![]() ![]() |
![]() |
|
UFDC Home |
myUFDC Home | Help | ![]() |
Front Cover | |
Field block locations | |
Agenda | |
Table of Contents | |
Introduction | |
History of the Gulf Coast Research... | |
Gulf Coast Research and Education... | |
Vegetable crop improvement | |
Vegetable crop protection | |
Vegetable crop production | |
Acknowledgement | |
Back Cover |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Citation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table of Contents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Front Cover
Front Cover Field block locations Page i Agenda Page ii Table of Contents Page iii Introduction Page 1 History of the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Page 2 Gulf Coast Research and Education Center personnel Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Vegetable crop improvement Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Vegetable crop protection Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Vegetable crop production Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Acknowledgement Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Back Cover Back Cover |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100
ICT 00 3 2000 lWRST SCITSC LIBRARY Gc Bradenton GCREC Research ReportBRA 1999-3 92-3 GULF COAST RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER F 1Y 0 0 * a ow * U rb pr iJki U aaus C~~ryl~~0L 0L xP 0 C1 m O JCIz IL ~IIt r r"2, f- ;"+ + I~ E w FIELD BLOCK LOCATIONS L ~oad 160th =tffe 7 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Gulf Coast Research & Education Center Bradenton 5007 60th Street East Bradenton, FL 34203 43rd VEGETABLE FIELD DAY Tuesday, 18 May 1999 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000>0>< 000<0000>0 0 000 0 Field Day Coordinator: Don Maynard Moderator: Don Maynard AM 8:15 9:00 9:10 9:30 11:00 PM 12:30 1:30 Registration Welcome Comments Ed Hanlon, Interim Center Director The Complementary Relationship between Agricultural Research and Extension Dr. Christine T. Waddill, Dean and Director of the Florida Cooperative Extension Service First Tour (Choice of Tour 1, 2, or 3) Second Tour (choice of Tour 1, 2, or 3) LUNCH Faculty with be available for individual discussions Three tours will be available: (1) Vegetable Crop Improvement (2) Vegetable Crop Protection (3) Vegetable Crop Production and Variety Evaluation For individuals with disabilities requiring special accommodations, please contact Dr. Don Maynard at the above address (941/751-7636) within 72 hours prior to the field day so that proper consideration may be given to the request. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 History of GCREC Bradenton ............................................................................. 2 List of Program Leaders ....................................................................................... 3 Support Staff....................................................................................................... 5 Tour 1: Vegetable Crop Improvement ..................................................... 8 Tour 2: Vegetable Crop Protection ....................................................... 28 Tour 3: Vegetable Crop Production and Variety Evaluation ..................... 52 Acknowledgement/Grantors ............................................................................... 68 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center on behalf of our faculty and staff. This Center is comprised of the Bradenton and Dover facilities, and is a part of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. This location was established in 1925 as the Tomato Disease Laboratory (a one-faculty facility in Palmetto). The first ornamental programs began in 1942. In 1999, our faculty members include one grant-supported scientist and 14 state research and extension specialists from selected disciplines who participate in all phases of vegetable and ornamental horticulture. This interdisciplinary team approach is an effective means of using public resources to generate needed information for making wise decisions concerning production and crop protection strategies. The primary mission of the Gulf Coast REC at Bradenton and Dover is: To develop and disseminate new scientific knowledge and technology regarding commercial ornamental, strawberry, and vegetable crops allowing Florida agriculture to remain efficient and economically competitive with other regions of the world. To function as an integral part of the Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS campus departments, and other research centers with extension, undergraduate and graduate student training, and cooperative research for the benefit of Florida's consumers, producers, and students. Active Programmatic Areas: 1. Genetics, plant breeding, and variety development/evaluation, with special emphasis on tomato, strawberry, tropical pumpkin, caladium, gladiolus, and other flower crops. 2. Integrated biological, chemical, and cultural pest management in entomology, nematology, mycology, virology, and weed science. 3. Soil and water management and natural resource protection. 4. Production, culture, management, and pre- and postharvest physiology of ornamental, strawberry, and vegetable crops. 5. Leadership in floriculture and vegetable crop management for state extension programs in southwest Florida. 6. Graduate student training and special undergraduate courses. 7. Advancement of fundamental knowledge of disciplines represented by faculty. Information presented in this publication summarizes our active research projects dealing with vegetable crops. We sincerely appreciate your interest and support of these research programs, and continuously solicit your suggestions for improvement of our research and extension programs. Ed Hanlon HISTORY OF THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center originated in the fall of 1925 with the construction of the Tomato Disease Laboratory. Tomato Disease Laboratory: A 20 acre tract of Manatee County-owned property in Palmetto was made available with the cooperation of the Manatee Board of County Commissioners. Operational and construction money and equipment were supplied by local growers. The primary objective of the laboratory was to formulate a control ofnailhead spot of tomato. Later studies emphasized the breeding for resistance to Fusarium wilt and the control of tobacco mosaic in tomatoes. In 1937, with expansion of the vegetable industry in Manatee County and surrounding areas, the State Legislature authorized new facilities for the research program. Vegetable Crops Laboratory: In August, 1938, the Manatee County Commissioners donated 80% of the purchase price of a 106 acre tract in east Bradenton. The expanded facility and diversified vegetable crop research led to the establishment of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory. Following this relocation, horticultural, entomological, and soil studies were initiated on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, sweet corn, and other vegetables. Since the laboratory was located in a region where gladiolus was grown for winter flowers, the scope of the laboratory was broadened in 1942 to include disease problems confronting gladiolus growers. Gulf Coast Experiment Station: In March, 1957, the State Board of control elevated the status of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory to a branch station and renamed it The Gulf Coast Experiment Station. Investigations were begun on chemical weed control, nematodes, and other soil-borne pests. In 1954, the ornamental program was broadened to include chrysanthemums and other commercial cut-flowers. In 1959, a 200 acre tract was acquired 8 miles east of Bradenton along State Road 70 and the Caruso Road. All of the vegetable experimental field programs were moved to this new location. In 1965, after construction of office and laboratory facilities, farm buildings, greenhouses, and a residence, all research programs were conducted on this new farm. Agricultural Research & Education Center Bradenton: In 1971, the Gulf Coast Experiment Station was renamed Agricultural Research and Education Center to emphasize the programs of both research and education. Gulf Coast Research & Education Center: In 1984, to reflect the regionality of the research and education programs at Bradenton, IFAS and the State Board of Regents renamed the center the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center. Current programs are in progress and production problems associated with vegetables and ornamentals and strawberries grown on the sandy soil of Florida. The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center has administrative and research supervision over a satellite station, GCREC-Dover (formerly the Strawberry and Vegetable Field Laboratory). The Dover station is the hub of strawberry research in Florida, including breeding, horticultural, and pathological studies. GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON, FLORIDA Program Leaders. Appointment Date, and Area of Specialization Michelle L. Bell 1997. Assistant Professor. Environmental Horticulturist, Extension Floriculture Specialist Alexander A. Csizinszky 1976. Associate Professor. Production systems, crop management and post-harvest studies on vegetable crops. David Dunigan 1998. Postdoctoral Research Scientist. Techniques for testing and producing certified disease-free strawberry plant propagation material. Joseph Flaherty 1998. Assistant-In Plant Pathology. Ecology of bacterial pathogens of ornamental and vegetable crops. James P. Gilreath 1981. Associate Professor. Weed control of vegetable and ornamental crops. Edward A. Hanlon. 1999. Interim Center Director. Brent K. Harbaugh 1975. Professor. Production, harvesting and marketing ysstems for ornamental crops. Donald N. Maynard 1985. Professor. Extension educational programs and research on vegetable crops. Robert J. McGovern 1996. Associate Professor. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops. Jane E. Polston 1991. Associate Professor. Ecology and control of viral diseases of vegetables and ornamentals. James F. Price 1978. Associate Professor. Identification, biology and control of insects and mites of ornamental and strawberry crops. David J. Schuster 1975. Professor. Identification, biology and control of insects and mites of vegetable crops. John W. Scott 1981. Professor. Tomato cultivar development and genetics. Craig D. Stanley 1979. Professor. Soil-water relations for ornamental and vegetable crops. Gary J. Wilfret 1969. Professor. Breeding and development of new cultivars of cut flowers and other ornamental crops. Gulf Coast Research and Education Center-Dover, Florida Craig K. Chandler 1987. Associate Professor. Strawberry breeding and development of new varieties of strawberry. Daniel E. Legard 1995. Assistant Professor. Etiology and control of strawberry and vegetable diseases. Emeritus Faculty Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Earl E. Albregts 1967. Professor. Production, soil and plant nutrition of strawberry and vegetable crops. Donald S. Burgis 1946. Professor. Vegetable production, weed control and growth regulators. Arthur W. Engelhard 1966. Professor. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops. C.M. Geraldson 1951. Professor. Etiology and control of diseases ofvegetable crops. A.J. Overman 1945. Professor. Etiology and control of nematode-incited diseases of ornamentals and vegetables. George A. Marlowe, Jr. 1976. Professor. Physiological and nutritional disorders and diseases of vegetables and ornamental crops. Willie E. Waters 1960. Professor. Administration, soil and plant nutrition, and ornamental horticulture. Max Beeler Frederick Snyder Administrative and Professional Staff Coordinator, Research Programs/Services Business Manager University Support Personnel Office Staff: Nancy Kost Tracey Revels Barbara Daniels Debbie Smelser Patricia McClain Program Assistant Sr. Word Processing Operator Accountant Sr. Fiscal Assistant Sr. Secretary Richard Thomas Donald Ness Todd Test John Lehman Kathy Wood Engineer Maintenance Specialist Maintenance Mechanic Carpenter Agricultural Assistant Mark Knowles Lamar Parrish Joyce Jones David Myers Hector Ortiz Ray Ballard Cindy Friedline Vickie Madden Farm Supervisor Sr. Agricultural Assistant Sr. Agricultural Assistant Sr. Agricultural Assistant Agricultural Assistant Agricultural Assistant Agricultural Assistant Agricultural Assistant Agricultural & Engineering Assistant Staff: Brian Neumann Richard Hyatt Brian French Engineering Assistant Sr. Agricultural Assistant Sr. Agricultural Assistant Service Staff: Farm Operations Staff: Technical Staff: Renata Zalewski Kevin Hearne John Hogue Richard Kelly Curtis Nagle Karen Pearce Teresa Seijo Emily Vasquez Nancy West Audrey Wittman Guillermo Alverio Chris Patte Deena Combs Blythe McLaughlin Dasha Taborsky Jan Watson Tim Davis Tracy Sherwood GCREC Dover Staff: James Sumler, Jr. Kelly Burke Chang-Lin Xiau James Mertely Larry Smith Frederick Wenzel Terasa Sirmans Chemist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Lab Technician Lab Technician Lab Technician Lab Technician Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Biological Scientist Sr. Biological Scientist Farm Supervisor Senior Agricultural Assistant Agricultural Assistant 7 TOUR 1 VEGETABLE CROP IMPROVEMENT Page Topic 10 Hybrid Bush Tropical Pumpkin Evaluation 11 Cantaloupe Variety Evaluation 13 Diploid Watermelon Variety Evaluation 15 Triploid Watermelon Variety Evaluation 17 Breeding Tomatoes for Horticultural Traits 19 Advanced Tomato Inbred Trial 21 Tomato Flavor Quality 22 Crimson Tomato Hybrid Trial 23 Tomato Releases 20" Century 25 Tomato Variety Evaluations 9 HYBRID BUSH TROPICAL PUMPKIN EVALUATION D. N. MAYNARD Location: Block J, Land 5 To select hybrid bush tropical pumpkins for possible release. TP241 X TP411-1 TP241 X TP413 C42-1-9 X LaPrimera C42-1-9 X LaSegunda G38-2-15 X LaSegunda G38-2-22 X Seminole G38-2-28 X LaPrimera G38-2-28 X LaSegunda G38-2-33 X LaSegunda G38-2-33 X Soler G38-2-45 X LaPrimera G38-2-45 X Soler G38-2-47 X Seminole G38-2-53 X Soler Objective: Entries: Procedure: Beds were prepared on 26 February 1999. Fertilization included 4 lb 0-20-0/100 linear bed feet (Ibf) incorporated and 13 lb 18-0-25/100 lbf banded. Total fertilizer applied equals 203-70-283 lb N-P205-K20/acre. The beds were fumigated with methyl bromide:chloropicrin 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. The beds are on five ft centers and in-row spacing is four ft. The pumpkins were direct seeded on 24 March 1999. Each entry is grown in six plant plots in two replications. Selections will be made on the basis of fruit and vine characteristics. This project is part of a long term cooperative research effort to improve tropical pumpkin calabazaa) varieties and production practices. Cooperators include R. Bruce Carle, Central Florida Research & Education Center, Leesburg,FL and Linda Wessel-Beaver, University of Puerto Rico, Magaguez,PR. Summary: CANTALOUPE VARIETY EVALUATION D. N. MAYNARD Location: Block J, Land 6 To evaluate cantaloupe varieties for fruit yield and quality. Replicated Entries: 1. Allstar 2. Cruiser 3. Zodiac 4. Athena 5. Vienna 6. Cordele 7. SME 7122 8. SME 7124 9. SME 7126 10. Desert Queen 11. Desert Princess 12. SMX 7204 13. SMX 7119 14. Eclipse Source Harris Moran Harris Moran Harris Moran Novartis Asgrow Asgrow Sakata Sakata Sakata Sunseeds Sunseeds Sunseeds Sunseeds Petoseed Observational Entries: 15. HMX 5587 16. HMX 7604 17. HMX 7607 18. RML 5462 Harris Moran Harris Moran Harris Moran Novartis Objective: Entries: 19. RML 6969 20. RML 6971 21. RML 6976 22. RML 6977 23. Super 45 24. Carole 25. WC 10 26. WC 11 27. Dallas Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Willhite Willhite Willhite Willhite Willhite Beds were prepared on 26 February 1999. Fertilization included 4 lb 0-20-0/100 linear bed feet (Ibf) incorporated and 13 lb 18-0-25/100 lbf banded. Total fertilizer applied equals 203-70-283 lb N-P205-K20/acre. The beds were fumigated with methyl bromide:chloropicrin 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. The beds are on five ft centers and in-row spacing is two ft. The cantaloupes were direct seeded on 12 March 1999. There are ten plants per plot and four replications per replicated entry and ten plants per plot and 2 replications per observational entry. Summary: Cantaloupes are a minor crop in Florida, but there is opportunity for increased production with improved varieties better adapted to our environmental conditions. This trial is being conducted at Central Florida Research & Education Center, Leesburg; Suwanee Valley Research & Education Center, Live Oak; and North Florida Research & Education Center, Quincy in addition to GCREC, Bradenton Procedure: DIPLOID WATERMELON VARIETY EVALUATION D. N. MAYNARD Block J, Lands 7, 8, 9, 10 (ditch rows) To evaluate diploid watermelon varieties for fruit yield and quality. Entry 1. ACX 7402 2. Athens (W5025) 3. Big Stripe 4. Festival 5. Fiesta 6. Huck Finn 7. Legacy 8. Mardi Gras 9. Pifiata large 10. Pifiata small 11. Royal Star 12. RWM 8036 13. RWM 8052 14. RWM 8074 15. RWM 8077 16. RWM 8094 17. RWM 8097 18. Sangria 19. Sentinel (PS36694) 20. Starbrite ~ Location: Objective: Entries: C7 Lot Number 7103TR003283T 57272/1001 70546C-2 90413J2 CV 7028 17520-138326002 94389 CV 7038A 7010H-2 9010C1 1227 CV 7376 HV 8176 CV 8338 7025 X 7419 WV 8140 WV 8141 CV 8013A PMZ 363 003 Source Abbott & Cobb Sunseeds Willhite Willhite Novartis Harris Moran Willhite Novartis Willhite Willhite Petoseed Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Petoseed Asgrow 21. Stargazer 22. Stars-N-Stripes PMZ 390 004 WCE 2053005 23. Sultan 24. Summer Flavor #500 25. Summer Flavor #800 26. Summer Flavor #810 27. Summer Flavor #820 28. Summer Flavor #910 205911-130912003 6103TR003067T 7050TR003804T 6103TR003054T 6074TR002870T 6074TR002869T Harris Moran Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb 29. SWD 8307 30. SXW 5023 31. SXW 5038 32. WX8 116070 LODI 50381577403 LODI 50451579810 8099H-2 Procedure: Beds were prepared on 29 January 1999. Fertilization included 4 lb 0-20-0/100 linear bed feet (lbf) incorporated and 17 lb 18-0-25/100 Ibf banded. Total fertilizer applied equals 148-40-206 lb N-P205-K20/acre. The beds were fumigated with methyl bromide:chloropicrin 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. The beds are on nine ft centers and in-row spacing is three ft. The watermelons were direct-seeded on 15 February 1999 with ten plants per plot and three replications per entry. Summary: Diploid watermelon variety evaluations have been conducted at this location each spring season since 1991. The highest yields ranged from 439 cwt/acre in 1996 to 1026 cwt/acre in 1993. In spring 1998, the highest yield was 896 cwt/acre which was considerably greater than the seven-year average yield of 690 cwt/acre. Based on the 1998 and previous trials, the following Allsweet and blocky Crimson Sweet type varieties are expected to perform well in Florida: 'Athens', 'Carnival', 'Fiesta', 'Mardi Gras', 'Regency', 'Royal Flush', 'Royal Star', 'Royal Sweet', 'Sangria', 'Starbrite', 'Stars-N-Stripes' and 'Summer Flavor 500'. Other varieties may perform equally well on some farms. Asgrow Asgrow Sakata Sunseeds Sunseeds Willhite TRIPLOID WATERMELON VARIETY EVALUATION D. N. MAYNARD Block J, Lands 7, 8, 9, 10 (center rows) To evaluate triploid (seedless) watermelon varieties for fruit yield and quality. Entr 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Location: Objective: Entries: Boston Crimson Trio Constitution (W3053) DPS 4548 DPS 4571 DPS 4573 Fandango Freedom (W3022) Gem-Dandy Genesis HMX 7928 Millionaire Revolution (W4016) RWM 8073 RWM 8089 Sugar Time Summer Sweet #5244 Summer Sweet #5544 SWT 6703 SWT 8705 y Lot Number 51804/1016 CV 6575 58110/1005 1292-862660 31753-08027 58108/1011-XXXXX21 80557-J 31712-06044 207928-142468003 207924-142064003 58111/1024 HV7182 WV 8139 8LW 7074TR003942T 4074TR001437T 186220 116069 Source Sunseeds Novartis Sunseeds d. Palmer d. Palmer d. Palmer Shamrock Sunseeds Willhite Shamrock Harris Moran Harris Moran Sunseeds Novartis Novartis Sugar Creek Seed Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb Sakata Sakata 21. SXW 8705 22. Triton 23. Tri-X-313 24. Tri-X-Carousel 25. Tri-X-Palomar 26. Tri-X-Shadow 27. XWT 8706 28. XWT 8707 LODI 1033ms1579805 02163 98132 98129 98127 97-51 (7251-MASSX7261) 97-53 (7253-MASSX7263) Beds were prepared on 29 January 1999. Fertilization included 4 lb 0-20-0/100 linear bed feet (lbf) incorporated and 17 Ib 18-0-25/100 lbf banded. Total fertilizer applied equals 148-40-206 lb N-P2Os-K20/acre. The beds were fumigated with methyl bromide:chloropicrin 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. The beds are on nine ft centers and in-row spacing is three ft. The watermelons were seeded on 25 January 1999 in No. 150 Todd planter flats and field transplanted on 23 February 1999. There are ten plants per plot and three replications per entry. Diploid watermelons planted on either side of the triploids serve as pollenizers. Seedless watermelon variety trials have been conducted here since 1988. The highest yields have ranged from 507 cwt/acre in 1996 to 1161 cwt/acre in 1993. In spring 1998, the highest yield was 846 cwt/acre which was somewhat more than the 763 cwt/acre average high yield of the previous ten years. Based on results of the 1998 and previous trials, triploid hybrids, in alphabetical order, that should perform well in Florida include: 'Constitution', 'Crimson Trio', 'Freedom', 'Genesis', 'King of Hearts', 'Millionaire', 'Revere', 'Scarlet Trio', 'Summersweet 5244', 'Summersweet 5544' and 'Tri-X-313'. Other varieties may perform well on individual farms. Sunseeds Petoseed Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Sakata Sakata Procedure: Summary: BREEDING TOMATOES FOR HORTICULTURAL TRAITS J. W. SCOTT Location: Block J, Lands 13, 14, 18 (back), 20 Objective: Crop: Operation: To develop improved tomato breeding lines for the Florida tomato industry. Tomato, transplanted 24 February (J13-14), 1 March 1999 (J18,20) There are 216 breeding lines and 150 hybrids being evaluated that fall into the following groups. A) Blossom-end scar smoothness: Lines are in land J13. Breeding for smooth blossom-end scars is done by use of three different blossom-end morphology genes which cause immature fruit to have nippled blossom ends but which are smooth without nipples at maturity. Previous research indicated that hybrids between parents with different genes are smooth without the chance of undesirable nipples in ripe fruit. Thus, the genes are being incorporated by modified backcrossing into advanced parental lines. Thereafter, the lines can be intercrossed in various hybrid combinations. B) Parthenocarpy: Lines are in land J13. Plants with this trait set fruit without seed under stress environments, thus it is a characteristic used to expand the fruit setting ability of tomatoes. The trait works best under cool conditions but also has application to high temperature conditions. Emphasis is placed on obtaining large fruited types with good firmness. Progress has been slow, but work to develop a breeding line with good parthenocarpic expression and horticultural type continues. C) Extended Shelf Life: Lines are in land J13. Two strategies are being employed to obtain this characteristic. One involves use of the ripening inhibitor gene (rin). When hybrids are made between lines with this gene and normal tomatoes, the shelf life is increased allowing for shipment at harvest stages beyond mature-green. This is the type of tomato presently being grown in Mexico. The other approach is to breed for a greater level of firmness which I refer to as ultra-firmness. Ultra-firm lines tend to have bland flavor, but not the undesirable aftertaste of rin hybrids. Improved flavor with ultra-firmness is a goal of this work. D) Ground Tomatoes: Lines are in land J13 and J14. These are also referred to as compact growth habit (CGH) tomatoes. In this project, a gene called brachytic that increases side branching and genes causing prostrate growth are being incorporated into Florida adapted breeding lines. The goal is to develop varieties that do not require staking that will not outgrowthe plastic on the bed. Emphasis is being placed on developing jointless varieties with concentrated fruit set that could be mechanically harvested. Thus, this is a project to reduce production costs as an alternative for Florida tomato growers. E) Heat-tolerance: Lines are in land J14. Heat-tolerant lines are selected in the summer but assayed in the spring to evaluate the overall adaptability of the lines. Growth in the spring gives a better indication of blossom scar smoothness, fruit size potential, and to verify ability to set fruit in cold weather. This is a large breeding project. F) Ornamental Tomato Breeding: Cooperator is Brent Harbaugh. Plants are in land J20. Present miniature-dwarf lines were derived from crosses of red and gold fruited mini-dwarfs with a high sugar line. Selections are for good horticultural type and sweet flavor. Lines are also being grown in pots in a greenhouse to assess their performance. Release of red fruited and possibly a gold fruited variety with sweet- balanced flavor is presently underway. G) Hybrid evaluation is in J18 and J20. Many hybrids are being advanced to the F2 generation as part of modified backcrossing programs or to recombine desirable traits for new parents. Some F,'s are being evaluated as possible finished varieties for release, or to assess combining ability of parents being considered for breeding line release. ADVANCED TOMATO INBRED TRIAL J. W. SCOTT Location: Block J, Land 18 To compare "elite" breeding lines for possible release to the seed industry. Tomato, transplanted 25 February 1999. Operation: Field # A. Heat Tolerant 99E201S 99E202S 99E203S 99E204S 99E205S 99E206S 99E207S 99E208S 99E209S 99E210S 99E211S B. Jointless 99E212S 99E213S 99E214S 99E215S 99E216S 99E217S 99E218S C. Large Fruited 99E219S 99E220S 99E221S 99E222S 99E223S 99E224S 99E225S 99E226S 99E227S Pedigree 7830 7906 7907 7908 7909 7825C 7910 7835 7839 7722 7324 7911 7912 7833 7913 7771 7775 Sanibel 7721 7776 7834 7777 7781 NC 84173 7060 Equinox Fla. 47 Comments n-4 og n-4 BST3 BST13 BST13 og, n-4 HT Control og, n-2 og, n-2 og og heat-tolerant FCR R j2 Control n-2 n-2 I3R n-2 FCR R Objective: Crop: zn = nipple blossom genes; BS = bacterial spot; Tl, T13 = resistant to race 3 or races 1 & 3, respectively; og = crimson; FCR = Fusarium crown rot resistant; I3R = Fusarium wilt race 3 resistant. Planting is a randomized complete block design with three blocks and ten plants per plot. Spacing is 18" with no pruning. Each plot will be evaluated visually and those with promise will be harvested three times at the breaker stage at weekly intervals. Firmness and color will also be evaluated on samples of fruit in the laboratory. Summary: Release procedures are underway for Fla. 7771, Fla. 7775, and Fla. 7781. Procedure: TOMATO FLAVOR QUALITY J. W. SCOTT, E. A. BALDWIN', R. L. SHEWFELT2, AND H. J. KLEE3 Location: Block J, Land 19 Objective: To evaluate Florida tomato varieties and some experimental genotypes for flavor as determined by a taste panel and chemical analysis. Tomato, transplanted 25 February 1999. Field # 99E301S 99E302S 99E303S 99E304S 99E305S 99E306S 99E307S 99E308S 99E309S 99E310S 99E311S 99E312S Pedigree Solar Set Equinox Fla. 47 Agriset 761 Sunbeam Solimar Sanibel Fla. 7859 Fla. 7860 Fla. 7862 Fla. 7914 Fla. 7919 Comments og og og rin/+, og Fruity F4 Design is a randomized complete block with three blocks and eight plants per plot. Table ripe fruit will be tested for each genotype by experienced taste panels. Fruit samples will also be analyzed for glucose, fructose, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and 17 aromatic volatiles. Data will be analyzed by stepwise regression to determine the predominant chemicals involved in perceived flavors. In addition, 45 lines are being grown in single plant plots. These have been selected over the last two seasons for strong expression of flavor notes deemed important to tomato flavor. If detected again, these lines will be analyzed for fruit chemistry to determine the basis for these flavor notes. True breeding lines will be used to train trained taste panels in future work. This is part of a project to determine the chemistry of flavor in tomato. This particular experiment will provide scientific data as to the relative flavor of presently grown varieties, a topic often subject only to opinion and bias. 'USDA, Winter Haven, FL. 2University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 3Horticultural Science Department, Gainesville, FL. Crop: Operation: Procedure: Summary: Comments I I CRIMSON TOMATO HYBRID TRIAL J. W. SCOTT Location: Block J, Land 19 Objective: To compare new crimson hybrids to control hybrids and thus assess release potential. Crop: Tomato, transplanted 25 February 1999. Operation: Field # Pedigree Comments 99E251S Fla. 7859R/R Orig. RXR 99E252S Fla. 7859R/S New SXR 99E253S Fla. 7914 rin/+, og 99E254S Fla. 7915 rin/+, og 99E255S Fla. 7860 99E256S Fla. 7861 99E257S Fla. 7862 99E258S Fla. 7916 j2 99E259S Fla. 7882 99E260S Fla. 7917 99E261S Fla. 7918 99E262S Fla. 7880 99E263S Equinox 99E264S Fla. 47 99E265S Sanibel ZRxR both parents resistant to Fusarium wilt race 3, SxR one parent resistant to Fusarium wilt race 3. Procedure: Planting is in a randomized complete block design with three blocks and eight plants per plot. Each plot will be evaluated and hybrids with promise will be harvested at the breaker stage, three times at weekly intervals. Samples will also be taken to the lab for firmness and color evaluations. Summary: Crimson varieties have a gene (og) that increases lycopene by about 50% while 3- carotene is decreased by about 50%. Since recent medical literature indicates lycopene is a potent antioxidant that helps lower the risk of cancers, crimson varieties may have great potential. Crimson varieties also have a deep red interior color which is another advantage. TOMATO RELEASES 20"T CENTURY J. W. SCOTT Location: Block J, Land 18 Objective: To observe varieties and breeding lines released by the University ofFlorida and save seed to maintain them. Crop: Tomato, transplanted 25 February 1999 Operation: Line Release Date Marglobe 1925 Manalucie 1953 Homestead 24 1953 Manalee 1954 Indian River 1958 Manapal 1960 FloraLou 1962 FloraDel 1965 Tropi-Red 1967 Tropi-Gro 1967 Tropic 1969 Walter 1969 Florida MH-1 1971 Flora-Dade 1976 Floramerica 1977 Calypso 1977 Burgis 1981 Hayslip 1981 Florida 1B 1981 Horizon 1985 Suncoast 1985 Solar Set 1989 Equinox 1995 Neptune 1995 Fla. 7547 1995 Fla. 7481 1995 Fla. 7771 1999 Fla. 7775 1999 Fla. 7781 1999 Varieties are planted in eight plant observation plots arranged in chronological order of release. Indeterminate varieties have been pruned. Seeds of other releases; Glovel (1935), Newell (1940), Cardinal King (1940), Ruby Queen (1940), and Indian River (1958) were not available. Manasota (1949) and Manahill (1949) are being increased in a greenhouse. Many important tomato varieties have been released from the University of Florida and seed needs to be maintained. This trial should be of historical interest to those involved in the Florida tomato industry. Procedure: Summary: TOMATO VARIETY EVALUATION D. N. MAYNARD Block N, Lands 12, 13, 14 To evaluate yield and horticultural characteristics of fresh market tomato varieties and advanced breeding material. Entries, Replicated: ACX 12 ACR 8608 ASX 9110 ASX 202 Agriset 761 Equinox EX 10069 EX 10089 Solar Set Florida 47 Solimar Sunbeam BHN 399 BHN 255 Abbott & Cobb Abbott & Cobb Agrisales Agrisales Agrisales Agrisales Asgrow Asgrow Asgrow Asgrow Asgrow Asgrow BHN Research BHN Research Entries. Observational: 1. ACR 8609 2. ASX 98 Abbott & Cobb Agrisales 4. Agriset 775 5. Sunpride Location: Objective: NC96365 Leila RFT 6148 PS647095 Sanibel Floralina SBT 3665 SRT 6687 FLA. 7807 FLA. 7815 FLA. 7851 FLA. 7859 FLA. 7862 NCSU Novartis Novartis Petoseed Petoseed Petoseed Sunseeds Sunseeds UF UF UF UF UF Agrisales Asgrow 3. ASX 152 7. BHN 268 (cherry) 8. DNAP2 9. DNAP6 10. DNAP9 11. DNAP21 12. DNAP22 13. DNAP23 14. DNAP24 15. NC96348 16. NC96367 17. NC96372 18. NC96378 19. NC97597 20. NC97614 21. NC97615 22. NC98274 23. NC98126 (plum) 24. NC98127 (plum) 25. NC98128 (plum) 26. NC98130 (plum) 27. NC98401 (plum) 28. RFT 6153 29. RFT 6116 30. Carolina Gold 31. SRT 6682 Agrisales BHN Research DNAP DNAP DNAP DNAP DNAP DNAP DNAP NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU NCSU Novartis Novartis Novartis Sunseeds 6. BHN 404 (plum) 35. FLA. 7861 36. FLA. 7816 37. FLA. 7820 38. FLA. 7810 39. FLA. 7852 40. FLA. 7857 41. FLA. 7880 42. FLA. 7881 43. FLA. 7882 44. FLA. 7883 45. FLA. 7884 46. FLA. 7885 47. FLA. 7886 48. FLA. 7887 49. FLA. 7888 50. FLA. 7889 51. FLA. 7890 52. FLA. 7891 53. FLA. 7892 54. FLA. 7893 55. FLA. 7894 56. FLA. 7895 57. FLA. 7896 58. FLA. 7897 59. FLA. 7898 BHN Research UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF UF 32. FLA. 7786 33. FLA. 7791 34. FLA. 7860 63. FLA. 7902 64. FLA. 7903 UF 60. FLA. 7899 61. FLA. 7900 62. FLA. 7901 65. FLA. 7904 66. FLA. 7905 Beds were prepared on 9 February 1999. Fertilization included 4 lb 0-20-0/100 linear bed feet (Ibf) incorporated and 13 lb 18-0-25/100 lbf banded. Total fertilizer applied equals 203-70-283. The beds were fumigated with methyl bromide : chloropicrin 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. The beds are on five ft centers and in row spacing is 18 in. The tomatoes were seeded on 12 January and field transplanted on 23 February 1999. There are four replications often plants in the replicated trial and one ten plant plot in the observational trial. Fruit from plants in the replicated trial will be harvested as mature green or beyond and the fruit sized as in commercial practice for fresh market. Yields will be computed by weight for each harvest and for the entire season. Subjective evaluations of observational entries will be made for plant size, uniformity and habit, foliage cover, fruit color and shape, incidence of diseases or insect pests, and general adaptability to Florida production. Procedure: TOUR 2 VEGETABLE CROP PROTECTION Page Topic 30 Evaluation of Insecticides for Silverleaf Whitefly Control 32 Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Foliar Diseases of Tomato 33 Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Foliar Diseases of Tomato 34 Evaluation of Silverleaf Whitefly Thresholds for Irregular Ripening of Tomato 35 Comparison ofBacteriophages (UV Protected and Unprotected) Copper and Actigard Against Bacterial Spot Disease on Tomato 37 Evaluation of Insecticides for Armyworm, Leafminer, and Tomato Pinworm Control 39 Breeding Tomatoes for Disease Resistance 41 Fusarium Crown Rot and Root Rot Genetics of Tomato 42 Tomato Mottle Virus Linkage Studies 43 Tomato Mottle Virus Resistance Trial 45 Tomato Mottle Virus Transgenic Inheritance 46 Transgenic Resistance to Tomato Mottle Geminivirus 47 Evaluation of Insecticides for Pepper Weevil Control 49 Evaluation of Green and UV Reflective Mulches for Managing the Silverleaf Whitefly, Tomato Mottle Virus, and Irregular Ripening 50 Survey of Natural Enemies of the Pepper Weevil 29 EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY CONTROL D. J. Schuster Location: Block O, Lands 9 & 10 Objective: Cro:n Treatments: Evaluate new and old insecticides alone or in sequence for management of the silverleafwhitefly (SLWF) and irregular ripening (IRR). Tomato, cv Agriset; Transplanted 8 March 1999 1. Check 2. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* 3. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* then Applaud 70WP (0.5 lb/acre) then Knack 0.86EC (10 ozs/acre) then Applaud 70WP (0.5 lb/acre) then Knack 0.86EC (10 ozs/acre) 4. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* then Naturalis-L (10 ozs/acre) 5. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* then Neemix 4.5 (4 ozs/acre) + Sunspray Ultrafine Oil (0.25%)** 6. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* then Sunspray Ultrafine Oil (0.25%)** 7. Admire 2F (1.1 ozs/1000 row ft)* then Mycotrol ES (0.5 qt/acre) 8. Platinum 2SC (0.65 ozs/1000 row feet)* 9. Platinum 2SC (0.45 ozs/1000 row feet)* *Applied to soil March 11. **Amount of product based upon v/v. Operation: Plots consist of three 14 plant rows 21 ft long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments will begin when a threshold of 5 SLWF nymphs/10 leaflets is reached. Naturalis-L, Neemix, Sunspray and Mycotrol will be applied weekly thereafter whereas Applaud and Knack will be applied when the threshold is once again reached. Sprays will be applied on a per acre basis at 200 psi with a self-propelled high clearance sprayer delivering 60-120 gpa (increases as plants grow). The numbers of sessile nymphs and pupae of the SLWF will be counted weekly. All plants in each plot are being inspected weekly for symptoms of ToMoV, a geminivirus transmitted by the SLWF. The plastic soil mulch is being marked with paint for those showing definite symptoms. Pink and red ripe fruit will be harvested weekly and each will be rated 1-5 for external symptoms of IRR. Summary: Admire is a systemic insecticide applied to the soil at transplanting to give six to eight weeks of control of the SLWF. Applaud, Knack, Naturalis-L, Neemix, Sunspray Ultrafine Oil and Mycotrol are being evaluated for the potential to provide SLWF control as the Admire wears off. Naturalis-L and Mycotrol are biological products containing the fungus Beauvaria bassiana, which is pathogenic to certain insects. Platinum is a new systemic insecticide that is being compared to Admire for residual control of the SLWF. EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF TOMATO R. J. MCGOVERN Location: Block O, Land 8 Crop: Tomato 'Agriset 761', transplanted 23 March 1999 Early Blight (Alternaria solani), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola), Gray Leaf Spot (Stemphylium spp.) Rate nrnrrnt)/1 On oal Color Code 1. Nontreated control 2. BASF 500F 3. BASF 500F 4. EXF-A 5. EXF-A 6. BASF-500F + EXF-A 7. BASF-500F + Bravo Ultrex 8. Bravo Ultrex Rotated weekly with BASF-500 9. Bravo Ultrex Rotated weekly with Quadris 0.05 gal 0.07 gal 0.14 lb 0.21 lb 0.03 gal + 0.18 lb 0.05 gal + 1.4 lb 1.4 lb + 0.05 gal 1.4 lb + 0.05 gal Blue Orange/White Black/White Yellow White Black Blue Dot Red Orange 'Treatments initiated 15 April 1999. Fungicides were sprayed on a weekly to biweekly schedule using a tractor-drawn, single row hydraulic sprayer. Disease severity will be measured during and at the completion of the experiment. Marketable yield data based on two to three harvests will be obtained. Summary: The new strobilurin fungicide BASF-500F is of interest because of its potential broad spectrum fungicidal activity. EXF-A is an as yet uncharacterized experimental compound. Disease(s): Procedure: eLYmI___ pJ'^" g1 VVAWA ^VVr Treatment' EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF TOMATO R.J. MCGOVERN Location: Block O, Land 6 Crop: Tomato 'Florida 47', transplanted 3 March 1999 Disease(s): Early Blight (Alternaria solani), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola), Gray Leaf Spot (Stemphylium spp.) Rate Procedure: Treatment' (product)/100 gal Color Code 1. Nontreated control Blue 2. Bravo Ultrex* 1.37 lb Orange Rotated weekly with Quadris 0.04 gal 3. Bravo Ultrex* 1.4 lb Red Rotated weekly with Quadris 0.05 gal 4. Bravo Ultrex 1.4 lb Yellow 5. Manzate 2.0 lb White 6. Quadris 0.05 gal Blue Dot 7. Armacarb 100 2.5 lb Red Dot 'Treatments initiated 1 April 1999. Fungicides were sprayed on a weekly to biweekly schedule using a tractor-drawn, single row hydraulic sprayer (*Bravo Ultrex was applied during the first 3 weeks following transplanting). Disease severity will be measured during and at the completion of the experiment. Marketable yield data based on two to three harvests will be obtained. Summary: The new strobilurin fungicide Quadris (azoxystrobin) is effective against an unusually broad spectrum of fungi ranging from Rhizoctonia to Phytophthora. Quadris significantly reduced early blight (Alternaria solani) and gray leaf spot (Stemphylium spp.) in a previous experiment conducted at GCREC. Armacarb-100 is a new potassium bicarbonate-based fungicide of interest because of its very low mammalian toxicity. EVALUATION OF SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY THRESHOLDS FOR IRREGULAR RIPENING OF TOMATO D. J. SCHUSTER Location: Block O, Lands 3 & 4 Objective: Evaluate silverleaf whitefly (SLWF) thresholds for irregular ripening (IRR) on tomato using two insect growth regulators. Tomato, cv Agriset; Transplanted 8 March 1999 Treatments: Operation: 1. Spray Knack when there are >2 nymphs or pupae/leaflet 2. Spray Knack when there are >1 nymph and pupa/leaflet 3. Spray Knack when there are >5 nymphs and pupae/10 leaflets 4. Spray Applaud when there are >2 nymphs or pupae/leaflet 5. Spray Applaud when there are >1 nymph and pupa/leaflet 6. Spray Applaud when there are >5 nymphs and pupae/10 leaflets 7. Admire 2F (0.007 oz/plant in 4 ozs water) applied March 11 to soil at transplanting Plots consist of three 20 plant rows 30 ft long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Applications of Knack 0.86EC (1 oz/acre) and Applaud 70WP (0.5 lb/acre) will be applied at 200 psi with a self-propelled high clearance sprayer delivering 60-120 gpa (increases as plants grow) when thresholds are reached. Weekly counts of sessile nymphs and pupae of the SLWF are being made on terminal leaflets. Red ripe fruit will be harvested weekly and will be rated 1-5 for external symptoms of IRR and 1-5 for internal symptoms. Summary: Previous field research has indicated a positive linear relationship between the number of SLWF nymphs and pupae and external symptoms of IRR. In previous experiment, the application of insect growth regulators applied at thresholds of 5-10 nymphs/leaflet have resulted in fewer immature lifestages of the SLWF and amounts of IRR equal to that in Admire treated plots. Crop: COMPARISON OF BACTERIOPHAGES (UV PROTECTED AND UNPROTECTED), COPPER, AND ACTIGARD AGAINST BACTERIAL SPOT DISEASE ON TOMATO J.E. FLAHERTY, J.B. JONES, B.K. HARBAUGH, R.O. KELLY, AND L.E. JACKSON Location: Block N, Lands 7-8 Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of Agriphage, Agriphage+UV protectant, Actigard, and Copper/Manzate for control of the bacterial spot pathogen,Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on field-grown tomatoes. Crop: Treatments: Tomato, cv. Sunbeam; transplanted 9 March 1999. Rate (eal or lb./A) Freauencv of avvlication 1) None 2) Agriphage' 3) Copper / Manzate4 4) Actigard2 5) Agriphage' +UV protectant 'Agriphi, Inc., Logan, UT 2Novartis (not commercially available) 3Kocide 101, Griffin, Corp. 4Manzate 200DF, Dupont Procedure: 0.5 gal. 1.8 lb. 0.9 lb 0.03 lb. 0.5 gal. 2.1 lb. 2X/week 1X/week IX/week 2X/week Treatments were applied to tomato transplants beginning at the seedling stage contained in Speedling flats. The center plants were inoculated with a combination of four strains which included tomato races 1 (T1) and 3 (T3) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, the bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial spot disease on tomato. Transplants were set into the field in 30-plant plots three weeks after treatment initiation. Each treatment consisted of four replications arranged in a randomized complete block. Bacteriophage treatments were applied twice weekly in both the greenhouse and field. Actigard was applied weekly for only six total applications followed by weekly copper sprays. The copper/manzate treatment was applied weekly in both greenhouse and field. The seedlings were rated for bacterial spot prior to transplanting to the field, and plants in the field will be rated for overall vigor and disease incidence. Fruit will be harvested, weighed and graded according to size. \O I 1 I 11 In the past three field seasons, application ofbacteriophages resulted in significantly reduced incidences of bacterial spot disease in experiments conducted at GCREC. In Fall 98, application of bacteriophages also increased substantially fruit harvest weight (>20%) when compared to the copper treatment. In an attempt to improve the stability of the bacteriophage in the field, a protective compound was added to the phage solution that may extend the life of the phages on the plant surface, thus decreasing the need for frequent applications. Summary: EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR ARMYWORM, LEAFMINER AND TOMATO PINWORM CONTROL D. J. SCHUSTER Location: Block N, Land 11 Objective: Evaluate new and old insecticides for management of armyworms, leafininers and tomato pinworms on tomato. Crop: Tomato, cv Agriset; Transplanted 4 March 1999 Treatments: Operation: 1. Decis 0.2EC (17.0 ozs/acre) 2. Decis 0.2EC (13.4 ozs/acre) 3. Decis 0.2EC (10.4 ozs/acre) 4. Dibrom 8EC (1 pt/acre) 5. Dibrom 8EC (1.5 pts/acre) 6. Neemix 4.5% (4 ozs/acre)* + Dipel 2X (1 lb/acre) + Xentari (1 lb/acre) 7. Proclaim 5SG (0.2 lb/acre) + Dyne-Amic (0.25%)** 8. S-1812 4EC (6.4 ozs/acre) 9. S-1812 4EC (4.8 ozs/acre 10. S-1812 35WP (0.4 lbs/acre 11. S-1812 4EC (3.2 ozs/acre 12. S-1812 4EC (2.4 ozs/acre + Warrior 1EC (3.8 ozs/acre) 13. SpinTor 2SC (5.7 ozs/acre) 14. Warrior 1EC (3.8 ozs/acre) 15. Check *Bacillus thuringiensis combined with Neemix but Dipel 2X and Xentari rotated weekly **Amount of product on a v/v basis Plots are single rows 18 ft long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments are being applied weekly per acre at 60 psi with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer delivering 60 to 120 gpa (increases as plants grow). If appropriate, at least one tomato pinworm and one leafniner timed count will be completed. When thrips are present, 10 flowers will be collected from each plot and the numbers of adults and larval thrips present will be counted. At least one harvest will be completed and all fruit not damaged and those damaged by armyworm larvae, tomato pinworm larvae, stink bugs and thrips will be counted and weighed. Summary: Decis, Proclaim, SpinTor and Warrior have demonstrated good efficacy against armyworm larvae while Proclaim and SpinTor also have controlled the tomato pinworm. Dibrom was effective against leafminers but its present effectiveness is not known. Neemix applied alone has provided some control of armyworm larvae. BREEDING TOMATOES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE J. W. SCOTT Location: Block J, Lands 14-16, Block B, Lands 4-6, 11-14 Objective: To develop breeding lines and varieties resistant to pathogens which are of concern to the Florida tomato industry. Crop: Tomato, transplanted 24 February, B block on 11 March 1999 Operations: There are 324 lines in groups A-E, 226 lines in group F. There are also 28 hybrids associated with F. A) Spotted Wilt: F2 breeding lines are in J14. Molecular (SCAR) markers were used to select plants with homozygous or heterozygous resistance which were transplanted in the field. These F2's have had three crosses to advanced inbreds. Resistance (Sw- 5 gene) came from the South African variety 'Stevens'. B) Bacterial Spot Resistance: Cooperator is J. B. Jones. Lines are in J14 and 15. It has been difficult to evaluate lines with race 1 resistance due to the prevalence ofrace 3 for the past seven years. Many lines are screened for hypersensitivity in a growth chamber and for horticultural type in the field. Inbreds with resistance to races Tl and T3 are being evaluated, and hybrids heterozygous for resistance to these races are being evaluated for the first time. Broad spectrum resistance from PI 114490 is being incorporated into improved inbreds as well. C) Bacterial Wilt Resistance: Cooperator is J. B. Jones. Lines are in J16. This disease causes major losses in many humid tropical regions around the world and in north Florida. It has been difficult to obtain breeding lines with resistance equal to that of the accessions used as sources of resistance. Tolerant lines have been intercrossed in attempts to attain improved levels ofresistance. This includes crosses with Hawaii 7997 our major source of resistance. This has been a very difficult disease to work with. D) Fusarium Wilt Race 3 Resistance: These lines are in J16. This resistance is also being incorporated into advanced lines in many projects. Problems with this disease are increasing around Florida and elsewhere. E) Fusarium Crown Rot Resistance: These lines are in lands J16 and J17. This disease has been a problem primarily in southwest Florida as well as several areas around the world. Jointed (Fla. 7781) and jointless (Fla. 7775) inbreds are being tested in the Advanced Inbred trial and release procedures are underway. A group of inbreds with resistance from L. pennellii accession LA 1277 are also being evaluated, many have had four crosses to tomato lines. F) Tomato Mottle Virus Resistance: Cooperators on this project are Dave Schuster and Jane Polston. Breeding lines are in lands B3-5, 11-15. Resistance has been introgressed from four accessions of the wild species L. chilense. Plants at the two- leaf stage were placed in greenhouses with viruliferous silverleafwhiteflies for three weeks and then were transplanted to the field where whiteflies were allowed to thrive for four more weeks. Plants are rated for virus symptoms two times during the year and selections of the best resistant plants will be made. Most lines now have resistance derived from LA 1932, LA 1938, or LA 2779. FUSARIUM CROWN AND ROOT ROT GENETICS OF TOMATO J. W. SCOTT AND J. P. JONES Location: Block J, Land 17 Objective: To determine genetic control of resistance to Fusarium crown rot derived from L. pennellii accession LA 1277. Crop: Tomato, transplanted 1 March 1999 Operation: Field # Generation Abbreviated Pedigree Comment LA 1277 BC3 F3 7547 x LA 1277 BC3 F3 LA 1277 BC3 F3 x 7547 LA 1277 BC3F3 x F1 7547 x Fi (7547 x LA 1277 BC3F3)-Bk Ohio 89-1 Fla. 7547 Fla. 7775 7775 x 7832 7832 x 7775 7775 x LA 1277 BC3F3 (7775 x LA 1277 BC,F,)-Bk Resistant Parent Reciprocal F, Frl resistance gene Susceptible parent Frl resistance gene Frl/+ hybrid Frl/+ reciprocal hybrid Complementation F1 Complementation F, Before bedding, land was treated with sulfur (500 lb/A/pH unit) to obtain pH of 5- 5.5. Inoculum was grown in vermiculite treated with a nutrient solution. Holes were punched three days before transplanting and 3 oz. of inoculum was placed in each hole. Planting is in a randomized complete block design with five blocks. There is one ten plant plot/block for #'s E401-403, E407 and E412; one 20 plant plot/block for E404 and E405, two 20 plant plots/block for E406; and four 20 plant plots per block for E413. Data will be taken on a regular basis once disease symptoms commence. For the last rating, disease severity will be noted. The experiment is designed to determine the inheritance of resistance from LA 1277 and to discern whether it is different from the existing Frl gene. Difficulties with seedling screening experiments has led to this field test. 99E401S 99E402S 99E403S 99E404S 99E405S 99E406S 99E407S 99E408S 99E409S 99E410S 99E411S 99E412S 99E413S P, F, RF1 BCP1 BCP2 F2 P2 P3 P3F, P3RF1 F,(P, xP3) F,(P, xP,) Procedure: Summary: Comment TOMATO MOTTLE VIRUS LINKAGE STUDIES J. W. SCOTT, P. D. GRIFFITHS, AND J. E. FLAHERTY Location: Block B, Land 15 Objective: Crop: Operation: To determine linkage distances between molecular (RAPD) markers and ToMoV resistance. Tomato, transplanted 1 March 1999 Field # Abbrev. Pedigree Comment E541F-BK E431-4 x 767-7 R from LA 2779 x LA 1932 E543F-BK 434-6 x 767-7 R from LA 2779 x LA 1932 981154-SBk 7771 x 974345-8 S x R, R from LA 1932, LA 1938 981156-BK 7775 x 974345-8 S x R, R from LA 1932, LA 1938 E526F-Bk 7324 x 434-6 S x R, R from LA 2779 Procedure: Seedlings of these F2 lines at two weeks past cotyledon stage were inoculated with viruliferous whiteflies for 21 days. Whiteflies were allowed to reproduce in field for another 29 days. The 100 plants per F2 line will be rated for ToMoV severity several times during the season. DNA was extracted from each plant and scored for RAPD markers previously identified as linked to resistance genes. These data should give more precise linkage distances. The LA 2779 derived line (E431-4) also has tomato mosaic virus (TMV) resistance and the E541F-BK F2 has been screened in a greenhouse for TMV. Summary: TMV resistant lines have a yellow mosaic symptom when inoculated with ToMoV. The E431 and E434 lines had good ToMoV resistance with and without TMV resistance. We are attempting to understand the role of TMV resistance in conjunction with ToMoV resistance genes on ToMoV resistance reactions. This is a novel relationship and important to breeding strategies if breeders are dealing with both TMV and ToMoV resistance. Otherwise, the LA 1932 plus LA 1938 lines had segregated healthy plants last fall after ToMoV inoculation. These had no wild species characteristics and we want to find RAPD markers linked to ToMoV resistance. These markers could be used in marker assisted selection in the future which would greatly accelerate breeding progress. TOMATO MOTTLE VIRUS (ToMoV) RESISTANCE TRIAL J. W. SCOTT, D. J. SCHUSTER, AND J. E. POLSTON Location: Block B, Lands 13, 14 Objective: To compare resistance among various lines bred conventionally and via genetic engineering. Crop: Tomato, transplanted 1 March 1999 Operation: Field # A. Replicated 99E101S 99E102S 99E103S 99E104S 99E105S 99E106S 99E107S 99E108S 99E109S 99E110S 99E111S 99E112S 99E113S 99E114S 99E115S 99E116S 99E117S 99E118S B. Observational 99E121S 99E122S 99E123S 99E124S 99E125S 99E126S Source of Resistance LA 1938, LA 1932 LA 1938, LA 1932 Tyking, LA 2779 LA 1938 LA 1938, Tyking LA 1938 LA 1932 LA 1959 LA 1932 LA 2779 LA 1969, Tyking LA 1969, Tyking LA 1932, LA 1938 Trans 7613-BK Trans 7324-BK Ty 52 Tyking Solar Set Avinash #2 VL215-6-2 LA 1777-1 LA 1932 TY 34-6 TY 197-BK Comments2 F3 J2, F3 j2, F4 F3 F3 F3 F3, cleaf F4 F, F6(yellow) F7 "0" F7 "3" F, Transgenic, replicase Transgenic, replicase TYLCV resistant TYLCV resistant Susceptible control From AVRDC, Taiwan From AVRDC, Taiwan L. peruviamnn From AVRDC, Taiwan L. hirsutum From AVRDC, Taiwan L. chilense From Volcani Center, Israel From Volcani Center, Israel 99E137S TY 202-BK From Volcani Center, Israel 99E138S Solar Set Susceptible control 99E139S Fla. 767 ToMoV tolerant control zj = jointless, c leaf = potato leaf, yellow = symptom (related to TMV resistance, "0" and "3" = ratings from fall 1998, 3 > susceptibility. Procedure: Replicated trial arranged in a randomized complete block design with four blocks and ten plants per plot. There is one plot often or less plants for the observation lines. Seedlings two weeks past cotyledon stage were inoculated in a greenhouse with viruliferous whiteflies for three weeks. This trial will help to assess the best sources) of resistance. Plants will be rated for ToMoV symptoms two times during the season. Summary: In the past, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resistant lines have not had good ToMoV resistance but often ToMoV resistant lines have had good TYLCV resistance. Good ToMoV resistant lines will be screened for TYLCV by cooperators in other locations. This is important since TYLCV is likely to become the predominant geminivirus in Florida. Generally F3 lines are not entered in replicated trials and since most were not fixed for resistance it was probably not a good idea to do it this time. TOMATO MOTTLE VIRUS (ToMoV) TRANSGENIC INHERITANCE J. W. SCOTT, J. E. POLSTON, AND D. J. SCHUSTER Location: Block B, Land 9 Objective: Crop: To determine genetic control of resistance derived from breeding lines transformed with a ToMoV replicase-associated protein gene. Tomato, transplanted 12 March 1999. Operation: Field # Pedigree (T = Transgenic) Comments 99E901S T7613 99E902S T7324 99E903S Fla. 7613 Susceptible control 99E904S Fla. 7324 Susceptible control 99E905S (7060 x T7324)-BK F2 (Susc. x R) 99E906S (7324 x T7613)-BK F2 (Susc. x R) 99E907S (7324T1 x 7613T)-BK F2 (Rx R) 99E908S (7324T2 x 7613T)-BK F, (RxR) Procedure: Summary: Seedlings two weeks past cotyledon stage were inoculated with viruliferous whiteflies for 18 days. Whiteflies were allowed to reproduce in the field for 17 more days. Plants are in a randomized complete block design. There is one ten plant plot/block of E901-E904 and one 25 plant plot/block of E905-E908. Plants will be rated two times for disease severity during the season, the first when susceptible control plants are 100% infected. Past work indicated recessive control of resistance based on the susceptibility of resistant x susceptible F,'s. The present experiment should determine the number of genes involved and determine if the transformed lines carry the same resistance gene. TRANSGENIC RESISTANCE TO TOMATO MOTTLE GEMINIVIRUS J. E. POLSTON, E. HIEBERT (PLANT PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT) AND J. W. SCOTT Location: Block B, Land 9; Block 0, Land 5 Objective: Crop: Treatments: Develop high yielding tomatoes with resistance to tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) through genetic engineering Tomato FL 7613 transformed with the ToMoV Rep gene Transgenic line 11 Transgenic line 12 FL 7613 FL 7613 transformed with ToMoV Rep FL 7613 transformed with ToMoV Rep not transformed FL7613 and FL 7324 were transformed with the Rep gene of ToMoV. The Rep gene is responsible for replication of ToMoV. Use of this gene as a transgene would be expected to interfere with virus replication. Transformants (To) were transferred from tissue culture to soil and seed was collected. The next generation and every generation up to T4 were inoculated with ToMoV at the 4 to 6 leaf stage, planted in the field and maintained in conditions of continuous inoculation with ToMoV by high populations of viruliferous whitefly populations. Resistant and high yielding plants were selected from each generation. Lines 11 and 12 are selections from the same original transformed plant (To generation). These plants are T4 generation plants. Resistance is characterized as immunity in some plants and strong tolerance in others. Yields of these plants are significantly higher than that of FL 7613 and Agriset in the presence of ToMoV, and as good or slightly better than FL7613 and Agriset in the absence of ToMoV. Performance of these lines in a replicated trial in the absence of ToMoV can be seen in Land 0-5. Plants is this plot were not treated with any insecticides (including Admire) to manage whiteflies. Viruliferous whitefly populations were allowed to reach much higher levels in this plot than in commercial fields to demonstrate the strength of the resistance. This small plot demonstrates the resistance and yield potential of the transgenic resistance obtained using the ToMoV Rep gene in two lines, 11 and 12. There are two other lines (02 and 04) with similar yield and resistance to ToMoV which came from a different transgenic event than 11 and 12. These are present in this demonstration plot. Performance of these lines in a replicated trial in the absence of ToMoV can be seen in Land 0-5. Procedure: Summary: EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR PEPPER WEEVIL CONTROL D. J. SCHUSTER Location: Block B, Land 8 Objective: Crop: Treatments: Evaluate new insecticides and an insect growth regulator for management of the pepper weevil (PW) on pepper. Pepper, cv Sentry; Transplanted 4 March 1999 1. Check 2. Admire 2F (0.003 oz/plant in 4 ozs water) then Prokil Cryolite 96 (8 lbs/acre) then Vydate 2L (2 qts/acre) then Lorsban 50W (2 lbs/acre)* 3. Alert 2SC (19 ozs/acre) 4. Prokil Cryolite 96 (8 lbs/acre) 5. Prokil Cryolite 96 (8 lbs/acre) then Vydate 2L (2 qts/acre) then Actara 25WG (0.34 lb/acre)** 6. Prokil Cryolite 96 (8 lbs/acre) then Vydate 2L (8 Ibs/acre) then Actara 25WG (0.25 lb/acre)*** 7. Prokil Cryolite 96 (8 Ibs/acre) then Vydate 2L (8 lbs/acre) then Actara 25WG (0.19 lb/acre)**** 8. Dimilin 25WP (0.5 lb/acre) + Sunspray Ultrafine Oil (0.25%)***** 9. Dimilin 25WP (0.5 Ib/acre) + Sunspray Ultrafine Oil (0.25%)***** + Naturalis-L (10 ozs/acre) 10. Lorsban 50W (2 lbs/acre) 11. Naturalis-L (10 ozs/acre) 12. Vydate 2L (2 qts/acre) *Admire applied 5 March as a soil drench. Three applications of Prokil Cryolite will be followed by 6 applications of Vydate. The experiment will be finished with weekly applications of Lorsban. **Prokil Cryolite will be applied twice, followed by two applications of Vydate and then two applications of Actara. ***Prokil Cryolite will be applied twice, followed by two applications ofVydate and then three applications of Actara. ****Prokil Cryolite will be applied twice, followed by two applications of Vydate and then four applications of Actara. *****Amount of product on a v/v basis. Operation: Summary: Plots are single rows 14 ft long replicated four times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments will begin at flowering or when pepper weevil adults are observed and will be applied weekly thereafter at 60 psi with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer delivering 100 gpa. At least one harvest will be completed and all fruit with PW oviposition scars only and fruit with internal damage due to PW larval feeding will be counted and weighed. Armyworm larvae will be controlled with weekly applications of Mattch or SpinTor. Prokil Cryolite has provided very good control of the PW but has occasionally resulted in reduced yields if applied weekly season long. The efficacy ofVydate alone has declined in recent trials and the efficacy ofLorsban has been inconsistent. Actara has demonstrated some efficacy in a previous trial but will be limited to two to four applications per crop; therefore, treatment regimes including the above products are being evaluated. The insect growth regulator Dimilin and Naturalis-L, a product containing the insect pathogenic fungus Beauvaria bassiana, have demonstrated efficacy against the boll weevil, a closely related insect to the pepper weevil. EVALUATION OF GREEN AND UV-REFLECTIVE MULCHES FOR MANAGING THE SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY, TOMATO MOTILE VIRUS AND IRREGULAR RIPENING D. J. SCHUSTER & P. A. STANSLY Location: Block B, Land 8 Objective: Evaluate commercial and experimental plastic mulches for management of the silverleaf whitefly, irregular ripening and tomato mottle virus, a geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. Tomato, cv Agriset; Transplanted 16 March 1999 Treatments: Operation: Standard black plastic Aluminum on white plastic Black plastic painted 'tomato green' Plots consist of three 18 ft long replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The numbers of adults, sessile nymphs and pupae of the SLWF are being counted weekly on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. All plants in each plot are being inspected weekly for symptoms of ToMoV, a geminivirus transmitted by the SLWF. Pink and red ripe fruit will be harvested weekly and each will be rated 1-5 for external symptoms of IRR. Summary: Aluminum, UV-reflective mulches have been shown in previous experiments to result in fewer alighting SLWF adults and in delaying the incidence of tomato plants with symptoms of ToMoV. Other experiments have suggested that tomato plants growing in association with other plants, such as cover crops, also have fewer alighting SLWF adults and delayed virus incidence. Therefore, the tomato leaves were scanned and matched with green paint. The paint was applied to the standard black plastic with the hope that tomato plants growing on the plastic would be less 'apparent' to migrating SLWF adults. Crop: SURVEY OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE PEPPER WEEVIL D. J. SCHUSTER Location: Block B-east Objective: Monitor the presence and abundance of naturally occurring parasites attacking the pepper weevil (PW). Wild and cultivated pepper Operation: Summary: Flower buds and fruit of various wild and cultivated types of small-fruited peppers are being collected periodically, returned to the laboratory and observed for emergence of the PW and parasite species. Weevil and parasite specimens are being preserved and sent to taxonomic experts for identification. The only parasite that has been collected in any number is Catolaccus hunter Crawford. This is the same species that has been recovered in previous surveys in Forida, Puerto Rico and Mexico. Specimens of another parasite species in the genus Triaspis have been collected in Mexico and were brought to the quarantine facility at the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in Gainesville. The parasite attacks eggs or first instar larvae and may very useful for releasing in Florida if it can be cultured in the lab. Crop: 51 TOUR 3 VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION Page Topic 54 Effect of Reduced Water Table Levels on Water Requirements for Subirrigated Tomato Production 55 Run-off Characteristics of Row Cropped Vegetable Production on Flatwoods Soils as Affected by Bed Covering 56 Evaluation of 'Atonik' Foliar Biostimulant on Vegetables 58 Residual Effect of Compost on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Vegetables 60 Strawberry Fumigant Trial 62 Effect of Pepper Fumigant Program on Double Cropped Squash 64 Long Term Effects of Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Cropping Systems on Soilborne Pest Control 65 Reduced Rates of Methyl Bromide with Gas Impermeable Mulch Film 66 Nutsedge Control in Pepper 53 EFFECT OF REDUCED WATER TABLE LEVELS ON WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBIRRIGATED TOMATO PRODUCTION C. D. STANLEY Location: Block M Objective: To determine the impact of a reduced water table for subirrigated tomatoes on irrigation requirements and production Treatments: Procedure: A 18-inch water table (using fully-enclosed subirrigation) B 24-inch water table (using fully-enclosed subirrigation) C 18-inch water table (using conventional seepage subirrigation) Each treatment area has monitoring controls to maintain and measure irrigation inflows and water table depths. Production data will be used to evaluate if differences in irrigation treatments affect fruit yield and quality. Water application information will be used to comparatively determine differences in amounts as a result of the treatments. Summary: The development of the fully enclosed seepage (FES) irrigation system has allowed control of a stabilized water table level in the field as well as significant reduction in application amounts required compared to ditch-conveyed seepage. Since water is applied through microirrigation tubing, this systems offers a greater degree of application uniformity, increased control over application amounts, and elimination of runoff. If microirrigation tubing is installed at a depth below the tillage zone, then the same tubing can be utilized for several years. The ability to control the depth of the water table with this system allow study of the impact of lowering the water table below conventional levels, thus, reducing seasonal applications. This would also allow for more soil water storage capacity to absorb rainfall because there is more unsaturated soil volume present, thus, reducing surface runoff to some degree. RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF ROW CROPPED VEGETABLE PRODUCTION ON FLATWOODS SOILS AS AFFECTED BY BED COVERING C. D. STANLEY Location: Objective: Crop: Treatments: Procedure: Block L, Lands 10, 11 Determination of runoff characteristics for a bedded production field prepared with varying degrees of coverage ofplastic mulch and the influence initial and subsequent water table levels have on infiltration and surface runoff characteristics. Tomato, cv. Equinox Plastic mulch coverage % Initial water table position 1)44% (6 rows / land) 1) -18 inches 2) 22% (3 rows / land) 2) -24 inches 3) no plastic Thus: 6 treatment combinations replicated a minimum of 3 times (over time) The study area contains water table level observation wells to monitor changes in levels (every 15 minutes) throughout the data collection period. The target water table level is established a few days prior to the data collection period. A steady rate of 0.4 inches/hr of overhead irrigation is applied through the period to simulate rainfall. All runoff from the site is collected and measured every 15 minutes. Water is added to the site until a steady state condition (inflow/outflow) is achieved, upon which time the collection period is terminated. The relationship between runoff characteristics and the initial water table position/plastic mulch coverage will be compared for all treatment combinations to assess the impact that the treatments have on affecting runoff. Summary: The need to control and minimize surface runoff from agricultural production areas has received considerable attention in recent years. Besides the potential detrimental effects that additional quantities of water may have on downstream locations, the possible loss of applied nutrients to these locations is of concern. While some improved management practices and strategies can limit surface runoff if properly implemented, there is additional information needed to fully understand how conventional production methods may affect the runoffprocesses. If the presence of plastic mulch does cause an increase in surface runoffto occur, then investigations would be needed to determine to what degree it contributes to the problem. This project is an effort to understand the processes which are operating and, eventually, quantify the effect. EVALUATION OF 'ATONIK' FOLIAR BIOSTIMULANT ON VEGETABLES A. A. CSIZINSZKY Location: Block L, Land 2 1) Evaluate the yield response of cucumber, bell pepper and tomato to foliar applications of Atonik biostimulant. 2) Evaluate the macro and microelemental concentrations in shoots and fruits of 'Atonik' treated cucumbers, bell peppers and tomatoes. 3) Measure plant growth of 'Atonik' treated cucumber, bell pepper and tomato plants. Tomato, Bell Pepper, Cucumber, 1. Equinox 1. Brigadier 1. Dasher II 2. Florida 47 2. Valiant 2. Tropicuke Atonik (+) and water control (-). Tomato. Five-week old 'Equinox' and 'Florida 47' seedlings were planted on 16 February 1999 in single row per bed at 24-inch within-row spacing. The crop received one Ib N, one lb P205 and two lb K20/100 lbf from pre-plant dry fertilizers. The remaining amounts of N (2 lb) and K20 (4 lb/100 lbf) will be applied from a liquid 4-0-8 fertilizer injected through the irrigation tubes. Plants will be treated five times during the season with the 'Atonik' product. Plant height will be measured periodically. Shoot samples will be taken at first bloom, then at fruit set and at harvest for macro and microelemental analyses. Fruit samples for macro and microelemental analyses will be taken at harvest. Soil samples for pH, TSS and macro and microelemental analyses were taken prior to land preparation, then after transplanting and will be taken after the last harvest. Yields will be evaluated in multiple harvest. Bell Pepper. Six-week old 'Brigadier' and 'Valiant' seedlings were planted on 2 March 1999 in double rows on the mulched beds at 12 inches between- and 12 inches within-row spacing. The crop received one lb N, one lb P205 and one lb of K20/100 lbf prior to planting. The remaining amounts of N (two lb/100 lbf) and K20 (two lb/100 lbf) will be applied from a 4-0-4 analysis liquid fertilizer injected through the trickle irrigation tubes. The bell pepper plants will be treated three times with the 'Atonik' spray during the season. Plant height measurements and the collection of soil, fruit and leaf samples for analyses will be similar to those described above for tomatoes. Yields (weight and number of fruits) will be evaluated in multiple harvests and fruits will be graded according to USDA standards. Objectives: Crop: Treatment: Procedure: Cucumber. 'Dasher II' and 'Tropicuke' seeds were planted in single rows on the beds at 12-inch within-row spacing. The crop received 0.5 lb N, 1 lb P20, and 0.5 lb of K20/100 lbf from dry fertilizer sources prior to planting. The remaining amounts ofN (1.25 lb/100 lbf) and K20 (1.25 lb/100 lbf) will be applied from a 4-0-4 analysis liquid fertilizer injected through the trickle irrigation tubes. Plants will be trellised and treated four times with the 'Atonic' spray. Plant heights will be measured periodically. Soil, petiole and fruit samples will be collected for analyses as described for tomatoes. Yields will be evaluated in multiple harvests and graded according to USDA standards. In previous studies conducted at the GCREC-Bradenton, the 'Atonik' spray increased the early yields of extra-large and marketable total fruits of 'Agriset 761' tomatoes compared to water control. Bell pepper and cucumber yields in those studies were similar with 'Atonik' or water treatments. Summary: RESIDUAL EFFECT OF COMPOST ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND YIELD OF VEGETABLES A. A. CSIZINSZKY Location: Block L, Lands 6-7 1) To evaluate the residual effect of compost rates on vegetable yields. 2) To evaluate the feasibility of sequential production of vegetables with the full- bed polyethylene mulch-microirrigation system. 3) To determine the elemental concentrations in vegetable shoots and fruits grown in compost amended soil. 4) To determine elemental concentrations in the soil. Treatments: Procedure: Compost /+I A\ Pre-plant dry N Tnd AV Liquid N 0and K 1 0 + 2 5 + 3 10 + 4 15 + 5 0 + + 6 5 + + 7 10 + + 8 15 + + Cucumber, cv. Dasher II, seeds were sown in a single row on the bed at 12-inch within-row spacing on 31 March 1999. The cucumber crop was preceded by a cabbage crop (Jan-Mar. 1999) and by a tomato crop (Aug-Dec. 1998). The plastic mulch and the trickle irrigation tubes were left in place after the tomato and cabbage pre-crops. In one-half of the plots, 30% of the N and K, at 1 lb of N and 2 lb of K20/100 linear bed ft (lbf), were applied prior to planting from a dry 15-0-30 fertilizer. The remaining amounts ofN (2 lb N/100 lbf) and K (4 lb ofK20/100 lbf) were applied from a liquid 4-0-8 analysis fertilizer during the season. In the plots that did not receive pre-plant dry N and K fertilizers, only liquid fertilizer, at 2 lb of N and 4 lb of K20/100 lbf were applied for the tomato crop. The cabbage and cucumber crops received N and K from a liquid 4-0-4 analysis fertilizer. The land in 1997 received compost at 0, 5, 10 or 15 t/A then cropped with tomato (Aug-Dec. 1997), then with cabbage (Jan-Mar. 1998) and cucumber (Mar-Jun, 1998). For the present cucumber crop, soil samples from each plot were taken prior to planting and analyzed for pH, total soluble salts (TSS) and macro and microelemental concentrations. Soil samples will also be analyzed after harvesting. Nitrogen and K for the crop will be applied from a 4-0-4 analysis liquid fertilizer injected through the trickle tubes. Petiole and fruit samples will be taken from each plot at midway Objectives: through the harvest season and analyzed for macro and microelement concentrations. Yields will be evaluated in multiple harvests. Summary: Tomato yields in fall 1998 (i.e. one year after compost application) were best in the plots that received 10 t/A compost and pre-plant dry + liquid fertilizers. Cabbage yields in winter-spring 1999 increased with increasing compost rates. High concentrations ofP, Mg, Al, Fe and Mn were detected in the soil samples from plots that received 15 t/A compost. STRAWBERRY FUMIGANT TRIAL J. P. GILREATH, J. W. NOLING & S. J. LOCASCIO Location: Block C, Land 25 Objective: Evaluate alternatives to methyl bromide for use in strawberry production with bare root and plug plants. Crop: Strawberry, cv. Chandler. Transplanted 21 October 1998 Treatments: Fumigant 1 through 9 = bare root plants 11 through 19 = plug plants --------------Bare root plants--------------- 1. Nontreated 2. Methyl bromide (67/33) 3. Chloropicrin Devrinol 4. Telone C-35 Devrinol 5. Vapam Devrinol 6. Vapam Telone II Devrinol 7. Solarization (3 mil IR) 8. TeloneC-35 Solarization 9. Vapam Telone II Solarization 10. Nontreated 11. Methyl bromide (67/33) 12. Chloropicrin Devrinol 13. Telone C-35 Devrinol 14. Vapam Devrinol 0 350 lb 300 lb 4 lb.a.i. 35 gal 4 lb.a.i. 150 gal 4 lb.a.i. 150 gal 12 gal 4 lb.a.i. n/a 35 gal 150 gal 12 gal n/a chisel chisel ppi chisel ppi ppi ppi ppi chisel ppi (paint black later) chisel (Paint black later) ppi chisel (Paint black later) --------------------Plug plants-------------- --- 0 n/a 350 lb chisel 300 lb 4 lb.a.i. 35 gal 4 lb.a.i. 150 gal 4 lb.a.i. chisel ppi chisel ppi ppi ppi R ate/acre Methodofa location 15. Vapam Telone II Devrinol 16. Solarization (3 mil IR) 17. Telone C-35 Solarization 18. Vapam Telone II Solarization Procedure: Summary: 150 gal 12 gal 4 lb.a.i. n/a 35 gal 150 gal 12 gal ppi chisel ppi chisel ppi chisel Devrinol was sprayed on the bed surface, incorporated with a rototiller, then the beds were reshaped on 18 August 1998 for those treatments which included Devrinol. Fumigants were applied the same day. Clear plastic (IR retentive film) was laid at that time for solarization treatments and black low density polyethylene film was used for all other treatments. Bare root plants were transplanted on 21 October 1998 and plug plants were planted 23 October. Overhead sprinklers were used to establish plants then the crop was grown with drip irrigation. Data being collected include weed control in the bed, sting nematode assays and strawberry yield. Plants were well established after 2 weeks. Growth ofplug plants lagged behind bare root plants until after Christmas, then caught up. Soil solarization provided poor weed control and plants have not grown as well unless a fumigant was included. Plug plants were slower coming into production than bare root plants. The experiment is still in progress. EFFECT OF PEPPER FUMIGANT PROGRAMS ON DOUBLE CROPPED SQUASH J. P. GILREATH AND J. W. NOLING Location: Block C, Land 22 Objective: Crop: Treatments: Determine the residual effects of methyl bromide alternatives in pepper on weed control, nematodes and squash production when double cropped following fall pepper. Squash, cv. Goldie, seeded 11 March 1999 No. Fumigant (Main olot) Rate/A Devrinol (Lb.a.i./A) None Methyl Bromide (67/33) Vapam + Telone C-17 + Vapam + Solarization Telone C-17 + Solarization None Methyl Bromide (67/33) Vapam + Telone C-17 + Vapam + Solarization Telone C-17 + Solarization 0.0 350 lb 75 gal 35 gal 75 gal 35 gal 0.0 350 lb 75 gal 35 gal 75 gal 35 gal Fumigants and Devrinol were applied on 13 and 14 August 1998. Soil solarization was initiated at the same time and continued for 6 weeks. Clear plastic was painted with white latex paint (Kool Grow). Peppers were transplanted and grown then sprayed with Diquat to kill them and any weeds in the beds and row middles in January 1999. Squash was seeded into the beds and grown, harvesting as needed. Weed control and root knot nematode control will be assessed as needed and squash yield will be determined to assess the residual effectiveness of the treatments on double cropped squash. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) Procedure: ,-------,-I Summary: Pepper yields were not greatly affected by treatment. Soil solarization was not very effective in this study, unless combined with a fumigant. Devrinol provided good weed control for the fall pepper crop but weeds became a problem during the fallow period in the winter. The squash crop will be harvested and data collected as appropriate. LONG TERM EFFECTS OF METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES AND CROPPING SYSTEMS ON SOILBORNE PEST CONTROL J. P. GILREATH, J. W. NOLING, D. O. CHELLEMI & S. J. LOCASCIO Location: Block C, Lands 8, 9, 11-14, 26, 27, 29-32 Objective: Crop: Treatments: To determine the effects of successive seasons of alternatives to methyl bromide on soilborne pest control, including weeds, diseases and nematodes, when used on fall tomatoes followed in the spring by 1) double crop production of cucumber, 2) cover crop production of millet, or 3) weed fallow. Cucumber, cv. Competitor, seeded 18 February 1999 Fall application Alternative 1. Nontreated 2. Methyl bromide 67/33 3. Telone C-17 + Tillam 4. Solarization + SoilGuard Rate / acre 0 350 Ibs. 35 gal. 4 lb.a.i. 8 weeks, clear mulch drench Soil was solarized during the summer of 1998 by covering beds with clear polyethylene film for 8 weeks after which period the film was painted white with latex paint. The other treatments were applied 10 days after the solarization was begun to assure that any salt damage potential from having the fertilizer bands in place for so long would be equal across treatments. Tillam was applied broadcast before bed formation and was incorporated with a field cultivator (s tine harrow with crumbler bars). Telone C-17 and methyl bromide were injected into the beds through three chisels, then beds were covered with white on black mulch film. Nutsedge which emerged through the mulch film in the nontreated control was sprayed with paraquat to bum it back prior to transplanting fall tomatoes. Tomatoes were grown and harvested, then the plants were killed with paraquat and the field left idle until cucumbers were seeded in the beds in the spring as a double crop to assess the residual effects of the fall treatments on soilborne pests and crop production. Soil solarization performed poorly in this experiment. Control of all the soilborne pests was very poor and yields of tomatoes were similar to the no fumigant treatment. Soilborne pest control and tomato fruit production were similar with methyl bromide and Telone C-17 + Tillam. Data are being collected this spring on the incidence of nutsedge and other soilbome pests in the cucumber crop and cucumber yields are being recorded. Procedure: Summary: REDUCED RATES OF METHYL BROMIDE WITH GAS IMPERMEABLE MULCH FILM J. P. GILREATH AND D. O. CHELLEMI Location: Block E, Land 11 Objective: Investigate the efficacy of reduced rates of methyl bromide with two virtually impermeable mulch films for control of purple nutsedge in pepper. Crop: Pepper, cv. Camelot X3R, transplanted 30 March 1999 Treatments: Procedure: Fumigant Rate/acre Mulch film A. Nontreated 0 black LDPE B. Methyl bromide 350 lbs. black LDPE (67/33) C. Methyl bromide 175 lbs. Plastopil clear D. Methyl bromide 87.5 lbs. Plastopil clear E. Methyl bromide 175 lbs. Vikase green F. Methyl bromide 87.5 lbs. Vikase green Methyl bromide was injected into the beds with three chisels per bed on 2 March 1999 and beds were covered with mulch film within 1 to 2 minutes offumigant application. The clear Plastopil and the green Vikase films were painted black with flat black latex paint using a Solo knapsack sprayer on 29 March 1999, one day prior to transplanting. Transplants were set 28 days after fumigation. The delay was due to plant availability. Nutsedge plants emerging through the mulch film and in the plant holes are being counted at intervals during the production season. Plants will be monitored for the presence of soilborne diseases. Pepper plant vigor and fruit production will be determined as appropriate. Summary: Previous work with several mulch films suggested that the Plastopil and Vikase films provided good soilborne disease control with reduced rates of methyl bromide; however, disease pressure was never high enough to critically assess the ability to improve the performance of methyl bromide when applied at reduced rates. This study is designed to investigate the impact on purple nutsedge, the most difficult to control of those weeds commonly encountered in pepper, by conducting the study in a field with a naturally high nutsedge population. Early results indicate that both impermeable films provide good nutsedge control with methyl bromide even at rates as low as 1/4 the normal use rate for nutsedge control. No damage has been observed on pepper with these films. NUTSEDGE CONTROL IN PEPPER J.P. GILREATH Location: Block E, Land 12 Objective: Crop: Treatments: Evaluate herbicides, alone and in combination, for nutsedge control in mulched pepper. Pepper, cv. Camelot X3R, transplanted 30 March 1999 Herbicide Rate (lh a i /A) Method of A nlir natinn Nontreated Devrinol 50DF Dual 8EC Dual Dual Magnum 7.62 EC Dual II Magnum 7.64EC Dual Dual Magnum Dual II Magnum Tillam 6 EC Tillam Devrinol + Dual Devrinol + Tillam Dual + Tillam Devrinol + Dual Devrinol + Tillam Dual + Tillam Devrinol + Dual + Tillam Beds were formed then herbicides were applied and rototilled into the bed (ppi) or sprayed on the soil surface (pre) on 16 March 1999. After all preplant incorporated treatments were applied the beds were reformed then the pre applications were made. Procedure: J .V> .JtW VW ..^. p pJ t tJ A Once all treatments were applied, the beds were covered with standard black low density polyethylene film mulch. Nutsedge plants emerging through the mulch and in the plant holes will be counted at intervals during the season. Pepper plant vigor will be assessed several times during the season and fruit production will be determined. Summary: Dual has shown promise for use in pepper but peppers are sensitive to the rate. Preplant incorporated applications have performed better than soil surface applications. Tillam was never labeled for use on pepper due to damage observed in some trials and it has produced injury in trials here on occasion. When the rate is reduced, there is less damage, but weed control declines, too. Devrinol performance has been erratic. Combining Devrinol with Tillam or Dual has provided mixed results. This experiment is a follow up to earlier ones to once again assess the performance of these materials and newer formulations of Dual. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF INDUSTRY SUPPORT FOR THE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAMS AT THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER Bradenton, Florida The effectiveness of the research and extension programs at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Bradenton has been greatly enhanced by the excellent support from various segments of the agribusiness industries and producers, both locally and nationally. This support, in the form of financial grants-in-aid, supplies, services, or equipment, supplements existing state funds and makes each research project at the Center far more productive than could be realized otherwise. We sincerely appreciate your participation in these research programs and are pleased to acknowledge your support. Listed below are the names of agencies, firms, or individuals who have contributed significantly to the research programs during the past two years. We trust that our records are complete and say again, "Thank you for your confidence." Abbott & Cobb, Inc. Abbott Laboratories Acadian Seaplants Limited Agdia, Inc. AgGuard, Inc. Agr Evo AgriPhi, Inc. Agrisales, Inc. Agrium, Inc. Agway, Inc. Allied Technologies, Inc. American Cyanamid American Floral Endowment American Nursery Labels American Seed Research Foundation American Sunmelon American Takii Artesian Farms Asahi Chemical Manufacturing Co. Asgrow Seed Seminis Ball Seed Ball Flora Plant Bares & Thomburg BASF, Inc. Bates Sons & Daughters Bayer Corp. Bedding Plants Foundation, Inc. Bedding Plants International Feasterville, PA North Chicago, IL Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Elkhart, IN Orlando, FL Wilmington, DE Logan, UT Plant City, FL Saskatoon, Canada Elizabethtown, PA Tampa, FL Princeton, NJ Glen Carbon, IL Port Orange, FL Washington, DC Oklahoma City, OK Salinas, CA Ruskin, FL NARA PREF., Japan Saticoy, CA West Chicago, IL West Chicago, IL Indianapolis, IN Res. Triangle Park, NC Lake Placid, FL Atlanta, GA Lansing, MI Lansing, MI Benary Seed Growers, Ltd. Ernst Benary of America, Inc. Bermuda Government Biofac, Inc. Biosys BioWorks, Inc. Bodger Seeds, Ltd. Bud Farms Bunting Biological Caladium Growers Association Capella Farms Cedar Chemical Co. Chu Farms Church & Dwight Co. Daehnfeldt, Inc. Dean for Research Office- Project Enhancement Award Deseret Farms Diehl Farms DiMare Farms Dominion BioSciences, Inc. Dorsing Seed Dover Hardware Dow Elanco Dow Elanco Dow Elanco DNA Plant Technologies, Inc. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Ecke Poinsettias Ecogen, Inc. Eden BioScience Corp. Elf Atochem North America, Inc. Elsberry Farms, Inc. Elsberry Greenhouses Express Seed Co. Ferry-Morse Seed Co. Fischer USA, Inc. Florida Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Serv. Florida Foundation Seed Producers Florida Fruit & Vegetable Assoc. Florida Nurserymen & Growers Assoc. Florida Nurserymen & Growers Assoc.- Manasota Chapter Florida Seed Co. Florida Strawberry Growers Assoc., Inc. Hannover, Munden, Germany Sycamore, IL Hamilton HM CX, Bermuda Mathis, TX Columbia, MD Geneva, NY S. El Monte, CA Parrish, FL Oxnard, CA Lake Placid, FL Pompano Beach, FL Memphis, TN Wimauma, FL Princeton, NY Albany, OR Gainesville, FL Ruskin, FL Ruskin, FL Blacksburg, VA El Centro, CA Dover, FL Winter Haven, FL Plant City, FL Midland, MI Oakland, CA Wilmington, DE Encinitas, CA Langhorne, PA Poulsbo, WA; Bethel, WA Philadelphia, PA Ruskin, FL Ruskin, FL Oberlin, OH Modesto, CA Boulder, CO Tallahassee, FL Greenwood, FL Orlando, FL Orlando, FL Sarasota, FL Lakeland, FL Plant City, FL Florida Strawberry Festival Florida Tomato Committee Florida Watermelon Assoc. FMC Corporation Four-Star Farms Gargiulo L.P. Glades Crop Care Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation Goldsmith Seed, Inc. Gowan Comp. LLC Grace-Sierra Great Lakes Chemical Corp. Griffin Corp. G. S. Grimes Hampshire Chemical Corp. Happiness Farms, Inc. Harllee Farms Harllee-Gargiulo, Inc. Harloff Farms Headstart Nursery, Inc. Heartland Fertilizer Co. Helena Chemical HMS Soil Fumigation, Inc. Hollar & Company, Inc. Horticultural Marketing Assoc. Hunsader Brothers IMC Vigoro ISK Biosciences Corp. ISK Biosciences Kennco Manufacturing, Inc. Koppert Biological Systems Laminations, Inc. Leonard Farms Manatee Fruit Co. Martinez Farms Meister Publishing Co. Monsanto Agricultural Products Co. Mycogen Myotech Natural Industries North American Film Corp. North American Flowerbulb Wholesalers North American Strawberry Growers Res. Fdn. Novartis Crop Protection Novartis Seeds, Inc. Vegetables NAFTA Plant City, FL Orlando, FL Marianna, FL New York, NY Manatee County, FL Naples, FL Jupiter, FL Harrison, NY Gilroy, CA Ridgeland, MS Milpitas, CA Sarasota, FL Valdosta, GA Concord, OH Lexington, MA Lake Placid, FL Palmetto, FL Palmetto, FL Manatee County, FL Gilroy, CA Palmetto, FL Tampa, FL Palmetto, FL Rocky Ford, CO North Kingsville, OH Bradenton, FL Winter Haven, FL Marietta, GA Ponte Vedra Beach, FL Ruskin, FL Berkel EN Rodenrijs, Netherlands Scranton, PA Sun City, FL Palmetto, FL Palmetto, FL Willoughby, OH Tangerine, FL San Diego, CA Butte, MT Houston, TX Valrico, FL Ninety Six, SC W. Paducah, KY Greensboro, NC Boise, ID Novo Nordisk Entotech, Inc. Nunhems Seed Oglevee, Ltd. Orban's Nursery D. Palmer Seed Co., Inc. Pacific Farms Pan American Seed Co. Parker Island Bulb Co., Inc. Parkesdale Farms, Inc. Pepper Research, Inc. Perfection Farms Petoseeds-Seminis Pine Island Organics Plant Farm, Inc. Plants, Inc. of Sarasota Plants of Ruskin Regal Chemical Co. Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Co. Rio Colorado Seeds, Inc. Rohm & Haas Co. Roquette Corp. Rotem-Amfert-Negev Royal Sluis, Inc.-Seminis S&G Seeds, Inc. Safe Science, Inc. Saffold Farms Sakata Seed America, Inc. Samen Mauser America, Inc. Sandland Farms Sankyo Comp. LTD Sanwa Growers, Inc. O. M. Scott & Sons Seed Growers, Ltd. Shamrock Seeds SHARE Program Sluis & Groot Soria Farms Source Technology Biologicals, Inc. Southern Agricultural Chemicals Co. Southwest FL Water Management District Spaulding Bulb Farm, Inc. Speedling, Inc. Spencer Farms Albert & Helen Stankie Stoller Enterprises Davis, CA Lewisville, IO Connelsville, PA Bradenton, FL Yuma, AZ Parrish, FL W. Chicago, IL Lake Placid, FL Plant City, FL Loxahattchee, FL Parrish, FL Saticoy, CA Pine Island, FL Sarasota, FL Sarasota, FL Ruskin, FL Alpharetta, GA New Brunswick, NJ Yuma, AZ Philadelphia, PA Gurnee, IL Ashdod, Israel Salinas, CA Downers Grove, IL Boston, MA Parrish, FL Morgan Hill, CA El Centro, CA Parrish, FL Chuo-Ku, Japan Wimauma, Fl Marysville, OH Hannover, Germany Salinas, CA Gainesville, FL Ft. Wayne, IN Apollo Beach, FL Edina, MN Rubonia, FL Brooksville, FL Sebring, FL Sun City, FL Wimauma, FL Ft. Pierce, FL Houston, TX Sugar Creek Seed, Inc. Suncoast Greenhouses Sunseeds Co. Swartz-Taylor Farms Swartz-Strano Farms Taylor & Fulton Greenhouses & Farms Taylor & Fulton Packinghouse Terra Asgrow Terra International, Inc. Todd International TOMEN AGRO, Inc. Transagricola, SA Tropicana Products, Inc. UCB Chemicals Uniroyal Chemical Co. United Agricultural Products Universal Enterprises USDA Florist & Nursery Crops Laboratory USDA-Tropical & Subtropical Agric. USDA-Horticultural Sci. Institute VJ Growers Supply Vacumet Corp. Valent USA Corp. John C. Van Diepen Vaughans Seeds Verlite Vilmorin, Inc. WA Cleary Chemical Corp. Walden-Sparkman, Inc. Walker Farms Waller Flowerseed West Coast Tomatoes, Inc. Whisenant Farms Whitmire Research Labs, Inc. Wilhite Seed Co. Yoder Brothers, Inc. Zeneca Hinton, OK Seffner, FL Morgan Hill, CA Sarasota, FL Sarasota, FL Ellenton, FL Palmetto, FL Ellenton, FL Sioux City, IA Apollo Beach, FL San Francisco, CA Navarete, Dom. Rep. Bradenton, FL Smyrna, GA Raleigh, NC Tampa, FL Sarasota, FL Washington, DC Beltsville, MD Apopka, FL Wayne, NJ Tallahassee, FL Felton, CA Downers Grove, IL Tampa, FL Empire, CA Somerset, NJ Dover, FL Parrish, FL Guadalupe, CA Palmetto, FL Parrish, FL St. Louis, MO Poolville, TX Barberton, OH Wilmington, DE Note: The information contained in this report is a summary of experimental results and should not be used as recommendations for crop production. Where trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied. Vision The vision for the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) is to increase and strengthen the knowledge base and technology for: * EXPANDING the profitability of global competitiveness and sustainability of the food, fiber and agricultural industries of Florida. * PROTECTING and SUSTAINING natural resource and environmental systems. * ENHANCING the development of human resources. * IMPROVING the quality of human life. Mission The mission of UF/IFAS is to develop knowledge in agricultural, human and natural resources and to make that knowledge accessible to sustain and enhance the quality of human life. Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Bradenton 5007 60th Street East Bradenton, FL 34203 University of Florida 0 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 0 Cooperative Extension Serviceb Christine Taylor Stephens, Dean. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Richard L. Jones, Dean for Research, publishes this information to further programs and related activities to all persons regardless of race, color, age, sex, handicap or national origin. For information about alternate formats, contact the Educational Media and Services Unit, University of Florida, PO Box 110810, Gainesville, FL 32611-0810. The information was published April 1999 as Bradenton GCREC Research Report BRA-1999-3, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. |