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Main Title Page Title Page Agenda Page 1 Table of Contents Page 2 Page 2a Introduction Page 3 History of the Agricultural Research and Education Center - Bradenton Page 4 List of faculty Page 5 Page 6 Facilities of AREC - Bradenton Page 7 Page 8 Research Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Acknowledgement Page 26 Page 27 Map: location of AREC Page 28 |
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON, FLORIDA 32ND VEGETABLE FIELD DAY MAY 25, 1977 BRADENTON AREC RESEARCH REPORT GC-1977-3 D. S. BURGIS AND G. A. MARLOWE, JR., EDITORS PRINTING: EDITORIAL DEPT., IFAS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER, BRADENTON 32nd Vegetable Field Day Program Moderator: Dr. George A. Marlowe, Jr., Area Extension Vegetable Specialist Wednesday Morning 10:00 10:10 12:10 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 1:15 Welcome and Introductions W. E. Waters, Center Director Research Highlights by the Research and Extension Faculty Fluoride and Sulfur Dioxide Air Pollution - Plant Nutrition and Irrigation - - Wide Row Culture and Plant Nutrition - Double Cropping Studies at Immokalee - Soil Treatment for Nematodes Utilizing Trickle Irrigation - - - Water Use Management - - - Tomato Breeding - - - - Herbicides, Vegetable Varieties - - Disease Control - - - - Insect Management - - -- - Agricultural Economics Program - - Solar Energy - 1:15 3:30 S. S. Woltz A. J. G. A. J. J. D. S. J. P. D. J. J. A. C. D. Geraldson Csizinszky Everett Overman Marlowe, Jr. Augustine Burgis Jones Schuster Otte Baird Picnic box lunch under the oaks at AREC-Bradenton Tour of research plots AREC-Bradenton _,,,__, TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Schedule of Activities ................................................. 1 Table of Contents ............................. ......................... 2 Introduction ........................................................... 3 History of Station ......... ................. .. .... ...........* 4 List of Faculty .................. .. ................. ....... .......... 5 Facilities of AREC-Bradenton ......................................... 7 Acknowledgment of Industry Support Contributors ...................... 26-27 FIELD TOUR Faculty and Experimental Plots listed respective to stations ............................ ................... 8 TOUR STOPS 1. A. Solar Energy (C. D. Baird) ................................. 9 B. Hydroponics Salt Tolerance (C. M. Geraldson and J. J. Augustine) ........................................... 9 C. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) effects on vegetable crops (S. S. Woltz) ......... ..................................... 10 2. A. Drip irrigation evaluation (A. J. Overman) ................. 11 B. Drip irrigation, gradient-mulch system (C. M. Geraldson) .... 12 C. Water use management (A. J. Overman and G. A. Marlowe) ...... 13 3. Vegetable plant populations and water control variations with gradient-mulch (C. M. Geraldson) ....................... 14 4. Replicated and Observational So. Tomato Exchange Program (STEP) and fixed Florida lines (D. S. Burgis and J. J. Augustine) .................................................. 15 5. A. Wide-row tomato production (A. A. Csizinszky and C. M. Geraldson) ..........................*.... ................ 16 B. Cabbage looper control (D. J. Schuster) ...................... 16 6. A. Fumigant dosage and pH as it affects Verticillium and Fusarium wilt of tomato (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) ..... 17 B. Soil fumigants and contact nematicides to control Verticillium wilt and nematodes in tomato (A. J. Overman & J. P. Jones) .... 17 C. Soil fumigants for tomato, pepper and beans (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones) .... ................ .... ... .................. 17 7. A. Effect of soil pH, fumigation and nitrogen source on Fusarium wilt of watermelon (J. P. Jones & A. J. Overman) .............. 18 B. Antifeedants for tomato pinworm control (D. J. Schuster) ...... 18 C. Evaluation of tomato breeding lines for tolerance to pinworm and leafminer (D. J. Schuster & J. J. Augustine) .............. 19 TOUR STOPS (Continued) PAGE 7. D. Insecticide evaluation for control of pinworm and leafminer (D. J. Schuster) ......................................... 20 E. Mole-cricket control studies (D. J. Schuster) ..................... 21 F. Insect control on cucurbits (D. J. Schuster) ....................... 22 8. A. To determine the degree of tolerance of 'Morgan' melon to downy mildew (J. P. Jones) ...................................... 23 B. To determine the tolerance of 'Poinsett' cucumber to target leafspot (J. P. Jones) ...................................... 23 C. Paraquat preplant/postemergence for weed control in cucumber and squash (D. S. Burgis) ............................ ... 24 D. Evaluation of muskmelons (J. J. Augustine & D. S. Burgis) .......... 25 INTRODUCTION On behalf of the faculty and staff, I extend to each of you a most cordial welcome to the Agricultural Research and Education Center at Bradenton. This Center was initiated in 1925 as a one-man operation in Palmetto and the first ornamental programs began about 17 years later. This Center, with affiliated Agricultural Research Centers located in Dover and Immokalee, Florida, is a Research and Education unit of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. In Bradenton we have 10 research scientists from various disciplines of training who participate in ornamental plant research programs. Each research scientist also holds a joint appointment with his subject matter department at the University of Florida. This combination of a broad base of research disciplines, industry contacts, and an excellent faculty makes the interdisciplinary cooperative team approach to research problems far more productive than could otherwise be accomplished with limited invest- ment in independent programs. An integral part of the overall mission of this Center deals directly with the vegetable industries in Florida through research programs to (1) Develop new or improving technology for more efficient production, handling and utilization of vegetable crops; (2) Improve quality of products made avail- able to the consuming public; (3) Develop technology and practices to reduce environmental pollution without sacrificing quality during production and thereby enhance man's environment; (4) Maintain and improve the productivity of soils in the state of Florida; (5) Develop improved technology on uses of ground water resources and solar energy in agricultural production; (6) Develop information to all Florida growers to compete effectively with other geo- graphic areas of the nation and world; (7) Advance basic knowledge of the various scientific disciplines represented by the faculty; and (8) Assist the cooperative extension service, departments in the College of Agriculture and other Research Centers with extension, educational training, and cooper- ative research programs for the benefit of producers, consumers and students. Information presented in this publication summarizes the active research projects under way this season. We sincerely appreciate your interest and support of these research programs and continuously solicit your suggestions for improvement and ideas of industry needs from our research and extension programs. Will E. Waters Center Director HISTORY OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON Agricultural Research & Education Center Bradenton originated in the fall of 1925 with construction of the Tomato Disease Laboratory. Tomato Disease Laboratory: In 1925 a 20-acre tract of county-owned property in Palmetto was made available with the cooperation of the Manatee Board of County Commissioners, with money and equipment supplied by local growers. Primary objective of the laboratory was to formulate a control of nailhead spot of tomato. Later studies emphasized the breeding for resistance to Fusarium wilt and the control of tobacco mosaic on tomatoes. In 1937, with the expansion of the vegetable industry in Manatee County and surrounding areas, the State Legislature authorized new facilities for the research program. Vegetable Crops Laboratory: In August, 1938, the Manatee County Commissioners donated eighty percent of the purchase price of a 106-acre tract on the east side of Bradenton. This expanded program led to the establishment of the Vegetable Crops Laboratory. Following this relocation, horticultural, entomological, and soil studies were initiated on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, sweet corn, and other vegetables. Since the laboratory was located in the gladiolus growing area, the scope was further broadened in 1942 to include disease problems confronting gladiolus growers. Gulf Coast Experiment Station: In March, 1951, at a meeting of the State Board of Control, the Vegetable Crops Laboratory was given the status of a branch station and was renamed the Gulf Coast Experiment Station. Investigations were then initiated dealing with chemical weed control, nematodes, and other soil- borne pests. The ornamental phase was broadened to include chrysanthemums and other commercial cut flowers. In the late 1950's it became apparent that the facilities on the outskirts of Bradenton were no longer adequate for the research program. In 1959 a 200-acre tract was acquired 8 miles east of Bradenton. All of the vegetable experi- mental field programs were moved to this new location. In 1965, upon completion of the construction of office and laboratory facilities, farm buildings, greenhouses, and a residence, all research programs were conducted on this new land. Agricultural Research & Education Center-Bradenton: In 1971 the Gulf Coast Experiment Station was renamed Agricultural Research & Education Center to emphasize the programs of both research and education. Active programs are in progress on production problems associated with vegetables and ornamentals grown on the sandy soils of Florida. AREC-Bradenton has administrative and research supervision over two satellite stations: ARC-Immokalee (formerly the South Florida Field Laboratory) and ARC-Dover (formerly the Strawberry and Vegetable Field Laboratory). The former center specializes in vegetable nutrition and culture, etiology and control of diseases, and pasture research, while the latter is the hub of strawberry research in Florida, including breeding, horticultural and pathological studies. LIST OF FACULTY, APPOINTMENT DATE, AND AREA OF SPECIALIZATION Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton, Florida Waters, W. E., 1960, Horticulturist and Center Director. Administration, soil and plant nutrition. Augustine, J. J., 1975, Asst. Geneticist. Tomato breeding, genetics of fungus and virus disease resistance. Burgis, D. S., 1946, Horticulturist. Vegetable production, weed control and growth regulators. Chambliss, C. G., 1976, Asst. Extension Agronomist. Production of agronomic crops. Csizinszky, A. A., 1976, Asst. Horticulturist. Production systems, crop management and post-harvest studies on vegetable crops. Engelhard, A. W., 1966, Assoc. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops. Geraldson, C. M., 1951, Soils Chemist. Soil nutritional problems and their relationship with cultural methods for vegetable production. Harbaugh, B. K., 1975, Asst. Ornamental Horticulturist. Systems for production, harvesting and marketing of ornamental crops. Jones, J. P., 1958, Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of vegetable crops. Magie, R. 0., 1945, Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental crops with emphasis on gladiolus flower and corm diseases. Marlowe, G. A., Jr., 1975, Extension Vegetable Specialist. Covers all areas of vegetable crops production. Marousky, F. J., 1967, Research Horticulturist (USDA). Post-harvest physiology of cut flowers. Otte, J. A., 1976, Area Farm Management Economist. Development of economic data on ornamental, vegetable and other crops. Overman, A. J., 1945, Nematologist. Etiology and control of nematode problems of ornamentals and vegetables. Schuster, D. J., 1975, Asst. Entomologist. Identification, biology and control of insects and mites of vegetables and ornamentals. Wilfret, G. J., 1969, Asst. Geneticist. Breeding and development of new varieties of cut-flowers and other ornamental crops. Woltz, S. S., 1953, Plant Physiologist. Physiology disorders and diseases of vegetable and ornamental crops. Agricultural Research Center Immokalee, Florida Everett, P. H., 1958, Soils Chemist. Center Administration, soil and plant nutrition, production, and variety development of vegetable crops. Dougherty, D. E., 1977, Asst. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of vegetable diseases with emphasis on disease forecasting and fungicide longevity. Agricultural Research Center Dover, Florida Albregts, E. E., 1967, Assoc. Soils Chemist. Center Administration, produc- tion, soil, and plant nutrition of strawberries and vegetables. Howard, C. M., 1967, Assoc. Plant Pathologist. Strawberry breeding and etiology and control of vegetable and strawberry diseases. FACILITIES OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER, Bradenton The Research and Education Center, Bradenton, has developed excellent new facili- ties since 1965. Each scientist has available'- office, laboratory, greenhouse, and field areas as well as field and laboratory technicians to support his re- search programs. The research facilities consist of 200 acres of sandy soil lo- cated at the main center, plus 40 acres near Cortez, Florida, 3 buildings con- taining 16 offices, library, 9 laboratories, 3 headhouses, 13 greenhouses, 6 storage buildings, 8 walk-in cold rooms, 2 large saran ranges for ornamental plants, maintenance shop, four irrigation wells, a fleet of vehicles and tractors. The list below is a numerical key to facilities sketched on page 8 of this publi- cation. KEY TO FACILITIES State Building Numerical Key Building Name Number 1 Office and Laboratories 7601 2 Ornamental Saran House 7616 3 Chemical Storage 7629 4 Soil Boxes 5 Ornamental-Nematology Greenhouse 7628 6 Ornamental Research Saran House 7626 7 Plant Production House 7625 8 Plant Pathology Greenhouse 7615 9 Entomology-Tomato Genetics Greenhouse 7614 10 Horticulture Greenhouse 7613 11 Ornamental-Genetics Greenhouse 7627 12 Herbicide Greenhouse 7611 13 Tomato-Genetics Greenhouse 7610 14 Pesticide Storage 7609 15 Headhouse, Laboratory, Cold Rooms 7624 16 Speedling Greenhouse 7630 17 Storage Shed 18 Well House 19 Equipment Storage 7607 20 Bulb Shed 7621 21 Well House 22 Farm Maintenance 7604 23 Farm Equipment Building 7605 24 Residence 7602 25 Cortez Farm Building (not shown) 7623 26 Soil Sterilization 7631 27 Fumigation Greenhouse 7632 28 Farm Storage Building (not shown) 7633 29 Student Housing Trailer (not shown) 7634 30 Entomology Greenhouse (not shown) 7635 31 Tomato Breeding Greenhouse (not shown) 7636 32 Plant Physiology Greenhouse (not shown) 7637 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & B RADE N TON, EDUCATION CENTER FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY Horticulture Greenhouse (C. D. Baird and W. E. Waters) Purpose: To design and construct efficient and inexpensive greenhouse heating systems by conversion of solar energy. Concept: Solar radiation (heat energy) is captured within the collector boxes with the heat being transferred to the water circulating in the black plates. The hot water is circulated to a storage tank for later use. During cold weather the hot water is circulated through heat exchangers beneath the benches where a fan blows the warm air. Two similar systems using hot air instead of water are also under development at the Center. Results: At present one solar water-heating system is working as designed in a 30' x 60' glass greenhouse (Bldg. #10 on the building diagram). A hot-air system is operating in 30' x 60' glass greenhouse (Bldg. #8). A third air-system is under development in greenhouse 130. Brochure is available at the publications table, entitled "Application of Solar Heated Water to Greenhouses," AREC-Research Report GC1976-3. Greenhouse hydroponics (C. M. Geraldson and J. J. Augustine) Purpose: (1) To evaluate salt tolerant tomato varieties. (2) To evaluate germination and seedling tolerance to increasing salt concentrations. (3) To evaluate nutrient balance variations on tomato plant growth and fruit set. Variables: Hydroponic solution accordingly Summary: Pending EVALUATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) EFFECTS ON VEGETABLE CROPS Location: Fumigation Greenhouse (West of Bldg. #7632) (S. S. Woltz) Project: GC-01834. Sulfur dioxide, air quality and Florida vegetation. To assess response of vegetable crop plants to steady-state SO2 exposure. Plant response data will be collected in terms of growth response in vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages. Symptoms will be recorded. Data will reflect hidden injury, i.e. yield or quality depression associated with SO2 levels that do not produce readily visible symptoms. Treatments: Fumigation greenhouse No. 1. Fumigation greenhouse No. 2. Fumigation greenhouse No. 3. Fumigation greenhouse No. 4. Partially filtered air 20 micrograms SO2 80 micrograms SO2 per cubic meter of air 320 micrograms SO2 per cubic meter of air Results: None to report at this time Recommendations: None available (experiment just started) Objective: DRIP IRRIGATION Block G, Land 1 (A. J. Overman) Purpose: To evaluate with drip irrigation: 1. Multicropping on fumigated soil 2. Repeated use of DBCP in the irrigation water 3. Use of saline water on tomato crops Crop: Tomato, var. 'Walter' Treated: Began March 15, 1977 Set: March 17, 1977 Treatments: Operation: Summary: Control MBC-33 350 lb/A 1 chisel mid-bed Fall, 1976 MBC-33 350 Ib/A through 1 Viaflo tape Fall, 1976 DBCP 12.1 E 1 gal/A through 1 Viaflo Fall 1976 and DBCP 12.1 E 2 gal/A through 1 Viaflo Fall 1976 and Nemacur 3 E 2 gal/A through 1 Viaflo Fall 1976 and Sodium chloride 500 ppm in Viaflo Sodium chloride 1000 ppm in Viaflo Sodium chloride 1500 ppm in Viaflo Spring Spring Spring 1977 1977 1977 Field infested with root-knot nematodes. Prior to the fall 1976 tomato crop, 1 tape of Viaflo placed on bed surface 8 inches from the plant row. MBC-33 injected into Viaflo of proper plots 2 weeks prior to planting. Nemacide and saline injections ran in Viaflo all season. Tomatoes replanted in March 1977 and nematicides and saline injections continued. Fall 1976: 1. MBC-33 increased yields 30% regardless of application method. 2. DNCP increased yields 20%. 3. Nemacur was phytotoxic, TRICKLE IRRIGATION Block G, Land 2 (C. M. Geraldson) Purpose: To evaluate trickle irrigation as a component in the gradient- mulch system. Crops: Tomato, var. 'Walter' Pepper, var. 'Cal Wonder' Sweet Corn, var. 'Silver Queen' Cucumbers, var. 'Poinsett' Treated: Tomatoes set March 17 15 inch row spacing Peppers set March 23 30 inch row spacing Cucumbers planted March 17 Sweet Corn planted March 17 Variables: Water quantity 1. 36 acre inch/crop 2. 24 acre inch/crop 3. 12 acre inch/crop Fertilizer (W) 2 bands surface-bed edge (M) 1 band surface-bed center In order to prevent downward loss of nutrients and moisture, a paper trough 14 inches wide and 8 to 10 inches deep (bed center) was used to maintain a perched water table. Water was supplied by a Chapin twin wall hose buried above the paper barrier (water emission at 36" intervals). Summary: At present unsatisfactory but has some potential. WATER USE MANAGEMENT Block G, Land 4 (A. J. Overman and G. A. Marlowe, Jr.) Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of closed and open mulch systems on the water use, growth and yield of tomatoes. To compare the effects of soil moisture levels kept at field capacity with those calculated by the Blaney-Criddle growth curve model on the growth and yield of tomatoes. Crop: Tomato, cv. 'Walter' Transplants set: March 11, 1977 Treatments: 3 Replicates Number Water Schedule Mulch System 1 Blaney-Criddle Uncovered 2 Blaney-Criddle Covered 3 Field Capacity Uncovered 4 Field Capacity Covered Methods: Raised beds containing 13.5 cubic feet of soil were fumigated two weeks before planting, and fertilized with 500 lb/A of superphosphate 20%, 25#/A fritted trace elements and 2074 Ibs/A of 18-0-25 in bands before the mulch was applied. Differential water regimes were initiated on March 15th. Water is applied via modified drip tube from an application tank. All water draining free from the beds is collected in a double-lined plastic bag. Field capacity moisture levels are determined by the per cent dry weight of soil. For each 1% below 11% dry weight, 1.6 gallons of water is added to the appropriate bed. The schedule for the Blaney-Criddle-Growth curve treatments is as follows: (all beds at field capacity initially) 0-10 days 5.76 gallons 50-60 days 44.25 gallons 10-20 days 22.00 gallons 60-70 days 26.45 gallons 20-30 days 45.56 gallons 70-80 days 11.52 gallons 30-40 days 48.44 gallons 80-90 days 5.24 gallons 40-50 days 47.39 gallons 90-100 days 5.24 gallons All water applications are made in 3 equal portions per week. All water added and drained into collecting tank is measured and recor- ded. Drainage water is analyzed for total soluble salts and pH at each sampling date. Rainfall subtractions are made accordingly. All data are to be subjected to statistical analysis. Measurements to be taken include: Plant height, stem diameter, fresh dry weight of tops Recoverable root fresh and dry weight Size, number and weight of fruit Various measurements of growth and yield will be related to total water use to determine efficiency relationships. GRADIENT-MULCH Block I, Lands 1, 2, 3, 4 (C. M. Geraldson) Purpose: To evaluate plant populations, water control variations for maximum production efficiency utilizing the gradient-mulch system. Crops: Tomatoes Walter, Tropic Pepper Cal Wonder Squash Dixie Hybrid Beans Kentucky Wonder Sweet Corn Silver Queen Planted: March 8 tomatoes, March 9 and 23 all others Treatments: Plant populations: Tomatoes in row spacing 15" 30" All crops row spacing 4.5' Water control: Ditch intervals 7 rows, 3 rows, 1 row between ditches SUMMARY: Utilizing the gradient-mulch concept to its maximum potential can decrease unit production costs and maximize efficiency. Yields of Tropic and Walter tomatoes have been constant and about equivalent for varied populations. Yields of 2500 to more than 3000 marketable units/acre have been obtained consistently. The current state average ranges from 300 to almost 900/acre. Consistent yields of pepper have varied from 1200 to 1500 marketable units per acre. The current state average is 500 to 550. During the spring crop season consistent yields of 600 crates per acre of sweet corn have been obtained. Average state yields currently range from 170 to 270. Average yields of pole beans range from 300-350 bu/acre; squash from 100 to 200 bu/acre. Experimental yields have exceeded 3 to 5 times that average. TOMATO STEP TRIALS Block K, Lands 12, 13 and 14 (D. S. Burgis and J. J. Augustine) Purpose: The Southern Tomato Exchange Program (STEP) Variety trials. Replicated trials of these are grown at 30 or more locations in the southeast U. S. on an annual basis for observation. Promising lines from the Florida Tomato Breeding program are included. Tomato Planted: Feb. 23, 1977 Varieties: Replicated Trial HS24 Walter STEP 624 STEP 625 STEP 627 STEP 628 STEP 631 STEP 638 STEP 639 Jack Pot Gilbert, Hawaii Hills, S.C. Hills, S.C. Sitterly, S.C. Lambeth, Mo. Gilbert, Hawaii Borchers, Va. FM 11 through 28 are selected Florida lines. Observational Trial 1. HS24 2. Walter 3. STEP .626 Hills, S.C. 4. STEP 633 Asgrow x P160 5. STEP 634 Asgrow x P488 6. STEP 635 Asgrow x P503 7. STEP 637 Hernandez, La. 8. STEP 640 Hernandez, La. 9. STEP 641 Hernandez, La. 10. STEP 642 Borchers, Va. 11. STEP 643 Borchers, Va. 12. STEP 644 Fuqua, Tex. 13. STEP 645 Fuqua, Tex. 14. STEP 646 Fuqua, Tex.. 15. STEP 647 Asgrow x P2032A 16. STEP 648 Augustine, Fla. 17. STEP 649 Augustine, Fla. 18. Flora Dade Volin, Fla. 19. Tamiami Peto, Calif. (Fl) SUMMARY: Test is planted on soil known to be free of Verticillium and Fusarium Race 2 wilt. No. 18 is the only tomato in these tests known to be resistant to Verticillium. Crop: WIDE-ROW TOMATO CULTURE Block K, Land 1, 2, 3, 4 (A. A. Csizinszky and C. M. Geraldson) Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of wide-row tomato growing system, with different water placement, fertilizer quantities and plant spacings. Crop: Tomato, var. 'Walter PF' Planted: March 18 Treatments: Operation: SUMMARY: 1st half of the land, 2000 Ibs/A 18-0-25 banded, 2nd half of the land, 4000 Ibs/A 18-0-25 banded. Planting distances: 18 inches, 24 inches, and 30 inches. Watering between as adjacent to rows or in the middle of the wide rows. Water quality, quantity, and soil moisture is monitored weekly. Total yield and size of tomatoes will be taken at harvest time. No apparent differences can be noticed on the various treatments as yet. Uneven plant growth probably due to soil variation. CABBAGE-LOOPER CONTROL Block D, Land 1 (Drs. Schuster, Workman, Denton and Chalfant) Purpose: To evaluate candidate insecticides for control of cabbage looper on cabbage in three Florida locations and one Georgia location under similar conditions. Crop: Cabbage, var. 'Rio Verde' March 10; Treated: Weekly, beginning March 28 Treatments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Check (water) PP 557 2 EC PP 557 2 EC SD 43775 2.4 EC SD 43775 2.4 EC Thiodan 2 EC Thiodan 2 EC Lannate 1.8 L Dipel WP Thuricide HP lb ai/100 gal/acre 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.55 product 0.55 product Operation: Plants treated on alternate weeks with Bravo 6 F or Manzate 200. A larval count was completed on April 14-15 at the cupping stage. Another count and damage rating will be taken at harvest. SUMMARY: All treatments reduced larval numbers at cupping. However, the synthetic pyrethroids (PP 557, and SD 43775) were the superior treatments. Set: SOIL FUMIGATION AND pH Block C, Lands 1 and 19 (A. J. Overman and John Paul Jones) Purpose: Determine the effect of 1 and 3 streams of MC-33 and of soil pH on development of Verticillium and Fusarium wilts of tomato (varieties Walter and Tropic). Treatments: Soil pH I 5.5 II 7.0 III 7.5 Fumigant (MC-33, 350 pa) 1. Control 2. MC-33 1 chisel 3. MC-33 3 chisels Results: Incomplete FUMIGANTS FOR VERTICILLIUM WILT AND NEMATODE CONTROL Block C, Lands 4 and 22 (A. J. Overman and John Paul Jones) Purpose: Determine efficacy of several fumigants and contact nematicides in controlling Verticillium wilt and nematode diseases of tomato.' Treatments: 1. Control 2. MC-33 3. MC-33 4. Vorlex 5. Vorlex 6. Temik 7. Temik 8. UC 21865 9. UC 21865 10. UC 21865 11. UC 21865 12. Furadan 350 pa 1 chisel 350 pa 3 chisels 35 ga 1 chisel 35 ga 3 chisels 2 paa 3 paa 3 paa 6 paa 1.5 paa + transpl. water with 21865 3.0 paa + transpl. water with 21865 10 paa Results: Incomplete GENERAL FUMIGATION Block C, Lands 6 and 24 (A. J. Overman and John Paul Jones) Purpose: Determine effect of various fumigants on control of soil-borne diseases of tomato, pepper and bushbeans. Treatments: Control MC-33 Telone C-17 Telone C-17 N.A.-055 N.A.-055 Vorlex Vorlex Result: Incomplete 17 350 17 32 25 35 25 35 SOIL FUMIGANTS FOR WATERMELON PRODUCTION Block C, Lands 12 and 30 (John Paul Jones and A. J. Overman) Purpose: Determine effect of fumigation, soil pH, and nitrogen source on development of Fusarium wilt of Sugar Baby watermelon. Fumigants 1. Vorlex 35 ga 2. Furadan 10 paa 3. Telone C 25 ga 4. Control Soil pH 1. 5.5 2. 7.0 Nitrogen source 1. 80% NH4:20% NO3 2. 20% NH4:80% NO3 Results: Incomplete ANTIFEEDANTS Block C, Land 15 (D. J. Schuster) Purpose: To evaluate materials as antifeedants for control of the tomato pinworm and other lepldpptera pests. Crop: Tomato, var. 'Walter' Set: March 24; Treated: Weekly, beginning April 11 Treatments: Check (water) Plictran 50 WP Plictran 50 WP Plictran 50 WP Duter 19 WP Vendex 50 WP Lannate 50 WP Operation: lb ai/100 gal 1.00 0.50 0.25 1.50 1.50 0.50 Plants will be treated on alternate weeks with Bravo 6 F or Manzate 200. Evaluations of leafminer and tomato pinworm damage to foliage will be completed every two weeks. Fruit damage by the pinworm will be evaluated at harvest. Summary: In laboratory tests the organotin compounds have reduced survival and development of pinworm larvae on tomato foliage. Plictran has also given pinworm and armyworm control in a field test comparable to Lannate. Yields were also comparable. Treatments: INSECT TOLERANCE OF TOMATO Block C, Land 15 (D. J. Schuster and J. J. Augustine) Purpose: To evaluate tolerance of tomato cultivars, breeding lines and wild species to insects, primarily the tomato pinworm and the vegetable leafminer. Crop: Set: Tomato April 14 Entries: 1. Walter 2. 75-32 (selection from Mississippi State University program) 3. PI-199381 selection 4. PI-128230 5. PI-193415, Pennorange E160A 6. Watanakes, N.S.S.L. No. 27260 7. 694-BSR (Dr. Volin, Homestead, breeding line) 8. PI-126445 (Lycopersicon hirsutum) 9. PI-126449 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum) 10. PI-127826 (L. hirsutum) Operation: Plants treated on alternate weeks with Bravo 6F or Manzate 200. Evaluations of insect damage to foliage will be completed every two weeks. Fruit damage will be evaluated at harvest when applicable. Summary: Compared to Walter all entries have indicated various levels of resistance to pinworms, armyworms and leafminers in field and greenhouse tests. The L. hirsutum lines have the highest resistance levels. INSECTICIDE EVALUATION Block C, Land 16 (Drs. Schuster, Poe, Musgrave) Purpose: To evaluate the effect of new and old insecticides on the vegetable leafminer, tomato pinworm and their parasites. Crop: Tomato, var. 'Walter' Set: April 21 Treatments: lb ai/100 gal 1. Check (water) 2. Plictran 50 WP 0.5 3. Duter 19 WP 1.5 4. Vendex 50 WP 1.5 5. FMC 33297 3.2 EC 0.1 6. PP 557 2 EC 0.1 7. SD 43775 2.4 EC 0.1 8. Lannate 1.8 L 1.0 9. Orthene 75 SP 1.0 10. Thiodan 50 WP 1.0 11. Monitor 4 EC 1.0 12. Bay NTN 9306 6 EC 1.0 13. Dylox 80 SP 1.0 14. Cygon 2.67 EC 0.5 15. Azodrin 5 EC 1.0 16. Trithion 4 EC 1.0 17. Guthion 50 WP 1.0 18. Diazinon 50 WP 1.0 19. Dibrom 8 EC 1.0 20. Vydate 2.0 L 1.0 21. Marlate 50 WP 1.5 Operation: A single application will be made following which leafminers and tomato pinworms and their parasites will be evaluated on foliage 6, 12, 18, 24 hrs; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14 days. Plants will be treated on alternate weeks with Bravo 6F or Manzate 200. Summary: Results from a field test with weekly treatments has indicated that Vydate is effective against leafminers but is toxic to parasites. Thiodan is effective against the tomato pinworm and is relatively safe to parasites. In laboratory studies, Vydate, Cygon, Guthion, Diazinon, Dibrom and Lannate are toxic to leafminer parasites. Other materials in the test have not been tested previously when considering target pests and their parasites. MOLE-CRICKET CONTROL Block C, Lands C17 and 18 (D. J. Schuster) Purpose: To evaluate pesticides in bait and granular forms to control mole-crickets. Tomato, var. 'Walter' April 6; Treated: April 6 Set: Treatments: Check Dyfonate 10G at 4.00 Ib ai/acre Dyfonate 2% bait at 1.00 lb ai/acre Diazinon 2% bait at 1.00 Ib ai/acre Dursban 0.5% bait at 0.25 Ib ai/acre Dylox 5% bait at 1.00 lb ai/acre Operation: One-half of each plot inspected for dead mole-crickets on 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days following the pre-plant broadcast application. At the end of 42 days the number of live crickets will also be counted. Summary: After one week, more dead crickets were found on beds treated with Dursban and Dylox although Dyfonate formulations also afforded control. Crop: INSECTICIDES FOR CUCURBITS Block C, Land 18 (D. J. Schuster) Purpose: To evaluate new and old pesticides for insect control on honeydew-like melons and cucumbers. Crops: Cucumber, var. 'Poinsett'; Melon, var. 'Morgan' Set: April 4; Treated: Weekly, beginning April 20 Treatment: lb ai/100 gal Check (water) Imidan 50WP Imidan 50WP PP 557 2 EC Proxol 80 SP Lannate 1.8 L Orthene 75 SP Isotox 25 WP Operation: Plants treated on alternate weeks Counts of melonworms and cucumber every two weeks. with Manzate 200 or Bravo 6F. beetles will be completed Summary: Proxol, lannate and orthene have all given good control of the melonworm in previous tests in the field on both cucumber and 'Morgan' melon. 1.00 0.75 0.10 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 DOWNY MILDEW TOLERANCE Block A, Land 1A (Dr. John Paul Jones) Purpose: Determine how much downy mildew 'Morgan' melon can tolerate before a spray program should be initiated. Treatments: Fungicide weekly 3-6% diseased tissue then spray weekly 6-12% diseased tissue then spray weekly 12-25% diseased tissue then spray weekly 25-50% diseased tissue then spray weekly No fungicide Results: Incomplete TARGET LEAFSPOT TOLERANCE Block A, Land 1 (Dr. John Paul Jones) Purpose: Determine how much target leafspot Poinsett cucumber can tolerate before a spray program needs to be initiated. Treatments: Fungicide weekly 3-6% diseased tissue then spray weekly 6-12% diseased tissue then spray weekly 12-25% diseased tissue then spray weekly 25-50% diseased tissue then spray weekly No fungicide Results: Incomplete __ HERBICIDES FOR STALE SEEDBEDS Block A, Land 5A (D. S. Burgis) Purpose: To evaluate "stale seedbed" method of weed control with contact herbicides. Preplant/Preemergence use. Methods defined: 1. Preplant means that the bed is formed, fertilized and fumigated if necessary and Paraquat is then applied after the weeds have emerged (planting may be delayed and a second or third application made to weed regrowth) and the crop is then seeded in the treated area (stale seedbed technique); 2. Preemergence means that the bed is formed, fertilized, fumigated if necessary, the weeds allowed to begin growth, the crop is then seeded and Paraquat then applied just preemergent to the crop but postemergent to the weeds. Crops: 1. Cucumbers (var. 'Poinsett') 2. Squash, Early summer yellow, several available Treatments: 3 replications, 10 hill plots 1. Check cultivated 2. Paraquat preplant 1 pt/A (1/4 lb) 3. Paraquat preplant 2 pt/A (1/2 lb) 4. Paraquat preplant 4 pt/A (1 lb) 5. Paraquat preemergence 1 pt/A 6. Paraquat preemergence 2 pt/A 7. Paraquat preemergence 4 pt/A 8. Paraquat preplant 1 pt + preemergence 1 pt 9. Paraquat preplant 2 pt + preemergence 2 pt 10. Paraquat preplant 4 pt + preemergence 4 pt 11. Check uncultivated Summary: This environmentally desirable weed control method is under investigation in various areas. The crops must grow with some weed competition. This experiment is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and to measure "weed pressure" in terms of yield. SOUTHERN COOPERATIVE MUSKMELON VARIETY TRIALS Block A, Land 7 (J. J. Augustine and D. S. Burgis) Purpose: To evaluate melons from the Southern Cooperative Muskmelon Variety Trials. Replicated Entries: 1. Planters Jumbo 2. AC 67-17 3. AC 67-59 4. AC 68-52 5. AC 68-57 6. AC 70-154 7. Fla. 6-28L 8. VBL 63-4-M1-18-M8 9. VBL 67-1-M4-5-M2 10. VBL 74-1 11. Morgan Melon Operation: Seed was sown Feb. 22nd in transplanted to the field. 10 hill plots replicated 4 plots have 10 hill plots. Objective: Observational AC 67-5 AC 67-71 AC 75-1 AHD 1 Fla 6-93L Fla 15-28L Fla 93-8L Fla 93-11L TP 21 Improved Tam-dew PMR 45 peat pots and on March 8th were The replicated lines are in times and the observational These were planted to look for any potential muskmelon adapted to this area and to observe if any of these lines had tolerance or resistance to powdery and downy mildew. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF INDUSTRY SUPPORT FOR THE RESEARCH PROGRAMS AT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER, BRADENTON, FLORIDA The effectiveness of the Research Programs at the Agricultural Research and Education Center here in Bradenton has been greatly enhanced by the excellent support from the various segments of the Agri-business industries and producers both locally and nationally. This support in the forms 6f financial grants-in- aid, products and services, or equipment, supplements existing state funds and makes each research project at the Center far more productive than could other- wise be realized. We sincerely appreciate your participation in these research programs and are pleased to acknowledge your support. Listed below are the names of agencies, firms or individuals who have contributed significantly to the research programs during the past two years. We trust that our records are complete and say again, "thank you for your confidence." Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill. Amchem Products, Inc., Gainesville, Fla. American Cyanamid Co., Princeton, N. J. Armak Co., McCook, Ill. Asgrow-Florida Co., Palmetto, Fla. BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N. J. Chemagro Agricultural Division, Mobay Chemical Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif. CIBA-Geigy, Greensboro, N. C. Cities Service Co., Atlanta, Ga. Council Farms, Inc., Ruskin, Fla. Diamond Shamrock Chemical Corp., Tifton, Ga. Dow Chemical USA, Atlanta, Ga. A. Duda & Son, Oviedo, Fla. E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. Elsberry Farms, Inc., Ruskin, Fla. Florida Dept. of Transportation, Sarasota, Fla. Florida Flower Assn., Ft. Myers, Fla. Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., Gainesville, Fla. Florida Fruit and Vegetable Assoc., Orlando, Fla. Florida Technological University, Orlando, Fla. Florida Tomato Exchange, Orlando, Fla. FMC Corp., Niagara Chem. Div., Middleport, N. Y. Geo. J. Ball, Inc., West Chicago, Ill. The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, Inc., New York, N. Y. Gloeckner Seed Co., New York, N. Y. Gulf States Paper Corp., Tuscaloosa, Ala. Harllee-Gargiulo, Inc., Palmetto, Fla. Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corp., Niagara Farll, N. Y. Hunsader Brothers, Bradenton, Fla. ICI United States, Inc., Goldsboro, N. C. IFAS Environmental Center, Univ. of Fla., Gainesville, Fla. Manatee Board of County Commissioners, Highway Dept., Bradenton, Fla. Manatee Fruit Co., Palmetto, Fla. Merck, Sharpe & Dohm Research Laboratories, Rahway, N. J. Mobil Chemical Co., Richmond, Va. Monsanto Co., Agricultural Division, St. Louis, Mo. Nor-Am Agricultural Products, Inc., Woodstock, Ill. Pacific Packing Co. Inc., Palmetto, Fla. Pan American Seed Co., Palma Sola, Fla. Peace River Peat Co., Bartow, Fla. Paul Ecke, Jr., Encinitas, Calif. PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Producers Fertilizer Co., Palmetto, Fla. R. J. Claprood Co., Sun City, Fla. Rhodia, Inc., Somerset, N. J. Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. See-Pak, Tampa, Fla. Shell Development Co., Modesto, Calif. Sierra Chemical Co., Newark, Calif. Society of American Florists Endowments, Edwardsville, Ill. Southern Agri. Chem. Co., Rubonia, Fla. Southwest Florida Water Management District, Brooksville, Fla. Speedling, Incorporated, Sun City, Fla. Stauffer Chemical Company, Mountain View, Calif. Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Traylor Chemical & Supply Co., Orlando, Fla. Tropicana Products, Bradenton, Florida Union Carbide Corp., Columbia, S. C. University of Florida, IFAS, International Programs, Gainesville, Fla. University of Florida, IFAS, Share Program, Gainesville, Fla. Uniroyal, Inc., Bethany, Conn. USDA, ARS, Market Quality Res. Div., Hyattsville, Md. V. V. Vogel & Sons Farms, Gibsonton, Fla. West Coast Tomato Co., Palmetto, Fla. Yoder Bros., Inc., Ft. Myers, Fla. and Barberton, Ohio |