-L N it'
e
A S
yr ~~'r
Ia.^?\
c -"
TUN OIL
^'.
i.~"S.j
DeuWd
Canr
Booth
Ti m Pmrosd eo the Faculty of the Graduate School of
T Uiverit of Forida
S. w.
1C' riP .'
-1-
-EL ENAT DISCUSSION
Although the
a dtevlowpn
prieont
* them
type
aquer
oture
a& use
9Jn r
no1ent
orian.
Uo.
ltan are
K *- -
mail
o bMv
lag
uRMn
oatoua
eew -
a lsaewU
objects.
typeo
he.
iasoript lons
ProTT-
oa the
Bo-
SrT.
inflation
havia
treted
suoh
subs
nr
osam laonea
Alt-
* -n
res
earlier
type
oflO
aitton
an'
u80
being used.
for
ahrin klT
andM
Pro-
t-tine
the
linam
atirpla
, tor
ooa.ting
Marty oloth
bookbinding
an'
a substitute
upholstering,
for
for lather
uurfciig
bass,
OPPer
an'
Slive
S an'
e-r
for
coating
proaue atificial
parl s.
the
potstest
for
laouer at
resent
the
auto-
blle
Industry,
oan
enlM
tniai
rqpidly
replaogx
S ioh Mrao
the
prvlous-
use
almost
ealUrlTVnly.
hurni
L.rta .
awa
An~nine
intara
- l -
t in
a very
proauoe
mW
i
rl
.I
r.u
-At
apopIr ,
outs tending
diflerenoe
between
a laoouer
and
an oil
base
varnih
the
time
ArylnS.
peyrxlina
laoquer
ill
dry
hard
from
six
tea
hours
a0*
twelve
tort-ei ht
hours
an ordi
oil
base
mriah or
paint.
Laequers a
and
hren
the
rapitl
reapration
rlatle
solvents,
oxtdation
while
lined
ohiarly
oil
or other
the
trying
slow
oils
oauea
the
during
an4
larauing
vama anm
pai*
era
laeuar
belongs
the
noted
tfally
of pyrozylin
pro4uo ta,
whioh
inoldesa
photopaphia
l, athar
austitutae,
artificial
silk,
eal-
luloit,
pyralin
and
th
trial
for
all
these
prodto t
oellulose,
mi
an imortant
plant
produo t.
to
oallulo
firnt
nitratad
with
tran
sZlpIurto
and
nitrio
aei
a pro-
ueot
whioe is
as nitroeelulose,
eelluloa0
ait$ta,
,zia,
cUn
ootton,a
or soluble
cotton.
Sraatuia
-Se
reach nearly
aanufaoture
fourteen
about
percent,
twelve
for
percent
lacquer
nitrogen
preferred,
Nitrated
cotton
readily
dissolved
oer-
tain
orpanio
solvents,
suoh
as ketones,
esters
and
aloohols.
Collodion
a colloidal
solution
nitrooellulose
a mixture
ether
and
ethyl
alcohol.
en solutions
nitrooelluloae
are
exposed
ing a t
air,
romparent
and
solvents
more
or less
evaporate
tough f
ilia,
film
nitrocellulose
practically
rthleos
as a substitute
for
a arnisah
film,
beoau
does
quite
not
thin
adhere
and
ellu
brittle.
surfaea
Modern
and
lao quers
gaorrally
consist
solution
speoially
prepared
nitrooelluloae
whioh
a reainoua
trial
and
a softener
pla
tioiser
bare
been
added.
The
resin
imparta
Mardeasa,
durability
and
strength
the
film,
and
in many
oase0
adds
gloss
and
luster.
the
resin
oont ent
laoquers
may
consist
ural
produots
suoh
, oopal,
ad
lear-
-4-
us.
lacquer eoonosition
of these
resins
has
certain
liitat ions
and
no one
theu. oae
usre
aSran
all
lacquer
frma2aa
S
PRO
The
present
,k is
devoted
a stu
la*-
quae
which ller ia
tung oia La
uead
replace
various
poport ions
the
resItn
toerial.
a contination
the
resent t
rk of
was
conduotead
titution
in'
the
school
year
1926-81
Bet
object
a the
intrs uotl.o a
of tung
oil
into
--
the
oil
laequer
til ana
a study ot -the
effect
on the
Sas
OIL
TanM
oil
also
known
Oil)
was
t introuoaed
an abultemnt
into
Europe nrom
Chi
1735 as
Zn China it
has
beea
us.'
tor
years,
a.t
tar
a naberr
pur-
Hent, fl.4na ra
1111
*itl f
tnram *mlain h a m
dtu-
ELooa
...
.
| -
Him|
.4'.
purposes.
s eoured
from
nut
or fruit
the
tung
oil
tree
pressure
or extraction.
may
mentioned
that
Chinese
still
use
crude
and
tive
thods
pressing
and
obtain
a lower
yield
and
poorer
grade
oil
than
that
whioh
produced
more
modern methods.
The
meat
nut
contains
are
kinds
fifty
sixty percent
oonmeroial
tung
oil.
oil
There
market,
"the
The
cold
"oold
pressed
pressed
oil"
oil"
and
has
the
"hot
a pale
*
pressed
yellow
oil"
color,
and
called
"white
tung
oil"
a The
"hot
pressed
oil"
known
"Blaok
tung
oil"
on aooount
dark
color.
"Black
tung
oil"
has
a muoh more
pronounced
odor
than
tung
oil"
'ue
a larger
oentage
impurities
extracted
hot
pressing.
obvious
that
because
color
and
odor
W'blaok
tung
oil"
practically
unit
for
use
paint
and
Tarnish
uiaoture.
oil
fas
on0e
classed
as an adulterant,
unfit
for
use
as a paint
and
varnish material.
This
Saa
per-
Tung
J &
i
n4a
st ennh.
eerthJ.
oil,
when
pro-
pearl
trentS,
beooes
one
the
most
able
valuable
paint
and
varnish materials
hatv
The
treeatent
tung oil
suitable
for
paint
andt
garnish material
oall n
"boT-
inm"
and
the
produot
resulting
froa
this
prooes
knom
asu bod
oil"
plishe
ture
ting
with
the
oil
oertain
nt~ga
o sal
lead
e*,
ana
pxatak e
raw
lin- 1s
oil.
tty
naphtha
or benzol
adaod.
nhe
resulting produot
a olear,
varnish-
oil,
f
ioh
dri
nmoh aore
oily
than
the
oil,
but
tung
nesl
oil
has
* cler,
certain
elastio
outstanding qutl-
ioh
Tal
the
paint
rar
niah indt
try.
will
try
sphere,
and
are
very
hade,
waterproof
and
dut-
tas
um
tMenl
and
-T-
a..F
9ug ial l .
oomnonly
used
the
rine
pain
terproof
paints,
and
"soar"
saper
-' .
Tarni she's
on the
ket
today.
epeolally
useful
paints
and
put
on surfaoes
that
re-
quire
treqwmt
washing
as on the
deoks
boats.
Since
tung
oil
exhibits
suoh
euirable
properties
as a paint
ami
varnish material
reasonable
SeS
it 3ight
useful
as a lacquer
terlal,
aM
that
eht
laoqner
fila
those
popertie
which
a valuable
onsti tutent
inta
a& Taishess.
Whe
per
tal
work upon
whioh
pqper
based
nastrates
that
these
0U8W
tiomu
oorreot.
it :
OTnER
INVESTIGATORS
interesting
note
that
some
eqIerti
tal
woxek
on the
use
tung oil
in laoquer
progress
IKale
predicts
quite
gel-
oral
use of
,ouers
containing
ryina
oils,
and
oesoribes
*eperilents
oh ha
mixZ
raw
tma
oil
'ety
and
thirty
percent
solutions
-S
any
tooount
the nature
Aurbili ty
the
produo ed
uoh mixtures.
*. ooa
tng
began
prepare
tung
tion.
oil
his
investigation
tiafastory
ateotly
reported
laoquer
a nitrooellulose
results
as follow
attempt-
adding
solu-
RBaw
tung oil
ized
ith
a solution
nitrooel-
lulose
tuwr
(about
SBKe
1:8)
an apaquet
and it
a found.
fil of very
low
that
the
tensile
strength
billty.
istto
The
gras
ni trooelulose
one0
solution
coo0nd,
0on-
Cotton
dis
lved
160
ar-S
butyl
aoetate
andu
grams
butanol"
Shet
results
were
the
as those
desoribet
ison
ua follows:
"The
oil
a te teno
gire
with
pyroxylin,
QAuo
very
low
11eil
strength
or dor-
ability,
but
properly
proo e
sed
oil might
prove
of value"
the
next
step
in blood's
consisted
hat-tr
.tins
the
oil,
or buyingg"
with
per
I
C
-9g
oent
by night
glyoerol
two
hpndr.e
de-
e.
Oenticrade
for
one
hour,
and
then pasaing
sup-
heatedd
1ift
degre
remove
any
through
the
Oentigtade
uLees.
oil
for
glys ol.,
one
orty-fi ve
his tr
and
minutes
eatent
orted
oil
ware
a clear,
reddish
colored
pro-
duet.
Mr.
floo
found
that
the
bodied
oil aind
reAtily
with
solutions
ni troo ellulose,
giving
lacquers
tram
which
soft,
weak fi
were
obtain-
able.
reoognise
the
fact
that
the
bodied
oil
showed
real
possibilities,
but
found
desirable
direet hi
attention
another method
intro-
(uoing
nmg
oil
laoquer.
There
details
utffieient
no need
flood's
say
here
further
that
inTe
into
the
tigation,
a special
heat
actual
but is
treat
stare
eater
and
oil
suooeeded
producing
a yathetio
resin
ioh
was
elear,
4 4
trane-
t end
hard
.eue
ratures,
and
oontain-
hts h am
thirty
naraant
tuni
oil.
Thi
avTtha-
Si
tnge
-10-
and
olJar.
The
produced
from
these
lao-
were
practically water white,
clear,
tough
and
ious
durable, After
oombinationa o:
te:t
experiment
solvents
and
tilenta
with var-
Shood
proet u
a laeque
ompare favorably with
.
two
popular
rolial.
laqouers.
found,
how-
wer,
that
the
tung
oil
laoquer
after
stanf-
ig for
time
brittle,
losing
0so0
its
adhrenroe
ana
plastioity.
oounteract
this
plastioiser was
added
dibutyl
phtha-
late.
A series
laoo
prepared
Oonltain-
ing
10,
anU
percent
dibutyl
phtha-
late
based
on ttght
dry nitrooellulose
pres-
ant.
Tese
laoQuers
were
clearer
than
ptade
used
ooparison,
and
did
not
blush
hunid
weather.
They
re hard,
msaoth,
and
very
tough,
adhering well
surC oe.
Quer
-11-
XPBDIUDITAL PART
he
t part
this
investigation
consist-
the
preparation
the
best
laouTer
that
had
been
ade
. n.
in order
Ieoure
soan
additional
durability
on the
the
effeot
the
the
laoquer
tagn oil
had
the
follow-
in'
owO
aition;
oquer
Pea
wight
utlos
(try)
Erter guo
a ~oil
Xhano
seema -nee-e a-- aa --crne
19.21
4.4)
1.44
Remi
8.2
thyl1
atake
e-e ---------a
6.'7
Oee
e---- -------- nai a
baoe tone
alcohol
see -- -- --- ee- rrn
3.00
elua
a o me
-------------- -ec -- as- a-can er
- a eec macmean- -ee-e- -- fl-
13.50
a oquea
inolusive,
were
then
pre-
pard.
Ihr
erae
identical
with laoquer
esoept
&ka.b I A l All
asA
nAme awi t
.waMnant vat w
m0.00
S.
I
*1a-
Laequoer
inolusive
were
identioal
with
Iaoquer
ezogpt
that
tuna
oil
usedt
m*
Eter
alone
uad
laoue
toll
as the
iB.
rosin,
OOP
hor
sition;-
sonw
Po eat
]Ntro olluosee
flter
]lthanl
(tcy)
ace- eass ca
pp --- en see s
- V -
5 ,78
8.24
Ithl
aoetate
so mom- men- z -
6.7T
1 it
Dlantor ale
*-l -mI *---- *
see ansese --sees-- a
S80.00
5.00
me msn z
ease
1, SO
o0lmOe
S-se- ma- n e- es- mo se
15. 0
A flas ne
Introal.
*ster
Uas
lisht
ber oolor
an'
very
olear,
having
as ai
*r ot
5S.6
The
turn
oil
us A
SFlorI
0119
the
tieoiatty
nesrllln.
The
soen-
the
- .
oil
* I
were
I *4y*
a aces
0,1416
- t .
Sits ite n
Inxax
* e0.)
1.1T
Ml
ear ---cmss- 0b5
5.,
p onltltt
No.
ease r50-5 -0
191.
4.-
I" nqlp~
~
03*3..
-NOT
07 TONG
OIL
LAQUER n
thne
twelve
laoquers
three
etsk
tal
vere
up.
brn*
Mas.
woto
were
us; ;
oak,
orpren,
and
pine.
Xaoh
panel asaured
6 by
5/'
inohe
The
pan
were
carefully
Iand. '
The
lacoqers
were
applied
with
a bruh,
two
ooats
eaoh panel,
tihe
first
ooat
lightly
befon
applying
the
seoonA.
hoH
peel
aw
Aitiaed
half
an'
carried
two
laoquerrs,
littered
only
the
preseno
eaoh
or obsenoe
uas
fade
oil.
One
with
extra
the
panel
outstanding
a---m
roiaX laoquers
on the market,
designated
Laaqoar
and
After
the laoquern
had.
been
applied,
the
baoks,
tides,
and
enda
the
panels
re ooated
with
red
paint,
lapping
the
laoquer
surfaoe
about
a quarter
an inch
completely
seal
the
w0ed
from air
and
ij-
tUfe.
This
a to
prevent
isture
froa
seeping
seeath
the
an4
thus
false
results.
O pan
Soonaisting
three
sets
swe
eaoh,
re exposed
on the
roof
the
aa-L
pan-
unting
mung
enaal
giing
penel
__
1
L
-14'
that
the
laoquers
containing
tuna
oil
were
more
durable
than
those
wi thout
tunge
oil.
This
belo
s well
as in
the
photogrphs
srreral
panls.
onmoT
* laquer
ADDITION
bha
TONG
been
OIL
prepared
LAO QUR
containing
iunt
tung
oil
the
form
oil-easter
resins,
an'
obsezred
that
presence
tung
oil
hat
a beneeioial
erfeot
on the
durability
the
, it
of bodied
ats
tung
eoidAed
oil
att
laoquer
the
sO as
direct
replace
addition
nariosu
proportions
ester
The
oil
"boeaie"
aooording
the
following
prooeedure;
855
U r-
Florida
tumn
oil
together
U-
lyroerol
parent
by weight
the
oil)
were
heated
* Ceatigrade
for
one
hour
and
. Than
superhateA
waa
passed
thra
the
ail
for
about
thirty minutes
the
ezoes.
gelyoerol.
heo
results
were not
ezaotly
as expected,
for,
although
the
oolor
had
not
changed
muoh,
oil
a eleouy appeanoe
after
cooling
which
appears
81.9
4
2 .
'1%.
S31
41
114
'It
I
At
* *
*L {,;y
OK
*' r.GC~9
OK
OK
S Ttr
Nri O!L
rumG OIL
30,T DP
Stl
MA!!i~T
TUJM Oft
0*1 -S .
'I ,
b'Ft:.I-
'( N~
.'a
I -..
.; -li
'.> #, w &&
~~r~t
* ~ ** ~ r
OK
OK
OK
OK;
O!K
..K **^
* 4 *
4 '- ..
:ti
CIJ iS
,Oh
201x
I
~ -
OK
'4
.1 Or
,ct.~j
.A
i" .i 'Z *
* 4'
in'
-Ah^Ki-tA, J
r i
^^ ^^4
Ni~
OK
O e
* U1i k it o
(4t~*
71~
-.1
:.c~ie
' -"
-,
a,
C I"
4' -I
.,: :4
'n..r-
OK
,r
# ^t
g*-*1
.4'
, v,> -
- x 4
A.
a,
-C
~%j* 4~fl~~ry
1~~
3'
Ca''
S,
A'
r, IS
.4
-St,
Ji~qtti
k .. I
bflx 4.
*. ~- S
s'~ "LX
* *-~
*K ,T
.5r
4:
S'
y-Ni
AbsIr
- 9 ^74
" -(
~- /* 04'.
* i*. ,ri:
--N
al
I
1: c I
*/ 'P'
4
I
hfvtCa Ci'~
ao
'a
S
I
S
I
h
I
S
i
I
r
I
F
7- V72'
6'
Lm .
I"
r, r,
. L-
t-
C-
C) K
cr) ~?;
k (l
JK
OK
.,I
Po%P
'"'rt
' *
. i
i$1,
TU .,C
T'I NG)
TiNd
( N
~K'
,04, Ia0m1
vac' 4 e
I I.. I -1~-- --r-
,I i\
OK
zc'
OIL
30 S
CbS
C)OK
P S
O K\
( TK
Oh
)O
(tickeR "I.
ortu
I IT r- --r.- r-
. K
()IN
I I I
( '"
O I
k )
SOh
Cam^cto f.t
onE conaru.
CRa-
or,(
I
:Kc0 on
trio
OK
u(nit rlr
m&Aipa<
Sust c OVUA
.4.~~
Tw BtTT41.l
1IAAN <41.
b A r i
C(RAtKFo.
VuIN
MItrhI
CVUCKm In
rA~ Y rc',rp
rte CRACYKS
rmots q3I~gs
1t.
%l aik I
ACeOam bkA
rfvrRas
CcOCKS AW
CuAckro
IACewf 4gmnip
o %. b
44,r
'I
p
S.
-I
t -
I
* 7
A: 'iT
U '5
I~-"
r
d 'SC
1~nV.,
,*~w crab
Ac (a~hJ
SstsleirM~
*4 *
M i
E]
----
~
9
i!L;
L -
) I-V
,;IIt, I IT
;; k
04A -
r~
r
C.
(.)
I **&m
~ri
d
haqtuez
ntflr
on pine
oent of
containss tung
plastiiol .)
oil
m l
phLto
nre
bu on
nll as
January
those
5, 19i8.
a
- "
oil
I.
- .1
* <
Shose
S. 19;
4. **
que
on pine
ao quer
on piun
Laoquer 34 on oak containss tung oil
and 50 per oent plasticizer.)
foquer 44 on oak (free from 1
contains 80 per oent of plastl
Laequer
on oypress
Laquer
on press
Laoquer 36
and 60 per
on oypess containss
cent of plastioizr.)
tung
oil.
Laoquer 46 on
oil, contains
oiser.)
oypress (trn
60 per cent
Laoquer 52
and 10 per
on oypreaass containss
oent of plasticizer.)
tunw
oil
Laoquer 42 on
oil, contains
oizer.)
oypress
10 per
(free
oent a
-1-
was
then
reheated 1 u.der
reduced
pressure
for
one
hour
150I
Cenmtilsrade.
This
treatment
elari-
ftie
the
product o onsiderablDy
but
still
had
creamy,
yellow
turarbidity.
this
treated
tung
oil
was5
dissolved fl n
a mixture
equal
parts
benzene
and
toluuanb,
the
solution
wasb
slightly
turbid,
although
suspended matter
oould
re-
moved
thru
paper.
en Florida
tung
oil
heated
win
ester
no olouAineas
ob-
sered,
the
tiMm shed
product.
sample
rt-
tung
oil
that
;ras
bodied
Mr.
Flood
became
red
color,
the
but
difference
mned
perfeotly
bereenn
the
olear.
action
The
oause
Florida
and
Chinese
tung
.-n
heat
treatment
has
not
yet
ben
explained.
The
olaritia
, pale
yellow@
solution
bodied
tung
oil
was
usele
making
several
lacquersa,
*
which
ve called
'bodied
tung
oil
lacquers"
* In mak-
ing
these
boied
tung
oil
laoquers,
same
for-
nlaa
used
atu *n
the
previous
laoquers
except
the
composition
the
resin
was
varied.
Thia
was
thought
best
way
which
effeots
Wlhen
filtrathl0o
I
-16-
The
laoquers
were
prepared
as before.
The
nitrooellulose
was
dissolved
solvents;.
the
bodied
tung
oil
and
ester
gum,
or tung
oil
alone,
aooording
the
lacquer
being made
were
dis-
solved
the
benzene
and
toluene;
and
finally
two
solutions
were
Sizd.
the
tion
composition
ns constant
the
nitrooellulose
throughout,
only
solu-
neoe8ss
ary
differentiXate
lacquers
the
various
per-
oeatages
tung
oil
used
the
resin.
The
list
be-
gives
the
tabulation
laoquers,
and
the
perentagesu
bodied
tung
oil
used
the
resin,
the
balance
resin
being ade
eater
8-
Laequer
resin
contains
1t% Biled
Oil
257.
38%
45%
657.
T5%
loo7%
Tung
-17-
but
this
disappeared
on drying.
The
laoquer
had
good
flow
and
dried
touoh
twenty minutes.
Two hours
hardness
after
(by
dipping
fingernail
the
and
films
kife)
were
and
tested
was
for
in-
tereating
oil
note
content
that
harder.
laoquers
Laoquer
high
tung
produced
that
was
stronger
and
harder
than
all
the
oth-
ers
and
Sinoe
closely
bodied
;as .
tung
resaebled
oil
o ted
the
dries
that
the
from
and harden
laoquers
lacquer "A
very slow-
containing
the
higher
cono entrations
oil
would
remain more
or less
time.
soft
This
tand
was
tao k
not
for
observed
a considerable
practise,
period
however.
All
the
bodied
twng
oil
laoquera
dried
and hard-
ended
approzi
tely
rate.
The
bodi
tung
oil
aots
as a resin,
rather
than
as a drying
oil
these
lacquers.
Due
vious
the
the
weather
pine
faot
tests,
or oypre
that
had
and
the
held
were
oak panels
nuoh
not
the
better
so prone
pre-
than
oraok
or wrp,
was
decided
use
only
oak
pan
testing
the
lao quers.
The
only
difference
__ _
-18-
asr
rubbeA
and
allowed
drr for
a day
to.
The
surp luS
oil
was
removed
ith
a 1i
MIeane.
filler
te
for
object
wood
and
this
was
an unemrooat
proTde l a.
for
laouer.
Xaoh
panel maasure4
6 by
3/4*
imohm,
as before,
and
was
divided
into
halves
ac-
laoquers.
Below
a able
showing
the
results
the
exposure
tests.
*^-" .-1
^ *i T *
^ p'"
',r L C|il O Iti-
* or
atrt
15 t BTO.
StS*sUM
reROuM
35s B.T o
651foE STR aGuM
j *'
.-
S.
4-
U I
-I
CIX QI'(
45 TO
SNEL)utf
r* ~ ts '^Sa&-!-
3cr--,
*4*f tfl,^
i *^e ^'1 w-~'-1 -f
~u ^ P9? *' \.i^ t T
i. 1 At t J j t ,- tjfc _t-
OK'^V f'V-
* I.*c. -.
* *- n r.
'*, ..-^
;Y T
+ Ih
01 '> -, k
- I- 1 I I .----- ---
4I Krr IGu
i- I ..--.I------------------------
35%. EsTrR GLn
1To
E R CTERGuJ
1 I I .I
toce: r.
tM OLy CuACKCo
'ko st
11,,.,,,
. MAC H
I I I,. .
t1UtR TMlrA 5e
I I
~uA'. -
41ML o-l*.
^S^'F --*::'.
^.t iA. -
4.
COK
I
II,
I
,AtCH
S
k 17
* i -<^ .*'"
?( jK ~ J' v-^
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r$ .4i-
-S r\
^' -
- a-
i.
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(fly '-
t!r~tI &* ~
U~%A&1K ti
85%E
I
I
55 e'
S.L
'. '-
: ,, --
f
t'^"'~ *w ~^ "
/\;;r
I
ihd,-.c
; i
I
T. Q
'75% f
is:~+B i^$
OK
OK
C) K
OKI
COK
55s60TO
OK
C)OK
C) K
0
C)K
(O K
OK
OK
OK
M 4
MA CC
GO E
-19-
BODIZD
TWO
OI,
LACQUERS
WITH PLASTICIZER
After noting
the
surprising
and
interesting
result
hioh
were
obtained
with
the
bodied
tung
oil
a laoquer
film it
rwa
decided
try
some
the
best
laoquers
with
aibaty1
phthalate
plastiioer.
lea
eaoh
the
best
laoquers,
ant No.
twenty,
forty
and
izxty
percent
Albutyl
phthalate
(based
on the
iaht
nitrooellulose
present)
,a added.
These lae-
quers
were
then
applied
panels
(oak)
aa de
orib-
previous
test
and
ezpo sed.
was noticed
brushing
these
.oquers
on the
panels
that
68 laoque
fled more
readily
than
the
oluer.
Al..
that
with inoreaasng
amounts
tieinr
the
and
brushing
qualities
the
eoque
ere
salt rray,
inormaed.
laeoqered
and
pperanore
he.
1926)
aay
was
a poor
these
Srainyg,
for
applying laoquers.
A1n
panel ,
however
were
elear
an'd
tbou
even
a temporary
bluash
with
a aa ..*-
a
a-
a
__
- L
-1
e-0E
Ioiate
that
the
tung
oil
was
rating
a moisture
reirstanoe
tila.
8a-
les
laoquers
and No.
were
also
exposed
this
time
tor
oawlri
son.
Belo
a table
showing
results
the
eosure
tests
on these
lao quers.
They were
put
out
on the
root
the
irs r
building at
ma i
a of
forty-five
degrees
and
southern
exposure
1928.
w~r a
CRob c3tU)14
c~rcttCr6 .
JEWy (IME
N*~oizT cQCKs
-L cOVE2.
.I Iv~e
I -9%
C2.ACpo
ALL OVV.l
..1*r
17 .q .- 7~
f, *' *.***' .
I .1 4~ r 4 -1---- Ir -. I- 1 'I-?IT
11
Ar
Rir ~aRT wt
IA~ULI9-
U)4' Y
PJWML ~@cJ
sbnQuI CtSD
t43A.' CerrCwU.
LoMQ c.cKs
V411Nb i meikl
IsMOz C DIs
BEXA.? tfACKcw.
4UAIfl rI.I
f4t -b4O'!
Cr.ACK ALL
VII F a
FILM OK
sALYV
CRAC~Kto
^%-%. avea.
1IInt CUJ..
ALL *VVLe.
1-'i
-- CI-Al--
S.OK Q) K CCK 0 AK
60% OK AO K 0 K:..A
or. A.
'- __ __ __ __ .-' .... ( 51.0% __ _ _
IO ')<0 )K C~) K O ` trc~w
r ...r
T6 J,
: :-. OK
FIFW CbtDOITVl1t
- i i 9 9 --.
OK
OK tieCf
POIL n.
.-
I4
*~ -p
A.
i c
Ii
I i-''.2
,*. '
I-- 4-- I--
OK
iAY 17
UAC K,.
COK
OK
OK-,
*
(i)' '
4oZ'
*1*;/
OK
I
7* 1..
OK
014f. LOrucm
WOOD MACK
FILM OK.
3MALL SPD1D
~n5* ;~~; ,
$43
;< *^ a
*o a '.
N
5R4 i
.*.~~- Id
a
(
1'
V!
I
rob "O
.r -,-1.
*
I I
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,
S~at, :
''
a~~ -
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S \.
". *. ,*
t ::1
,~..te
.OK
r
~~cb~l
481-
DIIONAL LOOYa
ADDITJIONA~L LABOR,~ORY
DATA.
Reain
Ester
OuA
Boasian
(pale)
a------ S
250
Glyoerol
ese ----
Bos*in
and
glycerol
were
heated
together
an open
flask
140 *
reflux
condenser
was
attached
the
flask,
and
Ias
then
passed
thrn
the
charge
while
the
temperature
was
raised
840*
The
ftur
na
then
heated
240 *.
290'*
without
and
kept
890 .
for
an hour
a half.
was
then
passed
until
penratre
dropped
8S0*
The
product was
then
poured
out
and
allowed
cool.
The
eater
gum
was
very
oiar,,
deep
red
col-
hard
(like
rosin)
and
easily
powdered.
The
aoid
number
was
7.08,
when
determined
a benzene
and
toluene
solution
using
Iphthalein
a in-
Lieator.
(4).
Gad-er, "Papera
IS flbae4 an
on Paint
and
Tarnish"
-38-
Resin
Estfer
Rosin
(pale)
---- ----- 250
Olyo erol
-I- -------- e
he
sture
18as
heated
without
stema
890*
usinq
a reflux oondenser.
The
temperature
kept
890*
tor
about
three
quart era
hour.
Wheoa
appeared
olear,
eed
until
the
0D
erature
dropped
23Oes .
(T!o
rea
a for
passing
thi
point
ve any
eoeasl
glyoerol. )
The
product
then
poured
out
and
allowed
cool.
The
ester
'as
olar,
but
lightly dar
than
Resin 1.
It was
hard
andt
easily powdered..
aaid n
er war
19.5.
The
above
two
reaina
were
adeo
identical tIn
0031-
itloen
but
ditffering
temperature
control
trmaent.
It made
a differenoe
the sa:
or and
a slight
inteMded
ter
oould
Aeoided
Ohange
used
oolor.
n. up
use
ourtd locally,
having
tOes'.
laeouers
rolal
a fine
and
a 1
aoit number.
were
raa
vhiah
Oma
:but
a loo
-a8-
aesla 5.
tasg
011
- Xster
GB Mixture
e S
aung
ter
011
(rlori4a)
Gum
oaneroial)
78.6
13.17.
516.0
86.0%
Glycerol
S- -a e-
5.4
00.9
S a -
be
eter
gua had
an avoid
number
5.6,
and
S
the
The
tung
oil
above
(tlorida)
sture
was
had
an avoid number
heat ed
a round
4.32.
bottom
having a
vent
but
no reflux
oondenear.
The
nature
was
raised
slowly
25*
Laun
kept
for
until
an hour
the
and
a halt.
erature
fell
was
o80 .
then
The
passed
mix-
tue
aus
poured
out
and
allowed
oool.
The
protuat
very
olear,
light
er color,
hard ana
brittle.
The
toid number was
6.15,
ealt
aTun
Oil-ster
Gum Mixture
Tong
i0
(florida)
en
14T.6
--
a4.6%
ter
Gloerol
roial))
m ------------r
444.0
8.4
- le
7t4.07.
1.4%O
1.4%
te mtrt e
trials
was
were
heated
the osam
the
ua ued4
a aennOr
in Re
as ResinS.
there
ofter
than
the
proceeding
gu~.s
The
avoid
ber was
6.60.
BResi
Tuna
0il
- hster
GQa Mixture
Twng
Oil
(rlorida)
e e-m
147,6
one-
24.6%
sater
o meroia l)
444,0
---
74.0%
Qlyerol
- e--s mes m
8.4
1.47.
The
mixture
was
heated
a7Sb
for
hours,
after
rhiah
'as passed
until
ra-
ture
Aroppedl
180
was
then
poured
out
and
allowed
cool.
The
product
was
a olear,
transparent,
light
yellow
was
hard,
fairly
brittle
but
taok .
The
aoid mn
s 5.30.
No.
ant NO.
5 are
the
sn.
oompo-
action
only
but
differ
apparent
lightly
difference
time
the
twro
heating.
resina
The
the
aidt
This
e a desirable
for a
low
avoid
number
imperative
laoquer
oon-
sti
tani
mDo
Itb
-28
LaOquer
(floo'
No,
Non-volatile
matter
ss57
Nitrooellulose
(ry )
-- 320.4
-- 76.997,
Resin No.
Tolatile
416.4
liquid
- 2S.
100.0
- 757.
Ethyl
]thl
Iso-awl
alcohol
aoetate
--a--- a
fie a---- a
aoetate
157,4
112.8
499.8 g.
"-
---
a7
)
407.
Dmacetone
aloohol
50.1
47.
boluene
Baenne
ma- -----a-a- n
em- a- ----a--f
885.0
88225.0
7867
36
1&50. 1
100.0 %
Te
nitrooellulo
* used
was
" regular
soluble,
1/'
seconAd
viscosity pyroxlin"
h Biroules
Pol-
Cer Company,
the
per
nLton,
nitrooell1 I
* .,
"olvents.
Delaware,
wer
kindly furnish-
in" theaq
all
hi, I 'a
higli erade
laoquer
0oal1
products
fad tif
'tor' the
laoquer
indum-
Sre
nitrooe llulo
e waAs
dia
IrOd
the
etbyl
alcohol,
ethyl
ao tate
iso-anyl
maotate,
and
diaoo-
01%
ex-
Ttifc
* *
efle
plete,
they
re miodt.
Laoquer
(Flood' s
but
without
tung
oil.)
Solid
257.
Nitrocellulose
(dry)
320.4
76.o9%
Resin
(Bater
Gum)
a- e
-- II
46.4
100.0
ni%
Liquids
S7%
Ethyl
Ethyl
alcohol
aoetate
-l- -------
13T.4
ao%
---)
aoetate
499.8
Diatetocno
aloohol
80.1
aI
Tbinen
Nasa
sea---nsen ease
2M5.0 .
se
567k.
100.0
Laqouers
base
No.
laoquers
and
hioh a
were
series
used
as the
laoquers
were
varying
only
the
peroentages
plastiaxe.
leurq
adding
poroeant
Nos.
lao que
dibutyl
and
No.
phithalate
mte
an'
respeotively.
aneh
ease
a one
hundred
psam
lao quer
- a a
F
gai io
4o%
a
*ff-
ahe
dW
S- C -
- .4-
ero
ois -
* we1i
cyslqt,
ntao oelluloa
ent.
a similar manner
lac queras
HO8.
and
nere
prepared.
this
oase
however
the
ba8se
Laoquer
was
whioh
contained
no tung
oil.
having
wo
lao quers
with
the
same
oompo
ition
ex-
- Sp
oil
ble
the
tnsa
oil
the
-; ^^ ,( ,
^.~ -^
'(<- ;-
r<* Q^;-
fI oot
1:^
r'*
*
Laoquer
ame
rroal
automobile
spray
laoquer. )
lacquer
containss tUi
plastoixsr.
oil
and
sirty percent
Lacquer
(resin
tagn
ontent
oil.)
100
percent
bodied
Laoquer
(fein
content
oil and
is 100 percent bodied
60 percent plastioiser.)
CONCLUSION8-
CONLNUSIONS
Bodied
tung
oil
may
incoorporated
direot-
into
a laoquer
without
first
preparing
as a special
resin.
Tung
and
oil
gives
durability,
and
the
with
laoquer
increasing
film added
mount
strength
the
oil
the
wearing
are
inore aed.
The
tune
oil
laoquer
aots
as a resin
rather
as a drying
oil,
for
in no
way
appears
Tun
anLoe
slow 1p
oil uape
oisture,
the
hrts
and
drying
the
time
laoquer
deoreses
lacquer.
film resist-
tendenoi es
blush
whem applied
a sphere.
Laoquers
containing
tuMg
oil
oOe r
very
far-
orably
durability
and
wearing
qualities
with
the
aaeroal
produo ts
now
on the
market.
qualiti ea
ACI:IO;VLODGSE:'
The
appr
author
Dr.
expressB
AIliter
sincer
under
whose
direction
and
with
whose
kind
assist-
ande
wea
able
complete
this
work.
4083
/y
|