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Title: Tomato variety evaluation.
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 Material Information
Title: Tomato variety evaluation.
Series Title: Tomato variety evaluation.
Alternate Title: Research report - Bradenton Gulf Coast Research and Education Center ; BRA-2000-2
Physical Description: Serial
Language: English
Creator: Maynard, D. N.
Scott, J. W.
Dunlap, A. M.
Publisher: Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida
Publication Date: Spring 2000
 Record Information
Bibliographic ID: UF00054238
Volume ID: VID00003
Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: oclc - 62705367

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GCREC Research Report BRA 2000-2


TOMATO VARIETY EVALUATION, SPRING 2000


D. N. Maynard', J. W. Scott' and A. M. Dunlap2
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center
University of Florida
5007 60th Street East
Bradenton, FL 34203


In 1998-99, 43,400 acres of tomatoes were harvested in Florida, yielding 61.3 million 25-pound
cartons worth over $460 million. Tomatoes accounted for almost 30% of the total value for all
vegetables grown during 1998-99, making it the most important vegetable produced in the state. The
Palmetto-Ruskin area (west-central Florida) accounted for over 36% of the state's total fresh market
tomato production in 1998-99 (Witzig and Pugh, 2000).

A tomato variety trial was conducted in spring 2000 at the Gulf Coast Research & Education Center-
Bradenton located in west-central Florida to evaluate fresh market tomato varieties and breeding
lines. Eighteen large-fruited and five plum/saladette entries were evaluated in a replicated yield trial
and an additional 33 entries including 29 standard fresh market tomato entries and 2 plum tomato
entries, 1 cherry tomato entry, and 1 saladette type entry were evaluated visually in unharvested
observational plots.

Materials and Methods

Seeds were sown on 11 January into planter flats (1.5 x 1.5 x 2.5-inch cells) containing a commercial
mix (Florikan, 1523 Edger Place, Sarasota, FL 34240) of vermiculite, Canadian sphagnum peat and
poly beads and then covered with a layer of coarse vermiculite and germinated in a greenhouse.
Plants were conditioned before transplanting by limiting water and nutrients in the final phase of
production.

Soil samples from the experimental area obtained before fertilization were analyzed by the
University of Florida Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (Hanlon and DeVore, 1989): pH = 7.4 and
Mehlich I extractable P = 44 (high), K = 59 (medium), Mg = 120 (high), Ca = 790 (adequate), Zn
= 4.3 (adequate), Cu = 2.7 (adequate), and Mn = 2.2 (response possible) ppm. The EauGallie fine
sand was prepared in early August. Beds were formed and fumigated with methylbromide:
chloropicrin, 67:33 at 2.3 lb/100 lbf. Banded fertilizer was applied in shallow grooves on the bed
shoulders at 2.34-0-3.25 lb N-P205-K20/100 lbf after the beds were pressed and before the white on
black polyethylene mulch was applied. The total fertilizer applied was equivalent to 203-0-283 Ib


'Professor.
2Biological Scientist.










N-P205-K20/A. The final beds were 32 in. wide and 8 in. high, and were spaced on 5 ft centers with
six beds between seepage irrigation/drainage ditches which were on 41 ft centers.

Transplants were set in the field on 2 March and spaced 24 in. apart in single rows down the center
of each bed. Transplants were immediately drenched with water containing 16 fl. oz./acre of
imidacloprid for silverleafwhitefly control. Four replications of 10 plants per entry were arranged
in a randomized complete block design in the replicated trial and single 10-plant plots were used in
the observational trial. Plants were lightly pruned, staked and tied.

Plants were scouted for pests throughout the season. Lepidopterous larvae, leafminers and silverleaf
whitefly were the primary insects found. Bacillus thuringiensis, insecticidal soap, spinosad,
buprofezin, endosulfan, tebufenozide, and permethrin were used according to label instructions to
manage insect pest populations during the season. A preventative spray program using maneb,
mancozeb, and chlorothalonil was followed for management of plant pathogens. Tomato yellow
leaf curl virus affected plants were removed and disposed of early in the season, but were allowed
to remain after the second tie.

Fruit from replicated entry plants were harvested at or beyond the mature-green stage on 10 and 22
May and 2 June. Tomatoes were graded as cull or marketable by U.S. standards for grades (USDA,
1981) and marketable fruit were sized by machine (see footnotes Tables 2,3 for specifications).
Both cull and marketable fruit were counted and weighed. Subjective ratings of plant and fruit
characteristics were made on the observational entries.

Results and Discussion

Temperatures during the experimental period from 2 March to 2 June were near the 45-year average
(Table 1). Rainfall was less than normal throughout the period.

Replicated Trial

The replicated fresh market trial included 18 entries and the plum/saladette trial included 5 entries.

Fresh Market Early Harvest Yields: Early yields ranged from 781 25-lb cartons/acre for RFT 6153
to 1974 cartons/acre for HA-3017 (Table 2). Two other entries, 'Agriset 761' and Fla. 7885 had
yields similar to HA-3017. Extra large fruit yield varied from 721 cartons/acre for RFT 6153 to
1598 cartons/acre for 'Agriset 761'. Five other entries; HA-3017, Fla. 7885, ASX 9100, 'Florida
47', and PS 150535 had early extra large fruit yields similar to those of 'Agriset 761'. Large fruit
yields varied from 50 cartons/acre for RFT 6153 to 376 cartons/acre for HA-3017. Average fruit
weight for the early harvests ranged from 6.4 oz for NC 96365 and 'Sun Chaser' to 8.2 oz for PS
150535. Plant stand was significantly lower for HA-3017 and 'Sun Chaser' than the other entries.
Cull fruit by weight for the early harvests varied from 8% for 'Solimar' to 23% for Fla. 7922 and
'Sanibel'. The principal defects were blossom-end rot, large blossom scars, persistent green
shoulders and rough shoulders.











Fresh Market Total Yields: Seasonal yields from three harvests ranged from1968 cartons/acre for
RFT 6153 to 3247 cartons/acre for Fla. 7885. Seven other entries had yields similar to those of Fla.
7885. All entries produced yields greater than the state average yield for spring 1998-99 of 1591
cartons/acre (Witzig and Pugh, 1999).

Yields of extra large fruit varied from 1392 cartons/acre for NC 96365 to 2611 cartons/acre for PS
150535. Ten other entries had extra large fruit yields similar to those of PS 150535. Large fruit
yields ranged from 230 cartons/acre for 'Sunbeam' to 726 cartons/acre for NC 96365. Cull fruit for
the entire season varied from 11% for PS 150535 to 25% for 'Sanibel' and 'Solar Set'. Blossom-end
rot and persistent green shoulder affected fruit were the principal defects. Average fruit weight
was from 5.8 oz for NC 96365 to 7.8 oz for 'Agriset 761', PS 150535, and 'Florida 91'. The
incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection was low and varied from none for HA-3017,
'Agriset 761', and PS 150535 to 13% for RFT 6153, but there was no significant difference among
the entries.

Plum/Saladette Entries: Early yields varied from 580 cartons/acre for PX 150046 to 1160
cartons/acre for 'Toro'. Average early harvest fruit weight ranged from 3.1 oz for 'Plum Dandy' to
3.9 oz for 'Toro' (Table 4). Total yields ranged from 1804 cartons/acre for 'Stallion' to 2214
cartons/acre for 'Plum Dandy'. Blossom-end rot affected fruit and undersize fruit were the principal
causes of defective fruit. The incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus was very low and not
significant (Table 5).

Observational Trial: Entries in the observational trial were rated twice during the season for
horticultural characteristics (Table 6). There were no rain check affected fruit so that fruit defect
does not appear in the table. These ratings provide a general indication of crop performance at a
particular time and location.

Summary

Overall, total marketable yields surpassed those obtained at this location in recent spring seasons.
In spring 2000, yields ranged from over 1900 cartons/acre to more than 3200 cartons/acre.

The proportion of extra-large fruit was very high, e.g. about 88% of the PS 150535 and Florida 91
fruit were in this size category. Exceptional experimental hybrid performers in spring 2000 were Fla.
7885, HA-3017 and PS 150535. Fla. 7885 and HA-3017 were also stellar producers in the fall 1999
trials.

Note

The information contained in this report is a summary of experimental results. No discrimination
is intended nor endorsement implied where trade names are used.










Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the following firms for their financial support of vegetable variety evaluation
during 1999 and 2000. Abbott & Cobb; Agrisales, Inc.; BHN Research; Harris Moran Seed Co.;
Hazera Quality Seeds; Novartis Seeds, Inc. Vegetables,NAFTA; Paramount Seeds, Inc.; d. palmer
seed company, inc.; Sakata Seed America; Shamrock Seed Co., Inc.; Southwestern Seed Co., Sugar
Creek Seeds, Inc.; Sunseeds; and Willhite Seed, Inc.

Literature Cited

Hanlon, E. A. and J. M. DeVore. 1989. IFAS extension soil testing laboratory chemical procedures
and training manual. Fla. Coop. Ext. Circ. 812.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1981. U.S. standards for grades of tomato. USDA Agr.
Marketing Serv., USDA, Washington, D.C.

Witzig, J. D. and N. L. Pugh. 2000. Florida agricultural statistics. Vegetable summary 1998-1999.
Fla. Agr. Stat. Serv., Orlando, FL.









Table 1. Temperature and rainfall at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center during the
spring of 2000 and the 45-year average (fawn.ifas.ufl.edu).


Maximum
2000' 45-yr avg

79 78

79 82

88 87

92 90


Minimum
2000' 45-yr avg

59 55

58 60

66 65

68 70


Rainfall (in.)

20001 45-yr avg

2.63 3.29

0.06 1.71

1.05 3.16

0.01 7.53


'Transplanted 2 March 2000. Last harvest 2 June 2000.


Month
March

April

May

June









Table 2. Seed source, early marketable yields, average marketable fruit weight, cull percentages,
and plant stands for fresh market tomato entries in the first and second harvest, 10 May 2000 and
22 May 2000. Spring 2000.


Entry
HA-3017
Agriset 761
Fla 7885
ASX 9100
Florida 47
PS 150535
Fla 7816
Florida 91
NC 96365
Sun Chaser
Solimar
Fla 7922
Solar Set
Sanibel
PS 23497
Sunbeam
Sunguard
RFT 6153


Source
Hazera
Agrisales
GCREC
Agrisales
Asgrow
Petoseed
GCREC
Asgrow
NCAES
Petoseed
Asgrow
GCREC
Asgrow
Petoseed
Petoseed
Asgrow
Asgrow
Agrisales


Early Harvest
Total X-Large Large Medium
------------------ (cartons/A)'-----------------
1974 a3 1517 ab 376 a 81 a
1809 ab 1598 a 194 b-e 17 c-e
1685 a-c 1419 a-c 221 b-d 44 be
1507 b-d 1343 a-d 147 c-f 16 c-e
1495 b-d 1377a-c 105 d-f 13 de
1482 b-d 1414 a-c 64 f 5 e
1280 c-e 1044 c-e 208 b-e 29 c-e
1218 d-f 1156 b-e 59 f 3e
1208 d-f 828 e 307 ab 73 a
1195 d-f 839 e 291 ab 65 ab
1193 d-f 1089 c-e 93 ef 11 de
1170 d-f 871 e 261 be 37 cd
1163 d-f 927 de 198 b-e 38 cd
1141 d-f 1039 c-e 94 ef 8 de
1066 d-f 875 e 155 c-f 36 cd
993 ef 929 de 58 f 6e
934 ef 766 e 142 c-f 25 c-e
781 f 721 e 50 f 10 de


' Carton = 25 lbs. Acre = 8712 lbf. Grading belt hole sizes: X-Large = no belt, greater than 2.75";
Large = 2.75"; medium=2.5"; and Cull=2.25".
2 By weight.
3 Mean separation in columns by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.


Avg
Fruit
Wt
(oz)
7.1 c-f
8.1 a
7.1 c-f
7.3 a-e
8.0 a-c
8.2 a
7.5 a-d
8.0 a-c
6.4 f
6.4 f
7.5 a-d
6.5 ef
6.8 d-f
7.8 a-c
7.2 b-f
8.1 ab
7.4 a-e
8.0 a-c


Culls
(%)2
15 a-c
13 a-c
13 a-c
16 a-c
13 a-c
9 be
15 a-c
17 a-c
14 a-c
18 a-c
8c
23 a
20 a-c
23 a
16 a-c
15 a-c
19 a-c
21 ab


Plant
Stand
(%)
93 b
100 a
100 a
100 a
100 a
98 ab
100 a
100 a
100 a
93 b
100 a
100 a
100 a
100 a
98 ab
100 a
100 a
98 ab


___


__


___


__


"'


"'


"'









Table 3. Total marketable yields, average marketable fruit weight, and cull percentages for fresh
market tomato entries in spring 2000. (Harvest Dates: 10 and 22 May, 2 June, 2000).


Entry
Fla 7885
HA-3017
Agriset 761
PS 150535
Solimar
Fla 7816
ASX 9110
Florida 47
Sunbeam
Florida 91
PS 23497
Sanibel
NC 96365
Solar Set
Fla 7922
Sunguard
Sun Chaser
RFT 6153


Total Harvest
Total X-Large Large Medium
-----------------(cartons/A)'----------------
3247 a4 2487 ab 620 a-c 139 b-e
3185 ab 2336 a-c 655 ab 195 b
3072 a-c 2580 a 421 b-f 71 ef
2941 a-d 2611 a 286 ef 44 f
2883 a-e 2323 a-c 466 b-f 94 d-f
2775 a-e 2120 a-e 536 a-d 119 b-f
2752 a-e 2216 a-d 433 b-f 104 c-f
2635 a-f 2248 a-d 322 d-f 66 ef
2581 b-f 2297 a-d 230 f 54 ef
2571 b-f 2278 a-d 251 ef 42 f
2501 c-f 1697 c-f 619 a-c 185 bc
2497 c-f 2040 a-f 378 c-f 80 d-f
2410 c-f 1392 f 726 a 292 a
2352 d-f 1801 b-f 467 b-f 83 d-f
2296 d-f 1476 ef 654 ab 166 b-d
2262 d-f 1623 c-f 497 a-e 142 b-e
2241 ef 1409 f 628 ab 204 b
1968 f 1594 d-f 308 d-f 65 ef


' Carton = 25 lbs. Acre = 8712 lbf. Grading belt hole sizes: X-Large = no belt, greater than 2.75";
Large = 2.75"; medium=2.5"; and Cull=2.25".
2 By weight.
3 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
4 Mean separation in columns by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.


Avg
Fruit
Wt
(oz)
6.8 a-d
6.6 b-d
7.8 a
7.8 a
7.1 a-c
6.8 a-d
6.8 a-d
7.4 ab
7.3 ab
7.8 a
6.1 cd
7.4 ab
5.8 d
6.6 b-d
5.9 d
6.5 b-d
6.1 cd
7.3 ab


Culls
(%)2
15 ab
18 ab
17 ab
11 b
16 ab
21 ab
18 ab
16 ab
18 ab
18 ab
22 a
25 a
16 ab
25 a
22 a
18 ab
20 ab
23 a


TYLCV3
(%)
5a
Oa
Oa
Oa
3a
3a
10a
10a
5a
3a
10a
3a
8a
3a
8a
3a
10a
13 a


__


_


__


I


_


--









Table 4. Seed source, early marketable yields, average marketable fruit weight, cull percentages,
and plant stands for fresh market plum and saladette tomato entries in the first and second harvest,
10 May 22 May 2000. Spring 2000.


Entry
Toro
Stallion
NC 98128
Plum Dandy
PX 150046


Source
Harris Moran
Harris Moran
NCAES
Harris Moran
Petoseed


Early Harvest
----(cartons/A)'---
1160 a4
817b
750 bc
667 bc
580 c


Table 5. Fruit type, total marketable yields, average marketable fruit weights, cull percentages
and TYLCV incidence for fresh market plum and saladette tomato entries in spring 2000.
(Harvest Dates: 10 and 22 May, 2 June, 2000).


Entry
Plum Dandy
NC 98128
Toro
PX 150046
Stallion


Fruit
Type
Plum
Saladette
Saladette
Saladette
Saladette


Total Harvest
----(cartons/A)'---
2214 a4
2122 a
1929 a
1860 a
1804 a


Culls
(%)2
16b
16b
36a
26 ab
30 ab


Avg
Fruit
Wt
(oz)
3.2 a
2.9 a
3.6 a
3.0 a
3.3 a


TYLCV3
(%)
3a
8a
3a
3a
5a


' Carton = 25 lbs. Acre = 8712 lbf.
2 By weight.
3 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
4 Mean separation in columns by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.


Culls
(%)2
27 a
26 a
15b
17b
24 a


Avg
Fruit
Wt
(oz)
3.9 a
3.8 ab
3.4 be
3.1 c
3.6 a-c


Plant
Stand
(%)
100 a
98 a
100 a
100 a
98 a











Table 6. Plant and fruit characters of tomato entries in the observational trial. Spring 2000.


Plant Fruit Characteristics Fruit Defects
Stand TYLCV Plant Color6 Blossom Cracks Pers. Gm.
Source/Entry (%) (%)2 Height3 Stem4 Shoulder5' Set6 Size7 Maturitys Shape? Internal External Firmness'o Scar' Zipper Radial Concentric Shldr.

BHN Research
BHN268 100 0 M jo gb5 5 4 2 C 3 4 5 5 5 4 5 2
BHN399 100 10 M jo gb4 3 5 3 DO 1 4 4 4 5 4 5 3
BHN410 100 0 S j2 ug4 5 4 2 P 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 4
BHN 442 100 20 T jo ug4 5 3 4 DO 5 5 5 3 5 4 5 4
Univ. of Florida
Fla. 7786 100 10 T jo ug4 5 4 4 O 3 5 3 4 5 4 5 4
Fla. 7791 100 10 M jo ug4 5 4 2 DO 4 5 3 3 5 4 5 4
Fla. 7810 100 20 S jo ug5 5 3 2 DO 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5
Fla. 7820 100 20 S jo ug5 4 3 2 O 3 4 4 4 3 5 5 5
Fla. 7822 100 0 M jo ug5 3 2 4 O 4 4 5 3 5 4 5 5
Fla. 7852 100 10 S jo ug3 4 3 4 O 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 5
Fla.7859 100 0 M jo ug2 3 2 3 DO 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5
Fla. 7862 100 20 T jo ug3 4 2 4 DO 5 5 3 5 4 3 5 5
Fla. 7884 90 10 T jo ug3 5 4 4 DO 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 4
Fla. 7887 100 0 M jo ug2 5 4 5 DO 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4
Fla. 7891 100 10 M jo ug5 5 4 4 O 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 2
Fla. 7924 100 0 T jo ug2 3 4 2 DO 3 4 2 2 5 4 5 3
Fla. 7925 100 10 M jo ug3 4 5 3 DO 1 3 5 4 5 5 5 4
Fla. 7926 100 10 S jo ug4 3 3 2 O 3 4 5 3 4 4 5 2
Fla. 7927 100 10 T jo ug5 5 3 3 DO 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4
Fla.7928 100 10 S jo ug4 4 4 4 DO 4 5 4 4 5 5 5
Fla. 7930 90 20 M jo ug4 3 2 3 0 5 4 2 2 4 5 4 5
Fla. 7937B 100 10 S jo ug4 4 4 3 0 4 4 4 3 5 4 5 4
Fla. 7940 100 0 S jo ug4 4 4 3 O 4 4 3 3 5 4 5 4
Fla. 7941 100 0 M jo ug3 2 2 3 O 5 5 4 2 5 5 5 4
Fla. 7942 100 0 T jo ug3 3 2 2 0 4 4 2 3 5 5 5 3
Fla. 7943 100 0 T jo ug3 3 3 4 O 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 5
Fla. 7944 100 0 M jo gb2 4 4 4 DO 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4
North Carolina State Univ.
NC98274 100 0 T jo ug4 4 4 3 DO 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5
NC99310 100 0 T jo ug4 2 3 3 O 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 2
NC99335 100 0 M jo ug4 3 3 2 P 2 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
NC99341 100 0 S jo ug5 2 4 3 S 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3
NC99405 100 10 M jo ug3 4 4 2 DO 2 3 5 3 4 5 5 4
NC 99406 100 0 M jo ug2 4 4 4 DO 2 3 4 2 5 5 5 2

'Percent of original plants.
'TYLCV = Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
3Short, Medium, Tall.
'jo =jointed, j2 =jointless.
'gb = greenback, ug = uniform green.
'1 poor 5 excellent.
71 small 5 large.
'1 early 5 late.
9G = globe, O = oblate, DO= deep oblate, P = plum, C = cherry, S = saladette.
'l" soft- 5 firm.
" I severe defect 5 no defect.








The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center


The Gulf Coast Research and Education Center is
a unit of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sci-
ences, University of Florida. The Research Center
originated in the fall of 1925 as the Tomato
Disease Laboratory with the primary objective of
developing control procedures for an epidemic out-
break of nailhead spot of tomato. Research was ex-
panded in subsequent years to include study of sev-
eral other tomato diseases.

In 1937, new research facilities were established
in the town of Manatee, and the Center scope was
enlarged to include horticultural, entomological, and
soil science studies of several vegetable crops. The
ornamental program was a natural addition to the
Center's responsibilities because of the emerging in-
dustry in the area in the early 1940's.

The Center's current location was established in
1965 where a comprehensive research and extension
program on vegetable crops and ornamental plants is
conducted. Three state extension specialists posi-
tions, 16 state research scientists, and two grant
supported scientists from various disciplines of
training participate in all phases of vegetable and
ornamental horticultural programs. This interdisci-
plinary team approach, combining several research
disciplines and a wide range of industry and faculty
contacts, often is more productive than could be ac-
complished with limited investments in independent
programs.


The Center's primary mission is to develop new
and expand existing knowledge and technology, and
to disseminate new scientific knowledge in Florida, so
that agriculture remains efficient and economically
sound.

The secondary mission of the Center is to assist
the Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS campus
departments, in which Center faculty hold appropri-
ate liaison appointments, and other research centers
in extension, educational training, and cooperative
research programs for the benefit of Florida's pro-
ducers, students, and citizens.

Program areas of emphasis include: (1) genetics,
breeding, and variety development and evaluation;
(2) biological, chemical, and mechanical pest manage-
ment in entomology, plant pathology, nematology,
bacteriology, virology, and weed science; (3) produc-
tion efficiency, culture, management, and counteract-
ing environmental stress; (4) water management and
natural resource protection; (5) post-harvest physiol-
ogy, harvesting, handling and food quality of horti-
cultural crops; (6) technical support and assistance to
the Florida Cooperative Extension Service; and (7)
advancement offundamental knowledge ofdisciplines
represented by faculty and (8) directing graduate
student training and teaching special undergraduate
classes.


Location of
GCREC Bradenton


IFAS IS:
Q The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,
University of Florida.
Q A statewide organization dedicated to teaching,
research and extension.
O Faculty located in Gainesville and at 13 research
and education centers, 67 county extension
offices and four demonstration units throughout
the state.
Q A partnership in food and agriculture, and natural
and renewable resource research and education,
funded by state, federal and local government,
and by gifts and grants from individuals, founda-
tions, government and industry.
3 An organization whose mission is:
Educating students in the food, agricultural,
and related sciences and natural resources.
Strengthening Florida's diverse food and
agricultural industry and its environment
through research.
Enhancing for all Floridians, the application
of research and knowledge to improve the
quality of life statewide through IFAS exten-
sion programs.




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