<%BANNER%>
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 Front Cover
 GCREC-Bradenton field plot...
 Agenda
 Table of Contents
 Introduction
 History of the Gulf Coast Research...
 List of program leaders and support...
 Map of facilities
 Key to facilities
 Summary of vegetable research...
 Vegetable crop improvement
 Vegetable crop protection
 Vegetable crop production
 Acknowledgement
 Map: location of GCREC
 Back Cover


FLAG IFAS PALMM



Vegetable field day
ALL VOLUMES CITATION SEARCH THUMBNAILS PAGE IMAGE ZOOMABLE
Full Citation
STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW
Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00054244/00010
 Material Information
Title: Vegetable field day
Series Title: Bradenton GCREC research report
Physical Description: v. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.
Language: English
Creator: University of Florida -- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Agricultural Research & Education Center (Bradenton, Fla.)
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (Bradenton, Fla.)
Publisher: University of Florida.
Place of Publication: Gainesville Fla
Creation Date: 1991
Frequency: annual
regular
 Subjects
Subjects / Keywords: Plants, Cultivated -- Field experiments -- Periodicals -- Florida   ( lcsh )
Plants, Protection of -- Research -- Periodicals -- Florida   ( lcsh )
Vegetables -- Diseases and pests -- Periodicals -- Florida   ( lcsh )
Vegetables -- Varieties -- Periodicals -- Florida   ( lcsh )
Genre: government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent)   ( marcgt )
serial   ( sobekcm )
 Notes
General Note: Description based on: 30th (1973); title from caption.
General Note: Latest issue consulted: 43rd (1999).
Funding: Florida Historical Agriculture and Rural Life
 Record Information
Source Institution: Marston Science Library, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida
Holding Location: Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and the Engineering and Industrial Experiment Station; Institute for Food and Agricultural Services (IFAS), University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 62706005
lccn - 2005229077
System ID: UF00054244:00010

Table of Contents
    Front Cover
        Front Cover
    GCREC-Bradenton field plot diagram
        Page i
    Agenda
        Page ii
    Table of Contents
        Page iii
    Introduction
        Page 1
    History of the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center
        Page 2
    List of program leaders and support staff
        Page 3
        Page 4
        Page 5
        Page 6
    Map of facilities
        Page 7
    Key to facilities
        Page 8
    Summary of vegetable research accomplishments
        Page 9
        Page 10
        Page 11
        Page 12
        Page 13
        Page 14
        Page 15
        Page 16
        Page 17
        Page 18
        Page 19
        Page 20
        Page 21
        Page 22
        Page 23
        Page 24
        Page 25
        Page 26
    Vegetable crop improvement
        Page 27
        Page 28
        Page 29
        Page 30
        Page 31
        Page 32
        Page 33
        Page 34
        Page 35
        Page 36
        Page 37
        Page 38
        Page 39
        Page 40
        Page 41
        Page 42
        Page 43
        Page 44
        Page 45
        Page 46
        Page 47
    Vegetable crop protection
        Page 48
        Page 49
        Page 50
        Page 51
        Page 52
        Page 53
        Page 54
        Page 55
        Page 56
        Page 57
        Page 58
        Page 59
        Page 60
        Page 61
        Page 62
    Vegetable crop production
        Page 63
        Page 64
        Page 65
        Page 66
        Page 67
        Page 68
        Page 69
        Page 70
        Page 71
    Acknowledgement
        Page 72
        Page 73
        Page 74
    Map: location of GCREC
        Page 75
    Back Cover
        Back Cover
Full Text
I OAD-c^
?/ -3


Bradenton GCREC Research Report BRA 1991-6


Gulf Coast Research and Education Center
Bradenton, Florida


39th


c.-:.


Vegetable


t~) ~ ?j32


D.N. Maynard, J.P Jones, W.E. Waters, Editors


Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida


Ur: s, i .t la1






GCREC-Bradenton Field Plot Diagram


Caruso Rd. 60th Street East

E









GULF COAST RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER
IFAS, University of Florida
Bradenton, Florida


39TH VEGETABLE FIELD DAY PROGRAM
Thursday, May 16, 1991


Field Day Coordinators Don N. Maynard and John Paul Jones


Moderator:

8:15 AM

8:45

9:00


9:15


Don N. Maynard, Extension Vegetable Specialist

Registration

Welcome and Introduction, W. E. Waters, Center Director

IFAS Research Overview, G. L. Zachariah, Vice President for
Agricultural Affairs

Biology and control of the sweetpotato whitefly, D. J.
Schuster, Professor


Geminiviruses
Professor


of vegetables, Jane


Polston, Assistant


COFFEE BREAK

Tours (Choice of Tour 1, 2, or 3)

LUNCH

Tours (Choice of Tour 1, 2, or 3)

Tours (Choice of Tour 1, 2, or 3)

ADJOURN

Individual Talks with Faculty


Three tours will be available:


Tourguides:


Vegetable
Vegetable
Vegetable


Crop
Crop
Crop


Improvement
Protection
Production


Karl Butts, Hillsborough County Extension
Tim Cole, Lee County Extension
Phyllis Gilreath, Manatee County Extension
Mark Kessler, Sarasota County Extension


9:45

10:00

10:30


12:00 PM


12:45

2:15

3:45


3:45-5:00











TABLE OF CONTENTS


Introduction ....................

History of GCREC Bradenton ........

List of Program Leaders ...........

USPS Employees ....................

Map of Facilities .................

Key to Facilities .................


Vegetable Research Accomplishments

Vegetable Crop Improvement ......................
Vegetable Crop Protection ..........................
Vegetable Crop Production ..........................

Tour 1: Vegetable Crop Improvement ...................

Tour 2: Vegetable Crop Protection ......................

Tour 3: Vegetable Crop Production ...................

Acknowledgement/Grantors ...........................


Paae

............. 1

............. 2

............. 3

............. 5

............. 7

............. 8
8


....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................








INTRODUCTION


On behalf of the faculty and staff, I want to welcome each of you to the
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, at Bradenton, Florida. This
Center began in 1925 as the Tomato Disease Laboratory (a one-man operation
in Palmetto), and the first ornamental programs began about 17 years
later. This Center, with the affiliated Agricultural Research and
Education Center in Dover, is a Research and Education unit of the
University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

In Bradenton, we have two grant-supported scientist positions, four state
extension specialist positions, and 20 state research scientists from
various disciplines of training who participate in all phases of vegetable
and ornamental horticulture. This interdisciplinary team approach,
combining several research disciplines and a wide range of industry and
faculty contacts, often is more productive than could be accomplished with
limited investments in independent programs.

The Center's primary mission is to develop new and expand existing
knowledge and technology, and to disseminate new scientific knowledge on
vegetable and ornamental crops in Florida, so that agriculture remains
efficient and economically sound.
The secondary mission of the Center is to assist the Cooperative Extension
Service, IFAS campus departments in which Center faculty hold appropriate
liaison appointments, and other research centers in extension, educational
training, and cooperative research programs for the benefit of Florida's
producers, students, and citizens.
Program areas of emphasis include: (1) genetics, breeding, and cultivar
development and evaluation; (2) biological, chemical, and mechanical pest
management for diseases, insects, nematodes, and weeds; (3) production,
culture, and management of environmental stress; (4) water use, quality,
management and natural resource protection; (5) post-harvest physiology,
harvesting, handling and food quality of horticultural crops; (6) leader-
ship in farm management, water management, floriculture, and vegetable
crops extension programs in southwest Florida and assistance in statewide
Florida Cooperative Extension Service programs; and (7) advancement of
fundamental knowledge of disciplines represented by faculty and directing
graduate student training and special undergraduate classes.

Information presented in this publication summarizes the active research
projects on vegetable crops. We sincerely appreciate your interest and
support of these research programs, and continuously solicit your
suggestions for improvement of research and extension programs.

.i .

Will E. Waters
Center Director








HISTORY OF THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER


The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center originated in the fall of
1925 with the construction of the Tomato Disease Laboratory.

Tomato Disease Laboratory: A 20 acre tract of Manatee County-owned
property in Palmetto was made available with the cooperation of the
Manatee Board of County Commissioners. Operational and construction money
and equipment were supplied by local growers. The primary objective of
the laboratory was to formulate a control of nailhead spot of tomato.
Later studies emphasized the breeding for resistance to Fusarium wilt and
the control of tobacco mosaic on tomatoes. In 1937, with expansion of the
vegetable industry in Manatee County and surrounding areas, the State
Legislature authorized new facilities for the research program.

Vegetable Crops Laboratory: In August, 1938, the Manatee County Commis-
sioners donated 80% of the purchase price of a 106 acre tract in east
Bradenton. The expanded facility and diversified vegetable crop research
led to the establishment of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory. Following
this relocation, horticultural, entomological, and soil studies were
initiated on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, sweet corn, and other vegetables.
Since the laboratory was located in a region where gladiolus was grown
for winter cut flowers, the scope of the laboratory was broadened in 1942
to include disease problems confronting gladiolus growers.

Gulf Coast Experiment Station: In March, 1957, the State Board of Control
elevated the status of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory to a branch station
and renamed it The Gulf Coast Experiment Station. Investigations were
begun on chemical weed control, nematodes, and other soil-borne pests.
In 1954, the ornamental program was broadened to include chrysanthemums
and other commercial cut-flowers. In 1959, a 200 acre tract was acquired
8 miles east of Bradenton along State Route 70 and the Caruso Road. All
of the vegetable experimental field programs were moved to this new
location.

In 1965, after construction of office and laboratory facilities, farm
buildings, greenhouses, and a residence, all research programs were
conducted on this new farm.

Agricultural Research & Education Center-Bradenton: In 1971, the Gulf
Coast Experiment Station was renamed Agricultural Research and Education
Center to emphasize the programs of both research and education.

Gulf Coast Research & Education Center: In 1984, to reflect the
regionality of the research and education programs at Bradenton, IFAS and
the State Board of Regents renamed the center the Gulf Coast Research and
Education Center.

Current programs are in progress on production problems associated with
vegetables and ornamentals grown on the sandy soils of Florida.

The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center has administrative and
research supervision over a satellite station, AREC-Dover (formerly the
Strawberry and Vegetable Field Laboratory). The Dover station is the hub
of strawberry research in Florida, including breeding, horticultural, and
pathological studies.









GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER
BRADENTON, FLORIDA

Program Leaders, Appointment Date, and Area of Specialization


Waters, Will E.,


Bouzar, H.


Clark, G. A.,


Csizinszky, A. A.,


Engelhard, A. W.,


Evans, M. R.,


Gilreath, J. P.,

Harbaugh, B. K.,


Howe, T. K.,


Jones, J. B.,


Jones, J. P.,


Maynard, D. N.,


Polston, J. E.


1960. Horticulturist and Center Director.
Administration, soil and plant nutrition, and
ornamental horticulture.

1990. Research Associate in Plant Pathology.
Ecology of bacterial pathogens of ornamental and
vegetable crops.

1986. Assistant Extension Water Management
Specialist. Extension education and cooperative
research on vegetable and ornamental crops.

1976. Associate Horticulturist. Production systems,
crop management and post-harvest studies on vegetable
crops.

1966. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of
diseases of ornamental crops.

1990. Assistant Extension Floriculturist. Extension
education and cooperative research for commercial
floriculture production.

1981. Associate Horticulturist. Weed control of
vegetable and ornamental crops.

1975. Ornamental Horticulturist. Production,
harvesting and marketing systems for ornamental
crops.

1979. Coordinator, Research Programs/Services.
Variety evaluations for ornamental and vegetable
crops.

1981. Associate Plant Pathologist. Ecology and
control of bacterial diseases of ornamental and
vegetable crops.

1958. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of
diseases of vegetable crops.

1985. Extension Vegetable Specialist. Extension
educational programs and cooperative research on
vegetable crops.

1991. Assistant Plant Virologist. Ecology and
control of viral diseases of vegetables and
ornamentals.









Prevatt, J. W.,


1979. Associate Extension Farm Management Economist.
Develop extension farm management education programs
in agriculture and cooperative research on production
economics of vegetable and ornamental crops.


Price, J. F.,


1978. Associate Entomologist.
biology and control of insects
ornamental and strawberry crops.


Identification,
and mites of


Schuster, D. J.,


Scott, J. W.,


Somodi, G. C.,



Stanley, C. D.,


Wilfret, G. J.,


Woltz, S. S.,


1975. Entomologist. Identification, biology
control ofinsects and mites of vegetable crops.


1981. Associate Geneticist.
development and genetics.


and


Tomato cultivar


1986. Assistant-In Plant Pathology. Ecology of
bacterial pathogens of ornamental and vegetable
crops.

1979. Associate Soil Scientist. Soil-water relations
for ornamental and vegetable crops.

1969. Geneticist. Breeding and development of new
cultivars of cut flowers and other ornamental crops.

1953. Plant Physiologist. Physiological and
nutritional disorders and diseases of vegetables and
ornamental crops.


wXcwwwwwwwwwwww Xwwww XwwmX*~w**********************.


Agricultural Research and Education Center-Dover. Florida


Albregts,


E. E.,


Chandler, C. K.,


Howard, C. M.,


1967. Soil Chemist. Center administration,
production, soil and plant nutrition of strawberry
and vegetable crops.

1987. Assistant Geneticist. Strawberry breeding and
development of new varieties of strawberry.

1967. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of
strawberry and vegetable diseases.


Emeritus Faculty Gulf Coast Research and Education Center


Burgis, D. S.,


Geraldson, C. M.,


1946. Horticulturist Emeritus. Vegetable
production, weed control and growth regulators.

1951. Soil Chemist Emeritus. Soil nutritional
problems and their relationship with cultural methods
for vegetable production.









Magie, R. 0.,


Overman, A. J.,


Spencer, E. S.,


1945. Plant Pathologist Emeritus.
control of diseases of ornamental crops
on gladiolus flower and corm diseases.


1945. Nematologist Emeritus.
of nematode incited diseases
vegetables.


Etiology and
with emphasis


Etiology and control
of ornamentals and


1944. Soil Chemist Emeritus. Administration.


Administrative and Professional Staff


Teresa K. Howe Coordinator, Research Programs/Services
VACANT Coordinator, Research Programs/Services
Frederick W. Snyder Business Manager
************************************************************************


University Support Personnel


Office Staff:


Nancy J. Kost
Tracey A. Revels
Myra A. Fawbush
Patricia W. Walker
Mary Lee Huffman
Debbie Smelser


Service Staff:


Richard J. Thomas
Charles L. Pratt
Goodlett H. Watson
VACANT

Farm Operations Staff:


Program Assistant
Word Processing Operator
Senior Fiscal Assistant
Secretary
Clerk Typist
Clerk Typist


Engineer
Maintenance Specialist
Maintenance Mechanic
Laborer


Mark S. Knowles
Shelley Scurry
Hector G. Ortiz
Nicolas Goris
Feliciano Diaz
Joyce Jones
Lula M. McPherson
Todd Test
Lamar R. Parrish
VACANT


Farm Supervisor
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant









Agricultural & Engineering Assistant Staff:


Selwyne Langaigne
Dagmar D. Taborsky
Preston L. Young
John Hogue
Jan Watson
Todd Underhill (TEMPORARY)
VACANT
Guillermo Alverio
Brian Neumann

Biological Technician Staff:


Agricultural Assistant Superv.
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Engineering Technician
Engineering Assistant


Nancy G. West
Laverne C. Barnhill
Patricia M. Jones
Richard 0. Kelly
Karen I. Pearce
Renata E. Zalewski
Curtis A. Nagle
Emily E. Vasquez
Tracy Mahoney
VACANT
VACANT
Russell W. Owens
VACANT

AREC-Dover Staff:

Annie F. Turgeau
Alicia J. Whidden
James C. Sumler, Jr.
Larry J. Smith
Frederick D. Wenzel
Michael C. Murphy
Margaret Rush


Chemist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Lab Technician
Lab Technician


Secretary
Biological Scientist
Biological Scientist
Agricultural Assistant Superv.
Senior Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant
Agricultural Assistant














763?0




U z E II 1 176 9 6 L 6
S7611 7 .


1762.1


7616 76



Gulf Coast Research & Education Center
5007 60th Street East
Bradenton, FL 34203


\14 s8
70I1 J


INSETr)








FACILITIES IN 1991 OF THE GULF COAST RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON

The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center-Bradenton has developed excellent new facilities since 1965.
Each scientist has available office, laboratory, greenhouse and field areas as well as field and
laboratory technicians to support his/her research programs. The research facilities consist of 200
acres of sandy soil located at the main Center, 47 buildings containing 30 offices, a library, 18
laboratories, 1 headhouse, 1 large research and storage service building, 18 greenhouses, 12 storage
buildings, 4 walk-in cold rooms, 2 walk-in growth rooms, 2 large saran ranges for ornamental plants, 3
maintenance shops, 4 irrigation wells, and a fleet of vehicles and tractors. The list below is a
numerical key to facilities shown on the map on the adjacent page.


State
Building Name Building #


Office and Laboratories
Residence
Farm Maintenance
Farm Operations Building
Equipment Storage Building
Pesticide Storage Building
IPM Headhouse
Pesticide Weighing Facility
Horticultural Greenhouse
Entomology/Tomato Breeding Greenhse
Plant Pathology Greenhouse
Ornamental Saran House
Bulb Handling Building
Potting Shed & Implement Shelter
Headhouse-Laboratories. Offices
Plant Production Greenhouse
Ornamental Res. Saranhouse
Ornamental Genetics Greenhouse
Ornamental Greenhouse
Chemical & Golf Cart Storaae
SDeedlina Greenhouse
Soil Sterilization Building
Air Fumtiation Greenhouse
Farm Storaae Buildino


7601
7602
7604
7605
7607
7609
7610
7611
7613
7614
7615
7616
7621
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633


KEY TO FACILITIES


State
Building #


Building Name


Graduate Student Housing
Entomomology Weed Science
Tomato Breeding Greenhouse
Plant Physiology Greenhouse
Aluminum Storage Building
Tomato Processing Shed
Irrigation Storage Bldg.
Educational Pavilion
Tomato Disease Screening Grei
Soil and Media Storage
Horticultural Greenhouse (Sat
Graduate Student Housing
Open Equipment Building
Nematologv Greenhouse
Pavilion Annex #1
Pavilion Annex #2
Horticultural Suoply Storaae
Research and Service Storage
Farm Service Building
Hazardous Chemical Storage
Vegetable Croos Greenhouse
Phvcnlnav nraenhnoea


nhnouse


tooth)


7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7653
7654
7655
7656
7A57








SUMMARY OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1988-90


PAGE VEGETABLE CROP IMPROVEMENT

10 Variety Trials Program T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters
13 Specialty Vegetable Crops D. N. Maynard
15 Tomato Breeding J. W. Scott









VARIETY TRIAL PROGRAMS


T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters


Numerous vegetable variety trials have been completed since the spring of
1989, the time of the last Vegetable Field Day held at GCREC. Evaluations
included cabbage (winter 1989-90 and 1990-91), sweet corn (spring 1989 and
1990), cucumber (fall 1989), cubanelle pepper (spring 1990), sweet bell
pepper (spring and fall 1989, spring and fall 1990), and tomato (spring
1989, spring and fall 1990). Highlights of these trials include:
favorable assessments of new heat tolerant and Fusarium race 3 resistant
tomato hybrids developed by IFAS; screening new bacterial spot resistant
bell pepper lines from various commercial companies; and evaluation of
numerous new cabbage cultivars.

Cabbage. Thirty cultivars of cabbage were included in the winter 1989-90
replicated trial. Highest yields were produced by XPH 5787 (1375
crates/A), 'Showboat' (1360), 57-340 (1321), 'Blue Boy' (1293), 'Bravo'
(1268), 'Tempo' (1259), XPH 5788 (1181) and 'Fortuna' (1176). Subjective
evaluations characterizing head shape, density, and other attributes
indicated the following were superior in density and lack of defects:
'Tempo', 'Green Cup', 'Genesis', 'Grand Prize', 'Krautman', 'Solid Blue
780', 'Blue Vantage', 'Royal Vantage' and 'Green Garden'.

Thirty cultivars and breeding lines were also examined during the winter
of 1990-91. Best yields were produced by 'Cheers' (1156 crates/A), 'Solid
Blue 780' (1152), 'Olympic' (1048) and 'Rio Verde' (992), all met or
exceeded 85% marketable harvest. Head weight ranged from 1.8 lb for
'Green Garden' (earliest in trial) to 3.5 lb for 'Cheers'.

Corn (Supersweet). In the spring of 1989, eighteen supersweet (shrunken-
2) sweet corn entries were evaluated in trial. Seasonal yields based on
ear counts ranged from 281 crates/A for 'Even Sweeter' to 467 crates/A for
'GSS 3617' and 'HMS 7348s'. Nine other entries were not significantly
different than 'GSS 3617' or 'HMS 7348s' in yield. Average ear weight
exceeded 11 oz for 'Sunset', 'NS 1217' and 'GSS 3854'. Earliest entries
were 'HMX 7348s', 'Butterfruit' and 'MSI 3161'.

In the spring of 1990, twenty-one entries were examined. Seasonal yield
based on the number of ears ranged from 189 crates/A for 'Sweet Top' to
520 crates/A for 'HMX 7348s'. Ten other entries were similar to 'HMX
7348s' in yield. Average ear weight ranged from 8.0 oz for 'MM1-22' to
11.5 oz for 'Dazzle', which had the heaviest ear weight of all. Earliest
entries with greater than 60% of seasonal yield harvested at the first
pull were: 'HMX 7348s', 'MM1-22', 'Butterfruit', '87-3567' and
'Challenger'.

Cucumber. Twenty-five cultivars and breeding lines were included in
replicated trial in the fall of 1989. Total yield ranged from 244 bu/A
to 592 bu/A, with greatest total yield for all grades essentially
equivalent for 18 of the 25 entries. Twenty entries were similar in total
yield of U.S. Fancy fruit, with yields ranging from 105 bu/A to 331 bu/A.
Eleven entries were similar in greatest total early yield. All entries









produced at least 43% of their respective seasonal yields as U.S. Fancy,
but four entries 'Dasher II', 'MS 292', 'Flora-Cuke' and 'HMX 8424'
produced at least 60% of total seasonal yields as U.S. Fancy fruit.

Pepper, Cubanelle. Six cultivars/breeding lines were evaluated at the
mature green stage during the spring of 1990. Seasonal marketable yields,
from five harvests, ranged from 938 cartons/A for 'Carousel' to 1577
cartons/A for 'Flavor Fry'. Other entries in the trial, 'Key Largo', 'NK
9145' and 'Astrione' were not significantly different than 'Flavor Fry'
in yield. The number of marketable fruit per plant ranged from 10.3 for
'Espana' to 18.9 for 'Astrione'. Pod color at the immature stage was
light yellow for 'Astrione' and 'Carousel', light lime green for 'Flavor
Fry' and 'Key Largo', lime green for 'NK 9145' and dark green for
'Espana'. Other characteristics noted were that 'Carousel' had a tapered
bell shape, 'Espana' was quite variable in shape and did produce bell
shaped fruit and 'NK 9145' had fruit which had very bumpy walls.

Pepper. Sweet Bell. Thirty-three entries in replicated trial and thirty-
seven entries in observational trial constituted the spring 1989 bell
pepper study. Seasonal yields from 4 harvests for the replicated trial
were greatest for 'Ssupersweet 860', 'Lucia', 'Verdel', 'Galaxy', 'Whopper
Improved', 'Crispy', 'Mello', 'PR-200-2-1', 'Gator Belle' and 'PSX 17885'.
Pod wall thickness was greatest for 'Whopper Improved', 'Verdel', 'PR-200-
2-1', 'Crispy' and 'PR-200-12-1'. Earliness was evident for 'PSX 17885',
'PR-200-2-1' and 'Whopper Improved'.

In the fall of 1989, seventeen cultivars or breeding lines were evaluated
in replicated trial. Damage from lepidopterous larvae (beet armyworm) was
severe and marketable yields were reduced to approximately 50% of total
harvested fruit. Total yields were greatest for 'Supersweet 860', 'PSR
10088', 'HMX 5661', 'Orobelle' and XPH 5693, while total marketable yields
were not significantly different for ten of the seventeen entries in
trial.

During the spring of 1990, 45 cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated
in replicated trial. Yields, from four harvests, ranged from 317
cartons/A for 'SPP 9102' to 1715 cartons/A for 'Zerto'. Fifteen other
entries, one third of the trial, were not significantly different than
'Zerto' in yield. The number of marketable fruit per plant exceeded 7 for
'Whopper Improved', 'Zerto' and 'Crispy'. Most entries produced blocky,
square fruit, however long-fruit entries included 'SPP 9201', 'Zerto',
'Clovis', 'Predi', 'Vidi' and 'HMX 7653'. Earliness as judged by yield
from the first harvest was evident for 'PSX 8287', 'PSX 10088' ('King
Arthur'), 'Predi', 'Clovis', 'Vidi', 'Whopper Improved', 'PSR 36886',
'Camelot', 'Mello', 'Ssupersweet 860' and 'PR 89-9'.

In the fall of 1990, twenty-two entries were examined in replicated trial
and seven in observational trial. Seasonal yields for the replicated
trial ranged from 144 cartons/A for Sunex 4507 to 786 cartons/A for PR 89-
3. All but six entries were comparable to PR 89-3 in yield. Fruit weight
for the season averaged from 4.2 oz to 5.3 oz. Earliness could not be
accurately assessed since early season bud and fruit set were reduced due
to warm temperatures damage from beet armyworms. Late season harvests









yielded more fruit than early season harvests. Bacterial leaf spot was
not present in the cropping area.

Tomato. Fresh market tomatoes evaluated in the spring of 1989 included
18 replicated (harvested) and 51 observational (not harvested) cultivars
or breeding lines. Marketable yields after three harvests ranged from
2736 to 3460 cartons/A with only 4 entries of the 18 significantly lower
than the highest yield. Good early yield was noted for 'Duke', 'Bingo',
'Regency', NVH 4459, 'Pacific', 'FTE 24', 'Solar Set', 'Bonita', IFAS 7209
and 'Shamrock 600'.

The fall 1989 tomato trial was not harvested due to plant losses from
Pythium and reduced fruit yields due to gemini virus. Only subjective
evaluations for qualitative characteristics were completed.

Eighteen replicated and 40 observational entries were studied in the
spring of 1990. Greatest yields came from IFAS 7308, 'Solar Set', XPH
5628 ('Sunbeam'), IFAS 7304, 'Regency', 'Pacific', IFAS 7307, 'Summer
Flavor 6000' and 'FTE 24'. First harvest yields were greatest for IFAS
7308, 'FTE 12', IFAS 7303, 'Regency', 'Solar Set', IFAS 7306, IFAS 7302,
'Bonita' and 'Rosario' all yielding more than 685 cartons/A.

In the fall of 1990, nineteen entries were harvested for yield data and
an additional 44 entries were in observational plots. Best seasonal
yields came from IFAS 7384, 'Agriset 761', IFAS 7385, IFAS 7264, IFAS
7306, 'Heatwave', 'Sunny', IFAS 7303, XPH 5796, IFAS 7307 and 'SR 445'.
Extra large fruit yield was greatest for IFAS 7306, which was also early
to mature and is resistant to Fusarium race 3. Two other developments,
IFAS 7384 (Fusarium race 3 resistant) and IFAS 7264 (heat tolerant) were
not significantly different than IFAS 7306 in greatest total yields at the
first harvest.









EVALUATION OF SPECIALTY VEGETABLES FOR PRODUCTION
IN WEST CENTRAL FLORIDA
D. N. Maynard

The importance of specialty vegetable crops has increased substantially
in recent years. Specialty vegetables are a diverse group that includes
those vegetables grown on small acreages (formerly called minor crops),
ethnic vegetables, gourmet vegetables, and miniature vegetables.
Production of specialty vegetables offers the opportunity of
diversification for large growers and production of high-value crops by
small growers that permit them to be competitive in the market place.

The dramatic increased popularity of specialty vegetables in the U.S. is
related to a) increased awareness of ethnic vegetables among the
population at large, and increased demand by the growing Hispanic-American
and Asian-American communities; b) increased demand for new, unusual, or
exotic vegetables by young, urban professionals; c) increased demand for
gourmet vegetables by the food-service industry; and d) an increased
awareness of the health and nutritional benefits of vegetables that
contribute diversity to the diet, are high in nutrients and fiber, and low
in calories, saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium. Since these
developments are driven by fundamental cultural, economic and demographic
forces, it can be anticipated that they will continue for some time to
come.

Initially, new crop specialty vegetables are evaluated for their
production potential in field plots at the Gulf Coast Research and
Education Center. Crops that appear to have commercial production
potential are then advanced to trials or demonstrations with cooperating
growers.

Calabaza. The production potential of a short-vine type developed by G.
W. Elmstrom, CFREC-Leesburg, was compared with 'La Primera' and 'El
Segundo'. Highest yields and fruit weight were from 'La Primera'. Yields
of 'El Segundo' and the short-vined type were similar, but 'El Segundo'
average fruit weight was greater. The short-vined type produced nearly
round fruit with thinner flesh and higher soluble solids than the named
cultivars.

Cantaloupe. Evaluations were made of 24 western-type cantaloupes in a
replicated trial in the spring of 1990. Varieties that had smooth
(sutureless), fully netted fruit, and were high yielding were 'Mission',
'Durango', 'Challenger', and 'Cruiser'.

Garlic. The feasibility of garlic production was assessed in the winter-
spring of 1989-90. 'California Early' was superior to 'California Late'
which did not produce any marketable yield, however, 'California Early'
yields were considerably lower than those reported from California. Large
planting stock cloves (5.5 g) resulted in numerically higher yields than
that from medium or small cloves,

Onion. Time of transplanting as related to the development of split and
multiple center onion bulbs has been studied for three seasons. Results
indicate that there is an extremely high incidence of split and multiple-









centered bulbs from transplantings made in September, October, and
November. These disorders decline in the December transplanted onions and
are rare in onions transplanted thereafter (with J. P. Gilreath).

Plum Tomato. Evaluations of 19 plum-type tomatoes were made in a
replicated trial in the spring of 1990. From the results of 1989 and 1990
trials, 'Earlypear', 'Milano', 'Roma VF', 'La Roma', 'La Rossa', and
'Hybrid 882' merit consideration by growers on the basis of yield, fruit
shape, and fruit weight.

Radicchio. Evaluations were made of 13 radicchio varieties in a
replicated trial in the winter of 1989-90. With currently available
varieties, radicchio is not an all together dependable crop in west
central Florida. However, growers might consider 'Adria', 'Alto',
'Ronette', 'Palla Rosa', 'Liverette', 'Medusa', 'Cesare', and 'Augusto'
for trial plantings.

Icebox Watermelons. Eleven icebox watermelon entries were evaluated in
a replicated trial in the spring of 1990. 'Mickylee', 'Southern Belle',
and 'Tiger Baby' continued to be outstanding in the gray, dark-green, and
striped rind classes.

Seedless Watermelon. Evaluations were made of 30 seedless watermelons in
a replicated trial in spring 1990. Based on yield, average fruit weight,
soluble solids, and a relatively low incidence of hollowheart and mature
seeds, 'King of Hearts', 'Scarlet Trio', 'Ssupersweet 5032', 'Ssupersweet
5344', 'Tiffany', and 'Tri X-313' had the best overall performance of the
named varieties. Several CFREC-Leesburg and commercial experimental lines
also had outstanding performance.

Summary. The commercial production potential of specialty vegetables
evaluated at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center thus far is as
shown below.

Specialty Vegetable Production Potential*

Globe artichoke 1
Calabaza 3
Cantaloupe 3
Garlic 0
Leek 3
Miniature vegetables 3
Pepino 0
Plum tomato 3
Pumpkin 3
Radicchio 2
Rhubarb 2
Shallot 0
Snowpea 3
Icebox watermelon 3
Seedless watermelon 3

*0 = no production potential at this time, 3 = excellent production
potential.









TOMATO BREEDING RESEARCH


J. W. Scott


Variety Release. 'Micro-Tom', a miniature dwarf tomato claimed the
world's smallest tomato variety was released in 1989. This ornamental and
edible tomato features not only small tomatoes less than 1" in diameter,
but also reduced canopy and leaf size. Three plants can be grown in a 5"
hanging basket or 1 plant can be grown in a 3 or 4" pot on a windowsill.
Seed is available from Royal Sluis Seed Company.

Florida Tomato Geminivirus. This work was done in cooperation with D. J.
Schuster. An array of accessions with reported virus resistances were
field screened in fall 1990 under heavy disease pressure. Several
accessions of Lvcopersicon chilense had no symptoms and may prove to be
good sources of resistance. Hybrids from 8 accession have been obtained
and further introgression is underway.


Fusarium Wilt Race 3. Fla.
promising in 1990 testing.
could be released by 1992.


7384, a hybrid with race 3 resistance looked
If testing in 1991 is also encouraging this


Blossom-end Scar Studies. This work has been done with Ph.D. student Jan
Barten and an Israeli research team at the Faculty of Agriculture in
Rehovot, Israel. The first comprehensive paper describing the inheritance
of tomato blossom-scar size has been submitted for publication. Several
other manuscripts are in preparation. Blossom scar size is highly
heritable being controlled largely by additive gene action with a smaller
dominance component. Generally breeding lines selected for smoothness in
one environment will be smooth in other environments. Short term cold
treatments induced blossom scar roughness in early developing flowers
which were 21-25 days before anthesis at the time of the cold treatment.
This work will provide a foundation for the understanding and breeding
efficiency of this trait which is the main cause of unmarketable fruit
production in Florida and elsewhere.









SUMMARY OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1988-90


PAGE VEGETABLE CROP PROTECTION

17 Weed Control J. P. Gilreath
18 Bacterial Disease Research J. B. Jones, G. C. Somodi, S. S.
Woltz, H. Bouzar, and J. P. Jones
19 Vegetable Insect Control -D. J. Schuster, J. B. Kring, J. F.
Price, J. W. Scott, and A. A. Csizinszky
21 Vegetable Disease Control S. S. Woltz, J. P. Jones, and J. W.
Scott








VEGETABLE WEED CONTROL


J. P. Gilreath

Research in vegetable crops concentrated on nightshade control in tomato
and pepper row middles and herbicidal dessication or destruction of crops.

Nightshade control. Replicated field trials were conducted on commercial
farms to evaluate pre and postemergence herbicides for nightshade control
in row middles of mulched tomato and pepper. Although numerous trials
were planned and/or initiated in the spring of 1990, germination and
emergence of nightshade was abnormally low and erratic, thereby rendering
most trials worthless. Fall trials were much more definitive because the
nightshade population was high, emergence was more uniform than in the
spring, and germination occurred early in the season allowing more time
for conducting experiments.

Seven trials were successfully completed in the spring of 1990: three
preemergence and four postemergence. One preemergence trial investigated
the possibility of improving nightshade control with metribuzin
(registered product) through multiple applications and application timing.
The second preemergence trial evaluated 32 herbicide treatments for
control of nightshade and other species in pepper row middles. These
treatments represented promising individual herbicides and herbicide
combinations. The third preemergence experiment investigated the relative
efficacy of three diphenyl ether herbicides (Blazer, Cobra, and Goal) at
four rates each. The first two postemergence trials evaluated individual
and tank mix applications of Diquat, Paraquat, and Enquik at various rates
and application volumes. The third trial determined the efficacy of
Ignite as influenced by herbicide rate and application volume. The fourth
trial investigated the response of nightshade and eclipta to individual
and tank mix applications of two rates of Diquat and five rates of Cobra.

Fall nightshade control experiments consisted of seven trials: two
preemergence and five postemergence. One of the preemergence experiments
evaluated different formulations of metribuzin and tank mixing metribuzin
or Cobra with a stabilizing polymer, whereas the other trial evaluated
four rates each of three diphenyl ethers. The first postemergence trial
evaluated Ignite at four rates and three application volumes. The second
experiment assessed the efficacy of postemergence applications of four
rates each of Blazer, Cobra, and Goal. The third trial investigated the
response of nightshade and eclipta to individual and tank mix applications
of two rates of Diquat and five rates of Cobra. The fourth postemergence
experiment evaluated the effect of Kinetic (an adjuvant) rate (4 rates)
on efficacy of Diquat and Ignite. The fifth trial was a preliminary
screening trial to determine the efficacy of Tough and Sharpshooter (a
fatty acid derivative) at three rates each.

Overall, the most promising compounds are Cobra for pre and postemergence
nightshade control and Ignite for postemergence control. Work is
continuing to provide efficacy data for registration of these two
products.









Crop dessication: Crop dessication studies were conducted with 4 rates
each of paraquat (Gramoxone Super) and Diquat on tomato, pepper, cucumber,
summer squash, acorn squash, watermelon, and cantaloupe at two locations
for each crop. Diquat generally was more effective than paraquat at any
given rate. Application of 0.375 lb. a.i./A (1.5 pint) of Diquat was at
least as effective as paraquat at 0.50 (1/3 gallon) or more Ib.a.i./A.
Information on the new Gramoxone Extra formulation is not available at
this time.

BACTERIAL DISEASE RESEARCH

J. B. Jones, J. W. Scott, G. C. Somodi, S. S. Woltz,
H. Bouzar, and J. P. Jones

Bacterial Spot of Tomato: Preconditioning of tomato seedlings in a mist
chamber for 0, 8, 16, or 24 hours prior to inoculation with the bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV) was tested to determine the
optimum treatment for seedling screening to detect resistance. Results
indicate the 16 hour preconditioning treatment most effectively
differentiated susceptible from resistant genotypes.

The chemistry of copper bactericides and their toxicity to XCV were
explored by using micro-filtered dew solutions from tomato plants sprayed
with cupric hydroxide and cupric hydroxide plus mancozeb combinations.
Mancozeb plus cupric hydroxide was most effective in reducing populations
of the pathogen.

Monoclonal antibodies were proven useful for distinguishing a high
percentage of South American and Florida strains of XCV from one another.
Strains of XCV, which are differentiated on the resistant genotype Hawaii
7998, were distinguished by differential banding using polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis and a silver staining protocol.

Bacterial Wilt of Tomato: Several inoculum concentrations, age of plants
at inoculation, and placement of inoculated susceptible plants adjacent
to or alternately with uninoculated susceptible plants or resistant
plants, were tested to determine the most effective method to use under
field conditions in southwest Florida to obtain a good screen of tomato
lines for bacterial wilt, caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. The
application of 5 ml of 108 colony forming units/ml of P. solanacearum
around the base of each plant prior to transplanting produced the best
results. Ideally, resistant plants should survive the treatment and
susceptible plants should succumb to the disease.

Fruit Blotch of Watermelon: Further studies were completed on the strains
of a bacterium isolated from watermelon fruit in the spring of 1989. It
now appears that the bacterium is closely related to, but not identical
to Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli (PPC), based on
differences in hypersensitivity (Hr) results and pathogenicity on mature
fruit. PPC was originally described in the late 1970's on watermelon
seedlings in Georgia. PPC does not produce a Hr response in tomato and
is not pathogenic on mature watermelon fruit, whereas our strain does
produce a Hr in tomato and is pathogenic on mature watermelon fruit.









VEGETABLE INSECT CONTROL


D. J. Schuster, J. B. Kring, J. F. Price, J. W. Scott,
and A. A. Csizinszky

Sweetpotato Whitefly. The sweetpotato whitefly was shown to vector a new
tomato geminivirus that occurred on tomato in the fall of 1989.

Plastic soil mulch sprayed with aluminum, yellow or orange paint resulted
in fewer alighting adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, delayed increase
in densities of whitefly immatures and delayed infection with geminivirus
1-2 weeks on tomato relative to white plastic mulch.

The number of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly collected with a hand-
held vacuum did not vary according to time of day as did the number
captured on yellow sticky traps. More adult parasites of the whitefly
were captured on yellow sticky traps than on traps of other colors. More
parasites were captured on traps placed at tops of mature tomato plants
than in the middles or bottoms of plants.

In a crop preference test, the greatest number of immatures of the
sweetpotato whitefly were observed on eggplant and the fewest on okra
although the differences from tomato were not significant. A greater
percentage of parasites of the whitefly were also observed on eggplant in
the field. In preliminary trials, the geminivirus of tomato was not found
to be transmitted to eggplant or okra by the sweetpotato whitefly.

The wild species of tomato, Lvcopersicon hirsutum and L. pennellii, were
found resistant to the sweetpotato whitefly in greenhouse and field
evaluations. Resistance appeared related to density and stickiness of
glandular trichomes on leaf surfaces.

Over 20 insecticides or insecticide combinations, including registered
and experimental products, were evaluated in field trials on tomato for
control of the sweetpotato whitefly. Pyrethroids combined with
organophosphate insecticides appeared more effective than either of the
products applied alone. Experimental insect growth regulators appeared
as effective as registered alternatives.

Four petroleum oil products were evaluated in the field on tomato for
control of the sweetpotato whitefly and geminivirus. All oils resulted
in fewer whitefly adults on foliage on some sampling dates but none
resulted in fewer immatures. Some oils delayed virus infection 1-2 weeks.

Weeds and crops were surveyed biweekly for the sweetpotato whitefly and
its hymenopterous parasites in west-central, southwest and south Florida.
Whitefly immatures were sampled on 18 weed species and 12 crop species.
Most of the sweetpotato whitefly and whitelfy parasite adults (77 and 60%,
respectively) were reared from foliage of yellow primrose willow (Ludwigia
spp.), Parthenium sp. and nightshade (Solanum sp.). The most abundant
parasite species include E. tabacivora (59%), Eretmocerous californicus
(25%) and Encarsia niqricephala (16%).









Eleven predator species were observed attacking the sweetpotato whitefly
in unsprayed tomato. Chrvsoperla rufilabris, a lacewing, readily fed upon
the immature lifestages of the whitefly in the laboratory and did not
demonstrate a preference for aphids over the whitefly.

Leafminers. Selections of Lycopersicon germplasm derived from crosses of
L. esculentum and L. hirsutum were evaluated in the field for resistance
to leafminers. Resistance intermediate to the parents was identified on
some selections with acceptable fruit set. Resistance appeared related
to density of glandular trichomes on leaf surfaces.








VEGETABLE DISEASE CONTROL


S. S. Woltz, J. P. Jones, and J. W. Scott

Fusarium Crown Rot of Tomato. A medium was developed which enabled the
consistent development of crown rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
radicis-lycopersici. With the use of this medium several environmental,
biological, and nutritional factors were discovered to materially affect
crown rot occurrence. By manipulation of these factors and the medium,
a root-dip inoculation method was developed to screen tomato cultivars and
cultigens quickly and reliably for resistance or susceptibility to crown
rot. In general, expression of crown rot in short term experiments was
strongly influenced by the cation balance in the rhizosphere. The disease
was encouraged by hydrogen, sodium, ammonium, and to a lesser degree, by
potassium, with chlorides being worse than sulfates. Calcium nitrate
reversed some of the adverse effects. The development of crown rot was
greatly inhibited by raising the soil or medium pH. However, this
inhibition could be negated within a day by reducing the soil or medium
pH. The control given by raising the medium pH was determined not to be
due to inhibition of spore germination, nor by shifts in soil microflora.
In the attempt to determine the reason for control, procedures were
developed for the bioassay of soil solution/root exudates for support of
the growth of various Fusaria without interference from other microorgan-
isms. In field experiments, high soil pH and calcium hydroxide drenches
increased plant and fruit weights and decreased the occurrence and
severity of crown rot. Fumigation with a broad-spectrum fumigant
decreased crown rot occurrence and increased marketable yields especially
in high pH soils.

Fusarium Wilt of Vegetables. Similarities and differences were identified
between wilt, caused by Fusarium oxvsporum f. sp. lvcopersici (FOL) and
crown rot of tomato. It was established that Fusarium wilt (Fusarium
oxvsporum f. sp. niveum in sequential watermelon seedings was quickly
responsive to pH adjustments in the media used in repeated seedlings: high
pH controlled the disease, whereas low pH encouraged disease development.
A six-month overseasoning period between two tomato crops greatly reduced
the occurrence of Fusarium wilt caused by race 1, 2, or 3 FOL Race 3
survived much better in plots planted to the highly susceptible Bonny Best
variety than race 1 or 2 and resulted in a far greater incidence of
disease than race 1 or 2 on Bonny Best. Very little disease occurred in
plots planted to cultivars tolerant to races 1, 2, or 3 after the six
month period. Lvcopersicon pennellii was determined to be resistant to
three races of the tomato wilt Fusarium and to the current isolate of the
crown rot Fusarium.

Target Spot of Vegetables. Found that Corvnespora cassiicola isolated
from tomato did not affect cucumber and that the isolate from cucumber did
not affect tomato. Demonstrated that benomyl and chlorothalonil resulted
in equal control of target spot of cucumber. A decade ago benomyl gave
far superior results compared to mancozeb or chlorothalonil.








SUMMARY OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1988-90


PAGE VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION

23 Water Management G. A. Clark, C. D. Stanley, A. A. Csizinszky,
and D. N. Maynard
24 Vegetable Crop Culture A. A. Csizinszky
26 Agricultural Economics J. W. Prevatt









WATER RESEARCH PROGRAM


G. A. Clark, C. D. Stanley, A. A. Csizinszky, and D. N. Maynard

Reduced Bed Widths with Drip Irrigation. The effects of soil bed width
were evaluated for production of vegetables using drip irrigation,
fertigation, and plastic mulch. Bed widths of 16, 24, and 32 inches were
tested for yield differences using drip irrigation with ten different
vegetable crops including tomatoes, pepper, squash, and melons. Yield
differences from the spring 1990 season were not significantly different
for any of the vegetable varieties tested. Reduced bed widths with drip
irrigation of vegetables use less polyethylene mulch, less soil fumigant,
less fuel for bed formation, and could provide for closer bed spacing.

Fully Enclosed Subirrigation (Seepage). A modified seepage irrigation
conveyance system which uses a drip tube rather than lateral ditches was
initially designed and tested for improved subirrigation water application
uniformity and application efficiency. Drip tubes with a 24-inch emitter
spacing and a water discharge of 0.3 gpm per 100 ft length, were buried
2 to 4 inches deep on 25 ft centers. The tubes were operated continuously
to establish and maintain a water table. The test field was seeded with
sorghum as a cover crop. The drip tubes were operated at three different
test pressures, 6, 10, and 15 psi. At the 10 psi pressure, water table
levels fluctuated between 15 and 20 inches from the ground surface during
May of 1990. Initial results indicate that water application rates may
be reduced by 30 to 40 percent, with similar reductions in total pumpage.
However, water filtration and treatment must be performed to avoid
clogging of the tubes.

Water Requirements of Fresh Market Tomatoes. Water requirement studies
were initiated on fresh market staked tomatoes. Spring 1990 crop plant
water use averaged 9 to 10 inches to meet the evaporative demand. This
does not include water necessary to meet the inefficiencies of the
irrigation system, for plant establishment, or for system maintenance.
Spring crop coefficients based on pan evaporation indicate plant water
use ranged from 5% to 15% of pan evaporation during early growth, to 50%
to 60% during the mid part of the season, and increasing to 80% to 100%
during peak growth and development. Fall data are still being analyzed
but show a similar trend with the crop coefficients.









VEGETABLE CROP CULTURE


A. A. Csizinszky

A. Seepage (furrow) irrigated systems

1. Color mulch trials for tomatoes. In the fall season, cv. Sunny
yields were best with yellow color mulch treated with a vegetable
oil and with aluminum color mulch. Tomato yields with white
(control), orange, orange with vegetable oil, and yellow without
vegetable oil were significantly lower than with yellow color
mulch treated with the oil.

2. Slow-release nitrogen sources for tomatoes cv. Solar Set. In
studies conducted for 3 consecutive seasons, spring and fall 1989
and spring 1990, early yield of large fruits and early and
seasonal yields of marketable fruits were best with a 50%
oxamide:50% methylene urea N-source. Tomato yields with 100%
oxamide, 100% methylene urea and 70% N03:30% NH4 (control) or
other ratios of oxamide-methylene urea, had lower yields.
Sulphur coated urea reduced large fruit yield and increased the
proportion of small fruits.

3. Nitrogen and potassium rates and plant spacing for tomatoes.
'Sunny' tomatoes were grown in the spring of 1990 with four N &
K rates, lx, 2x, 3x and 4x [Ix N and K rates were equivalent to
78 lb N and 129 lb K per acre (1 acre = 8712 linear bed ft)], and
three in-row spacings, 18, 24, and 30 inches, in replicated
trials. Yield of large fruit was highest with the 4x N & K rate
(316 N and 525 K Ib/A). Medium and small fruit yields and
marketable yields were highest with the 3x N & K rate (235 N and
390 K Ib/A). Large fruit yield was best with 30-inch spacing,
medium and small fruit, and marketable yields were best with the
18-inch spacing.

B. Micro (trickle)-irrigated system

1. Pre-plant soil-applied slow-release fertilizer sources and rates
for 'Solar Set' tomato. Two plastic coated urea (PCU), a plastic
coated KNO3 (PCK), and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) N and K sources
at two pre-plant rates, 25% or 50% of the total seasonal N-rate,
were used for tomato production. The remaining amounts of the
N and K were applied from a liquid fertilizer source. Control
plots had 25% or 50% of the season's N-rate from 70% N03-N and 30%
NH4-N soluble N-source. Studies were conducted during summer-
fall (Aug.-Dec.) 1989 and spring (Feb.-May) 1990. Fruit size and
total marketable yields were similar with all slow-release N and
K sources to the conventional soluble N-source.

2. Soil and foliar-applied biostimulants for vegetables in
sequential cropping system. Soil and foliar biostimulant
(TRIGGRR), containing cytokinin-like compounds and macro and
micronutrients, was applied to vegetables in a sequential









cropping system during the summer-fall 1989, winter 1989-90 and
spring 1990 season. Plastic mulch and micro-irrigation tubes
were left in place and were the same for all 3 crop sequences.
Vegetable crops, tomato and bell pepper in summer-fall,
cauliflower and cabbage in fall-winter, cucumber and zucchini in
spring, were treated with the commercial Triggrr preparations
according to manufacturer's recommendations. Combinations of
soil and foliar Triggrr treatments slightly increased marketable
bell pepper yields, cabbage yields after a pepper pre-crop, and
squash yields after pepper and cabbage crop sequence. Tomato and
cucumber yields were similar or lower with the biostimulant than
with other water treatments.

3. Investigation of the use of polvsorb soil amendment for micro-
irrigated bell peppers. Bell pepper, cv. Bell Captain, was grown
in fall 1990 with Ix, 2x and 3x rates (Ix = 50 Ib/A) of 'Alcosorb
AB3C' gel (crosslinked polyacrylamide copolymer) at two
placements, banded on the bed shoulders or broadcast in the full
width of the bed. The Alcosorb was placed approximately 3 inches
deep in the banded and 6 inches deep in the broadcast
application. The non-treated control plots had higher yields of
US Fancy (extra large) and total marketable fruits than any of
the polyacrylamide gel treatments.

4. Foliar nutrient and biostimulant spray treatments for micro-
irrigated bell peppers. Bell pepper, cv. Bell Captain, was
treated with 3 rates of 'Librel RMx4' chelated micronutrient
spray and with 'KeyPlex 360' biostimulant. In the control plots,
peppers were grown with or without pre-plant soil applied
micronutrients and were sprayed with water. The water-treated
control plots, with or without the soil applied micronutrients,
had higher marketable yields and larger fruit size than the
nutrient spray treated plots.









AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS PRODUCTION AND MARKETING


J. W. Prevatt

A cost analysis of a containerized tomato production system was conducted
to determine the investment cost and the annual total production cost per
acre. Break-even and sensitivity analyses also were evaluated to
determine cost per unit relationships for various levels of marketable
yield.

Performed survey of agricultural land use for five counties in the
Southwest Florida Water Management District. Data collected included type
and acreage of crops grown, and irrigated acreage by crop and type of
irrigation system.

A cost analysis was conducted of semi-closed seepage, micro-irrigation,
and fully enclosed seepage irrigation systems. This study evaluated the
initial investment, annual fixed and variable costs associated with
irrigating a 100-acre tomato crop in Southwest Florida.

Evaluated Best Management Practices of vegetable production for the Lake
Manatee Watershed Demonstration Project. Formulated economic
considerations of adopting Best Management Practices.

Incorporated risk in the optimal vegetable enterprise selection decision.
Measured the effect of capital indebtedness and seasonality on expected
returns and risk associated with fresh market vegetables.









TOUR 1 VEGETABLE CROP IMPROVEMENT


Page Topic

28 Bell Pepper Cultivar Trials T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters

30 Tomato Cultivar Trials T. K. Howe, J. W. Scott and W. E. Waters

32 Asparagus Production Feasibility D. N. Maynard

33 Icebox Watermelon Variety Evaluation D. N. Maynard

34 Standard Watermelon Variety Evaluation D. N. Maynard

35 Seedless Watermelon Variety Evaluation D. N. Maynard

37 Cantaloupe Variety Evaluation D. N. Maynard

38 Insect Resistance in Tomato D. J. Schuster and J. W. Scott

39 Miniature Dwarf Tomato Breeding J. W. Scott and B. K. Harbaugh

39 Tomato Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding J. W. Scott, G. C.
Somodi, and J. B. Jones

40 Tomato Heat Stable Nematode Resistance Genetics and Breeding -
J. W. Scott, A. J. Overman, and G. C. Somodi

41 Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance Breeding J. W. Scott, G. C.
Somodi, and J. B. Jones

41 Evaluation of Heat Tolerant Inbreds J. W. Scott

42 Southern Tomato Exchange Program Tomato Trial J. W. Scott

43 Tomato Fusarium Wilt Race 3 Resistance Breeding J. W. Scott and
J. P. Jones

44 Tomato Breeding: Plant Habit, Parthenocarpy, Male Sterility,
Shelf Life, and Target Spot Resistance J. W. Scott

45 Genetic Resistance Against Rough Blossom-End Scarring J. H. M.
Barten and J. W. Scott

46 Tomato Fusarium Crown Rot Resistance Breeding J. W. Scott and
J. P. Jones

47 Relationship of Volatile Compounds to Tomato Flavor Comppnents -
J. W. Scott and Elizabeth A. Baldwin









BELL PEPPER CULTIVAR TRIALS

T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters


Location:

Objective:


Crop:


Block P, Land 1

To evaluate yield and horticultural characteristics of bell
pepper cultivars and advanced breeding lines harvested at
the green stage.

Bell pepper; transplanted February 21, 1991; double row,
11 x 10 inch plant spacing; 5 ft row spacing.

Replicated Entries (#1-15 are in trial statewide)


Jupiter (op)
Early Calwonder (op)
Ssupersweet 860
Orobelle
Memphis
Bell Captain
Galaxy
Gator Belle
Whopper Improved
XPH 5693
Ranger
Capistrano (op)
PR 300-7
Thickwall Red

King Arthur (PSX 10088)
PSX 3187
PSX 72286
Crispy
Belmont
Empressa (XPH 5545) (op)
PR 300-6
Verdel
P-1288
Lamuyo
NS 43504
PR 300-1
PR 300-2
PR 89-3
Bellguard (HMX 5661)
Bell King (HMX 7653)
Zerto
Zico


Observational Entries

33. PSX 8287
34. PSX 37786


Northrup King
Asgrow
Abbott & Cobb
Northrup King
Northrup King
Petoseed
Northrup King
Petoseed
Northrup King
Asgrow
Asgrow
Petoseed
Pepper Research
Enza Zaden
(Prec. Ag.)
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Burpee
Asgrow
Asgrow
Pepper Research
Northrup King
Northrup King
Neuman
Neuman
Pepper Research
Pepper Research
Pepper Research
Harris Moran
Harris Moran
Nunhems (Canners)
Nunhems (Canners)


Petoseed
Petoseed









PSR 49587
PSX 88888

PSR 14890
NS 413
NS 412
NS 411
Park's Early Thickset
8076

9139
HMX 8862


Operation:


Petoseed
Petoseed

Petoseed
Neuman
Neuman
Neuman
Park
Northrup King

Northrup King
Harris Moran


The replicated (4 plots per entry) and observational
(single plots) trials will be harvested at the mature green
stage. Samples of fruit will be measured to determine pod
length, diameter, wall thickness and lobe number. Yields
will be computed by weight for each harvest and for the
entire season. Subjective evaluations will be made on
plant size, uniformity and habit, foliage cover, fruit
habit, color and uniformity.









TOMATO CULTIVAR TRIALS


T. K. Howe, J. W. Scott, and W. E. Waters


Location:

Objective:


Crop:


Block P, Lands 2, 3 and 4

To evaluate yield and horticultural characteristics of
tomato cultivars and advanced breeding lines harvested at
the mature green stage or beyond.


Fresh market tomato;
row; 28.5 inch plant
pruned.

Replicated Entries


transplanted February 20, 1991; single
spacing; 5 ft row spacing; staked; not


(#1-7,and 13 in trial statewide)


1. IFAS 7306
2. IFAS 7307
3. IFAS 7308
4. IFAS 7264
5. IFAS 7385
6. IFAS 7384
7. Solar Set
8. Cobia
9. Merced (NVH 4461)
10. Spitfire (FMX 157)
11. Summer Flavor 5000
12. Summer Flavor 6000
13. Sunny
14. Sunbeam (XPH 5628)
15. XPH 5796
16. FTE 24
17. PSR 853689
18. PSR 864189
19. Regency
20. Agriset 761

Observational Entries


Duke
FTE 12
Colonial
Olympic
PSR 855389
PSR 860889
PSR 868889
PSR 869089
NC 8911
NC 87175
NC 9022
NC 88112
NC 87294
NC 88289


IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
Asgrow
Northrup King
Northrup King
Ferry-Morse
Abbott & Cobb
Abbott & Cobb
Asgrow
Asgrow
Asgrow
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Harris Moran
Agrisales


Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
NCSU
NCSU
NCSU
NCSU
NCSU
NCSU









35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.


HMX 8813
Mogambo
Sunre 6589
Sunre 6590
87-27
88-17
STM 9102 (
STM 9202 (
STM 9203 (1
NUN 8066
870.189
IFAS 7303
IFAS 7304
IFAS 7406
IFAS 7407
IFAS 7262
IFAS 7389
IFAS 7248B
IFAS 7249B
IFAS 7267
IFAS 7296
IFAS 7362
IFAS 7368


38-28)
38-11)
39-12)


Fusarium Race 3 Resis.
Fusarium Race 3 Resis.


Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat


Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant
Tolerant


Mountain Gold (PVP)
Mountain Spring (NC 87127)
Park's Whopper VFNT
Better Bush VFN
Whirlaway
FMX 174
Bingo
Horizon
Suncoast
Flora-Dade
Pacific
Tango (NVH 4467)
Santiago (NVH 4465)
Bonita
8-12958
Piedmont
Summit
SR 600
SR 445
Rosario
NS 262R
NS 207 (plum)
NS 273 (indeterminate)
NS 269 (cherry)
FMX 173 (cherry)
Mountain Belle (cherry)
Cherry Grande (cherry)
Agristar
Agriset 1000
Hayslip


NCSU
NCSU
Park
Park
Ferry-Morse
Ferry-Morse
Ferry-Morse
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
Asgrow
Northrup King
Northrup King
Northrup King
Northrup King
NCSU
NCSU
Shamrock
Shamrock
Neuman
Neuman
Neuman
Neuman
Neuman
Ferry-Morse
NCSU
Petoseed
Agrisales
Agrisales
IFAS

Harris Moran
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Sakata
Sakata
Sakata
Sakata
Sakata
Nunhems(Canner's)
Nunhems(Canner's)
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS









Heat Tolerant
Heat Tolerant
Heat Tolerant


Operation:


The replicated trial (4 plots per entry) will be harvested
at the mature green stage or beyond and the fruit sized as
in commercial practice. Marketable yields will be assessed
for each harvest and for the entire season. Subjective
evaluations of all entries will be made on fruit
characteristics, plant habit and general adaptability to
Florida production.


ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION FEASIBILITY STUDY

D. N. Maynard and G. A. Clark


Location:

Objective:


Planted:


Fertilizer:

Spacing:

Irrigation:


Block L, Land 12


To determine the feasibility of commercial
production in southwest Florida.


asparagus


One-year old crowns planted on 18 February 1991.

Preplant; 50-200-100 Ibs N-P205-K20/acre
Fertigation; to provide 100-0-100 Ibs N-P205-K20/acre

Beds on 5 ft. centers; in-row spacing is 18 in.

Drip tubing installed 2 inches above crowns.


Apollo
Syn 4-362M
Syn 4-51
Syn 4-53
Syn 4-56
Syn 4-MD10
UC 157F,
Viola


California Asparagus Seeds & Transplants
Nourse Farms, Inc.
Nourse Farms, Inc.
Nourse Farms, Inc.
Nourse Farms, Inc.
Nourse Farms, Inc.
California Asparagus Seeds & Transplants
California Asparagus Seeds & Transplants


Operation:


Planting will be maintained for possible small harvest in
Spring 1992 and regular harvests thereafter.


89.
90.
91.
92.
93.


IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS


7374
7375
7376
7408
7392


IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS
IFAS


Entries:









ICEBOX WATERMELON VARIETY EVALUATION


D. N. Maynard


Location:

Objective:



Planted:

Fumigation:

Fertilizer:

SDacing:


Entry and
Plot No.:


Block P, Lands 8, 9, 10, and 11 (ditch rows)

To determine yield and quality of eight icebox watermelon
varieties or experimental lines. The icebox watermelons
serve as pollenizers for center rows of seedless
watermelons in the same lands.

21 February 1991

MC-33, 3.6 lb/100 Ibf


Incorporated; 0-20-0; 6 lb/100 Ibf
Bands; 18-0-25; 11.5 lb/100 Ibf


Beds on 9 ft. centers;
per plot; plot size is


Baby Gray
Exp. 1184
Exp. 1185
Mickylee
Minilee
Sugar Baby
S89J39-1
Tiger Baby


in-row spacing
16 ft.


Petoseed
Northrup King
Northrup King
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
CFREC
Petoseed


is 2 ft.; 8 plants


Operation:


Watermelons will be harvested at marketable maturity,
counted, weighed individually, assessed for internal
quality, and soluble solids determined.









STANDARD WATERMELON VARIETY EVALUATION


D. N. Maynard


Location:

Objective:



Planted:

Fumigation:

Fertilizer:


Spacina:

Entry and
Plot No.:


Block P, Lands 8, 9, 10, and 11 (ditch rows)

To determine yield and quality of 16 standard watermelon
varieties or experimental lines. The standard watermelons
serve as pollenizers for center rows of seedless
watermelons in the same lands.

21 February 1991

MC-33; 3.6 lb/100 Ibf


Incorporated; 0-20-0; 6 Tb/100 Ibf
Banded; 18-0-25; 11.5 lb/100 Ibf

Beds on 9 ft. centers; in-row spacing
per plot; 16 ft. is plot size.


Crimson Tide
Early Jubilee
Fiesta
Hyb. 1152
Jubilation
Jubilee II
Mirage
NVH 4200
Regency
Royal Jubilee
Royal Majesty
Royal Star
Royal Sweet
Sangria
Starbrite
S90CW


is 3 ft.; 8 plants


Northrup King
Petoseed
Northrup King
Northrup King
Northrup King
Asgrow
Asgrow
Northrup King
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Northrup King
Asgrow
CFREC


Operation:


Watermelons will be harvested at marketable maturity,
counted, weighed individually, assessed for internal
quality, and soluble solids determined.









SEEDLESS WATERMELON VARIETY EVALUATION


D. N. Maynard


Location:

Objective:



Planted:

Transplanted:

Fumigation:

Fertilizer:


Spacing:


Entry and
Plot No.:


Block P, Lands 8, 9, 10, and 11 (center rows)

To determine yield and quality of 27 replicated and eight
observational seedless watermelon varieties or experimental
lines. Icebox and standard watermelons in the ditch rows
of these lands serve as pollenizers.

29 January 1991

26 February 1991


MC-33; 3.6 lb/100 Ibf

Incorporated; 0-20-0; 6 lb/100 Ibf
Bands; 18-0-25; 11.5 lb/100 Ibf

Beds on 9 ft. centers; in-row spacing
per plot; plot size is 24 ft.


R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
R-6
R-7
R-8
R-9
R-10
R-11
R-12
R-13
R-14
R-15
R-16
R-17
R-18
R-19
R-20
R-21
R-22
R-23
R-24
R-25
R-26
R-27


CFREC 88-2
CFREC 89-4
CFREC 89-6
CFREC 89-10
CFREC 89-11
CFREC 90-2
CFREC 90-7
Crimson Trio
HMX 7924
HMX 7928
HMX 7932
Honeyheart
King of Hearts
Laurel
Nova
NVH 4256
NVH 4296
Queen of Hearts
Scarlet Trio
Ssupersweet 2532
Ssupersweet 5032
Ssupersweet 5244
Ssupersweet 5344
Sweet Heart
SWM 8702 (158)
Tiffany
Tri-X-313


is 3 ft.; 8 plants


CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
Northrup King
Harris Moran
Harris Moran
Harris Moran
Petoseed
Petoseed
American Takii
Sakata
Northrup King
Northrup King
Petoseed
Northrup King
Abbott & Cobb
Abbott & Cobb
Abbott & Cobb
Abbott & Cobb
Park Seed
Sakata
Asgrow
American Sunmelon









CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg
CFREC-Leesburg


Operation:


Watermelons will be harvested at marketable maturity,
counted, weighed individually, assessed for internal
quality, and soluble solids determined.


0-1
0-2
0-3
0-4
0-5
0-6
0-7
0-8


CFREC
CFREC
CFREC
CFREC
CFREC
CFREC
CFREC
CFREC


88-1
88-3
89-7
89-8
89-9
89-13
90-1
90-6









CANTALOUPE VARIETY EVALUATION


D. N. Maynard


Block P, Land 12

To identify varieties with high production potential
round/oval fruit with no or indistinct sutures,
netting, and excellent internal quality.

22 February 1991

MC-33; 3.6 lb/100 Ibf


having
heavy


Location:

Objective:



Planted:

Fumigation:

Fertilizer:


Spacing:


Entry and
Plot No.:


Beds on 5 ft. centers;
per plot; plot size is


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.


Argonaut
Challenger
Cruiser
Durango
Goldmark
Hiline
HMX 9583
HMX 9584
Hy-mark
Mission
Premier
Primo
Pronto
PSR 189
PSX 30787 (Laredo)
Road Runner
Solid Gold
SME 8101
Sunex 7006
Sunex 7007
Sunre 7029
Sunre 7030
Tasty Sweet
Valley Gold


in-row spacing is 2 ft.; 8 plants
16 ft.


Northrup King
Northrup King
Harris Moran
Petoseed
Sunseeds
Asgrow
Harris Moran
Harris Moran
Petoseed
Asgrow
Abbott & Cobb
Northrup King
Abbott & Cobb
Petoseed
Petoseed
Petoseed
Northrup King
Sakata
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Sunseeds
Harris Moran


Operation:


Cantaloupes will be harvested at the full slip stage,
counted, weighed, and external and internal quality
assessments made.


Incorporated; 0-20-0; 6 lb/100 Ibf
Bands; 18-0-25; 11.5 lb/100 Ibf









INSECT RESISTANCE IN TOMATO

D. J. Schuster and J. W. Scott


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Selections:


Block B, Land 13

To develop Lycopersicon germplasm resistant to leafminers
and to the sweetpotato whitefly.

Tomato; transplanted March 6 and 27


'Sunny'
PI-126449 -

LA 1340 -

0639-0681 -
0927-0939 -


susceptible standard
leafminer & whitefly resistant standard
(Lycopersicon hirsutum f. qlabratum)
whitefly resistant standard (Lycopersicon
pennellii)
L. hirsutum f. glabratum derived germplasm
L. pennellii derived germplasm


Operation:


Summary:


Each plant will be evaluated at least once for leafmining
damage and the numbers of sweetpotato whitefly immatures.
Concomitantly, selected entries are being evaluated in the
greenhouse for oviposition and development of leafminers
and whiteflies. Individual plants indicating resistance
to one or both of the insect species will be evaluated for
horticultural characteristics and advancement in the
germplasm development program.

Last fall, certain selections with improved horticultural
type indicated leafminer resistance intermediate between
PI-126449 and Sunny. The resistance of PI-126449 is
related to glandular trichomes on leaves and has been
difficult to transfer to germplasm with good horticultural
characteristics. Some of this germplasm has also indicated
some resistance to the sweetpotato whitefly. Germplasm
derived from L. pennellii is not far removed from the wild
parent horticulturally.









MINIATURE DWARF TOMATO BREEDING

J. W. Scott and B. K. Harbaugh


Location:

Objective:

Crop:

Operation:


Summary:










Location:

Objective:


Crop:


Operation:






Summary:


Block C, Land 13

To develop a miniature dwarf tomato variety with yellow
fruit.

Tomato, transplanted Feb. 26, 1991

Twenty-three yellow fruited, miniature dwarf breeding lines
in the F6 generation are being evaluated in the field and
in pots in a greenhouse.

These lines are being considered for release as a companion
variety for Micro-Tom. Detailed data are being taken in
the greenhouse and pending results, such a release may be
made late this year or in 1992.


TOMATO BACTERIAL SPOT RESISTANCE BREEDING

J. W. Scott, G. C. Somodi, and J. B. Jones

Block C, Lands 14-18, Block N, Land 9

To develop inbred or hybrids with good horticultural type
and resistance or tolerance to bacterial spot.

Tomato, transplanted March 5, 1991 except hybrids in N9
transplanted on March 25, 1991.

Two hundred forty-eight lines including 212 F3's were spray
inoculated with a suspension of 108 cfu/ml of Xanthomonas
campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv) and subsequently evaluated
for horticultural type. Some of the lines have heat
tolerance and are being assayed under spring conditions.
Additionally, thirty-eight hybrids are being evaluated as
possible varieties.

It is unlikely that there will be adequate disease pressure
this season so the more promising lines will be screened
for Xcv resistance in the summer or early fall. It is
anticipated that a few good parents will be derived from
this early generation material.









TOMATO HEAT STABLE NEMATODE RESISTANCE GENETICS AND BREEDING
J. W. Scott, A. J. Overman, and G. C. Somodi

Location: Block C, Lands 19-20

Objective: To determine the inheritance of nematode resistance from
two genetic sources and develop breeding line releases for
Florida.

Crop: Tomato, transplanted Apr. 25, 1991 (estimated)
Operation: Materials
1. PI 126443 Lycopersicon peruvianum var. qlandulosum
resistant source
2. PI 129152 Lycopersicon peruvianum resistant source
3. Horizon susceptible control
4. Ohio NV8 Mi gene for resistance, not heat stable
5. Three homozygous resistant breeding lines derived from
PI 129152
6. Two homozygous resistant breeding lines derived from
PI 126443
7. Several F,'s of 5 & 6 above
8. Numerous other breeding lines

Methods

At the cotyledon stage, plants were dipped in a suspension
of nematode eggs and transplanted to wooden flats
containing sand and perlite. A suspension of nematode eggs
was then injected in 4 places 1 cm from each plant so that
2000 eggs were placed near each plant. About 35 days
later, the plants were dug and rated for gall formation.
Resistant plants (primarily) were transplanted to the field
for evaluation and in some cases, crossing for genetic
studies.

Summary: Preliminary indications are that both resistances are
controlled by single dominant genes. The crossing this
season should establish families to be used in definitive
testing this fall. The genetic relationship of these
resistances with each other and the Mi gene will also be
studied. The genes are being incorporated to advanced
breeding lines by backcrossing. Breeding lines may be
released within 2 years.









TOMATO BACTERIAL WILT RESISTANCE BREEDING

J. W. Scott, G. C. Somodi, and J. B. Jones


Location:

Objective:


Block C, Lands 25 and 26

To develop horticulturally
resistance to bacterial wilt.


acceptable


inbreds with


Tomato, transplanted Feb. 25, 1991


Operation:






Summary:









Location:

Objective:


Seventy-six lines derived from several resistance sources
were inoculated with 5 ml of 5 x 107 cfu/ml of Pseudomonas
solanacearum in Speedling trays when plants were 32 days
old. Transplanting was done 5 days later and susceptible
plants were reset with healthy plants for several weeks
thereafter. Healthy plants will be rated for horticultural
type when fruit ripen.

It has been difficult to get consistent screening results
and to recover a high level of resistance. Eighteen F,'s
derived from two new sources from Taiwan (AVRDC) are also
being tested in another land.


EVALUATION OF TOMATO HEAT TOLERANT INBREDS

J. W. Scott

Block C, Land 32

To better evaluate the genetic potential of heat tolerant
inbreds.


Tomato, transplanted Feb. 26, 1991


Operation:

Summary:


Twenty-eight more advanced heat tolerant inbreds are being
evaluated for horticultural performance.

Most heat tolerant selection takes place in the summer.
These lines are being tested this season because it is
easier to discern potential fruit size and blossom scar
size in the spring among other things. This will assist
in determining which are the best lines to emphasize in the
future.









SOUTHERN TOMATO EXCHANGE PROGRAM (STEP) TOMATO TRIAL


J. W. Scott


Location:

Objective:


Crop :
Operation:


Block C, Land 30

To provide yield and quality data on breeding lines being
considered for release by University breeding programs.

Tomato, transplanted Feb. 26, 1991


A. Replicated Trial


STEP #


Flora-Dade
Floradel
STEP 709
STEP 714
STEP 716
STEP 717
STEP 722
STEP 724


Pediaree


NC 87175
NC 87294
47-St-30
47-St-31
NC 88112
NC 88289


University


Florida check line
Florida check line
North Carolina State
North Carolina State
Missouri
Missouri
North Carolina State
North Carolina State


B. Observational Trial


Pediaree


University


Flora-Dade
Floradel
STEP 711
STEP 720
STEP 723
STEP 725
STEP 729
STEP 730
STEP 731
STEP 732
STEP 733


m--

Mo. Hy 117
ATH-59
NC 88286
Mo. 49-y 149
Iowa 90-9005
Iowa 90-9010
Iowa 90-10001
Fla. 7264
Fla. 7385


Florida check line
Florida check line
Missouri
Auburn
North Carolina State
Missouri
Iowa State
Iowa State
Iowa State
Florida
Florida


Yield data will be taken on the replicated trial. Notes
as to defects, taste, color,. firmness, and yield will be
made on the observational trial and notes on the former 4
will be made on replicated lines.

STEP trials are grown at several locations in the
southeastern U.S. and Hawaii. In the observation trial,
recommendations are made to continue to look at a line,
drop it, or move it to the replicated trial. The data are
used by breeders in assessing adaptation and making variety
release decisions.


STEP #


Summary:









TOMATO FUSARIUM WILT RACE 3 RESISTANCE BREEDING


J. W. Scott and J. P. Jones


Location:

Objective:

CroD:


Operation:




Summary:


Block C, Lands 31, 32; Block M, Land 2

To develop improved inbreds (in C31-32) and hybrids (M2)
with Fusarium Wilt race 3 resistance.

Tomato, transplanted Feb. 26 (C31-32) and March 25, 1991
(M2)

Sixty-three inbreds were inoculated by dipping plants at
the cotyledon stage in a suspension of 107 spores/ml of the
race 3 pathogen. Resistant plants were transplanted to the
field for horticultural evaluation. Eleven new race 3
resistant hybrids are being evaluated for possible release.

Two groups of inbreds looked promising last summer and
fall. Hybrids were made within one of these groups which
are being tested. If F,'s have some merit, they will be
considered for release. Hybrids from the other inbred
group will be made this spring for testing in the fall.
Parents will also be considered for breeding line release.








TOMATO BREEDING: PLANT HABIT, PARTHENOCARPY, MALE-STERILITY,
SHELF-LIFE, AND TARGET SPOT RESISTANCE
J. W. Scott


Location: Block N, Lands 4-7

Objective: To develop breeding lines adapted to Florida conditions
with as yet unavailable genetic improvements.

CroD: Tomato, transplanted Feb. 22 and Feb. 25, 1991
Summary: These projects are in various stages of development. A
brief summary will be given here for each.

A. Plant Habit The objective is to develop plants with
modified short internodes and extensive branching
without apical dominance which would not require
staking. It is hoped that such plants would not blow
to one side of the plastic, would not outgrow the
plastic, and would have adequate fruit cover. Most
lines have been crossed with a brachytic (br) mutant
to enhance the above branching characteristics.
Extensive evaluation is needed to assess the level
of development still required for breeding line
releases.

B. Parthenocarpy Genetically seedless tomatoes
theoretically could set fruit when conditions are not
conducive to the pollination and fertilization
process. Past work indicated that parthenocarpic
expression is better under cool than hot conditions.
Expression of parthenocarpy has been erratic between
seasons. The genetic background appears critical to
expression, thus it is not a simply inherited
characteristic from a practical point of view. A
modest effort to obtain breeding lines with good
fruit set, size, and quality under Florida conditions
is underway.

C. Male-sterility is being backcrossed into a few parent
lines to facilitate production of experimental seed
volumes. Ultimately, a male-sterile seed parent
could be used to reduce seed production costs and
increase seed availability on a commercial scale.
Some steriles have a seedling marker called
anthocyanless (a) and some have an isozyme marker
peroxidase 2 (Prx-2) to aid in selection of sterile
segregants.

D. Shelf Life A ripening inhibitor gene (rin) is being
backcrossed into several parent lines. When a line
with rin is crossed with a normal tomato, the hybrid









has an extended shelf life due to enzymatically
slowed ripening. Such a hybrid could allow for a
more advanced stage of harvesting and shipping
without appreciable postharvest losses. This concept
requires considerable testing.

E. Target Spot Resistance Thirty BC2F3 lines are being
evaluated primarily for horticultural type. Strong
vines are being emphasized. Resistance will be
evaluated in the fall. Another cross is probably
required before breeding line releases will be
possible.

GENETIC RESISTANCE AGAINST ROUGH BLOSSOM-END SCARRING

J. H. M. Barten and J. W. Scott


Location:

Objective:


Block N, Land 10


To identify relationships between several genes that
influence blossom-end morphology and their usefulness in
breeding for smooth blossom-end scars.


Tomato, transplanted on March 5


Operation:







Summary:


Four accessions with mutant genes influencing blossom-end
morphology were obtained from the Tomato Genetics Stock
Center (n in LA2353, bk in LA986, Bk-2 in LA1787 and Dst
in LA2-5). Three breeding lines that had nippled fruits
without the associated leaf curl are being tested for
allelism with these mutant genes and each other. Parent,
F, and F2 generations are grown and the amount of nippling
will be scored for individual plants.

The nipple-tip gene (n), which codes for a pointed blossom-
end, especially in young fruits, is generally used to breed
for blossom-end smoothness. However, occasional problems
with beakiness in mature fruits and leaf curl which is
linked to n and can increase foliar disease problems,
prompted the search for alternatives. Three breeding lines
were obtained that showed nippling without the associated
leaf curl. The present study investigates whether these
genotypes contain new, undescribed genes, or previously
reported genes without the linkage to leaf curl. This is
part of a larger project aimed at establishing efficient
breeding strategies for incorporation of blossom-end
smoothness.









TOMATO FUSARIUM CROWN ROT RESISTANCE BREEDING


J. W. Scott and J. P. Jones


Location:

Objective:


Operation:


Summary:


Block N, Land 10

To develop inbreds with good horticultural type and
resistance to Fusarium crown rot.

Tomato, transplanted March 12, 1991

Plants at the cotyledon stage were inoculated by dipping
roots into a suspension of 107 spores/ml of the crown rot
pathogen and transplanting into a medium of peat and
vermiculite amended with 0.75 g/l CaC03 to obtain a pH of
5. Disease symptoms were read 10 days later and resistant
plants were transplanted to Speedling trays with media at
pH 6.5 They were evaluated for horticultural type in the
field.


This disease has caused considerable problems in
Florida. It appears another cross will be needed
adequate fruit size for commercial acceptance.
line releases are the likely end product.


southwest
to obtain
Breeding









RELATIONSHIP OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS TO TOMATO FLAVOR COMPONENTS


J. W. Scott and Elizabeth A. Baldwin1


Location:

Objectives:


Crop:


Block N, Land 11

1) To assay new and old varieties for flavor and
volatiles to determine relationships between the two.

2) To define off flavors in tomato and determine if
these flavors relate to specific volatiles.


Tomato, transplanted March 5, 1991


Operation:


Summary:


In the first experiment the following varieties are being
grown; Rutgers, Better Boy, Manalucie, Manapal, Jefferson,
Celebrity, Sunny, Solar Set, Flora-Dade, Walter, Duke, and
Olympic. Taste panel work will be done to discern the
varieties with the most desirable and least desirable
flavor. These types will be characterized for volatile
compounds to distinguish if there are common differences
in an attempt to find important volatiles which would then
be selected for in breeding.

In the second experiment 33 breeding lines with off-flavors
noted in 1990 will be tasted and the off-flavors will be
grouped as to type of off flavor. These groups will be
compared to each other and controls (Solar Set) to try to
identify volatiles which might be associated with a
particular off-flavor.

The importance of volatiles to tomato flavor has been
reported but little is known about which of the 400 or so
volatiles present are of most importance. These
experiments should provide some clues as to volatiles which
are related to good and poor flavor. This information may
lead to further experiments which will help us in our
understanding of the complexities of tomato flavor and
ultimately assist in breeding efforts for improved flavor.


'USDA, Winter Haven









TOUR 2 VEGETABLE CROP PROTECTION


Paqe Topic
49 Phytotoxicity and Movement of Cobra in Tomato Middles J. P.
Gilreath

50 Phytotoxicity of Ignite to Tomato J. P. Gilreath

51 Squash Plant Dessication with Diquat and Gramoxone Super J. P.
Gilreath

51 Fusarium Crown Rot of Tomato J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz
52 Fusarium Wilt of Tomato I J. P. Jones and J. W. Scott

53, Fusarium Wilt of Tomato II J. P. Jones and J. W. Scott

54 Control of Early Blight of Tomato J. P. Jones and J. B. Jones
54 Fusarium Crown Rot of Tomato J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz

55 Evaluation of Danitol for Sweetpotato Whitefly Control D. J.
Schuster

56 Sweetpotato Whitefly Field Cage Study D. J. Schuster

57 Evaluation of Insecticides for Armyworm Control D. J. Schuster

58 Evaluation of Insecticides for Sweetpotato Whitefly Control -
D. J. Schuster

59 Evaluation of Potential Trap Crops for the Sweetpotato Whitefly -
D. J. Schuster

60 Evaluation of Possible Pepper Weevil Pheromones D. J. Schuster

61 Impact of Bioregulators on Irregular Ripening of Tomato D. J.
Schuster

62 Tomato Bacterial Wilt Screening Procedure G. C. Somodi, J. W.
Scott, and J. B. Jones









PHYTOTOXICITY AND MOVEMENT OF COBRA IN TOMATO MIDDLES


J. P. Gilreath


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Treatments:




Operation:






Summary:


Block E, Land 2

To determine the movement and phytotoxicity potential of
Cobra during periods of high rainfall.

Tomato, cv. Sunny, transplanted 25 March


1. Untreated
2. Cobra 0.50 Ib.a.i./A pretransplant
3. Cobra 0.50 Ib.a.i./A postemergence
Simulated rainfall applied to row middles via
irrigation after application of each treatment.


overhead


Cobra was applied pre or posttransplant and overhead water
was applied to all plots within 24 hours of application.
Plots were irrigated with 5 to 6 inches of water to
simulate the leaching conditions of heavy rains. Plants
were evaluated at intervals for injury. Soil samples were
collected at the same time to determine the position of
Cobra in the soil profile via bioassay.

Although Cobra has a very low water solubility (similar to
Goal), this research is being conducted to determine if
damage could result under conditions similar to those which
existed several years ago when Goal was purported to cause
damage to a commercial tomato crop in the Naples area.









PHYTOTOXICITY OF IGNITE TO TOMATO


J. P. Gilreath


Location:

Objective:



Treatments:
Treatments:


Operation:



Summary:


Block E, Land 2

To determine the extent of phytotoxicity of Ignite to
tomato when allowed to contact tomato foliage during
directed application to tomato row middles.

Tomato, cv. Sunny, transplanted 25 March


Treatment
no.


Ignite rate
(Ib.a.i./A)
0.0
0.50
0.75
1.0
0.50
0.75
1.0
0.50
0.75
1.0


Growth
staoe


Ignite was applied as a directed spray at the rates and
times indicated above to the foliage on the lower 6 inches
of tomato plants. Phytotoxicity was evaluated at intervals
and yield effects if any will be determined.

Previous research on commercial farms indicated the extent
of damage with Ignite was the same as or less than that
associated with paraquat (Gramoxone Super). The upward
translocation along affected stems occasionally observed
with paraquat has not been observed with Ignite. This
research is being conducted to better ascertain the
validity of these observations.


staae


|--









SQUASH PLANT DESSICATION WITH DIQUAT AND GRAMOXONE SUPER


J. P. Gilreath


Location:

Objective:



Crops:

Treatments:


Operation:



Summary:











Location:


Block E, Land 6

To evaluate Diquat and Gramoxone Super as dessicants for
acorn and summer squash plants at the end of the season as
part of crop sanitation management program.

'Taybelle' acorn squash and 'Dixie' summer squash


Treatment
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6


Herbicide
Diquat
Diquat
Diquat
Gramoxone
Gramoxone
Gramoxone


Rate
(lb.a.i./A)
0.25
0.375
0.50
0.25
0.375
0.50


Treatments will be applied to crop foliage at the end of
the season similar to the commercial timing. Assessments
will be made of percentage crop dessication at intervals
of 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after application.

Research conducted during 1989 and 1990 was the basis for
the registration of Diquat for destruction of a number of
crops in Florida as a management tool for sweet potato
whitefly hosts. This research is being conducted to fine
tune the dosage response of these two squash types to
Diquat and Gramoxone Super.

FUSARIUM CROWN ROT OF TOMATO

J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz


Block P, Land 15


Objective: Evaluate the effect of two tomato varieties and one pepper
variety on the overseasoning of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
radicis-lycopersici

Variables: I. Tomato varieties
1. Sunny susceptible
2. Ohio 89-1 resistant
II. Pepper variety
1. Jupiter

Cultural Data: 1. Set in field 3/11/91
2. Drip irrigation









FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO I

J. P. Jones and J. W. Scott


Location:

Objective:

Variables:


Block A, Land 16

Determine the effect of overseasoning on survival of races
1, 2, and 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. yIcopersici

I. Varieties (season 1 and 2)
1. Bonny Best (susc. to races 1, 2, and 3)
2. Manapal (resist. to race 1, susc. to races 2 & 3)
3. Walter (resist. to races 1 & 2, susc. to race 3)
4. Rutgers (susc. to all races, tolerant to race 1)
5. 13 (resist. to all races)


II. Variety (season 3)
1. Bonny Best


Cultural Data: 1.


Field fumigated and infested with races 1, 2, & 3 fall,
1989. Varieties set and grown until December, 1989.


2. No crop December until fall, 1990

3. Second crop of varieties grown from September to
December, 1990.

4. Bonny Best set March, 1991

5. Drip irrigation









FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO II

J. P. Jones and J. W. Scott


Location:

Objective:

Variables:


Cultural Data: 1.


Block A, Land 17


Determine the effect of overseasoning on survival of
Fusarium oxvsporum f. sp. Iycopersici races 1, 2, & 3

I. Varieties (season 1)
1. Bonny Best (susc. to all races)
2. Manapal (resist. to race 1, susc. to races 2 & 3)
3. Walter (resist. to races 1 & 2, susc. to race 3)
4. Rutgers (susc. to all races, tolerant to race 1)
5. 13 (resist. to all races)

II. Varieties (season 2)
1. Bonny Best (susc. to all races)
2. Manapal (resist. to race 1, susc. to races 2 & 3)
3. Walter (resist. to races 1 & 2, susc. to race 3)
4. Rutgers (susc. to all races, tolerant to race 1)
5. 13 (resist. to all races)


Field fumigated and infested with races 1, 2, and 3
spring, 1990.. Varieties set and grown until June
1990.


2. No crop until spring, 1991. Set next crop March 11,
1991.

3. Drip irrigation.









CONTROL OF EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO

J. P. Jones and J. B. Jones


Location:

Objective:


Block A, Land 19

Evaluate several fungicides alone and in combination for
the control of early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria
solani


Treatments:












Cultural Data:


Fungicides and Rates
1. Bravo 720
2. Bravo 82.5
3. Bravo-Copper
4. Chipco
5. Bravo 720 + Chipco
6. Manzate 200
7. Manzate 200 + TBCS
8. Thiram
9. Bravo 720 + Benlate
10. Ridomil-Copper
11. Ridomil-Bravo
12. Control

1. Variety: Sunny
2. Set 3/19/91
3. Treatments: applied
4. Irrigation: seep


2.0
1.8
5.6
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.5
6.0
1.0
1.5
1.6


pt
lb
lb
lb
pt + 1.0 lb
lb
lb + 4.0 lb
lb
pt + 0.5 lb
lb
lb


once weekly


FUSARIUM CROWN ROT OF TOMATO

J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz


Location:

Objective:


Variables:


Block A, Land 20

Determine the effect of soil pH, nitrogen source, and
sodium chloride on development of crown rot of tomato


Soil pH: 7.0 vs 5.0
Nitrogen source: Amr
Sodium chloride: Na(


nonia vs Nitrate
:1 (1000 Ib/A) vs no NaCI


Cultural Data:


Variety: Sunny
Set: 3/5/91
Irrigation: seep









EVALUATION OF DANITOL FOR SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY CONTROL


D. J. Schuster


Block A, Lands 13-14


Evaluate the pyrethroids, Asana XL and Danitol, combined
with Monitor for management of the sweetpotato whitefly,
irregular ripening (IRR) and geminivirus on tomato.


Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 8


Treatments:


Operation:










Summary:


1. Check (water)
2. Asana XL 0.66EC (0.05 lb ai) + Monitor 4EC (0.75 lb ai)
3. Danitol 2.4EC (0.2 lb ai) + Monitor 4EC (0.75 lb ai)

Treatments will be applied weekly on a per acre basis at
200 psi beginning March 15. At least two counts of
crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae of the sweetpotato
whitefly will be made. Yellow pan traps will be placed
weekly in each plot for 24 hrs the day after spraying. All
plants in each plot will be inspected weekly beginning one
week after transplanting for geminivirus. The plastic will
be marked with paint for those showing definite symptoms.
Fruit will be harvested at least once. The number and
weight of fruit and the number showing symptoms of IRR will
be determined.

The combination of pyrethroids (ie. Asana XL and Danitol)
with organophosphates (ie. Monitor) has appeared more
effective against the sweetpotato whitefly than when either
is applied alone. In an experiment last fall, the
combinations suggested some delay in geminivirus although
the differences from the check were not significant.
Larger plots are being utilized to try and better measure
this effect.


Location:


Crop:









SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY FIELD CAGE STUDY


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Treatments:



Operation:














Summary:


Block B, Land 6

To evaluate the relationship between density of the
sweetpotato whitefly and severity of irregular ripening on
tomato.

Tomato, cv. Sunny, transplanted March 22


No whiteflies
5 whitefly pairs
25 pairs
50 pairs


Plant disease control will be maintained by twice weekly
applications of fungicide/bactericides. Sweetpotato
whiteflies for release will come from a colony on tomato.
The release will be made when plants have approximately 5
true leaves. Plants in uninfested cages will be sprayed
at least weekly with a combination of Danitol and Monitor
to help ensure they remain whitefly-free. All cages will
be monitored weekly and sprayed with Bacillus thurinqiensis
should they become infested with armyworms. Mites will be
controlled by releases of predaceous mites. Each plant in
each cage will be sampled weekly for immature lifestages
of the sweetpotato whitefly. Fruit will be harvested in
the mature green stage, held in paper bags for ripening and
rated for severity of irregular ripening. The relationship
between whitefly density and irregular ripening will be
described mathematically.

Previous experiments in field cages and in insecticide
trials have indicated a relationship between density of the
sweetpotato whitefly and severity of irregular ripening.
A more detailed understanding of this relationship may
enable the formulation of a threshold of whitefly density
that could be tolerated without losses to irregular
ripening.









EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR ARMYWORM CONTROL


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Block B, Land 9


Evaluate
management


biological and chemical insecticides
of armyworm larvae on tomato.


Crop:


Treatments:











Operation:






Summary:


Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 5

1. Check (water)
2. MK 243 0.16EC (0.01 lb ai)
3. MK 243 0.16EC (0.005 lb ai)
4. ABG 6314 WP (1.0 lb product)
5. ABG 6314 WP (0.5 lb product)
6. Dipel 2X WP (1.0 lb product)
7. Condor OF (1.5 qt product)
8. Cutlass WP (2 lb product)
9. Foil OF (3 qt product)
10. Javelin WG (1.0 lb product)
11. Diatomaceous Earth (3.0 lb product, as dust)
12. Lannate 1.8EC (0.45 lb ai)

Treatments will be applied on a per acre basis with a hand-
held sprayer beginning about 3 weeks after transplanting.
The number of armyworm larvae and large (>0.5 inch) and
small (<0.5 inch) leafmines will be recorded per minute
search in each plot at least once. At least one harvest
will be completed, separating fruit damaged by armyworm
larvae and counting and weighing them.

The avermectin MK 243 has demonstrated efficacy against
both leafminers and armyworm larvae on tomato in a previous
study. The other products with the exceptions of
diatomaceous earth and Lannate are new formulations and new
strains of Bacillus thurinaiensis which may have greater
activity against armyworm larvae.


for









EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY CONTROL


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Crop:
Treatments:


Operation:








Summary:


Block B, Lands 10-12

Evaluate new and old insecticides alone or combined for
management of the sweetpotato whitefly, irregular ripening
(IRR) and geminivirus on tomato.

Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 14

1. Check (water)
2. Lorsban 50WP (1.0 lb ai) + Asana XL 0.66EC (0.05 lb
ai)
3. Lorsban 50WP (1.0 lb ai) alternated with Asana XL
0.66EC 0.05 lb ai)
4. Lorsban 50WP (1.0 lb ai) + Saf-T-Side Oil (1% v/v
product)
5. "New" Agri-Mek 0.15EC (0.01 lb ai)
6. "Old" Agri-Mek 0.15EC (0.01 lb ai)
7. "Old" Agri-Mek 0.15EC (0.01 lb ai)+ Saf-T-Side Oil (1%
v/v)
8. RH-9999 20WP (0.20 lb ai) + Triton B-1956 (0.06% v/v)
9. RH-9999 20WP (0.10 lb ai) + Triton B-1956 (0.06% v/v)
10. RH-9999 20WP (0.05 lb ai) + Triton B-1956 (0.06% v/v)
11. Margosan-O 3% (20 ppm ai)
12. Danitol 2.4EC (0.2 lb ai) + Monitor 4EC (0.75 lb ai)
13. Trophy 1EC (0.03 lb ai) + Lorsban 50WP (1.0 lb ai)
14. Foil OF (3 qt product)
15. SN 85292 40SC (0.38 lb ai)

Treatments will be applied weekly on a per acre basis at
200 psi beginning March 21. At least two counts of
crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae of the sweetpotato
whitefly will be made. All plants in each plot will be
inspected weekly beginning one week after transplanting for
geminivirus. The plastic will be marked with paint for
those showing definite symptoms. Fruit will be harvested
at least once. The number and weight of fruit and the
number showing symptoms of IRR will be determined.

Combinations of pyrethroids (ie. Asana XL, Danitol and
Trophy) with organophosphates (ie. Monitor and Lorsban)
have indicated more efficacy against the sweetpotato
whitefly than when applied alone. Previous experiments
have suggested that combining oils with insecticides may
improve their activity against the whitefly. RH-9999 is
a neem product and will be compared with the commercial
neem product Margosan-O. Neem has demonstrated efficacy
in previous laboratory and greenhouse trials. Foil is a
flowable oil formulation of Bacillus thurinqiensis strains
and SN 85292 is an insect growth regulator that have
indicated efficacy previously.









EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL TRAP CROPS FOR THE SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Crops:


Block B, Land 15; transplanted March 28

Evaluate selected horticultural crops for potential as trap
crops for management of the sweetpotato whitefly.


Tomato, cv. Sunny
Eggplant, cv. Blackbell
Okra, cv. Hybrid Annie Oakley
Sunflower, cv. Teddy Bear
Squash, cv. Dixie
Collards, cv. Georgia Southern or Creole


Operation:


Summary:


Dipel 2X will be applied twice weekly for control of
armyworm larvae. Every two weeks, 10 leaves will be
collected from each plot. Fifty cm2 disks will be cut from
each, placed in FondaTM ice cream cartons and held for adult
emergence. The numbers of adult sweetpotato whiteflies
and whitefly parasites will be counted. Each plot will be
examined periodically for predators of the sweetpotato
whitefly. Every week, all plants will be examined for
geminivirus and marked.

The crops are being evaluated as potential trap crops for
the sweetpotato whitefly and as in-field sources of natural
enemies of the whitefly. Laboratory studies have indicated
that the order of ovipositional preference of the
sweetpotato whitefly is as follows: eggplant > squash >
tomato > cucumber > bean > okra. Preliminary observations
in the field suggest that a greater percentage of whitefly
parasites were observed on eggplant than on the other
crops. Laboratory trials suggest that the tomato
geminivirus is not transmitted to eggplant or okra by the
whitefly.









EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE PEPPER WEEVIL PHEROMONES


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Treatments:





Operation:






Summary:


Block B, north half of Land 15

To evaluate the attractiveness to adult pepper weevils of
volatile chemicals extracted from male weevil adults and
from damaged pepper plants.

Bell pepper, cv. Jupiter; transplanted March 8


Control
Extract
Pepper
Pepper
Pepper
Weevil


(hexane w/BHT)
of damaged pepper plants
weevil extracts 1 and 2
weevil extract 3
weevil extracts 1, 2, and
extracts 1, 2, and 3 + pl


3
ant extract


Six boll weevil traps will be placed at about the top of
the plant canopy about 10-12 ft apart. Vial caps
containing 10 m of the various extracts will be randomly
assigned to the traps. After 24-48 hrs, the number of
weevils captured will be determined and the position of the
traps changed to overcome possible location affects in the
field. Captured adults will be sexed.

Previous studies have suggested that adult males of the
pepper weevil produce volatile chemicals (pheromone) that
attract both sexes of the pepper weevil. If such an
aggregation pheromone system could be identified for this
pest, it could be used to detect infestations earlier and
to monitor population development. This information could
lead to improved management of the weevil. Preliminary
results suggest that some of the weevil extracts are
attractive.









IMPACT OF BIOREGULATORS ON IRREGULAR RIPENING OF TOMATO


D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


CroD:


Treatments:



Operation:







Summary:


Block B, NE end of Land 15


To investigate the possibility of using bioregulators to
overcome external and internal irregular ripening
(incomplete ripening or colorization) of tomato fruit.


Tomato, cv. Better Boy, transplanted March 14

1. Control (0.1% Tween 80)
2. DCPTA 10ppm + OETA 10ppm + 0.1% Tween 80
3. OETA 10ppm + 0.1% Tween 80
4. DCPTA 10ppm + 0.1% Tween 80


Seeds were soaked for 6 hrs, air-dried and planted in trays
on January 25. Plants were set March 14 in a randomized
block design with 4 replicates. Densities of immature
lifestages of the sweetpotato whitefly will be monitored
periodically. Fruit will be harvested in the mature green
stage and placed into paper bags for ripening. Each fruit
will be rated for severity of external and internal
symptoms of irregular ripening.

The bioregulators DCPTA and OETA have been shown in
greenhouse studies to increase vegetative growth and fruit
yield of tomato grown from treated seed. Intensity of red
coloration was also increased which, it is hoped, will
enable plants to overcome, at least in part, the irregular
ripening disorder caused by the sweetpotato whitefly.









TOMATO BACTERIAL WILT SCREENING PROCEDURE

G. C. Somodi, J. W. Scott, and J. B. Jones


Location:

Objective:


Operation:


Block M, Land 1

To determine the most reliable disease screening procedure
to differentiate resistant from susceptible plants.

Tomato, transplanted March 1, 1991

Genotypes
1. Hawaii 7997 resistant
2. Walter susceptible
3. Horizon susceptible jointless tomato used in
'adjacent' treatments


Treatments
1. 108 cfu/ml
2. 108 cfu/ml
3. 107 cfu/ml
4. 10' cfu/ml
5. 106 cfu/ml
6. 107 cfu/ml
7. 108 cfu/ml
8. untreated


wounded (cfu = colony forming units)
unwounded
wounded
unwounded
applied to adjacent plant
applied to adjacent plant
applied to adjacent plant
controls


Seedlings at the cotyledon stage were transplanted to
Speedling trays (1.5" cells). Thirty-two days later a 5
ml suspension of Pseudomonas solanacearum was applied to
the plants in the trays as prescribed by the above
treatments. Treatments 1-4 were applied to Hawaii 7997 and
Walter. Wounding consisted of cutting the roots before
inoculation 1 cm from the plant base by thrusting a knife
straight down into the soil. Treatments 5 to 7 were given
to unwounded Horizon plants. Three days after treatments
were applied, plants were transplanted to the field in a
randomized block design with 10 plants per plot and 4
blocks. The adjacent treatments consisted of planting the
infected Horizon plants 1" from either Hawaii 7997 or
Walter in the plots. Plants were rated for bacterial wilt
on a weekly basis.

We have had problems obtaining reliable screening results
from season to season. When the weather is hot and wet in
the late summer, the disease is so severe that inoculation
methods which work well in the spring overcome the
resistance. In the previous experiment it was shown that
108 cfu was the best concentration for differentiating
H7997 and Walter. The adjacent treatment was the next most
promising. The effect of wounding has not been clear.
This experiment should help in determining the best
treatment to use in the spring and will be compared to fall
experiments.


Summary:









TOUR 3 VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION


PaEe Topic

64 Water Requirements and Crop Coefficients of Tomatoes G. A.
Clark, C. D. Stanley, and A. A. Csizinszky

65 Fully Enclosed Subirrigation Systems G. A. Clark, C. D.
Stanley, and A. A. Csizinszky

66 Slow-Release Nitrogen Sources and Rates for Tomatoes with the
Fully Enclosed Irrigation System A, A. Csizinszky, C. D.
Stanley, and G. A. Clark

67 Potassium Rate and Source Effects on Tomato Yield and Quality -
A. A. Czisinszky

68 Evaluation of Mulch Color for Tomatoes A. A. Csizinszky and
D. J. Schuster

69 Watermelon Microirrigation D. N. Maynard and G. A. Clark

70 Bravo Phytotoxicity on Watermelon Fruit D. N. Maynard

71 Nitrate Movement as Affected by Timing of Application C. D.
Stanley, G. A. Clark, and A. A. Csizinszky









WATER REQUIREMENTS AND CROP COEFFICIENTS OF TOMATOES

G. A. Clark, C. D. Stanley, and A. A. Csizinszky


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Treatments:


Operation:








Summary:


Block L, Land 5

To measure tomato plant water use for developing irrigation
requirements, irrigation scheduling guidelines, and crop
water use coefficients.

Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 4

1. Water table set at 16 inches
2. Water table set at 28 inches

Plants are grown in field lysimeters (containers) which
are connected to a water table level control and drainage
sump. Water is applied daily by microirrigation. Excess
applications are conveyed by the drainage system to a
measurement container. Water table levels are maintained
by a float valve connected to a water reservoir and by a
drainage system to capture excess water. Weekly water
budgets are maintained by measuring all water additions
and subtractions from the system.

The study is currently in progress and results are still
preliminary.









FULLY ENCLOSED SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEM


Location:

Objective:



Crots:

Treatments:


Operation:




Summary:


6. A. Clark, C. D. Stanley, and A. A. Csizinszky


Block M, Lands 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

To evaluate and demonstrate a fully enclosed subirrigation
system for irrigation of field crops by using drip
irrigation tubes rather than field ditches, to convey water
to a field for water table maintenance.

Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 4
Sorghum; seeded March 8

1. Tubes in tomato field row middles set 20 ft apart, on
surface
2. Tubes set on 20 ft centers in sorghum plots at depths
of:
A. 1 inch
B. 6 inches
C. 16 inches

Drip tubes with a water discharge rate of 3 gpm per 1000
ft length are operated to maintain a water table between
16 and 20 inches of the ground surface. The water supply
is filtered and periodically chlorinated to avoid clogging
of the drip emitters.

The study is currently in progress and results are still
preliminary. Previous results indicate water savings of
25 to 40 percent when compared to ditch conveyed semi-
closed subirrigation (seepage). Most water savings result
from the complete reduction of tailwater runoff and from
uniform application of water to the field.









SLOW-RELEASE NITROGEN SOURCES AND RATES FOR TOMATOES
WITH THE FULLY ENCLOSED SEEPAGE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A. A. Csizinszky, C. D. Stanley, and G. A. Clark


Location:

Objective:


Crop:


Treatments:


Block M, Land 3


To evaluate N-rates and combinations of slow-release (SR)
and soluble (N03-N)-N sources for staked fresh-market
tomatoes with the fully enclosed seepage irrigation system.

Tomato, cv. Sunny, transplanted on Feb. 26, 1991


Pint Non.


N-rate
(ib/A)


100
100
100
100

200
200
200
200

300
300
300
300

400
400
400
400


SR:N03-N
(%)


0:100
50:50
70:30
100:0

0:100
50:50
70:30
100:0

0:100
50:50
70:30
100:0

0:100
50:50
70:30
100:0


Phosphorous was applied at 105 Ib/A (P205) for all
treatments. Potassium (K20) was applied at 1N:2K20. Plant
heights and soil temperatures will be measured periodically
during the season, soil and tissue samples for macro and
micronutrient analyses will be collected 4 times. Fruit
quantity and quality will be measured at harvest.
Irrigation is provided by Chapin Cane turbulent tubes
buried near the bed at every 20 ft. Water table is
maintained at approximately 16 inches below the top of the
bed. Water table is monitored by wells installed in the
beds and the amount of irrigation is measured.


Pl _. o No









POTASSIUM RATE AND SOURCE EFFECTS ON TOMATO YIELD AND QUALITY


A. A. Csizinszky


Location:

Objectives:


Block 0, Land 1


To maximize
source.


tomato yield as influenced by K rate and K


Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted March 18, 1991


Treatments:


Plot No


K-source


K rate
(K-O bI/Al


KC1
KC1
KC1
KC1

KN03
KNO3
KNO3
KNO3

K2SO4
K2S04
K2SO4
K2SO4


0 (control)
80
160
240
320

80
160
240
320

80
160
240
320


Nitrogen was applied at 200 Ib/A from NH4NO3 and phosphorous
at 122 Ib/A (P205) from 0-20-0. Experimental design was a
split-plot arranged in a randomized complete block,
replicated four times. Nutrient concentrations in soil and
in leaves will be analysed three times during the season.
Fruits will be analysed for macronutrients, harvest and
firmness and color of ripe fruit will be measured.

A number of studies indicate that some fruit disorders may
be minimized with adequate potassium. However, excessive
K rates may reduce fruit yield and quality. The
information gained from this study should provide data for
K sources and rates for maximizing tomato yields.


Crop:


Summary:









EVALUATION OF MULCH COLOR FOR TOMATOES

A. A. Csizinszky and D. J. Schuster


Location:

Objective:


Block P, Land 6


To evaluate the effect of various
tomato yields and insect control.


mulch colors have on


Crop:


Treatments:





Operation:











Summary:


Tomato, cv. Sunny, transplanted Feb. 13, 1991

1. Black
2. Yellow (+Natur-L cotton seed oil on plastic)
3. Yellow
4. Orange (+Saf-T-Side petroleum-based oil on plants)
5. Orange
6. Aluminum

Black polyethylene (1.5 mil) was sprayed with oil-based
paints as indicated above. Color treatments were arranged
in a randomized complete block, replicated 4 times. Soil
temperature and plant growth will be measured periodically.
Number of geminivirus infected plants will be taken weekly.
At harvest, fruits from plants that developed geminivirus
symptoms on the same date, will be picked separately from
each treatment, and graded for size. Insect populations
will be monitored throughout the season. Plants will be
sprayed against plant pathogens and with Bacillus
thuringiensis preparation against larvae of LeDidopterous
insects on a preventive basis.

In spring when geminivirus infection was not observed,
plants on black control and aluminum mulches had the
highest yields. In fall, when geminivirus affected the
plants, symptom development was delayed by orange mulch
(with or without oil). Yields in 1989 fall were best with
orange color, but in 1990 fall, yields were best with the
yellow mulch.









WATERMELON MICROIRRIGATION

D. N. Maynard and G. A. Clark


Location:

Objective:


Planted:

Fertilizer:


Fumigation:

SDacina:

Treatments:


Varieties:




Operation:


Block L, Lands 9, 10, and 11

To determine the effects of three rates of water
application on yields and fruit quality of five watermelon
varieties.

Direct seeded on 1 March 1991

0-50-0 Ibs N-P205-K20/acre incorporated
160-0-240 Ibs N-P2O,-K20/acre fertigated in a 12-week
application schedule

MC-33, 2.4 lb/100 Ibf

24-inch wide beds on 9 ft. centers; 30 inch in-row spacing

1. 0.3 gpm/100 Ibf
2. 0.5 gpm/100 Ibf
3. 0.65 gpm/100 Ibf

1. Crimson Sweet
2. Picnic
3. Royal Jubilee
4. Sangria
5. Tiger Baby

Watermelons will be harvested at marketable maturity,
counted, weighed individually, assessed for internal
quality, and soluble solids determined.









BRAVO PHYTOTOXICITY ON WATERMELON FRUIT


D. N. Maynard


Location:

Objective:

Treatments:


Block 0, Lands 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

To determine the possible effects
phytotoxicity of watermelon fruit.


Bravo 720


of Bravo 720 on


3 pt./100 gal./acre


1. Full season: 8 weekly applications + 1 application
immediately following first harvest.
2. Full season: 8 weekly applications
3. Full season: 7 days before estimated harvest date
(ehd): 7 weekly applications
4. Full season: 14 days before ehd: 6 weekly applications
5. Full season: 21 days before ehd: 5 weekly applications


Varieties:



Planted:

Fumigation:

Fertilizer:


Spacinq:


Operation:


Crimson Sweet
Royal Jubilee
Sangria
Southern Belle


11 March 1991

MC-33; 3.6 lb/100 Ibf


Incorporated; 0-20-0; 10.3 lb/100 Ibf
Banded; 18-0-25; 13.8 lb/100 Ibf

Beds on 9 ft. centers; in-row spacing
per plot; 30 ft. is plot size.


Phytotoxicity, if it
weight of marketable
determined.


is 3 ft.; 10 plants


occurs, will be rated; number and
and unmarketable melons will be









NITRATE MOVEMENT AS AFFECTED BY TIMING OF APPLICATION

C. D. Stanley, G. A. Clark, and A. A. Csizinszky


Location:

Objective:


Crop:

Irrigation
Tubing:

Treatments:


Block L, Land 1 and 2

To evaluate the effect that the timing of application of
liquid fertilizer during a microirrigation cycle has on
plant uptake and nitrate movement out of the root zone.

Tomato, cv. Sunny; transplanted 5 March 1991


T-Tape, Low-flow (0.33 gal/min/100 ft)

Liquid N and K injected during:


1. 1st 25%
2. 2nd 25%
3. 3rd 25%
4. 4th 25%


Operation:





Summary:


of irrigation
of irrigation
of irrigation
of irrigation


cycle
cycle
cycle
cycle


Duration of irrigation applications are determined by
evaporative demand and plant growth stage and weekly
fertilizer amounts are scheduled according to crop needs.
Soil moisture is monitored using tensiometers. Soil
nutrient distribution is determined periodically throughout
the growing season.

Initial season no data to report at this time.









ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF INDUSTRY SUPPORT FOR THE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
PROGRAMS AT THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER
Bradenton, Florida

The effectiveness of the research and extension programs at the Gulf Coast
Research and Education Center in Bradenton has been greatly enhanced by
the excellent support from various segments of the agribusiness industries
and producers, both locally and nationally. This support, in the form of
financial grants-in-aid, supplies, services, or equipment, supplements
existing state funds and makes each research project at the Center far
more productive than could be realized otherwise. We sincerely appreciate
your participation in these research programs and are pleased to
acknowledge your support.

Listed below are the names of agencies, firms, or individuals who have
contributed significantly to the research programs during the past two
years. We trust that our records are complete and say again, "Thank you
for your confidence."


Abbott & Cobb, Inc.
Abbott Laboratories
A. Duda & Sons, Inc.
Agrisales, Inc.
Agri-Tech Services
Agrolinz Inc.
Agtrol Chemical Products
Allied Colloids
American Takii
Arthur Andres
Artesian Farms
Asgrow-Florida Co.
Asgrow Seed (Upjohn)
BASF Wyandotte Corp.
George Ball Company
Ball Seed
Bates & Sons
Berol Nobel Industries
Boot Hill One
California Asparagus Seed &
Transplants, Inc.
Campbell Soup
Capella Farms
Chapin Watermatics
Chemical Dynamics, Inc.
CIBA-GEIGY
CIL
Cincotta Farms
Cities Service Company
Dover Hardware
Dow Elanco
DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Ecke Poinsettias
Ecogen Inc.
Ellenton Nursery Growers


Feasterville, PA
North Chicago, IL
Oviedo, FL
Plant City, FL
Bradenton, FL
Memphis, TN
Houston, TX
Suffolk, VA
Salinas, CA
Sanford, FL
Ruskin, FL
Plant City, FL
Kalamazoo, MI
Parsippany, NJ
West Chicago, IL
West Chicago, IL
Lake Placid, FL
Stenungsund, Sweden
Holly, MI


Davis, CA
Camden, NJ
Pompano Beach, I
Watertown, NY
Plant City, FL
Greensboro, NC
London, Ontario
Bradenton, FL
Atlanta, GA
Dover, FL
Midland, MI
Wilmington, DE
Encinitas, CA
Langhorne, PA
Ellenton, FL









Elsberry Farms, Inc.
Elsberry Greenhouses
EM Industries
Florida Foundation Seed Producers
Florida Nurserymen & Growers Association
Florida Ornamental Growers Assoc., Inc.
Florida Strawberry Growers Assoc., Inc.
Florida Tomato Committee
Florida Tomato Exchange
Florikan, ESA, Inc.
FMC Corporation
FNGA Manasota Chapter
Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, Inc.
Goldsmith Seed, Inc.
Grace Sierra Horticultural Products
Green Cay Farms
G. C. Grimes Seeds
Happiness Farms, Inc.
Harllee Farms
Harllee-Gargiulo, Inc.
Harris Moran Seed Co.
Helena Chemical
HMS Soil Fumigation, Inc.
Hoechst-Celanese
Hunsader Brothers
ICI Americas, Inc.
ISK Biotech
Kay Mukai Research Foundation
Kennco Manufacturing, Inc.
Koppert B.V.

L&B Farms
Manatee Fruit Company
Melamine Chemicals, Inc.
Merck & Co., Inc.
Micro Flo Comp
Mixon Fruit Farms, Inc.
Monsanto Agricultural Products Co.
Mycogen
Natural Beauty of Florida
NOR-AM Chemical Co.
Nourse Farms, Inc.
Nunhems Seed
Orban's Nursery
Pacific Land Co.
Parkesdale Farms, Inc.
Park Seed Co.
Perfection Farms
Petoseed Co., Inc.
Plants, Inc. of Sarasota
Plants of Ruskin
Producers Fertilizer Co.
Pursell Industries
Rainbow Flowers


Ruskin, FL
Ruskin, FL
Hawthorne, NY
Greenwood, FL
Orlando, FL
Sun City, FL
Plant City, FL
Orlando, FL
Orlando, FL
Sarasota, FL
New York, NY
Sarasota, FL
New York, NY
Gilroy, CA
Milpitos, CA
Delray Beach, FL
Smethport, PA
Lake Placid, FL
Palmetto, FL
Palmetto, FL
Rochester, NY
Tampa, FL
Palmetto, FL
Somerville, NJ
Bradenton, FL
Wilmington, DE
Marietta, GA
Watsonville, CA
Ruskin, FL
Berkel EN Rodenrijs,
The Netherlands
Bradenton, FL
Palmetto, FL
Donaldsonville, LA
Rahway, NJ
Lakeland, FL
Bradenton, FL
Altamonte Springs, FL
San Diego, CA
Apopka, FL
Wilmington, DE
South Deerfield, MA
Lewisville,
Bradenton, FL
Immokalee, FL
Plant City, FL
Greenwood, SC
Bradenton, FL
Saticoy, CA
Sarasota, FL
Ruskin, FL
Palmetto, FL
Sylacauga, AL
Sun City, FL









Reasoner's Tropical Nurseries, Inc.
Reliable Peat
Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Co.
Rogers NK Seed Company
Rohm & Haas Company
Royal Sluis, Inc.
Sakata Seed America, Inc.
San Diego State University
Sandoz Corp.
Scentry Inc.
Schwartz Farms
0. M. Scott & Sons
SHARE Program
Sigma One Corporation
Sizemore Farms, Inc.
S & M Farm Supply
Southern Agricultural Chemicals Co.
Southwest Florida Water Management Dist.
Speedling, Inc.
Albert & Helen Stankie
Strano Brothers, Inc.
Sun Country Produce
T-Systems Corp.
Taylor & Fulton Greenhouses
Taylor & Fulton Packing House
Todd International
Uniroyal Chemical Company
United Agric. Products
Universal Enterprises
Unocal Chemical
USDA-US-Israel Binational Agric. Res.
& Development Fund (BARD)
USDA-New Crops Program
USDA-Tropical & Subtropical Agri.
USDA-Horticultural Sci. Institute
Valent U.S.A. Corp
Vandenburg Bulb Co.
Vaughan's Seeds
Westbridge Agricultural Products
West Coast Packing Co.
Whisenant Farms
Williford Farms
Yoder Brothers


Oneco, FL
Orlando, FL
New Brunswick, NJ
Gilroy, CA
Philadelphia, PA
Salinas, CA
Morgan Hill, CA
San Diego, CA
Hanover, NJ
Billings, MT
Sarasota, FL
Marysville, OH
Gainesville, FL
Research Triangle Park, NC
Plant City, FL
Princeton, FL
Rubonia, FL
Brooksville, FL
Sun City, FL
Ft. Pierce, FL
Florida City, FL
San Diego, CA
San Diego, CA
Ellenton, FL
Palmetto, FL
Apollo Beach, FL
Middlebury, CT
Fort Valley, GA
Sarasota, FL
Sacramento, CA

Beltsville, MD
Beltsville, MD
Washington, DC
Beltsville, MD
Tucker, GA
Chester, NY
Downers Grove, IL
San Diego, CA
Palmetto, FL
Parrish, FL
Ruskin, FL
Alva, FL









(\ .:T 4 92*'' LAELAND
.275. 9 q4 2': "'r PLANT CITY
,m;'p a + .O.
1 1 e A ion a. on 57 0 ER



175
........... ,.


19

.EX I. ** 301
Big Bend
ST. PE ER Rd. 3010

B A Y 0 64
Mante Ave. Morgan-Johnson
GULF KI Ii4





S 19 DNTOBRADENTON FLORIDA
0 F 275 41 41 Bus.301 hop Rd.
7jUL ONECO







So1 INCH =5 MILES
I01 LOCATION OF G. C It E. C.
Sarasota Bradenton
A. Airport BRADENTON FLORIDA
SA 1 INCH= 5 MILES
iV--^ T
i ^** = "






Gulf Coast
Research and Education Center
Bradenton, Florida


Vegetable


Field Day


11 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA


James Davidson, dean for research
John Woeste, dean for extension
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida

Printing Credits: Editorial Department, IFAS
University of Florida
Gainesville




Note: The information contained in this report is a summary of experimental results
and should not be used as recommendations for crop production. Where trade
names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied.