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Hu ME LIBRARY
:C 2 1976
AGRICULTURAL RESAfEAt
BRADENTON,
DECEMBER 2, 1976
Ornamental Open House
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida, Gainesville
LAKELAND
PLANT CITY
4
TAMPA
BAY
O F
IM. F X I C 0
LOCATION OF A.R.E.C.
BRADENTON, FLORIDA
1 INCH = 5 MILES
GULF
X/
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER
BRADENTON, FLORIDA
O ORNAMENTAL
OPEN
HOUSE
DECEMBER 2, 1976
AREC BRADENTON RESEARCH REPORT GC-1976-13
EDITED BY GARY J, WILFRET
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Ornamental Open House..................................... 1
Table of Contents.................................................. 2
Welcome............................................................. 4
History of AREC-Bradenton......................................... 5
List of Ornamental and Vegetable Faculty and Staff ................. 6,7
Tour Map and Key to Buildings..................................... 8,9
Saran House Overlay................................................ 10
Bay H
Evaluation of potted poinsettia cultivars..................... 11
Growth retardants on poinsettia............................... 12
Fertilization of potted poinsettia............................ 13
Bay G
Container-grown nursery crops................................. 14
Poinsettia insecticide phytotoxicity study.................... 15
Hornworm control on poinsettia................................ 15
Mini-standard chrysanthemums................................. 16
Bay F
Osmocote fertilization of pompons............................ 17
Bay E
Chemical disbudding of standard chrysanthemums................ 18
Insecticides on chrysanthemums............................... 19
Bay D
Chemical pinching of pompon chrysanthemums.................... 20
Bay C
Insect resistance on chrysanthemums.......................... 19
Bay B
Fusarium stem rot and wilt of chrysanthemums................. 21
Bay A
Fusarium wilt on King aster................................... 22
Key to Buildings During Tour...................................... 23
Pathology Greenhouse
Phytophthora rot on poinsettia................................ 24
Ornamental Horticulture Greenhouse
Mini-poinsettia study......................................... 25
-3-
CONTENTS (cont'd) Page
ORB House
Residual nematicides and fertilization of caladiums............. 26
Residual nematicides on chrysanthemums ........................ 26
Fumigation Greenhouse
Susceptibility of ornamentals to atmospheric fluoride........... 27
Solar Greenhouses
Solar-water and solar-air heated greenhouses.................... 27
Headhouse
Hypobaric storage of cut flowers................................ 28
Environmental conditions for handling cut flowers............... 29
Effects of ethylene on cut flowers.............................. 29
Section F Overlay ................... ............ ............. 30
Advanced and single-corm gladiolus selections..................... 31
Section E Overlay.................................... ..... .......... 32
Land 4
Hot-water treatment of gladiolus cormels........................ 33
Preplant treatments to control nematodes in gladiolus corms..... 34
Post-harvest treatments to control nematodes in gladiolus corms. 34
Land 3
Effect of curing period and conditions on gladiolus............. 35
Control of Fusarium of gladiolus by soil fumigation............. 35
Post-harvest treatment with non-pathogenic Fusaria.............. 36
Position of corms in storage and field.......................... 36
Land 2
Peduncle elongation of pompons with gibberellic acid............ 37
Chrysanthemum spacing in Speedling trays........................ 37
Single plant seed selection of statice....................... 38
Fungicide treatment of gladiolus corms.......................... 38
Land 1
Gladiolus trial gardens........................................ 38
WELCOME
On behalf of the faculty and staff, I extend to each of you a most cordial
welcome to the Agricultural Research and Education Center at Bradenton.
This Center was initiated in 1925 as a one-man operation in Palmetto and the
first ornamental programs began about 17 years later. This Center, with
affiliated Agricultural Research Centers located in Dover and Immokalee,
Florida, is a Research and Education unit of the University of Florida's
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
In Bradenton we have 10 research scientists from various disciplines of
training who participate in ornamental plant research programs. Each
research scientist also holds a joint appointment with his subject matter
department at the University of Florida. This combination of a broad base
of research disciplines, industry contacts, and an excellent faculty makes
the interdisciplinary cooperative team approach to research problems far
more productive than could otherwise be accomplished with limited investment
in independent programs.
An integral part of the overall mission of this Center deals directly with
the ornamental industries in Florida through research programs for (1)
Development of new or improving technology for more efficient production,
handling and utilization of ornamental products composed mainly of cut-
flowers, potted plants; (2) Improvement in quality of products made available
to the consuming public; (3) Development of technology and practices to
reduce environmental pollution without sacrificing quality during production
and thereby enhance man's environment; (4) To maintain and improve the
productivity of soils in the state of Florida; (5) Develop information to all
Florida growers to compete effectively with other geographic areas of the
nation and world; (6) Advancement of basic knowledge of the various scientific
disciplines represented by the faculty; (7) To assist the cooperative
extension service, departments in the College of Agriculture and other
Research Centers with extension, educational training, and cooperative
research programs for the benefit of producers, consumers and students.
Information presented in this report summarizes the active research
projects under way this season. We sincerely appreciate your interest
and support of these research programs and continuously solicit your
suggestions for improvement and ideas of industry needs from the research
and extension programs.
Will E. Waters, Center Director
HISTORY OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION CENTER BRADENTON
Agricultural Research & Education Center Bradenton originated in the fall of
1925 with the construction of the Tomato Disease Laboratory.
Tomato Disease Laboratory: In 1925 a 20-acre tract of county-owned property in
Palmetto was made available with the cooperation of the Manatee Board of County
Commissioners, with money and equipment supplied by local growers. Primary
objective of the laboratory was to formulate a control of nailhead spot of
tomato. Later studies emphasized the breeding for resistance to Fusarium wilt
and the control of tobacco mosaic on tomatoes. In 1937, with the expansion of
the vegetable industry in Manatee County and surrounding areas, the State
Legislature authorized new facilities for the research program.
Vegetable Crops Laboratory: In August, 1938, the Manatee County Commissioners
donated eighty percent of the purchase price of a 106-acre tract on the east
side of Bradenton. This expanded program led to the establishment of the
Vegetable Crops Laboratory. Following this relocation, horticultural,
entomological, and soil studies were initiated on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce,
sweet corn, and other vegetables. Since the laboratory was located in the
gladiolus growing area, the scope was further broadened in 1942 to include
disease problems confronting gladiolus growers.
Gulf Coast Experiment Station: In March, 1951, at a meeting of the State
Board of Control, the Vegetable Crops Laboratory was given the status of a
branch station and was renamed the Gulf Coast Experiment Station. Investigations
were then initiated dealing with chemical weed control, nematodes, and other
soil-borne pests. The ornamental phase was broadened to include chrysanthemums
and other commercial cut-flowers.
In the late 1950's it became apparent that the facilities on the outskirts of
Bradenton were no longer adequate for the research program. In 1959 a 200-acre
tract was acquired 8.miles east of Bradenton. All of the vegetable experimental
field programs were moved to this new location.
In 1965, upon completion of the construction of office and laboratory facilities,
farm buildings, greenhouses, and a residence, all research programs were
conducted on this new land.
Agricultural Research & Education Center Bradenton: In 1971 the Gulf Coast
Experiment Station was renamed Agricultural Research & Education Center to
emphasize the programs of both research and education.
Active programs are in progress on production problems associated with
vegetables and ornamentals grown on the sandy soils of Florida.
AREC-Bradenton has administrative and research supervision over two satellite
stations: ARC-Immokalee (formerly the South Florida Field Laboratory) and
ARC-Dover (formerly the Strawberry and Vegetable Field Laboratory). The former
center specializes in vegetable nutrition and culture, etiology and control of
diseases, and pasture research while the latter is the hub of strawberry
research in Florida, including breeding, horticultural, and pathological studies.
-6-
CURRENT LIST OF FACULTY AND BRIEF JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE BRADENTON BUDGETARY UNIT
LOCATION.1-Agricultural Research and Education Center Bradenton, Florida
Waters, Will E. Horticulturist and Center Director. Administration, soil and plant
nutrition and herbicides.
Augustine, J. J. Asst. Geneticist. Tomato variety development and genetics of
characters related to tomatoes.
Burgis, D. S. Horticulturist. Vegetable production, weed control and growth rege
Chambliss, C. G. Asst. Extension Agronomist. Develop extension education programs
for agronomic and forage products in south Florida for utilization in animal
production systems.
Csizinszky, A. A. Asst. Horticulturist. Systems of production, harvesting and
handling vegetable crops with special emphasis on tomatoes.
Engelhard, A. W. Assoc. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of
ornamental crops.
Geraldson, C. M. Soils Chemist. Soil nutritional problems and their relationship
with cultural methods for vegetable production.
Harbaugh, B. K. Asst. Ornamental Horticulturist. Systems for production,
harvesting and marketing of ornamental crops.
Jones, J. P. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of vegetable crops.
Magie, R. 0. Plant Pathologist. Etiology and control of diseases of ornamental
crops with emphasis on gladiolus flower and corm diseases.
Marlowe, G. A., Jr. Extension Vegetable Specialist. Develop extension educational
programs and cooperative research on vegetable crops of southwest Florida.
Marousky, F. J. Research Horticulturist (USDA). Post-harvest physiology of
cut flowers.
Otte, J. A. Extension Farm Management Economist. Develop extension farm management
educational programs in agriculture and cooperative research on production economics
of vegetables and ornamentals.
Overman, A. J. Nematologist. Etiology and control of nematode problems on ornamentals
and vegetables.
Schuster, D. J. Asst. Entomologist. Identification, biology and control of insects
and mites of vegetables and ornamentals.
Wilfret, G. J. Assoc. Geneticist. Breeding and development of new varieties
of cut-flowers and other ornamental crops.
Woltz, S. S. Plant Physiologist. Physiology, disorders and diseases of vegetable
and ornamental crops.
(open) Interim Asst. in Agricultural Engineering. Solar energy, water
management and general agricultural design engineering.
-7-
LIST OF AREC-BRADENTON, ARC-DOVER AND
ARC-IMMOKALEE STAFF
Secretarial Staff
Undine C. White
Hazel W. Smith
Mary Lee Huffman
Brenda G. Joiner
Nancy J. Kost
Service Staff
Swafford E. Inman
Charles L. Pratt
R. Harold Gillis
E. Jesteen Watkins
Jane Smith
Title
Staff Assistant I
Secretary III
Secretary II
Secretary II
Secretary II
Maintenance Supervisor
Maintenance Mechanic
Farm Manager I
Agricultural Tech. III
Groundskeeper I
Laboratory Technician Staff
Charlotte S. Bell
Nancy L. Bumgardner
Patricia M. Cox
Linda S. Shinneman
Laverne C. Barnhill
Rebecca S. Burke
Chandler L. Clarkson
Dawn D. Keener
Karen I. Pearce
Agricultural Technician Staff
Thomas H. Cline
Clayton 0. Cook, Jr.
David G. Mapes
Russell O. Owens, Jr.
John Pressley, Jr.
Dale P. Schmitz
Preston L. Young
Robert L. Romines
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Technol.
Technol.
Technol.
Technol.
Tech. II
Tech. II
Tech. II
Tech. II
Tech. II
al Tech.
il Tech.
il Tech.
il Tech.
al Tech.
al Tech.
il Tech.
il Tech.
Tractor Driver Staff
Willie C. Campbell
Jim Doty
Labor Staff
Feliciano Diaz
Jeffrey Fifield
Carrie Gainey
Emma G. Jones
Hector G. Ortiz
Betty L. Richardson
Mary E. Williams
Motor Veh. Opr. II
Motor Veh. Opr. I
Laborer
Laborer
Laborer
Laborer
Laborer
Laborer
Laborer
I
I
I
I
[II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
-8-
TOUR MAP AND BUILDING CODE
TOUR
Begin Land L: Under the oak trees
End Metal Headhouse Demonstrations and refreshments
BUILDINGS
1. Office and Research laboratories
2. Saran House
3. Research Greenhouses: a. Pathology
b. Entomology
c. Physiology
d. Orchidology
e. Ornamental horticulture
4. General Supply Storage
5. ORB House
6. Plant Production House
7. Headhouse (Post-harvest physiology)
8. Research Preparation Room
9. Virology Laboratory
10. Storage Lockers
11. Speedling Transplant House
12. Maintenance Compound
13. Tractor Storage
14. Storage Barn
15. Residence
16. Fumigation Chambers
17. Caladium Production
w Wells
C C D J w
F E
F G-
D 12 LEE t
to
Ai 9 K
A p@C IJ, ^1
N^~~- r }
To 64 Caruso Road To
-10-
Fusarium solani on
chrysanthemums
Chemical pinching agents
on pompon
Chrysanthemums
Fertilization of pompons
with Osmocote & Viaflo
Fertilization of
poinsettia with
Osmocote & Capmats
Poinsettia growth regulate.
Poinsettia cultivar eval'n
Fusarium wilt of asters
Snapdragons
Insect resistance in
mums
Insecticides on mums
M
Chemical disbudding of
standard mums
Poinsettia hornworm
control
Poinsettia phytotoxic.
n
Mini-standard mums
Nursery crops on
Capmats
/
Cn
Ctn
0
o
n
c3
3:
f-s
en
-11-
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
EVALUATION OF POTTED POINSETTIA CULTIVARS
Gary J. Wilfret and Bre6t k. Harbaugh
To evaluate poinsettia cultivars grown in a saran
house using hand and capillary watering systems
Water System (2):
1) Hand watered
2) Capillary Mat (Vattex) Watering
(28):
Paul Mikkelson
Mikkel Heritage
Mikkel Imp. Rodhford
Mikkel Super Rochford
Mikkel Vivid Rochford
Mikkel Triumph
Mikkel Pink Rd6hford
Mikkel Fantastic
Mikkel Imperial
Mikkel White R6dhford
Mikkel Down Rochford
Wonder Star
C-l Red
C-l White
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Reddy Light
Prof. Laurie
A. Hegg Supreme
A. Hegg Top Star
A. Hegg Dark Red
Annette Hegg Red
A. Hegg Lady
A. Hegg Diva
A. Hegg White
A. Hegg Marble
A. Hegg Hot Pink
Smalls' Winter Flame.
A. Hegg Super Star
M-21
Planted: Aug. 27, 1976
Pinched: Sept. 15, 1976
Growth Retardants: Cycocel at 1:40 w/180 ml per
Medium: Peat:Builders Said:Vermiculite:Perlite
(5:3:3:1, by volume) 3
Fertilizer: Osmocote 18-6-12 at 9.3 Ib/yd plus
pot on 10-15-76
additives
2 west beds of SH-H
Previous studies indicated significant height and growth
responses of poinsettia cultivars to capillary mat
irrigation as compared to hand watering.
Cultivars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
-12-
GROWTH RETARDANTS ON POINSETTIA
Researchers: Gary J. Wilfret and B. K. Harbaugh
Purpose: To determine the effect of Cycocel (CCC) and
ancymidol (A-Rest) on potted poinsettias grown
on capillary mats or hand watered.
Variables: Water Source (2):
1. Capillary mat
2. Hand watered
Cultivars (2):
1. Annette Hegg 'Diva'
2. Annette Hegg 'Supreme'
Growth Regulators (10):
1. Control water drench
2. Cycocel-l:40 at 180 ml/pot drench (10/13)
3. Cycocel-l:40 at 360 ml/pot drench (10/13)
4. Cycocel-l:40 at 180 ml/pot drench (1/13 + 10/20)
5. Cycocel-l:60 at 20 ml/pot spray (10/13 + 10/20)
6. A-Rest-0.5 mg/pot in 180 ml H20 drench (10/13)
7. A-Rest-l.0 mg/pot in 180 ml H 0 drench (10/13)
8. A-Rest-0.5 mg/pot in 20 ml H20 spray (10/13)
9. A-Rest-l.0 mg/pot in 20 ml H 0 spray (10/13)
10. A-Rest-0.5 mg/pot in 20 ml H20 spray (10/13 + 10/20)
Cultural Data: Planted: Aug. 27, 1976
Pinched: Sept. 15, 1976
Medium: Peat:Sand:Vermiculite:Perlite (5:3:3:1, by volume)
Fertilizer: 9.3 lb Osmocote 18-6-12/yd3 plus additives
Location: Center bed, SH-H
Summary: Early studies indicated that the standard Cycocel
recommendation (6 oz of 1:40 solution per 6" pot)
was not adequate to control poinsettias grown on
capillary mats nor was 0.5 mg/pot of A-Rest. Plants
grown with hand-watering did respond to these solutions
and made high quality plants.
-13-
FERTILIZATION OF POTTED POINSETTIA
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Brent K. Harbaugh and Gary J. Wilfret
(R)
To evaluate rates and types of Osmocote (a slow
release fertilizer) on potted poinsettia growth and
development using hand and capillary watering.
Watering Systems (2):
1. Hand Watered
2. Capillary Mat (Vattex) w/2 Viaflo tubes
underneath
Cultivars (2):
1. Annette Hegg 'Supreme'
2 Annette Hegg 'fiva'
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
Fertilizers:
1. Weekly hand f6itilized (1.68 lb N/yd3)
2. 8 Ib/yd3 14-14-14 Osmocote (1.12 lb N/yd3
3. 12 lb/yd3 14-14-14 Osmocote (1.68 lb N/yd )
4. 16 lb/yd3 14-i4-14 Osmocote (2.24 lb N/yd3)
5. 20 lb/yd3 14-14-14 Osmocote (2.80 lb N/yd3)
6. 6.2 1b/yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote (1.12 lb N/yd3)
7. 9.3 lb/yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote (1.68 lb N/yd3)
8. 12.4 1b/yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote (2.24 lb N/yd3)
9. 15.6 lb/yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote (2.80 lb N/yd3)
Planted: Aug. 27, 1976 (2" pots)
Pinched: Sept. 15, 1976
Growth Retardant: Cycocel (1:40) w/180 ml per 6" pot
on Oct. 15, 1976
Medium: Peat:Sand: Vermiculite:Perlite
(5:3:3:1, by volume)
2 East Beds, SH-H
Results of the 1975 research indicated that the
Ocmocote 14-14-14 was released during the first
6-8 weeks of the crop, due to high soil temperatures
and leaching rains.
-14-
CONTAINER-GROWN NURSERY CROPS
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret and Brent K. Harbaugh
To evaluate the production of container grown nursery
crops on capillary mats using constant release fertilizers
Plant Materials:
1. Springeri fern
2. Pony-Tail
3. Crown-of-Thorns
4. Sago Palm
Irrigation:
1. Hand watered
2. Troy Capillary Mat
3. Vattex Capillary Mat
Fertilization:
1. Liquid 20-20-20 (100 ml of 400
2. Osmocote 14-14-14 3 lb/yd3
3. Osmocote 14-14-14 6 lb/yd3
4. Osmocote 14-14-14 12 lb/yd3
5. Osmocote 18-6-12 2.3 lb/yd3
6. Osmocote 18-6-12 4.7 lb/yd3
7. Osmocote 18-6-12 9.3 lb/yd3
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
ppm N weekly)
Planted: May 23, 1976
Medium: Peat:Sand:Vermiculite:Perlite
(5:3:3:1, by volume)
West bed, SH-G
Preliminary studies with Ficus, Schefflera and
Springeri indicated that high quality plants could
be grown on capillary mats with a reduction in total
water used. Plants with extensive root systems, such
as Ficus, penetrate the mats and are not well adapted
to this system.
-15-
POINSETTIA PHYTOTOXICITY STUDY
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Location:
Summary:
D. J. Schuster, G. J. Wilfret and B. K. Harbaugh
To evaluate the phytotoxic responses of 28 poinsettia
cultivars to two insecticides
Cultivars (28) see Saran House Bay H, Beds 3 and 4
Plot Size: 1 plant/6" pot~ 3 pdfs/cultivar/treatment
Replicates: 3 plants/treatment
Treatments: Material Lb ai/100 gal
Orthene 75S 0.5
Lannate 90S 0.5
Saran House Bay G, Bed 2
No data to date
HORNWORM CONTROL ON POINSETTIA
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
D. J. Schuster, G. J. Wilfret and B. K. Harbaugh
To evaluate old and new insecticides on
control of Elio Spinx larvae
Cultivars:
Plot Size:
Replicates:
Treatments:
poinsettia for
Annette Hegg 'Diva'
Annette Hegg 'Supreme'
1 plant/6" pot; 3 pots/cultivar/treatment/replicate
3 100, 200, 300
Material Lb ai/100 gal
1. Check (water) --
2. Dipel WF 0.50 product
3. Orthene 75SP 0.25
4. Lannate 90S 0.25
5. Thiodan 50WP 0.50
6. Diazinon 50WP 0.50
7. Guthion 50WP 0.50
8. Dylox 80 SP 1.00
9. Sevin 80WP 1.00
In previous work Orthene, Lannate and Thiodan gave complete
control. Control with Dipel was complete after 2
applications. Populations this fall have been very low.
Summary:
-16-
MINI-STANDARD CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret
To evaluate the effect of A-Rest on height reduction
of standard chrysanthemums grown in 4" pots.
Cultivars:
1. Albatross
2. Nob Hill
3. May Shoesmith
4. Fuji Mefo
5. Mountain Snow
Orange Bowl
Super White
Trident
Wild Honey
Retardants:
Water Control
A-Rest at 0.25 mg/pot w/10 ml spray per plant
A-Rest at 0.50 mg/pot w/10 ml spray per plant
Cultural Data:
Planted: Sept. 20, 1976
Treated: Sept. 24, 1976
Dehusked: Oct. 26, 1976
Medium: Pest:Sand:Vermiculite:Perlite (5:3:3:1,
Fertilizer: 9 Ib Osmocote 14-14-14 per yd3 plus
Irrigation: Capillary mat
Pot Size: 4"
by volume)
additives
Saran House Bay G, Bed 3
Previous studies indicated that B-9 sprays delayed
flowering of the mums when applied at 0.5 and 1%.
A-Rest concentrations less than 0.5 mg/pot did not
reduce height sufficiently to produce a marketable
product.
Growth
1.
2.
3.
Location:
Summary:
-17-
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultivar:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
OSMOCOTE ON POMPON CHRYSANTHEMUMS
B. K. Harbaugh and G. J. Wilfret
To evaluate 14-14-14, 18-6-12, and a 1:2 combination of
Osmocote for maximum yield of pompons in conjunction
with comparisons of 2 and 3 viaflo tubes/bed.
Viaflo tubes (2):
2/bed or 3/bed
Reps (3): of 36 plants each per plot
Fertilizer (9): Total N/A
01 Liquid feed (20-20-20) 470# + 30# 6-6-6 500
02 Osmocote (14-14-14) 300# 300#
03 Osmocote (18-6-12) 270# + 30# 6-6-6 300#
04 Osmocote (14-14-14) 400# 400
05 Osmocote (18-6-12) 370# + 30# 6-6-6 400
06 Osmocote (1:2-143-18) 400# 400#
07 Osmocote (14-14-14) 500# 500
08 Osmocote (18-6-12) 470# + 30# 6-6-6 500
09 Osmocote (1:2-143-18) 500# 500
Manatee Yellow Iceberg
Preplant: 2000 Ib/A dolomite
1000 lb/A Super phosphate + frits
500 Ib/A 6-6-6 (30% organic) for trts. 1-3-5-8
Plant: Sept. 1, 1976
Lights on: Sept. 1, 1976
Pinched: Sept. 15, 1976
Lights off:Oct. 6, 1976
Plants flower: Dec. 8, 1976
Bay F, Saran House
Preliminary studies showed that high quality plants
could be produced using 350-400 lb of nitrogen with
Osmocote as the fertilizer source. With high soil
temperatures and heavy rains, the 3-4 month release
material was depleted within 6-8 weeks, producing
chlorotic plants at the end of the season.
-18-
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
CHEMICAL DISBUDDING OF STANDARD CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Gary J. Wilfret and Brent K. Harbaugh
To evaluate the chemical UBI-P293 on its effect of
disbudding standard chrysanthemums
Treatments:
Cultivar: Nob
Rate P293:
Dates Appl:
Also:
Hill
0.4, 0.6, 0.8% @ 4 ml/plant
18, 20, 22 days after lights out
0.2, 0.3%, 0.4% @ 8 ml/plant
18, 20 days after lights out
Cultivar: May
Rate P293:
Dates Appl:
Also:
Shoesmith
0.4, 0.6, 0.8% @ 4 ml/plant
16, 18, 20 days after lights out
0.2, 0.3, 0.4% @ 8 ml/plant
16, 18 days after lights out
Cultivar: Fuji Mefo
Rate P293: 0.4, 0.6, 0.8% @ 4 ml/plant
Dates Appl: 22, 24, 26 days after lights
Also: 0.2, 0. 3, 0.4% @ 8 ml/plant
22, 24 days after lights out
Treatments
1. P293 @
2. P293 @
3. P293 @
4. P293 @
5. P293 @
6. P293 @
7. P293 @
8. P293 @
Cultivars: Mountain Snow, Orange Bowl, Super White,
Trident, and Wild Honey
Rate P293: 0.4, 0.6, 0.8% @ 4 ml/plant
Dates Appl: 16, 20, 24 days after lights out
Also: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% @ 8 ml/plant
16, 20, 24 days after lights out
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
0.4%
0.6%
ml/plant-lst
ml/plant-lst
ml/plant-lst
ml/plant-2nd
ml/plant-2nd
ml/plant-2nd
ml/plant-3rd
ml/plant-3rd
spray
spray
spray
spray
spray
spray
spray
spray
date
date
date
date
date
date
date
date
9. P293 @ 0.8% @ 4
10. Hand disbudded
11. P293 @ 0.2% @ 8
12. P293 @ 0.2% @ 8
13. P293 @ 0.3% @ 8
14. P293 @ 0.3% @ 8
15. P293 @ 0.4% @ 8
16. P293 @ 0.4% @ 8
17. P293 @ 0.3% @ 8
ml/plant-3rd spray date
ml/plant-lst spray date
ml/plant-2nd spray date
ml/plant-lst spray date
ml/plant-2nd spray date
ml/plant-lst spray date
ml/plant-2nd spray date
ml/plant-3rd spray date
Cultural Data: Planted: Sept. 8, 1976
Fertilization: 500 lb/A of 6-6-6 preplant
370 Ib-N/A of 18-6-12 Osmocote preplant
Irrigation: Viaflo 2 tubes per bed
18 acre inches water per crop
Location:
Summary:
Saran House Bay E, Beds 3 and 4
This is the initial study in Florida using this chemical.
out
-19-
INSECT RESISTANCE ON CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Researchers:
D. J. Schuster, G. J. Wilfret, and B. K. Harbaugh
Purpose:
Variables:
To evaluate
populations
leafminers
Cultivars:
the effect of mum cultivar and pinching on
of insects, primarily aphids, thrips and
Standards
1. Escapade
2. Nob Hill
3. Sea Foam
4. Colonel Comfort
5. Albatross
Pompons
6. Nimrod
7. Pink Marble
8. Bt. Yellow Tuneful
9. Divinity
10. Iceberg
Plot Size:
Each cultivar is being grown pinched & unpinched.
Pinched plots have 9 plants and unpinched 18 plants.
Replicates: A, B, and C.
Location:
Summary:
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Saran House, Bay C, Beds 3 and 4.
In a previous test cultivars 1-4 and 6-9 indicated reduced
damage from either aphids, thrips and leafminers. In addition,
standards tended to have fewer leafminers, adult thrips and
thrips damage while pompons had fewer aphids and immature thrips.
Preliminary results indicate cultivar differences with regard to
aphid and leafminer populations. Pinched plants are also averaging
more aphids. Leafminer and thrips populations are relatively low.
INSECTICIDES ON CHRYSANTHEMUMS
D. J. Schuster, G. J. Wilfret, and B. k. Harbaugh
Evaluate new pesticides for control of insects and mites on mums
Treatments:
Material
1. Check (water)
2. Lannate 1.8L
3. Vydate 2L
4. Temik 10G
5. GCP-9646 10G
6. PP557 2EC
7. FMC 33297 3.2EC
8. DPX 3853 2EC
9. Proxol 80SP
10. Dursban 2E
Lb ai/100 gal or acre
--m
0.45
0.50
7.50
1.00
0.10
0.10
1.00
1.25
0.50
Plot Size: Dignity (Standard) 18 plants
Deep Valiant (Pompon) 9 plants (pinched)
Replicates:
Saran House,
Lannate, PP
of 'worms.'
A, B, and C
Bay E, Beds 1 and 2.
557, FMC 33297 and Dursban have indicated good control
All materials are giving acceptable control of aphids
Location:
Summary:
-20-
CHEMICAL PINCHING OF POMPON CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret and Brent K. Harbaugh
To refine the application time and concentration of TipNip
and P293 for pinching pompon chrysanthemums
Cultivars: Manatee Iceberg
Flame Belair
Cultural Data:
Treatments:
1. TipNip
2. TipNip
3. TipNip
4. TipNip
5. TipNip
6. TipNip
7. TipNip
8. TipNip
9. TipNip
10. TipNip
ii. TipNip
12. TipNip
13. P293 at
14. P293 at
15. P293 at
16. P293 at
17. P293 at
18. P293 at
19. P293 at
20. P293 at
21. P293 al
22. P293 at
23. P293 at
24. P293 at
it 3% at 5
it 1.5% at
it 1.0% at
it 3% at 5
it 1.5% at
.t 1.0% at
Lt 3% at 5
It 1.5% at
.t 1.0% at
it 3% at 5
.t 1.5% at
Lt 1.0% at
1.50% at
0.75% at
0.50% at
1.50% at
0.75% at
0.50% at
1.50% at
0.75% at
0.50% at
1.50% at
0.75% at
0.50% at
ml/plant (8 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (8 days after setting)
15 ml/plant (8 days after setting)
Sml/plant (10 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
15 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
ml/plant (12 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (12 days after setting)
15 ml/plant (12 days after setting)
ml/plant (14 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (14 days after setting)
15 ml/plant (14 days after setting)
5 ml/plant (8 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (8 days after setting)
15 ml/plant (8 days after setting)
5 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
10 ml/plant (10 days
15 ml/plant (10 days
5 ml/plant (12 days
10 ml/plant (12 days
15 ml/plant (12 days
5 ml/plant (14 days
10 ml/plant (14 days
15 ml/plant (14 days
after
after
ifter
after
after
ifter
after
after
setting)
setting)
setting)
setting)
setting)
setting)
setting)
setting)
25. Hand pinched at 8 days after setting
26. Hand pinched at 10 days after setting
27. Hand pinched at 12 days after setting
28. Hand pinched at 14 days after setting
29. TipNip at 1.5% at 5 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
30. TipNip at 1.5% at 15 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
31. P293 at 0.75% at 5 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
32. P293 at 0.75% at 15 ml/plant (10 days after setting)
Planted: Sept. 1, 1976
Irrigation: Viaflo (2 tubes/bed)
Fertilization: 500 lb/A 6-6-6 Preplant
370 Ib-N/A 18-6-12 Osmocote Preplant
Lights On: Sept. 1, 1976 to Oct. 5, 1976
Saran House, Bay D, Beds 1-4
Location:
-21-
EFFECT OF WOUNDING PLANTS, NITROGEN LEVEL, AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON
DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM STEM ROT AND WILT FUSARIUMM SOLANI)
Researcher: Arthur W. Engelhard
Purpose: 1 Determine effect on infection of fresh wounds
(pinching terminal, or removing 2 leaves per
plant) made just before inoculating by spraying
spores over the plants.
2 Determine effect of nitrogen level (20 and 40 Ibs/
N/acre/week) on disease development
3 Determine effect of nitrogen source (ammonium
nitrate or calcium nitrate) on disease development.
Cultivars: The susceptible cultivars Manatee Yellow Iceberg
and Torch
Treatments: Fertilizer Levels lb N/Acre/Wk
1 Calcium nitrate 40
2 Calcium nitrate 20
3 Ammonium nitrate 40
4 Ammonium nitrate 20
Each plot has 2 cultivars, namely Manatee Yellow
Iceberg (tall) and Torch (short). In the east bed
only, the plants in the north half of each plot were
pinched and in the south half were wounded by removing
2 leaves just before inoculating the plants by spraying
a spore suspension over them.
Location: Saran House Bay B, 2 east beds. Bay B is at the east
end (greenhouse end), the first bay on the right.
Summary: Fusarium stem rot and wilt is caused by the fungus
Fusarium solani. This is a new disease, the description
of which was published in May 1976 by Engelhard, Crane
and Mellinger. Symptoms may include the following:
wilting, followed either by death or apparent recovery
of plants, dark streaks up stems or death of one or more
stems developing after the pinch, breakdown of the pith,
death of stems followed by sprouting and regrowth of
plant. The disease is widespread in Florida and other
tropical areas. Little is known about the factors that
are favorable to thb development and spread of the
disease. Stem rot and wilt may be spread on cuttings.
Although several Iceberg plants have died in this
experiment, these plants showed no external evidence of
disease as of November 1.
-22-
FUSARIUM WILT ON KING ASTER
Researcher: Arthur W. Engelhard
Purpose: To get control of Fusarium wilt by using an integrated
system of a nitrate (calcium nitrate) nitrogen source,
control of the pH (7.0), and a benomyl soil drench.
Treatments: Fusarium wilt has been incorporated into the soil of
the 2 east beds (left) and not in the 2 west beds.
The numbers on the plots correspond to the following
treatments:
No.
No. Fertilizer Chemical Drenches
1 Uninoc. NH4NO3 No Benlate
2 Uninoc. NH4NO3 + Benlate 50W 1
3 Uninoc. NH4NO3 + Benlate 50W 2
4 Uninoc. Ca(NO3)2 No Benlate -
5 Uninoc. Ca(N03)2 + Benlate 50W 1
6 Uninoc. Ca(N03)2 + Benlate 50W 2
7 Inoc. NH4NO3 No Benlate -
8 Inoc. NH NO + Benlate 50W 1
9 Inoc. NH4NO3 + Benlate 50W 2
10 Inoc. Ca(NO3)2 No Benlate
11 Inoc. Ca(NO3)2 + Benlate 50W 1
12 Inoc. Ca(NO )2 + Benlate 50W 2
Location: Saran House, Bay A, 4 beds
Summary: Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) is partially controlled
by higher pH levels, by using all nitrate (NO3) nitrogen
(rather than an ammonium or urea source) and by drenches
with benomyl. Using the factors individually does not
give control. The partial control given by each of the
factors is additive so that complete control may be
possible by using pH-NO3-benomyl simultaneously. This
integrated approach to Fusarium wilt control has been
successful in greenhouse experiments with potted King
aster plants and with potted and field grown chrysanthemums.
Success has also been obtained by Drs. Jones, Magie,
Woltz (AREC-Bradenton) with tomato, watermelon, and
gladiolus. This experiment is in the early stages.
-23-
STORAGE
LOCKERS
0
PLANT
PRODUCTION
N- -
ORCHID
HOUSE
HEAD
HOUSE
PHYSIOLOGY
GREENHOUSE
ENTOMOL. TOMATO
HOUSE BREED'G
PLANT PATHOLOGY
GREENHOUSE
CALADIUM
:PRODUCTION
------------------------------------------------------------_ -.---j
ORNAMENTAL
GREENHOUSE
000 D
CHEMICAL
STORAGE
DsEl1
AN HOI
FUMIGATION
HOUSE
S\
i SAB
USE
-24-
PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT, STEM AND LEAF ROT ON POINSETTIA
Researcher: Arthur W. Engelhard
Purpose: (a) Show symptoms of a new disease of poinsettia in
Florida
(b) Show infection can occur through roots (soil),
stems and leaves
Variables: A = root (soil inoculation)
B= stem inoculation
C = leaf inoculation
Other details shown on cards by experiment
Cultivar: Annette Hegg Diva
Location: Pathology greenhouse
Summary: Phytophthora (Phi-tofithora) root, stem and leaf rot
is a new disease discovered in Florida in 1975. It is
caused by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica. Research
has shown that infection can occur through roots (soil),
stems and leaves. Method of control is being
investigated. This fungus appears to be the same
pathogen that causes the serious Phytophthora crown rot
and wilt of gypsophila. It is most destructive in
warm to hot temperatures (85-900). Cool weather may
be one of our best controls. Disease development has
been slow in the greenhouse because of cooler
temperatures this time of the year.
-25-
Researchers:
Purpose:
MINI POINSETTIA FERTILITY CAPILLARY WATERING
B. K. Harbaugh and G. J. Wilfret
To evaluate production of pixie-poinsettias (4" pots)
with different fertility rates, watering systems, and
formulations of Osmocote
Variables:
Watering Systems (2):
Cultural Practice (2):
Hand
Capillary mat
Pinch
No pinch
Pot Size (2):
Fertility (6):
Cultural Data:
Cuttings on mist:
Planted:
Pinched:
Medium:
4" tub
4" standard
8#yd3 14-14-14 Osmocote
12#yd3 14-14-14 Osmocote
6.2 yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote
9.3 yd3 18-6-12 Osmocote
1;2 8# rate 143:18-6-12 Osmocote
1:2 12# rate 143:18-6-12 Osmocote
Sept. 15, 1976
Oct. 6, 1976
Oct. 6, 1976
Peat:Sand:Vermiculite:Perlite
(5:3:3:1, by volume)
Ornamental Greenhouse
Previous studies indicated a lower level of fertilizer
was needed for the greenhouse-grown mini-poinsettia than
for the 6" pots grown in the saran house.
Location:
Summary:
-26-
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
RESIDUAL NEMATICIDES AND FERTILIZATION OF CALADIUMS
B. K. Harbaugh and A. J. Overman
To evaluate ejficacy of residual granular nematicides in
producing nematode-free caladium tubers under variable
fertility and cultural practices.
Soil
1.
2.
3.
4.
Treatment:
Control
Furadan 10G
MoCap 10G
Temik 15A
10 lb ai/A
10 lb ai/A
10 lb ai/A
Fertilizer Treatments:
1. 150 lb N/A as 18-6-12 Osmocote
2. 300 lb N/A as 18-6-12 Osmocote
Tuber Treatments:
1. Whole seed pieces
2. Cut seed pieces
3. Large seed pieces (2 3 cm)
4. Small seed pieces (1-1 cm)
Cultivars:
1. Freida Hemple
2. Torchy
4 rows west of ORB House
mary: When the tubers are harvested, the incidence and severity of
nematode damage will be evaluated as related to the tuber
size and level of nutrition.
LONGEVITY AND EFFICACY OF RESIDUAL NEMATICIDES IN A
CROPPING SYSTEM USING FULL-BED MULCH AND DRIP IRRIGATION IN CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Location:
A. J. Overman and D. J. Schuster
To measure the effect of soil applications of residual
nematicides on (1) crop yield; (2) insects; (3) nematodes
Soil Treatments:
1. Control
2. Furadan 10G
3. MoCap 10G
4. Vydate 10G
5. Temik 15G
6. Dasanit 15G
7. Vydate* 2L
8 beds of ORB House
ai/A
ai/A
ai/A
ai/A
ai/A
ai/A
*injected into irrigation water
during first 9 weeks of crop
Location:
-27-
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ORNAMENTALS TO ATMOSPHERIC FLUORIDE
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Location:
Summary:
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
S. S. Woltz and W. E. Waters
To classify ornamentals for fluoride sensitivity for disgnostic
procedures and selection of cultivars for us- according to
air quality.
HF fumigation at 0, 0.4, 2 and 10g/m3.
Fumigation greenhouses
A wide array of ornamentals has been classified for atmospheric
fluoride tolerance over the past two years. This detailed
information is presented in an AREC-Bradenton Research
Report which is now available.
SOLAR HEATED GREENHOUSES
C. D. Baird and W. E. Waters
To demonstrate the use of solar energy in heating greenhouses
in Florida.
1. Gas-heated control greenhouse system
2. Solar-water greenhouse heating system
3. Solar-rock storage-warm air greenhouse heating system
Greenhouses 1, 2 and 3
Brochure available at publications table
Location:
Summary:
-28-
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND LOW PRESSURE STORAGE OF CUT FLOWERS
Researcher: F. J. Marousky
Purpose: To determine the influence of controlled atmosphere and low
pressure storage on quality and longevity of cut flowers
Variables: Snapdragons, chrysanthemums and aster cut flowers will be
held in controlled atmospheres (1.5% oxygen, balance
nitrogen) compared to flowers held at 55 millimeters at
various temperatures. The maximum length of time flowers
can be stored at these atmospheres will be determined. Cut
flower quality and longevity will be compared to flowers
which have not been stored. After storage flowers will be
held in floral preservatives and water and deterioration
patterns compared.
Location: Post-harvest laboratory and headhouse
Summary: This research if successful will provide new technology for
storing and transporting cut flowers. Development of
effective storage and transportation techniques will provide
high quality cut flowers for consumers.
A summary of the 1975-76 test is as follows:
Gladiolus spikes stored conventionally or in low pressure
chambers response in a similar fashion. Spikes in either
method could not be stored for 2 weeks.
Bud florets on snapdragon spikes stored at 40*F for 4 or
more days aborted or failed to open when taken out of storage
and placed at 75"F in floral preservatives.
Snapdragon spikes stored in controlled atmosphere (1.5%
oxygen, 98.5% nitrogen) and 4 and 6 weeks lasted as well as
spikes stored at low pressure (55 torr). Spikes stored
for 4 and 6 weeks did not open as well or last as long as
(control) flowers not stored. Spikes stored and subsequently
held in a floral preservative lasted longer than flowers
stored and subsequently held in water.
After 6 weeks storage in controlled atmospheres or low
pressures, the centers of chrysanthemum flowers began to
deteriorate. Deterioration of these interior florets was of
a physiological nature rather than pathological. Leaves on
chrysanthemum stems held in controlled atmospheres were
slightly chlorotic while those in low pressure were greener.
Foliage on stems stored for 6 weeks in controlled or low
pressure atmospheres became chlorotic and necrotic after a
few days at room temperature in water. Floral preservative
reduced the incidence of chlorosis and increased flower life
but stored flowers did not last as long or have the quality
as flowers not stored.
-29-
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR HANDLING AND
TRANSPORTING FOLIAGE AND LOWERING POTTED PLANTS
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Location:
Summary:
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Location:
Summary:
F. J. Marousky and B. K. Harbaugh
To determine the optimum environmental conditions for handling
and transporting foliage and flowering potted plants
Foliage and flowering plants will be held in environments
containing varying levels of ethylene. If ethylene has an
effect on these plants, the interaction with duration of
exposure (of ethylene) light and temperature will be explored.
Post-harvest laboratory and headhouse
One experiment has shown that 10 ppm ethylene will cause
Philodendron cordatum and Fittonia leaves to fall off.
This research is just underway and will provide new information
and establish better guidelines for handling and transporting
foliage and flowering potted plants.
EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE ON CUT FLOWERS
F. J. Marousky
To determine the influence of ethylene added to the
environment on cut flower deterioration
Cut flowers (snapdragons, gladiolus and chrysanthemums)
will be placed in chambers and exposed to various levels of
ethylene at different temperatures for varying times.
Chambers will have a constant air flow system with known
levels of ethylene. Injury patterns will be noted and
recorded for each flowers
Ethylene will be measured during the life of cut snapdragons
and gladiolus. Ethylene emanation from "aging" florets and
possibly physiological effects on young florets will be
determined. The possible role of sucrose (from floral
preservative) as a suppressant for ethylene emanation will
be explored.
Post-harvest laboratory and headhouse
This project is just underway and much of the research will
be accomplished during the current fiscal year (1976-77).
However, the effects of ethylene "scrubbers" have been
tested. Ethylene adsorbers were placed in cartons of
carnations shipped from California to Florida. There were
only slight differences in ethylene levels in boxes with
or without scrubbers (about 30 parts per billion (ppb)
difference). The highest level ethylene found was 120 ppb.
Adsorbers had no influence on flower longevity. Flowers
held in water lasted 4-5 days while flowers held in
preservative lasted 12-13 days.
-30-
N.
LAND F
Advanced Gladiolus Seedling
Selections
1
Single-Corm Selections
of
Gladiolus Seedlings 2
Single-Corm Selections
of
Gladiolus Seedlings
3
Single-Corm Gladiolus
Seedling Selections
4
Cormels of Advanced
Gladiolus Selections
-31-
GLADIOLUS SEEDLING SELECTIONS
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret
To evaluate advanced selections and single corm
selections of gladiolus seedlings for use as cut
flowers, garden types, and breeding lines.
Advanced Selections I and II Land F-l
Single-corin Selections Lands F-2 and F-3
Cormels of Advanced Selections Land F-4
Lands F-l through F-4
Location:
-32-
N-
LAND E
All American Trial Gardens (Gladiolus)
NAGC Trial Gardens (Gladiolus)
Gladiolus Seedlings for Selfing
Gladiolus Post-harvest Fungicides
Gladiolus seed-beds
Spacing of chrysanthemums 2
Single-plant Selection of Statice
Chrysanthemum peduncle elongation
with GA3
Post-harvest corm treatment of
gladiolus with a non-pathogenic
Fusaria
Position of gladiolus corms in 3
storage and field
Curing and storage of gladiolus corms
Soil fumigation to control Fusarium
in gladiolus
Post-harvest corm treatments to
control nematodes and Fusarium
Preplant Corm Treatments to control
nematodes and Fusarium 4
Hot-water Treatment of gladiolus
cormels
-33-
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
EFFECT OF MODIFICATION OF HOT WATER TREATMENT (HWT)
OF CORMELS ON DISEASE CONTROL
R. 0. Magie
To improve control of Fusarium disease and nematodes
carried by cormels
Treatment:
a. Check, dry, no treatment
b. A 30-min. soak in Benlate 2 lb + Thylate 6 lb +
Vydate 2L, 2 pint/id00 gal.
c. 20-hour water soak followed by 'b' (above)
d. 20-hour water soak, then 2 hr formaldehyde 1-200 soak,
followed by 30 min. HWT at 129F
e. 20-hour water soaki then 2 hr formaldehyde soak ,
then HWT with Beilate + Thylate at 129F
f. 20-hour water soak; formaldehyde 2 hr., followed
by HWT with Benlate plus Thylate at 1330F
g. 20-hour water soak followed by Benlate + Thylate HWT
at 128F
h. 20-hour water soak, then HWT with Benlate + Thylate
at 133F for 30 iin.
i. 20-hour acetic acid (pH 3) soak, then HWT with Benlate
+ Thylate at 1290F
j. 20-hour soak in EtHiel 250 ppm, then Benlate plus
Thylate HWT at li9F
k. 20-hour soak in Ethiei plus acetic acid (pH 3), then
HWT with Benlate + Thylate at 129F
1. 20-hour soak in Ethrel + acetic acid (pH 3), then
formaldehyde 2 hr soak, followed by Benlate +
Thylate HWT at 120F
Cormels of seedling stock naturally infested with Fusarium
and root-knot nematodes; dug June 15-18, 1976 and cured
in greenhouse until treated August 6. Planted on Nov. 12.
Field E, Land 4, Rows 1-7, N ends
The hot water treatment has been improved in efficacy and
safened by the addition of Benlate and Thylate. Preliminary
tests indicated that pre-soaking cormels in acetic acid or
Ethrel improved fungicidal action.
-34-
PREPLANT CORM TREATMENTS TO CONTROL FUSARIUM AND NEMATODES CARRIED IN CORMS
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
R. O. Magie and A. J. Overman
To evaluate new and older fungicides in combination with
systemic nematicides in eradicating latent Fusarium and
nematodes in corms.
Treatment:
a. 100-no Ethrel dip
200-2000 ppm Ethrel dip 3 days prior to fungicide dip
b. 10-No fungicide
20-Benlate, 1-2/3 lb/100 gal
30-Benlate + Thylate, 8 lb/100 gal
40-Dowicide B, 6 lb/100 gal
50-RP 26019 (50WP), 2 lb/100 gal
60-EL 222, 1 lb/100 gal
70-EL 222, 2 lb/100 gal
c. 1-No nematicide
2-Mocap 6E, 400 ppm ai
3-Vydate 2L, 1000 ppm ai
Friendship No. 4 harvested June 1976, stored July 30 and
planted Oct. 29, 1976 in 25 corm, triplicate plots.
Field E, Land 4, Rows 1 and 2
Combinations of fungicides and nematicides as corm dips have
shown much promise in flower production compared to fungicides
alone.
POST-HARVEST CORM TREATMENTS TO CONTROL ROOTKNOT NEMATODES & FUSARIUM DISEASE
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
R. O. Magie and A. J. Overman
To evaluate the effect of Ethrel and temperature of dip
on effectiveness of fungicides and nematicides
Treatment:
a. 10,000
20,000
b. 1,000
2,000
c. 100
200
d. 10
20
30
40
no Ethrel
Ethrel 2000 ppm added to dip
Temp. of dip: 830F for 10 min.
Temp. of dip: 1160F for 10 min.
No fungicide, just nematicide
Benlate 1.7 lb plus Thylate 5 lb/100 gal
No nematicide
Vydate 2L at 2 pints/100 gal
Mocap 6E at pint/100 gal
Furadan 4F at 2/3 pint/100 gal
Cultural Data:
Summary:
a. Cultivars: 'Friendship' No. 5 and Seedling No. 3 corms
b. Dug June 16-18, 1976; cured, cleaned June 30
c. Treated July 22 and placed in cool storage
d. Planted Nov. 10-'Friendship' in 8 ft plots and Seedling
in 6 ft plots
Addition of Ethrel and heating of dip has increased
effectiveness of fungicides in previous experiments.
-35-
EFFECTS OF CURING PERIOD AND STORAGE OF CORMS
RIGHTSIDE-UP VERSUS UPSIDE-DOWN ON "SPLITTING" AND FLOWERING
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
R. O. Magie
To study the effect of weight loss and orientation of corms on
multiple sprouting, disease development and flower quality
Treatments:
100-Cured 5 days; lost 6% of wt.
200-Cured 14 days; lost 11% of wt.
300-Cured 28 days; lost 15% of wt.
10-Stored rightside up at 44F
20-Stored upside down at 44F
30-Stored at 44F sideways
1-Planted
2-Planted
3-Planted
Sept. 10 rightside up
Sept. 10 upside down
Sept. 10 sideways
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
Jumbo 'Friendship' corms dug at Manatee Fruit Co. on Mar.30, 1976
were cleaned and dipped in Dowicide B, 2-2/3 lb/100 gal for
10 min. on Mar. 31. Curing treatments were started on Mar. 31.
Field E, Land 3, Row 3
Previous research indicated that excessive curing of corms caused
multiple sprouting and reduction of floral quality. Planting
upside down was reported to suppress terminal dominance of tubers.
CONTROL OF FUSARIUM DISEASE OF GLADIOLUS BY SOIL FUMIGATION
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
A. J. Overman and R. O. Magie
To grow daughter corms harvested from fumigation plots of 1975
to determine amount of Fusarium infection incurred on last
year's treated plots
Treatments:
a. All treated in Botran 4 lb + Bravo 1 gal + Vydate 3 pints/
100 gal for 15 min before planting Jan. 7.
b. Fumigation treatments Dec. 12, 1975:
10-Control, none 1-Mulched
20-Smite 15G, 60 paa 2-Mulched over pressed
30-Smite 15G, 90 paa bed
40-Mylone 25G, 200 paa Removed before planting
50-Smite + Mylone, 30 + 100 paa Jan. 7
Corms harvested in June 1976 kept separate by treatments and
planted Sept. 29 in 100 corm plots, with 8 replications. First
four replications are large corms and the second 4 are medium size.
Field E, Land 3, Rows 4-7 .
Great differences were found in the number and wgt. of flowers
and in corms produced from the cormels planted in the fumigation
plots. Smite at the higher dosages had not dissipated,
especially under plastic mulch, at time of planting and a lower
percentage of germination, as well as a delay, resulted, compared
to other treatments. Mylone and the Smite + Mylone combination
more than doubled the wgt. of corms and quadrupled the number
of flowers. Corms were heavily infected with rootknot
nematodes in all but *v few corms were rotted Fusarium.
-36-
POST-HARVEST CORM TREATMENTS WITH NON-PATHOGENIC FUSARIA
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
R. O. Magie
To evaluate inoculation of corms with non-pathogenic Fusarium
cultures as a control measure against corm rot.
Treatment:
a. Control
b. Benlate 1-2/3 lb plus Thylate 5 lb/100 gal
c. Benlate 1-2/3 lb + Thylate 5 lb + X77 Spreader at 1 pt/100 gal
d. Dowicide B at 2-2/3 lb/100 gal
e. Dowicide B at 2-2/3 lb + X77 Spreader at 1 pt/100 gal
f. Fusarium moniliforme culture no. M685 (4,250,000 spores/ml)
g. F. moniliforme suspension as above diluted 1-8 with WiltPruf
h. Fusarium moniliforme culture no. M669 (2,800,000 spores/ml)
Lots 6 through 9 were incubated until March 8 pm
Cultural Data:
Location:
Summary:
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Large 'Friendship' corms dug on March 1-2, 1976 were inoculated
with Fusarium culture no. 001 (480,000 spores/ml), a
pathogenic isolate. Corms were incubated for 2 days, then
treated on the third day after inoculation. Temperature
during the week of March 1-8 was between 65 and 850F. Corms
placed in cool storage on March 8 and planted on Sept. 9.
Field E, Land 3, Row 1
Inoculation with F. moniliforme of naturally infected
'Friendship' corms apparently protected against the disease
in the field in 1975.
ALIGNMENT OF CORMS IN COOL STORAGE AND FIELD
R. O. Magie
To evaluate inoculation of corms with non-pathogenic
Fusarium cultures as a control measure against corm rot
Treatments:
100 put in cool storage Feb. 11, 1976
200 put in cool storage March 19, 1976
10 Rightside up in trays
20 Upside down in trays
30 Sideways in trays
1 Planted upside down
2 Planted rightside up
3 Planted upside down
4 planted rightwide up
Jumbo 'Friendship' corms dug at Manatee Fruit Co. on
March 9, 1976 were cleaned and dipped in Dowicide B, 2-2/3 lb/
100 gal for 10 min. on March 31. Curing treatments were
started on March 31.
Field E, Land 3, Row 2
Summary:
-37-
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
PEDUNCLE ELONGATION OF POMPONS WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID
Gary J. Wilfret and Brent K. Harbaugh
To determine the effect of single and multiple applications of
gibberellic acid on elongation of pompon peduncles
Treatments (applied at 1 gal/150 ft2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Control
4th wk SD-10
4th wk SD-20
4th wk SD-50
5th wk SD-10
5th wk SD-20
5th wk SD-50
6th wk SD-10
6th wk SD-20
6th wk SD-50
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
4th & 5th
4th & 5th
4th & 5th
4th & 6th
4th & 6th
4th & 6th
5th & 6th
5th & 6th
5th & 6th
4th, 5th,
4th, 5th,
wk 10
wk 20
wk 50
wk 10
wk 20
wk 50
wk 10
wk 20
wk 50
6th u/c
6th u/c
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
ppm GA3
- 10 ppm
- 20 ppm
GA3
GA3
Cultivars: Manatee Iceberg
Orange Beauregard
Cultural Data:
Planted: Speedling Trays, Sept. 2, 1976
Pinched: Sept. 16, 1976
Field: Oct. 1, 1976
Treatments: Oct. 29 (4th); Nov. 5 (5th);
Nov. 12 (6th)
Location:
Summary:
Researcher:
Purpose:
Row 7, Land E-2
Previous work indicated that 10-20 ppm applied 4-5 weeks
after lights out increased peduncle length 40-50%.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SPACING IN SPEEDING TRAYS
Gary J. Wilfret
To determine the optimum spacing of chrysanthemums rooted
in 2 x 2 Speedling trays and held under long day conditions
for specified periods following pinch
I. Spacing (4):
1. Solid in tray (72 plants)
2. Every other row (36 plants)
3. 2 + 1 skip (48 plants)
4. Every other space (36 plants)
II. Time in tray following
pinch (3):
1 5 days (Nov. 10, 1976)
2 10 days (Nov. 15, 1976)
3 15 days (Nov. 20, 1976)
Cultural Data:
Cultivar: Manatee Yellow Iceberg
Medium: Peat:Vermiculite:Sand (3:2:1, by volume) +
175 g Osmocote 14-14-14/2.5 ft3
Planted: October 22, 1976
Pinched: November 5, 1976
Row 4, Land E-2
Variables:
Location:
-38-
SINGLE PLANT SEED
SELECTION OF STATICE
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret
To decrease flowering time and increase yields of
statice by single plant seed selection
Commercial Cultivars:
1. American Beauty
2. Apricot
3. Blue Bonnet
4. Kempf's Blue Imp.
5. Iceberg
Purple Monarch 11.
Rosea Superba 12.
Heavenly Blue 13.
Market Grower Blue 14.
Midnight Blue 15.
Roselight
Twilight
Gold Coast
French Blue
Perejii
Seed Selections: as labeled in the field
Location:
Summary:
Researchers:
Purpose:
Variables:
Cultural Data:
Location:
Rows 5 and 6, Land E-2
Seed selection of Iceberg increased yield almost 100% prior
to Christmas of 1975 and decreased flowering time by 20-30 days.
FUNGICIDE TREATMENT OF GLADIOLUS CORMS
Gary J. Wilfret and R. O. Magie
To evaluate several new broad-spectrum fungicides as post-
harvest dip treamtents for gladiolus corms.
Treatments (15 min dips at 750F H20 temp.)
1. Control-Water dip 9. ABG-2005
2. Benlate-1.5 lb/100 gal 10. ABG-2005
3. Dowicide B-2.67 lb/100 gal 11. ABG-2005
4. ABG-2000 500 ppm 12. ABG-2006
5. ABG-2000 1000 ppm 13. ABG-2006
6. ABG-2000 2500 ppm 14. ABG-2006
7. ABG-2000 2500 ppm 15. ABG-2006
8. ABG-2005 500 ppm
Cultivar: Corms (#1 & Jumbo) of T-590
Dug: March 10, 1976
Cleaned: March 12, 1976
Treated: March 15, 1976
In Cold Storage; March 19, 1976
Planted: October 4, 1976
1000 ppm
2500 ppm
5000 ppm
500 ppm
1000 ppm
2500 ppm
5000 ppm
Row 1, Land E-2
GLADIOLUS TRIAL GARDENS
Researcher:
Purpose:
Variables:
Gary J. Wilfret
To evaluate gladiolus cultivars and breeding lines for their
adaptation to Florida's enviornmental conditions
I All America Trial Gardens
II NAGC Trial Gardens
III Commercially-available Cultivars
D--., 1-7 nf V-1
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NOTES
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