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Agenda | |
Table of Contents | |
Introduction | |
History of AREC - Bradenton | |
Current list of program leader... | |
Facilities of AREC - Bradenton | |
Research | |
Acknowledgement | |
Map: location of AREC |
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Front Cover
Front Cover Title Page Title Page Agenda Page i Table of Contents Page 1 Page 2 Introduction Page 3 History of AREC - Bradenton Page 4 Current list of program leaders Page 5 Page 6 Facilities of AREC - Bradenton Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Research Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Acknowledgement Page 46 Page 47 Map: location of AREC Page 48 |
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~ 1"'" rC/ i~ci~. f Vegetable Field Day May 19, 1983 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Bradenton AREC Research Report BRA 1983 9 Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton, Florida -.< * Agricultural Research & Education Center Bradenton, Florida 35th Vegetable Field Day May 19, 1983 J. P. JONES, G. A. MARLOWE,JR. & W. E. WATERS, EDITORS PRINTING: Editorial Dept., IFAS University of Florida Gainesvllle, Florida Bradenton AREC Research Report BRA 1983-9 Agricultural Research and Education Center, Bradenton 35th Vegetable Field Day Program Field Day Coordinators John Paul Jones and George A. Marlowe, Jr. Thursday, May 19, 1983 Moderator: R. M. Aalberg, Manatee County Extension Director 8:45 AM Assembly and Registration 9:15 Welcome and Introduction . .. W. E. Waters, Center Director 9:25 Extension Service in Florida Today J. T. Woeste, Dean for Extension 9:40-12:00 noon Research Highlights by the Research and Extension Faculty 9:40 Fusarium Diseases of Tomato J. P. Jones 9:50 Tomato Breeding Update J. W. Scott 10:00 Solarization and Broad Spectrum Soil Fumigants A. J. Overman 10:10 Magnesium, Plant Nutrition and Disease Development S. S. Woltz 10:20 Bacterial Diseases of Tomato J. B. Jones 10:30 Leafminer Research on Tomato D. J. Schuster 10:40 Coffee Break Moderator: Luther Rozar, Sarasota County Extension Director 10:55-11:55 Continuation of Research Highlights 10:55 Weed Control Programs for Vegetables J. P. Gilrea 11:05 Vegetable Variety Evaluation T. K. Ho 11:15 Tomato Nitrification Retardants and Trickle Irrigation of Cole Crops A. A. Csizinsz 11:25 Water Requirements for Vegetables C. D. Stanl 11:35 Drip Irrigation of Tomatoes S. P. Kova 11:45 Stability of Root Environments Using Seepage and Trickle Irrigation C. M. Geralds 12:00 noon 1:15PM Dutch treat picnic box lunch under the oaks at AREC-Bradenton 1:30 4:00 Tour of research plots AREC-Bradenton Moderators: P. Gilreath, Manatee Co. Extension Agent R. Wilder, Hillsborough Co. Extension Agent G. A. Marlowe, Jr. Extension Vegetable Specialist th we ky ey ch on 4:00 Adjourn TABLE OF CONTENTS Schedule of Activities ........................................................ i Table of Contents ........ ............................... ............. ... 1 Introduction .................................................................. 3 History of the AREC-Bradenton ................................................. 4 Current List of Program Leaders ............................................... 5 Facilities of the AREC-Bradenton .............................................. 7 Guide to Field Plots at AREC-Bradenton ...................................... 9 FIELD TOUR: P. Gilreath, Manatee County Extension Agent R. J. Wilder, Hillsborough County Extension Agent G. A. Marlowe, Jr., Vegetable Crops Extension Specialist TOUR STOPS: #1 Evaluation of Heat Tolerant Tomato Inbreds .............................. 10 (J. W. Scott) #2 Parthenocarpy in Tomato ........................................................ 11 (W. L. George and J. W. Scott) #3 Sweet Corn, Sweet Pepper and Cauliflower Variety Trials ................... 12 (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) #4 Cherry Tomato and Fresh Market Tomato Variety Trials .................... 15 (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) #5 Soil Fumigation for Verticillium Wilt of Tomato ........................... 17 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) #6 Insecticides on Tomato .................................................... 18 (D. J. Schuster) #7 Tank Mixes of Bacillus thuringiensis and Copper ......................... 19 (D. J. Schuster and J. B. Jones) #8 Insecticides on Bell Pepper ........................................ ..... 20 (D. J. Schuster) #9 Tomato Nematicide Trials ......................................... .... 21 (A. J. Overman and D. J. Schuster) #10 Insect Resistance in Tomatoes ............................................. 22 (D. J. Schuster and J. W. Scott) #11 Pickleworm Resistance in Cantaloupe ..................................... 23 (D. J. Schuster) #12 Evaluation of Row Spacing and Bed Height on Vegetable Yield .............. 24 (C. M. Geraldson) #13 N-Serve and Nutrient Spray Experiments .................................. 25 (A. A. Csizinszky) #14 Water Conservation System for Seep Irrigation ........................... 27 (C. D. Stanley and J. W. Prevatt) #15 Fumigants and Soil pH Adjustment for Control of Fusarium Diseases ......... 28 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) -1- #16 Genetic Tolerance to Fusarium Race 3 .................................. 29 (J. W. Scott and J. P. Jones) #17 Tomato Herbicides and Sencor Movement ................................. 30 (J. P. Gilreath) #18 Herbicides for Cucumber, Cabbage and Collard ........................... 32 (J. P. Gilreath) #19 Herbicides for Unmulched Tomato, Pepper and Squash ...................... 35 (J. P. Gilreath) #20 Fungicides on Tomato and Pepper ......................................... 38 (J. P. Jones) #21 Fertilizer and Lime Effects on Bacterial Leaf Spot of Tomato ............. 39 (J. B. Jones, J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz) #22 Bactericides for the Control of Foliar Diseases of Tomato ................ 40 (J. B. Jones) #23 Trickle Irrigation Experiments with Tomatoes ........................... 41 (S. P. Kovach, A. A. Csizinszky and C. D. Stanley) #24 Soil Fumigation via Drip Irrigation and Standard Shanks .................. 43 (A. J. Overman) #25 Tomato Production with Trickle Irrigation .............................. 44 (C. M. Geraldson) #26 Trickle Irrigation Experiments with Tomatoes ............................. 45 (A. A. Csizinszky and C. D. Stanley) Acknowledgement of Industry Support for the Research Programs at the Agricultural Research & Education Center, Bradenton, Florida ............. 46 Location of the AREC-Bradenton ............................... Inside Back Cover INTRODUCTION On behalf of the faculty and staff, I extend to each of you a most cordial welcome to the Agricultural Research and Education Center at Bradenton. This Center was initiated in 1925 as a one-man operation in Palmetto and the first ornamental programs began about 17 years later. This Center, with affiliated Agricultural Research Centers located in Dover and Immokalee, Florida, is a Research and Education unit of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. In Bradenton we have four Extension Specialists and 16 state research scientists from various disciplines of training who participate in all phases of vegetable, ornamental horticultural and agronomic programs. Each research scientist also holds an affiliate appointment with his subject matter depart- ment at the University of Florida. This interdisciplinary team approach, combining several research disciplines and a wide range of industry and faculty contacts, often is more productive than could be accomplished with limited investments in independent programs. The Center mission is to develop and disseminate new scientific knowledge on vegetable, ornamental and agronomic crops in Florida, so that agriculture remains efficient and economically competitive with other geographic areas of the world. Program areas of emphasis include: (1) genetics, breeding and varietal development, (2) biological, chemical and mechanical pest management, (3) production efficiency, culture, management and environmental stress, (4) solar energy, energy conservation techniques and alternate energy sources, (5) mechanization, harvesting and handling, (6) production quality, safety and utilization and post-harvest physiology of horticultural crops, (7) air, water and land management, (8) water utilization, conservation and management, (9) advancement of the basic knowledge in disciplines, (10) student advisement and teaching and (11) support of cooperative extension and public service. Information presented in this publication summarizes the active research projects under way this season on vegetable crops. We sincerely appreciate your interest and support of these research programs and continuously solicit your suggestions for improvement and ideas of industry needs from our research and extension programs. Will E. Waters Center Director HISTORY OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON The Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton originated in the fall of 1925 with construction of the Tomato Disease Laboratory. Tomato Disease Laboratory: In 1925, a 20-acre tract of county-owned property in Palmetto was made available with the cooperation of the Manatee County Board of Commissioners with money and equipment supplied by local growers. The primary objective of the laboratory was to formulate a control of nail- head spot of tomatoes. Later studies emphasized the breeding for resistance to Fusarium wilt and the control of tobacco mosaic on tomatoes. In 1937, with the expansion of the vegetable industry in Manatee County and surrounding areas, the state legislature authorized new facilities for the research program. Vegetable Crops Laboratory: In August 1938, the Manatee County Commissioners donated 80% of the purchase price of a 106-acre tract of land on the east side of Bradenton. This expanded program led to the establishment of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory. Following this relocation, horticultural, entomological and soil studies were initiated on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, sweet corn and other vegetables. Since the laboratory was located in the gladiolus growing area, the scope was further broadened in 1942 to include disease problems confronting gladiolus growers. Gulf Coast Experiment Station: In March 1951 at a meeting of the State Board of Control, the Vegetable Crops Laboratory was given the status of a branch station and was renamed the Gulf Coast Experiment Station. Investigations were then initiated dealing with chemical weed control, nematodes and other soil- borne pests. The ornamental phase was broadened to include chrysanthemums and other commercial cut flowers. In the late 1950's it became apparent that the facilities on the outskirts of Bradenton were no longer adequate for the research program. In 1959 a 200-acre tract of land was acquired eight miles east of Bradenton. All of the vegetable experimental field programs were moved to this new location. In 1965, upon completion of the construction of office and laboratory facilities, farm buildings, greenhouses and a residence, all research programs were con- ducted on this new land. Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton: In 1971 the Gulf Coast Experiment Station was renamed the Agricultural Research and Education Center to emphasize the programs of both research and education. Active programs are in process on production problems associated with vegetables and ornamentals grown in the sandy soil of Florida. AREC-Bradenton has administrative and research supervision over two satellite stations: ARC-Immokalee (formerly the South Florida Field Laboratory) and ARC-Dover (formerly the Strawberry and Vegetable Field Laboratory). The former center specializes in vegetable nutrition and culture, etiology and control of diseases and pasture research, while the latter is the hub of straw- berry research in Florida, including breeding, horticultural and pathological studies. CURRENT LIST OF PROGRAM LEADERS, APPOINTMENT DATE, AND AREA OF SPECIALIZATION Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton, Florida Waters, Will E., 1960, Horticulturist and Center Director. Administration, soil and plant nutrition, and ornamental horticulture. Chambliss, C. G., 1976, Extension Agronomist. Develop extension educational programs and cooperative research programs on forage production for south Florida. Csizinszky, A. A., 1976, Assoc. Horticulturist, Production systems, crop management and post-harvest studies of vegetable crops. Engelhard, A. W., 1966, Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops. Geraldson, C. M., 1951, Soils Chemist. Soil nutritional problems and their relationship with cultural methods for vegetable production. Gilreath, J. P., 1981, Asst. Horticulturist. Weed control of vegetable and ornamental crops. Harbaugh, B. K., 1975, Assoc. Ornamental Horticulturist. Systems for production, harvesting, and marketing of ornamental crops. Howe, T. K., 1979, Senior Biologist. Variety evaluation for ornamental and vegetable crops. Jones, J. B., 1981, Asst. Plant Pathologist. Ecology and control of bacterial disease of ornamental and vegetable crops. Jones, J. P., 1958, Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of disease of vegetable crops. Kovach, S. P., 1982, Extension Water Specialist. Plan and implement extension programs dealing with water requirements, water use efficiency and water quality of commercial vegetable, ornamental and other crops of south Florida. Marlowe, G. A., Jr., 1975, Extension Vegetable Specialist. Develop extension education programs and cooperative research on vegetable crops of southwest Florida. Overman, A. J., 1945, Nematologist. Etiology and control of nematode problems on ornamentals and vegetables. Prevatt, J. W., 1979, Extension Farm Management Economist. Develop extension farm management educational programs in agriculture and cooperative research on production economics of vegetable and ornamental crops. Price, J. F., 1978, Asst. Entomologist. Identification, biology and control of insects and mites of ornamental and strawberry crops. -5- Schuster, D. J., 1975, Assoc. Entomologist. Identification, biology and control of insects and mites of vegetable crops. Scott, J. W., 1981, Asst. Geneticist. Tomato variety development and genetics of characters related to tomatoes. Stanley, C. D., 1979, Asst. Soil Scientist. Soil-water relations for ornamental and vegetable crops. Wilfret, G. J., 1969, Geneticist. Breeding and development of new varieties of cut flowers and other ornamental crops. Woltz, S. S., 1953, Plant Physiologist. Physiology disorders and diseases of vegetable and ornamental crops. Burgis, D. S., 1946, Horticulturist. Emeritus. Vegetable production, weed control and growth regulators. Magie, R. 0., 1945, Plant Pathologist. Emeritus. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops with emphasis on gladiolus flower and corm diseases. Agricultural Research Center Dover, Florida Albregts, E. E., 1967, Soils Chemist. Center administration, production, soil and plant nutrition of strawberry and vegetable crops. Howard, C. M., 1967, Plant Pathologist. Strawberry breeding and etiology and control of strawberry and vegetable diseases. Agricultural Research Center Immokalee, Florida Everett, P. H., 1958, Soils Chemist. Center administration, soil and plant nutrition, production and variety development of vegetable crops. FACILITIES IN 1982 OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER, BRADENTON The Research and Education Center, Bradenton, has developed excellent new facilities since 1965. Each scientist has available office, laboratory, greenhouse, and field areas as well as field and laboratory technicians to support his research programs. The research facilities consist of 200 acres of sandy soil located at the main Center, 42 buildings containing 33 offices, a library, 11 laboratories, 1 headhouse, 16 greenhouses, 12 storage buildings, 8 walk-in cold rooms, 2 large saran ranges for ornamental plants, a maintenance shop, 4 irrigation wells, and a fleet of vehicles and tractors. The list below is a numerical key to facilities shown in the photograph on the adjacent page. KEY TO FACILITIES State Building Name Buildinq # Numerical Key State Building Name Buildinq # Office and Laboratories Ornamental Saran House Sawtooth Greenhouse Chemical Storage Building Nematology Greenhouse Ornamental Greenhouse Entomology-Solar Greenhouse Tomato Breeding Greenhouse Ornamental Research Saranhouse Plant Production House Farm Storage Building Speedl ing Greenhouse Soil and Media Storage Aluminum Storage Building Irrigation Storage Building Fumigant Storage Building/ Tomato Processing Shed Pesticide Storage Building Tomato-Genetics Greenhouse Air Fumigation Greenhouse Soil Sterilization Building Herbicide Greenhouse Plant Physiology Greenhouse 7601 7616 7644 7629 7647 7628 7635 7636 7626 7625 7633 7630 7643 7638 7640 7639 7609 7610 7632 7631 7611 7637 Ornamental Genetics Greenhouse Horticultural Greenhouse Entomology Greenhouse Plant Pathology Greenhouse Portable Greenhouse Headhouse Laboratories, Cold Room, Offices Tomato Disease Screening Greenhouse Potting Shed and Implement Shelter Lawn Shed Location Farm Equipment Building Farm Maintenance Graduate Student Mobile Home Graduate Student Mobile Home Educational Pavilion Bulb Handling Building Equipment Storage Building Open Equipment Building Residence Security Trailer Location Insect Rearing Chamber Numerical Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 7627 7613 7614 7615 7042 7624 7642 7623 7605 7604 7634 7645 7641 7621 7607 7646 7602 _ I I dI -o .' .,> J N. .- : r ~ .-e J .!1 1- r 'C3L~-~li'.- ~. T-~~IP~a~iYCI C-(*T)IYI -- -~ac~rc. c- ..: ~Pt !:t~~l 44 p" '4F *uJ 9g' VI z-~ r 5+3. _L _______ P~pp" - .~I--- ,Yldlll r 11^-mir EDL 1ri sL.h.buld ings -L gr' eenTiouses -' ********* ************** L-W L I____ Planted pines *** ** ***** *** GUIDE TO FIELD PLOTS AT AREC-BRADENTON O [] IJ-w ILake ***** Sawtooth GH TOUR STOP #1 EVALUATION OF HEAT TOLERANT TOMATO INBREDS Location: Purpose: Crop: Field Set: Treatment: Operation: Summary: Block A, Land 11 (J. W. Scott) Breeding work in this land involves evaluation of heat tolerant inbreds to be selected for inclusion in summer trials in Bradenton and Homestead for possible breeding line release. F2 generations segregating male-steriles also are being selected for further crossing. Tomatoes February 21, 1983 25 heat tolerant inbreds 18 F2's segregating male-steriles Normal fumigation, fertilization, fungicide and insecticide programs will be carried out. Late in the crop, fungicides will be dropped to insure selection pressure for gray leafspot and early blight. Heat tolerant lines under consideration for breeding line release have fruit size greater than the Taiwanese source of heat tolerance plus various combinations of resistance to fusarium wilt, vericillium wilt, and gray leafspot. Many have jointless stems and improved firmness as well. The male-steriles are being selected for improved fruit color or parthenocarpy in addition to flower types conducive to cross pollination without emasculation. Selected steriles are being used in an ongoing backcross program with the eventual goal of having commercially acceptable lines for release to breeders to use for hybrid seed production. -10- TOUR STOP #2 PARTHENOCARPY IN TOMATO Location: Purpose: Experiment 1: (Land 13) Experiment 2: (Land 12) Breeding Lines: Operation: Summary: Block A, Lands A 12 and A 13 (W. L. George and J. W. Scott) To breed tomatoes with improved fruit setting ability and fruit quality when grown under environmental stresses using par- thenocarpy (seedless fruit production). To study the improvement of fruit setting and fruit quality by combining genes for parthenocarpy and heat/cold tolerances. To study the effect of plant size as controlled by pruning on the expression of parthenocarpy in tomato. Several breeding lines combining genes for seedless fruit production, ability to set fruit in adverse environments, and various plant growth habits are in the experiment. Plants field set on February 18. Sprayed weekly for general maintenance. Yield data are being taken on the number and weight of seedless and seeded fruits. Fruit quality, par- ticularly puffiness, is being evaluated. Normally, the tomato plant produces seeded fruit after pollination and fertilization of the flowers. However, these processes depend on narrow environmental limits. Most current varieties only set fruit when grown in a narrow range of night temperatures (590 to 70u F). Also, when fruits do set in adverse environments, fruit quality is often inferior because of poor pollination. Parthenocarpic tomatoes can set fruit naturally without seeds. They have the remarkable ability to produce seedless fruits with complete locule fill. We are studying this trait with the idea of breeding tomato varieties with improved fruit setting and improved fruit quality, particularly in stress environments. -11- TOUR STOP #3 SWEET CORN VARIETY TRIAL Block A, Land 13A (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To evaluate super-sweet sweet corn varieties for in west-central Florida. yield and quality Super-sweet sweet corn (sh2 sh2) February 17, 1983 1. Florida Staysweet 2. AVX 2519 3. SX 639 4. SX 1969 5. SX 1009 6. Northern Super Sweet 7. Sugar Sweet 8. Extra Early (Early Extra Sweet) 9. Sweet Time 10. Extra Sweet 82 11. Summer Sweet 7200 12. Summer Sweet 7800 Operation: Plants spaced on 12 inch centers in double rows. Beds spaced on 4.5 foot centers. Plants sprayed with insecticide once a week prior to silk and twice a week after silk. Fungicide applied twice a week. Harvests will be made appropriate to varietal maturity. Summary: Cultivars will be evaluated for total yield, ear characteristics (raw number, ear length, ear diameter and husk extension), stalk height and plant stand. -12- Location: Crop: Set: Entries: TOUR STOP #3 SWEET PEPPER VARIETY TRIAL Location: Block A, Land 14 (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To evaluate commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines for yield and quality in west-central Florida. Crop: Sweet (Bell) Pepper Set: February 17, 1983 Entries: Replicated Trial: 1. Bell Boy 2. Better Belle 3. Big Bertha 4. Hybelle 5. Lady Bell 6. Pro Bell 7. Early Cal Wonder Observational Trial: ACX 824705 NCX 4012 NCX 4016 ACX 828428 Greene Belle NCX 4014 NVH 3050 ACX 828434 P-7118 Operation: Bell Tower Big Bell Resistant Florida Giant Ma Bell NV-3101 Crispy Hybrid Keystone Resistant Giant NCX 4018 Wonder Belle NCX 4013 ACX 824701 Annabelle Clovis Espadon ACX 828426 AYFR Plants spaced 12 inches apart within and between double rows. Bed spaced on centers of 4.5 feet. Plants sprayed twice weekly with fungicide and once a week with insecticide for general maintenance. Multiple harvests will be made to evaluate number, weight and size of green fruit. Summary: All varieties will be evaluated for marketable yield, harvest interval, earliness, production per plant and other horticultural characteristics. -13- TOUR STOP #3 CAULIFLOWER VARIETY TRIAL SPRING PHASE OF 1982-83 SEASON Location: Block A, Land 14A (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To evaluate commercial cauliflower varieties for yield and quality in west-central Florida. Crop: Cauliflower Set: February 17, 1983 Entries: Replicated Trial: 1. Christmas White 2. Corvilia 3. Danova 4. Igloo 5. Junal 6. Parma 7. Selection 174 8. Self Blanche 9. Self Blanche Improved 10. Snow Crown 11. Snow Diana 12. Snowflower 13. Snow King 14. Snow King 65 15. Snow Queen 16. Starlight 17. Tropical 55 Days 18. White Fox 19. White Rock 20. White Summer 21. White Top Observational Trial: Forty-eight single plot entries. Operation: Plants spaced 16 inches apart in a single row per bed. Beds on 4.5 foot centers. Plants sprayed twice a week with fungicide and once a week with insecticide. Harvest will be made as individual curds mature. Summary: Varieties will be evaluated for marketable yield and curd characteristics (size, weight, quality). -14- TOUR STOP #4 CHERRY TOMATO VARIETY TRIAL Location: Block A, Land 15A-east (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To evaluate commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines for yield and quality in west-central Florida. Crop: Cherry tomato Set: February 17, 1983 Entries: Replicated Trial: 1067 Red Cherry Large Sweet 100 Cherry Grande 814688-SBK breeding line 823280-1 breeding line 823203-1 breeding line Observational Trial: OBI. OB2. OB3. OB4. OB5. OB6. 087. OB8. 088. OB9. OB10. OB11. 0B12. 0B13. 0B14. AVX-7093 AVX-7094 Red Cherry Small Sweetie Small Fry VFN 823232 823236 3307-1 3311-1 4457-1 4461-1 3276-1 3286-1 820566 Operation: Plants spaced 24 inches apart within single rows. Beds spaced on 4.5 foot centers. Plants sprayed twice weekly with fungicide and once a week with insecticide for general maintenance. Multiple harvests of red-ripe fruit will be made to evaluate yield and quality. Summary: All varieties will be scrutinized for fruit quality (shape, firmness, gel color), yield and earliness. -15- TOUR STOP #4 FRESH MARKET TOMATO VARIETY TRIALS Block A, Lands 15 and 15A-west (T. K. Howe and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To evaluate commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines of tomato for yield and quality in west-central Florida. Crop: Fresh market tomato Set: February 17, 1983 Entries: Replicated Trial: Sunny Duke FTE 12 Hayslip Flora-Dade Walter PF 7065-ESBK 7060-ESBK 7045-EBK 7025-ISBK 7061-ESBK 7057-TSBK Hybrid 58 Corda Independence D76121 Fla 1A Fla 1B 7090-12 7097 7094 (ACE 8212) Observational Trial: to be harvested. Operation: Forty-nine entries, single plot entries, not Plants spaced 24 inches apart within single rows. Beds spaced on centers of 4.5 feet. Plants sprayed twice weekly with fungicide and once a week with insecticide for general maintenance. Multiple harvests will be made to evaluate number and weight of size-graded mature green fruit. Summary: All varieties will be scrutinized for earliness, total yields, large fruit yields and fruit characteristics. Location: TOUR STOP #5 Location: Purpose: Crop: Temperature at Treatment: Treatments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Operation: Summary: SOIL FUMIGATION FOR VERTICILLIUM WILT OF TOMATO Block C, Land 3 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) To evaluate efficacy of soil fumigants for control of Verticillium wilt and nematodes. Tomato cv. 'Tempo' Tomato cv. 'Walter' Soil 4" deep: 60F Air: 64F Fumigant Percentage Broadcast Rate Control MBC 98/2 300 Ib/A Vorlex 201 25 gal/A Vorlex 201 25 gal/A MBC 67/33 350 Ib/A 1. Fumigants were injected in 3 streams 8 inches apart and 6 inches deep. 2. Each plot was immediately covered with 1.25 mil polyethylene film. 3. Treated March 30 and set with containerized transplants April 13. The test is still in the early stages. No results have been obtained yet. -17- TOUR STOP #6 INSECTICIDES ON TOMATO Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Block D, Land 10 (D. J. Schuster) To evaluate new insecticides for control of insects, primarily Liriomyza spp., armyworms and stinkbugs. Tomato var. 'Sunny' Material Check (water) Ammo 2.5EC Ammo 2.5EC CGA 72662 75WP CGA 72662 75WP MK 936 0.15EC MK 936 0.15EC MK 936 0.15EC Lorsban 50WP Lorsban 50WP Larvin 3.2F Larvin 80DF Zectran 2EC Zectran 2EC Zectran 2EC DPX H-5249 7.2EC DPX H-5249 7.2EC Lannate 1.8L Lannate 1.8L Cymbush 3EC Cymbush 3EC CGA 72662 75WP + Pydrin 2.4EC Monitor 4EC Lannate 1.8L Lb ai/lO0 Gal -- 0.06 0.04 0.25 0.125 0.01 0.005 0.0025 1.0 0.75 1.0 1.0 0.75 0.5 0.25 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.06 0.04 0.125 + 0.5 0.2 1.0 Operation: Summary: Weekly sprays were begun April 7. During the season, the numbers of total leafmines and those containing living and dead leafmine larvae will be counted on foliage samples. The foliage will be excised and held for leafminers and leafminer parasite emergence. The plots will be harvested 2-4 times and the numbers and propor- tions of fruit damaged by lepidopterous larvae and stinkbugs will be determined. At least 5 plants from each plot will be agitated and the numbers of dislodged insects counted. Only CGA 72662 and MK 936 have demonstrated control of leafminers in recent trials. The pyrethroids, Ammo, Cymbush and Pydrin, the carbamates, Lannate and Larvin, and the organophosphates, Monitor and Lorsban, all have demonstrated control of lepidopterous larvae and, to varying extents, stinkbugs. -18- TOUR STOP #7 Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Operation: Summary: INTERACTION OF TANK'MIXES OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND' COPPER FUNGICIDE-BACTERICIDES Block D, east end Land 9 (D. J. Schuster and J. B. Jones) To evaluate in the field the possible influence of selected copper compounds on the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis for control of lepidopterous larvae. Tomato var. 'sunny' 1. Check (water) 2. Dipel WP (B. thuringiensis) 3. Dipel WP + Kocide 101 4. Dipel WP + Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate 5. Dipel WP + Kocide 101 + Dithane M-45 6. Dipel WP + Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate + Dithane M-45 Treatments were initiated when plants first flowered. At irregular intervals following selected sprays, leaflets from each plot will be excised, placed in plastic cups with moistened filter paper and infested with southern or beet armyworm larvae. Mortality will be determined after 3-4 days. The plots will be harvested 2-4 times and the number and proportion of fruit damaged by lepidopterous larvae will be determined. At least 5 plants from each plot will be agitated and the number of dislodged lepidopterous larvae counted. Numerous fungicide-bactericide compounds were evaluated in the laboratory for their impact on the efficacy of Dipel for inducing mortality of beet armyworm larvae. Of these compounds, Kocide 101 and Tri-Basic Copper Sulfate significantly reduced the efficacy of Dipel. When these laboratory studies were repeated in the field, inconsistent results were obtained. In some trials, the laboratory studies were substantiated, while in others they were not. In a trial completed last fall, combining Kocide 101 with Dipel resulted in significantly more fruit injury. Adding Manzate to the Dipel-copper combinations had no effect. -19- TOUR STOP #8 INSECTICIDES ON BELL PEPPER Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Block D, west end of Land 9 (D. J. Schuster) To evaluate new insecticides for control of insects, principally the pepper weevil, on pepper. Bell pepper var. 'Early Cal Wonder' Material 1. Check (water) 2. Ammo 2.5 EC 3. Ammo 2.5 EC 4. Lorsban 50 WP 5. Cymbush 3 EC 6. Cymbush 3 EC 7. Pay-Off 2.5 EC 8. Pay-Off 2.5 EC 9. Pay-Off 2.5 EC 0. Monitor 4 EC 1. Ambush 2 EC 2. Ambush 2 EC 3. Vydate 2 L 4. Pydrin 2.4 EC Operation: Summary: Lb ai/lO0 Gal 0.06 0.04 1.0 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.04 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 Sprays were not initiated until the plants flowered since pepper weevils primarily attack blooms and small fruit. Barriers were constructed around each plot so that falling fruit could be retrieved. This was done because fruit infested with pepper weevil often abscise prematurely. All fallen fruit and all marketable fruit will be examined for the presence of pepper weevil larvae and adults. Fruit damaged by other insects such as the beet armyworm and stinkbugs also will be noted. Pydrin has consistently resulted in fewer pepper weevil infested fruit in previous experiments. This material has recently been given a Section 18 specific exemption for use on bell pepper against the pepper weevil. Lorsban has also reduced the number of weevil infested fruit but has sometimes reduced overall yield as well. The previous work was done with an EC formulation of Lorsban. The present experiment includes a WP formulation to see if this for- mulation will also reduce overall yield. Monitor and Vydate have been inconsistent in pepper weevil control in small plots. Ammo is a pyrethroid, as is Pydrin, and has provided pepper weevil control in the past. -20- TOUR STOP #9 TOMATO NEMATICIDE TRIALS Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Block D, Land 7 (A. J. Overman and D. J. Schuster) To evaluate the efficacy of Standak compared to Furadan or Nemacur. Tomato cv. 'Duke' Nematicide 1. Control 2. Standak 2.67F 3. Standak 2.67F 4. Furadan 1OG 5. Nemacur 15G Broadcast Rate 2 lb ai/A 3 lb ai/A 16 lb ai/A 6 lb ai/A Method Watered Banded Banded Banded Operation: Summary: 1. Rates per linear foot of bed were calculated to apply the broadcast rate per gross acre of tomatoes, resulting in almost 9 times the rate in the treated area of the bud. 2. Banded applications were applied 8 inches wide on the flat field and a 6 inch high bed was constructed over the band and mulched. 3. Standak applied in transplant water was delivered into the plant hole as .19g material in 4 oz. water. 4. Treated and transplanted March 17. Initial nematode counts prior to treatment indicated a low population of root knot nematode larvae and a moderate population of stubby root nematodes were present. -21- TOUR STOP #10 INSECT RESISTANCE IN TOMATOES Location: Block D, Land 6 (D. J. Schuster and J. W. Scott) Purpose: To continue development of tomato germplasm resistant to the tomato pinworm and Liriomyza spp. leafmihers. Crop: Tomato Entries: 1. PI Nos. 126449 and 134417 are resistant parents (Lycopersicon hirsutum). 2. 'Walter PF', 'Hayslip' and 'Burgis' are susceptible parents (L. esculentum). 3. 072-080 and 180-194 are derivatives of crosses between PI 134417 and L. esculentum. 4. 920 and 940 are derivatives of crosses between PI 126449 and L. esculentum. 5. UF-763292 is a pubescent selection. Operation: Seedlings of all entries were screened in the laboratory first with Liriomyza trifolii and second with the tomato pinworm. All plants, regardless of the screening results, were planted in the field to verify resistance under field conditions. Summary: Both PI 126449 and PI 134417 have been shown to be highly resistant to both Liriomyza leafminers and the tomato pinworm. The derivatives 072-080 and 920 and 940 are from the AREC-Bradenton breeding pro- grams. Derivatives 180-194 were obtained from Dr. W. H. Greenleaf of Auburn University upon his retirement. The 920 and 940 derivatives are resistant to both Liriomyza spp. and the tomato pinworm. The most highly resistant derivatives are also those that most resemble the wild resistant parent. This may ultimately limit their usefulness in a breeding program. UF-763292 has indicated resistance to Liriomyza spp. but is highly susceptible to lepidoptera and stinkbug pests. -22- TOUR STOP #11 ,PICKLEWORM RESISTANCE IN CANTALOUPE Location: Block D, Lands 4 and 5 (D. J. Schuster) Purpose: To continue development of cantaloupe germplasm resistant to the pickleworm. Crop: Cantaloupe Entries: 1. 'Gulfcoast' 2. 'Seminole' 3. PI 140471 4. F2 (Seminole x PI 140471) 5. F2 (Seminole x PI 140471) 6. F2 (PI 140471 x Seminole) 7. F2 (PI 140471 x Seminole) 8. Fl (PI 140471 x Seminole) 9. F2 (PI 140471 x unknown) 10. Fl (PI 140471 x unknown) Operation: Plants are treated weekly with Manzate. Every fruit will be examined at maturation and the numbers of pickleworm larvae and feeding holes will be counted. Summary: The Fl's were evaluated in the field last spring and appeared intermediate in resistance to the pickleworm when compared to the resistant parent, PI 140471, and susceptible parent Seminole. Cuttings were taken from plants which were least infested by pickleworm larvae and which had the best horticultural character- istics. Surviving cuttings were then selfed in the greenhouse. -23- TOUR STOP #12 EVALUATION OF ROW SPACING AND BED HEIGHT ON VEGETABLE YIELD Location: Purpose: Crops: Treatments: Block I (C. M. Geraldson) To evaluate the effect of variations in row spacing and water table depth on root environment stability and yields of vegetable crops using seepage irrigation. Tomatoes (Duke, Sunny) Peppers (Early Cal Wonder) Cantaloupe (Ambrosia) Sweet Corn (Silver Queen) Cauliflower Squash Cucumber All crops were set or planted 2/14 to 4/5 Three replicates No. Row Spacing: 1. 1 row 2. 2 row 3. 7 row Fertilizer: Bed Height: Results: Linear Ft.: 18-0-25/100 ft. 4,840 32 6,450 24 7,260 21 1,500 Ibs/A 18-0-25 500 Ibs/A 0-20-0 + minor elements High 8" Low 6" (Based on past evaluations) 1 row 30 Ibs/plant or 2904 units/A 7 row 27 Ibs/plant or 3920 units/A ($0.69/unit) ($0.76/unit) -24- TOUR STOP #13 Location: Purpose: Cul ti var: Treatments: EXPERIMENTS WITH N SERVE 24E ON TOMATOES Block J, Land 22 (A. A. Csizinszky) Determine the effect of N serve (a nitrification inhibitor) on tomato yields at 4 nutrient levels. Amount of Nutrient lb per 100 linear ft Nutrient level N P205 K20 N serve 1 x 2.0 2.0 3.2 + 1.5 x 3.0 2.0 4.8 + 2 x 4.0 2.0 6.4 + 2.5 x 5.0 2.0 8.0 + 2.5 x control 5.0 2.0 8.0 Nutrients were derived from 18-0-25-2, KNO3 and 13-0-46 (KNO3). N serve, at a rate of 1 quart in 75 gal of water per acre, was sprayed on the banded fertilizer and soil near the band before mulch was laid. Sunny No. Nutrient level N serve 1 2.5 x none (control) 2 1 x + 3 2 x + 4 2.5 x + 5 1.5 x + -25- TOUR STOP #13 NUTRIENT SPRAY EXPERIMENTS WITH GREEN BEANS, GREEN PEPPERS AND TOMATOES Location: Purpose: Cultivars: Nutrient Sprays: Frequency of Application: Rates: Treatments: (Crop and variety) General: Block J, Land 22 (A. A. Csizinszky) Determine the effect of a nutrient enriched seaweed spray on green beans, green peppers and tomatoes. Green beans: Harvester and Provider Green peppers: Early Calwonder and Shamrock Tomatoes: Sunny and Hayslip BM86 (8% BO, 6% MgO and 0.3% Mo) for green peppers and tomatoes MZ63 (6% Mgd, 3% Zn, 2% Mn and 1% Cn) for green beans 3 x for green beans, 4 x for green peppers and 7 x for tomatoes 1. BM86 1.71 pt increasing to 256 pt/A on pepper 2. BM86 2.56 pt/A on tomato 3. MZ63 2.56 pt/A on green bean 1. Green beans, Harvester, non-treated 2. Green beans, Harvester, treated 3. Green beans, Provider, non-treated 4. Green beans, Provider, treated 5. Green peppers, Shamrock, treated 6. Green peppers, Shamrock, non-treated 7. Green peppers, EaCalwonder, treated 8. Green peppers, EaCalwonder, non-treated 9. Tomatoes, Sunny, treated 10. Tomatoes, Sunny, non-treated 11. Tomatoes, Hayslip, treated 12. Tomatoes, Hayslip, non-treated Nutrients applied, Ib per 100 linear ft N P205 K20 Bed mix: 0.77 2.0 2.71 Banded 4.26 Total: 5.03 2.0 Nutrients were derived from 18-0-25-2, (with 80 Ib/ton micronutrients). 6.54 9.25 KNO3, IBDN and 0-20-0 -26- TOUR STOP #14 EVALUATION OF A WATER CONVEYANCE AND RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SEEP IRRIGATION OF ROW CROPS Location: Purpose: Operation: Entire 200 acres of land used for field research (C. D. Stanley and J. W. Prevatt) To evaluate water budget, potential water and energy savings, water quality changes, and management problems associated with the use of this water recovery system. In normal operation, irrigation water for the cultivated land is supplied from a 5-acre holding pond (at approx. 500 GPM) using PVC pipe for distribution. An adequate pond water level is maintained in the holding pond by pumping water from a deep well into it when needed. Once the water has been distributed to the fields, runoff water is channeled into main drainage ditches which empty into two catch basins located on the west side of the center property. Using float switches and electric pumps, the water collected in these catch basins is pumped back into the 5-acre holding pond for reuse. Water quantity measurements are taken at points where: 1) water enters main pond from well 2) water leaves main pond to cultivated plots 3) water is pumped from catch basins to main pond. In addition to these, rainfall and evaporation data are measured to estimate their contribution to the water budget. Water quality measurements are made at several points in the irrigation system to monitor levels of pH, total soluable salts, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus, and potassium in the water. Summary: Past measurements have shown as much as a 60% savings in the amount of water pumped from the deep well source for this recovery system when compared to using a semi-closed conveyance system without recovery of runoff water. About half of this savings came from the return of recovered water and half from natural water seepage into the main holding pond. Data collection continues, but to this point no problems with water quality have been detected. -27- TOUR STOP #15 FUMIGANTS AND SOIL pH ADJUSTMENT FOR CONTROL OF FUSARIUM DISEASES Location: Block L, Lands 1 and 2 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) Purpose: To evaluate efficacy of soil fumigants for control of Fusarium crown rot, Fusarium wilt race 3, and root-knot nematodes at 2 soil pH levels. Crop: Tomato cv. 'Duke' Temperature at treatment: Soil 4" deep: 58/60F Air: 56/64F Treatments: Fumigant % Broadcast rate 1. Control 2. Vorlex 201 30 gal/A 3. Vorlex 201 25 gal/A 4. MBC 67/33 300 Ib/A 5. MBC 98/2 300 Ib/A 6. MBC 98/2 435 Ib/A pH 10. 5.5 6.0 20. 7.5 8.0 Operation: 1) Land 1 was infested with tomato roots infected with Fusarium crown rot and root-knot nematodes. Land 2 was inoculated with Fusarium wilt race 3. 2) Fumigants were injected in 3 streams 8 inches apart and 6 inches deep. 3) Each plot was immediately covered with full-bed mulch 1.25 mil black polyethylene. 4) Treated March 10 and set with containerized transplants March 29. The 5 days delay in planting was due to heavy rain in the area. Summary: High wind on the day the plastic was laid resulted in a loose cover over some of the beds. This prevented emergence of nutsedge through the mulch. The plastic was tightened before planting, but fumigant comparisons for nutsedge control were lost. -28- TOUR STOP #16 GENETIC TOLERANCE TO FUSARIUM RACE 3 Location: Purpose: Crop: Set: Treatments: Block L, Lands 8-9 (J. W. Scott and J. P. Jones) To test the fusarium race 3 tolerance of Australian genetic sources under field conditions. Tomatoes March 9, 1983 Randomized block design with 4 blocks, 10 plants/block of numbers 1-12, 40 plants/block of numbers 13-16. Bonny Best Manapal Hayslip Flora-Dade 629 638 421 472 Operation: Summary: 9. P608 = (Hayslip x 629) F1 10. P611 = (Hayslip x 638) F1 11. P614=(Flora-Dade x 421) F1 12. P596 = (Flora-Dade x 472) Fl 13. P667 = (Hayslip x 629) F2 14. P660 = (C1 11 D x 638) F 15. P663 = (Flora-Dade x 422F 16. P662 = (Flora-Dade x 472) 2 Sulfur was applied to the beds to bring the pH down to 6 to 6.5. Then the beds were fumigated and 11- days later they were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) F. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hans. race 3. Plants were set 2 days later. Normal fertilizer, fungicide and insecticide programs were utilized. The plants are rated at weekly intervals for fusarium wilt symptoms. At the time of this writing (April 7) only Bonny Best is showing disease symptoms. Later data should indicate if the level of fusarium wilt race 3 tolerance from the Australian sources is adequate to prevent the disease under Florida field conditions, and if this tolerance is carried by the F, (hybrid) generation. Analysis of data may elucidate genetic control of fusarium race 3 tolerance. -29- TOUR STOP #17 TOMATO ROW MIDDLE HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Operation: Summary: Block E, Land 5 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate various pre and postemergence control in row middles. Hayslip Rate herbicides for weed Method of Herbicide (Ib ai/A) Application 1. Weedy check 2. Devrinol 2.0 preemergence 3. Sencor 0.5 preemergence 4. Prowl 1.0 preemergence 5. Goal 0.5 preemergence 6. Goal 1.0 preemergence 7. Goal 0.5 early postemergence 8. Goal 1.0 early postemergence 9. Goal + Paraquat 0.5 + 0.5 postemergence (3-4") 10. Goal + Paraquat 1.0 + 0.5 postemergence (3-4") 11. Paraquat 0.5 postemergence 12. Sencor + Paraquat 0.5 + 0.5 postemergence Beds were fumigated with MC-33 and plastic mulch applied Feb. 1. Transplants were set Feb. 21. Preemergence treatments were applied February 24. Preemergence treatments were reapplied March 3 because the middles had to be busted in order to anchor mulch film and over 4 inches of rain had fallen and subjected some treatments to excessive leaching. Postemergence applica- tions have not been made. Weed control and crop vigor will be evaluated twice. All treatments have shown promise in previous experiments. No data is available for this season. -30- TOUR STOP #17 SENIOR MOVEMENT STUDY Location: Objective: Block E, Land 5 (J. P. Gilreath) To determine if the injury observed to mulched tomato transplants in growers' fields is the result of Sencor (metribuzin) moving out of the treated middles and into the bed with the soil water. The experiment was also initially designed to determine the roles of herbicide useage rate and rainfall in the expression of injury. Cultivar: Treatments: Hayslip No. Sencor rate (Ib a.i./A) Water applied to middles (acre inches) Operation: Summary: Beds were fumigated with MC-33 and fertilizer and plastic mulch were applied February 1, 1983. Transplants were set February 21. Sencor treatments were applied to middles February 25. Maintenance sprays are applied twice weekly. Before middles could be protected from rainfall, several inches of rain fell on the treated plots. This was followed by several more inches in a few days, thus eliminating that aspect of the study. Bioassay of soil cores from the beds indicated no toxic residues of Sencor could be detected and no injury to the crop was observed. Plans are to repeat this experiment once evapotranspiration rates are higher. That which you see today may be that experiment. -31- TOUR STOP #18 Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Operation: Summary: CUCUMBER POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDE TRIAL Block E, Land 6 ( J. P. Gilreath) To develop efficacy and phytotoxicity data for three postemergence grass herbicides. Poinsett Rate Method of Herbicide (lb. a.i./A) application 1. Weedy check 2. Hoed check 3. Fusilade + Agridex 0.125 + 1% post 4. Fusilade + Agridex 0.185 + 1% post 5. Fusilade + Agridex 0.25 + 1% post 6. Fusilade + Agridex 0.375 + 1% post 7. Fusilade + Agridex 0.50 + 1% post 8. Poast + Agridex 0.3 + 1% (2 appl.) post 9. Poast + Agridex 0.2 + 1% post 10. Poast + Agridex 0.3 + 1% post 11. Poast + Agridex 0.5 + 1% post 12. DPX-Y6202-7 + X-77 .03 + 0.4% post 13. DPX-Y6202-7 + X-77 .06 + 0.4% post 14. Agridex 1% post Soil was fumigated with EDB February 21. Cucumber seed were planted March 14, 1983. Plants are sprayed twice weekly for general maintenance. Weed control and crop vigor will be evaluated twice. All herbicides will be applied when grasses reach the 2-4 leaf stage. Repeat applications will be made for each flush of grass emergence. Broadleaved weeds will be manually controlled. Plots will be harvested as required. Treatments were applied April 9. In past seasons, Fusilade and Poast have provided excellent control of crabgrass and goosegrass with no injury to cucumber plants. -32- TOUR STOP #18 CABBAGE HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Block E, Land 6 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate Bolero and cabbage. Conquest Hprhicirlp Poast for weed control and toxicity to Rate (Ib a.i./A) Method of aDplication 1. Weedy check 2. Hoed check 3. Poast + Agridex 4. Poast + Agridex 5. Poast + Agridex 6. Poast + Agridex 7. Bolero 0.2 + 1% 0.3 + 1% 0.5 + 1% 0.3 + 1% (2 appl.) 8.0 postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence preemergence Operation: Beds were fumigated with EDB February 21. Bolero was applied March 14, 1983. Transplants were set March 15. Poast was applied April 13. Plants are sprayed twice weekly for general maintenance. Weed control and crop vigor will be evaluated twice. Yield data will be collected. Summary: Although no data have been obtained from this experiment, in previous seasons Bolero has shown promise in cabbage at 4.0 lb a.i./A. The rate was increased to 8 lb. this season to determine crop response. -33- Herbicide- I TOUR STOP #18 COLLARD HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Block E, Land 6 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate Ramrod and in collard. Georgia L. S. Herbicide Poast for weed control and phytotoxicity Rate (lb a.i./A) Method of aDDlication 1. Weedy check 2. Hoed check 3. Ramrod 10.0 4. Ramrod 5. Poast 6. Poast 7. Poast Operation: Summary: 0.3 preemergence 2nd application 30 DAT-directed spray preemergence 2nd application 30 DAT-directed spray postemergence postemergence postemergence Beds were fumigated with EDB February 21, 1983. Collard was seeded March 14 and preemergence treatments were applied immediately after planting. Additional applications of Ramrod will be made 30 and 60 days after the first application as directed sprays. Plants are sprayed twice weekly for general maintenance. Weed control and crop vigor will be evaluated three times. Yield data will be collected. No data has been obtained thus far. -34- (lb a -~i ./A)- TOUR STOP #19 UNMULCHED TOMATO HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Block E, Land 11 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate herbicides grown on open beds. Flora-Dade Herbicide for weed control in injury to tomato Rate (lb. a.i./A) Method of aDDlication 1. Weedy check 2. Hoed check 3. Prowl 4. Prowl 5. Devrinol 6. Poast + Agridex 7. Poast + Agridex 8. Poast + Agridex 9. Poast + Agridex 10. Poast + Agridex 11. Bolero 12. Bolero 0.2 + 1% 0.3 + 1% 0.5 + 1% 0.3 + 1% (2 appl) 0.3 + 1% (3 appl) 4.0 8.0 preplant incorporated preplant incorporated preemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence preemergence preemergence Operation: Summary: Beds were fumigated with EDB. Prowl was applied and incorporated with a power tiller on March 2, 1983. Preemergence treatments were applied March 7. To date this experiment has been replanted 3 times due to wind and rain injury. This particular experiment may be abandoned before this field day. Poastemergence applica- tions will be made when appropriate. If the experiment is con- tinued, weed control, crop injury and yield will be evaluated. Bolero has shown promise in previous trials. Prowl has provided mixed results. Preliminary evaluation of Poast indicated crop tolerance existed and the material provided good grass control. Data from this experiment are not available. -35- TOUR STOP #19 UNMULCHED PEPPER HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Block E, Land 11 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate several pre and postemergence herbicides for weed control and crop toxicity in unmulched peppers. Cultivar: Gator Belle Treatments: Herbicide Rate (Ibs. a.i./A) Method of aoolication Weedy check Hoed check Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Prowl Prowl Devrinol Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex 0.25 + 1% 0.5 + 1% 1.0 + 1% 2.0 + 1% 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.3 + 1% (2 appl.) 0.3 + 1% (3 appl.) 0.2 0.3 0.5 postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence preplant incorporated preplant incorporated preemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence Operation: Summary: Beds were fumigated with EDB February 25, 1983. Prowl was applied and incorporated March 7. Devrinol was applied March 9. Trans- plants were set March 10. The entire planting was reset March 22 due to excessive wind and water damage. Postemergence applica- tions will be made when grass reaches the 2-4 leaf stage. Crop vigor and weed control will be evaluated twice. Fruit will be harvested on a commercial basis and yield data will be recorded. Maintenance sprays will be applied twice weekly. Postemergence treatments were applied April 13. No data have been taken. -36- __ TOUR STOP #19 UNMULCHED SQUASH HERBICIDE TRIAL Location: Objective: Cultivar: Treatments: Block E, Land 11 (J. P. Gilreath) To evaluate Bolero, Fusilade and Poast for toxicity to squash. Early Yellow Summer Crookneck Rate Herbicide (lb. a.i./A) weed control and Method of application Weedy check Hoed check Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Fusilade + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Poast + Agridex Prefar Bolero Bolero 0.125 0.185 0.25 0.375 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.30 5.0 4.0 8.0 + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 1% (2 appl) postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence postemergence preplant incorporated preemergence preemergence Operation: Summary: Beds were fumigated with EDB. Prefar was applied and incorporated with a power tiller March 9, 1983. Squash was seeded March 9 and Bolero was surface applied immediately following planting. Fusilade and Poast were applied over the top April 9 when grass weeds were at the 3-7 leaf stage and the crop was at the 475 leaf stage of development. Plants are sprayed twice weekly for general maintenance. Bolero and Prefar will be evaluated for grass and broadleaf weed control and crop injury while Fusilade and Poast will be evaluated for grass control only and crop injury. Yield data will be collected. No data available. -37- TOUR STOP #20 TOMATO FUNGICIDES Location: Block F, Land 1 (J. P. Jones) Determine efficacy of various blight of tomatoes. fungicides in the control of late Duke tomatoes Treatments: 1. Galben + Mancozeb 2. Galben & Mancozeb 3. Galben + Mancozeb 4. Ridomil MZ58 5. Control 6. San 518F 7. San 518F 8. San 553F 9. San 507 10. San 371 + Bravo 6F 11. Bravo 6F 12. Mancozeb 13. Ridomil 14. San 553F Results: Incomplete 0.8 1.6 0.8 2.0 Rate/100 gal lb + 1.2 schedule lb + 1.2 schedule lb + 1.2 scout lb scout 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.0 lb 2.0 lb 0.2 lb 25 pt 1.5 lb 40 oz 2.0 lb schedule scout schedule scout + 1.5 pt schedule schedule schedule schedule scout PEPPER FUNGICIDES Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Results: Block F, Land 1 (J. P. Jones) Determine efficacy of several commercial fungicides in controlling Phytophthora blight of peppers. Early Cal Wonder pepper Rate/100 gal 1. Bravo 500 2.5 pt 2. Bravo 500 3.0 pt 3. Bravo 500 4.25 pt 4. Ridomil 4.0 oz 5. Captan 4.0 lb 6. Mancozeb 1.5 lb 7. Control -- Incomplete -38- Purpose: Crop: TOUR STOP #21 FERTILIZER AND LIME EFFECTS ON BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF TOMATO Location: Purpose: Treatments: Block F, Land 3 (J. B. Jones, J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz) To develop cultural procedures for reducing bacterial leaf spot. Treatment No. Unlimed Fertilizer Ibs/A K20* MgSO4 CaCI2 1 180 180 0 0 2 180 360 245 0 3 180 180 0 0 4 180 360 245 0 5 180 180 0 0 6 180 360 245 o 7 180 180 0 1,000 8 180 360 245 1,000 19 180 180 0 500 Limed 9 180 180 0 0 10 180 360 245 0 11 180 180 0 0 12 180 360 245 0 13 180 180 0 0 14 180 360 245 0 15 180 180 0 1,000 16 180 360 245 1,000 20 180 180 0 500 *K20 treatments 1-4, 9-12, 19 and 20 were derived from muriate of potash; remainder from sulfate of potash. The severity of bacterial leaf spot disease on tomatoes was reduced in previous experiments by treatments producing lower levels of foliar magnesium. -39- Summary: TOUR STOP #22 BACTERICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF TOMATO Location: Block F, Land 4 (J. B. Jones) Purpose: To determine the effect of several bactericides on bacterial spot of tomato. Treatments: (rate/100 gal) 1. CS81-2 (3 Ibs) + Dithane M45 (1.5 Ib) 2. Cities Service Tribasic (3 Ibs) + M45 (1.5 lb) 3. MRD 300 (2 qt) + M45 (1.5 lb) 4. MRD 350 (2 qt) + M45 (1.5 lb) 5. CoCS WDG (2 Ibs) + Polyram (1.5 lb) 6. CoCS WP (2 Ibs) + Polyram (1.5 lb) 7. Hexide (0.25 qt) 8. Hexide (1.5 qt) 9. Isobac (0.25 qt) 10. Isobac (1.5 qt) 11. K-Maneb (1.5 qt) 12. Komix (2 qt) 13. AR 153844 (2 qt) 14. AR 153844 (2 qt) + M45 15. Control Procedure: 'Sunny' Tomato transplants were planted March 10, 1983. Plants were sprayed March 17 and at weekly intervals thereafter. Disease ratings have not been conducted at this time. Summary: Incomplete -40- TOUR STOP #23 TRICKLE IRRIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH TOMATOES Block G, Land 1 (S. P. Kovach, A. A. Csizinszky, and C. D. Stanley) STUDY 1 To determine the effect of bed height and width on the production of trickle irrigated tomato plants grown under three levels of fertilization. Tomato var. 'Sunny' March 10, 1983 (2 ft. plant spacing) Treatments: Bed Bed ht. wd. No. (in.) (in Nitrogen (1bs/A) ) Dry Liquid Total 120 180 240 120 180 240 120 180 240 120 180 240 240 300 360 240 300 360 240 300 360 240 300 360 Phosphorus Potassium Micronutrients (P,0 ) (Ibs/A) (Ibs/A) (lbs/A) Dr4 Piquid Total Dry Liquid Total Dry Liquid Total 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 -- 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 180 270 360 180 270 360 180 270 360 180 270 360 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 360 450 540 360 450 540 360 450 540 360 450 540 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 - 24 Operations: Plants are trickle irrigated four times daily with approximately 0.22 acre inches of water being applied to the plant bed. T-Tape trickle tubing with an 8-inch orifice spacing and a discharge rate of 0.33 GPM/100 ft. of tubing is used to irrigate the plants. Fifty percent of the N and K 0 (dry form) was applied in an 8-inch wide and 4-inch deep band in the plant bed, with the other 50% injected (liquid 6-0-9) into the trickle tubing during each irrigation. The total requirement for P205 and micronutrients (dry form) were banded in the bed. Summary: Somewhat similar bed height/width treatments were utilized during the fall 1982 growing season. The crop grown was cauliflower (var. 'Snow Crown Hybrid'). Cauliflower plants grown on high (8") and narrow (24") beds tended to have significantly fewer culled curds (5% level) and more marketable curds as compared to plants grown on the other bed height/width treatments. -41- Location: Purpose: Crop: Set: __ TOUR STOP #23 TRICKLE IRRIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH TOMATOES STUDY 2 Location: Purpose: Crop: Block G, Land 1 (S. P. Kovach, A. A. Csizinszky and C. D. Stanley) To determine the effect of Vapor Gard Anti-Transpirant Concentrate on the yield of tomato plants irrigated by trickle irrigation. Tomato var. 'Sunny' March 10, 1983 (2 ft. plant spacing) Treatments: Operations: Summary: Treatment No. 1 2 Vapor Gard Applied to Transplants No Yes Irrigation of plants is scheduled automatically, according to a soil moisture sensor called "Water Minder" manufactured by SN Electronics, Inc., Lakeland, Fla. All fertilizers were applied to the bed in a dry form in an 8-inch wide and 4-inch deep band. Drip-In trickle irrigation tubing with emitters spaced at 18-inch intervals and a discharge rate of 0.56 GPM/1OO ft. of tubing is used to irrigate the plants. The tubing is located in the center and on top of the bed. Incomplete STUDY 3 Location: Block G, Land 1 (S. P. Kovach, A. A. Csizinszky and C. D. Stanley) Purpose: To evaluate the performance of RIS Bi-Wall Light trickle irrigation tubing and Chapin Drip-Hose. Crop: Tomato var. 'Sunny' Set: March 24, 1983 (2 ft. plant spacing) Treatments: Operation: Summary: Treatment No. 1 Type of Trickle Tubing* Chapin Drip-Hose RIS Bi-Wall Light Orifice Spacing (In.) 12" 12" Flow (GPM) 100 ft of tubing 0.5 (8.5 psi) 0.5 (8.5 psi) *Both types of tubing are buried to a depth of 2 inches. Irrigation of plants is scheduled automatically according to the soil moisture sensor called "Water Minder." All fertilizers were applied to the bed in a dry form in an 8" wide and 4" deep band. Incomplete -42- Set: TOUR STOP #24 Location: Purpose: Crop: Temperature at Treatmer Treatments: SOIL FUMIGATION VIA DRIP IRRIGATION AND STANDARD SHANKS Block G, Land 3 (A. J. Overman) To compare efficacy of soil fumigants applied by: 1. Standard shank injection 2. Injection into drip irrigation Tomato cv 'Duke' It: Soil 4" deep: 54F Control Terr-O-Cide 30 Terr-O-Cide 30 Soilbrom 90 Soilbrom 90 MBC 67/33 Terr-O-Cide 30EC Soilbrom 90EC Operation: Summary: Air: 56/60F Broadcast Rate 26 gal/a 26 gal/a 4.5 gal/a 4.5 gal/a 350 Ib/a 26 gal/a 4.5 gal/a Method shank 3 shanks I shank 3 shanks 3 shanks I tube Stube 1. Beds were constructed with a single Reed Bi-wall Light tube laid in a one inch furrow four inches from the center of the bed. 2. Single shank applications of fumigants were applied in mid-bed six inches deep. Three shank applications were eight inches apart, six inches deep. Injection of fumigants through the drip irrigation system occurred after all plots in the field were sealed with 1.25 mil polyethylene film. 3. Beds were barred to 24 inch width under the mulch. 4. Nutsedge counts were made and the beds were sprayed with Paraquat prior to planting. Counts of the number of Nutsedge plants which emerged through the mulch during the 2 weeks following treatment indicated that MBC 67/33 gave best and most uniform control on the bed. Soilbrom, regardless of method of application, increased Nutsedge populations about 200% over the infestation in the controls. -43- TOUR STOP #25 Location: Purpose: Crop: Treatments: Results: TOMATO PRODUCTION WITH TRICKLE IRRIGATION Block G, Land 2 (C. M. Geraldson) To evaluate production response of tomatoes using fertilizer variations with trickle irrigation and a perched water table to stabilize the root environment Duke, Hayslip and Sunny set February 22, 1983 Fertilizers: A) Soluble 18-0-25 B) 15-5-20 (Osmocote) Source & Amount Placement 1. 1,500 Ibs/A 2. 1,500 Ibs/A -- 3. 1,500 Ibs/A J9 4. 750 A + 900 B 5. 750 A + 900 B \- Trickle tube Chapin biwall 36" intervals (0.17 GPM/100 ft) at 4,840 linear ft/A = 0.15 acre inches/8 hr/ day bed center, 2 and 6 inches deep Barrier paper and plastic mulch trough, 15 inches wide and 12 to 14 inches deep centered below the soil bed surface (Based on past evaluations) Thus far tomato yields using trickle at best have been about half that attained with seepage; the unit cost of the trickle grown tomatoes is at least twice that of the seepage grown. -44- TOUR STOP #26 TRICKLE IRRIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH TOMATOES Location: Block G, Land 6 (A. A. Csizinszky and C. D. Stanley) Purpose: Determine the effect of trickle tube types, number of tubes per bed and pre-plant dry fertilizer levels on staked tomatoes (cv. Sunny). I. Trickle tube types: 1) T-tape, 8 in pore spacing, 20 gal/lO0 ft output (low) 2) T-tape, 8 in pore spacing, 40 gal/100 ft output (high) 3) T-tape, 12 in pore spacing, 12 gal/lO0 ft output (low) II. Number of trickle tubes per bed: 1 or 2 III. Nutrient levels: in lb/100 linear ft N P205 K20 1 x 4.0 2.0 5.55 1.5 x 6.0 2.0 8.33 2.0 x 8.0 2.0 11.10 General: Nutrients were derived from an 18-0-25-2 and a 0-20-0 (with 80 Ib/ton micronutrients). Soil was fumigated with MC33. Tubes were laid at 1 inch depth in the soil. Fertilizers were applied in an 8 inch wide band, then rotatilled into the soil to 3 in depths. Tomato seedlings (cv. Sunny) were set on Feb 22, at 24 inch spacing. Irrigation is applied 3-4 times per day in gradually increasing amounts as plant size, air temperatures and open pan evaporation increase. For the same tube type, both single and double tubes per bed deliver the same amount of water. Treatment Numbers: Number of Fertilizer Marker No. Tube type tubes per bed level 1 8 in, high 1 1.5 x 2 8 in, high 1 2 x 3 8 in, high 1 1 x 4 12 in, low 1 1 x 5 12 in, low 1 2 x 6 12 in, low 1 1.5 x 7 8 in, low 1 2 x 8 8 in, low 1 1 x 9 8 in, low 1 1.5 x 10 12 in, low 2 1 x 11 12 in, low 2 2 x 12 12 in, low 2 2 x 13 8 in, low 2 2 x 14 8 in, low 2 1 x 15 8 in, low 2 1.5 x 16 8 in, high 2 1.5 x 17 8 in, high 2 2 x 18 8 in, high 2 2 x -45- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF INDUSTRY SUPPORT FOR THE RESEARCH PROGRAMS AT THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER, BRADENTON, FLORIDA The effectiveness of the Research Programs at the Agricultural Research and Education Center here in Bradenton has been greatly enhanced by the excellent support from the various segments of the Agri-business industries and produ- cers, both locally and nationally. This support in the form of financial grants-in-aid, products and services, or equipment, supplements existing state funds and makes each research project at the Center far more productive than could otherwise be realized. We sincerely appreciate your participation in these research programs and are pleased to acknowledge your support. Listed below are the names of agencies, firms or individuals who have contri- buted significantly to the research programs during the past two years. We trust that our records are complete and say again, "Thank you for your confidence." Agro-K Corp., Minneapolis, MN Ag. Water Supply Co., Sebring, FL Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL American Colloid Co., Skokie, IL American Cyanamid Co., Wayne, NJ American Hoechst Corp., Somerville, NJ Asgrow-Florida Co., Plant City, FL Ball Seed Co., West Chicago, IL BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ Donald Bates, Lake Placid, FL Baysinger Farms, Ruskin, FL Bear Hollow Bulb Farms, Lake Placid, FL Bedding Plants, Inc., Okemos, MI Blue Acre Gardens, Piqua, OH Buckeye Cellulose Corp., Memphis, TN Chapin Watermatics, Watertown, NY Chevron Chemical Co., San Francisco, CA Ciba-Geigy, Greensboro, NC Cities Service Co., Atlanta, GA Collier Farms, DelRay Beach, FL Dankert Farms, Inc., Dover, FL Diamond Shamrock Corp., Cleveland, OH Dickman Artesian Farms, Ruskin, FL DiMare Farms, Homestead, FL Donald Dittmar, Sebring, FL DOW Chemical, USA, Midland, MI A. Duda & Sons, Oviedo, FL E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE Paul Ecke, Jr., Encinitas, CA Elanco Products Co., Indianapolis, IN Elsberry Farms, Inc., Ruskin, FL Elsberry Greenhouses, Ruskin, FL Estech, Inc., Chicago, IL Florida Flower Assoc., Ft. Myers, FL Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., Greenwood, FL Florida Strawberry Growers Assn., Plant City, FL Florida Tomato Exchange, Orlando, FL Florida Tomato Packer, Homestead, FL Flower Tree Nursery, Eustis, FL FMC Corp., NY, NY 4-Star, Inc., Palmetto, FL Fulwood Farms, Sun City, FL Gas Research Institute, Washington, DC Fred C. Gloeckner Found., Inc., NY, NY Gloeckner Seed Co., NY, NY Goemar Int. Corp., Atlanta, GA Great Lakes Chem. Co., W. Lafayette, IN Green Cay Farms, Boynton Beach, FL Grooms Farms, Inc., Plant City, FL Growers Fertilizer Corp., Lake Alfred, I Happiness Farms, Lake Placid, FL Harllee Farms, Palmetto, FL Harllee-Gargiulo, Inc., Palmetto, FL Hartman Laboratories, Palmdale, FL Hawkins Flowers, Ft. Myers, FL Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE HMS Soil Fumigant, Inc., Palmetto, FL ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, DE Insect Control Res. Co., Glen Ellyn, IL Kennco Machinery Co., Ruskin, FL Kocide Chemical Corp., Houston, TX Liewald Nursery, Palmetto, FL Leisey Farms, Ruskin, FL MAAG Agrochemicals, Nutley, NJ Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, MO Manatee Board of County Commissioners, Highway Department, Bradenton, FL Manatee Fruit Co., Palmetto, FL Merck, Sharpe & Dohm Res. Lab., Rahway, NJ Microjet, Inc., Dundee, FL -46- Miorolife Technics, Sarasota, FL Miller Chemical & Fertilizer Corp., Hanover, PA Mineral Research & Devel. Corp., Charlotte, NC Mobay Chemical Corp., Kansas City, MO Monsanto Agricultural Prod. Co., St. Louis, MO Nalco Chemical Co., Oak Brook, IL NOR-AM Agricultural Prod., Inc. Naperville, IL Northrup King Co., Minneapolis, MN Ogelsby Nurseries, Ft. Lauderdale, FL Palmetto Plants Co., Inc, Bradenton, FL Pan American Plant Co., Parrish, FL Pan American Seed Co., W. Chicago, IL Parkesdale Farms, Inc., Dover, FL Peace River Peat Co., Bartow, FL Pennwalt Corp., Philadelphia, PA Phelps Dodge Refining Corp., NY, NY The Plant Farm, Sarasota, FL Plants, Inc. of Sarasota, FL Princeton Farms, Immokalee, FL Producers Fertilizer Co., Palmetto, FL Protector Corp., Johns Island, SC Reasoner's Tropical Nurseries, Inc. Oneco, FL Reed Irrigation, Winter Park, FL Rhone-Poulenc Chem. Co., Monmouth Junction, NJ Rohm & Haas, Co., Philadelphia, PA 0. M. Scott's Fertilizer Co., Marysville, OH Shell Development Co., Modesto, CA Sierra Chemical Co., Milpitas, CA Society of American Florists Endowment, Alexandria, VA Southern Agricultural Chemicals Co., Rubonia, FL Southwest Florida Water Management District, Brooksville, FL Speedling, Inc., Sun City, FL Stauffer Chemical Co., San Francisco, CA Strano Brothers, Inc., Homestead, FL Sunfresh Farms, Homestead, FL Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, PA S. N. Electronics, Inc., Hollywood, FL Syndyne Corp., Tampa, FL 3M, St. Paul, MN Taylor & Fulton, Palmetto, FL Tennessee Chemical Co., Atlanta, GA Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Tropicana Products, Bradenton, FL Union Carbide Agric. Prod. Co., Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC Uniroyal Chemical Corp., Naugatuck, CT -47- University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL: International Programs Center for Biomass Energy Systems SHARE Program Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI USDA-ARS-DSR, IR-4 Project, New Brunswick, NJ USDA-SEA Southern Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, Little Rock, AR USDA-SEA Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture PL89-808, Section 406 Program, Washington, DC Velsicol Chemical Corp., Chicago, IL Villemaire Farms, Ruskin, FL V. V. Vogel & Sons Farms, Gibsonton, FL Water Control Products, Winter Haven, FL Whisenant Farms, Parrish, FL Yoder Brothers, Ft. Myers, FL and Barberton, OH Zoecon Corp., Palo Alto, CA TAMPA LAKELAND PLANT CITY 4 BAY 6ULF 0 F MEXICO LOCATION OF A.R.E.C. BRADENTON, 1 INCH = 5 FLORIDA MILES |