3). From 1918 to 1960 vegetable crops gained in production by 4.0 percent
per year; from 1940 to 1960 the increase has been at the rate of 4.9'percent.
In 1947 hay production was at the same level as in 1910. In 1960 production was
over 3 times the 1947-49 average. However, hay represents a very small proportion of
crop production in Florida.
The production of grains increased slowly from 1910 to 1921 then turned down-
ward. Production turned upward agrei after 1948, and in 1960 was 2.4 times the
1947-49 level. Grains have benefited from better varieties and from improved cultural
and harvesting machinery (Fig. 4).
The production trend of cotton has been the most erratic of all crops. Formerly,
cotton was much more important in the State's economy than at present. In 1910
-14-
production of cotton and cotton seed was 4.3 times the 1947-49 level, and 3.7 times
the 1960 crop. The effects of the boll weevil, which appeared about 1916, may be
seen clearly in Fig. 4. Since control measures were developed it has been compara-
tively less profitable to produce cotton than other crops.
Index
650
600
550 I
500 Cotton and Cottonseed
450 / i
400 / -
350 \
300 \ \
250
\ 2 / 1 /" I 1 \ /
200 \
150 -- / /
\100-^ T A \
100 Grains/' ** \
50
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 4 --Production of Grains and Cotton and Cottonseed, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100).
Tabacco production in 1960 was 41 percent above the 1947-49 average (Fig.5).
Since 1955 production of flue-cured tobacco (type 14) has beth at lower levels than
formerly and in 1960 was only 10 percent above the 1947-49 average. Shade tobacco
(type 62) is the oldest type grown in Florida, going back to about the turn of the
century. Production of shade-grown tobacco in 1960 was 69 percent above the 1947-49
average. Two other minor types of tobacco (types 45 and 56) have been grown in
Florida but both have now disappeared. From 1919 to 1960 production of all tobacco
increased at an average rate of 3.7 percent annually; from 1940 to 1960 the rate has
been 3.4 percent.
Production of meat animals in 1960 was 50 percent higher than in the base period,
1947-49. Beef cattle and calves accounted for most of the increase. Hogs were 9
percent below the base period in 1960. Production of sheep and lambs in 1960 had
increased to almost 5 times the 1947-49 level, but are still of minor importance.
From 1924 to 1960 the production trend of meat animals increased at an average
annual rate of 4.3 percent; from 1940 to 1960 the rate of increase was 4.2 percent
(Fig. 6).
-15-
Index
150
125
100
75
50
25,
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 5.--Production of Tobacco, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100).
ndex
250
Dairy Products,.
225 /
/
/
200 /
/
I
175
150 /
125
Meat Animals /
100 / .
75 / *'
25 ---
0 -
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 6.--Production of Meat Animals and Dairy Products, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100).
-16-
Production of dairy products in Florida is represented only by whole milk--
the principal product. Milk production in 1960 was 151 percent above the 1947-49
level. Milk production has shown the most steady and consistent increase of any of
the commodities. Production in Florida has tended to follow the population trend
and has been rapidly upward since about 1940 (Fig. 6). From 1910 to 1960 production
increased at the rate of 4.6 percent per year. During the earlier years of this
period, 1910-1940, production increased only 3.2 percent annually, but from 1940
to 1960 the rate was 6.8 percent.
The group of other crops shows no definite production trend because of the
diverse trends of the crops making up this group. Sweet potatoes have declined
steadily for many years. Production volume in 1960 was only 6 percent of the 1910
level. Cowpeas for peas, velvet beans and sugar cane for syrup also have had a
downward trend for many years. Peanut production is lower than during the years
of World War II and immediately afterward. Sugar cane for sugar has increased
steadily since production began in 1928 and in 1960 was 71 percent above the
1947-49 average. Soybeans have increased rapidly since production was first
reported in 1949, but still remain a comparatively small crop.
Poultry products in 1960 had increased to 2.4 times the 1947-49 production.
Chickens were almost unchanged but egg production was 3.5 times the base rate,
and broilers were 62 percent higher. Turkey production in 1960 was 30 percent
above 1947-49. From 1924 to 1960 poultry production increased at an average
rate of 5.0 percent per year. The most rapid change, however, has come in the
last two decades. From 1924 to 1940 all poultry products increased at an average
rate of only 1 .8 percent per year; from 1940 to 1960 the rate of increase has been
6.2 percent (Fig. 7).
Production and Farm Population.--Total population in Florida increased from
753,000 in 1910 to 4,951,560 in 1960, or a growth of 558 percent. Population
has increased more than 78 percent since 1950. Between 1920 and 1950 farm
population decreased from 285,000 to 257,000--a decline of 10 percent (Fig. 8).
Farm population in Florida increased during the depression years, but declined after
the beginning of World War II to 1950. State estimates of farm population prepared
by the USDA are not available since 1950.
Florida farm population and volume of agricultural production are compared
in Figure 9. Despite the decreasing trend of farm population, total production has
continued steadily upward. The striking increase in output per capital of the farm
population is shown in Figure 10. In this illustration the index of total farm
production was divided by the index of farm population. In 1950 production per
capital was 25 percent above the 1947-49 base period average. Number of farm
workers, if data were available, would be a better factor for measuring output,
since by the method shown many nonfarm workers are included, and migratory
labor used in harvesting is excluded.
-17-
Index
250 .
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 7.--Production of Poultry Products, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100)
In Figure 11 the volume of production is compared with the cash receipts from farm
marketing. Sales do not all occur necessarily in the year of production; some
products may be carried over and sold in the next year. The line in Figure 11
representing cash receipts reflects changes in price level as well as in quantities
marketed. In the line tracing the volume of production, price has been held constant
so that the level is affected only by volume changes.
Production in Florida and the United States.--Index numbers of farm production
in Florida were arranged by groups to conform as nearly as possible to similar indexes
in the United States. These two series are compared for the year 1959 in Table 3.
Agricultural production is increasing much faster in Florida than in the United States
as a whole. Since the base period 1947-49 total farm output in 1959 has increased
62 percent in Florida and 26 percent in the United States. All livestock and live-
stock products increased 111 percent in Florida and 30 percent in the United States.
All crops were 48 percent higher than the base period in Florida and 18 percent
above in the United States. Only in crop groups of comparatively minor importance
in Florida (cotton, oil crops, miscellaneous other crops) was the increase in the
United States faster.
-18-
Thousands -18-
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000 Total Population
2500
2000
1500
1000
500Farm Population\
500
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 196
Index Fig. 8.--Total Population and Farm Population in Florida, 1910-1960.
175
150
125 Farm Population%
100 -
75
50 Agricultural Production
25
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 196i
Fig. 9.--Volume of Agricultural Production and Farm Population in Florida, 1910-1960,
(1947-49=100).
-19-
Index
125
100
75
50
25
0 1 I 1 I
1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950
Fig. 10.--Production Per Capita of Florida Farm Popula-
tion, 1920-1950, (1947-49=100).
0 1I I t I
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 11 .--Volume of Agricultural Production and Cash Receipts from Farm Marketings
in Florida, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100).
Index
225
200
175
125
100
-20-
TABLE 3.--Index Numbers of Total Farm Production in Florida and
(1947-49=100)
United States, 1959,
Commodity Group Florida United Statesa
Fruits and Nuts 143 117
Vegetables 158 103
Hay and Forage 290 115
Feed Grains 232 142
Food Grains 93
Cotton and Cotton Seed 95 103
Tobacco 122 89
Sugar Crops 141 135
Oi I Crops 78 161
Other Crops 20-
All Crops 148 118
Meat Animals 171 134
Dairy Products 238 111
Poultry and Eggs 239 150
All Livestock and Products 211 130
Total Farm Output 162 126
aPreliminary. Source: Changes in Farm
Bulletin No. 233, USDA. Revised July 1960.
Production and Efficiency, Statistical
Production Per Unit, or Yield of Crops and Livestock
The index of agricultural production volume presented in Table 2 refers to total
output of crops and livestock, however obtained. As previously pointed out, this is
the net result of all factors affecting production--acreage of crops, number of head
of breeding stock, fertilizer and pesticides practices, varieties and cultural methods.
An increased output, for example, may be due to increased acreage of crops without
any increase in yield per acre.
In order to determine whether output per unit has changed over a period of years,
an index of yield was constructed. First a simple index or relative of production for
each crop and each class of livestock was calculated (Table 2). Then a relative index
of acreage ot each crop and number ot head of breeding stock of each class of animal
was calculated yearly, with 1947-49 as a base. The production relative was then
divided by the acreage relative for the same year to obtain the yield for each crop.
For livestock the number of head of breeding stock on hand January 1, or average
number on hand during the year, was used instead of acreage. Finally the yield
-21-
relatives of each crop or class of livestock were combined into homogeneous groups,
and the groups combined by 1947-49 average-value weights.
If acreage and production move in the same direction at the same rate, yield,
as shown by the index, is unchanged; but if production increases faster than acreage,
an increase in yield is indicated.
Index numbers of acreage and numbers of breeding units of livestock are shown
by groups from 1910 to 1960 in Table 4. Indexes of yield-or production per unit are
shown in Table 5. The base period for these index numbers is 1947-49. The
commodities included in each group are the same as in the production index with
the following exceptions: peaches, pears, avocados, pineapples and tung nuts were
omitted for lack of satisfactory acreage data. Prior to 1924 acreage data on many
crops are lacking and the group index numbers where shown are less reliable because
of fewer crops in the group and because the reported acreages are probably less
reliable than more recent data.
Indexes of yield do not indicate the inputs of various production materials such
as feed, fertilizer and pesticides, but only reflect the output per acre or per head
of livestock.
The yield per unit of all crops and livestock in 1960 was 38 percent higher than
in the base period, 1947-49 (Table 5). The average yield in the last 10 years, 1951-60,
was 32 percent higher than in the preceding 10 years, 1941-50. Yields of crops and
livestock increased by the same amount from 1947-49 to 1960. Since 1924, yields of
both groups have increased steadily upward (Fig. 12).
Index
150
125 ,
Livestock Products, /
100 ,
CA"Cr ops?
75
50
25
1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960
Fig. 12.--Yield of Crops and Production per Breeding Unit of Livestock in
Florida,. 1924-1960, (1947-49=-100).
-22-
TABLE 4.--index Numbers of Crop Acreage and Breeding Units in Florida, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100)
Citrus Vegetables
Fresh
Tan- Grape- Total Lima Snap Canta- Cauli-
Year Oranges gerines fruit Limes Citrus Beans Beans Cabbage loupes flower Celery
1910 -- -
1911 .
1912 -
1913 -- -
1914 -
1915 -
1916 -
1917 -- -
1918 8 61 80 16
1919 14 30 84 15
1920 19 16 30 33 21 11 62 84 16
1921 21 18 36 33 24 11 36 67 21
1922 23 19 41 33 27 19 75 79 26
1923 26 20 45 35 30 24 14 141 30
1924 u 31 21 46 55 34 28 33 66 37
1925 38 26 52 55 41 29 31 35 42
1926 39 32 50 55 41 22 24 36 35
1927 44 42 55 55 41 39 20 56 41
1928 45 52 61 40 49 31 19 86 50
1929 46 62 61 40 50 44 43 56 56
1930 47 65 66 40 53 58 25 56 56
1931 50 77 68 40 56 57 43 23 52
1932 55 92 77 38 62 54 37 19 57
1933 60 94 82 42 67 86 41 37 56
1934 64 97 87 44 71 28 79 71 28 51
1935 67 101 89 46 74 28 90 37 19 50
1936 70 105 80 49 74 34 94 60 19 55
1937 72 106 90 53 78 45 75, 57 28 62
1938 74 106 92 64 80 102 93 63 66 67
1939 76 106 93 73 82 132 86 67 47 62
1940 77 105 94 82 83 117 79 107 47 66
1941 81 103 94 95 85 149 78 67 47 81
1942 84 103 95 133 88 105 57 120 47 .86
1943 88 98 109 126 91 117 41 67 37 81,
1944 90 98 96 119 92 96 98 134 52 92
1945 92 98 97 113 93 102 71 105 47 94 103
1946 95 99 97 106:. 96 143 98 80 75 94 125
1947 96 99 98 99 97 111 104 82 75 113 106
1948 100 100 100 99 100 103 95 112 112 75 107
1949 104 101 102 102 103 86 101 107 112 113 87
1950 107 101 106 104 107 78 99 118 131 150 90
1951 110 94 108 115 109 87 91 127 122 206 96
1952 116 96 113 121 114 62 90 104 141 244 96
1953 120 96 117 130 118 62 78 133 169 263 93
1954 124 98 120 135 122 55 84 105 187 206 98
1955 132 100 127 139 129 55 83 96 178 206 84
1956 136 92 128 146 132 47 76 112 225 ,225 94
1957 141 88 128 150 135 45 69 93 150 169 95
1958 137 76 115 154 128 39 65 104 150 84 106
1959 137 77 115 146 129 32 66 117 169 75 123
1960 145 83 117 135 135 '- 68 120 169 56 105
-23-
TABLE 4.--Continued
Vegetables
Escarole Irish Fresh
Sweet Cucum- Egg- and English Green Pota- Straw- Toma-
Year Corn ber plant Chicory Lettuce Peas Peppers toes Squash berries toes
1910 42 -
1911 42 -
1912 47 -
1913 51 -
1914 55 -
1915 55 -
1916 64 -
1917 97 -
1918 25 128 34 119 29 52
1919 36 130 38 76 28 69
1920 38 169 46 97 37 65
1921 46 41 148 38 23 72 35 59
1922 74 33 152 60 23 114 50 108
1923 79 55 183 287 32 89 88 106
1924 91 45 169 170 25 123 108 143
1925 78 52 164 287 37 97 98 104
1926 49 20 73 97 22 102 69 58
1927 59 36 97 89 40 123 85 97
1928 68 33 12 73 157 38 136 104 110
1929 82 56 17 73 172 54 100 145 118
1930 90 62 15 53 89 76 139 203 114
1931 66 46 29 77 255 69 89 210 85
1932 54 61 24 48 485 72 99 180 81
1933 40 73 24 46 460 75 82 245 84
1934 37 56 24 53 613 69 112 194 111
1935 35 33 22 44 639 59 119 -. 432 82
1936 41 43 24 27 1047 65 122 205 100
1937 43 47 31 39 792 66 152 203 97
1938 48 56 34 44 792 72 150 173 121
1939 54 58 34 48 639 69 130 208 125
1940 58 47 44 97 639 52 123 166 99
1941 64 77 34 121 383 63 128 127 86
1942 69 70 41 169 447 60 119 115 76
1943 45 58 49 121 192 65 130 60 69
1944 41 104 80 119 319 82 138 32 107
1945 65 96 95 68 332 86 148 48 102
1946 80 115 85 87 204 102 167. 65 95
1947 105 104 92 106 172 98 111 111 95
1948 87 104 99 106 82 77 104 97 140 97 84
1949 213 91 98 102 111 51 99 92 160 92 120
1950 413 102 77 123 150 38 132 104 192 125 128
1951 372 102 65 160 160 45 103 103 192 138 144
1952 477 111 76 164 135 98 130 188 90 158
1953 441 132 83 136 160 118 176 179 85 168
1954 533 133 71 153 160 127 139 174 60 167
1955 478 114 76 157 198 127 161 190 78 156
1956 543 114 87 164 208 123 177 202 85 176
1957 619 134 80 194 179 134 230 194 81 174
1958 568 129 86 188 179 106 188 188 46 149
1959 709 107 86 218 155 130 157 195 35 133
1960 607 118 95 211 160 123 158 224 32 110
-24-
TABLE 4.--Continued
Vegetables Grains Hay Cotton
Processed
Water- Snap Total Total All Cotton and
Year melons Beans Tomatoes Vegetables Corn Oats Grains Hay Cottonseed
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
23
31
54
38
76
61
56
44
48
58
69
79
69
62
57
45
46
40
32
39
45
45
47
51
44
25
51
77
93
93
89
117
135
113
143
185
195
175
181
189
189
143
145
4
4
2
5
5
4
4
72
211
304
208
204
152
102
102
96
108
142
141
121
130
129
119
108
101
103
107
179
161
114
143
82
71
71
321
146
S11
71
79
82
114
104
146
277
231
267
277
353
326
295
283
238
202
30
30
37
32
54
50
58
50
39
54
57
64
70
60
58
64
70
72
73
71
82
79
75
75
75
62
89
88
99
95
97
108
123
120
129
141
142
137
143
149
138
130
125
99
97
97
97
97
106
109
120
130
132
130
130
117
108
99
101
100
101
106
107
108
121
123
127
118
130
120
121
122
120
121
119
117
122
119
102
107
103
103
95
101
99
105
99
95
98
96
92
95
100
95
211
200
179
174
142
142
126
100
95
89
89
89
79
68
58
53
47
47
47
42
37
42
32
37
42
'47
47
53
53
53
58
58
79
105
211
237
211
158
111
32
47
84
211
200
158
168
168
147
158
142
132
102
100
100
100
98
108
109
120
128
131
129
129
116
107
98
100
98
99
104
105
106
118
120
124
116
128
117
119
120
118
119
117
115
122
121
106
110
104
103
93
99
99
108
102
97
100
98
94
97
101
96
84
86
86
89
90
96
98
103
106
108
92
84
83
86
77
68
67
76
71
70
73
81
76
73
84
81
86
81
97
90
97
92
114
108
100
106
104
106
112
82
81
86
83
92
97
99
112 1
102 t
109
92
100
799
904
632
615
745
660
717
572
581
320
283
181
334
1439
246
317
346
218
314
346
416
394
283
266
261
252
249
334
215
193
184
173
159
113
82
68
62
88
82
130
88
176
170
201
103
95
85
58
41
75
69
-25-
TABLE 4.--Continued
Tobacco Other Crops
Sweet Peanuts Soybeans Cow- Velvet Sugar
Type Type Type Total Pota- Picked for peas for Beans Cane for
Year 14 56 62 Tobacco toes Threshed Hog'd Beans Peas Harvested Syrup
.1910-
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1
13
23
16
28
37
35
38
31
10
26
24
36
41
87
84
152
66
58
67
70
98
100
105
118
85
98
93
116
117
109
111
109
91
59
57
72
71
100
300
500
600
1000
600
600
200
100
100
100
200
100
-
-
19
17
17
13
17
25
30
26
38
32
46
47
39
18
27
29
42
45
85
85
143
73
66
71
71
94
95
102
114
87
99
96
115
116
106
110
108
95
67
65
80
80
194
194
194
194
148
167
176
213
231
241
231
213
194
176
194
213
194
204
185
185
185
204
241
204
194
213
176
194
185
157
139
176
157
194
157
130
120
130
92
79
65
42
33
39
32
28
23
18
15
14
11
13
14
14
15
16
21
27
53
64
59
68
59
46
43
45
38
34
40
52
54
54
59
62
54
61
67
77
72
80
90
96
90
122
117
106
106
106
112
117
71
77
69
57
60
59
64
60
55
57
52
51
27
35
40
44
49
54
64
77
103
101
114
101
86
80
85
85
85
84
98
97
101
113
118
114
108
113
118
104
120
130
129
139
146
141
132
111
111
115
98
86
87
91
91
87
91
40
41
39
36
37
34
- m
300
350
400
600
700
1450
1800
1700
2250
2300
2300
2150
200
200
267
200
200
233
333
300
300
267
267
200
233
200
133
167
167
167
133
133
133
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
162
146
139
'179
174
148
154
191
229
240
248
231
207
218
224
230
262
251
226
236
207
133
133
137
80
83
92
74
55
39
46
37
37
30
24
24
18
144
144
156
167
156
167
167
178
178
222
233
233
178
133
100
111
111
100
100
111
100
111
122
133
144
156
144
144
122
111
89
111
122
133
133
111
111
122
100
78
56
44
22
33
33
56
m
-
-
-26-
TABLE 4.--Continued
Other Crops Meat Animals Dairy Poultry
Sugar Cane Total Total Cattle Sheep Total
for Sugar Lupine Other All and and Meat Whole
Year and Seed Seed Crops Crops Calves Hogs Lambs Animals Milk Chickens Eggs
1910 --- -
1911 -
1912 -
1913 -
1914 -
1915 -
1916 -
1917 -
1918 -
1919 -
1920 --
1921 -
1922 -
1923 -
1924 86 53 61 103 795 77 53 74 74
1925 82 53 59 94 782 73 56 75 75
1926 79 49 56 80 769 69 59 73 73
1927 89 55 51 88 730 65 62 85 85
1928 2 96 56 48 94 691 63 62 93 93
1929 19 92 65 46 91 652 61 64 78 78
1930 35 96 70 45 96 587 59 65 79 79
1931 37 111 68 46 92 574 60 65 76 76
1932 36 122 69 47 89 561 60 67 82 82
1933 41 118 73 53 86 548 64 69 78 78
1934 43 121 76 57 83 535 67 72 73 73
1935 40 122 80 59 80 522 68 75 67 67
1936 48 120 80 59 82 482 68 77 69 69
1937 56 117 84 59 91 443 69 74 77 77
1938 69 127 89 58 96 417 68 73 74 74
1939 58 132 92 61 103 391 71 74 79 79
1940 83 140 88 65 98 365 74 76 81 81
1941 88 143 88 68 98 339 76 78 83 83
1942 61 146 90 74 110 313 82 80 86 86
1943 78 147 86 85 144 287 97 84 94 94
1944 79 134 97 94 143 235 103 87 105 105
1945 90 110 93 95 118 183 100 90 94 94.
1946 91 110 99 100 111 156 102 95 101 101
1947 101 122 118 100 102 105 130 103 98 95 95
1948 98 94 98 98 105 100 104 104 100 101 101
1949 102 84 84 102 93 95 65 93 102 104 104
1950 104 145 89 110 107 87 39 103 102 112 112
1951 108 109 84 111 117 89 39 112 104 109 109
1952 119 100 79 117 129 94 39 122 111 114 114
1953 124 91 76 122 143 83 39 -133 123 114 114
1954 107 45 79 123 163 71 39 147- 131 116 116
1955 99 68 58 122 156 78 52 143 134 120 120
1956 84 59 54 124 153 77 65 140 143 142 142
1957 91 27 53 124 159 70 91 145 154 167 167
1958 97 16 51 118 156 59 104 140 161 184 184
1959 129 9 53 116 145 60 104 131 144 200 200
1960 137 6 50 129 142 46 104 127 147 202 202
-27-
TABLE 4.--Continued
Poultry Other Livestock Products Total Total
Livestock Crops
Total and and
Year Broilers Turkeys Poultry Wool Honey Beeswax Products Livestock
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
65
57
57
63
70
70
72
79
79
90
104
92
92
102
101
98
104
107
106
111
110
105
133
154
160
168
183
81
88
94
119
131
144
138
150
125
119
156
156
125
131
138
138
131
150
119
94
88
88
94
100
I O
106
119
100
- OO
113
156
131
138
131
847
821
821
808
795
782
769
730
691
652
587
574
561-
548
535
522
482
443
417
391
365
339
313
287
235
183
156
130
104
65
39
39
39
39
39
52
65
91
104
104
104
75
77.
83
92
94
-98
100
102
97
107
112
117
122
122
122
128
135
141
143
143
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
75
-7
83
92
94
- O
1-2
117
122
122
64
63
63
65
66
62
62
62
64
66
70
70
71
72
71
74
76
78
82
91
98
95
99
100
102
99
105
108
116
124
133
141
153
157
152
152
74
76
78
82
91
98
56
56
53
58
59
64
67
66
67
71
75
77
77
81
84
87
84
85
88
87
97
94
99
100
99
101
108
110
116
123
126
125
129
133
129
127
127
------~ -~ ---~-cl- --~II- ---~--I I
TABLE 5.--lndex Numbers of Yield of Crops and Livestock in Florida, 1910-1960, (1947-49=100)
Citrus Fruits Vegetables,
Fresh
Tan- Grape- Total Lima Snap Canta- Cauli-
Year Oranges gerines fruit Limes Citrus Beans Beans Cabbage loupes flower Celery
1910
1911
19152
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
71
75
60
68
74
49
43
41
34
57
33
59
39
43
44
41
40
47
57
69
59
63
57
75
91
83
93
97
103
100
96
108
120
106
130
119
118
117
107
111
11I
70
102
75
96
67
89
55
55
42
62
34
80
56
52
53
51
51
73
56
82
58
67
52
110
94
101
109
101
87
112
127
125
110
130
118
125
125
134
70
143
83
-
70
57
57
61
64
60
53
55
43
65
44
81
48
49
44
59
50
70
56
88
59
91
71
88
113
81
115
94
102
103
80
108
102
97
118
96
105
102
95
107
91
47
44
55
55
40
36
30
12
0
8
11
11
13
13
15
18
14
47
61
73
65
47
63
77
89
123
105
95
95
109
139
136
119
137
153
152
153
148
126
76
132
71
69
59
67
71
53
46
50
37
59
36
65
42
44
44
46
43
54
56
74
59
69
60
83
96
84
99
97
102
101
95
109
116
106
127
115
116
115
104
111
107
-
107
107
83
78
76
104
71
51
78
73
92
103
92
80
102
117
115
82
98
94
106
97
93
95
91
109
83
78
109
141
131
129
154
124
129
87
111
86
84
79
113
105
126
117
113
116
96
91
99
120
120
138
122
175
238
123
134
64
91
97
112
109
104
116
115
124
143
136
126
108
117
118
72
82
93
82
96
110
116
88
82
67
75
82
94
86
55
82
55
71
55
50
89
75
96
82
68
116
82
94
114
89
102
109
99
114
137
89
99
134
124
109
89
95
108
96
96
111
137
47
100
106
108
111
55
81
68
63
98
83
85
78
78
72
100
94
82
70
97
88
82
55
32
129
106
65
98
98
105
64
72
106
105
68
88
92
78
131
133
89
100
111
185
130
153
134
134
143
151
126
92
127
178
i
-
i
-
-
-
-
-i
-
-m
-I
-
-
-
i
-
-m
-
-
-
-
131
133
89
100
-
127
145
149
163
138
148
134
130
106
127
116
111
124
119
99
89
120
109
103
111
100
116
114
103
99
101
97
103
97
86
96
118
136
136
145
135
135
159
139
134
100
103
130
-29-
TABLE 5.--Continued
Vegetables
Escarole
Sweet Cucum- Egg- and English Green Irish Straw- Fresh
Year Corn bers plant Chicory Lettuce Peas Peppers Potatoes Squash berries Tomatoes
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
192.7
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
98
202
127
150
159
178
175
223
229
i
-
155
164
153
178
-
m
-
-
-
-i
-m
-
-
-
I
98
2-2
127
15O
159
178
175
223
229
155
164
153
178
154
146
94
97
98
75
68
96
118
105
65
84
45
78
44
62
67
84
53
54
111
82
120
95
75
71
50
96
105
76
105
119
128
150
146
139
128
156
160
146
120
143
122
D-
183
184
158
141
140
176
125
113
121
108
100
96
95
95
107
131
113
148
122
94
125
110
129
108
125
132
90
99
111
140
144
179
152
177
162
156
170
108
150
126
262
185
210
258
258
218
211
182
135
129
233 186
268 218
291 182
164 187
124 161
221 238
243 191
168 169
189 218
174 150
177 149
169 145
156 145
144 73
154 50
140 73
89 71
95 115
117 133
95 89
98 90
106 121
114 108
96 117
120 133
127 \ 127
118 i 133
--140, 138
128 127
115 121
115 75
109 75
108 87
-
-
-
102
92
96
115
1 18
123
119
80
109
99
112
118
79
124
73
146
199
166
128
104
186
145
155
145
146
134
124
85
155
87
127
86
161
138
177
168
162
166
119
142
119
136
111
83
91
86
108
66
66
90
81
114
113
103
100
106
104
99
117
93
-
77
104
119
102
119
124
108
106
126
134
107
85
109
134
1i3
103
43;
49
54
59
58
51
45
67
65
56
54
54
62
52
50
70
67
59
71
66
44
102
39
72
78
53
54
65
74
71
87
63
83
69
60
86
90
70
91
139
129
147
142
135
168
151
153
123
119
119
115
- 146
S 136
i
- 148
- 158
- 151
- 168
- 109
- 129
- 122
- 142
- 93
- 158
- 122
- 131
- 144
- 133
- 146
- 51
- 98
- 118
- 128
- 155
- 128
- 128
- 128
- 109
- 127
- 128
- 146
- 118
143 82
157 100
147 142
143 106
119 124
132 111
142 114
169 155
165 145
152 86
141 66
134 111
161 258
i
70
76
65
86
77
79
52
56
63
82
64
54
51
51
76
75
70
90
63
63
94
99
73
76
101
71
71
84
100
73
102
125
129
116
126
105
114
176
147
134
95
152
167
-30-
TABLE 5.--Continued
Vegetables Grains Hay Cotton and Cottonseed
Processed Total
Water- Snap Toma- Total Total All Cotton-Cotton and
Year melons Beans toes Vegetables Corn Oats Grains Hay Cotton seed Cottonseed
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
123
120
143
138
145
67
93
143
171
114
105
111
104
126
76
84
69
126
107
107
107
92
111
103
124
124
116
99
86
92
116
92
83
121
116
113
117
125
137
104
124
104
152
85
52
66
82
89
61
66
66
40
79
90
59
105
67
128
100
109
117
98
107
135
137
125
88
142
155
-
-
-I
-I
-
-I
155
102
105
90
119
105
105
89
104
97
100
92
94
83
101
90
99
98
85
82
88
108
114
109
98
108
113
92
107
98
85
99
116
116
122
128
116
121
149
144
125
103
125
133
105
105
87
105
109
105
109
100
100
100
96
113
109
91
105
118
118
91
96
94
78
74
74
70
76-
87
83
87
92
71
100
87
96
100
91
96
87
105
87
109
122
152
135
142
179
179
201
233
247
235
253
76
74
76
71
71
82
71
66
87
74
82
63
66
65
73
68
91
60
82
76
87
98
68
66
71
71
82
77
77
68
76
79
76
82
96
109
98
109
104
87
98
120
147
153
120
131
109
120
147
142
164
103
104
87
103
107
103
107
98
100
99
95
111
107
90
103
115
116
90
95
93
78
74
73
69
75
86
82
86
90
71
99
86
95
99
93
99
89
105
88
107
121
151
138
158
147
172
179
204
222
230
248
113
114
113
121
120
119
125
127
128
130
127
157
109
136
106
106
112
104
107
103
99
100
74
77
98
90
84
90
101
85
102
99
90
87
90
95
81
89
97
113
123
159
155
194
200
222
252
272
283
310
301
51
64
60
68
77
53
42
49
37
38
48
45
57
22
58
93
71
57
48
65
92
84
43
72
74
84
85
82
83
39
78
67
69
97
108
81
66
86
125
89
109
129
125
92
167
180
113
119
151
128
158
59
73
66
76
89
61
49
55
42
44
55
48
63
24
64
104
81
64
55
76
109
97
49
85
87
97
98
99
97
45
95
81
77
108
127
77
56
79
127
94
119
139
123
95
187
184
123
120
171
139
176
52
66
60
69
79
54
43
50
37
39
49
46
58
22
59
94
72
57
49
67
94
85
44
74
75
86
87
84
85
40
80
69
70
98
111
80
65
85
125
90
110
130
126
92
170
181
114
119
154
129
160
TABLE 5.--Continued
Tobacco Other Crops
Sweet Peanuts Soybeans Cow- Velvet
Type Type Type Total Pota- Picked for peas for Beans
Year 14 56 62 Tobacco toes Threshed Hog' d Beans Peas Harvested
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
70
66
70
78
73
61
73
76
70
58
72
70
83
87
81
94
68
89
70
83
84
87
86
91
99
99
103
98
116
110
103
125
137
118
131
144
135
154
214
231
257
197
279
161
225
178
150
199
225
150
150
98
97
87
97
104
89
95
98
106
96
102
96
95
85
78
77
78
89
78
98
75
89
81
92
97
98
102
86
90
102
107
103
114
99
91
119
120
111
122
109
116
130
205
204
166
255
223
129
97
126
118
156
121
113
108
138
81
91
94
98
74
92
60
99
90
92
91
81
79
80
85
105
110
110
113
101
90
118
126
126
161
154
152
175
81
124
136
145
142
130
127
124
142
136
140
136
126
118
140
124
118
133
126
126
134
100
99
89
92
105
103
96
91
103
92
89
98
98
96
100
95
100
108
95
98
97
110
118
134
118
148
121
134
121
134
134
95
99
96
103
101
89
92
103
92
92
86
92
86
82
92
89
93
88
79
86
71
78
57
69
75
84
89
79
103
60
104
93
78
93
86
90
64
90
106
105
116
119
127
137
111
140
147
121
148
123
164
95
99
95
102
101
89
92
102
92
92
85
92
85
82
92
89
93
87
78
85
71
78
57
69
75
83
89
78
102
60
104
93
78
93
85
90
64
90
106
104
116
119
126
136
111
140
147
120
153
123
164
-
300
285
270
300
270
180
330
330
345
375
345
360
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30O
285
27O
3OO
270
18O
330
330
3-5
375
345
360
176
117
206
176
157
222
185
157
165
137
205
157
147
176
157
147
157
176
176
176
88
108
104
98
98
104
91
91
91
104
104
104
129
129
145
154
139
139
101
108
93
93
100
108
86
93
90
54
80
92
83
93
77
99
77
92
93
116
108
82
77
91
77
116
97
107
103
103
116
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
116
-32-
TABLE 5.--Continued
Other Crops Total Meat Animals Dairy
Sugar Cane for Total Cattle Sheep Total
Sugar and Lupine Other All and and Meat Whole
Year Syrup Seed Seed Crops Crops Calves Hogs Lambs Animals Milk
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
118
116
113
114
117
111
66
85
89
76
68
58
90
87
93
102
105
99
117
113
93
91
99
93
102
117
102
89
118
95
87
108
111
105
124
117
105
102
105
93
87
99
90
112
74
99
98
76
114
11I
95
117
116
112
124
121
110
104
103
87
98
113
111
90
101
108
109
113
121
112
113
114
123
146
128
132
125
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
76
114
125
66
68
72
66
62
74
64
62
55
60
63
71
71
69
83
57
76
76
67
75
75
91
77
87
107
107
107
112
129
139
... 111
142
145
148
170
169
182
83 47
81 49
78 56
78 61
72 62
80 62
65 60
83 59
70 73
71 82
72 70
70 71
67 73
72 78
84 76
86 75
85 72
84 75
83 76
95 77
91 94
94 100
94 106
90 96
101 99
108 106
107 124
117 117
122 148
115 147
1 24--126
135 138
134 137
130 139
121 149
132 151
138 138
60
66
85
81
77
75
71
77
82
85
78
82
95
97
-
110
106
100
107
105
92
88
104
112
96
108
96
108
128
130
125
131
129
143
134
168
186
196
108
96
108
128
I30
73
92
47
53
66
24
95
97
94
96
114.
148
135
142
139
161
139
146
109
111
44
122
132
66
88
147
267
274
256
263
343
5il
729
446
415
409
430
56 73
59 73
69 70
75 69
77 71
76 75
76 71
78 73
86 73
88 73
76 73
78 74
86 80
94 83
103 85
103 86
94 80
98 92
00 92
98 96
102 97
108 100
112 97
96 97
101 98
103 105
113 112
114 116
160 117
123 119
106 7
116 125
- i
119 134
115 137
124 134
130 165
118 I7
86 7
88 73
76 7
78 74
86 80
94 -8
10 85
-0 86
9 80
568 73
101 73
-33-
TABLE 5.--Continued
Poultry Livestock Products Total Total
Livestock Crops
Total Bees- and and
Year Chickens Eggs Broilers Turkeys Poultry Wool Honey wax Products Livestock
910 -
1911 -
1912 -
1913 -
1914 -
1915 -
1916 -
1917 -
1918 -
1919 -
1920 -
1921 -
1922 -
1923 -
I924 76 88 71 68 66 78
1925 74 89 71 74 67 77
1926 87 93 76 74 71 76
1927 86 90 75 75 73 76
1928 61 85 65 72 72 72
1929 80 89 62 74 75 75 79
1930 83 89 65 76 77 74 68
1931 94 87 71 78 76 76 81
1932 75 88 70 74 81 78 72
1933 70 87 70 72 82 79 73
1934 78 83 14 59 63 80 72 72
1935 93 89 21 68 73 79 75 71
1936 104 88 26 66 76 81 81 71
1937 84 86 29 67 71 83 84 76
1938 100 94 32 64 78 85 90 86
1939 99 85 40 50 76 87 90 87
1940 98 86 59 55 82 85 86 85
1941 100 81 68 63 82 85 112 114 92 86
1942 122 87 78 58 92 87 116 115 95 87
1943 133 90 84 58 97 84 116 150 97 96
1944 92 84 60 55 79 82 122 136 95 92
1945 115 89 78 69 91 89 105 117 101 96
1946 92 84 80 60 84 83 168 187 101 96
1947 104 93 90 78 95 100 88 104 96 92
1948 98 101 90 97 97 102 86 86 99 100
1949 99 105 120 125 107 97 126 111 105 107
1950 82 105 127 139 105 121 164 163 111 108
1951 92 111 122.' 142 110 121 173 162 115 116
1952 93 113 133 131 114 121 158 148 133 125
1953 88 131 138 159 124 121 160 150 123 117
1954 81 146 156 155 135 131 156 146 118 123
1955 75 142 130 145 123 136 116 115 121 131
1956 58 14T 134 172 121 109 147 164 125 131
1957 50 122 110 159 104 134 152 204 120 128
1958 48 130 110 173 107 129 120 140 123 121
1959 49 164 100 266 123 129 107 119 140 134
1960 50 173 89 97 121 129 147 155 138 138
-34-
Citrus yields have not followed the trend of crop yields as well as some
other groups, except since the beginning of World War II. They dropped to low
levels during the depression years, perhaps due in part to low prices. The yield
of vegetable crops as a group declined from 1923 to 1936 then rose to a somewhat
higher level for about 10 years. In 1960 vegetable crop yields had increased to
33 percent above the 1947-49 period. However, there is wide variation in yields
of the individual crops making up this group.
The yield of grains remained almost constant from 1910 to the mid-
twenties, when there were two years of higher yields. Per-acre yields then declined
to a lower level from 1926 to 1946. Since 1946 they have increased rapidly,
perhaps due in large measure to improved varieties of both corn and oats. In 1960
the yield of grains was 148 percent above the 1947-49 average.
Yields of hay began increasing in 1948 end in 1960 were over three
times the 1947-49 level.
Cotton yields showed no well-defined trend for many years but started
upward in the years since World War 11 and were 63 percent above the 1947-49
average in 1960.
The trend of yields of all tobacco is obscured somewhat by the divergent
trends of the several types making up this group. However, the two remaining
types produced in Florida (type 14 and type 62) had yields in 1960 of 54 percent
and 30 percent, respectively, above the 1947-49 averages.
Yields of fOther Crops," the most important of which are sugar cane
for sugar and peanuts, were 84 percent above the base period in 1960. A sharp
upward trend began in this group in 1948.
Production per head of meat animals has moved upward by steps since
the earliest available data in 1924. This group is dominated by cattle and calves
and since about 1950 production per head has been on a higher level than
previously. The fencing of pastures in the previous decade accelerated the move
toward better cattle and also stimulated pasture improvement which resulted in
more and better grass.
Production of milk per cow in the herd has increased steadily since 1924.
It has not been subject to the fluctuation seen in crop yields as weather is less of
a,factor. Since 1949 production per cow has averaged 31 percent above the base
period, 1947-49, and in 1960 stood at 71 percent above. The increasing output
per cow in the herd reflects many improved practices, the principal one of which
perhaps is better cows.
The output per unit of poultry products in 1960 was 21 percent above
the base period. The principal product in this group is eggs which had increased
in production per hen in 1960 to 73 percent above 1947-49.
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