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Agenda
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Bradenton AREC Research Report GC73-4 J AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER 5007 60th Street E. Bradenton, Florida 33505 of INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES VEGETABLE FIELD DAY Tuesday, May 22, 1973 9:00-9:45 9:45 9:50 9:55 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 11:15 11:25 11:40 11:55 12:10 Registration p Introduction Welcome 17 f Vegetable Research Producer to t umer Nutritional Studies and Trickle Irrigation Weed Control & Other Horticultural Studies Tomato Variety Development Summary of Machine Harvest Studies on Tomatoes Physiological Studies on Vegetable Crops Disease Studies on Vegetables Nematode Studies on Vegetables Insect Research on Vegetables Dutch Treat Box Lunches Tour of Experimental Plots James Montelaro Will E. Waters J. F. Kelly C. M. Geraldson D. S. Burgis Pat Crill P. H. Everett S. S. Woltz J. P. Jones A. J. Overman S. L. Poe May 1973 I N DEX Page Bidck A Land 1 (D. S. Burgis): Test of light weight vs. heavy paper as a mulch..... 1 Land 3 (West End)(A. A. Cook): Pepper Breeding lines grown at various IFAS units......................... .. .......... ...... ........... 2 Land 3 (J. F. Price): Effects of certain cultural practices on insect populations...... .................. ............... ......2.. ..... 2 Land 8 (J. P. Crill): Potted tomato variety evaluation..................... 3 Land 9 (J. P. Crill): Old variety tomato nursery........................... 4 Land 11 (East End)(C. M. Geraldson): Effect of selected nutrient gradient variations on yield and quality of machine harvest type tomatoes...... 5 Land 11 (West End)(D. S. Burgis): Pruning Test on Determinate type tomatoes 5 Land 11 (West End)(D. S. Burgis): Test of herbicide-nematicide-soil fungicide treatments............................................. 6 Land 12 (J. P. Crill and D. S, Burgis)..................................... 6 I. Fresh market tomato observation nursery........................... 6 II. Machine harvest fresh market replicated yield nursery............. 7 III. Indeterminate fresh market hand harvest replicated yield nursery.. 7 IV. Fresh market hand harvest replicated yield nursery................ 7 V. Canning tomato observation nursery................................ 8 VI. Canning tomato replicated yield nursery .....;................... 8 Block B Entomological Research ( S. L. Poe and J. F. Price )........................ 9 Land 5 (West End)(S. L. Poe and J. P. Jones): Crop Mortality factors....... 9 Land 6 (West End)(S. L. Poe): Evaluation of chemical control of insects on tomato.............................................................. 10 Land 6 (East End)(S. L. Poe): Evaluation of chemical control of insects on pepper............................................................. 10 Block C Land 6 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones): Cultural management for "old land" tomato production................................ ................ ..... 11 Land 5 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones): Control of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes on tomato..................................... .. 12 Land 4 (A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones): Control of Verticillium wilt and root-knot nematode on tomato..................................... 13 INDEX continuedd) Page Land 3 (A. J. Overman): Cover Crop rotations................. ,.. r,.. 14 Land 2 (J. P. Jones): Cbbtrol of foliage diseases of tomato............. 14 Land 1 (J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz): Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 15 BLOCK J Land 9 (A. J. Overman): Nutgrass control................................ 16 Land 12 (J. P. Jones and J. P. Crill): Verticilliumwilt test........... 16 BLOCK I Lands 3-4 (C. M. Geraldson): Manipulation of nutrient gradients......... 17 BLOCK G Land 6 (A. J. Overman): Foliar sprays for root-knot control on tomato... 18 GREENHOUSE AREA C. M. Geraldson: Development of the concepts of a non-variable root environment..............................................*.......... 18 LAND 1 BLOCK A D. S. Burgis Test of light weight versus heavy paper as a mulch. Purpose: The test is designed to compare the heavy craft paper (having .25 mil poly on each side) which is presently available with lighter craft paper having 1 layer of .25 mil on one side and light craft having no poly. Two fungicides, either A or B, were incorporated into 1 side of the paper regardless of poly coat. One set of covers regardless of weight or poly coat were superimposed on 3 herbi- cide treatments: (1) no herbicide, (2) Planavin incorporated into the soil under the paper, or (3) Vegiben incorporated into the paper. Covers installed and plants set on March 6, 1973. Variety Walter Fertilizer 1500 Ib/A 18-0-25-2 Treatments: Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Paper Paper Paper Paper Paper Paper Soil Soil Soil Soil Soil Soil Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung Fung 1 Fung I Fung 1 Fung I Fung ) Fung I Results: Preliminary evaluation indicates that a lighter paper with no coating + fungicide B may be good enough for 90 day crop. -2- LAND 1 BLOCK A (WEST END) Dr. A. A. Cook Pepper Breeding Lines Grown at Various IFAS Units Purpose: To evaluate multiple disease resistant lines. Primary purpose is to obtain types having desirable horticultural characters with resistance to 4 strains of virus presently limiting to pepper production in south Florida. Dr. Cook will be present at the plots to report on present status of this project. **** ***************** LAND 3 BLOCK A J. F. Price Mr. Price is a graduate student in the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville. He works with Dr. S. L. Poe. Effects of Certain Cultural Practices on Insect Populations The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects on insect populations when tomatoes are grown using different cultural practices. There are four different treatments in this experiment (A through D). Each of the four treatments is replicated seven times. Plots are labeled according to the diagram below: Staked Not Staked Not Mulched Mulched A C D B -3- LAND 8 BLOCK A J. P. Crill Potted Tomato Variety Evaluation Objective: To evaluate parental lines and F, hybrids for general adaptability to potted plant culture. Treatments: Crop was transplanted to the field on March 13 through black paper mulch under which 1500 lbs/Acre of 18-0-25 fertilizer was placed. These genetic stocks are the partial results of a crossing program to obtain earliness and concentrated fruit set in standard type varieties. Most of the potted plant lines are a result of crossing two plant introduction (P.I.) lines with Walter, Florida MH-1 and a few other varieties. The standard type plants with large fruit were selected for use in the fresh-market breeding program. The short, compact plants were selected for use as ornamental potted plants. Experiments with pot size, potting media and rate and type of fertilizer have indicated some lines are very well adapted to pot culture as ornamental plants. This experiment is a grow out test on a large scale to evaluate parental lines and the resulting F1 hybrids for uniformity and plant type. Results: It is anticipated that 3 or 4 of the most promising pure lines will be released as genetic stocks for use by other experiment stations and seed companies. Since potted tomatoes are in such demand by apartment dwellers as well as home-owners, 1 or 2 lines may be increased and sold directly; however, the maximum value will be realized through F hybrid varieties. 1 LAND 9 BLOCK A J., P. Crill Old Vai-iety Tomato Nursery Objetive: To evaluate standard varieties for horticultural and nutritional qualities. Treatments: Seeded JanUary 5, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field March 5 through black paper mulch under which 550 pounds of 18-0-25 fertilizer was placed per row (1500 lbs/acre rate). Fruit from old and new standard varieties will be evaluated qualities. The effect of ethylene treatment on nutritional be compared with fruit not treated with ethylene; for general nutritional quality of fruit will Plot No. Name Saturn Marglobe Sweet Cherry Chanasy Early ENZA 711838 ENZA 712200 Walter 389024 Walter 522003 191 803 583 581 811 1039 1053 1432 809 796 1040 1394 804 798 233 1045 1435 806 Ohio MR-12 Bonny Best Schnecks #1 Strano Special ENZA 711767 Panase F Walter 389026 Walter 31215 Maryland 118 Floradel Super Sioux Tropic Cuautla 70 Florida MH-1 Catface Walter Walter 546 Walter 37095 Merit 329 1042 584 793 810 237 1052 1433 808 798 802 1057 791 000 232 1044 1056 805 Ponderosa Oxheart Schnecks #2 TropiGro ENZA 711766 Patio Walter 389025 Walter 389011 Caroline Indian River Atkinson Tropic VF368020 Homestead 24 721402-1 White Walter Walter 754-27 VFII Bush Red Rock 795 1041 1047 794 789 243 1046 1434 807 799 800 1058 XXX XXX 790 1043 792 069 Manapal Mrs.Corbetts Spec. Schnecks #3 TropiRed Florida MH-1 Sub Arctic Delite Walter Walter 938 Dorchester Manasota Manalucie Tropic VF368021 Ace Royal Ace Walter Walter 389-505 Campbell 28 Chico III 173 801 330 242 812 813 1054 1055 LAND 11 BLOCK A (EAST END) C. M. Geraldson Effect of Selected Nutrient Gradient Variations on Yield and Quality of Machine Harvest Type Tomatoes Set 3/8 Purpose: To study the effect on yields and quality of altering the nutrient gradient by additions of selected single salts. Variable: Fertilizer rate and source A 720 #/A 1 2 3 8 18-0-25-2 B 1440 #/A + calcium nitrate 720#/A calcium chloride " sodium nitrate " potassium nitrate " -- 720 #/A St Varieties: Row 1(S) 2 3 4(N) 1B 5 l Basic 500 1bs SuperPhos + 20 Ibs Frit (FN 503)/A Results: Spring 72: 400-500 bu/A; Fall 72: 300-500 bu/A. Quality: ? ** ** ** ** *** ** ** * LAND 11 BLOCK A (WEST END) D. S. Burgis Pruning Test on Determinate Type Tomatoes. Test superimposed on Rep. D. of Herb- Nematicide-Soil Fungicide Test. Purpose: To establish some guidelines to show the best time and method for pruning determinate type tomatoes. Since the determinante type plant has limited growth and production potential any pruning will reduce fruit number and this must be balanced by an increase in the size of those produced. Treatments: not pruned 3 prunes removed 6 prunes removed 9 prunes removed Plants set March 23 Variety Florida MH-1 Fertilizer 1800 Ibs/A 18-0-25-2 Plants pruned April 30, 1973 Results: In two past seasons, results have indicated that the increased fruit size and earliness. Total number of fruit is increase of the remainder means that an equal number of 30 Ib removal of 3 to 6 prunes reduced but the size packed boxes result. Recommendations: Presently suggest pruning for limited trial only. MH-1 721531-1 721501-2 721653-1 -6- LAND 11 BLOCK A (WEST END) D. S. Burgis Test of Herbicide-Nematicide-Soil Fungicide Treatments purpose: To test effectiveness of Tillam herbicide and Vapam soil fumigant separ- ately and as mixtures applied as bed-over type treatment immediately prior to the installation of full bed mulch covet. The timing of installation of the cover is critical because of the volatility of the chemicals. Plots were covered approximately 30 min. after treating. Plants were set on March 23, 1973. Variety Florida MH-1 Fertilizer 1500 ib/A 18-0-25-2 Treatments and rates-were on broadcast basis. 1. Vapam, 40 gpa + Tillam 4 Ib (tank mix) 2. Vapam, 40 gpa 3. Vapam, 60 gpa + Tillam 4 Ib (tank mix) S4. Vapam, 60 gpa 5. Tillam, 4 Ib 6. Check no treatment Results: No differences can be seen and results will depend on yield records to be obtained later. LAND 12 BLOCK A J. P. Crill D. S. Burgis This 550 foot land was in-the-bed fumigated with Dow 3711 on Feb. 1, 1973, fertilized (1500 Ib/A 18-0-25-2) and covered immediately. The fumigation was necessary because none of the STEP (Southern Tomato Exchange Program) tomato lines have Fusarium (Race 2) resistance. Experimental nurseries in this land (from West to East) are as follows: I. Fresh Market Tomato Observation Nursery Objective: To evaluate promising fresh market tomato breeding lines for general adaptability and use in the Florida fresh market tomato industry. Treatments: Seeded Ja.-uary 9, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field Feb. 26 through black paper mulch. Plot No. Designation 22 STEP 602 23 STEP 603 24 STEP 611 25 STEP 612 26 STEP 613 27 STEP 614 28 STEP 615 II. Machine Harvest Fresh Market Replicated Yield Nursery ObjectSive To evaluate fresh market type tomato breeding lines for yield, pack out, nutritional qualities aid adaptability to complete mechanization, Treatments: Seeded January 9, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field Feb. 26 through black paper mulcht Designation Florida MH-1 730130 730149 730178 731307 731308 731287 Breeder University of Florida oI III. Indeterminate Fresh Market Hand Harvest Replicated Yield Nursery Objective: To evaluate most promising varieties and breeding lines for trellis culture. Treatments:.Seeded January 9, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field Feb. 26 through black paper mulch. Designation Floradel Tropic Homestead 24 STEP 592 STEP 594 STEP 606 STEP 607 Breeder University of Florida University of Florida USDA-VBL T. P. Hernandez, Louisiana State Univ. W. H. Greenleaf, Auburn University A. L. Harrison Texas Agric. Expt. Sta. T. P. Hernandez, Louisiana State Univ. IV. Fresh Market Hand Harvest Replicated Yield Nursery Objcctive: To evaluate commercial, STEP (Southern Tomato Exchange Program) and University of Florida tomato breeding lines for general adaptability, yield, pack out and nutritional qualities of fresh market fruit. T'-atments: Seeded January 9, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field reb. 26 through black paper mulch. Plot No. Designation Breeder Walter 720357-1-BK 721532-1 731111 OHH2-I1 STEP 604 STEP 608 AREC-Bradenton AREC-Bradenton AREC-Bradenton AREC-Bradenton AREC-Bradenton E. A. Borchers, Virginia Agr. Expt. Sta. E. V. Wann, USDA-VBL-Charleston Plot No. Plot No. -8- V. Canning Tomato Observation Nursery Land 12 Objective: To evaluate, by observation only, the promising commercial, STEP (Southern Tomato Exchange Program) and University of Florida tomato breeding lines for adaptability to whole-pack canning. Treatments: Seeded January 9, pricked March 6 through black paper mulch. Plot No. Designation S730977 730978 730979 730980 730983 7309k2 730985 730986 730987 730988 730989 730990 730991 730994 730995 730996 730997 730998 731000 731001 731002 731003 Breeder out January 26, transplanted to field Plot No. AREC 'B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B ~ AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B Designation 731004 731005 731006 731007 731009 STEP 1017 STEP 1039 STEP 1042 STEP 1050 STEP 1052 STEP 1055 STEP 1056 STEP 1057 STEP 1058 STEP 1059 STEP 1060 STEP 1061 STEP 1062 STEP 1063 STEP 1064 STEP 1065 VT. Cannine Tomato Replicated Yield Nursery Land 12 East End Objective: To evaluate commercial, STEP (Southern Tomato Exchange Program) and University of Florida tomato breeding lines for general adaptability and yield of lye-peeled, whole pack, canned tomatoes. Treatments: Seeded January 9, pricked out January 26, transplanted to field March 6 through black paper mulch. Plot No. Designation STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP 1003 1018 1040 1044 1043 1051 1053 Breeder Plot No. Designation STEP 1054 730981 730984 730992 730993 730999 731008 Breeder AREC B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B Breeder AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B AREC-B BLOCK B ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH S. L. Poe, J. P. Jones and J. F. Price A means of insect control is still paramount to quality vegetable production in Florida even in this day of ecological awareness and conservation efforts, There has but one means been demonstrated and established as reliable for use on short term vegetable crops and that means is through use of chemical insecti- cides. Much of the work reported herein relates to evaluation of chemicals for pest control. Several key or major pests must be recognized for any crop grown. Tomatoes are still readily attacked by fruitworms (tomato fruitworm, Heliothis zea, southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua) and fruit must be protected from these pests. The granulate cutworm Feltia subterranea has become a more important fruit pest where plants are not staked. Resurgent pests such as tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella can be expected to become devastating occasionally and for these pests controls also must be formulated. Pests of pepper include aphids, whose greatest damage results from virus trans- mission, fruitworms, and recently, another resurgent pest the pepper weevil. The absence of most useful chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has resulted in use of more acutely toxic materials which are more expensive and less persistent. A shorter interval between applications and efficient plant coverage are necessary when non-persistent contact insecticides are recommended. Presently recommended materials for insect control on vegetables such as tomato, pepper, and the cucurbits are adequate. However, attention should be given to the mechanics of spray application seeking thorough coverage and the optimum time for treatment, as well as use of the best material. By timing the appli- cation to correspond to actual need, several sprays could be eliminated during the crop life. Selective timing of treatments can reduce the cost of production where adequate observation and control of fields are maintained. LAND 5 BLOCK B (WEST END) S. L. Poe and J. P. Jones Crop Mortality Factors Purpose: (Exp 73ST-3). An evaluation of tomatoes grown under optimum and suboptimum culture conditions to determine mortality and yield reducing factors. The above data are to be used in formulating a pest management strategy for pest control on tomatoes. Treatments: Block 1. ABCD replicates untreated Block 2. ABCD replicates sprayed weekly with methomyl - dimethoate + M-45 Cultural Data: Land pH 7.0, fumigated Plants staked, pruned and tied individually. Variety Walter -10- LAND 6 BLOCK B (WEST END) - Purpose: (Exp. 73ST-2). Evaluations of chemicals attacking tomatoes. Treatment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Control Fundal 90S Dipel 25W Fundal + Dipel Fundal + Dipel Orthene 75WP Monitor 4E Dibrom + Toxaphene 4E Guthion 2E + Dylox 4LS Phosvel 2.7EC Zolone 3 EC Dylox 80WP S. L. Poe for control of insect pests Rate ai/A 0.50 0.50 0.12 0.25 0.50 0.50 2.00 0.75 + 0.50 1.0 1.0 1.0 Pertinent Data: Walter tomatoes set 3-1-73. Applications made weekly with hand sprayer. CO2 powered at 40 psi. LAND 6 BLOCK B (EAST) S. L. Poe Purpose: (Exp. 73S-1). Evaluation of materials for control of insect pests attacking sweet peppers. Treatment Rate ai/A Check Dibrom + Toxaphene .75 + 4 EC Meta Systox R 2EC Phosvel 2.7EC Furadan 4F Orthene 75WP Zolone 3EC Monitor 4EC Pirimor 50WP + Dipel 25W Pertinent Data: a hand sprayer. Yolo Wonder peppers set 3/1/73.. Four applications made with CO2 powered at 40 psi. 1.0 0.27 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.25 0.25 -11- LAND 6 BLOCK C A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones Performance of tomatoes on "old land" under different cultural management. Objective: To evaluate several methods of producing tomato on rootknot and Fusarium wilt infested soil. Key to thb plots: (4 replicates) Soil .treatments: 90 ft. plots 1. Planavin 2. Furadan 10G + Planavin 3. Telone + Planavin 4. Vorlex 5. MC-33 Types of Broadcast rate 1 lb/a (to control weeds) 10 Ibs/a + 1 lb/a 25 gal/a + 1 Ib/a 35 gal/a 320 Ibs/a plants: 15 plant plots - B. Bareroot seedlings J. Container grown in Jiffy-7 pots S. Speedlings P. Plug mix (seeds incubated in Promix B 24 hrs) covered with Perlite Procedure: 1. Treatment 2 (Furadan) was broadcast and rotary tilled prior to bedding.- 2. Treatments 1, 2, 3 (Planavin) sprayed and incorporated 1-2 inches deep on finished bed. 3. All other treatments: Injected 6 inches deep into finished bed through 3 chisels 8 inches apart prior to fertilizing and mulching. 4. Planting: (a) Treatments 1 and 2 were set with B, J, S and P immediately after mulching the beds. (b) All other plots were set 14 days after treatment with B, J, S and P 14 days younger than those placed in treatments 1 and 2. Comments: The question we hope to answer is: When a field has been prepared for growing tomatoes which course of action is economically feasible for the grower? 1. Treating with a herbicide and planting immediately, gambling that the environment will not be favorable for other pest activity during the season. 2. Treating with a contact nematicide and a herbicide and planting immediately with the idea that the 2 week head start on the growing season will offset any loss of yield due to Fusarium wilt. 3. Treating with 1 of several broad spectrum fumigants and waiting 2 weeks before he can plant, depending on improved crop growth in the absence of disease pressure to offset the delay in starting the crop. 4. Using the cheaper bareroot transplant to offset cost of soil treatment and the 2 week delay in planting, the more expensive Speedlings or Jiffy-7's to eliminate transplant shock, or plug mix which eliminates transplant shock, is inexpensive, but requires hand labor for thinning. -12- LAND 5 BLOCK C A. J. Overman and J. P. Jones Control of Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes on tomato. Objective: To compare the efficacy of 2 nematicides, 3 broad spectrum fumigants, a herbicide and a fungicide-herbicide in tomato production on "old land." Broadcast rate Planavin EDB-W85 + Planavin Vorlex Terrocide 30 Terrocide 30D Sodium azide 8G + Furadan 10G Vorlex Sodium azide 8G Procedure: 1 lb/A ai 6 gal/a 30 gal/a 30 gal/a 30 gal/a 30 Ibs + 10 Ibs/a 35 gal/a 30 Ibs/a Treatments 6 and 8: Broadcast and rotary tilled prior to bedding. Treatments 1 and 2: Planavin sprayed over the bed and incorporated 1-2 inches deep prior to fertilizing and mulching. All other treatments: Injected 6 inches deep into finished bed through 3 chisels 8 inches apart, prior to fertilizing and mulching. 2. Replicated 4 times, 40 ft. plots. 3. Manapal speedlings set 14 days after treatment. Comments: Questions we hope to answer: 1. Is control of nematodes alone (EDB) adequate economic protection for tomatoes grown under a mulch in soil infested with the Fusarium wilt organism? Previous work has indicated that a significant reduction in wilt severity results from nematode control. 2. Does 9 gals. of chloropicrin improve production when combined with nematode control (EDB or D-D)? 3. Does sodium azide provide protection from wilt far enough into the season to increase production? 4. Does Furadan in mulch culture compare favorably with the soil fumigants for nematode control? 5. In the spring of the year when soils are cooler, how does 30 gal/a of Vorlex perform in comparison with other treatments? Key to Field Plots: -13- LAND 4 BLOCK C A. ji Overman and J. P. Jones Control of Verticillium wilt and rootknot nematodes on tomato. Objective: To evaluate the economics of preplant soil treatments of different price levels. Key to the plots: (4 replicates) Planavin Sodium azide 8G Furadan 10G Azide + Furadan Vorlex MC-33 Procedure: Comments 1 lb/a to control weeds 30 lbs/a 10 Ibs/a 30 + 10 lbs/a 35 gal/a 350 Ibs/a 1. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 were broadcast and rotary tilled prior to bedding. 2. Treatments 5 and 6 were injected 6 inches deep through 3 chisels spaced 8 inches apart. 3. All plots were fertilized and mulched immediately following application of treatment 6. 4. Holes were punched 14 days later and "Walter" speedlings were set. 1. Vorlex and NC-33 over past seasons have given excellent control of Verticillium wilt for 4 months in tomato crops. 2. Sodium azide at 30 Ibs/a controlled Fusarium wilt in the fall tomato test. Questions we hope to answer: a) Is 30 Ibs/a azide phytotoxic in the cooler soil treated for a spring crop? b) Will rootknot control with Furadan in a Verticillium- infested field enhance crop yield? c) Is the economy of the azide plus Furadan treatment reflected in crop returns? -14- LAND 3 BLOCK C A. J. OVERMAN Cover Crop Rotations with Fall Tomatoes Objective: Evaluation of nematicide relationships of cover crops adaptable to spring seeding in fall tomato beds to conserve residual fertilizer and discourage weeds in off-season. Procedure: Beds were constructed with high analysis fertilizer banded on the shoulders and full-bed mulch. Cover crops were seeded through the mulch. Key to the field plots: Crops 50' single bed plots NK 265 Savanna NK 121 NK 180 NK 266 Savanna 3 NK 277 8. Sorghum NK 233 9. Sorghum Mini Milo 10. Sorghum NK 129 11. Sesbania macrocarpa 12, Aschenomene americanum 13. Sweet corn Silver Queen 14. Native cover Comments: The project is beginning with this season-with a companion field which will rotate cover crops with spring tomatoes. LAND 2 BLOCK C J. P. JONES Control of Foliage Diseases of Tomato Purpose: Control of Alternaria early blight. Treatments: Dithane M-45 Bravo 75W CitCop 4E TBCS Bravo + CitCop Bravo TBCS M-45 + CitCop 8. M-45 + TBCS 9. M-45 + Dyrene 10. Dyrene 11. Bravo 6F 3 12. Bravo 6F 6 13. Bravo 6F 9 14. Control pints weekly pints every 2nd week pints every 4th week Results: Incomplete. Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum -15- LAND 1 BLOCK C J. P. Jones and S. S. Woltz Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes Purpose: Determine effect of soil pH, nitrogen source, ethionine (amino acid analogue), and a non-pathogenic Fusarium race on the development of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Treatments: I. Varieties 1. Walter 2. Manapal II. Variety Preconditioning 1. Ethionine 2. Race 1 inoculated III. Soil pH 1. 6.0 IV. Nitrogen source 1. NH4-N 2. 7.0 2. NO3-N Results: Incomplete. 3. 7.8 -16- LAND 9 BLOCk J A. J. Overman Nutgrass Control Objective: Observational evaluation of nutgrass control with a fumigant rate of sodium azide. Procedure: Sodium and 75 ft long in tilled. Key to the Plots: Comments: azide 120 Ibs a.i./acre was broadcast on 4 plots 6 ft wide 1 row. One row served as a control. Both rows were rotary 1. Azide, no mulch 2. Azide, mulch for 2 weeks 3. Azide, mulch for 2 weeks 4. Azide, no mulch 5. Control, no mulch Gladiolus corms set on the tilled surface. Soil listed over corms. Plots 3 and 4 pressed. 1. Mulch improved nutgrass control. 2. Two weeks was not long enough to wait to set gladiolus. 3. Pressing increased residual phytotoxic levels of azide. 4. Previous trial indicated that nutgrass control was not adequate when beds were constructed immediately after incorporating azide. LAND 12 BLOCK J J. P. Jones and J. P. Crill Verticillium Wilt Test Purpose: Determine effect of Verticillium albo-atrum on tomato yields. Treatments: I. Variety 1. Bonny Best 2. Walter 3. Fla. MH-1l 4. Tropic II. Fumigation 1. Vorlex 35 gpa 2. None III. Inoculation 1. Inoculated with Verticillium albo-atrum 2. Non-inoculated Results: Incomplete. !rXriW'AlXWwT W 7rcW-Tyr^ orWryr -17- LAND 3. 4, BLOCK I C. M. Geraldson Manipulation of Nutrient Gradients Purpose: To study the effect on yield and quality of altering the nutrient gradient by addition of selected single salts. Sweet corn 1st: lobelle (S) Silver Queen (N) Planted 1st 2nd 2/16 3/16 2/16 3/16 Harvested 1st 2nd 5/7 -- Variables Fertilizer rate and source Rows N, M, S 1000 lbs/A A, B 1250 C, D 750 Row Rate 18-0-25-2 750 Ibs/A + calcium nitrate calcium chloride magnesium sulfate ammonium nitrate ammonium sulfate ammonium phosphate sodium nitrate potassium sulfate potassium chloride potassium nitrate 18-0-25-2 Basic 500 Ibs SuperPhosphate + 20 Ibs frit (FN 503/A). Sweet corn (spring 1972) 480-640 crates/A Plantings (3/3 and 3/20) Other Crops: Tomatoes Pepper Squash Cucumbers Cantaloupe Pole Beans 1000-1500 600-1200 500-1000 500-1000 ---- Field I: Source 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Results: bu/A bu/A bu/A bu/A LAND 6 BLOCK G A. J. Overman Foliar sprays for rootknot control on tomato. Objective: To evaluate transplant drench. Key to the field plots: the nematicide Vydate as a foliar spray and soil Bareroot transplants Jiffy-7 transplants Speedlings Plug-mix seeds Transplant drench 1. Water 2. Water 3. Water 4. Water 5. Vydate 6. Vydate 1 pt/100 gal 7. Vydate 4 oz/plant 8. Vydate Foliar sprays 3, 3, 1. Control 2. Vydate 800 ppm 3. Vydate 1200 ppm 4. Vydate 2400 ppm 5. Vydate 800 ppm 6. Vydate 1200 ppm 7. Vydate 2400 ppm 8. Control Comments: No differences are apparent among treatments to date. GREENHOUSE AREA C. M. Geraldson Continued Development of the Concepts of a Non-Variable Root Environment. Purpose: Integrating contributing components so as to minimize contributing variables in the production system. Components: - Moisture source: Trickle-micro pore Soil: Peat-sand-local soil Fertilizer: 3000-4000 Ibs/A 18-0-25-2 Nutrients in the irrigation water Basic: 1000 lbs SuperPhos + 40 lbs Frit/A Crops: Sweet corn Silver Queen - Tomatoes Walter, 721770-1 Eggplant Carnations Pepper Yolo Wonder Beans Cantalope Edisto planted Set Set Set Set planted Set 2/26 3/26 3/12 3/13 3/9 3/14 3/15 Variables Placement Moisture Fertilizer Plants Results: Non-variable root environment and an associated optimal production. Treatments: 3 wks |