/:7 I HUME LIBRARY
9 -3 *-*
SI Everglades Station Mimeo Report EES69-3 OCT 1 1968 August 1968
PRIMARY EVALUATION OF PHYTOTOXICI OF POSTEMERGENCE APPLI D
HERBICIDES AND HERBICIDE-ADA&S Ofli T ia T
2/
J. R. Orsenigo-
Summary: This primary, non-replicated evaluation presented difficult
conditions for the herbicidal treatments tested: weed popula-
tion, especially panicum, was high and annual grasses had
tillered at time of postemergence application. Treatments were rated at 10
days after application; superior treatments at 20 days after application
are listed.
No herbicide alone, or herbicidal combination, reunited both a
high level of crop tolerance and effective annual weed control,
especially of grasses. Pyriclor*, MBC, CP-41820*, AMA and high
rates of ametryne*, applied alone, effectively controlled annual grasses at
10 and at 20 (*) days after application. Generally, the addition of low
rates of 2,4-D (h Ib/A) and surfactant (%) or surfactant to certain herbicides
reduced crop tolerance and increased annual weed control. (Tables 3, 6)
Non-phytotoxic oil atrazine combinations were noted by accept-
able crop tolerance but less than acceptable weed control.
Trebling the oil rates from 1.3 to 4 gpa reduced crop tolerance
slightly with a corresponding slight increase in annual weed control. The
several oils did not differ greatly in performance except that improved
broadleaf weed control was obtained with Amoco and Orchex oils. (Table 4)
Essentially no crop tolerance was noted for non-phytotoxic oil ametryne
combinations at either oil application rate, 1.3 or 4 gpa. Annual grass weed
control was complete except for the 1.3 gpa rate of Sinc-oil. High control
values were also recorded at 20 days after application. (Tables 4, 6) No
usable crop tolerance was observed following non-phytotoxic oil diuron
combinations. Grass weed control differed slightly among the oils but no
broadleaf weed control was recorded for Amoco and Sun oil combinations.
(Tables 4, 6)
AL-411 was an effective adjuvant with ametryne but not with
atrazine. (Tables 4, 6) The range of differences in crop tol-
erance and in annual weed control associated with atrazine -
surfactant combinations was great. Few of the combinations were acceptable
herbicidally. (Tables 5, 6)
A limited number of treatments were effective herbicides at 20
days after application. (Table 6) Herbicidal combinations which
were effective in earlier evaluations appeared less effective in
this trial. Differences in response appear to be related -nost closely to
weed development at time of application although weed growth rate and climate
are influential.
1/ This report of the relative performance of commercial and experimental
herbicidal treatments was prepared for herbicide researchers and industry
and the data neither constitute nor imply endorsement of any treatment
for any usage.
/ Horticulturist, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, Ever lades Ex eriment Station, Belle Glade, Florida 33430
- 2 -
Experiment:
Location:
Soil Type:
Cultural operations:
1088-26-68
Everglades Experiment Station, F 2 NW
Okeelanta peaty muck
Field preparation; February, March, 1968
Soil insecticide; 29 March 1968 (diazinon, 4 Ib/Aai,
disced in)
Fertilization & fitting; 29 March 1968 (800 lb/A,
0-12-16 + micronutrients, disced in after soil
insecticide disced in)
Discing; 2, 5 April 1968
Final fitting & rolling; 8 April 1968
Crops planted; 19 April 1968 through emerged weeds.
Routine fungicide-insecticide applications were made
weekly or more often as required.
Design: Non-replicated single treatment plots. Three crops
were drilled through emerged weeds in north-south rows.
Herbicide-treated strips (6 x 60 ft) traversed the
blocks in an east-west direction and were separated from each other by a
narrow untreated alley. Handweeded and unweeded strips were interspersed at
intervals.
Description of test crops: Refer to Table 1.
Description
Description
whichever ap
in terms of
of weed population: Weeds listed in Table 1 were generally
typical of the experimental area and the unweeded
controls.
of herbicidal treatments: Herbicides, adjuvants, other chemicals,
formulations and suppliers are listed in Table 2.
Rates of application are given as Ib/A ai or ae,
propriate, unless noted otherwise. Surfactant rates are similarly
ai v/v.
All treatments were applied postemergence as broadcast,
topical sprays over crops and weeds. Treatments were
applied in water (or oil-water emulsion) carrier at 62
gpa with an experimental small plot herbicide tractor using a Hypro nylon
roller pump and Spraying Systems Tee-Jet nozzles.
Herbicide application data:
2 May 1968 (1005-1130 AM; wind westerly at 0-5
mph, clear sky; moderate temperature)
3 May 1968 (0845-1035 AM; wind westerly 0-5 mph;
overcast sky; moderate temperature)
3 May 1968 (0335-0540 PM; wind westerly 0-4 mph;
overcast to clear sky; moderate temperature)
All applied in canal spray water; pH = 8,
hardness = 310 ppm.
Rainfall data:
2.22 in. of rainfall was recorded in the first 10 days
and 2.84 in. had accumulated in 20 days after appli-
cation.
- 3-
Temperature data:
Average temperature values for the first and second
10-day period after application follow:
max. 82 min. 65, mean 740F; and, max. 89, min. 60,
mean 786F.
Method of evaluation: Handweeded and unweeded control
and weed standards againstwhich
ments were compared on a 1 to 9
values were converted to percentages for this report.
were made at 10 and at 20 days after application.
plots served as crop
the herbicidal treat-
rating scale. The
Visual examinations
Table 1. Test crops and weeds.
S corn (Sweet Corn)
F corn (Field Corn)
Sorghum
Panicum
Goosegrass
Broadleaf principally1
Amaranth, spiny
lobelle
Cornelli 54
Hegari
Panicum adspersum
Eleusine indica
Amaranthus spinosus)
3-4 true leaves, 5-7 in. tall
3 true leaves, to 6 in. tall
3-4 true leaves, 6-8 in. tall
3-4 tillers, to 6 in. tall
2-3 tillers, to 4 in. tall
to 6 in. tall
Table 2. Herbicides, adjuvants, chemicals, formulations and suppliers.
Allied Chemical
2,4-D isooctyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Amchem Products
ACP 65-31 sodium salt of 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid +
dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D (1.5 + 1 Ib/gal)
ACP 65-313 mixed isomers of l,l-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-
indanyl and l,l-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-7-indanyl
ethyl ketones
American Mineral Spirits
isopropanol isopropanol
American Oil
Amoco oil Amoco Crop Oil, ca 84 sec viscosity
Aquatrols Corp.
Aqua-Gro blended nonionic surfactants
Aqua-T alkylaryl polyethoxy alcohol
Atlas Chemical Industries
AL-209 Unspecified polyoxyethlene fatty acid ester
AL-210 do
AL-509 do
Tween 20 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate
AL-411 surfactant-oil adjuvant
-4-
CIBA Agrochemical
Adjuvan-T
fluometurom
C-6313
Collodial Products
X-77
Buffer-X
Tronic
Dow Chemical
dalapon
dal-TCA
pyriclor
trimethylnonanol-ethyleneoxide complex
1,l-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-urea (Cotoran)
3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-l-methoxy-l-methylurea
(Maloran)
alkylaryl polyoxyethylene glycols
alkylaryl polyethoxy ethanol, free and combined fatty
and phosphatic acids, isopropanol (rlulti-Film
Buffer-X)
alkylaryl polyoxyethlene glycols, petroleum distillates,
alkyl sulfates, alkyl amine acetate
sodium salt of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (Dowpon)
dalapon + sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid
(53.3 + 29.7%) (Dowpon-C)
2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol (Daxtron)
E. I. duPont de Nemours
diuron 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (Karmex)
terbacil 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (Sinbar)
EmulAgt-A Amine salts of alkyl & alkylaryl sulfonates
(Emulsifying Agent A)
Surf-WK dodecylether of polyethylene glycol (Surfactant WK)
Geigy Agricultural Chemicals
ametryne 2-ethylamino-4-isopropylamino-6-methylmercapto-s-
triazine (Ametryne)
Atrazine 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine
(Atrazine)
prometryne 2, 4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine
(Caporal)
General Analine & Film
CO-630
Hercules Incorp.
norea
Hooker Chemical
MBC
Humble Oil & Refining
Orchex
Monsanto Company
CP-41820
Rohm & Haas
propanil
X-100
X-114
X-207
octylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol
3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea
(Herban)
sodium chlorate + sodium metaborate tetrahydrate
(30 + 68%) (Hooker MBC)
Orchex N-795, ca 73 sec viscosity
classified
3',4'-dichloropropionanilide (Stam F-34)
octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100)
do (Triton X-114)
alkylaryl polyether alcohol + nonionic solubilizer
(Triton X-207)
- 5-
Sinclair Oil
Sinc-oil Sinclair VC Spray Oil
Standard Spray & Chemical
Adju-saf unspecified polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester
Sun Oil
Sun 11E non-phytotoxic paraffin oil plus emulsifier system,
ca 100 sec viscosity
Folicote hydrocarbon emulsion transpiration suppressant
Thompson-Hayward
TH-407H,-417H morphactin (hydroxyfluorene-carboxylate) + 2,4-D
combinations, 0.75:2.5 lb/gal
T-Mulz A02 unspecified surfactant
Union Carbide Corp.
NPX
TMN
15-S-9
WetAgt l-X
AS-31266A
U. S. Borax & Chemical
MCD
Hibor
Velsicol Chemical
OCS-21693
Vineland Chemical
A4MA
MSMA
unspecified surfactant (Tergitol NPX)
trimethyl nonyl polyethlene glycol ether (Tergitol TMN)
unspecified surfactant (Tergitol Nonionic 15-S-9)
unspecified surfactant (Experimental Wetting Agent l-X)
unspecified surfactant (Agricultural Surfactant 31266A)
sodium metaborate tetrahydrate + sodium chlorate +
diuron (66.5 + 30.0 + 1.25%) (Monobor-Chlorate
Granular D)
sodium metaborate tetrahydrate + sodium chlorate +
bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) (66.5 +
30.0 + 1.50%) (Hibor Granular)
N-methoxy-N-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-carbomethoxy-
benzamine
ammonium methanearsonate
monosodium methanearsonate
Acknowledgements: This evaluation was supported in part by grants from
Atlas Chemical Industries, Geigy Agricultural
Chemicals, Monsanto Company and Sun Oil Company.
Herbicides, adjuvants and other chemicals were furnished by the suppliers
listed above. Maintenance pesticides were supplied by Geigy Agricultural
Chemicals, Stauffer Chemical Company and Union Carbide Corporation. Crop
seed were furnished by A. Duda & Son and the Agronomy Section, Everglades
Experiment Station.
-6-
Table 3. Response of crops and weeds to postemergence applied herbicidal
treatments. Values are percentages of untreated controls at ten
days after application.
Herbicidal Treatment
Rate Ib/Aai or %ai
Handweeded control
Unweeded control
ACP 65-31, 1 gpa
2
fluometuron, 2 +
Adjuvan-T, z%
C6313, 2 +
Adjuvan-T, %
pyriclor, 1
terbacil, 2
terbacil, 2 + Su
ametryne, 1
ametryne,
+ S %*
atrazine, 1
+ 2,
Crop Tolerance
S corn F corn Sorghum
100% 100%
100 100
100
75
rf-WK, %
4-D,
atrazine, + 2,4-D,
+ S %
prometryne, 1
prometryne, + 2,4-D,
+ S %
norea, 2
norea, 1 + 2,4-D,
+ S %
MBC, 37
CP-41820, 2
CP-41820, 2 + S %
MCD, 37
Hibor, 37
AMA, 4
MSMA, 4
propanil, 2 +
ACP 65-313, 2
propanil, 2 +
OCS-21693, 2
ametryne,
1
1
2
3
4
*S = X-114 Surfactant
100%
100
Annual
Panicum
100%
0
Weed Control
Goosegr B'leaf
100% 100%
0 0
87 100 12 87
75 75 62 87
0
0
75
0
25
12
100
87
62
50
100
62
50
25
0
100
75
37
12
12 12
100
100
87 100
75 100
100 12
37 100
75 100
87 12
87 87
87 50
87 75
87 62
100 87
37 0
62 37
75 25-
87 0
100 25
12 12
50 25
75 12
62 12
50 100
50
25
50
50
75
87
100
-7-
Table 4. Response of crops and weeds to postemergence applied herbicidal
treatments. Values are percentages of untreated controls at ten
days after application.
Herbicidpl Treatment
Rate 1b/Aai or af
Handweeded control
Unweeded control
atrazine, 2
+ Amoco oil 1.3 gpa
+ Amoco oil 4.0
+ Orchex 1.3 gpa
+ Orchex 4.0
+ Sinc-oil 1.3 gpa
+ Sinc-oil 4.0
+ Sun 11E 1.3 gpa
+ Sun liE 4.0
Ametryne, 2
+ Amoco oil 1.3 gpa
+ Amoco oil 4.0
+ Orchex 1.3 gpa
+ Orchex 4.0
+ Sinc-oil 1.3 gpa
+ Sinc-oil 4.0
+ Sun lHE 1.3 gpa
+ Sun 11E 4.0
diuron, 2
+ Amoco oil 1.3 gpa
+ Orchex 1.3 gpa
+ Sinc-oil 1.3 gpa
+ Sun liE 1.3 gpa
+ AL-411 1 gpa
TH-407H, 1 pt
+ Sun lHE 1.3 gpa
TH-417H, 1 pt
+ Sun 11E 1.3 gpa
atrazine, 2
+ AL-411, 1 qt
2 qt
4 qt
ametryne, 2
+ AL-411, 1 qt
2 qt
4 qt
ametryne, + 2,4-D,
+ S %*
atrazine, + 2,4-D,
+ S %
dalapon, 4 + 2,4-D, 1h
dal-TCA, 4 + 2,4-D, 1
*S = X-114 surfactant
Crop Tolerance
S corn F corn Sorghum
100% 100%
100 100
100%
100
Annual Weed Control
Panicum Goosegr B'leaf
100%
0
100% 100%
0 0
62
62
75
87
37
50
37
75
100
100
100
100
87
100
100
100
87
62
50
25
37
75 75
75 87
100
75
87
87
100
100
100
12
75
25
37
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
0
100
100
0
0
0 12
0 12
87
100
100
100
100
100
25 12
62 62
75 62
75 25
62 37
62 25
- 8-
Table 5. Response of crops and weeds to postemergence applied herbicidal
treatments. Values are percentages of untreated controls at ten
days after application.
Herbicidal Treatment
Rate lb/Aai or % ai
Handweeded control
Unweeded control
atrazine, 2
+ Aqua-Gro 1%
+ Aqua-T 1%
+ Tween 20 1%
+ AL-209 1%
+ AL-210 1%
+ AL-509 1%
+ Adju-Saf 1%
+ Adjuvant-T 1%
+ X-77 1%
+ Buffer-X 1%
+ Tronic 1%
+ EmulAgt-A 1%
+ Surf-WK 1%
+ CO-630 1%
+ X-100 1%
+ X-114 1%
+ X-207 1%
+ Folicote 1%
+ T-Mulz A02 1%
+ NPX 1%
+ TMN 1%
+ 15-S-9 1%
+ WetAgt 1-X 1%
+ AS-31266A 1%
atrazine, 2 + X-114 1%
atrazine, 2 + X-114 7/8%
+ isopropanol 1/8%
atrazine, 2 + X-114 3/4%
+ isopropanol 1/4%
atrazine, 2 + X-114 %
+ isopropanol %
Atrazine, 2
+ Adju-Saf 1%
+ Adju-Saf .5%
+ Adju-Saf .3%
ametryne, + 2,4-D,
+ S %*
atrazine, 1 + 2,4-D,
+ S 3%
dalapon, 4 + 2,4-D, 1
dal-TCA, 4 + 2,4-D, 1.
* S = X-114 Surfactant
Crop Tolerance
S corn F corn Sorghum
100% 100%
100 100
50
62
62
50
87
100
100
87
37
87
75
75
62
37
50
87
75
75
62
87
87
62
50
87
50
62
75
62
100
87
100
87
87
87
50
75
75
50
87
87
75
75
75
87
87
50
75
62
100%
100
Annual
Panicum
100%
0
Weed Control
Goosegr B'leaf
100% 100%
0 0
62
75
75
75
87
87
87
75
75
100
75
87
75
62
75
87
87
87
75
75
75
75
62
75
75 62
75 75
87 87
62 50
25 25
50 50
F50
F50
P50
F37
F25
F37
F37
12 87
0 87
0 87
12 100
75 87
87 100
75 25
75 25
-9-
Table 6. Superior herbicidal treatments at 20 days after postemergence
application. Values are percent control.
Annual Weed Control/
Herbicidal Treatment, Rate Ib/Aai or % ai Grass B'leaf
pryiclor, 1 100% 100%
terbacil, 2 + Surf-WK, 2% 87 100
atrazine, + 2,4-D, + S %* 75 87
prometryne, h + 2,4-D, + S % 87 87
norea, 1 + 2,4-D, + S 1% 75 62
CP-41820, 2 75 12
CP-41820, 2 + S 1% 87 25
ametryne, + 2,4-D, + S -% 87 87
ametryne, 2 + Amoco oil, 1.3 gpa 92 100
ametryne, 2 + Amoco oil, 4 gpa 92 100
ametryne, 2 + Orchex, 1.3 gpa 100 100
ametryne, 2 + Orchex, 4 gpa 100 100
ametryne, 2 + Sinc-oil, 1.2 gpa 87 100
ametryne, 2 + Sine-oil, 4 gpa 100 100
ametryne, 2 + Sun IE, 1.3 gpa 92 100
ametryne, 2 + Sun 11E, 4 gpa 100 100
diuron, 2 + Orchex, 1.3 gpa 75 100
diuron, 2 + Orchex, 1.3 gpa 75 100
dalapon, 4 + 2,4-D, 1 75 87
dal-TCA, 4 + 2,4-D, 1 75 87
ametryne, 2 + AL-411, 1 qt 82 100
ametryne, 2 + AL-411, 2 qt 92 100
ametryne, 2 + AL-411, 4 qt 87 100
atrazine, 2 + Tronic, 1% 75 75
ametryne, 2 75 100
ametryne, 3 87 100
ametryne, 4 87 100
/ Principally panicum, goosegrass and spiny amaranth.
S = X-114 surfactant
EES69-3
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