|
/o C
F63C
*-4
Everglades Station Mimeo Report EES68-3 August, 1967
PERFORMANCE OF BUSH SNAP BEAN VARIETIES FOR FRESH MARKET ADEpPR(j |1
V. L. Guzman and J. H. John'sonl/
The chairman of the Southern Cooperative Vegetable Trials, Dr. J. C. Hoffman,
supplied 22 bean varieties for the observational and 11 for the replicated trials.
In addition 20 other varieties were included in the observational trials.
The objective of this test was first, to find the most adaptable varieties
or lines for the fresh market and second, to evaluate some varieties for processing
quality factors.
Weather conditions
Temperatures in March averaged 69.30F and in April, 71.80F. Rainfall was
practically absent but water was not a limiting factor, since a water table of
20 inches was maintained during the growing period. Conditions were excellent
for good growth with only moderate incidence of rust and mildew.
Location and soil type
The experiment was conducted at the Everglades Experiment Station, field F2SE,
on a peaty muck soil with a pH of 5.6.
Fertility conditions
The field was cropped to beans during the past season. Soil analysis
showed 12 pounds of phosphorus and 140 pounds of potassium per acre. A 0-12-20
fertilizer with 1.0% of Mn, 0.3 Zn, 0.3 Cu and 0.2 of B was broadcast and disked
in the amount of 500 pounds per acre. Manganese oxide was applied twice for
correction of manganese deficiency.
Field plot technique
Plots were single rows 25 feet long and 28 inches apart with 20 feet actual
harvest rows, arranged in complete randomized block design with four replications.
For the observational trials single unreplicated plots were employed. In addi-
tion, all entries were planted in a separate field and grown without fungicide
protection in order to determine susceptibility to diseases.
Planting and harvest dates
Entries from 1 to 33 inclusive were seeded February 24, from 34 to 46
inclusive, March 3; and from 47 to 53, March 9, 1967. Two hundred seeds per
variety and replication were distributed in 25 foot rows and planted 1.5 inches
deep in the bottom of a shallow furrow. This gave an approximate plant distance
in the row of 1.5 inches. Germination was excellent to satisfactory in all
entries except for Nos. 3, 22, 37, 38 and 45. Harvest began April 22 and
ended May 1, 1967.
~/ Horticulturist, Everglades Experiment Station, Belle Glade, and Assistant
Biochemist, Food Science, Gainesville, respectively.
-2-
Weed, insect and disease control
Weeds were controlled with pre-emergence application of 4 Ibs/A
Vegadex and one cultivation. Toxaphene-parathion and DDT-parathion
dust or sprays controlled insects satisfactorily. Three applications
of Manzate at 10 day intervals controlled diseases satisfactorily,
but at harvest time a moderate amount of rust and mildew was found
in a few plants. In the unsprayed plots, severe infestation of rust
and mildew was present at pod maturity in all susceptible varieties.
Processing methods
The USDA standards were used as a guide, Clearness of liquor
(10), Color and uniformity of color of the beans (15), Absence of
defects (35), and Character (40) are the scoring factors with
maximum points given by the USDA. In Absence of defects, USDA
suggests unstemmed units, leaves, extraneous material as well as
blemishes. Only blemishes were considered in this evaluation.
Character was evaluated by flavor, texture, sloughing and stringi-
ness as well as other apparent objectionable.or desirable character-
istics in mind.
Liquor color and sediment were observed and compared in clear
glass cylinders. Flavor was measured subjectively. Bean color was
the apparent consistency of pod color in the drained product. Percent
seeds was obtained from a 25 gram portion of the processed product.
As all beans were harvested at early maturity, it is doubtful that
any would have had much fiber present. Defects and character were ,
tabulated from the processed drained cut beans. The assigned grade
is based on the combined observed qualities. .Nitrates were also
measured since can corrosion has been and continues to be of
processing interest. Values reported for the processed pods are
based on a compensatory factor which places the raw and processed'
beans on the same basis.
- 3 -
List of varieties or breeding lines
Variety or breeding line
Stock No.
Seed source
Bush Beans (For Observational Trials)
Harvester (check)---------------
Orbit--------------------------
XP #289---------------------------
Early Gallatin-----------------.
Valgreen------------------------
Experimental #16---------------.
Bon Verte----------------- --
Green Isle---------------------
Harvest King------ ---..----------
Greenpod f64478- -----.------------
Greenpod #64473 ---..--.----------
Greenpod #65390-------------------
Greenpod #64488-------------------
Greenpod 64492-2-----.. --. -------
Greenpod #64489-----------------
Greenpod BBL #206----------------
Greenpod BBL #235-------- -.----
Greenpod BBL #63563--------- ---
SRX 772 ---------------.---------
SRX 773-- ------------------------
SRX 818---... ....-----------
Experimental #1208--------------
96564-2 ----- Asgrow Seed Company
F6468 ------- Asgrow Seed Company
F6575 ------- Asgrow Seed Company
B82A601 ---- Gallatin Valley Seed Co.
B21504 ------ Gallatin Valley Seed Co.
---- Northrup, King & Company
18/T2 ------- Northrup, King & Company
------ Northrup, King & Company
36/T12 ------ Northrup, King & Company
63319 ------- Rogers Brothers Company
65397 ------ Rogers Brothers Company
66461 ------- Rogers Brothers Company
66490 ------- Rogers Brothers Company
66517 ------ Rogers Brothers Company
66535 ----- Rogers Brothers Company
63180 ----- Rogers Brothers Company
63008 ------- Rogers Brothers Company
66387 ------- Rogers Brothers Company
------- FMC Corporation, SRS
------- FMC Corporation, SRS
------- FMC Corporation, SRS
------- Northrup, King & Company
Bush Beans (For Replicated Trials)
Harvester (check)----------------
Astro-----------------------------
Tenderette------------------------
H27-5-------------------------
Bush Blue Lake #274---------------
Greenpod j63317-----------------
Greenpod #64467------------------
Cascade---------------------------
KB-2-11-------------------.----
E 3111----------------------------
Idelight--------------------------
96564-2 -----
96522-2 -----
5-96645 -----
B27601 -----
F6692 ---
65378-A -----
65379-A -----
146-18 -----
100-354 ----
14620-10511 -
-----
Asgrow Seed Company
Asgrow Seed Company
Charter Seed Company
Gallatin Valley Seed Co.
Asgrow Seed Company
Rogers Brothers Company
Rogers Brothers Company
Corneli Seed Company
Corneli Seed Company
Ferry-Morse Seed Company
Leslie L. Dean
1.
2.
3.
A.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Snap Bean Cultivars for Observational Trials
No.
Cultivar
XIda-92-1
XIda-92-2
XIda-92-3
XIda-92-4
XIda-92-6
XIda-92-7
XIda-121-13-1
XIda-121-13-2
XIda-121-15-1
XIda-121-15-3
XIda-39-19-1
Xida-69-3
XIda-119-3
XIda-2346-1
Idelight
E7202
E7203
E7204
E7205
E7206
Remarks
Seed Source
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho .
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
University of Idaho.
University of Idaho
University of Idaho.
Ferry Morse Seed Co.
Ferry Morse Seed Co.
Ferry Morse Seed Co.
Ferry Morse Seed Co.
Ferry Morse Seed Co.
White seeded
White seeded
Persistent chlorophyll
Green seeded
Green seeded
White seeded
Persistent chlorophyll
Green seeded
Green seeded
Brown seeded
Results
Data for the observational trials are reported in table 1 and for the
replicated trials in table 2. The check variety was harvested for fresh market
type beans and Bush Blue Lake for processing.
In the observational trials with accession numbers 1 to 24 and 34'to 53
inclusive, there were several lines which combined high yield with good appearance
but unfortunately most were quite susceptible.to rust. Greenpod 64478 yielded
466 bushels/A with 82% first picking. Valgreen produced 451 bushels/A with 88%
first picking. Early Gallatin yielded 445 bushels/A with 82% first picking.
This bean was of good quality but its appearance was not as refined as that of
Harvester. SRX 818 yielded 311 bushels/A with 68% first picking of pods with
good appearance, but again this line was very susceptible to rust. Other lines
producing good quality beans for the fresh market, but highly susceptible to
rust, were: Greenpod 74488, SRX 772, SRX 773, Experimental 1208, and E7202.
Intermediate in rust susceptibility were: Green Isle, XIda-121-13-1, XIda-131-13-2
and E7203. Resistant to rust were: XIda-92-3, XIda-92-4, XIda-92-6, XIda-15-3.
These four lines were also resistant to mildew. The highest yields, 538 bushels/A,
were obtained with Greenpod 206. This line was practically immune to rust and
mildew, but pod appearance was poor.
White seeded
White seeded
White seeded
White seeded
White seeded
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
- 5 -
In the replicated trials, high yields of good quality pods were obtained with
Harvester (check), Greenpod 64467, Astro, and Tenderette. Considering yields,
appearance, and resistance to disease, Greenpod 64467 was the best; however,
first picking percent was low and the pods developed some interlocular cavitation.
Line H27-5 produced 370 bushels/A of pods with very good appearance. However,
this line was very susceptible to rust and intermediate to mildew. Idelight
appearance was slightly inferior to Harvester and produced significantly
inferior yields to the check, but again was practically immune to rust and
mildew. In this variety a very few small pustule-like formulations were noted,
but it was not certain if they were rust. Line KB-2-11 yielded significantly
inferior yields but was more tolerant to diseases than the check.
Table 3 summarizes the observations on processing characteristics of some
of the bean varieties or lines. Two varieties, Blue Lake and Early Gallatin,
lost essentially no nitrate; the same varieties were high in flavor quality.
All beans tested had sufficient nitrate present to cause extensive undersirable
detinning in tinplate containers in less than six months. Therefore, enamel-
lined cans for marketable processed beans should be used.
The better varieties for processing in overall evaluation were Blue Lake
and Early Gallatin. These were better than XIda 15-3 and XIda 2346-1, but no
other wax bean was compared. Idelight, which is a light color, had red seeds
and strings and showed insect blemishes, however the flavor was quite good.
Slenderwhite also compared favorably as did XIda 121-13-1, but Slenderwhite may
easily develop too high a seed to pod ratio with more maturity. Harvester
quality was surprisingly low and appeared to have stringiness problems.
Key for Tables 1 and 2
Source of seed: As indicated in the list of varieties.
Days to maturity: Number of days from planting to the first picking.
Rust and mildew rating: Rust (Uromyces phaseoli typical Arth.) and powdery mildew
(Erysiphe polygoni D C) reading made on unsprayed plants. 0 = no observed lesions
to 5 = very severe infestation.
Plant height: Mean height of 10 plants per plot (inches).
Plant stand: E = excellent; S = satisfactory and P = poor.
Pod length: Mean of 25 randomly selected pods from No. 5 sieve size pods.
Pod color: L = light green, M = medium green as Tendergreen, D = dark green and
W = yellow wax.
Shape of pods: F = flat, 0 = oval, R = round, H = heart shaped pods.
Pod roughness: VS = very smooth, S = smooth, SR = slightly rough, VR = very rough.
Pod uniformity: VU = very uniform, S = satisfactory uniformity, SM = severely mixed.
Pod straightness: S = straight pods, SC = slightly curved pods. VC = very curved
pods, C2D = pods curved in two directions.
Pod elevation: AS = well above soil, CS = clear of soil, TO = touches soil
occasionally, TS = touches soil often, TB = touches soil badly.
-6-
Estimated yields: Marketable pounds per plot extrapolated into estimated bushels
or tons per acre yield.
Percentage first picking: Percent from total yields.
Pod hollowness or interlocular cavitation: Rated after cutting 25 randomly
selected marketable pods longitudinally as: 1 = traces to 5 = many large hollow
spaces.
Pod appearance: 1 = poor to 5 = excellent.
Table 1.--Characteristics of Snap Bean Varieties in the observational trials. Seeded
February 24 and March 3-9, 1967. Harvested April 22 to May 1, 1967. Everglades
Experiment Station, Belle Glade, Florida
Disease Marketable
Readings Yields
i I i e I 1
ia 43 rd .3 pP 0 CO
Si i d q U
,, 4
ob. rI ji *
Variety _
Harvester (check)
Orbit
xPI289
Early Gallatin
Valgreen
Experimental #16
Bon Verte
Green Isle
Harvest King
Greenpod 64478
Greenpod 4664473
Greenpod -/65390
Greenpod 64488
Greenpod 464492
Greenpod J/64489
Greenpod BBI206
Greenpod BBL235
Greenpod BBL63563
SRX772
SRX773
SRX818
Experimental 208
XIda-92-1
XIda-92-2
5.5
4.6
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.3
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.3
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.2
5.1
5.1
4.9
5.7
5.3
R
R
R
R
H-R
R
R
R
H-R
R
D-R
D-R
H-R
R
R
H-R
R
D
R
R
R
R
H
R
VU.
S
S
S
S
s
S
S
S
S
S
SM&S
S
SM&S
SM&S
V
S
S
S
S
S
1.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.5
2.0
3.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
'4.0
4.0
3.5
0.5
0.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
14.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
4.5
4.5
398
273
351
445
451
255
320
367
248
466
326
351
357
466
420
538
398
304
196
280
311
295
242
289
6.0
4.1
5.2
6.6
6.7
3.8
4.8
5.5
3.7
7.0
4.9
5.2
5.3
7.0
6.3
8.0
6.0
4.5
3.0
4.2
4.6
4.4
3.6
4.3
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
34.
35.
Table 1.--Continued
Disease Marketable
Readings Yields
n a a) .io
0 Id to H 4;1 0
P O O O *) O*
U) U) +o 1 I*
a-92-3 56 0 5 .0 4 S 36 5. 70
38. xlda-9P-6 56 ,1 503 D H S S SO TO 2.O O.1 4.5 P 14 d.8 57 4
39 I 4.9 M H S sc T 0 5 186 2.8 75 3P, d
(L) e- bD 0cl CO w- 0) -P I H r P, r.
a-121-13-1 59 20 53 M H T 1. 2.0 3.0 S 311 4.6 95 4
36. XIa-2-3-2 57 20 5.0 D H S S s TB o.0 02. 3.0 S 2336 35 70 4
37H XIda-2-4 56 23 53 L H vs s C 4.0 P ) 2.5 55 5) P
38. XIda-21-- 568 1 5.1 D H SR S S TO 2.0 0.1 4.5 S 248 37 87 3
43. XIda-5-3 5 C 20 4.98 H S S SC TB 0.0 0.1 5.0 s 186 2.8 753
40. XIda-9121--13 56 20 5.3 M H R S BC TB 2.0 4.0 5.0 S 42 9 6.4 80 2
4. XIda- -3- 57 24 H S S c 0.0 2.0 43.0 S 23 3.5 0 4
43. XIda-9215-3 58 20 54.8 D H S S S TO 1.0 0.12.0 S 8336 2.8 837 4
3744. XIda-3-9-1 4 56 22 5.0 M H VS S SC CSTB 0.0 0.10 5.0 S 429 6.4 80 2
438. XIda-9-36 56 23 4.7 D H s s SC ATS 0.0 2.01 4.p P 124 1.8 57 4
46. XIda-19-3 56 23 5.1 D H S S SC TB 10.0 0 2.b 0 133 2.0 70 3
47. XIda-2346-1 57 21 5.0 D H S S SC TB 3.0 0.0 4.0 S 164 2.4 81 3
48. Idelight 1 57 26 5.1 M H S S S TO 1.0 2.1 2.0 S 227 3.4 86 4
49. E72021 53 23 5.1 M H S s S TO 0.5 3.5 0.0 s 451 6.7 48 4
50. E7203 54 20 5.5 M H VS s s TO 0.0 3.0 0.0 s 320 4.8 618 4
51. XE7204 53 21 5.6 M H. R S S TB 1.0 2.0 0.0 s 280 4.2 66 3
52. E7205 53 23 5.0 D H S S SC TO 1.0 1.5 0.0 s 171 2.5 81 3
53. E7206 54 22 5.5: MH-0-F S SM S TO 2.0 2.5 0.0 s 320, 4.8 66 3
----------- ---- I ---- --- 1 -- ~~~. 1 i _____ A ____a____
3 and accessions
Accessions 1 to 22 seeded on February 24, accessions 34 to 4 seeded on March
from 49 to 53 seeded on March 9, 1967.
Table 2.--Characteristics of snap bean varieties in the replicated trial. Planted February 24, 1967.
Harvested April 22-May 1, 1967. Everglades Experiment Station, Belle Glade, Florida
Marketable Disease
yields Reading
0 0 d C)4
Sa p ao P
4--3 0- 0 0 0 HU 0 ,
to 5 o 0 Id 4-
Variety 4 1 p- 0 0 4 .4 oo !
23. Harvester (check) 61 18 5.2 D R VS VU S TO 3.0 E 451 6.7 70 4 2.0 3.5
24. Astro 61 17 5.1 D O-R VS S SC TO 0.0 E 457 6.8 81 3 2.0 3.0
25. Tenderette 61 21 5.0 D R S S SC TO 4.0 E 420 6.2 82 2 4.0 5.0
26. H27-5 61 21 4.9 M R VS S S TB 1.0 E 370 5-5 80 4 3.0 5.0
27. Bush Blue Lake -274 61 19 4.6 M R S S SC-VC TO 2.0 E 357 5.3 58 3 2.0 3.5
28. Greenpod L3317 62 21 4.8 D H S S S TO 1.0 E 345 5.1 67 3 1.0 3.0
29. Greenpod f64467 60 20 5.2 M O-R SR S S TO 3.0 E 448 6.7 55 3 0.5 0.5
30. Cascade 61 17 5.3 M R S S SC TB 2.0 P 267 4.0 80 3 0.0 3.0
31. KB-2-11 61 16 4.5 M R SR VC TO 2.0 E 348 5.2 71 1 2.0 1.0
32. E3111 61 21 4.7 M H SR S SC TO 0.0 E 283 4.2 65 3 1.0 4.0
33. Idelight 61 20 5.0 M H VS-SR VU-S S CS 1.0 E 392 5.8 71 3 1.0 0.1
LSD .05 9
.01 12
Table 3.--Processing characteristics of bush beans harvested May 2, 1967
Color Li uor
l avnTrl
Bean Color
e Redsl
Defects
Maturity
Grade
Variety ---
light green light green insect defects some strings
Idelight clear good some lighter 4.8 apparent seeds hard, red B
light green
l leF.ar
nnod I
all darkt green
8.6
slignh
mushiness
no strings
1 I
le Lke lea goo al dak geen .6 ushnes
.low DU
corod
uln-i f'm vEpi7i YLJ
F1igOht
(wax)
358
326
Nitrates-ppm
Raw processed
.
3
2
c2
Ki nug I Wax' y" ,, good I junior llo sl
light green
cle r
al I rlnrk aee~n
11..2
some mushiness
slougrhing
light green green,
Harvester I_ clear fair light green mixed 5.6 slight some strings B 296
slightly turbid very
light green ood
mn~p
darlrk crcen
7i6
nc strinrr5
264
s Ig. g.
Earl Ga a -,--
1ight green
noor
med. & dark: sreen
4.8
some sloughing
405
C
C.
slightly turbid
Green pod 64467 light green poor med. green 6.4 some sloughing C 313 2
slightly turbid
X Ida.-121-13-1 light green good med. light green 8.6 slight B -
slightly turbid
X Ida.-121-15-1 light green fair med. & light green 3.2 poor texture c_ 313 2
T~cr-?Q-O)-1
slightly turbid
light green
good
med. green
4.2
slight
Id __._ 4 l ------- 4 g 1grn.s h
slightly turbid
11 ght. r'ppn
hnrin-y
P. 1 irrht crp"pn
m-r ~atw r F
296
264
L55
61
445
i27
-45
-70
!85
!37
-75
65
240
237
slightly turbid f 270
X Ida-2346-1 light green good jmed. & light green 2.4 slight A _______ 270
Tda. -15-3
I 0
P o
ro
rw~o
TT_ --J -^.--
L
2
n~~ln f~lTP
.mt 7 nr.r ~lp~p
~, ,nrlan~.m; +a
good
snm~ 8~cnle~hina
|
