$fl{UENTt OFCI CMATE"
WITH.
SPECIAL REFERENCE
TO THE
SCLITMATE- OF FLORIDA.
BY
S FREDERICK D.IfENTE, A. M., M. D.,
, ifemlter of Board of Managers of. Hudson River State Hospital; of the Council of the
:' University of the City of New York; of the New York County Medical Society; of
the New York Neurological Society; of the New York Medical Journal
s. ociation; Corresponding Member of the New York Medico-
S Legal Society; H onorary Member of the North Carolina
State Medical Society, etc., etc.
P, MM AUGUST NO. RICHMOND AND LOUISVILtE MEDICAL JOURNAL.
S'' LOUISVILLE, KY.:
D A" fewI3Im KBDICAL JOUIAL BOOK AND JOB- rBAm PURNT
e r o '4kw 2d dnorer we# of rP-offd a
^^^*Kzj^^^^' *tate <*^;-p _y e, :'%
AvrS O I~MN N OUBIt EIA ORA,
KM*
^K.-
4r
N' e;
V
'^'f
. "'* *
t'/ .)
ENTS
CLIM
which
I had
honor of reading
io:Health Association two
to enlighten
years ago, in
public, and
on
onl
subject of the climate of
FoPio ,
as a health resort, and especially to remove c
d ideas and prejudices which have become wide-spr
pl-y-oote4 in northern communities. It is someti
ug that this should be the case with medical men, se
vTi uormationcon the subject has always been a
Siie volumes of the
" Medical
Statistics of the.
Sthe "'Army Medical Reports" and the "Reports f t
Aint-iGneral' Office," embracing statistics covering a 8apao
r jhan forty years, which are, of
course, thoroughly u,:
They are particularly full of information
*otieogy and endemic
influences of Florida.
however, a number of northern physicians have pf
*I,i '*t~
rtions of
ron-ig.
a winter
verdict of
Florida, and
these has
been
number
unifora
,as also that of the various surgeons of the army
w #tationed
there,
some of
them
several
C*bAole war1
N>a 0non- the
The earliest visitors apd
I ,shore of Florida,
f their exprinece and sentiments,
"tg e -hiia"tio terms of her cite
r'oni tb ibjdc t in the present nent
'I
ali madner, and inese4 it(
bS livebrverer winters i t
as ?^-'
befiin
11^^k .L l
4' iqiiries sr
iM7 ao rIeauetsd,
while a log*r'
extensive acquaintance
t climate for several
lt
years, will
oaidence on oertin -topics
if m- first publication.
question
of climate is confeeedse
Ihe amount of definite, practiold
gather on the subject from thb
of them
quite
voluminous,- isvery
one.reads and
the more factor
the more difficult
sine .these
teak
observations
of dolka
are Bo
^i'bt theories o confusing at it se6 welt n4ti
adce any valuable therapeutical concliio 4ifD
addreeeed myself to this tck for the pit-fe
ii.all1 the works on Florida from that-e-of iL
it in 164 .as
latest aocesible
LC^/A lJ r
artist to the
publiesatons,
expeditio
indabdi4
'g u'
tjthe
se ;
jeat in 6aesioo
raten
agt met
a\4 a :
iS* A .A
*wa ti-.
oAjiff
.*7"-
>- ShJ^
Maf
*Goerey
;have
-the
r"A
ifirift^^ ^^ro
trT
ttein; yet we
cee in thePr
frko
these
effusaions.
i the "Italy of Ameri~a."
climate .f the various
country and.
But thwi
thalian
resort
mst flattering
u will be furt
4 ar V, n pr n
Saretndioationsa a present
sM
Florida.
If spaoe
her alluded to. '* I
that our idea on the it.
fl "--' M ; .
oliqmate are assuming 'a more definite bha
lized, as it were, around one central point,
aven ae good de#l of perplexity and
siX Arked
6oIes wil
climate
by our
which
patients
my ca?"
we may seize
important qt
there 'any
upon as
SAitMea- for
our -purpose
to one
therapeutic 7?
di -Polonary Oobsumption
t. te indication e that tahe biblid r
ee $arrivipg at.
Ui. tli the greatest
.the
condc uipn
that
inducements to invali "t".
, "
which will
.enable
them
breathe itr
it rdang r of chilling the eurfaoe, or, in
hA vurims th Mgetes ambtst'of pje
brM ter0% the ope to bi prewerrid, payic
aOfS tU-lS 0
the air.
39 Pt 1'
Let mebri*
of three diAlAn
.^^it
KiY4 V-
lieous
atbhing
sL-.-A -.. -
r-T.'-L-^"
. ^ '-p-.
SThey hAve revealed to inaeo
Edition. I ar sure no w ,b
tib&t pulmonaary diseases have v rtl
rce, or erotic esOapes,/and amuch jeS
nearly exclusively (if
we except t
ifted from both
tteW-breathing
oried
parents, I say quite exciuive
of 'foul
close
workshops
lnges
w gp I
of all pnae ie
dusty factgribe
fatal
disease,
while
confirmed
passed
their
days
in the
opera
itatory organs intact,
;e on the rest of their a
whatever inroads theit exob
system If I should go i4tn,
undertake to cure a consumptive, I should
into the
Deiser
(a densely
wooded
: uever) and prevent him from entering & house f,
l'b ,drift of the whole article is to prove, as he o
ioMlAnd4 minterestina anecdotes, many of theta familiC
t of my readers, that dwelling as far as
whether cold or warm, and'breathingL
y, -. '. '- -? ^
leeas ,rOF the
|^r or cre of
bug-bear
of "k taking 4
n .
4M, .
consumption,
&b Urt!leoby Dr. Paul Niemeye,
thib he spethk of oertx 9'
r / / i< ,
wq physioimns an r
htlOn;'of impu, i,
-i *,. -* "''t a i ''
Out
Rflt 'e
* I
sw^'!
wlL.r& i \
YI r ~ 1 1 r
*, J 1 "
breiber, 0
.'* V .*.** .f ^ ^ 5,
Sooldnweathr, :wast
Lbq Viebb Ffacrlty, in ,'a:t
Metewookgical
Society,
of Aiken, for the "Rlichm6nd and lio
also calls attention to the same subject
that "the term climatic," whibh h-a bihbE
.i^employed to denote a vague, indefinite specific, Of w
aS ~ *'I.1 -' ,
account could be given,
appears now
as sometb
Clear and
very
simple,
being
in fact nothing "i-oss
uncontaminated
miasma,
with no
anic substances, and one in which meteoric 'prec
unduly
deficient.
shows
that
rt necuesarily, nor cold air, nor dry .a
wanted, but air in abundant quantity.
nor moio
toot mean to say that there is anything particularly
above
ideas.
Individual
efforts in
this direction
st@
nov4 N
haw
R ,I-*
'^ %!
.l
-Wcf''
e for many years.
Several
years ago a physician ai
would not
allow
consumptive
patients to
a tent,
them
to sleep under the trees itp
r of the locality where he resided.
nician of
Dr. MacObrm
note, insisted, many years ago,
sleep with open doors and
windows,
there
Smption
the hyper-ventilation
Handfield 3J
(' Bte. key-note of the climatic core of conspmp
t a11H*d .diseases. It is not; wonderful that
to 0 tial to ae proper treatment of thee e
riai~ o of pure air hae long been reoognaied
t~efr generation.
tais few iflltgrti
It is hardly zioefuy i
ive examples meAy xiot
.. ^. 14 '* L tf
L "A
^^1:^,'
' /I
th'
(I
/ *
k
J
*
$iag only
who
were
invalided
oved from the cause, and were able to r~t 1
one instance, in the Drblin House -of dia
sct fula was so common as to bethought .Consateij.
in one ward, sixty. feet long and sixteen feet breoadr
thirty-eight
beds,
each containing four
aTmoephere was so bad that in the
durable."
morning, the air
In some of the schools examined by Oi
Sfood was excellent
.(1
I AI
, and the only causes for the exoe~aig
lence of phthisis were the foul air and want
exOrciR.
'was
the case also
in the house and school examined
Arnott
in 1832.
"Two
Austrian
prisons,
in which
and mode of life were,
the following contrast:
it is believed, essentially the sam
-"In
prison- of
Leopoldstadt, at
Vienna, which wa
badly ventilated, there died in
years
1834-
1847.38
-.4
opere out of 4,280,
or 86 per 1,000; and of thee no 1uis;
-- ---
SW or 51.4 per 1,@ died from
phthisis.
There
were
than 42 cases of acute military tuberculosis."
" In the well-ventilated House of Correction in the-sa~mj
pre were in five years (1850-1854) 3,037 prisonMa r of '4
t438 died, or 14
ptf phthisie."*
^these instant
. follow
er 1,000, and of these 24 or 7.9 per 1,Oti
It would be useeless to take up ipmoeiin mui
0ce.
But perhaps some of
Niemeyer will say the majority of
my. medical
.oase ofphtk
tuberoular, but inflammatory
i is abuse.
and are therfre flJ
But few cases of oonsumptiop *thiok .
result from cold,
swrlbed
or the
to exposure,
inflammatory
in otherwise
ohef
Ib prediesposition,
which
.5y of faulty hbbita of
-w ,
natri oa, debiity,
liD, relau
dfcient
S'I
St
a
.2
' ~ f /
-,- ^r
I" *'d
Y_
*
given),
w
., p
ramnlt
-' \
I'
aid scrofula&
ivte to the importance of
'The' zpred 1
thorough veatilat
i of inZny
disease,
as the
almost
our recently-constructed
perfection,
hospitals
fully
*elyJ connected with the amou
Si':will get at a winter resort is
mt of out-door air which an
temperature.
first.
turn
our attention
winter and spring
stature of Florida, and compare it,
That of other places.
as well as its equability,.
I have abridged the following table,
Baldwin, published in the Proceedings of the Flor-
lMedical Association
1874-75
ifkci nvilleo.....................
9 Augustine.............. ......
*ks......................R.......
r.S8myrna, Indian River...
lacida,...........e................
70 06
68.54
70.62
71.80
7162
81.82
80.27
83 57
79.14
8051
70.35
71.73
70.20
62.43
71.66
56.33
58 08
57.18
63.22
60.04
69.38
69.81
69.64
69.17
70.96
'RBeferring
wkL -. S -
to the winter and spring months,
a.
lorida may,
in general
terms,
be compared
p ckl May and September in the Northern States,
the temperature
that
with
some
warm and some quite cool variations,
which will again be
serred
There
is a
very
erroneous
idea
prevalent
with
to the
weather
temperature of the month of April,
March is
and the first
to drive invalids off to seek a
ri ohimat9, under the impression that the
. _beoppreesive.
>Y ., -. -
Though
thermometer,
heat must
temperature of
nece-
April,
may be considerably higher,
y a more agreeable month
than
February
ptrwai tie case th
Sfrom the signal
year.
office
kindness
following table wai
at Jacksonville, for
of Mr.
whi .
Gosewisch,
XAPIBauntmm.
teDr A. S.
I _
O~s~r~j-/.
- -. :
__
*aw~
If *-*-T"
%ft''*-
, li heMf a Mt the eun is,* pd
S:i the afternoon, often somewbate ope ,
always a sufficient sea
breeze% oom mefcingg &t
A. M., and lasting until sundoSwn, to render it
' the shade.
This, indeed, is the caae even in th
testimony
whole
year. 1
Northern
people
who
the early morning,
and the evenings are not unpleasantly warm, as a g.e
that is,
when one has
access
easterly
generally prevails as a sea-breeze at pretty regular 1
army records show that the thermometer in t rida
as high as in most of
course
Northern States and
heat is more continuous.
ir -'e
A temperature,:
which would be felt as very oppressive in the
Northai
except on the seacoast, is in Florida quite endurable,
doubt, to the peculiar configuration
as it does
Sta
, in a narrow strip into the ocean, and
other considerable
bodies
water
scattered
ite, jut
within.
liberaly
surface.
Palatka,
isothermal
passes
through
place,
April
through
Orleans, Teneriffe, Alexandria and Canton.
,* 0 ^
Galvptout,4
.iktJ?
E1 K
rf L
Equality of Temperature.-Writers on medical eli
were at one time disposed to regard this as the most I
quality;
as in the case
and other characteristics, it
the degree of
equability.
dryness,
moisture,
riab
1
is now thought advisable to4
Many traveller who bhae a
a abort time in Florida, and who have been led to look
ptual spring, have been surprised at the not fofreqhfale
certain
months, and. have
disseminated
eromn
e ade
4 *Storida
Al~fif<i(
Ae^W"
^WI-^. '*<
th
is
ieir
frequency and severity.
130 to
which
, and
occur
The dii
for Palatka stilt
longer of
modeate limits, so a apt only
np the most delicate 4'vaidBi
i,c'4^ *^ h- Af^..-^.-^^
/1
-C.
r."
--L
__ I
* '* hat
nO provision agAist
ihto brgi- a saUll brasier of oal in the invhi
r4 t btb deprecated.
fot, ad the wood-fire in
Florida
they
the open fire-place within
boarding-houses are well
furnished, are
.iejnfyed
by all
persons, sick
well.
SThe
eventog.
.re so cool throughout most of the winter, and even
t;6pqtlg, that a wood-fire
^c6m to
evidence
ktre, in his report
is commonly seen
army
officers
in the sitting-
Southgate
" Rarely is the change so great as to iha-
Ithe individual in fair health uncomfortably, and the invalid
Eirvariably sufficient
.General
anMeO, says
Lawson,
warning
speaking
guard
from
against
an extended
Bur-
personal
"The climate of Florida is remarkably equar
proverbially agreeable, being subject
to fewer
atmoe-
ivayiations, and its atmospheric ranges are much less than
S^ other part of the United
Oalifornik" /
Jamaee
Cleark,
'"
A r.
t I
-
4
'4
-
-I.
4.
r'
States, except a portion of the
well-known
work
Climate,
i"A longD
ito health,
residence
in a very equable
even with all the advantages
A Booderate range of
climate
ie not
exercise in
temperature and of
atmos-
* Vi
'' t
n; >i
r a i
-a tios ata
necessary for the preservation -f
'Ir to s more recent authority
1877
and one of
Williams,* eferrink to
the invalid's
,ays
herein
their
mistake;
I 5nd a lotis-eater's land
sQ Afternoon,
liuaM airdid nrog,
health would be rather
M #tlTf' an& diarnha
'n la. -4
S *
aa' '.t ~' .-.~,iv^^^
,-v^. j^f *
i'^
^ -
Mar
3 .*'.
j
_111_
cuiw~
r'^ *
"Ad'
r
OO)8'
,t*
explain
effect
elevation.
effect is due mainly to the necessity fdrpreater
obeat in consequence of
*t A
the rarefactionof the air; 4
S1- i i 1
ascribes it to a cause, among othersja t the rever
-nor
ozone,
oxyd izing
thus
requiring less
parative state
power
lessening
air from
amount of air
e presence
necessary,.
expansion, placing the crippled
as it were.
organ,
all the
been disproved by further observations.
strated," says
Schreiber (op.
cit.),
" that
"It was soon i
the altitude at
immunity come
nced varied
with
latitude,
being
the nearer we approach the
equator, which could not be
the above theory were
correct, the law of
diminished prnes
being everywhere
ony, at
same."
expense of
had nothing to do with
"An
inquiry instituted in
government, proved
immunity,
very
high
that elev
localities
Riesengeberge
exhibiting
large
peros
N phthisis as soon as the inhabitants turned their attention
industrial arts, such as mining
manufacture of
while
on the
other
diminished when the
hand
percentage
people were
engaged
in the low
in agriou
cattle-raising.
In other words, that
it was the abundantq
good air and not any peculiar property of it which eff
. good
results.
are the assertions of
writers as to'the b
'
plete immunity of the natives of high altitudes
the world, in
in other m
the Jauja mountains of Peru, for intanoe,
;.' firmed by later observers, although all agree that C>a
.ie rare;*
but so it is in Florida among the white rac;
c -
in the exceptional
cases
bad food and bad habits.
being, as a general rule,
n fact, it is now suof$l
demonstrated that it is to be found everywhere. Rim
lo4tpn, M. D., Senior Physician to the oedebrf~d
ngland, says :t
"And
here
now rapidly dylngo-6i q:
a'lk.
*- q
in
-44 *i
- r, .
vI
' -. .
. ,1LiK
Ttiu
* '1 i '
Ei '.
any --o climate,
wherever
may
the development or even the increase of tubercu
-ViS .consumption
fesre it is, not.
exists everywhere.
There is no favored
There is no promised land
for, our con*-
,tai.ve
sufferers where
bieers."
Medical
fpively.
he, near
bthisis.
strary,
ideamics
-It has
they will
to meet
The valuable statistics which we
Reports
England
been long thought
poles,
instance
But, notwithstanding
the Army
diseases of
demonstrate
that
were
consumptive
get from the
con-
intensely cold coun-
absolutely free
positive
Reports tell us that,
chest
furnish
from
assertion
" with the exception of
the largest
quota
V
.
*'
4*1
tality,"'
mention
that
"consumption
s common."
it in Shetland and Iceland
, according to the excellent author-
wee quot'e(fy 0. T.
says
Parkes
liams
(op. cit.).
(Practical
"The Artny M
Hygiene),
" show
dical
how little
ce can be
placed
on the
cold-immunity
theory,
rs that
mortality in
Bengal
from
phthisis is almost
same
ipeotively).
:ceedingly h(
laign one of
ies where tb
as in Canada
Presidency
region,
the lowest
British
Army
phthisis
army is
(1.70
of Madras,
Reports,
mortalities
stationed
which
says
1,000,
is an
Wilhiams,
of all, the coun-
while
- Aid
1'Ir'ft
among the
poys, the mortality from
cause
is even
less."*
"But,"
In 1870 the detbath from consumption in
000, more than
the United States amounted t9
double the number from any, other cause.
In the'
~a.t &Sates the mortality from consumption, take from Dr. Bizzell'i
S(MidiakJ Association of Alabama), is as follows: In Maine, 1 to every
Math fromaU o5ausee, or 1 to every 315 of population ; New Hampshire,
5, 1 death to 334 of population.; District of Colombia, 1 to 4.6., or 1 to
;: ,dplation. The mortality from phthisis in the States of Vermont,
Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsyl.
f. ,q every State and Territory of the Union north of the 38th paral-
I4 m 1 in 38.9 in Maine to 1 in 11.9 in Kansas; and in o-State north
$ob in mortality fall so low as 1 in 12, save in thd Territory of-Wy ,
qiy te 4atia ko are too scant to be worth much. In Minnesota it
_l^^ from6rna oal caee; in California, 1 in 7.2; in Arisona itis nlot
^r-^SWS1*7-r" ~~~ i 1 .. A ^ *H f k
ini ei
' : 1
v Mexico, it l 1 to 2W ; cievaaa,t to
16; Louisiana, 1 in 10.3; Georgia, .1 it
in 14.2; Misisaippi, 1 in 18.2; South .
Ss8.6; Virginia,. itS t; .
'|JC *fth f86 nf i *ft 'f. Rimimuifr^
^iint~ttt*tBfti .op* jti' nsiji^
4,i
rJ
4.l
AtW
isely
ir%'r
t*'* 4kys
/ .r A
" the crowning objection alludingg to
,s ture theory)
" appears to cope from AMia,
land.
According to
Maydell,
vagrant
popu
over
a million
in number
quite
exempt
from
although they live,
not in Himalayas or Andes,
on a steppe one hundred feet below the sea level."
or on I
f t ," '/
The iS
facts will
give
some
idea of
the difficulties whioh entfr
this subject of
the effect of
climate on consumption.
TAke
famous health resorts of
south of Europe, for instance
Nice," says Dr. Meryon (" London Lancet," July
1850),
natives die of phthisis than in any town in England of the saM
population." In
so rapidly fatal as
Gazette,
among
no country,
in Genoa
" volume xlvi).
natives.
says
Florence
Madeira,
Australia,
-English resort for the relief
Dr. Pollock
COInsu
to wh
consumption,
, s consnom
Naples (" Medi
mption is frequ*
ich many of tt
it is quite comms&
But, of
for the
course, in all these places we must make due allow
condition
development of
habits
phthisis.
S'
people as a factor in t:I
S. l
*;,
With regard to
written
now
and which
elevated regions, about which so muol.$
h are becoming so fashionable, for
away of fashion is omnipotent and
omnipresent, it is worthy:
note that in almost
not al
of them
diseases of the
piratory organs are very prevalent.
Speaking of the Periw
mountains, where
been
asserted
the, natives are atoi
entirely free from disease,
prevalent are those of the
ryngitis,
marked
pleurisy,
iams writes
" The ldtmae
respiratory organs, 8nch as em
pneumonia
adynamic
pleuro- pneumonia,
type.*
7,
auI
'4,
Diseases
*U It hes been long observed that the inhabitants of elevMli
dipriear to be peculiarly exempt from coobuuqmpti1a% gld,
Mabeen;mfxade of late to turn this obsenwtion to practical PinSj
etch localitits as health resortS for the
i doubtflHf the fact that the hardy y
i, us 4 who.e lives are pase d we
pure adr rad
4e
*:1'
rarely tachitd
nr:~ -,~' -
^ ,
I
w
-^wd~yT~w
i l^X
,_ -:'* 2-
A ooIa common." Similar reports, except &the. f
i, orn, ome to us in the American Atny Mod-
pf rom all the poets situated on these high elevatiobt
1MX to r7.000 feet). Neuralia and rheumatism are v~ry
a-
on in those altitudes, and nervoise diseaese are aggravated
Vt. Dubois,
of San Rafael,
Bays
(" Medical
Record
March,
the same of that region, although it is highly commended
other
affections.
Another
peculiarity
these
elevated
'I
C))
:I c*I^
- V
ions, of all very dry regions generally
iang: e of temperature.
Thus,
is the
Assistant Surgeon J
extraordinary
H. Patzki,
.writing from
daily range <
Fort
Fred.
Steele,
is frequently
Wyoming
observed,
Territory,
of 500
says "a
not rarely,
S'aad of 600
occasionally "
Aug.
1874
max.
860 min.
In these regions there is also a peculiar fever prevalent,
which is serious, and not infrequently fatal. jt is known all
Over the United States, in the mountains, even bt moderate ele-
tatiocs, and
S'.mountain
is called
fever."
by the
people
by the
medical men
It has usually been described as a typhoi
S ifever, but the medical officers of
: o fa that it is a remittent- abd of
Before dismissing the subject of the
which
, by the
on different
individuals
the army have betablishbed
malarious origin.
effect of high altitudes,
effects as
interest
to respiration,
those
send
their patients
to these
places
to know the effect elevation pro-
oed on a medical man and how he treated it.
Assistant Sur.
W.H. Gardner, U
stationed at
Fort
Union, New
eo, thus relates his own case:
Shortly after arriving at the poet, I was attacked with a fullness in the
4. ringing in the ears, mental hebetude, and confusion of ideas, dizzinem
i"lkdabp-e. Thinking these symptoms might be caused by constipation,
fl'ia, or torpidity of the liver, I took. a mercurial purgative, and fol.
StM by a dose of Roehelle salts, which relieved the fullness of oppreuion
or.two, but it at once returned, the dizziness and confusion of idea .
tnd a feeling of numbness and tingling commenced in the fingenodf
bttd, and gradually spread until it involved the whole left side, eypa;
of the tongue being involved in the paralysis, so that I could not'
lof Dqver City, graphioafly deestibe the risk of sending
ed, regionn. Territoril MIedical ooiety, 1878). i
7 i&gutidnP. ore, and- '"if hig diseaut a nt
umntbto Ootordb6;. Without it l ii be
tflTfrhr is i.ke. w ild ,..f .yA
IVnrdiffit;
j.A
if pa
have very different
4"
.4
"r ~
1
:m).*
f etc.
''. ""* ooN STITOEi TS cit .
articulate. There was also oppression of breathing, throbbing '4
and slight dilation of the pupils. The only medicine ..hanady a
my first attack was'a bottle of chloroform; and thinking the ay0mp
be due to spasm of the cerebral or pulmonary veins, I poured a dras
on my handkerchief and inhaled it, when the disagreeable symptonit
subsided. The next day, on my visit'to Dr. Moffat, of odr corpe, I
of my troubles, and he thought they were due to malarial poisoptg,
advised me to commence a course of quinine and arsenic, which 1 tui4
taking twelve grains of quinine and one tenth of again of arseio'e c
But, in the course of five or six days, while under the full influence of
remedies, I had another attack in all respects similar to the first, comio
after a hearty dinner, which was relieved by a prompt emetic. Bhortljy
this second attack, I was sent for to attend a case at Mora (fifteen. aiilef
west of the post, about four hundred feet higher in altitude), and while
alone, I had another attack, more severe and prolonged than the other 1
and upon this occasion I certainly thought there would be another va' t
in the medical corps to fill, for I took emetics, bromide of pota
and chloroform ad nauseam, without the least effect. The symptoms we.t
before morning; but when I got back to the post, I brought the Darwii
theory to bear on the case. Ita: It the environment of an animal be s4
denly changed, and the animal does not change his habits to suit his enuvr$
meat, it will be speedily eliminated. The only radical change in envirw
which I could detect here was decreased atmospheric pressure from incr>
altitude, and consequently deficient oxygenation of the blood. The iud
tion, therefore, was either to supply the deficiency of oxygen to the bloid,
to reduce the volume of blood to the decreased amount of oxygen. ThehI
alternative seemed the easiest and most certain. I therefore decreased
amount of my nitrogenous food, and made up the quantity by laxativve.
tables and fruits, and have been in good health ever since. I haie seen-t!
cases since, in every respect similar to mine, and they have promptly *a,
cumbed to the treatment indicated; that is, decreasing the amount of blo~t~
the decreased amount of oxygen by cathartics and decreased animal food.",' ,
Charteris,
in a clinical
lecture at
Glasgow
Infirmary,
lately remarked
"The
benefits
warm
climax
and of well-known health resorts for phthisis simply consist aiA
this, that out-door exercise can be indulged in those with greater
impunity
with less
chance
in any
way
lowering
vitality."* This is the gist of the whole matter of diiM
Though patients with pulmonary troubles can bear cold ifht
'nti, and do improve and recover in the coldest climates; t
iiey even do better, as a general rule, in a rather large o
okeea, in a moderately cool climate, if not moist; tthoitI
^y -* .' r" ^^
rbeoover in mountain ranges from six to ten tb
se 'level;
d tha the
am confident
that, in ae
majority of. consumptive fing
,:,hoald
i, 4
J
. ,,
W X-A
*41 ^ t
Mly warm
-A om '-
Buifron
otbber
and moist
variety,
climate like
because
moderate degrees of
ent vitality
have
enough
nearly
cold, .and
energy,
that of Plori&
such
even
will,
brave any considerable degree of colJ
iyh must do
benefit
of the climate.
invalids
if they have
or persever-
day and night,
A climate
it not only be such as to render it safe for them to be out at
suitable hours
in-doors.
, but to entice them out, to make them ashamed
A mean winter
temperature of
about
rl'
r,
It
.1
'1 *
A,
spring
temperature
which
is that of
winter
rts immediately north of Florida
course it is far colder
at Aeheville and
similar
stations) is
too low to entice
many of
the feeble invalids out of
-Wt in so
; enhanced
^ by the wi
i" nvalide
*B-- -
Ime of them,
doors
, except on calm,
as at Aiken, this degree of
sun-shiny days.
cold is much
, as far as the sensations of the invalid are concerned,
inds which frequently prevail.*
vill
At such
times
most
, therefore, be found hovering over the comfortable
w
M-Area, just as they do here when one of
our cold transitions
occur, and will be pretty sure to keep all the apertures of
chambers closed at night, thus depriving themselves,
the greater part of the
twenty-four
horse, of
their
during by
principal
means of
cure.
The mean temperature of these
or tables, about 630
six months in Florida is, by
and, during about five-sixths of the days,
sun shines so brightly, the air is"so balmy, the
song
irds so enlivening, and the orange trees, in their delicious bloom
r. laden with their golden fruit, lend such a charm to the out-
46 from the windows, that the most indolent or the most cold-
a.
ded invalid feels little
inclined
to stay in-doors.
4]
Contrast
i a winter with that of the boasted and time-honored resorts
southernn
Bfl^
France
Italy, even
in their most
protected
I will say nothing of their spring, for no one who
or has inquired of
any reliable authority about it,
titliself there
after
the first of March.
Even ia
Err
localities
a uat
Cannee and
pleasant days, from. the atlay .
*1 .* 't '
4.V .4M
,Q9Q difrroo 0?ith
l-'l
w n-
J .* 2
Ft *
9
S?'
*. 4?
i. Lft
a a Aa
S-: .-
.' 4
o -.-.,'
M none,
iim~
IY[
A~ ~ --m i-
I
the shady side of the
ders necessary for an
street,
invalid
often
produces a
an extra covering;*
the resorts of
the Eastern Riviera this is always the
sunset one must rush
home
in-doors for his life;
any prudent man dare to ride out in the afternoon without
wraps
he would
require
in his
northern
home.
hi^U
Such i
case even in Algiers,
which is a superior climate to that of
north
Jenks,
shore
informs
Mediterranean.
me that
while
walking
friend
city,
uncomfortably hot sun,
always carried
a thick overcoat:.
his arm, for the moment he struck the shady side of
one of
narrow
streets, a
shiver
passed
through
body;
and,
riding, he always provided himself
and family with thick wool*
len wraps for the change which was sure to take place near suli
set. "Though the temperature of Hybres in winter, a5 mare
by thermometer
is not low
, the air is sharp and often cold.
misral
is not
infrequently painfully
experienced,
especially in
January, February, and March.
power, and
influence
, altern
In spring, the sun acquires gr%4
eating with the occasional eoid
winds
, produces
very trying to
author says :t
frequent
those
rapid
in health."
" In winter
between the temperature of
north
between
those
in the
there
-changes
Speaking of Ni
is a difference o
places exposed to the s<
shade and
temperatUlr ..
ce, the am
f 120 to 24 1
outh and tkhi
the sun."
during most of the warm and
pleasant days, one may not
,be out at sunset on land, but with
equal
comfort on the w
I have frequently called the attention of persons to this oontai
with the European climates when we were returning from a #fl
at sunset; some of
us in midwinter, in
there been any considerable degree of
would not have been prudent or oomfo;
our shirt-sleevee. .,
dampness in the
rtable. Butoo~t
S. There is a Baying in Rbme that only dogu and atrs
S" Di. Duboia, of San Rafael, says of the imuhidb
eber a number of chilly, windy day, which, wit)^
&lA wa S1aa Jhki -Dk IK 4^
UaW t ) .R5U
Wnrc a
be opinion t
-are mote eXPOWE
-r4" :
ff "
', I
4iampnee on sunshiny days.
:*"'4
'*
S, I
2- ^
CLWMATE.
Those who have n*
and who are shivering in a winter temperature of
300, may think
that
or 55 would
i to insure ability and inclination
but while
a winter
0rk or Boston would
orida, even by sour
temperature
seem
Ld
exercise
of that
summer, it
persons,
be abundantly
in the open
degree
New
considered
as entirely too cool for com-
A person
requires
much warmer clothing
the South
North, at
same
temperature.
The air
here
e greater part of
the winter,
with the exception of
ef. series
days
now
then
when
an almost summer
temperature is reached,
is, in connection with the
pleasant sur'
roundings, exhilarating, not debilitating.
:tb suppose that warmth,
heat is, not warmth
p;quires
keep all
It is a great mistake
per se, is inimical to health or strength;
such a temperature is only such as nature
the organs
in a healthy state of action.
The warm weather of
the spring and autumn at the North, and
AY even the comparatively hot weather of
summer are the healthiest
season.
Persons
make
themselves
uncomfortable
by fuming
'over the thermometer, but they don't get sick, or not sufficiently
"to send for a doctor.
But unusual summer heat or winter cold,
long continued, equally tends
eand the undertakers.
There is a
to swell
remarkable unanimity,
bills
of the doctors
within the last few years,
6 the opinions of
the medical reporters from all sections of
Country
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the
level
plains
wj -ma' vW
6~~s^- ^
highest altitudes, from very cold and moderately cold
on this
point,
that
only
cases
incipient
phthisis,
it is, tuberoular phthisis, are likely to
permanently bene-
almost all
of them
warn
against sending
cases
need disease, even when
much enfeebled.
Dr. Gleitzs
, .of the Sanitarium
S-^T- a -
t opinion.
at Asheville
~-
He says ('rans. of
C., seems to be
of a
the Med. and Chir. Fao-
Mt.,
1875,
204)
: "The
patient,
after
returning
houtbern climates),
7' -
o0 an
Mc
" has not acquired that power
prevent a new bronchial sat bb
>n attacking the alveolI d.0!l
CB~txwdse ~ mo h6'(W^^bi^^irli^i
I' k ^'
;I
.'4
A1 T
*'
4,:
: '' ''
^ "
L
sr^' ... ,
MTC
q
i 1>
relapse from
same causes, or is perhaps
'still higher degree, as the warm, humid atmosphere
more
enervate
Madeira as the type
than to invigorate the system.'
of such
southern
climates.
a-i
On ti
trary, the reporters from the cold regions, as in Minneapt,
the less severe regions further south
(see Transactions of`
Medical
Societies
and Army Reports) say that
invalids,
after a residence of several
years, and
a subsidence of all
symptoms, are very apt to relapse on
returning home, and=
quently regain
their
health
on repairing
again
regions
and they strongly urge invalids to remain permanent
or for a long time, at least,
toms.
after the subsidence of
Sometimes these climates
series of years,
and their patients,
to fulfill the expectations of
and from causes not
all bad
a year or mnre. -.
the physicians thue
always fully ex
Thus, in Minnesota, for instance, this was
And
the Committee on
proposed
State.
a question
"The question,"
Climatology
as to the
Epide
cause
says the committee,
,nnd to be the eai
imica, and HygienW
ie physicians of thb
" originated in te.^
belief that the climate of
State, from some cause or other, ;
'y i '
operated less favorably on consumptive patients than formerly.j
The answers were all, except from one who had no phthi
patients, in
affirmative, that
climate had lost its usua '
effect
under
"Dr.
notice, all
Finch
whom
the approach of spring.
several
failed
Some of
with the disease in its early stages
consumptive
patis
with unexpected rapidity ot'
these had come to Minne"as
-mn- t
, and
had been so much
eated
ered."
by a residence
Some
here as to believe themselves quite
inscrutable
agency
work,
influence any climate at times, whether hot or cold.
whieh..
.3- /
tion, that
is, as
failure of all climates to reliets,
e majority of
cases in the later stages of oons
considered
settled.
when
cofidenoe
tilationx
I
system bemes general among
system becomes general amolgtept&A!
eusion, we may reas bly expect a. f:t)4t?
'Oe .treantztt. In he irea p4i *4 4
. 'J 'A,< -* tf
Kf3
V-
-h,'.3
I
1~1
hf ~~~ w r /
is a 'topio which
of all
both
southern
in and
climates.
outlof Florida, and
S'* *
/-
inevitably enters into the
much
been
there have been so
My misrepresentations about it as to render necessary a more
ided notice
than it
received
in my first
paper.
fsjpry has been.done to Florida as a winter resort
9tth by physicians and laymen, who have been a
A great
unwittingly,
accustomed to
.4
;'i
$ .A
-i
-1;
S*.
*-Va
iate the idea of this State with that of swamps,
alligators,
a fevers, and wittingly by those who think it their interest to
misrepresentt facts.*
It is a matter of
the first importance that
physicians
least should
have
correct
ideas
otherwise patients are apt to be debarred from
from the very best season
the year
on this subject,
deriving benefit
here, the spring months.
In the first place, tourists
travel almost always along the water
courses, and seeing
them,
by interminable swamps,
on either
are apt to
side,
form
bounded
apparently
an erroneous idea of
the extent of
a narrow belt
the swamps
along
of Florida.
They usually form only
the river, and immediately behind are the
pine lands,
except when a strip
of hammock
intervenes, often
the tops of the pines being visible over the swamp.f
many
these swamps the tide
ebbs
flows, and they rarely give
Y ice,
o41i0
even
In summer,
any serious
form
fever.
oogqd place, the sickly
of the native Floridians,
complexions and
gaunt forms of
many
who are met with at the landings, are
apt to
suggest
continued
inroads
malaria.
these
appearances are due not so much to the climate as to their pecu-
'3LM mode
their
scanty
clothing,
sufcient
t tiartha of the year,. but not, for the winter months;
^nfafitable habitations, but especially their food and drink.
three-
their
From
C:P .l t is the custom of many persons living at Florida resorts, off the St.
i'd river, to represent, for very obvious reasons, to tourists, that fever pre-
therethe year round, and that it is dangerous to visit it at any time.
Snaner they have excited alarm in the minds of those proposing to
o Florida, and have diverted them to other southern resorts; thus, in
injanrig themselves as well as .others. Hotel runners and the agents
Sline running to other localities all aid more or less in this fraad-
3 to secure custom.
liar distribution of the
different
abMk or rioeet lands and the pine.,
r.ea work in the former by .day. a
where be I. comparativ
fm wn f itt
me ar
-4.N ,'
4*-
J-
Sr
B?-^'
'C
a.1
*; ^-L
,.,
1
t
1
001waiTUEsN or
early childhood they live on sweet potatoes
and t
hominy and
hominy, not
that they do
grease, the
always well
not care
melted fat of pork'stirred ib
boiled. This they become a6
for anything better,
mn
although m1
surround
them
almost
everywhere.
This food, a
drink from
the shallow wells, or the dark-colored water of*
sluggish brooks, begets dyspepsia,
or as
they term it,
"bilio
ness."
then
come
"Tutt's
liver
pills,"
or some
cathartic
which
affords
temporary relief.
people
,l'- i TiI
cities and villages,
water courses,
and the families of
have
brought
northern
up their
men
children
along
there, b
live differently, present
an entirely different
appears
In this village they will
compare favorably
with
those
northern town.
James
Johnson
ascribes the horrible as
the inhabitants of
the fertile but malarious plains of Lomi
mainly to
same
causes.
Their
drink
are eveS
worse
than
Floridians in quality, as are also tbfir
houses.
siderable
James
Clark
prevalence of
, on investigating the cause of a
consumption
in the Island of Madeia
found that it was due almost entirely to the habits of life oflthi
poorest peasantry, among whom
almost all
cases occurts
They are "hard-worked and miserably nourished, bad]
and worse lodged
a foot or so from
year."
their beds consist of pallets of straw
1e ground, tamp during nine months
S'o we infer that a location is not necessarily u
for invalids
because the appearance of the
vorable, or because
a considerable
inhabitants is
amount of disease p
even
the very disease
the alleviation
of which the
deeirea a change.
S:former naner:
quote
following
paragraph
/ As regards liability to disease in Florida, a careful
t'on of the "Medical Statistics of the Army," exnadi. ^"
..'*. *. 1 *'*A ^ k;-.''1 ^
series of years, personal
Medical and .line offloer.
raflrka.1ge. Groin
r ~~ ~ ^ '
obeervat
tion arid
4
* I
9"
~pa~Rlw~nr~.rsff~?~jh~!l;a~~ll~l~i~j~'lY -ym
^'^p!?B~
1ri -
r.%!
-^at
I )
Y P
4 .
*~ ~ ~: -'-I ^*'' '* I Iil
r1l
'4 ;
{. .T 4- '
>~i l d i
* F
amwtli tha
AeTA
'frl3s lower in East
He aseribes this.
- -........
-u---
ly in a state of nature.
neos and Mortality of
table
nees
Lorts, and
oaost
oti t
page
among
embracing,
163,
t
eption of the
northern
Florida than in
division, tl
any other classes of
in a great measure, to "its bping
" In the Statistical Report of the
the U. S. Army" from 1856 to 1860,
which
troops
exhibits
stationed
especially,
unhealthy part of the
year
Where were
died.
They
19,31,2;
but four
could
those
to account
cases
hardly
as regards
peninsula.
death 119,
of congestive
have
mortality
e interior
the former,
number
or 0.61
fever, tone
been
with in other Southern States.
very
unfavorable
circumstances
gulf
cae8s
cent.
of which
severe
char-
we take
surround-
thegmall commands scattered over this area, the bad water,
toor fo d
small
times, hard work, and
percentage of
although the
diseases of
cases
kinds
mortality
continuous
is remarkable,
reported for treatment
were
very
amenable
exposure,
shows
that
are numerous,* the
treatment and
4- 1 857' there has been no yellow fever in East Florida, except two or three
' ,~ses brought to Gainsville a few years ago from Pensacola, where it is apt to
.'. bbi conveyed from Havana, until last summer, at which time all the conditions
:lfor its spread were more, perhaps more, rife than they had ever been. Both
V:- enrandina and Jacksonville were in a most unsanitary condition, when a
Sope, through a careless quarantine, was brought into the former place; so
a period of exemption having naturally caused a great relaxation in
llain ce. The severe lesson which these cities have received will insure strict
j ntipn to quarantine regulations for some years to come. The authorities
of Yrf ksonville have been prompt and liberal in voting a large appropriation,
tyad.have already made extensive sanitary improvements, and the work still
l te on. It is hoped and expected that next winter will find these cities as
-m^ from fevers of all kinds as usual at this season. It is a remarkable fact,
|l indicates how littlee yellow fever is disposed to spread in Florida, that in
s, ,e~avet1 tonthl during which it prevailed in Jacksonville, with unre-
'.ed intercourse (except during a brief period with Palatka), with all
along the river, steamers plying to and fro daily with freight and pae-
bota single case occurred at any point along the St. Johns south of
ile, aad only one case, as far as I am aware, on any boat. This
Si the person of the pilot of the Volusia, while I was on board. He
Io-h residence in JIackonville, and died there. In 1857 a few cases
S,'ti this place, but, though no precautions were observed, it did
la.a other Derson. The recent epidemic did not attack a very
$Jscksonville, and the e
debbaed for soSe time b
W of ie e wae 1i.gst
aa ve been .bletq
iiency of declaring the
e afuthoriS"eo. At Fer-
at 1,200), the mbrtlity
n, indicating 'a compar.-
J--, a -
I ` .
-a jft. /,' i .k .; A *---' A
!t.; "
'N\
^ -
..~. .:li
,t.
- .
2;'
C ,>1
'21
*
pI~
,
4. "Ia,
a
:4t
., i
*\
C,
*'-
'*I'
.4.
'.4
S* S
.4,
-^
A't;
C^
OacnSiTUnriret's P
rapid cure,
as all the
military operations went on
notwithstanding this large amount of sickness.
The'
percentage of
deaths from diseases of
the respiratory
especially noteworthy--only
cases
among the
19,000
diseases
treated.
Notwithstanding
dampness, raifl
exposure, there were only
cases of
plearitis and 25 of p
monia.
have
Lawson (letter
"and have
served
to the
served
Hon.
also with
Florida,"
says
Surgeon-Ga
D. L. Yulee, U. 8. Senate, 18 5.
an army on the northern frontjt
and from
my experiencS of
operations of the
army in the
influence of
field on the
climate and
health of
have no hesitation in expressing the belief
that, had the t:
engaged
of time
n the
in active
Florida war been engaged for the same
operations,
in winter
summer,
frontiers of Ca
less numerous
nada, though the cases of disease might have bee(6^
, the mortality would have been infinitely greatW
than was experienced in Florida."
course there are here
as in other States
, healthy and un'
healthy areas, and
areas where the summer heat is found to bb
more intolerable than in others.
It behooves the settler, thereat:
fore, or the invalid,
if he
proposes
to make the
State
manent residence, to look well to this circumstance.
St. John's river and its
the summer and autumn
Along t4 P
1
vicinity, malarious diseases are, during
, more prevalent in some localities theaat
others
especially where
once, and commence clearing the
numbers of
hammocks
people
locate
and swamps on
large scale, in order to form a village or
" settlement."
which have been reputed healthy have become the reverse,
admitting the sun's rays suddenly and
extensively to a au
previously
shaded
forest
undergrowth,
and1
trying it up with the
plow.
This
is a well-known
remarkable instance of this action over a large etet
a the unusual prevalence of malaria during gh
ane years over a large portion of the nhd .i
Jr A -. A a 4
01 the Wea
S< 1 -4
*4r
I
M S
airy
S
' > -?
M.^~
.t,
4
p^
f kad
: 3
i 0 iOlMATsu
If mrfaoe rains
having occurred,
/* I
but not suffient
o ''
sources
springs
wells,
so that
these
y dried up, and on several occasions farmers were corn-
ldi to take their cattle long distances to brooks to
Ii'Gter. The snows have also
r kuiient to wet the subsoil.
give them
been very deficient in winter, not
Large surfaces,
therefore,
which
been
kept
cool and
moist
in summer by springs,
te dry,
wherever there was an impervious subsoil or
tPo k, there the malaria was generated.
This
been, in
opinion, the most potent if not the only factor in
,Mthe marked increase of fevers in all these areas.
But tourists and the great majority of invalids
the causation
are only con-
"aIrned with the winter climate of Florida
and wh
e it can
be denied that persons may contract ague here in any season
We year
, just as they are doing all over the country, especially of
, yet it is so rare among visitors that it need not, and should
.?asot, enter into
calculations of
those
whose condition
calls
:.for a winter residence in a mild
climate.
No climate on earth
ia perfect.
Persons who have suffered for years from malaria at
the North have recovered from its effects here;
inj curious
influence
a severe
winter
the escape from
i a changeable
spring having improved the tone of
Writer
affords
an illustration
this.
the nervous
Having
system.
suffered
for a
.long time from malarious
fever among the picturesque and for-
Slpeotiy salubrious highlands of
^,J'imed by his medical friends at
Hudson
, he was strongly ad-
North not to remain longer
John's
than
April
He did
, however,
ain until near the middle
in the spring
three
of May, has
years,
continued to remain
s entirely recovered
*011
his malarious
even
torments, though
Saratoga.
failing to get relief
another illustration of the im-
from fever here in the winter, enjoyed by Northern vis-
be worthy qf mention that of
tt hotel in which
the writer
the large number of
boards, and the pro-
.tMduely a ca
stain
he8
of fever has occurred in three
until May, 4d .iOr ^ ^ t "
flM-Wa
.1 th- f rhl
I % fiS'7 L t
tiat
2
I.
r~f~fd-n
mEl
11l11;~
ooriTmrrfist tt
miasm or the emanations from swamps, are capabe?
Sing, and are actually producing
every day
sympto0mj
analogous to those of intermittent fever, and whicfit yI
same treatment; and it is well that visitors to Southei#t
should understand and remember this:
first, that
they
far as possible, avoid these causes
and, secondly, that tlh
not be
under
arising
frightened
away from
their
from
its surroundings,
a pleasant and suitable 1
symptoms are Caused
instead
perhaps,
by inf i
their. o
want of prudence.*
Some
experienced
thoughtful
cians, who have so constantly observed malarious attacks a3
. from causes
which
could
not possibly be connected with 41
miasm, have gone to the extreme of
denying that the I
has anything to do with these attacks.
Dr. Black
of Ohio
read two interesting papers on this subject before the Arcer
Medical
abound
Association;
through
facts,
medical
furnished
literature
by high
which
authority
**r ^ v
tend to so
his views.
But, as usual
in such discussions, the medium ao
safest.
The fact
, however, that
so much
doubt
have been engendered
that, at
in the
least, sometimes,
minds
think
of medical men indi
frequently, intermi
fevers, and
malarious attacks allied to them, occur from caq"
having
no necessary connection with
marsh mniasm;
also, tSA4
when the effects of
miasm
have
long disappeared from the ayi
<..'^
these
causes
re-develop
disease.
Among'
numerous
agencies
may be
mentioned, in
general
terms,-
cause which tends to lower vitality;
want
of proper food,
ous shocks, exposure to wet, or to severe cold, or long-oon
cold, depressing
perature, etc.
emotions, excessive diurnal variations dof
Dr. Black lays great stress on the latter
of these causes will develop malarious symptoms de
aoipe will only re-develop them when
'notable example of the latter the
^.Fta with pulmonary diseatef
they are luab
ar a 4 "-
effects
. t
of cl Iop
*T. 1 V.
, rrrrlVm ^
a-.
Y
, :15
^s^
a
v^W^
S-4
N '\ *
fl 4
'*-C
practice
of the
writer a few year ago.
|': en
a great
inner and autumn, but
prevalence of malarious fever during
cooler weather and finally fro
their
disappearance to a considerable
winter an unusually low temperature
extent.
continued for
a num-
' Qf days,
immediately after
there was a great increase
fever cases.
The effect was precisely what we have wit*
in-summer after
a prolonged
ot space to multiply cases,
hot and dry term.
which might
be done
There
to any ex-
I will only mention one striking instance,
The son of
distinguished practitioner of New
York
City, himself
a physi-
ian
, young and robust, never having suffered from any form of
satlaria, was called to Bloomingdale to assist in a surgical oper-
itmion.
On his way he was caught in a sudden cold shower, and
his. feet and legs got quite wet.
It was necessary that he should
:ait with
patient
hours, but
on his
return
home he
ged his clothes.
On the
following day he was
seized with
a chill followed by fever, and for months he suffered from inter-
mittent fever, and finally, after the failure of drugs to give per-
maaent
Converse of
relief, he went
proposition
Europe, and
is also
recovered there.
true; malarious fever will,
after the failure of
quinine and other supposed specifics against
Smiasma, yield suddenly and permanently to nervous shock
it is to this, I
think, that we
must
attribute
those
recoveries
.which take place after swallowing some huge or some
:' larly disgusting dose, as a pint of
| taken in molasses, in the virtue of
partica-
vinegar, or live earth-worms
which the vulgar
have such
licit belief, and perhaps also in part to the mental impression
ed from this confidence.
medical friend
of the writer,
having suffered more or lees for years from malarious fever,
.-~losing nearly all
SuA~S, who
t^r.. C-
Vi~y .
hair,
was cured
by the
told him to apply a wilted tobacco
He had never used the weed in any form,
SMhe more wilted
that day.
than
advice
eaft' over bis
and in a
the leaf, but bia old enemy
In facts the disease oommenoes
of one kin or another on the ervw
, -
jiih
A mnedic
aot ot.
A \ ^
t
'-
i'<
't
1
'I
I'l
'ft
'94
4ri
h\- ''S
^34-.B
vrt -u \' -
a- a
^*.r^,*.*. -
'*^*^
&'
__
wm i
I."f' -
WY''
Mm
'effect whatever.
cutaneous surface, and
. oolrsmTiras e OF
This morbific influence ia oftw
may be
* .*l' '^N
"*- '^ it
as f TJ
prevented, to a greats
a malarious
region
by wearing woollen
next
the ekiia
fresh
night
morning,
especially when
the diurnal
temperature is unusually great,
which
preventive,
have, can not be
to exert any influence on marsh
Quinine,
reliable
when
one, acts
taken
as a preventive, and
by fortifying
it is a more or1w
nervous system against
pressing influences, and not through
effect on a specific poison circ
malaria,
which
the country of
office;
become
in the
to which
any supposed
ulating in the
an interesting
parlor
writer
as well
regrets
blood.
neutralisi
So much
topic in all partse
as in the doctoaf
having
obliged to devote so much space.
Rain-fall
other
Hygrometric
Conditions.
-Very
space need be devoted to rain-fall, since it is now conceded 't
in the first place,
the mere
amount
rain
year,
the winter, without a statement of its distribution over the moo
and even the days, is of
no value
, in the second place,
a certain
amount of
short
rain,
intervals
falls rapidly, and does not ree A
is beneficial
in various ways, buata
cially as one of
the best purifiers of the atmosphere, diseol
- *A
gases, and carrying down with it dust and animal and vegeta
impurities.
In some localities there is almost no precipitation
moisture (rain-fall), yet the air is constantly loaded with moi
almost to saturation.*
With
regard to
the hygrometrical
edition of the air of Florida, almost as erroneous
ideas exit'f
* "At Cannes,
" says Madden (Health Reports of Europe and AJfriaX
-mount of rain-fall is about five inches more than in London
standing this,
Cannes has incomparably a dryer climate than' 1i
number of rainy days in the former being 52, while in the latin ii
Oftsia, a noted health resort of Sicily, has 78 inoahe in
"ther fe fower rainyuor cloudy days there. than i'n A:. t a
.*Ip or from the fact that otxii afll ts4 ( 4
m oi prd ipititio are
w iwa
but4 q
.
f'i^
9
1 ''^fS
I
' \
;L^'
' 'Msy.i9 frtf -
'
*
?i r~r'
I, AtWM''
1
S1' Bib: ^
,t '
-1
a i
"oene of malaria.
Walton's
information, and indicate how
si to the amount of
kt.ui4whoee reputation
charts
little
give
value
Uflee 6
is to'be
rain-fall as a climatological fact.
is based
Thu
pr.^
If
Ti i %''4
r'\i^
S Ct 1,1
principally on the dryness of
climate, has
nearly one-third
more
ram
in the winter and
months
than
Palatka
while
Alexandria, noted for an
sively moist climate, situated
as it
on a low, sandy
insula
between
the sea
the wet swamp known as Lake
" has lees than
one-third
as much rain as Aiken, and
slightly lees than half as
much
as Palatka.
Men tone also has
more rain than Palatka, and
'tine.
double
The tables of Dr. Baldwin, a
the amount of St. Augus-
most careful observer, give
months
from
November to March
, inclusive, 21.3
hainy days out of 121 days, one
day in sit
i though
it did not
rain all
day on
many of these
days, such
an occurrence being
not very common in
a semi-tropical
climate, even in
summer.
"Whilst on the northern
lakes," says Forry (op.
cit.), the an-
nual ratio of fair days is only
on the coast of Florida it is
,260, and
Fort
King" (now
Ocala),
interior,
B09."
From twenty-five years' observations, says Dr.
Baldwin,
January
29.5;
year,
March,
an average
20.4;
235 clear days.
elative
climate
Humidity
than
rain-fal
April,
20.3
May,
clear
22.1.
days
February,
the whole
This was in Jacksonville.
.-A much more important constituent of
1 is the amount of moisture suspended in
When
air is
saturated with
moisture,
we say it
-o)ntains 100 per cent.
when one-half
or done-quarter saturated,
:0 or 25 per cent.
Holding more or less
a beder to compare tl
But as air at one temperature is capable of
moisture
than
humidity of
at other
temperatures, in
different climates, we must
^m0 into account the temperature also; and when the calcula-
ctE~mis made with reference to this, we call it the relative humid-
hat, like the fain-fall, the tables of relative humidity seem
sging very correct idea of
ZM~N.
climatic humidity; and4
.p $ly ee, it is desirable to take into
i- > 't
,
-f,
~ 4
'.3
tod4Ams.ma aunrtieo
A-*1 -t' -a n1 -* 'a n-
is* r
p .
-I
, ahe air.
. :-7 hg
. 'f
t.^1 -t
1,' ~11111
&* Sv ^,iTums or
^ variety
other
indications.
Thus,
table comparing the relative humidity of
ern health
stations.
a dry climate), 70.10;
to Dr. Baldwin, 69.90.
Aiken
64.04
Jacksonville,
For my
own
A
-
Dr. Geddng
three prone
sheville,-N. O.(4
Florida,
69.72
observations, I
ha4 &
for two winters
Baussure's
prison with those of
was not reliable.
April, 1878, using a
and comparingr
hygrometer, until
others and from other
I found, by
indications, t4
-. 4
During thb months of February, Maroh,
Mason's psychrometer (wet and dry by
my observations with those of the signal
at Jacksonville, the relative humidity for three months in 187AJ
is for that city 66.2; according to Dr. Baldwin's observatioel
for several years, 62.6; while for Palatka it is 61.3. PalathA;
is undoubtedly a dryer
climate
than
stations on the riv
further north
,fogs
frequent and less persistent.
dings also gives a table comparing the
humidity of Aiken
that of
eight
prominent
European
health resorts
from
table it appears that the humidity of Florida for the year ia-lef6
than in five out of eight (including Mentone), while Aiken hbs
lees than six out of the eight. Almost all of our Amerioj
resorts appear to have the advantage over their European oowme4
petitors both as regards relative humidity and rain-fall.
Reagt
niing, however,
the difficulty in forming any correct
j judgment
1
,<*
?'- ;*
**/" ,
M
rt -^
w't *
*).2
.
V~
as to the comparative dryness of
data,
Geddings
proposes
which, it must be conceded,
says,
mean
relative
climates
certain
from
these scien ti
other tested, the most
are pretty reliable
humidity
Aiken
for instant,,
being only
that place, according to Vivenot's classification, would
"moderately dry,
tested
by the
more
popular
which he gives, "it would be considered very dry..
Igpes are, of a moist climate heavy dews, frequent fI ,
t 'salt, apor condensing on wall, steel and it '
formation
AIIfJon ong
*afe-fj? ^-,- -'
of mould,
the skin.
moeae flourish
14* bwzidlty of thbfrV
fi~tyf~p~g
e^5f tta..t MAi -. .
.atE *vp
A
1
-
~rP
*v *"
- "'
ever. artfully packed, from being injured
as well
^~ion," et<
s~~tarad
|B^ !hter avyd
^wtl beavy.
Examining
months in
first
sring g
During
commence
During the
deposit
past
effects
exuberant"
)f moisture
village,
winter
until
near
winters
dews
here,
twelve
byth
tropical
during
are fret
however,
commenced
o'clock
earlier.
'Pogs are infrequent, and when they occur, are almost invariably
*disipated by the sun at an early hour, before invalids have had
their breakfast. Nearer the mouth of the river, they last
longer, and
otuses
-nithters.
are more
frequent.
inconvenience
from
the walls
Salt
never melts, and
dampness.
or stair-rails
I take no precaution against
swntruments in winter or spring,
the spring.
: servedd.
SI.
A;
"We
Mould seldom
must
plead
Spanish
moss
rorms
guilty
which
so much to the solemn grande
mired K much as any of the
here.
Undoubtedly
does
But there seems to be something
conducive to its growth,
dry ground
I have
never
seenI
once in three
ruse ting
of my steel
they are free from rust in
here, so
mosses.
as Dr.
as I
have
TiUlandia
G. remarks,
our Southern forests,"
" adds
s ad-
novelties which a new-comer sees
grow in
more
since a tree
unprotected
than
a dry atmosphere.
moisture which is
standing by itself on high
from
the sun, is
frequently
covered by a more dense growth than many of the same species
standing in a wet swamp, to which the rays of the sun have but
alight access,
i'^- T iJB
^4^
^1^
.'T^ji
T^ i
'I
*^L
ttj
''
,,-,,
A
t f
. 4
*
*I
Vt
-,
'-^
As regards the deficient evaporation from the skin,
afew notice it occasionally,
but the majority do not, probably be-
eiam;e there ia generally more or less breeze.
the popular characteristics of a dry climate;
:mainly the opposites of those
Dr. Geddings than
but, as these
a moist climate, it is only
to sllude to three-the desiccationn of meats and their
.rt4eaomposiition ";
"the certainty
with
which
matcbae
*q inhaiated -roome "; and the friaure of Wom a
*Id a4 A .A retainingf there fort for* _".da.i ,
4t ifst afao.vklcwk h Toafs
tMcufr~st r otik
a.Ub:
*. '
"-' l*^
J-apr condensing on
vsneoides, or
*I B
I;-
'.
"i
^fl
^St~i"s.li
1
W
r
~g
I'
4
Shrthe surface, and
AI
ic'
.1;.
*(r, ,
keep
, I rarely, if
kept in an open
hotel
miss
my office in
New
much
longer than beet
ever, find one of
box on
I have
York.
floor in
trouble with
bave
never
the comnmaonit:
my houseea
a, similar Bati
0B"
heard
any corn
fiom
ladies about their hair
they might -not thi
worth mentioning to a doctor.
oulty in Madeira of keeping mus
Dr. Madden alludes to the i
iical instruments in tune. TM
is a difference
in this
respect
between Florida and some d
climates, especially as regards catgut,
not enough
any very great
inconvenience, and th
ere is very little infl
regards
pianos.
have
observed
dama
clothes packed and left
through
the summer.
The writer
thought it of
sufficient
importance
to notice in detail these
the best we have at present, and be is certain of the oorreo
of his statements
, according to his own observation, and that
others here to whom be has submitted these questions.
Andw
also find that this corresponds
a comparison
relative
with what
humidity as
we should infer front*
taken from different;
records
'with
Vivenot's classification
which is as follows
: Mod-
erately dry, 560
to 70
moderately moist,
to 856;
oesnivo4dy
moist, 860 to 100
68.6 (March,
57.5
lowest
relative
humidity for the
September,
76.8,
year
highest*).
being
This
brings the climate very nearly under the head of
moderately dry.
It lis
hoped
above
facts .will go far towards
rqhfting the wild statements which
have
been indulged in
generally with regard to the exoeeeive
moisture of Florida
tate,
as well as
presence
malaria.
" While
authorities concur," says, Dr.
Williams,t in
moist
air, there
are none
the les
-.^WrfMt, with equal poeitiveness,
the reverse.
c0 on this point is conflicting; and
Miptt othe fact that
this is no doc1$4g^
humidity i. a. elative.
ha not been $stMd or
'2
'%'.^*i-
the second
the 84]
Y
It o, r
I' '*\ '* '
,4
\t
< ecesay to prevent
which
these
^P, rfor instance,
?iiure in the air, and
a fall of 138
probably
r.
same
were
great diurnal
persons
it not f1
a certain
or 140
equally
rangepr te.. of
deprecate. Ina
certain
amount
we should
is 40 in
C
deposit
have
]ry climate
amount
dewy
of 30 or
of Upper
tggypt
'afllato
itade
fr;imea e
fttozwen
ments
in sandy deserts, as Sahara,
radiation
at night
2 F.; the temperature
move 100 F
00 F.
so that
by night.
unrestricted
ranging
On our Western plains,
the body
In Floric
n this paper, the moisture is
beat during
the day by evaporation,
is almost burn
where the dryness is
, the temperature
during the day in the
the range is some-
ed up by day
, as we have seen by previous state-
just sufficient to temper the
by condensation and
(be checking of radiation to limit' the cold at night.
S.
II
C.
B mmer
heat
is in this
steady prevalence
manner
and with
winds, rendered
the aid of
very
Even
a pretty
tolerable, the
evenings and nights even pleasant.
Purity of the Air.-In estimating the climatic advantages of
different health resorts, too
.devoted
to what
may be
the common idea of
odors
yet the gases,
. injurious of
little attention
technically
purity has
which
these
Mrial impurities, and
' o'ntration to do barm.
ibn of his time in his laboratory
called
been freedom
has been heretofore
purity of air.
from
odors indicate, are
unpleasant
least
rarely exist in sufficient con-
The chemist spends a considerable por-
surrounded
by various
gaeas
, m,
II
i,
-l.
I
.4
I
A
,
*-*
* 1^
"-I 3
'4,
,.42
$i a far more concentrated
. astmpophere (if
form
we except a few
than
which
they are met with in the
are never found in the
' atmosphere),
and comes out unscathed.
gases
from a sub
uric-acid factory on the
Hudson
river
have destroyed trees
P long distances, and even on
do examining
the opposite bank of
the workmen in the factory
the river,
I could not:
were much
t4 t w
inconvenienced by them after becom-
to .he irritation of the laryugeal mucous
(oMi$ jg which eajros the feptadton of
B(t rfiyq xiAbove is
afr ttttty,*o t n
t.SSa~w t
$1 ft~ttSa
.7
Si i
F*.
A
annT or
oterivoe;&.lfe
material; for instance, Lake of Geneva, .0439
h
'/
i
'A
A ? I'
I'
k -
r/
,;
sir
Cbhambeisy
.0460;
(Angus Smith's tables).
at night
varied
from
only supposed that
the Black
died
,Hole
deficiency
various parts of London,
air in
.101
different
.320.
out of 300
from
oxygen
CE
thea
prisoners couldf
inhaling carbonic-acid'gas, or i
used by its presence. But 1_
observations, and especially experiments on living animals'
arret and Hammond), indicate that they died as much fro
poisonous effects of organic matter in the air as from the ext
carbonic acid or deprivation of
oxygen.
Ernest
B;a t ^
says
" The captives in the Black Hole in Calcutta did not
ish (or even suffer) for lack
oxygen."
must
then
solids
causes of
disease.
Tyndall
be gases of the atmosphere for'
has lately alluded to the import
fact that equally expert experimenters in treating fluids
ilar methods for the destruction of
these organisms, have
to arrive at the same results
that the air is in one
for which
locality purer
that is,
assigns the re!s"-
less infected with
germs than in others, and that the different fluids experimenWt i
upou were therefore contaminated by them in different degwe~,5k
Pasteur,
says
Tyndall,
found
Glacier
air of the
"Mer
Glace, and equally in the caves under the Observatotiy of PA
free from germs of
putrefaction.
It is
these
germs, and
only, which these scientiate
have demonstrated to b6 the
$pl,
if nofthe only cause, of
ahbetances;
putrefaction and
decay in &rga
and, as we may infer, of the suppuration, gangi
septicw"mia, and
,-tes, and wounds, and
7 ".4jled;
consequently increased
surgical
operations
that is, where patients are more or
reasoning
patient
.vrpen of Glasgow have
mortality of
in oampl and
lee crowded,
experiments of the
almost abolished
by bs
4unroing the vitality of thesegmra. in
jM a viciity of woods and o rtiefl
> t W ui... j- t..^ s tA -'.<.S &
-# 'w,
,q ?:.
I f
t i
I
-T <<
... T y "J $
th^ tre
- Lt tf *'
t:;tii
derived
from
actsR, established
isteur's experiments. These-ver
through the genius and patient ion
the French
epidemics
savant, may yet
now
enable
so destructive
us. to limit
human
.life;
er and
von Dusch
have
found that atmospheric germs
y be
;..
rted
excluded
by a
cotton
filter, and
,and- to a certain extent proved,
it has, long ago, been
that the cause of mala-
is manifestation
, whatever that may be, can also be excluded
a room by a similar
in the open windows.*
contrivance, as
It has
a thin
heretofore
cotton screen
been an unac-
notable fact that diphtheria and
ait greater extent and with
ar diseases prevail to a
greater destructiveness in some
than
in others
not very distant, and whose hygienic
tions are similar or even superior ;t
that cholera and yel-
jtw fever, for instance, sometimes assail and prove more fatal
Si^piortions of a city supposed to be in a superior sanitary con-
th4ition, and assail or only moderately afflict those in such a con-
fition as seemed particularly to
invite disease.
In a wirm and moist climate like that of Florida, we should
pect
to find putrefaction
.and
decay particularly active, but
e -facts are, so
far as my observations
have extended
, tbat i,
village and along the river for some distances, that
milk
|ours and meat putrefiee at
a lower
temperature, or sooner in
S*. A thick belt of trees, and of the sun flower plant will also intercept these
fg t. The eucalyptus has lately become especially the subject of experi-
,SpF tt wherever it will grow. It is not certain whether it acts simply as a
;;iters, like other trees, but morq effectually because its foliage commenoee close
:i tohe earth or whether the effect is jointly due to this and some specific id-
tttnce in virtue of ita remarkable balsamic odor; perhaps, in wet localities
its draining property; its extraordinarily rapid growth necaitating
applyy of moisture from its roots. .
Report of the Boston Board of gqalth states that diphtheria bha pre-
6 areer extent in the better districts of the city.
'I Y.
at
:that tbi atatepesat invalidates fay of tUe omaio$p.
' i.'' .4 -'. -: Ic' d l *.i rf. ^.< a -'
auwrno
4- -
J hpWtWR Kg
1 -,
OH
I.
i
WjKSn
r' r.
A;?
. T*-
-* *-/
A'
1
r- *' t,. i ,7
' .7-t
!f\^.
Pa
I
h
t2 '
OOHW 1BNnag 0o CLt
tbe same temperature in the
northern
sections ot'bd
than
here.
have
already described
the behaviit9
meat when exposed for some time to currents of
the preceding considerations to -these
facts
we must
that
air here, though
moderately warm and damp;
tions which
be notably free
course, give
from
Mnd we should also
those
infer
particular
agents
activity to
decay and
that wounds would
germs,
putrefacti
progress in a
ticularly satisfactory manner
which is a fact
also that dipI t
is unknown
, as is genuine
cholera,
typhoid
fever,
erysipelas rare, and scarlet fever rare and
purity of
the air
here, that
mild.
corn mparative
Whether
freedom I
putrefactive germs, and
its exemption from those diseases,
the relation of
cause and effect
, can not yet be demonstrated,
it may reasonably be
inferred.t
relation is fast establishing
In the year 1876, according
itself
to the
At all
in the
Report
events, a belief in
minds
of the Brooklyn
some of 0
Board
Health, there
deaths.
were, in
that city alone,
2,329
In 1878 this disease, according to the
off 2,393 persons in Paris.
has little if any influence
distinctly concerned in
Besmer
in determining
cases of diphtheria and
" Le Progres M6dCocl," oa
observes that density of poppy
the disease, but poverty is
promoting its development.
This, if so, speaks
for the purity of the air here, for there is poverty enough among the a
inhabbitants.
Bad drainage is thought in this country to have an
influence in promoting the disease, and
there are cities in this State
will afford unusuneally fine examples of this, and yet we see no diphtheria.
t The army surgeons during the
ate war found that a thorough appli
of carbolic acid to the streets, lanes, yards, and houses of districts infCO
Yellow fever
in New Orleans, decidedly
limited the spread of that
and the practice has been continued there ever since.
kyrb tihe
p~inJ Y
"London Lancet,
Burgeon-Major Tuson, Sixteenth
14enmics of cholera in India.
;aiwt be done thoroughly.
Royal Cavalry,
has frequently o1
the beneficial effects of burning fit
But as in the case of the use of ear
The author cites instances in which
apparently speedily succumbed after thorough ftmzigti of
asnd streets. Tbhe piles of wood eree pl4aod att
. UDnor
*t ,,-.
rjR y
* i
V.,,*''*
I*- ." W
.I 7,l
ylinuM~!
-1: '-;
I
,as Nott,
- ansom
, Huxley
Tyndall.
Alished
beyond
doubt,"
says Schrceder
(op. cit.),
se organic substances, be they the gasaeous products Qf
ve processes
in the animal
or vegetable kingdom,
germs, or
microscopical
animalcules
floating in
ua:pbere, do reach the lungs in the current
i-are there capable of doing great mischief."
t of
air inspired,
"The observa-
"are
etiology."
likely to have an important
" The septic condition of
influence on the doctrines
the air, as Dr. Sander-
has termed it, derives importance from the possibility of
concerned
in the
production
some
so-called
inotic diseases."
r:When we know that wounds and sores
on the surface of
y are
10ease,
so injuriously affected
" and that so great a
operations can
aftacee, we m
I
wrought
ay well imagine
by these
change
preventing
germs
result
their
how injurious an
or "seeds of
surgical
access to raw
influence may
produced on ulcerations and
other
diseased
processes going
:.'..eon in
S" Oz
B~~ti; '.
BV!*teapii'
T:." t*e. -
lungs,
whenever these
vhich is constantly brought
ration.
one.
-This agent is supposed
purity of the
of oxygen,
atmosphere, being
bodies
are abundant
in the
in contact with them through
be closely connected with
apparently a
more active
and converting injurious substances floating in
inert compounds.
subject
is, however, in a
other chaotic state as yet.
Within tbe last year or two numer-
a 'observations
in different
Ite ,by medical men
parts
mostly;
' the country have been
is extremely doubtful if
7of these have much
practical
value, from
the fact that we
pot yet in the possession
of any reliable
test, of
one which
ti 4 the reaction of this agent and of no other which might
. 1.tr'r
Schn bein'e
papers
have usually
Otor bo4iee are preeo
U ^ ?.- ---I
%,,
f )
""
P. AlAllE
, i
A?
<* tHx'&tZ' tpOLIM
its
c,
' '
V.,
r
tr ,
S
V"C
dNijection,
Sie Steve
the iodized red-
nD8'
Institute
itmus paper
of Technology,
largelyy with ozone in Hoboken
tains,
ut Profe
bhaue i
AdirondtI
& t ,
informs me that this paper, in an artificial
peroxide of bh
also not asifici
drogen
atmoep
hydrogen, gives the rEoction of ozone, and tb~ft
gently sensitive. He states that peroxide .9?
ately been detected in the atmosphere for th i.i
time
by Struve, a
Russian
chemist.
Schreiber,
in bib
paper (op.
reiterates
assertion
often made before
pine forests are instrumental
in the
production of
ozone.
says
: It has been the custom for quite a
tnend the pine
valid, but th
woods as a place of
' why
residence
process
ong time to reOi
for pulmonary i
only recently be
discovered.
The turpentine exhaled from these forests 1
to a greater degree
than
other bodies the property !of
verting
oxygen
air into
ozone, and
as the 1
destroys organic
matter, the
air of
such
forests
must
be, a
consequently
is, conducive to respiration."
' This was Scbonbein's
, because'the oxydation of t
oil and other essential oils in the
air caused
character
reaction of
this compound
Boo. J [2] xij,
:: peroxide
t point of
ozone on iodide
lately been
511),
of hydrogen,
oil of
turpentine
are permanent.
potassium.
examined
who finds that it cannot
because
"the nature
by Kingzett* (Ohe
be either ozone
destroyed
(160"),
which
Moreover, it
temperature ,o0
resists, to a cer
: extent, the action
of sodium
thiosulphate, and
bolutionA
:-water retains its properties after loog-continued boiling."
Surges, the
inventor
of the
process
wood, found that the introduction of
or i
few
prtme into his bleaohing-rgom would not o
':t formation of ozone, but would even d
'-**J-U .. *A W *e t** t/.*
* I.. <
4.
If 3 Iy i1fly, however,
6 A.^ -~ v -J ;
making pap
drops of i
uly pmiev fl
4-1
'-; .'
aff,
"^~
**?- *'
>d.^L-" .
b
I" '"
4 ~ -
'I.
4 Ja -
'--..
.'
b~#e Brettv maoch all the time in
aracter of the soil and
oae, in
-r
ubhaoil
some parts of the country,
i, than the conditions of the air.
Isorme valuable statistics on thih
imnoture, or a stiff
and
Thoroughly drained, is
midst
almost as i
more importanaqp
Dr. Bowditch has
point.
A soil retentive
clayey subsoil impervious
always
prejudicial
to it,.and
the health of
Abi4abitants.
Parkes* says of soils
" Some soils absorb and
rrx
a water
more
than
others."
passing through rapidly
" Sand
absorbs very little,"
" clay ten or twenty times more;
Shbrmous
or common
surface
more than forty or fifty
as much as sand."
soil, in this respect. In he
able on account of its heat,
" The sands are therefore the healthi-
countries,
unless
it can
sand *is
be covered
objec-
with
The effect of glare on the eyes
0u this becomes a very important point.
tion and with
a white surface, must
is obvious, and
If a spot, bare of
be used for habits-
some good
result may be obtained by coloring the houses
blue or green."
"The amount of
dust given off from soils
a matter
no soil
of slight
better
moment."
capable
With
of fulfilling
regard to permeu-
this requirement
that of Florida, as
sand
the predominating and some-
only ingredient
in the localities where invalids con-
though
is not
always to
judge
a nay more than the other constituents'of her climate by
f.V& P
r'nae.
i$f almost
fl theeoil
In some localities the soil,
pure
which has the appear-
sand, being quite productive.
is permeable.
But every-
Palatka, unlike any other locility
BtAte, is
covered with
a sod
of green
grass, for whioh
s no one has been able to offer any conclusive explana-
I obviates here
ndy surfaces.
a^ -* V. -
many of the objections urged by Dr.
comparative
valid& nuf
exemption -ft
ag from l4
^ *AJ -.*Q:.T
4
I
C~
*f .i S1 i
; IfY
-I
,'
,-!
:fl~r*
. -1
v:^
'tlia cause.
know the
serious
effects
r uange of artisans working at dusty trades.
Another topic deserves
called a constituent of
mention
climate, but
here
it cannot
it has a great deal 'to,
the success
climatic
treatment-the
advantages wh i
particular location may present for occupation and social
meAt, and without
scribed
a space.
crowding
Patients
invalid
must
have
class
some
in too ua
occupat
amusement
are always
more
dangerous
better
inva
Brooding and i fh
Boating, shooting, f
riding,
especially -h orseback,
excursions,
reading
(but
much of it) should
invalid will admit.
terest anywhere,
wh
be encouraged as far as the strength of<
Some will always find occupation al4jI
ile the great majority require to be i.d3
encouraged
course
the more varied the means the
tkr the chance of
especially if
preferable,
success.
Thus
a residence on a river or
they are thoroughfares for commerce and travel
caeteris
paribus,
inland
localities,
since
choice of
sport and recreation is more varied.
Patients
be taught to exert
going
on around
themselves
them
in their
to become
interested
new residence.
in wi
Lanier
poet, who has written a very interesting work on Florida,
an invalid
, forced to resort thither for his own safety
in giving the same advice:
"The field of Florida in these
ters
" (agriculture and products)
yet so
new
eo untri4
the resources of
as fascinating, ii
modern agricultUra
improvement a. to be
one should get one's interest aroused in if"
was in the old days when the Spaniards believed it to be fuj
told and pearls." If the invalid cannot feel satisfied
from home, cannot keep his mind from brooding ovn'he. .t
was
S nd
interests
avoid
family affairs, he
unnecessary sacrifice of
had better returti
money an
In fact, before he leaves home fnall-nte,"
4~
T-^
__
k"~"m
'- < '^|a
or. aO ATt.
/ \
- -A i j^'
'I'^W
if;.
slt b taken
s all, of his
decreed
of the patient's
disposition an,
to those who
happy under the changed
inclinationS,
temperament; andt
are incapabi
conditions
ox
Nl
e of makib
of life, or 4
ntific grounds for a climatic decision may collapee'like a
f cards."
question of
the sources of the
"water
supply of a health
'*
-'* '''^a
I'-
-
ks a most important one, and should always be ascertained,
ilble, by physicians who give advice on the subject of
of air.
More attention is now being devoted to sewage
*iminatio'hon account of the many serious accidents ocourring
!ir then watering-places within the last few years.
other
sourCes
contamination,
But there
especially in southern re-
which should receive more attention than has been accorded
It is.well known that water, contaminated by vegetable
id matter, a4 well as by minerals, as the salts of lime, pro-
S$e dysentery and
diarrhea,
may also
give
is not so generally ad-
rise
malarious
fevers.
JIt is
t that this fact should be generally recognized by those
in malarious localities, since ,water
ease in winter as well as in summer.
allow of allusion to a small number of
R support this theory.
may contain the seeds
Want of space will
arguments and fadts
As a 'general'rule, people consider
which is transparent and has no
unpleasant odor or taste
physicians
scientists
know that
these
are not
tests.
sorts, of
dangerous impurities may lurk in
water, while a comparatively repulsive-looking water may
1iebme to those accustomed
? *! ** -
,. When water
contains
a
it, as
the water
of some
great deal of organic matter,
n .it permeates a rich vegetable soil, it is brown or yellow,
of the Ooklawaha and St. John's rivers, and msy
ae 1t5.oS0 grains
a gallon..
Water
"hI^- r^vt ,-
*i
4 f
5;1 -e
ISF
IIB, rWt
p I
. i
\T~c~.;r
^
fl
gtaina
rr > ''
.Ut,
f '^ *u 'I
-. ,
*'V -~
COOQN8TITrmUEN Of OLMATB'
of the year, while
'':
those who drank pure Wbtqr
: ver during the late summer and autumnal months.
belief is
prevalent in
the south of India, .and in
We.
' deiseb, Canara, Balaghut, and Mysore, and in
the d
aasd district."
"It is notorious," says
Bettin
Madras
Oivil
Service,
" that
water
produces
fe0VOeBt
aifections of
the spleen.
presents conclusive evid
Parkes
adduces
similar
evidence
from
various.
France, and
water."*
from what
happens oi
states
water are more fatal than others.
n ships furnished wilAW4
Fevers produced by hoiplj
It is not improbable ttlJ86
malarious affections which have been so prevalent in the Cit,
New
York, in
older as well as
in the newer districts,
* *1 ,tt.
*^
been caused
by the Oroton water
bringing the malarious g
from
sources
the streams
the severe droughts of ea
mer and very small supply of snow in winter,
last eight or
nine
years,
having
caused
as
characteriziag
has already
stated,
an unusual
development
malarial
fever,
reader
many localities,
which had
been proverbially
healthy,
jualt t1
reverse.
The water of
many wells
Florida
is clear and sweet, a
'4
'1
therefore regarded
as perfectly suitable for drinking and.
'ing, but a proper examination would show it to be en rely uaot
though less so than that from the shallow wells and bro~okt
frequently used by the country people.
It was supposed,
* u"
boring down to or through the coral rock underlying tber
Safe drinking-water would
amll
.be.tiful
amount
be obtained.
of sulphuretted hydrogen
palatable, and
This water, a
Is has pusawd
far better than any wellot
diMtr;- but it gives, on chemical analysis, too large a
.salts and of' organic matter to render it perftcldyo.
a ety fair
asubitute okr ia water- tho t*
a S at ^ I-.^.^.
wAsq. It&$W ia.. st
-
1:;,
L.i~i
111
VW
. '... jM^ &
I
'* .) '-
*bo cannot afbad this, can make oe on for hi
borne in
mind
Itself may become a sour
,however, that, after a tin
ce of contamination, andn t6e
i'should
Wt ~teair.'
occasionally be
h
removed,
spread
out, and' eox
idc-the kind and quality, and the manner of its prepaa
a l a'matter of
o n small importance to an invalid;
However suitable in other respects,
cannot obtain good and decently-cooked
-r -
and no
is proper for him f
food.
Many come
Wlorida with
so little
money that
they must obtain
board
ethe food is such that they
dyspepsia and
cannot eat it, or if they do, it
an aggravation of their already existing
In tbis case I usually advise them to go
home.
Good
can be had anywhere in the State and at reasonable rates;
I oas wines, medicines, and all the comforts of life, which wae
ins me cles an e onr\o
t theacase a few years ago.
otad, for some localities, milk.
"t,-obtainable in larer auantitv
U A1
: only to
fed with'
Perhaps one
article ought to be
But this will probably soon
and
better
nutritious
quality, as coe
give
good
milk;
whether they are in Florida or New
of food, however, should
| temperature
to which
York.
amount and
be adapted to the great
the invalid has been subjected.
change
This
wldom thought of, and when 'nature attempts to prompt him,
. ints are misunderstood
complains
of loess
, and, after
a few weeks'
residence,
of appetite for his accustomed articleld o
; he cannot relish his usual quantity of beefsteak
or roast
I.
,,~
4
A
4
4.
twioe a day
he becomes dissatisfied
d .remember
, and wishes a chaogea
a different kind is re-
& warm
climate;
meat, and
lighter kibda,
W~iL--'.
Se. eggs, vegetables, frbite.
want of observance *
dtie indatcee biliousnese," dyspepsia, and perhaps diav
rooden oiterns, and there is an bhu
SThe bw^hfcias ^ ^te
1
, .*^
ff^'-*
^**
td
r*jll-
i,r
_I
iv
Ac s, and as
cmaeb) all
* -. *^1 **A* .*7 *' -
'* '* **** -* '' t ^ ;
I -*
OONBTTUUNS ow st~
a physician is seldom consulted,
attributed
?' S~rj~
e6l<
to the climate, and p
laia, and Florida has to
bear the
odium
this' as
all the other imprudent acts of
A few words are necessary with
ble for
a Florida winter.
invalids and tourists.
regard to the clot
may be
inferred
_tl .
from w
been said with reference to variations in temperature fi
to time, that a considerable variety of
command of the invalid.
clothing should bW
Thicker clothing is required in
than in New York at the same temperature.
Linen dot
- invalids
at least, are seldom wanted.
That
which
moderate winter or early spring weather
the Norttt,
be best.
One should
have a thick and a thin
overcoat.
or merinoes should
underclothes of
course, be
different weight should
worn
provided so
prepared for all emergencies.
Of the diseases which may ,be benefited
by 'change
and especially by Florida climate, only one
tioned--pulmonary consumption,
yet been me
yet ra
because the question of cht1
of climate arises far mdre frequently with reference to this
any other, and yet this powerful
oeosful in the cure
would be otherwise
therapeutic agent is more
la most any other
I
, however, we
the remedy were resorted
ease, if the climatic change were aided,
should be,
disease
than
this.
re the cases properly eeatis
in the early stages of theig
as all writers urge
by other therapeutic measures, and by judi
advice as to the mode of life suited to each
particular ca i~1
t: the adopted climate.
. t is
aotorious
that
large numbers are annually se ot
S.uth who
aceed state
are entirely unfit
of the
disease
;o leave home on aooo at4
or extreme debility.b
wi, then, or oooditiots of the patient w aq
^x!.K n 7.a *
"a r' T
- 1.
L^ '*/ .?
N. .
* r :
I
A'y:,
1I
vn
I.^
-'
0, "-
*
11'
sia
I
1_
*L-as^
-s./t
extent. their
in*iaatio t. 4*iK,
own caprice, or the notion of their f&ai
who have been benefited perhaps
M^.bid
happened
to suit their
cage.
by some
Some
part
see'
the nerve, the moral courage to announce to the
that
t4obanish
case is hopeless, and
patient
from home
that
thus
woa
an
'A
b.
;lds bir,
,,,,S
ou rmJIJ
ing cases fall into
hands of those of us whose lot it
minister to the last sufferings, mental and physical, of thQoe
away from
the oomforts of home and
31, and thus is the reputation of climatic treatment deprer
A Rood
deal
unnecessary stress
is, it
seems to me,
a on the
of the disease
being
in the
so-called
"third
" as a condition
unsuited
Swarm, sedative climate.
for change, especially a change
It has prevented many from avail-
aemselves
1 much
benefited
advantages
the third
change who
stage,
or stage
might
have
of softening,
often the curative
means which
nature adopts to get rid
gerous deposits in the lungs.
The extent or condition of
or of
the foyer purulent, should
be carefully deter.
A.large cavity, or one not circumscribed
or invading
lung
in different
by a limiting
directions, or
.panied by an unfavorable condition of the general health,
contraindicate change.
the simple fact that soften-
pe oommened, that a cavity exists, or even more than one,
- -
:the third stage has
arrived
, should not, per se, condemn s
All physicians who have made many autopsies, or who
* dissected extensively, must have
met with
not a few in-
of the healing of
cavities in the lung, or in both lungs.
net observed numerous
instances of the
healing of the
the lungs of old women who died at the Salp6tribrq
MM. Frrae
Cruveilhier noticed the same fa4
ib and Bic6tre
# atc.gj- .- S
?nnrF ~ fana hf1
in .the
bodies of both saxe
L57 oq t qi 360 who
iw in~ Uw- WW
F
M in
p
-t
'a
,y.U -
twhen phpical examination reveals bt
S*hwre there is exoeeaive emaciation, a eerio Sa
competitionn of the blood, as indicated by a peculiari
ie of digestion
*:fflx^,
nutrition, diarrhea, hectic feVe
plee,
profuse
expectoration,
exhausting
sweat,
breathing, inability to exercise
to any extent.
It is
sary that all this formidable array of symptoms should
warrant
physician as regards
an unfavorable
change of
opinion
climate.
on the
part
The moet anu
examination is sufficient to enable one to judge of the
.T. -
these
cases .
Numbers
these
invalids
. allowed to go, let us
say are
sent, hundreds of
home.
This is one reason why climatic treatment so oftt-
Another
prominent cause
of failure
is the advice obi
almost universally, given by physicians to trust to toe cn
to "avoid drugs and doctors."
immense number of
have, doubtless, already been found useless, perhaps worimw
I~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~r qJei 4
neelse, and it is natural that the patient should be told 6
them.
But a remedy which, in
one climate, has proveic
*1
less, might be of
circumstances.
decided value
A mere change of
in another and
under
air and scene may, ansd&
does, prove all that is necessary in a few cases of inoipient
ease;
but, as a very general rule, invalids require
QV
moreoor
medication at one time or another during the winter.
cations, some of which may be incident to the change of cli
food, water, etc., and especially to the fatigue and excitemw
Sthe
journey, require attention.
lees and reckless, and require
Invalids are notoriously
have some mne at
S authority to check them.
All writers on
climate have
'gainat this proclivity to trust too much to climate.
lark says
"In
the first place, I would strongly ad
who goes abroad for the recovery of his
his dieae, or
to what
S'.4K-ld
Si2)W -
L J^d
i I
r
m.,
*%1'"
*1. A
I, i ,
a.#w d.Ae remained ins oMwn
requiring attention from the inv
b eauallv attended to abroad.
fIin some
akitde may be allowed, other will demand even a
station.
It is, in
truth, only by
a due
regard
to all
airoumstanoee
i4d
-.4lp
to throw
te,a
that
off, or
th& powers
even
of the constitution
materially
disease of long standing."
mitigate,
"It was, indeed, a
of surprise
me, during my residence abroad, to ob-
the manner in which many invalids seemed to lose sight
e object for which they left their own country-the recovery
AeawU&
"
The mom common and more injurious devi-
that system
.onasist
in errors
of living which
f diet, exposure
an invalid
ought to
to cold, over-fatigue.,
etoitement
in ,what
is called
'sight-seeing,'
frequenting
and over-heated rooms, keeping late hours," etc.
r/Hliams (op. cit.) remarks: Climate is only one portion
Ie system of attack which we organize against the dread
i decimates our population, and would be worth little if
l$*iabined with medicine and hygiene, and a determined will
writle bravely against the home-thrusting enemy."
Bon (Trans. Colorado State Med. Soc.) thus discourses
, as a class, are generally careless, self-willed, and
Many
naturally so;
Sfthem by their physicians
that they will not need
more
made
so by
Dr.T.
"In-
unreal
instructions
East telling them almost inva-
to consult a physician here, but
to the mountains,
'' live out
of doors,
So, with
full of preeoriptions from home, the poor sufferer rushes
this
jii
altitude, and
in his ravee"
without
proper medical
advice;
The following remarks of Forry, than
f4 4 one is better qualified
to give advice in this oounec
Sppppt. that I quote them at length
"Letw n
I.
toomuch to orange of climate
U
It the ^
^nfatw+i
JA w&lH
Ivana~a, Iti
V^T^
4
.L A-
an.T
IC.
I
*i" .1 n
/^^^E
L *^ -
", 't*,~
& s. ^..
Y
__
from
1> *' -
1
a^44 U?A-g^ M!t
nraw
Sar wfitl the oer inty f bhintg hie
hlg.-life shortened, instead of being allows d .
s own family;
while another, who
might deive
:a tage from the change, is sent abroad wholly unit
Agatrd to the selection of
a proper residence or ign
various circumstances by which alone the moet suitable
'an
rendered
beneficial.
It is
of our
mbet
remedial agents, and one, too, which, in many eases, wi
of no
substitute.
much
permanent
benefit
' either from
travelling, nor change of
climate, nor theft
bined influence, unless the invalid adheres strictly to suck-
men
as his
case
may require.
This
remedy--change a
matet-must
means, and
be considered in the light of
insure
all other thera
tieaesary
conditions
- measure, regard
observed.
the change of
climate
patient should,
as merely plaoinj
in a situation more favorable for the operation
demanded by his disease."
Another cause of
failure
patients
of the r
only
with
rate amount of
disease
often
improve so
much
in one
that they, and sometimes also their physicians, yielding W*i
rural deeire of
the invalids
remain
at home, permit
do so during the second
or third winter.
Shat a catarrh, or pneumonia,
Sthe climate and to
overwork, or
or some complication iundi
possibly only the
- :I9
1 influence of a cold and damp winter, causes
a relapse w
tlbirt, or insures a travel over
.a still longer road
of inv
h an
before.
matter
how slight
the evidence -of
in a young person may be, especially if there be heredity
dbpoiition, he should be fully impressed with the id,
iSge of base must
not be for one or two aeasons, b
for several, however flattering may be the
'-1'
'' ~
proper action, it is requisite tbi
devot i
;-/^a
N\
I
wt-
A
eotsesto
r
- 1:
I" ,' /!'
iM limatio csoang
.f*r medical suBapervi ion ad
- ^
fMriea leaving home in a feeble oatiti
t to Florida, not resting, as they should, o th.
noine or le exhausted by the journey, and then,
ptj reat for a day or two at least, and in bed if an
themselves about, and
sometimes
to.
^rdsted for weeks.
Sometimes from a too sudden ohan
A very
a l -
cold
a warm
temperature, gastric
l~' arise, and require treatment.
or h
Some patients wit h&
with a temperature ranging from 1030 to 1040, pursue
itise
mined
proper
course, struggling to
give up,
remedies.
baoed perhaps from
make
when
a show of strength, and
they should
Sometimes
exposure
bed and
a harassing cough,
of their journey,
or. a
6. pleasure
trip, or in
sight-seeing, drives
away their
own
Uand that of their neighbors night after night, yet they arm
I into
asserting
in the
morning that
they have
had a
ty good night," their whole, aspect denying the assertion.
and exhausting sweats are allowed to go on unchecked by
| i or are tampered with as are their other complications,
infrequently by domestic remedies, or the advice of symps-
Ibg acquaintances.
Dyspeptic symptoms
often arise from
dMiou eating, or perhaps as a consequence of their disease,
interfere with
nutrition
during the whole winter perhaps.
1$ appetite, especially during the latter part of the winter
I taoible the invalid.
Diarrhcea is a not infrequent coovt
on, which is generally neglected until it becomes a eeriots
Thiee are
the attention
.Dr.
a few
of a
of the many exigencies which
judicious
Nichols, in
physician, and
recent
of one
pamphlet (B
a
yi,
EL!
An.*fI
North
ManachusettB Medical
"hA toyou have reached Floui&1
/*. ..*- ..- : -J^ -. \- .- '" af- l.fK: ni 'a
5W
I
I
L
V? !
^: ti
I
- -*-
sa.:
S^ '
S -
. m
m
Sthe
Psme
)ypltlys
troon
iotcurrnen
2 of theee various ompliti
advice as to their management, lead to
S.anad
dangerous
habit
perhaps, opposes
of invalids, which,
their
more
efforts and sacrifice i&t
haaper,
f heath.
Experiencing aggravation of some of their sy
ot the advent of
new annoyances, they arrive at the oot~
( jtat they have not
:other, to go through
found the
a similar
proper
location, and
experience, perhaps;
thoy
41 'l '
oA~ir r
go on,
wasting
winter
in experiments, and
finally
home in the spring no
tie judicious
medical
better, probably worse.
advice or
caution, in
Whereas, a^t
- (
aight have put them on the road to
their complaint.
melioration
Among the diseases for which a climate like that of
Particularly suitable may be enumerated
earlier stages;
for, as
worse than useless
bronchial
in the case of
send
affections-these
Bright's
tubercular
the very advanced
usually recover
or "*
t' '
disease in
phthuisis41
cases.
rapidly.
now and then a case of sore throat "
when
there
is tubercular
ulceration
is sent as a curable
of the
epiglottis,
,., .t.2'
; quent on disease of
the lungs, of which the patient has beet
in. ignorance.
These
are, of course,
hopeless, and
very a
damage the reputation of
pumonia,. consolidation,
climatic treatment;
which has survived
cases of u
the usual tMa
f-i..* a
and has left the invalid feeble, short of breath, with oot
of appetite, etc.
i'4ama) says
Dr. Bizzell (Trans. of Med. Amo. of
" Such oases recover almost magically in the
mild air of Florida ";
eAsia, particularly those
skoqping-oough
children of atrumowu
convalescing from
rheumatism
or tubercular
measle, at
neuralgia.
aght singular that the former
should be
Sowing to the amount of moisture sup
But the/fMt is that, without any eadi
,i i .,
- t
rL
I YI
f^ I t
I~ I
..;^
'I; ^
^-Oni
a^Vw'I~
I
4[ m It
" ^J '* -"
ofMa
nTlh*V* V
promptly yields to the I
otiad; many of the nervous and neur&Wi
uterine disease, or surviving its sacoeesMal
ar elooal lesions
g unsatisfactorily,
are concerned), do well.
in a cold climate, from almost.
disease, even
from
malarial affections (witness
own case), will find a change to a temperature whiou
>le them to derive the benefit, through a long winter, Os
it fresh, open air, extremely beneficial.
Very old person
any disease will have their lives prolonged and rended
'ortable by a winter residence in
men
who
suffer
o ida; especially old
kr;- -
the mild, genial
from
A ',
p
4)k'
* ,
bladder
S- -
"
Lastly, Florida ofers a haven
condition
which
of rest and
is unfortunately becoming
t among "the restless, driving denizens of
our Norther
cities, which comes under the comprehensive desig-
of nervous prostration,
what Hand field Jones terms waI
Spare, and which was thus described
1y fifty years ago:
' There is a condition
by James
Johneoat
of body interim.
,^' T,
: n. 32
.3-
.1
1 'I
.I ,
w between sickness and health, but much nearer the former
the latter, to which
am unable
give
a satisfactory
It is daily and hourly felt by tens of
lis (London) and throughout
that
ever
been
p, -though I apprehend
r tiimately, if not for
-fLa of the
described.
it makes
thousands in thi
empire;
I donot
It is not curable by
much work
the undertakers.
living machine, mental
for the de..
that wan
corporeal, which
from over-strenuous labor or exertion of the intellectual
t rather than of the corporeal powers, conducted in ans
imal d and bad air.
this cerebral
consumption, a
.,
'C-I
'-, ,,'t
*
I A
1
V.
:I
iji %ty term it, Florida affords as healing a balm as
varietyy"
rwnn"*
Saetwith every year in increasing n umnb
|i~d~ht^ ^nfl^ And i itirma enet n H <1Imnlif
liff^SBSS~a~ *^/.^ ^?/
ic troubles.
that
4;.,
*tI
, ^ 'I'
<*- *
$
I
r
*
i
*
A ; ,
B^M^~
I
.
-z~f(r~
;v: sum~'4r
^' Vt
applyingg the extravagant want of
V1aupplpying the extravagant wants of
a^
lies;
heads of our
great corporations, railwayq
insurance companies,
management
and responsibility
often at the head of several,
their utmost tension, with very rare
one such
ontent
organic
whose mental powers have
intervals of re
years.
light
Sad it is to witness the wreck
ofthis
experience,
of such
minds.
we are almost disposed to re
invention
of the
graph, which
telegraph,
enables
us and
especially
forces
us to
of the oceaws
compress so .m
business into so small a space of
time, as a very equivooea
The facilities for accomplishing, and
the inducemea
undertaking, increased work and responsibility, thus multip
year by year, it does
require a prophet to predict a
increase of
nervous diseases
cerebral wr6oks if our
generally, our educated
and mercantile classes, are not a
to the necessity for a decided
reform
in their
reckless
,.Dr Nichols says,
in his recent pamphlet (Essay read before
Esser North Mass. Med. Soc.
,May,
1878) :
"Without far
remark, we will say now, that for that class of
ailment. 4
ing upon abnormal
lated to afford relief
nerve
than t
functions,no climate is better c
hat of Florida. The poor, brokhti
down man
of business, the
nervous wife
mother,
and worn with household cares and duties,
will find
in this
lightful air a balm well calculated to restore nerve action to
healthy conditions.
mental
physical
which comes even during a brief residence in Florida is ia '
view, one of the most remarkable
results of its climatic
oene.
door
"The best possible
life in
a climate
medicine for weak nerves is
subject to
violent change;
dimate is afforded by Florida in winter."
These conditions of .the nervous system are not
61a66 of the most serious import, but still mren
|t-~eir hflf i^*tt ^1on
iyt *
V,
V
_
'jM
Sing,
?ryr*V 1>
anxieties which so
often
beset
flrw.
well
-: of organic
s^r iiS
be regarded
diseases,
as mainly inst
and especially
o duty of the physician to be watchful of the develop
Sof such cases, especially in phthisical families. TheB
)ms, of
what has been
termed
|anerally quite obvious-failing
events
the pre-tubercular
health, loss of appet
I .
or surroundings, dyspepsia, lassitude, somes
.anemia, but no
oby change of
climate.
qr. Geddinge (op. cit.),
These are the cases
" The number of
cases like thee,)
If
-'
" is simply enormous, and the phy
who, forgetting that his mission is to avert disease, as well
cure it, sounds no note of warning, is not only
r, but guilt(
ii too ftrsh.
negligence, for which
Year
by year
cases
come
term
derelict in
criminal i.
under the writer's
Str
'V
' I'
* 9.
"4'll
action ,
where neglect on the part of
the physician to give
warning, or its disregard when given,
has caused a sacrifice
Sihman life which might have been prevented."
e have said
that
patients
must
not rely too much on cli-
neither must they expect too much.
f^,' 4 p
lient disappointment and a failure
This also has led to
to appreciate the benefit
tic change.
A decidedly consumptive invalid comes to
loidba, and because he has not regained his health and strength
1 spring, he concludes that the change has done him little
o good. Perhaps he feels little or no better. Yet he does
l iKow how much worse he might have been had he remained
comes
n climate
more
than
would
Florida
have
escape
avoid
exposed
from
dangers to which a
L, and if he gains
these dangers, catarrhal
%*4 pneumonia, pleurisy, bronchitis, etc., he has
b ilE his pacriice.
been well
s-i
* tl
a invalid thus philosophizes on the subject:
tiev in. Florida is $b u a
^'B'iB -^ ^'/^ y '-^"^^ ^'^ 'r --- SW.^
1I .44 '
a r'&~-r'\ .>
- i ,
- --*^y.^
r*-
physical signs.
In-4
. U
1* ,^
FI
*
' fr^ \ *
. 77. L(
-
and
k :
*-
I w
I
V
Ae.
b into winter quarters previous to und
campaign,
fight with
And if life is to be a constant
from
death, this
is a strong
which he may retire, and from which hl may often Met
,&t efiano."
With
regard
proper
time
may go from the first to the middle of
>r going to Fold
November if
-. tion requires so early
however, he has only
a retreat
a limited
from
time
inclement
weatl,
disp
better wait until the first of February.
oranges ~al
in perfection, and the
weather
also.
does
fpend
whole
a long
winter and spring in Florida,
cannot remain
at the North,
or if he
pines
for a
may go up to Aiken,
or he may stop at Aiken in the early
of the winter.
October is delightful there, at
there is
no cold
interfere with an invalid until Christmas, and |
- later.
" This,"
says
Geddings
cit.),
"i undou
the finest portion of the year, the air being just cold
as a tonic without chilling,
eno0
or in any way adding
discomfort of
even the most sensitive invalid."
4iken hbd
one of the finest hotels in the southern country.
When shall one leave Florida on his return north?--ie a
important question.
again by all writers
The warning has been repeated gain
on climate
"Don't
home too:
But still the fatal mistake continues to
fes and benefits of
be made, and the
a whole winter are often thrown away
premature return
in the
and beautiful weather
spring.
Quite
in April, or even
a long spell of
in March, whiok
characterizes our treacherous. northern climate,
'beoomes green and the early flowers
-te birds begin to
when tL.
put forth their
sing, beguiles the invalid or his fri
.. -.
- *
a
-
ag to see him home among them again, into the belij
guvly summer
*-v~'-*
is at
hand, and
a-,sr I&. .
< to be g sr!eeAd, o Chi
rt .1 a.
hastens
a8wq 4
, .V +*
_
LW t
-' am
.-The qietion.whetler j ^!
d4 or by sea naturally presents
the tourist. Rail
woe the dangers of
-
ays are
the sea
usually preferred
*f'a I
the horrors of M?
- S
As regards danger to life, that of the sea is
or, according to statistics, than
advantages
travel
by sea.
land.
fatigue
There
is lea;
Ss usually greater
the danger of taking cold and of ag
X generally is lees, or precautions against it are more ,ad
Control
individual.
ial to the consumptive or
W- the
time
arrested.
voyage
bronchitic
Even
is almost alwag
invalid;
invalid
aces, it is only a temporary suffering, and does
Disease,
If he is so feeble as to
i,'he is unfit to travel at all,
regards sea-sickness,
this may
render
a sea
the ooug
suffers
frow
not inore
voyage
and should remain
dat
at homn
be in many oases entirely
others promptly cured, or greatly mitigated.
W *n
-
II
'p
.4
La.
1P ^^
[--
y^
I t "
I ^1
Elsewhere* written at considerable length of the treatment
tsea and vomiting from
various causes.
of sea-sickness I employ bromide of
doses, half a drachm, three times a day,
the prewve-
potassium or calcium
about three
before the day
sailing,
or enough
system
under the influence of
the drug at that date, as evidenced
a feeling of
pleasant drowsiness.
keep
,:oce, two or three doses a day after sailing,
is high.
this influence up
especially if the
Some persons prevent sickness by wearing Jobard's
lt buckled as tightly around the waist or pit of
be 'borne with comfort.
Ladies
can bear it
the stomach
better than
* fIy
A/
-:
imen.
New
on deck,
BPre,
These can be had at Tiemann & Co.'s, 67 Chatham
York.
The invalid should, if the weather permit,
and, if threat d
take
meals
with sickness, in the reoum-
on deck.
If he
takes hli
aloon, he should not linger a moment after he hab
er$ae e&l wf p9in food, but go in the open
vktn^.'i ^ tj dIK a. *
3 rev--
2 k .
* I 1. -,^^J
4w,-
i. I
* 1 ^
iteel*
. *fc.-,
."
S^W^v:~
Y
'*''
g the numerous
cures,
I know
none
'Ity.
A person can get a small,
inexpensive G
from five to ten dollars, which requires no deetrctt
it, which any
.yery soon.
"
may
learn
to apply mc
A flat sponge moistened well or a wet napkiic
.. I. Ut
ieDmorappea around the
brass cylinder electrodes,
into them
, so as to furnish a large surface.
One of these
be placed on the epigastrium,
the other opposite, over the:
solar
plexus,
the latter, during half the time,
seventh cervical
vertebra.
The electricity
may
for half an hour or an hour in bad cases, only strong e
give a pleasant
sensation.
Apomorphia in
very
minute
(the homoeopathic triturations furnish the most convenient
is well
worthy
trial.
For sleeplessness associated with
sickness,
nausea)
chloral
hydrate may
doses
taken
fifteen
grains.
(in a wafer to pi
A stop-cook
screw may be put into a bottle of
dry champagne
this k
ice, and small
doses
p : debilitated subjects.
taken
every
By strictly
half hour or so, espeoii
observing the above p
P tions and remedial measures, sea-sickness may be proven
cured
in most cases, not in all.
ing in sight of
steamer,
Those who get sick upon
or thinking
voyage,
, better take to the railway.
,I
p S
: '-11
y'^
E: I: AT A.
Please make
Page 18,
the fo
line 17
lowing corrections before
for misral read mistral.
reading:
Page
Page
line 7
, for begets read beget.
no 4 of foot-note, scratch out more
after
were,
erase the comma after perhaps more.
Page 39,
Page 40,
Page 55,
line.12, for humous read humus.
for Hal
in foot-note read Hallock.
line 21, place a comma after the word day.
