Citation
Economic data for Florida agriculture, 1975-1980

Material Information

Title:
Economic data for Florida agriculture, 1975-1980
Series Title:
Publication
Creator:
Greene, R. E. L ( Robert Edward Lee ), 1910-
University of Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Place of Publication:
[Gainesville]
Publisher:
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida
Publication Date:
Language:
English
Physical Description:
xiii, 152 p. : ; 28 cm.

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:
Farm produce -- Statistics -- Florida ( lcsh )
City of Orlando ( flgeo )
City of Gainesville ( flgeo )
Crops ( jstor )
Crop value ( jstor )
Maintenance costs ( jstor )
Genre:
bibliography ( marcgt )
statistics ( marcgt )

Notes

Bibliography:
Bibliography: p. 150-152.
General Note:
Cover title.
General Note:
"November 1980."
General Note:
This title was also published simultaneously in two series : Economic Information Report and in the Publication series of the University of Florida. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Statement of Responsibility:
R.E.L. Greene ... [et al.].

Record Information

Source Institution:
University of Florida
Rights Management:
All applicable rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier:
000316677 ( ALEPH )
08670588 ( OCLC )
ABU3481 ( NOTIS )
82620916 ( LCCN )

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TABLE OF CONTENTS




LIST OF TABLES . . . . ........

ECONOMIC SUMMARY OF FLORIDA AGRICULTURE . .. .

Farm Income, Finance and Trade . .. .


Acreage, Units, and Values of
Field crops . .
Vegetables . .
Citrus . . .
Tropical fruit crops .
Livestock . .


Crops and
. .
. .
. -
. .
. .


Livestock


* .
. -
- -
. -
-


Product Prices . . .
Corn and soybeans .. ....
Snapbeans, sweet corn and tomatoes
Oranges and grapefruit . .
Beef cattle and calves . .
Milk . . . ..
Broilers and eggs .. .. .


Input Prices . .
Fuels . .
Feeds . .
Fertilizers .... .
Pesticides .......
Vehicles and machinery .
Supplies ...... .
Wage rates ......
Real estate . .

Tables . . .


COMMODITY GROUPS


Field Crops . . .
Corn . . .
Peanuts . .
Soybeans . . .
Wheat, oats, and other small
Tobacco . . .
Sugarcane . . .
Cotton . . .


grains
. .
. .
. .


ii


1 i1i


9
10
10
12
12
13
14
15
15


S . . 16


. 50
. 50
. 51
. 51
. 52
. 52
. 53
. 54
. 54








TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued

Page

Vegetables . . . . . . 54
Snapbeans . . . . . .. .55
Cabbage . . . . . .. .56
Celery . . 0. . . .. 57
Cucumbers . . . . ... 57
Eggplants . . . . . .. .58
Escarole and lettuce ........ .... .. 58
Green peppers . . . .. .. .59
Potatoes . . . . . .. .60
Radishes . . . . . .. .60
Squash . . . . . .. .61
Strawberries .. . . . .. .61
Sweet corn ..... .......... .. ... 62
Tomatoes . . . . . .. .62
Watermelons . . . . . 63

Fruit Crops . ............. ... .. .64
Citrus . . . . . .. .64
All round oranges .............. .64
Grapefruit ........... ..... 65
Temples and tangelos . ......... .65
Tangerines and honey tangerines ....... .66
Cost of producing citrus ......... . 66

Tropical fruit crops ............... .67
Lemons . . . . .. .. .67
Limes . . . . .. .. .67
Avocados . . . . .. .67
Mangos . . . . . 68

Animal Industries .. ............. 68
Beef cattle .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .68
Dairy .......... .......... 69
Poultry . . . . . .. .70
Swine . . . ...... . 70
Bees . . . . . ... .71

Ornamentals . . . . . .. .71

Forestry . . . . . ... .72

The Marine Industry .................. .72

Tables . . . . . . 74

REFERENCES . . . . . ... 150


iii














LIST OF TABLES


Table Page


Farm Income, Finance and Trade

1 Gross and net income from farming, Florida, 1970-79 .. 16

2 Per farm gross and net income before inventory adjustment,
Florida and U.S., 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970-79 ... .17

3 Florida, cash farm receipts from marketing by commodities,
average by five-year periods, 1955-59 to 1975-79, annual
1975 through 1979 . .. . . .. .. 18

4 Estimated aggregate cash marketing of primary products
marketing margins and value of end products of Florida
agriculture, forestry and commerical fisheries, 1975-1978 19

5 States ranked by cash receipts, 1979 .......... 20

6 Balance sheet of the farming sector, Florida, January 1,
1970-80 . .. . . . .. 21

7 U.S. and Florida agricultural exports for fiscal 1975 and
1979 . . . . . . 22

Acreage, Production and Value

8 Florida farms: Number of farms, land in farms and land
use, 1954, 1959, 1964, 1969, !974 and 1979 ....... 23

9 Harvested acreage and value of production for selected
field crops, Florida 1975-79 .. . . ... .24

10 Harvested acreage and value of production for vegetables,
potatoes, strawberries, and watermelons, Florida, crop
years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. . . ..... 25

11 Bearing acreage and value of production for citrus,
Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ... .... 26

12 Bearing acreage and value of production, tropical fruit
citrus, Florida, crop years 1975-76 through 1979-80 27


iv








LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page


13 Number of units of livestock products sold or produced
and cash receipts from livestock marketing, Florida,
1975-1979 ............ .. .. . 28

Prices for Major Products

14 Corn and soybeans: Monthly average price per bushel
received by farmers, Georgia, 1975-1980 ......... 29

15 Snapbeans, sweet corn and tomatoes: Average value per
unit for fresh market sales, monthly, Florida, crop years
1974-75 through 1978-79 . . . ... 30

16 Oranges and grapefruit: On-tree price per box, monthly
and season average, Florida, crop years 1974-75 through
1979-80 . . . . . . 31

17 Beef cattle and calves: Monthly and annual average prices
received by farmers, by months, Florida, 1975-80 ... 32

18 Milk sold to plants eligible, for fresh market: Average
price received by farmers, by months, Florida 1975-80 33

19 Broilers and eggs: Monthly and market year average price
received by farmers, Florida, 1974-75 to 1979-80 . .34

Input Prices

20 Index numbers of prices paid by farmers for production
items, interest, taxes, and wage rates, United States,
1975 through 1979 (1910 14 = 100) ... ... . 35

21 Index numbers of prices paid by farmers for production
items, interest, taxes and wage rates, United States,
1975 through 1979 (1967 = 100) .. . ....... 36

22 Diesel fuel and regular leaded gasoline bulk delivery:
Average price per gallon paid by farmers, Florida,
monthly, 1975 1980 . . . . 37

23 Laying feed and egg feed ratios: Average price per ton
paid by farmers for laying feed and egg-feed ratios,
Florida, monthly,1975-1980 . . . .. 38

24 Broiler grower feed and broiler feed ratios: Average
price per ton paid by farmers for broiler grower feed
and broiler-feed ratios, Florida, monthly, 1975-1980 39








LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page


25 Cottonseed meal, soybean meal and dairy feed: Average
price paid by farmers for cottonseed meal, soybean meal
and dairy feed, Florida, monthly, 1975-1980 .. ... 40

26 Fertilizer: Average price per ton paid by farmers for
selected fertilizers, Florida or Southeastern states,
selected dates, 1975-1980 . . . .... 41

27 Pesticide materials: Price paid by farmers for specified
materials, United States, March 15, May 15, 1975-1980 42

28 New automobile and truck: Average price paid by farmers,
United States, May 15, November 15, 1975-1980 .. ..... 44

29 Tractors: Average price paid by farmers, United States,
March 15, September 15, 1975-1980 .. . ..... 45

30 Farm machinery: Average price paid by farmers, United
States, March 15, September 15, 1975-1980 . .... 46

31 Farm supplies and marketing containers: Average price
paid by farmers, United States, February 15, November 15,
1975-1980 . . . . . . 47

32 Florida wage rates: Florida wage rates for hired labor
and piece work, including agricultural service firms,
January 1975 to July 1980 .. . . ....... 48

33 Florida real estate values: Average value per acre of
land and buildings and indexes of average value per acre,
1975-1980 . . . .. . ... 49

Field Crops

Corn

34 Acreage yield, production and value of corn in Florida,
1975-1978 . . . . . . 74

35 Estimated cost of producing one acre of corn, North
Florida, 1975-1979 . . . . 75

Peanuts

36 Acreage, yield, productiu~n and value of peanuts in Florida,
1975-1979 . . . . . . .


vi








LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page


37 Estimated cost of producing one acre of peanuts, North
Florida, 1976-1979 ... .... ....... 77

Soybeans

38 Acreage, yield, production and value of soybeans in
Florida, 1975-1979 . . . . .78

39 Estimated cost of producing one acre of soybeans, North
Florida, 1975-1979 . . . . .. 79

Wheat, Oats, and Other Small Grains

40 Acreage, yield, production and value of wheat and oats in
Florida, 1975-1979 ........ ......... .. 80

41 Estimated cost of producing one acre of wheat, North
Florida, 1976-1979 . . . .. . .81

Tobacco

42 Acres, yield, production and value of tobacco in Florida,
1975-1979 . . . . . . 82

43 Estimated cost of producing one acre of tobacco, North
Florida, 1976, 1977, and 1979 ............. 83

Sugarcane

44 Acreage, yield, production and value of sugarcane for
sugar and seed in Florida, 1975-1979 .. ...... 84

45 Cost of producing sugarcane per net acre harvested, 19
South Florida growers, 1975-76 season . . .. 85

46 Estimated cost of producing sugarcane, per net acre
harvested South Florida, 1978-79 .. ........ 86

Cotton

47 Acreage, yield, production and value of cotton in
Florida, 1975-1979 .. . ... .. ......... 87

Hay

48 Acreage, yield, production and value of all hay in
Florida, 1975-1979 . . . . . 88


vii







LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page

Vegetable Crops

Snapbeans

49 Snapbeans: Acreage and yield of snapbeans in Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ............ 89

50 Production and value of snapbeans in Florida, crop years
1974-75 through 1978-79 . .......... 9.0

51 Snapbeans: Costs per acre of producing snapbeans in
the Palm Beach -- Broward area, crop years 1974-75
through 1978-79 . . . . . 91

52 Pole beans: Costs per acre of producing pole beans
in Dade County, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 92

Cabbage

53 Cabbage: Acreage, yield, production and value of cabbage
in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ..... 93

54 Cabbage: Cost per acre of producing cabbage in the
Hastings area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 94

Celery

55 Celery: Acreage, yield, production and value of celery
in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ...... 9.5

56 Celery: Cost per acre of producing celery in the
Everglades area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 96

Cucumbers

57 Cucumbers: Acres and yield per acre for cucumbers in
Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. .... 97

58 Cucumbers: Production and value of cucumbers in Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ........... 98

59 Cucumbers: Cost per acre of producing cucumbers in the
Immokalee--Lee area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 99

Eggplants

60 Eggplants: Acreage, yield, production and value of
eggplants in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 100


viii








LIST OF TABLES Contir'ied


Table Page


61 Eggplants: Cost per acre of producing eggplants in the
Palm Beach--Broward area, crop years 1974-75 through
1978-79 . . . .. . . .. 101

Escarole and Lettuce

62 Escarole and lettuce: Acreage, yield, production and
value of escarole and lettuce in Florida, crop years
1974-75 through 1978-79 ................. 102

63 Leaf crops: Cost per acre of producing leaf crops in
the Everglades area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 103

Green Peppers

64 Green peppers: Acreage, yield, production and value of
green peppers in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through
1978-79 . . . . . ... 04

65 Green peppers: Cost per acre of producing green peppers
in the Palm Beach--Broward area, crop years 1974-75
through 1978-79 .. .. .... .. ...... ... .. 105

Potatoes

66 Potatoes: Acreage, yield, production and value of potatoes
in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ....... 106

67 Irish potatoes: Cost per acre of producing Irish potatoes
in Dade County, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. 107

68 Irish potatoes: Cost per acre of producing Irish potatoes
in the Hastings area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 108

Radishes

69 Radishes: Acreage, yield, production and value of
radishes in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 109

70 Radishes: Cost per acre of producing radishes in the
Everglades area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 110

Squash

71 Squash: Acreage, yield, production and value of squash
in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 . 111


ix








LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page


72 Squash: Cost per acre of producing squash in Dade
County, crop years, 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. .... 112

Strawberries

73 Strawberries: Acreage, yields, production and value of
strawberries in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through
1978-79 . . . . . . 113

Sweet Corn

74 Sweet corn: Acreage, yield,. production and value of
sweet corn in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 114

75 Sweet corn: Cost per acre of producing sweet corn in the
Everglades area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 115

Tomatoes

76 Tomatoes: Acreage and yield of tomatoes in Florida, crop
years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. . ......... 116

77 Tomatoes: Production and value of tomatoesin Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ........... 117

78 Tomatoes: Cost per acre of producing tomatoes in
Dade County, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. ... 118

79 Staked tomatoes: Cost per acre of producing staked
tomatoes in the Immokalee area, crop years 1974-75
through 1978-79 . . . . . 119

Watermelons

80 Watermelons: Acreage, yield, production and value of
watermelons in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79. 120

81 Watermelons: Cost per acre of producing watermelons in
the Immokalee-Lee area, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79. 121

82 Watermelons: Estimated costs of producing one acre of
watermelons in North Florida, 1976, 1978, and 1979 122


x








LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Pag


Fruit

Citrus

83 Oranges- Acreage, yield, production utilization and
season average price of oranges in Florida, crop years
1974-75 through 1978-79 ....... .... .... 123

84 Grapefruit: Acreage, yield, production utilization,
season average price, and value of grapefruit in Florida,
crop years 1974-75 .through 1978-79 .......... 124

85 Temples and tangelos: Acreage, yield, production
utilization, season average price of Temples and tangelos
in Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 ..... 126

86 Tangerines and honey tangerines: Acreage, yield,
production utilization, season average price and value
of tangerines and honey tangerines in Florida, crop
years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .............. 127

87 Citrus: Cost per acre of producing citrus in Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79 .. .. .. ... 128

88 Lemons: Acres, production and value, Florida 1974-1979 129

Tropical Fruit Crops

89 Limes: Acres, production and value, Florida 1975-76
through 1979-80 .. ................ 130

90 Avocados: Bearing acreage utilization, production,
season average price per 50 pound bushel and value of
production at packinghouse door, Florida, crop years
1975-76 through 1979-80 .. . . . .. 131

91 Mangos: Acres, production and value, Florida 1975-79 132

Animal Industries

92 Cash receipts from livestock marketing in Florida,
1975-1979 . . . . . . 133

Beef Cattle

93 Beef cattle and calves: Number of beef cattle and
calves on farms by classes, Florida,.January 1, 1975-79 134


xi









LIST OF TABLES Continued


Table Page


94 Beef cattle and calves: Marketings, cash receipts and
gross income for beef cattle and calves, Florida 1975-79 .135

95 Estimated cash expenses and fixed costs for a 100 cow
herd on 200 acres of permanent pasture, flatwoods soils
of South Florida, 1976, 1977, and 1979 ........ .136

Dairy

96 Cows, heifers, and calves kept for milk: Number of cows,
heifers and calves kept for milk by classes, Florida
1975-1979 . . . . .. 137

97 Milk: Production, utilization and cash receipts in
Florida 1975-1979 . .137

Poultry

98 Eggs: Number of layers, eggs produced, cash receipts
and gross receipts. Florida 1975-1979 ........ .138

99 Broilers: Number and pounds of broilers produced and
cash receipts, Florida 1975-1979 .............. 139

100 Poultry and eggs: Cash receipts from poultry and eggs
in Florida, 1975-1979 ................. .139

Swine

101 Hogs and pigs: Inventory numbers of hogs and pigs, pig
crop and disposition, Florida 1975-1979 ......... 140

102 Hogs: Marketings, cash receipts and gross income,
Florida 1975-1979 . . . . . .141

Bees

103 Bees and honey: Number of colonies of bees and
production and value of honey and beeswax, Florida
1975-1979 . . . . . 142

Ornamentals

104 Selected floriculture crops: Acres grown, Florida,
1976-1979 . . . . . . 143


xii









LIST OF TABLES Continued


Page


. 144



S. 145


146


Selected floriculture crops: Gross wholesale value
of sales 1975-1979 ..... .

Average cost per nursery for various categories of
expenses for foliage plant and potted flowering
plant nurseries in Florida in 1975 and 1978 .. ...

Forestry

Income from forest products: Florida, 1975-1978 .

The Marine Industry

Florida commercial fishery landings, average price
and value, 1975-1979 . . . .

Estimated costs for Florida Atlantic king mackerel
hook and line boats, 1976 and 1979 . . .

Estimated costs for Florida Spanish mackerel, large
boats, 1976 and 1979 . . . .


xi i


Table


105


106


107


108


109


110


. 147


148


S. 149














Economic Data for Florida Agriculture,
1975-1980


R. E. L. Greene, Kary Mathis, Leo Polopolus
and John Holt




The purpose of this publication is to summarize basic data describ-

ing economic and financial trends in Florida agriculture from 1975 to

the present. This report should be particularly useful for background

information in connection with the IFAS Conference, "Agriculture in

Transition", in November, 1980, as well as for other uses.

This publication is organized into two major sections, each of

which contains two types of information, narrative and tabular. The

first section, Economic Summary of Florida Agriculture, contains a brief

discussion of sales values, farm income, costs and prices, and financial

data for Florida agriculture. The narrative for each of those topics is

relatively short, with references to detailed tables immediately follow-

ing the narrative.

The second major section contains narrative dealing with each

product in seven major commodity groups important in Florida. Tables

with specific data for each commodity then follow that section. Sources

of the material included in this report are listed at the end.



R. E. L. Greene is professor emeritus, and Kary Mathis, Leo Polopolus
and John Holt are professors of food and resource economics, University of
Florida, Gainesville.




2





ECONOMIC SUMMARY OF FLORIDA AGRICULTURE


This portion of the narrative is divided into four subdivisions --

farm income, finance and trade; acreage, production and value; product

prices; and input prices. The narrative refers to tables 1-33 which

are arranged in groups in the same order as the narrative.


Farm Income, Finance and Trade


Cash receipts from farm product marketing increased substantially

between 1975 and 1979. From nearly $2.5 billion in 1975, Florida sales

reached $3.9 billion by 1979 (Table 1). Net income per farm dropped

from 1975 through 1977, then increased in 1978 and 1979 (Table 2).

Cash receipts from marketing of individual commodities generally

increased over the 1975-1979 period. However, there was a drop in 1977

in many crops, due to a severe freeze and a later drought. Both crop

and livestock products averaged considerably high for the 1975-79

period than in previous five-year comparisons (Table 3). -Retail values

of Floridaproducts reached over $11 billion by 1978, the most recent

year for which data are available (Table 4).

Florida consistently ranks among the top 15 states in total farm

cash receipts in the United States (Table 5). Oranges are the leading

product in the state and Florida is first in the nation in orange

sales. Cattle and calves are usually next in rank in Florida follow-

ed by greenhouse and nursery products, dairy products and tomatoes.

Florida usually ranks second in the U.S. in both greenhouse and nursery

products and in tomatoes.










Florida farms and ranches reported total assets of over $19 billion

as of January 1, 1980, an increase of nearly $8 billion from 1975 (Table

6). The debt-to-asset ratio grew from 15.9 in 1975 to 16.8 by 1980, as

well.

Agricultural exports from Florida grew substantially in the five

years under discussion. Total agricultural and fishery exports increas-

ed from $284 million in 1975 to $529 million by 1979 (Table 7). Fruits

and preparations, primarily citrus and citrus products, almost doubled,

as did vegetables and preparations, and soybeans and products, the next

largest categories. Exports of all livestock products increased sub-

stantially, and fishery product trade nearly tripled (Table 7).


Acreage, Units, and Values of Crops and Livestock


Bureau of the Census definitions of a farm, of cropland and pasture

charged between 1974 and 1978, so data are not fully comparable for

census years. Some general trends are clear, however. Farms are

fewer but have become larger over the past 25 years, and total land

in farms has declined (Table 8). Cropland has increased since 1954,

but the differences in census definitions make numerical estimates

difficult.

Summaries were made for various crop and livestock enterprises

showing acres harvested for crops or number of units of livestock pro-

ducts for livestock enterprises and value of production for the period

1975 to 1979.






4


Field Crops


From 1975 to 1979, acres of soybeans harvested increased from

281,000 to 453,000 or 61 percent (Table 9). For 1977, 1978 and 1979,

acres of soybeans harvested were greater than any other field crop grown

in Florida. Acres harvested in major field crops were 1,246,000 in 1975

and 1,444,000 in 1979.

The value of production is higher for sugarcane than for any other

field crop grown. Since 1977, soybeans have ranked second in value. The

value of the peanuts and tobacco crops did not fluctuate a great deal

from year to year between 1975 and 1979. The total value of selected

field crops produced was $370,210,000 in 1975 and $409,442,000 in 1978.

The value of the sugarcane produced in 1979 has not been estimated.


Vegetables


Acres harvested in sweet corn are greater than any other vegetable

crop grown in Florida (Table 10). This is normally followed by snapbeans

and tomatoes. Between the 1974-75 and 1978-79 seasons, total acres

harvested in vegetables varied from 283,500 in 1976-77 to 324,950 in

1978-79. Acres harvested in watermelons were 43,000 in 1978-79 and

55,000 in 1975-76. Total acres harvested in all vegetables, potatoes,

strawberries and watermelons varied from 358,650 in the 1974-75 season

to 402,700 in the 1977-78 season.

The value of tomatoes produced is highest of any vegetable crop

grown. This is normally followed by sweet corn and celery. Value of all

vegetable crops was $417,866,000 in the 1974-75 season and $673,589,000

in the 1978-79 season (Table 10). Value of potatoes produced varied from

$24,813,000 in 1974-75 season to 441,931,000 in 1975-76. The value of







5


the watermelon crop varies inversely with the acres harvested. The

total value of all vegetables, potatoes, strawberries and watermelons

harvested'was $486,222,000 in the 1974-75 season and $758,431,000 in the

1978-79 season. This was an increase in value of 56 percent.


Citrus


In the 1974-75 season, there were 610,400 bearing acres in oranges

(Table 11). This figure decreased to 571,500 acres in the 1978-79

season or a decrease of 6.4 percent. Bearing acres in grapefruit in-

creased from 115,400 acres in the 1974-75 season to 124,600 in the 1978-

79 season or an increase of 8 percent. Bearing acres of all citrus was

802,000 in the 1974-75 season and 760,600 in the 1978-79 season.

The value of the orange crop was $280,350,000 in the 1974-75 season

but increased to $820,545,000 in the 1975-76 season. The value of the

grapefruit crop was $76,367,000 in the 1974-75 season and $109,651,000

in the 1978-79 season. The total value of all citrus was $392,704,000

in the 1974-75 season and $1,007,141,000 in the 1978-79season or an

increase of 156 percent. Oranges accounted for 81 percent of the total

value and grapefruit 11 percent.


Tropical Fruit Crops


The most important tropical fruit crop grown in the state is

avocados. The bearing acres in avocados were 6,400 in the 1975-76

season and 8,000 in the 1979-80 season (Table 12). In the 1979-80

season, bearing acreage in limes was 4,600 acres, with 1,600 acres in

mangos






6


In the 1979-80 season, the value of the avocado crop was $16,016,000,

limes had a value of $13,796,000 and mangos were valued at $2,938,000.

The value of all tropical fruit crops was $24,456,000 in the 1975-76

season and $32,750,000 in the 1979-80 season.

Livestock

Livestock enterprises showing significant variation in number of

units sold or produced between 1975 and 1979 were cattle and calves,

hogs and broilers (Table 13). Liveweight of cattle and calves marketed

was 905,242,000 pounds in 1977 and 534,460,000 pounds in 1979. Hog

marketing fluctuated from 46,855,000 pounds in 1976 to 127,280,000

pounds in 1979. Pounds of broilers produced were 244,519,000 in 1975

and 314,732,000 in 1979, an increase of 29 percent.

Cattle and calves showed the largest cash receipts of the livestock

enterprises. This is followed by milk, eggs and broilers. Cash receipts

from marketing of cattle and calves were $185,640,000 in 1975 and

$422,199,000 in 1979. Cash receipts from broilers were $62,352,000 in

1975 and $78,683,000 in 1979. Total cash receipts from all livestock

and livestock products were $623,250,000 in 1975 and $1,013,454,000 in

1979, an increase of 63 percent.

Product Prices


Prices Florida farmers received each month for the 1975-79 period

are available for broilers and eggs, beef cattle and calves, milk sold

to plants, oranges and grapefruit and snapbeans, sweet corn and tomatoes.

Prices received by Georgia farmers are avaiiaDle for corn and soybeans.









Corn and Soybeans


Monthly price data for corn and soybeans are not available for

Florida. Monthly data are available for Georgia. It is assumed that

these prices approximate those received by Florida farmers.

The price of corn varied from a low of $1.61 per bushel in Sept-

ember 1977 to a high of $3.25 in January 1975 (Table 14). This was a

difference of $1.64 per bushel or 102 percent. Normally prices reach

their peak in May, June and July before the harvest begins. They are

lowest in August and September during the harvest season.

Price received for soybeans was $4.41 per bushel in January 1976

and $9.28 in April 1977 (Table 14). Prices did not follow a consistent

pattern over the year. In most months, price was not less than $5.00

per bushel.


Snapbeans, Sweet Corn and Tomatoes


The season average price for snapbeans varied from $5.74 per bushel

in the 1975-76 season to $8.06 in the 1977-78 season (Table 15). Price

of snapbeans vary over the year in relation to supply. Prices are

normally highest in January, February and March when the supply on the

market is lowest.

The average price per crate for sweet corn did not vary widely from

year to year between the 1975-76season and the 1978-79season (Table 15).

Prices averaged $3.64 per crate in the 1975-76 season and $4.25 per crate

in the 1978-79 season. As was true for snapbeans, prices were highest in

the winter months when supply is lowest.

Price per carton for tomatoes averaged $5.48 in the 1974-75 season

and $6.57 in the 1978-79 season (Table 15). The monthly price for






8


tomatoes over the season did not follow a consistent pattern. Normally

prices are high in October when the market opens. The highest prices are

usually received in February, March and April when the supply is lowest.


Oranges and Grapefruit


The average on-tree price per box of oranges was $1.62 in the 1974-

75 season and $5.00 in the 1978-79 season (Table 16). Most of the

increase in price came in the 1977-78 and the 1978-79 seasons. Orange

prices are highest during March, April, May and June. This is the

period during which Valencia oranges are harvested.

The on-tree price per box of grapefruit was $1.72 in the 1974-75

season and $2.19 in the 1978-79 season (Table 16). Over this period the

price per box of grapefruit increased only 27 percent compared to 209

percent for oranges. Grapefruit prices are normally highest in October

when the season is first beginning and in May when the season is ending.


Beef Cattle and Calves


The average annual price farmers received for beef cattle increased

from $25.10 per cwt. in 1975 to $65.50 in 1979 (Table 17). Most .of the

increase in beef cattle prices came in 1978 and 1979. In a normal year

when prices are not rising significantly, prices are lowest in the fall

of the year and are highest in the spring months.

The average price of calves increased from $23.30 per cwt..in 1975

to $95.30 in 1979. As was true for beef cattle, most of the increase in

price came in 1978 and 1979. Variation in calf prices over.the year are

similar to those for beef cattle.








Milk


The average price Florida dairy farmers received for milk was

$11.30 per cwt. in 1975 and $14.50 in 1979 (Table 18). This was an

increase of 28 percent. Monthly prices are normally lowest in April,

May and June.


Broilers and Eggs


The average price per pound for broilers varied from 25.5 cents for

the 1974-75 market year to 22.4 cents for the 1976-77 market year (Table

19). There is no particular trend in broiler prices over the year.

However, in most years, the highest prices normally are in June and July

and the lowest prices are in December.

Prices of eggs ranged from 50.7 cents per dozen in the 1975-76

market year to 42.7 cents in the 1977-78 market year (Table 19). The

highest price per dozen for eggs is usually in December and the lowest

price in June.

Input Prices


Prices paid by farmers were recorded for a number of items of

inputs. Where available, prices are those paid by Florida farmers. In

a number of cases, prices are those for the Southeastern states or the

United States.

Index numbers of prices paid by farmers in the United States for

selected production items, interest, taxes and wage rates for the 1975-

79 period are shown on a 1910-14 = 100 base (Table 20) and a 1967 = 100

base (Table 21). On a 1910-14 = 100 base item of iinputs showing the

least increase in cost were feed, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals,





10

and farm supplies. The index of fertilizer prices was 320 in 1975 and

287 in 1979. The index for agricultural chemicals was 443 in 1975 and

415 in 1979. Indexes of costs for auto and trucks, tractors and self-

propelled machinery and other machinery showed significant increases.

The index of costs of tractors and self-propelled machinery was 990 in

1975 and 1,466 in 1979. The index with the largest increase in cost was

interest which went from 1,292 in 1975 to 2,438 in 1979.

Indexes on a 1967 = 100 base showed trends similar to those on a

1910-14 = 100 base. Cost of most production items in 1979 were more

than double what they were in 1967 (Table 21). The item with the least

increase in cost was agricultural chemicals with a index of 150. The

index for interest was 501 in 1979, the largest increase in cost.


Fuels


Florida farmers paid 39 cents per gallon for diesel fuel in April

1975 and 96 cents per gallon in December 1979 (Table 22). The price in

September 1980 was $1.08 per gallon. The most recent rise in diesel

fuel prices began in April 1979.

The price of regular leaded gasoline, bulk delivery, was 47 cents

per gallon in January 1975, 99 cents in December 1979, and reached $1.15

per gallon in May 1980 (Table 22). The increase in price of leaded

gasoline was similar to that for diesel fuel.


Feeds


The price of laying feed was $145 per ton in June 1975, and $215

per ton in September 1980 (Table 23). There was no significant trend in

laying feed prices over the year. The egg-feed ratio varied from a high






11


of 7.6 in February 1977 to a low of 3.9 in June 1980, The lowest

period of egg-feed ratios was from June 1977 to July 1980. In most

years the lowest egg-feed ratios were in May, June and July.

The price of broiler grower feed was $150 per ton in June 1975 and

$210 per ton in each of July, November and December 1979 (Table 24). On

the average the price of broiler feed was $25 to $40 higher per ton in

1979 than it was in 1975. Normally the broiler feed ratio fluctuates

between 2.6 and 2.9. Broiler feed ratios were low between July and

December 1979.

The price of cottonseed meal was at a low of $8.50 per cwt. in May

and June 1975 and a high of $15.00 per cwt. in September 1980 (Table 25).

Prices of cottonseed meal generally rose from June 1975 to June 1977, then

declined until June 1979. Prices began rising again in the fall of 1979.

The price of soybean meal varied from $8.90 per cwt. in June 1975

to $17.00 in September 1980 (Table 25). In each month of 1975 and the

first six months of 1976, the price for soybean meal was about the same

as the price of cottonseed meal. In most of the other months, the price

of soybean meal was $0.50 to $1.50 per cwt. higher than cottonseed meal.

Soybean meal price was about $7.00 per cwt. higher in 1980 than in 1975.

The price of 14 percent protein dairy feed was $115 per ton in each

of March and June 1975 compared to $160 per ton in October 1979. On the

average, the price of dairy feed was lower in 1978 than it was in 1977.

During the last half of 1979, the price of dairy feed was about $31 per

ton higher than during the last six months of 1978, and continued rising

during 1980 (Table 25).





12


Fertilizers


Price of 10-10-10 fertilizer was $100 per ton on October 15, 1976

and $126 per ton on October 15, 1979 (Table 26). Price then increased

to $145 per ton on March 15, 1980. The price of 10-10-10 fertilizer

declined from 1975 to 1976 and then remained fairly constant to October

15, 1978. Price then increased in each reporting period in 1979 and

1980.

The price of ammonium nitrate was $195 per ton on March 15, 1975

and then declined to $140 per ton in 1976. Price increased in 1977 and

then declined in 1978. Prices began rising in 1979 and reached $161

per ton by March 15, 1980.

Anhydrous ammonia dropped from $280 per ton on March 15, 1975 to

$189 by March 15, 1979. Fluctuations in the price of anhydrous ammonia

were similar to those for ammonium nitrate. The price of anhydrous

ammonia was $219 per ton on March 15, 1980 (Table 26).

The price of superphosphate declined from $100 per ton on October

15! 1975 to $70 per ton in 1976, held in the $74-$83 range in 1977 and

1978 and then increased in 1979. Superphosphate was $110 per ton on

March 15, 1980.

The price of agricultural limestone did not fluctuate a great deal

between 1975 and 1977. Price increased from $15.30 per ton on October

15, 1977 to $20.30 per ton on March 15, 1980.


Pesticides


Prices of agricultural chemicals generally declined from high

levels in 1975 or 1976 to lower, in some cases, substantially lower

prices in 1977 and 1978. Most chemicals began increasing in 1979 and





13


reached or exceeded 1975 levels in 1980. Some items have continued

dropping in price, however. For example, atrazine, a widely-used herbicide,

80 percent wettable powder, was $14.75 for 5 pounds on March 15, 1975

and $9.30 on May 15, 1980 (Table 27).

Another common herbicide, 2,4-D, dropped from $50.50 per 5 gallons

on March 15, 1976 to $38.00 on Marcn 15, 1979. The price then increased

to $58.60 by May 15, 1980.

Prices for fungicides were relatively stable from 1975 to 1978 but

then increased during 1979 and 1980. Zineb rose from $1.33 per pound on
March 15, 1975 to $1.70 on May 15, 1980, and captain increased from $1.09

on March 15, 1977 to $1.68 on May 15, 1980 (Table 27).

Insecticides generally declined in price from 1976 to 1978, then

began increasing in 1979. However, carbaryl rose steadily from $14.20

on March 15, 1975 to $22.90 by May 15, 1980 (Table 27). Malathion,

parathion and toxaphene dropped slightly from 1976 to 1979, then in-

creased in 1980. Methyl parathion decreased from over $10 per 5 gallons

from March 15, 1975 to May 15, 1977, then increased by almost $6 on May

15, 1980.


Vehicles and Machinery


Prices for both automobiles and trucks increased every reporting

period from May 15, 1975 to May 15, 1980 (Table 2S). The average price

of an intermediate size car rose from $4,810 on May 15, 1975 to $7,140

by May 15, 1980, an increase of 48 percent. The average price for a 3/4

ton pickup truck was very similar to that for an intermediate size car

for each of the reporting periods, increasing from $4,840 on May 15,

1975 to $7,120 on May 15, 1980. On May 15, 1975, the price of a 1 1/2 -

2 ton truck was 46 percent more than the price of a pickup truck. By





14


May 15, 1980, a 1 1/2 ton truck cost 91 percent more than a pickup

truck. Over the 1975-1980 period, the price of a truck increased $6,540

or 93 percent (Table 28).

Prices of tractors also increased from 1975 to 1980. A small two-

wheel drive tractor that cost $6,190 on September 15, 1975 was $9,440 or

52 percent more, on September 15, 1980 (Table g9). Between September

15, 1975 and September 15, 1980, the cost of a medium tractor increased

57 percent, and a large two-wheel tractor 67 percent. The cost of a

four-wheel drive tractor increased from $40,000 on September 15, 1975

and $67,700 on September 15, 1980, a 55 percent increase in price (Table

29).

Prices for representative farm equipment are shown for a moldboard

plow, a chisel plow, and a tandem disk. The cost of a moldboard plow

increased from $3,130 on September 15, 1975 to $5,400 on September 15,

1980, a chisel plow from $2,350 to $3,750 and a tandem disk from $3,780

to $6,320 for the same two dates (Table 30). These increases amounted

to 73 percent, 60 percent and 67 percent, respectively.

Supplies

Farm supplies and marketing containers generally increased in price

from 1975 to 1980. Barbed wire did decline from $33.60 per spool on

February 15, 1975 to $29,80 by February 15, 1977, then rose to $35.30 on

February 15, 1980 (Table 31). Some commonly used marketing containers

increased substantially in price over the period. The cost per dozen for

one-bushel baskets was $10.40 on February 15, 1975 and $15.30 on February

15, 1980. Bushel hampers were $73.50 per 100 on February 15, 1975 and

$97.80 on February 15, 1980. Burlap bags cost $33.00 per 100 on February

15, 1975 and $49.80 on February 15, 1980 (Table 31). Between the two





15


price periods, the price of a basket increased 47 percent, a hamper 33

percent and a burlap bag 51 percent.


Wage Rates


Data on farm wage rates are reported for the first month of each

quarter of the year. The wage for all hired labor was $2.86 per hour in

January 1975 but increased to $4.34 by January 1980, an increase of 55

percent (Table 32). The earnings of people paid a "piece rate" was

converted to a dollar per hour basis. On a per hour basis, the earnings

-of people working at a piece rate was slightly higher than the wage paid

for all hired labor, at $2.94 per hour in January 1975 and $4.75 in

January 1980. This was an increase of 61 percent, slightly greater than

the increase for all hired labor.


Real Estate


The per acre value of land and buildings on Florida farms increased

from $685 March 1, 1975 to $1,097 on Feb. 1, 1980, an increase of 60

percent (Table 33). The index (1967 = 100) of value per acre was 233

on March 1, 1975 and 358 on Feb. 1, 1980.











Table 1 --Gross and net income from farming, Florida, 1970-79.



Gross farm income
Cash Net farm Net farm
receipts income Net income
from Govern- Non- Other Farm before change after
farm ment money farm production inventory b in farm inventory
Year marketing payments income income Total expenses adjustment inventories adjustment


----------------------------------------------------- Million Dollars ------------------------------------------

1970 1,320.2 18.5 48.0 11.2 1,397.9 1,000.2 397.8 2.7 400.5

1971 1,449.6 15.0 53.7 13.3 1,531.5 1,019.7 511.9 23.7 535.6

1972 1,686.8 19.2 57.8 13.7 1,776.5 1,111.3 665.2 9.1 674.3

1973 2,046.2 15.5 67.9 16.8 2,146.4 1,339.5 807.0 74.9 881.9

1974 2.150.0 12.5 89.8 20.5 2,272,9 1 ,571.0 701.9 99.8 801.7

1975 2,492.1 12.9 98.6 25.6 2,628.2 1,661.2 967.0 .6 967.6

1976 2,525.3 5.4 99.7 28.1 2,658.6 1,785.1 873.5 -8.7 864.9

1977 2,631.1 20.8 109.5 32.5 2,793.7 1,897.4 896.3 -95.1 801.2

1978 3,238.4 10.3 117.0 35.3 3,401.0 2,050.5 1,350.5 -27.9 1,322.6

1979 3,892.9 5,8 128.3 74,8 4,101.8 2,706.9 1,394.9 60,4 1,455.3


aDetails may not add to totals due to rounding.

bOf farm operators.

Source: State Farm Income Statistics, ESCS, USDA, Supplement to Statistical
unpublished USDA data.


Bulletin 627, january 1980, and


cr





17


Table 2 --Per farm gross and net income before inventory adjustment, Florida
and U.S., 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970-79.



Florida Per farm income U.S.

Year Gross Net Gross Net


---------------- Dollars---------------------
1950 8,43? 4,138 5,718 2,273
1955 12,618 5,588 7,147 2,838
1960 17,074 6,399 9,715 2,806
1965 25,338 8,486 13,559 3,533
1970 35,844 10,199 19,861 4,797
1971 39,270 13,125 20,883 4,561
1972 45,551 17,056 24,517 6,226
1973 55,752 20,960 33,831 10,607
1974 59,036 18,232 35,761 9,925
1975 68,264 25,117 35,034 7,617
1976 69,054 22,589 38.051 7,687
1977 72,563 23,281 39,712 6,910
1978 88,337 35,078 46,750 10,037
1979 117,194 39,854 62,379 11,528


aExcludes changes in
operators.


inventories, and represents income of farm


Source: State Farm Income Statistics., ESCS, USDA, Supplement to
Statistical Bulletin 627, January 1980, and unpublished USDA data.







18





Table 3 --Florida, cash farm receipts from marketing by commodities, average by five-year periods, 1955-59
to 1975-79, annual 1975 through 1979.



Five-year averages Annual
Commodity 1955-59 1960-64 1965-69 1970-74 1975-79 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979


----------------------------------- 1,000 dollars -----------------------------------


Field crops:

Corn 2,451
Cotton 2,574
Peanuts 5,113
Sugarcane 10,398
Soybeans a
Tobacco, all types 21,000
Other cropsb 3,537

Vegetables:

Tomatoes 43,478
Other
vegetables 123,516

Fruit and tree nuts:

Oranges and
tangerines 213,876
Grapefruit 40,599
Limes 1,181
Avocados 1,074
Pecans 1,338
Other fruits & nutsd 2,527

Other products:

Forest 8,582
Greenhouse and
nursery 33,292

Total crops 514,536

Livestock & livestock
Products:

Cattle & calves 56,246
Dairy products 71,056
Hogs 13,646
Eggs 23,648
Chicken & broilers 8,415
Other 5,376

Total Livestock &
Livestock Products 178,387

.Total Crops, Livestock
& Livestock Prod. 692,923

Government Payments 5,531

Grand Total 698,454


5,044
2,785
6,520
25,463
a
26,977
5,472


9,696
1 ,373
9,118
52,379
7,037
29,355
4,114


13,169
1,712
21,852
113,408
21,052
30,064
6,544


28,235
1,652
36,471
200,927
52,135
32,236
15,656


59,764 73,993 106,560 173,775

131,312 192,377 235,655 432,978


273,668
49,508
1,519
1,350
843
6,062



8,789

56,600

661,746




67,269
86,844
11,344
37,701
6,968
4,777


275,169
'65,258.
2,790
2,367
1,102
9,975



4,413

79,289

819,805




110,357
107,068
15,523
60,811
15,146
6,855


381,978
117,958
4,885
5,164
1,529
20,208


748,688
137,199
11,098
9,068
1,896
27,897


32,553
899
35,092
307,890
27,513
28,671
13,821


43,011
2,753
33,338
188,412
46,490
36,351
15,310


22,796
1,653
36,618
142,354
44,353
30,698
15,717


15,451 27,366
1,417 1,541
38,918 374890
168,999 197,071
62,538 79,747
35,542 29,918
16,517 16,915


148,709 162,649 155,019 182,284 220,216

350,507 375,950 400,894 450,952 577,581


515,450
121,440
11 ,034
10,430
1,636
22,779


8,020 12,544 9,110

111,317 242,900 154,542

1.201,075 2,165,355 1,792,106


173,335
160,217
21,248
80,409
36,630
13,196


291 195
247,039
32,736
114,787
72,408
22,353


190,181
222,833
26,723
102,375
66,094
19,570


519,771
108,982
11,244
9,280
1,494
24,081



12,796

241,213

1,842527




208,877
240,150
21,480
121 ,723
64,986
25,427


585,574
133,610
8,994
7,656
2,833
24,036


974,662 1,147,932
135,525 186,439
10,518 13,700
8,749 9,223
2,133 1,386
30,753 37,837


13,165 13,165 14.482

249,389 271,123 298,235

1875,359 2,41R156 2,897,529


276,873
242,871
27,529
111,394
71,840
18,048


357,851 422,199
247,261 282,081
36,275 51,674
107,314 131,131
76,910 82,211
22,633 26,080


214,903 315,760 485,036 780,519 627,776 682,643 748,555 848,244 995,376


876,649 1,135,565 1,686,111 2,945,874- 2,419,882 2,525,270 2623,914 3,267,400 3892,905

10,346 18,500 15,941 11,031 12,875 5,440 20,750 10,311 5,777

886,995 1,154,065 1,702,052 2,956,905 2,432,757 2,530,710 2,644,664 3,277,711 3,898,682


a
Included in other crops.

b
Includes wheat, oats, hay, sorghum grain, clover and lupine seed, Austin winter peas, ramie for fiber and
other field crops.
cIncludes cabbage, celery, cucumbers, eggplant, escarole, lettuce, peppers, snapbeans, sweet corn, potatoes,
and watermelons.
dIncludes lemons, pears, persimmons, pineapples, plums, other berries, coconuts, bananas, guava, loquat,
mangoes, papayas, kumquats, tangeloes and tung nuts.
eIncludes sheep and lambs, turkeys, turkey eggs, other poultry, honey, beeswax, wool, horses, and .mles and
other livestock.
Source: The Farm Income Situation. USDA, ESCS, Washington,. D. C. and Farm Cash Receipts from Farming, Florida
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





able 4 --Estimated aggregate cash marketing of primary products, marketing margins and value of end products of Florida agriculture,
forestry and commercial fisheries, 1975-1978.


Estimated aggregate personal income earned In
Florida by primary produarsa
Cash receipts from primary Share of retail value Retail value of corresponding -nd
marketing or equivalent of end products whenever and wherever produced and sold
S1975 1976 1977- 1978 T 1975 1976 1977 1978 1975 1976 1977 1978


-------------- 1,000 dollars ------------

gri cultural,
t and commercial
ry products 3,403,728 3,520,741 3,668,983 ,22? 35
:tur 1 products 3,258,364 3,366,645 3,503,148 4,086,400

epor s only
co -odlties 2,473,184 2,581,465 2,702,658 3,294,349
:sto k products 623,250 682,599 748,548 855,351
eat animals 211,995 230,386 304,432 394,160
airy products 222,833 240,150 242,871 247,261
)ult y & eggs 168,311 190,561 183,225 190,756
isc. livestock 20,111 21,502 18,020 23,174
'ps 1,849,934 1,898,866 1,954,110 2,438,998
*ood grains 914 958 996 845
Feed crops 40,390 49,069 29,396 22,196
Cottsn 899 2,753 1,653 1,417
Tob cco 28,671 36,351 30,698 30,944
Oil crops 60,874 80,323 80,971 99,487
Veg tables 495,442 546,321 554,191 636,282
Frufits and nuts 677,076 732,371 843,176 1,185,495
All other crops 545,668 450,715 413,029 462,332
greenhouse nursery 222,540 241,213 249,389 271,123
ugarcane for sugar 307,308 188,412 142,354 163,909
Forest products 8,952 12,796 13,165 13,165
Ot er field crops 6,868 8,294 8,121 9,135
states of additional
agricultural -
To al estimates of
national agriculture 785,180 785,180 800,490 792,051
vernment payments 5,440 5,440 20,750 10,311
urf grass 23,000 23,000 23,000 25,000
Real estate sales
and trades 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000
Equipment and
machinery 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000
Horses 85,000 85,000 85,000 85,000
Small animals 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
Greyhounds 16,700 16,700 16,700 16,700
Gamebirds 450 450 450 450
Tropical fish 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000
Alligators 1,380 1,380 1,380 1,380
Catfish 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210
Fairs, expositions
rodeos, circuses and
zoos 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

orest products 57,048 65,780 76,835 106,835

onwmercial fishery
products 88,316 88,316 89,000 89,000


--------- Percent --------- ------------- 1 000 dollars-----------



32.6 35,7 35.2 38.4 9,151,976 9,615,776 10,429,141 11,144,696
42.7 42.7 42.5 49.8 7,400,130 7,701,196 8,236,095 8,201,650


36.9 37.7 36,7 44.9 6,549,060 6,850,126 7,369,715 7,341,709
52.8 56.4 56.6 55.9 1,181,378 1,209,951 1,322,304 1,530,356
54.5 50.7 52.9 52.9 383,955 454,007 575,390 745,006
56.2 60.5 60,6 60.1 395,947 396,833 401,064 411,528
62.3 62.2 60.3 60.1 270,278 306,134 303,468 317,169
15.9 40.6 42.5 40.9 126,198 52,977 42,382 56,653
33.5 33.7 32.3 42.0 5,367,682 5,640,175 6,047,411 5,811,353
19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 4,811 5,184 5,242 4,447
77.2 77.0 78.7 80.1 52,317 63,725 37,342 27,722
9.7 9.7 10.0 10.1 9,282 28,352 16,876 14,050
8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 358,388 363,510 306,980 309,440
70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 86,963 114,754 115,673 142,124
37.3 35.2 34.6 35.1 1,327,684 1,553,705 1,600,397 1,814,320
34.1 35.6 32.8 58.9 1,985,248 2,058,056 2,607,259 2,012,968
32.1 31.0 30.4 31.1 1,542,989 1,452,889 1,357,642 1,486,282
40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 556,350 603,032 623,473 677,808
41.7 37.0 37.0 37.0 736,950 509,222 384,741 456,511
3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 232,519 319,900 329,125 329,125
40.0 40.0 40.0 40,0 17,170 20,735 20,303 22,838



90.0 90.8 92.4 92.1 851,070 851,070 866,380 859,941
100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 5,440 5,440 20,750 10,311
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 46,000 45,000 45,000 50,000

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 350,000 350,000 350,000 350,000

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 85,000 85,000 85;000 85,000
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16,700 16,700 16,700 16,700
37.5 37.5 37.5 37.5 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,380 1,3.80 1,380 1,380
60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 5,350 5,350 5,350 5,350


100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,000 10,000


10,000 10,000


3,85 4.0 4.0 4.0 1,481,766 1,644,500 1,920,875 2,670,875


32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 270,080 270,080 272,171 272,17.1


aAll data in these two sections relate to the value producers receive when title to their products changes the first time. In the language of
its arts, citrus industry refers to this as "delivered in" value. That value varies from "on-tree" value by the amount of "pick and haul" paid by
the grower to harvest his fruit and deliver it to the buyer,

Does not include sales from farms.
CDoes not include tropical fish, alligators and catfish.
Source: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Analysis by Professor Ralph A. Eastwood and staff.


19







22


Table 7 --U.S. and Florida agricultural exports for fiscal 1975 and 1979.


1975 1979
Export values Florida export share Exoort values Florida export share
Of Of Of
Commodity Group U.S. Florida U.S. state Of state
production U.S. Florida U.S. production
Million dollars ---- Percent Million dollars --- Percent ---

Livestock Products
Meat animals 381.9 3.2 .84 1.44 844.1 9.5 1.13 1.96
Dairy products 143.0 .6 .42 .27 116.1 .4 .34 .14
Poultry & eggs 112.0 2.6 2.32 1.54 368.1 9.9 2.69 4.64
Hides & skins 393.3 3.9 .99 n.a. 1,302.7 14.0 1.07 n.a.
Lard & tallow 400.6 5.2 1.30 n.a. 704.8 9.9 1.40 n.a.

Croos
Wheat 5,236.8 .7 .01 76.59 4,862.0 .3 .01 75.00
Feedgrains 4,858.3 14.6 .30 36.23 7,026.1 16.4 .23 59.85
Cotton 1,054.5 .4 .04 48.43 1,909.0 .7 .04 46.67
Cottonseed oil 213.5 .1 .05 83.33 197.5 .1 .05 71.43
Tobacco 897.3 20.3 2.26 70.73 1,292.2 17.6 1.36 53.87
Soybeans & products 3,376.0 21.0 .62 81.40 7,515.0 39.2 .52 49.18
Peanuts & oil 166.2 7.2 4.33 20.51 284.8 13.2 4.63 34.83
Vegetables & prep. 533.9 34.8 6.52 7.09 756.2 67.8 8.97 8.67
Fruits & prep. 674.6 141.3 20.95 20.13 1,042.4 279.4 26.77 19.78
Nuts & prep. 151.6 .4 .26 24.69 327.0 .9 .28 64.29

Other Agric. & Fisheries
Greenhouse & nursery 16.6 1.2 7.23 .54 9.2 .9 9.78 .36
Fishery products 319.8 5.0 1.56 6.58 520.5a 14.0a 2.69a 12.73a
Other 1,632.9 21.1 1.29 n.a. 2,550.6 35.1 1.38 n.a.

Total Agric. & Fisheries 20,562.8 283.6 1.38 11.06 31,664.3 529.0 1.67 13.22

Sources: Foreign Agricultural Trade of the U.S., ESCS, USDA, 1976 and 1980; State Farm Income
Statistics, ESCS,USDA, W.G. Tyler and C,A. Wheeler, Florida's International Trade and Its Impact on
the State Economy, University of Florida, 1978.

aFigures available for 1978.





23


Table 8 --Florida farms: Number of farms, land in farms, and land use,
1954, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1974, and 1978.



Land in Pasture and Other
Year Farms farms Cropland woodland land

----------------- 1,000 acres ----------------

1j54 57,543 18,162 3,398 9,853 4,910

1959 45,100 15,237 3,401 7,672 4,164

1964 40,542 15,412 3,581 7,257 4,573

1969 35,586 14,032 3,774 4,817 5,441

1974 32,466 13,199 3,722 4,019 5,459

1978 44,165 13,435 4,519 S,123 793


a
Not fully comparable for census years because of differences in
definition of a farm and of cropland used for pasture.

Source: Census of Agriculture, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.









Table 9--Harvested acreage and value of production for selected field crops, Florida, 1975-79.


Harvested acreage Value of production
Crop *1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

--------------1000 acres ------------- ------------ 1000 dollars ----------

Corn for grain 375 480 299 370 360 45,563 74,880 16,744 40,404 54,378

Cotton & seed 3.7 7.1 6.1 3.6 3.3 800 2,984 1,421 1,282 1,248

All hay 207 219 226 235 235 21,816 24,339 27,120 27,260 28,899

Peanuts 55 55 55 54 55 35,352 33,660 35,294 38,877 37,769

Soybeans 281 253 327 410 453 29,674 46,046 49,050 69,700 86,704

Sugarcane 298 298 300 316 327 208,276 146,697 175,812 198,871 a

Tobacco,
flue cured 13.5 14.0 11.8 10.5 10.5 27,641 33,113 30,396 31,752 30,476

Wheat 13 14 13 12 --- 1,088 1,260 829 1,296

Total 1,246 1,340 1,238 1,411 1,444 370,210 362,979 336,666 409,442


a
Estimates not available.

b
Estimates discontinued after 1978 crop.

Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crop Summary 1979, Florida Crop and Livestock
Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.







Table 10--Harvested acreage and value of production for vegetables, potatoes, strawberries, and watermelons,
Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79.


Harvested acreage Value of Production
Crop 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79

---------------- 1000 acres ----------- --------------1000 dollars --------------
Vegetables:
Snapbeansa 35,300 37,500 40,000 51,000 54,100 26,038 25,560 27,000 35,849 36,261
Cabbage 16,900 17,200 16,300 16,500 17,800 26,115 19,262 48,225 29,873 51,907
Celery 10,600 9,700 10,100 10,900 11,700 25,877 40,930 39,082 47,178 55,142
Sweet corn 52,700 57,400 50,300 56,500 54,500 45,141 48,182 44,070 49,238 51,423
Cucumbersa 14,600 15,400 20,700 22,000 22,000 18,404 15,806 23,936 27,229 37,635
Eggplants 2,150 2,300 1,950 2,250 2,800 5,521 4,841 5,332 5,636 6,784
Escarole 5,700 5,800 6,000 6,100 6,500 8,688 9,860 12,521 15,124 13,547
Lettuce 7,100 8,000 9,500 10,000 12,900 11,513 15,247 17,650 37,272 48,032
Green peppers 14,900 15,900 16,800 18,800 18,100 37,695 39,326 38,054 42,188 49,413
Radishes 27,400 25,700 27,300 28,200 29,600 16,769 15,834 16,303 22,198 21,895
Squash 11,200 11,400 12,000 11,850 13,350 10,997 11,508 11,156 7,253 13,971
Tomatoes 31,500 38,300 34,000 41,500 40,800 148,709 162,649 155,019 182,284 220,216
Other
vegetables 56,300 52,100 38,400 42,800 40,800 36,399 38,730 44,626 52,463 67,363
Total 286,350 296,700 283,350 318,400 324,950 417,866 447,735 482,974 553,785 673,589
Potatoes 27,500 31,000 30,100 32,300 28,000 24,813 41,931 41,670 35,171 30,435
Strawberries 1,200 1,400 1,500 2,000 2,400 8,375 8,862 8,960 16,646 22,157
Watermelons 43,600 55,000 51,000 50,000 43,000 35,168 25,839 26,507 26,800 32,250
Total 358,650 384,100 365,950 402,700 398,350 486,222 524,367 560,111 632,402 758,431

alncludes fresh and processing in 1976-77, 1977-78 and 1978-79.

bIncludes other fresh and processing vegetables and cantaloupes.


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Vegetable Summary 1979.
Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


Florida Crop and Livestock


Ur








Table 11--Bearing acreage and value of production for citrus


Bearing acreage Value of production
Crop 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79

-----------------1000 acres --------------- --------------1000 dollars----------

Oranges 610.4 596.4 594.3 579.0 571.5 280,350 321,449 405,982 693,677 820,545

Grapefruit 115.4 117.9 119.3 120.3 124.6 76,367 72,155 81,116 84,438 109,651

Temples 21.9 20.5 20.3 18.9 18.3 8,893 9,870 8,189 19,226 23,284

Tangelos 18.9 18.6 18.4 17.9 17.1 6,833 7,806 6,814 16,144 15,746

Tangerines 19.4 18.0 17.9 16.5 15.9 9,463 10,251 10,855 15,339 15,457

Honey tangerines 9.1 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.0 5,420 7,390 4,356 10,281 12,083

Lemons 6.9 7.0 5.1 4.9 5.2 5,378 4,727 1,797 3,780 10,375

Total 802.0 787.1 783.8 765.9 760.6 392,704 433,648 519,109 842,885 1,007,141


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Citrus Summary 1979. Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting
Service, Orlando, Florida.


Florida, crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79.









Table 12--Bearing acreage and value of production, tropical fruit crops, Florida, crop years 1975-76
through 1979-80.



Bearing acreage Value of production
Crop 1075-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80

----------------- Acres ------------ --- ------------1000 dollars --------------

Avocados 6,400 6,900 7,300 7,700 8,000 11,600 8,659 7,383 9,240 16,016

Limes 4,400 4,500 3,800 4,100 4,600 10,012 11,610 8,786 11,642 13,796

Mangos 1,650 1,900 1,650 1,650 1,600 2,844 3,000 2,406 2,138 2,938

Total 12,450 13,300 12,750 13,450 14,200 24,456 23,269 8P,575 23,020 32,750


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Tropical Fruit
Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


Crops Summary 1979. Florida Crop and


N3
ro






Table 13--Number of units of livestock products sold or produced and cash receipts from livestock
marketing, Florida, 1975-1979.

Year


Item


Unit


197b


19/b


1Y//


9 %a


Number of units sold or produced

Cattle and calves marketing
Hog marketing a
Total milk production
Eggs produced
Broilers produced
Honey marketing
Beeswax marketing
b
Cash receipts

Cattle and calves
Hogs
Milk
Poultry and eggs:
Broilers
Eggs
Other
Honey
Beeswax
Other livestock and products

Total livestock and products


1000 pounds
1000 pounds
Million pounds
Million eggs
1000 pounds
1000 pounds
1000 pounds


1000
1000
1000

1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000


dollars
dollars
dollars

dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars


1000 dollars


754,130
60,057
1,956
2,779
244,519
24,480
343


185,640
26,845
212,440

62,352
101,981
2,236
10,820
326
20,610


712,640
46,855
2,023
2,846
289,797
27,360
465


208,877
19,867
240,150

65,784
120,075
3,982
11,601
516
11,791


905,242
73,520
1,993
2,998
295,335
14,400
216


276,873
27,864
242,871

66,155
114,521
3,790
6,365
348
9,768


724,005
82,443
1,948
2,954
292,496
23,852
334


357,851
36,275
247,261

72,539
104,971
3,184
11,783
578
21,321


534,460
127,280
1,966
3,189
314,732
28,080
337


422,199
51,676
282,081

78,683
130,054
4,603
14,826
573
28,759


623,250 682,643 748,555 855,763 1,013,454


excludes custom slaughter for use on farm where produced and interfarm sales within


the state.


bDoes not include government payments.

cIncludes sheep and lambs, wool, turkeys, turkey eggs, other poultry, horses and mules and other
livestock.
dCalendar year basis for cattle, calves, milk and total livestock and products. A market year
of December of previous year through November of current year for hogs and chickens.
Source: Florida Agri. Statistics, Dairy Summary 1979, Livestock Summary 1979 and Poultry Summary
1979. Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


00
oo


- -


19/t


19/Y








Table 14--Corn and soybeans: Monthly average price per bushel recieved by farmers, Georgia,
1975-1980.



Crop
and Month
year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.


Corn --------------------- ----Dollars------ ----------------

1975 3.25 3.02 2.88 2.93 2.85 2.95 2.89 2.94 2.74 2.73 2.45 2.52
1973 2.59 2.63 2.69 2,68 2.75 2.93 3.00 2.57 2.59 2.40 2.11 2.36
1977 2.42 2.57 2.60 2.54 2.47 2.45 2.00 1.72 1.61 1.73 2.25 2.29
1978 1.98 2.20 2.30 2.38 2.59 2.50 2.26 2.20 2.14 2.28 2.48 2.52
1979 2.56 2.59 2.63 2.74 2.79 2.88 2.90 2.76 2.84 2.83 2.88 2.96
1980 2.97 3.00 2.88 2.91 2.96 2.92 3.18 3.27 3,43 3.47

Soybeans

1975 6.39 5.60 5.23 5.77 5.10 5.00 5.34 5.77 5.37 5.06 4.40 4.26
1976 4.41 4.52 4,57 4.64 4.90 5.83 6.82 6.02 6.65 6.00 6.15 6.46
1977 6.57 7.41 8.21 9.28 8.93 7.57 5.54 5.71 6.15 5.71 5.75
1978 5.82 5.77 6.52 6.65 6.79 6.78 6.49 6.30 6.02 6.17 6.23 6.40
1979 6.75 6.92 7.24 7.27 7,22 7.53 7.57 7.22 6.70 6.55 6.26 6.57
1980 6.31 6.37 5.97 5.70 5.88 5.98 7.00 7.60 7.88 7.68


Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports January 1975 to Sept. 1980. Crop Reporting
Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.


r.
to








Table 15--Snapbeans, sweet corn and tomatoes: Average value per unit for fresh market sales,
monthly, Florida crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79



Crop and Month Season
year Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. average

---------------------------- Dollars per bushel-----------------------------------
Snap Beans
1974-75 5.75 8.65 8.05 6.05 7.10 5.20 5.40 5.60 6.00 6.45 6.14
1975-76 8.25 4.75 6.55 5.75 7.25 8.60 6.10 4.70 3.10 6.20 5.74
1976-77 7.65 7.05 5.60 9.20 6.25 5.30 6.25 5.10 6.29
1977-78 8.10 6.00 6.35 9.85 13.00 9.65 8.40 7.95 6.10 8.06
1978-79 6.80 5.65 7.45 8.55 9.60 7.95 6.50 10.05 8.30 7.58
---------------------------- Dollars per crate------------------------------------
Sweet Corn
1974-75 3.05 2.80 3.50 3.30 4.25 3.95 3.60 4.00 4.35 4.55 3.77
1975-76 3.65 5.05 5.15 4.55 5.05 4.55 3.75 2.95 2.95 2.50 3.64
1976-77 3.30 3.20 3.10 4.60 5.90 4.20 3.90 3.30 2.90 3.68
1977-78 4.05 3.55 3.45 5.20 6.40 5.25 4.95 3.25 3.40 3.95 3.89
1978-79 3.55 3.35 6.10 5.15 6.40 5.50 3.85 3.90 4.15 3.90 4.25
---------------------------- Dollars per carton-----------------------------------
Tomatoes
1974-75 6.15 4.90 6.25 6.80 5.85 5.30 4.15 4.50 5.48
1975-76 5.95 5.90 6.35 6.55 6.40 6.35 3.25 5.85 5.51
1976-77 7.55 5.85 7.35 8.80 10.05 8.70 5.15 5.30 6.36
1977-78 7.00 5.90 5.10 5.40 6.10 9.00 6.40 6.50 6.34
1978-79 4.85 5.90 6.65 6.50 8.05 8.25 6.60 5.70 6.57


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Vegetable Summary 1979. Florida Crop and Livestock
Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


C)
0






Table 16--Oranges and grapefruit: On-tree price per box,monthly and season average, Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1979-80.



Crop and Month Season
year Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July average price

------------------------- Dollars per box -----------------------------------

Oranges
1974-75 1.78 1.40 1.42 1.41 1.52 1.79 1.81 1.89 1.95 1.62
1975-76 2.00 1.66 1.67 1.66 1.75 1.83 1.81 1.86 1.87 2.10 1.77
1976-77 1.70 1,85 1.88 1.92 2.27 2.61 2.73 2.79 2.17
1977-78 4.12 3.82 3.81 3.92 4.24 4.26 4.38 4.47 4.48 4.14
1978-79 4.34 4.22 4.67 5.16 5.30 4.97 5.36 5.47 5.00
1979-80 3.34 3.03 3.15 3.54 3.84 3.54 4.12 4.17 3.89 -

Grapefruit
1974-75 2.07 1.57 1.59 1.56 1.58 1.64 1.68 2.39 2.79 1.72
1975-76 2.37 2.08 1.45 1.51 1.37 1.24 1.21 1.39 1.97 1.47
1976-77 2.15 1.60 1.60 1.37 1.85 1.44 1.41 1.61 1.77 1.58
1977-78 2.74 1.84 1.86 1.75 1.55 1.43 1.50 1.66 2.11 1.64
1978-79 1.12 1.85 2.31 1.80 2.24 2.35 2.72 3.84 2.19
1979-80 4.26 3.08 3.25 3.03 2.89 2.99 3.19 3.90 -

a
Not available.

Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, September 1975 to July 1980. Crop Reporting
Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.


(A)







Table 17--Beef cattle and calves: Monthly and annual average prices received by farmers, Florida,
1975-1980.


Month
Annual
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. average

------------------------Beef Cattle: Dollars per cwt.----------------------

1975 23.20 23.80 23.60 25.60 27.30 27.70 26.30 23.50 24.40 24.00 24.50 25.60 25.10
1976 26.20 28.00 29.50 32.70 33.00 31.00 30.80 27.80 26.60 25.60 24.50 25.90 28.90
1977 27.50 28.90 30.50 31.90 31.40 29.50 29.70 29.40 28.40 28.30 28.90 29.00 29.60
1978 32.80 36.30 39.70 44.00 45.60 45.20 46.10 47.80 48.20 48.50 49.50 54.30 43.30
1979 57.80 64.50 67.70 71.50 70.30 64.20 65.70 64.30 67.90 63.60 63.90 63.40 65.50
1980 63.10 66.90 62.20 54.80 55.80 58.80 58.30 61.50 61.40 59.60

--------------------------Calves: Dollars per cwt---------------------------

1975 21.20 21.70 22.10 23.20 25.00 25.70 24.60 21.70 23.00 23.20 22.40 25.50 23.30
1976 26.80 29.50 30.50 35.70 34.80 34.60 31.40 31.10 28.10 28.10 26.50 27.60 30.20
1977 29.20 31.10 33.20 36.20 34.60 32.90 32.00 33.10 32.50 31.80 31.60 32.30 32.60
1978 39.40 44.60 52.20 55.30 63.00 59.20 63.50 63.10 67.50 63.40 67.40 74.40 59.40
1979 81.60 90.90 103.00 110.00 110.00 102.00 102.00 92.90 95.50 86.20 86.00 85.00 95.30
1980 87.30 93.40 95.00 78.00 73.10 79.60 76.10 76,90 75.20 70.30


Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, January 1975 to SeLpt1980. Crop Reporting Board,
Economic, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, USDA, Washington, D.C.







Table 18--Milk sold to plants eligible for fresh market: Average price received by farmers, by months,
Florida, 1975-1980.



Month Annual
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. average

----------------------------------Dollars per cwt.------------------------------

1975 11.80 11.70 10.90 10.80 10.70 10.20 10.60 10.80 11.70 11.90 12.10 12.30 11.30
1976 12.20 12.00 11.90 11.50 11.40 11.30 11.70 11.80 12.30 12.40 12.20 12.00 11.90
1977 12.00 12.00 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 12.30 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.40 12.40 12.20
1978 12.40 12.50 12.30 12.20 12.30 12.50 12.50 13.00 13.40 13.50 13.50 13.70 12.80
1979 14.00 14.20 14.10 13.80 13.80 13.90 14.10 15.20 15.20 15.20 15.60 15.50 14.50
1980 15.50 15.60 15.30 15.20 15.40 15.30 15.60 16.00 16.10 16,50


Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, January 1975 toSept., 1980. Crop Reporting Board,
Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, USDA, Washington, D,C.


00
CO







Table 19--Broilers and eggs: Monthly and market year average price received by farmers, Florida,
1974-75 to 1979-80.



Month Market year
Year Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Average price

-----------Broilers: Cents per pound liveweight equivalent price----------------

1974-75 19.0 23.0 23.0 22.0 22.0 24.5 27.5 30.0 29.0 29.0 27.5 26.5 25.5
1975-76 23.5 23.0 24.0 23.5 22.5 24.0 24.0 24.5 23.0 21.5 19.5 18.5 22.7
1976-77 19.0 21.0 23.0 23.5 23.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 23.0 22.5 21.0 20.0 22.4
1977-78 19.5 21.5 23.5 24.0 26.5 26.5 29.5 30.0 25.0 25.5 23.5 23.5 24.8
1978-79 24.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 27.5 28.5 26.5 23.5 22.0 21.0 20.0 23.5 25.0
1979-80 24.5 27.0 24.5 23.0 20.5 22.0 22.5 29.5 29.5 32.0 30.5
----_-------------------Eggs: Cents per dozen---------------------------------
1974-75 53.6 49.9 44.8 44.7 38.6 37.4 36.4 38.6 43.6 46.0 44.7 50.4 44.1
1975-76 58.0 54.9 49.8 44.1 43.9 45.4 44.7 47.0 52.2 54.0 53.8 59.6 50.7
1976-77 63.3 59.6 58.5 49.1 44.2 37.8 37.2 40.8 40.1 41.3 38.6 40.6 45.9
1977-78 41.0 39.2 46.5 46.2 42.5 40.0 34.9 38.5 44.2 44.5 43.6 50.2 42.7
1978-79 55.0 51.3 50.0 57.0 52.2 47.1 46.7 44.7 43.4 44.2 44.6 50.7 49.0
1979-80 55.2 47.9 37.5 45.0 44.8 38.7 35.8 38.7 54.6 55.0 48.0


Source: Aqricultural Prices Monthly Reports,


December 1974 to Sept.1980. Crop Reporting Board,Economics,


Statistics, and Cooperatives Service. USDA, Washington, D.C.






35


Table 20--Index numbers of prices paid by farmers for production items,
interest, taxes, and wage rates, United States, 1975 through
1979 (1910 14 = 100).


Year
Item 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

------ Index 1910 14 = 100-------

Production items:

Feed 398 408 398 390 436
Feeder livestock 517 594 612 853 1129
Seed 582 574 621 650 681
Fertilizer 320 272 266 265 287
Agricultural chemicals 443 481 434 407 415
Fuels and energy 313 331 357 373 483
Farm and motor supplies 450 439 441 458 506
Auto and trucks 940 1043 1151 1218 1343
Tractors and self propelled
machinery 990 1102 1205 1315 1466
Other machinery 895 1025 1120 1211 1332
Building and fencing 835 871 928 1001 1099
Farm services and cash rent 578 633 682 710 770

Interest 1292 1474 1610 1929 2438
Taxes 1375 1496 1657 1756 1918
Farm wage rates 1627 1781 1915 2053 2245


Crop Reporting Board,


Source: Selected issues of Agricultural Prices,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.






36


Table 21--Index numbers of prices paid by farmers for production items,
interest, taxes and wage rates, United States, 1975 through
1979 (1967 = 100).


Year
Item 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

-------- Index 1967 = 100 -------

Production items:

Feed 187 191 186 183 204
Feeder livestock 134 154 158 221 293
Seed 245 241 261 273 286
Fertilizer 217 185 181 180 196
Agricultural chemicals 160 174 157 147 150
Fuels and energy 177 187 202 211 276
Farm and motor supplies 168 164 165 171 189
Autos and trucks 191 212 234 248 273
Tractors and self propelled
machinery 195 217 238 259 289
Other machinery 197 225 246 266 293
Building and fences 206 215 229 248 272
Farm services and cash rent 199 218 235 245 265

Interest 265 303 331 396 501
Taxes 162 176 195 207 221
Farm wage rates 192 210 226 242 265


Crop Reporting Board,


Source: Selected issues of Agricultural Prices,
U. S. Department of Agriculture. W-shington, u.C.






Table 22.--Diesel fuel and regular leaded gasoline bulk delivery: Average price per gallon
paid by farmers, Florida, monthly, 1975 1980.


Month
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

------------------------------Dollars------------------------------
Diesel fuel
1975 .41 a .39 .40 .41
1976 .41 a .45 .47 .42
1977 .47 .51 .48 .50 .50 .48 .50 .52 .50 .47 .49 .47
1978 .50 .51 .50 .52 .52 .52 .53 .52 .52 .54 .53 .54
1979 .57 .55 .58 .63 .71 .77 .84 .88 .93 .93 .94 .96
1980 .99 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.08 1,08 1.07

Regular leaded gasoline bulk delivery
1975 .47a .50 .53 .52
1976 .52a .50 .54 .53
1977 .54 .55 .56 .56 .57 .57 .57 .57 .57 .57 .56 .56
1978 .58 .58 .59 .59 .58 .61 .62 .62 .63 .64 .63 .63
1979 .65 .65 .69 .72 .76 .82 .85 .91 .94 .97 .96 .99
1980 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.12


a
Monthly prices not recorded before 1977.
Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, January 1975 to Sent. 1980. Crop
Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.








Table 23--Laying feed and egg feed ratios: Average price per ton paid by farmers for
laying feed and egg-feed ratios, Florida, monthly 1975 -- 1980.




Month
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

----------------------------- Dollars ---------------------
Laying feed
1975 162 154 146 151 146 145 150 151 151 156 151 152
1976 165 155 168 167 159 162 164 169 169 169 165 164
1977 164 168 169 177 182 179 167 161 152 149 152 159
1978 159 161 160 167 167 171 168 165 166 167 172 172
1979 172 174 177 176 181 184 195 199 186 189 187 191
1980 189 189 189 179 180 185 186 200 215 220

---------------------------------- Pounds -------------------------------
Egg-feed ratios
1975 6.6 6.4 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.5 6.1 5.8 6.1 7.2
1976 6.7 6.4 5.2 5.3 5.8 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.7 7.5
1977 7.5 7.6 6.0 5.3 4.5 4.1 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.6 5.8
1978 5.7 6.1 5.6 5.5 4.8 4.1 4.2 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.5 6.2
1979 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.1 5.5 4.7 4.8 4.3 5.5 4.4 5.3 5.8
1980 5.1 4.0 4.8 5.0 4.3 3.9 4.2 5.5 5.1 5.7


aNumber of pounds of laying feed equivalent in value to one dozen eggs.

Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, January 1975 to Sept.1980. Crop
Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.


(A)
00






Table 24--Broiler grower feed and broiler feed ratios: Average price per ton paid by
farmers for broiler grower feed and broiler-feed ratios, Florida,
monthly, 1975-1980.


Month
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

_------------ ----------------- Dollars -------------------------------
Broiler grower feed
1975 172 165 153 156 152 150 154 160 158 163 164 164
1976 153 170 156 157 169 171 173 178 180 181 178 173
1977 174 175 177 183 190 198 179 163 156 150 156 167
1978 168 169 170 175 177 181 177 175 173 176 180 180
1979 180 180 186 188 186 190 210 205 198 205 210 210
1980 205 172 210 215 205 205 200 210 225 230
----------------------------Pounds-------------------------------
Broiler feed ratios a
1975 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.2 2.7
1976 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1
1977 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.3
1978 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7
1979 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3
1980 2.6 3.0 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8

aNumber of pounds of broilergrower feed equal in value to one pound of broiler live
weight.

Source: Agricultural Prices Monthly Reports, January 1975 to Sept.1980, Crop Reporting
Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service USDA, Washington, D.C.








Table 25 --Cottonseed meal, soybean meal and dairy feed: Average price paid by farmers for
cottonseed meal, soybean meal and dairy feed, Florida, monthly 1975 --
1930.


Month
Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

----------------------------Dollars per cwt.---------------------------------
Cottonseed meal -- 41 percent protein
1975 10.00 9.60 9.00 8.90 8.50 8.50 9.00 9.40 9.60 10.00 9.90 9.90
1976 10.60 9.80 9.70 9.50 10.00 10.50 11.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.50
1977 12.50 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.00 13.50 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.50 11.50
1978 11.50 11.50 11.50 12.00 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 12.00 12.00
1979 12.00 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.00 12.00 13.00 13.50 13.50 13.50 14.00 14.00
1980 14.00 14.50 14.00 13.00 13.50 13.00 13.00 14,00 15,00 16.00

Soybean meal -- 44 percent protein
1975 9.90 9.50 9.10 9.20 9.00 8.90 9.30 9.10 9.60 10.50 9.40 9.30
1976 9.50 9.90 9.80 10.00 10.00 11.00 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 13.00
1977 13.00 13.50 14.00 15.00 16.50 16.50 14.50 14.00 12.50 11.50 11.50 12.50
1978 12.50 12.50 13.00 13.50 13.00 13.50 13.00 12.50 13.00 13.00 13.50 13.50
1979 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 14.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 13.50 13.50
1980 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 13.50 14.50 15.50 17.00 17,50
-----------------------------Dollars per ton---------------------------------
Dairy feed -- 14 percent protein
1975 130 125 115 125 120 115 118 122 124 126 125 127
1976 128 130 130 133 133 134 137 139 140 141 141 140
1977 140 144 146 155 154 149 145 130 124 129 124 132
1978 133 132 125 122 123 128 127 120 120 128 132 129
1979 131 137 137 141 151 149 155 151 154 160 158 163
1980 171 172 167 167 160 162 162 165 175 182

Source: Agricultural Prices, Monthly Reports, January 1975 to Sept. 1980. Crop
Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.


0







Table 26--Fertilizer: Average price per ton paid-by farmers for selected fertilizers, Florida
or Southeastern states, selected dates, 1975-1980.


Ammonium Anhydrous Superphosphate Agricultural
10-10-10 nitrate ammonia 20 pet. P205 limestone
March Oct. March Oct. March Oct. March Oct. March Oct.
Year 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

----------------------------------Dollars

1975 b 120 115 195 160 280 250 95 100 15.00 15.00

1976b 105 100 140 140 205 200 85 70 13.00 14.50

1977 110 109 150 154 207 211 74 83 15.00 15.30

1978c 111 108 146 143 196 195 79 83 15.80 16.20

1979 116 126 142 146 189 201 84 92 16.70 18.40

1980c 145 149 161 173 219 241 110 105 20.30 22.30


aSpread on field.

b
Dates are April 15 and October 15. Prices are for Florida.

c
Prices are for Southeastern States.
Source: Agricultural Prices. Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, ind Cooperatives
Services. 13DA, Washington, D.C.









Table 27--Pesticide materials: Price paid by farmers for specified materials, United States,
March 15, May 15, 1975-1980.



Herbicides Fungicides
Atrazine, 80 pct. Zineb 75 pct. Captan, 50 pct.
wettable powder 2,4D 4#/gal. wettable powder wettable powder
Year March 15 May 15 March 15 May 15 March 15 May 15 March 15 May 15


Dollars per 5 Ibs

14.75 --b
b
13.60 --

10.80 11.00

10.00 10.10

9.67 9.87.

9.19 9.30


Dollars per 5 gal

48.60 -b
b
50.50 --

44.75 41.95

37.50 37.40

38.00 38.80

52.70 58.60


Dollars per lb

1.33 --
b
1.26 --

1.26 1.33

1.39 1.37

1.50 1.50

1.66 1.70


Dollar per lb
_b _b
b b
--b --b

1.09 1.13

1.23 1.23

1.35 1.37

1.62 1.68


1975a

1976a

1977

1978

1979

1980


Continued


4=,








Table 27--Pesticide materials: Price paid by farmers for specified materials, United States, March 15,
May 15, 1975-1980.--Continued.



Insecticides
Carbaryl, Malathion, Methyl parathion, Parathion, Toxaphene,
80 pct, 5#/gal. emul. 4#/gal. emul. 4#/gal. emul. 6#/gal. emul.
wettable powder concentrate concentrate concentrate concentrate
Year March 15 May 15 March 15- May 15 March 15 May 15 March 15 May 15 March 15 May 15

Dollars per 10 bs ------------------------ Dollars per 5 gal.-------------------------

1975 a 14.20 -- b 67.50 -- b 50.50 -- b 52.00 -- b 29.00 -- b

1976 17.30 -- b 71.50 -_ b 46.80 -- b 53.00 -- b 29.35 -- b

1977 18.50 18.60 70.00 69.50 40.20 39.95 50.00 52.00 26.50 27.40

1978 19.00 19.20 68.00 69.00 42.70 44.60 51.80 53.20 28.10 27.80

1979 20.00 20.50 67.00 68.90 44.20 44.80 55.20 55.90 29.70 30.60

1980 22.70 22.90 75.00 79.30 45.30 45.70 59.70 60.30 35.10 37.70


a
April 15 instead of March 15.

b
Item not surveyed prior to 1977.

Source: Agricultural Prices. Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives
Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.







Table 28 -New automobile and truck: Average price paid by farmers, United States, May 15,
November 15, 1975-1980.


Truck
Automobile Truck
4-door sedan 1 1/2-2 ton
intermediate sizea 3/4 ton pickup cab and chassis
Year May 15 Nov. 15 May 15 Nov. 15 May 15 Nov. 15


----------------------------------- Dollars-------------------------------

1975 4,810 5,080 4,840 5,090 7,060 7,590

1976 5,140 5,480 5,200 5,590 8,000 8,810

1977 5,520 5,910 5,650 5,940 8,870 9,490

1978 5,970 6,360 6,080 6,530 10,000 11,000

1979 6,690 6,930 6,930 7,110 11,800 12,900

1980 7,140 7,120 13,600


a
Includes Chevrolet,Chevelle Malibu Classic, Ford Grand Torino and Plymouth Fury for May and
November 1975 and May 1976. Ford LTD II substituted for Ford Grand Torino November 1976 to May
1978. Includes Chevrolet Malibu Classic and Dodge Diplomat for November 15, 1978 to May 15, 1980.


Includes Ford, Chevrolet, and Dodge.


Includes Ford and Chevrolet.
Source: Agricultural Prices. Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives
Services. USDA, Washington, D.C.







Table 29 -Tractors: Average price paid by farmers, United States, March 15, September 15, 1975-1980.



2-wheel drive 4-wheel drive
30-39 P.T.O. or 50-59 P.T.O. or 110-129 P.T.O. or 170-240 P.T.O. or
belt HP, each belt HP, each belt HP, each belt HP, each
Year March 15 Sept. 15 March 15 Sept. 15 March 15 Sept. 15 March 15 Sept. 15

--------------------------------------Dollars ----------------------------

1975 -a 6,190 -a 8,790 --a 19,400 -a 40,000

1976 -a 6,640 -a 9,350 -a 21,700 -a 43,900

1977 6,980 7,180 9,860 10,200 23,300 23,700 --b 45,500

1978 7,410 7,900 10,500 11,200 24,700 25,900 48,000 50,100

1979 8,280 8,630 11,600 12,300 27,200 29,000 53,600 57,100

1980 9,200 9,440 13,200 13,800 31,200 32,500 61,900 67,700



aNot reported before 1977.


Not available for March 1977.

Source: Agricultural Prices, Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Services,
USDA, Washington, D.C.


-P
cn








Table 30 -Farm-machinery: Average price paid by farmers, United States, March 15,
September 15, 1975-1980.



Chisel plows,
Moldboard plow deep tillage, chisel Tandem disk
5-bottoms or sweep 18 feet harrow 16 feet
Year March 15 Sept. 15 March 15 Sept. 15 March 15 Sept. 15

----------------------------- Dollars-------------------------------

1975 -a 3,130 -a 2,350 -a 3,780

1976 _-a 3,490 -_a 2,510 -a 4,300

1977 3,790 3,800 2,700 2,900 4,520 4,800

1978 4,000 4,210 3,010 3,110 4,970 5,080

1979 4,590 4,890 3,200 3,540 5,420 5,600

1980 5,270 5,400 3,630 3,750 6,030 6,320


a
Not reported before 1977.

Source: Agricultural Prices, Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and
Cooperatives Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.








Table 31 -Farm supplies and marketing containers: Average price paid by farmers, United States,
February 15, November, 1975-1980.


Farm supplies
Barbed wire galvanized,
12 1/2 gauge, 4 pt.
Year Feb. 15 Nov. 15


Baskets, stave, 1 bu.
with cover, new
Feb. 15 Nov. 15


Marketing containers
Hampers, 1 bu.,
with cover, new
Feb. 15 Nov. 15


Bags, burlap,
100 pounds
Feb. 15 Nov. 15


Dollars per 80
rod spool

33.60 30.80

30.50 30.10

29.80 30.10

30.00 31.60

32.40 34.80

35.30


Dollars per
dozen


10.40

11.00

11.30

11.90

13.20

15.30


10.60

11.20

11.60

12.90

14.50


-----------Dollars per 100----------------

73.50 77.00 33.00 29.90

76.10 80.70 31.30 31.00

81.10 81.00 31.00 32.00

82.40 86.40 33.20 35.40

85.80 94.00 36.70 47.50

97.80 49.80


Source: Agricultural Prices,
Services, USDA, Washington, D.C.


Crop Reporting Board, Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives


1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980










Table 32 -Florida wage rates: Florida wage rates for hired labor and piece work, including
agricultural service firms, monthly, 1975-1980.



All hired labor Piece rate
Year Jan. April July Oct. Jan. April July Oct.


--------------------------- Dollars per hour---------------------------

1975 2.86 2.88 2.70 2.84 2.94 3.12 3.36 3.34

1976 3.20 3.09 3.00 3.02 3.51 3.70 3.54 3.66

1977 3.38 3.40 3.11 3.10 3.85 3.96 3.52 3.29

1978 3.65 3.42 3.53 3.56 3.99 3.84 3.99 3.71

1979 3.87 3.91 3.70 3.88 4.27 4.28 4.15 4.46

1980 4.34 4.39 4.03 4.75 5.15 4.90


a
In most cases, the wage survey covers the first full second week of the survey month.
Source: Florida Farm Labor, Quarterly Reports, Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting
Service, Orlando, Florida.


c-
00






S49


Table 33 -Florida real estate values: Average value per acre of land and
buildings and indexes of average value per acre, 1975 -- 1980.





Value per acre Indexes of value per acre
Year Feb. 1 Nov. 1 Feb. 1 Nov. 1

-------Dollars-------- ----(1967 = 100) -------

1975 685b 681 233b 251

1976 726 741 258 267

1977 777 805 275 282

1978 838 889 288 313

1979 930 965 328 351

1980 1,097 358


a
Values are based on an index estimated from the average of the
percentage change in Georgia and Alabama index values.

b
Value is for March 1.
Source: Farm Real Estate Market Developments, Economic Research
Service, USDA, Washington, D.C.






50


COMMODITY GROUPS


Field Crops


Discussed in the general grouping of field crops are corn, peanuts,

soybeans, wheat, oats and other small grains, tobacco, sugarcane, cotton

and all hays. Trends in the acreage, yield, production and value of

these crops are given for the 1975-79 period. These data were taken

from selected reports of the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service.

Data on cost of production are shown for most of these crops for the

1975-1979 period, based on crop budgets for selected crops prepared by

Extension economists.


Corn


Harvested corn acreage in Florida reached 480,000 acres in 1976.

This large acreage, along with a record yield of 60 bushels per acre,

produced a state crop of nearly 29 million bushels (Table 34). However,

widespread drought in 1977 reduced harvested acreage and yields sub-

stantially. Harvested acreage in 1978 and 1979 was about the same, as

were average yields. Total crop value more than tripled from the 1977

drought reduced crop to the 1979 value due to higher prices for a larger

crop (Table 34).

The estimated cost of producing an acre of non-irrigated corn in

North Florida increased from $153.33 in 1975 to $196.38 in 1979, an in-

crease of 28 percent. The estimated cost of producing an acre of irrigat-

ed corn in 1976 was $250.55. This cost increased 18 percent to $294.74





51


in 1979 (Table 35). Items showing the largest increase for both non-

irrigated and irrigated corn were agricultural chemicals (herbicides and

insecticides) and the cost of operating machinery and equipment. Cost

of agricultural chemicals increased 27 percent from 1976 to 1979.

Operating costs for equipment increased 43 percent from 1976 to 1979 for

non-irrigated corn and 56 percent for irrigated corn.


Peanuts


Because peanuts are an allotted crop, the Florida harvested acreage

remained stable at 55,000 acres from 1975 to 1979, except for 1978 when

only 54,000 acres were harvested (Table 36). Average yield varied from

3,000 pounds per acre in 1976 to 3,380 pounds in 1978. Price per pound

of peanuts ranged from 19.9 cents in 1975 to 21.3 cents in 1978. The

value of the peanut crop fluctuated from $33,660,000 in 1976 to $38,877,000

in 1978.

The estimated cost of producing an acre of peanuts increased 27

percent from $423.32 in 1976 to $539.44 in 1979 (Table 37). As was true

for corn, items showing the greatest percentage increase in cost were

agricultural chemicals and costs of operating equipment. The cost of

herbicides, insecticides and fungicides increased $14 per acre or 16

percent. Operati-ng costs for equipment increased 32 percent; fixed

costs of equipment increased 54 percent.


Soybeans


Acres of soybeans harvested increased 61 percent from 1975 to 1979.

Acres harvested were 281,000 in 1975 and 453,000 in 1979 (Table 38).

Average yield per acre was 24 bushels in 1975 and 29 bushels in 1979.





52


Price per bushel of soybeans varied from $4.40 in 1975 to $6.80 in 1978.

The value of the soybean crop was $86,704,000 in 1979.

The estimated cost of producing an acre of soybeans was $122.45 in

1975 (Table 39). The estimated cost per acre was $185.19 in 1979 if a

nematicide was not used and $197.89 if a nematicide was used. During

this period, the cost of herbicides and insecticides increased from

$13.63 to $28.88 per acre or 119 percent. Total cost of operating

equipment increased from $38.02 per acre in 1976 to $61.92 in 1979.

This was an increase of 63 percent.


Wheat, Oats, and Other Small Grains


Only about two-thirds of the wheat acreage planted is harvested for

grain (Table 40). Acres harvested normally varies from 12 to 14 thousand

acres. The yield per acre of wheat varied from 25 bushels per acre in

1975 to 36 bushels in 1978. Planted acres in oats is normally about

33,000 with only about 12,000 acres being harvested for grain. Statistics

on rye and other small grains are not available.

The estimated cost of producing an acre of wheat was $119.00 in

1976 and $134.27 in 1979, an increase of only $15.27 or 13 percent

(Table 41). Estimated costs for seed and fertilizer and lime showed a

decrease. Increase in machinery costs accounted for most of the in-

crease in costs. Operating costs for equipment increased $4.28 between

1976 and 1979. Fixed costs of equipment increased $12.03. Charge for

land rent increased $7.50 per acre or 33 percent.


Tobacco


The production of cigar-wrapper tobacco in Florida has been dis-

continued, and none is projected for the foreseeable future. Flue-cured





53


tobacco in Florida is produced under the allotment quota system. The

acreage changes from year to year in relation to the program. Acreage

harvested was up to 14,000 in 1976, then declined to 10,500 in both 1978

and 1979 (Table 42). Yields fluctuate very little from year to year

since most of the acreage is grown under irrigation. Price per pound

was 98 cents in 1975, rose to $1.44 in 1978 and to $1.35 in 1979. The

value of tobacco produced was $33,113,000 in 1976 but declined to $30,476,000

in 1979 due to the smaller acreage.

The estimated cost of producing an acre of tobacco in North Florida

was $1,304 in 1976 and $1,595 in 1979, an increase of $291 or 22 percent

(Table 43). The cost of a plant bed increased 14 percent, herbicides

and insecticides and sucker control 47 percent each and curing cost 46

percent.

Sugarcane


Sugarcane increased from 298,000 acres harvested in both 1975 and

1976 to 327,000 acres in 1979 (Table 44). Yield per acre over this

period varied from 29.9 tons in 1977 to 35.3 tons in 1975. The value of

sugarcane produced was $146,697,000 in 1976 and $208,276,000 in 1975.

The value of the 1979 crop has not been determined.

There are no comparable cost data showing trends in the cost of

producing sugarcane from 1975 to 1979. A survey of 19 South Florida

growers for the 1975-76 season by D. L. Brooke showed that the cost per

net acre harvested for growing cane was $420 (Table 45). An enterprise

budget for sugarcane production in South Florida for 1978-79 arrived at

a cost of production up to harvest of $378 per net acre harvested (Table

46). Although these two sets of data are not directly comparable, it




54


can be assumed that production costs increased between 1975 and 1979.

Based on data for other field crops, the largest increases were most

likely in pesticides and the costs of operating equipment.


Cotton


Cotton is grown in Florida mainly in Santa Rosa County, with small

amounts in adjoining counties. Acres harvested over the 1975-1979

period ranged from a high of 7,100 acres in 1976 to a low of 3,300 acres

in 1979 (Table 47). Yield per acre fluctuated from 346 pounds in 1975

to 514 pounds in 1976. The value of the cotton crop in both 1978 and

1979 was slightly over one million dollars. No data are available on

the cost of producing cotton in Florida.


Hay

Acres of hay harvested in Florida normally run slightly over

200,000 acres per year, with a yield of about two tons per acre (Table

48). Between 1975 and 1979 the price per ton of hay varied from $54 in

1975 to $60 in 1977. The value of hay produced was $21,816,000 in 1975

and $28,899,000 in 1979.

Vegetables


Vegetable crops discussed are snapbeans, cabbage, celery, cucumbers,

eggplants, escarole, lettuce, green peppers, potatoes, radishes, squash,

strawberries, sweet corn, tomatoes, and watermelons. Trends in acreage,

yield, production and value of these crops are given for the crop years

1975-76 through 1978-79. These data are from selected reports of the

Crop and Livestock Reporting Service.






55


Data are shown on the cost per acre of producing most of these

crops for the same crop years. These data are from reports showing

Annual Costs and Returns from Vegetable Crops in Florida by D. L.

Brooke. For each crop, items of costs are summarized for growing costs

and harvesting and marketing costs. In discussing trends in items of

costs, comparisons are limited to those under growing costs. These

items of costs are not greatly affected by variations in yield. Many of

the harvesting and marketing items of cost are on a per unit basis so

they tend to vary from year to year as yield per acre varies.

The same vegetable crop is often grown in more than one area of the

state. In such cases, costs and returns data may be summarized for more

than one area. In such cases, comparative cost data are presented only

for the most important area in the state.


Snapbeans


Snapbeans are grown in Florida for both the fresh market and for

processing. In the 1976-77 season, 29,500 acres were harvested for the

fresh market and 10,500 acres for processing (Table 49). In the 1978-79

season, 40,600 acres were harvested for the fresh market and 13,500 for

processing. Yield per acre for fresh market beans varied from 101

bushels in the 1977-78 season to 125 bushels in the 1976-77 season. The

price per bushel for fresh market beans was $5.74 in the 1975-76 season

and $8.06 in the 1977-78 season. In the 1978-79 season, the value of

beans for the fresh market was $31,386,000 and $4,875,000 for beans for

processing (Table 50).

The cost of growing an acre of bush snapbeans for the fresh market

was $322 in the 1974-75 season and $385 in the 1978-79 season, or an






56


increase in cost of 20 percent (Table 51). Items showing the largest

increase in cost were land rent, spray and dust materials and cultural

labor.

The cost of growing an acre of pole beans was $832 in the 1974-75

season and $1,201 in 1978-79, an increase of 44 percent (Table 52). The

cost of growing an acre of pole beans in the 1978-79 season was more

than three times the cost of growing an acre of bush snapbeans. Items

showing the largest increase in cost for pole beans were land rent,

spray and dust materials, cultural labor and repair and maintenance

costs.


Cabbage


Acres of cabbage harvested varied from 16,300 in the 1976-77 season

to 17,800 in the 1978-79 season (Table 53). Yield per acre was 395

crates in the 1977-78 season and 532 crates in the 1974-75 season. The

price growers received for cabbage varied widely from $2.32 per crate in

the 1975-76 season to $6.53 per crate in 1976-77. The value of the

cabbage crop was only slightly over $19 million in the 1975-76 season,

but was $52 million in the 1978-79 season.

The cost of growing an acre of cabbage was $539 in the 1974-75

season and $670 in the 1978-79 season, an increase of 24 percent (Table

54). Between the 1974-75 season and the 1978-79 season, the cost of

spray and dust materials increased 24 percent, cultural labor 36 per-

cent, repair and maintenance 78 percent and depreciation 44 percent. The

only major item of cost not showing an increase in cost was fertilizer.





57


Celery


Acres of celery harvested were 9,700 in the 1975-76 season and

11,700 in the 1978-79 season (Table 55). Crates of celery harvested per

acre varied from 578 in the 1976-77 season to 695 in the 1978-79 season.

In the 1974-75 season, the average price per crate of celery sold was

only $3.73. The price in the 1977-78 season was $7.36. The value of

the celery crop was $55,142,000 in the 1978-79 season.

The cost of growing an acre of celery varied from $1,238 in the

1974-75 season to $1,729 in the 1977-78 season. The cost of spray and

dust materials were significantly higher in both the 1976-77 and the

1977-78 seasons as compared to other years. This was also true for

cultural labor. Fertilizer was the only major item of cost that did not

show an increase (Table 56).


Cucumbers


Cucumbers are another vegetable crop that is grown both for the

fresh market and for processing. Acres of cucumbers for the fresh

market varied from 14,600 in 1974-75 to 15,800 in the 1977-78 season

(Table 57). In the 1978-79 season 6,300 acres of cucumbers were grown

for processing. The yield per acre for both the fresh market and for

processing did not fluctuate a great deal over the period studied.

Yield per-acre in the 1978-79 season was 307 bushels for the fresh

market and 187 bushels for processing. Price per bushel for cucumbers

for the fresh market varied from $3.64 in the 1975-76 season to $6.65 in

the 1978-79 season. In the 1978-79 season, price per bushel for cucumbers

for processing was $4.73. Values in the 1978-79 season were $32,050,000

for fresh market cucumbers and $5,585,000 for processing cucumbers (Table

58).





58


The cost per acre for cucumbers grown for the fresh market was $740

in the 1974-75 season and $884 in the 1978-79 season (Table 59). This

was an increase of 19 percent. Between these two seasons, land rent

increased 69 percent, cultural labor 38 percent and license and insurance

110 percent. The cost of fertilizer declined slightly and there was

only a small increase in the cost of spray and dust materials.


Eggplants

Acres of eggplants harvested did not vary a great deal from 1974-75

to the 1977-78 season, but did show a larger increase in the 1978-79

season. Yield per acre varied from 585 bushels in the 1978-79 season to

701 in the 1976-77 season (Table 60). Price per bushel was $3.06 in

1975-76 and $4.14 in 1978-79. The value of eggplants produced was

$6,784,000 in the 1978-79 season.

The cost of growing an acre of eggplants in the Palm Beach-Broward

area was $1,480 in the 1974-75 season and $1,868 in 1978-79, or an

increase of 26 percent (Table 61). The charge for land rent increased

$42 per acre, seed $49, spray and dust materi l $65, and cultural labor

$138. Miscellaneous expenses increased $158.per acre but cost of ferti-

lizer decreased $69.


Escarole and Lettuce


Both acres in escarole and yield per acre did not vary a great deal

between the 1974-75 and the 1978-79 season (Table 62). However, there

was a wide fluctuation in price. Price per crate of escarole was $2.61

in the 1974-75 season and $4.63 in the 1977-78 season. The value of the

escarole crop fluctuated between $8,688,000 in the 1974-75 season and

$15,124,000 in 1977-78, a difference of 74 percent.





59


Acres of lettuce harvested increased from 7,100 in the 1974-75

season to 12,900 in the 1978-79 season (Table 62). With the exception

of the 1976-77 season, yield per acre did not vary widely. The price

per cwt. received for lettuce more than doubled from 1974-75 to 1978-79

going from $8.95 to $18.75. The value of lettuce produced was $11,513,000

in 1974-75 and $48,032,000 in 1978-79.

Separate cost data are not available for escarole or lettuce. There

is a cost summary for leaf crops in the Everglades area. The cost of

growing an acre of leaf crops was $414 in the 1974-75 season and $704 in

1978-79, an increase of 70 percent (Table 63). Cost per acre for land

rent increased $30, fertilizer $56, spray and dust material $48 and

cultural labor $70. Leaf crops and radishes are the only vegetable

crops that showed a significant increase in fertilizer costs over the

1974-75 through 1978-79 period.


Green Peppers


Acres harvested in green peppers increased from 14,900 in the 1974-

75 season to 18,800 in 1977-78, then decreased to 18,100 in 1978-79

(Table 64). Yield per acre varied from 400 bushels in the 1976-77 season

to 510 bushels in 1974-75. Price per bushel was $4.96 in 1974-75 and

$6.13 in 1978-79. The value of the pepper crop was $37,695,000 in the

1974-75 season and $49,413,000 in the 1978-79 season.

The cost to grow an acre of peppers in the Palm Beach-Broward area

was $1,779 in the 1974-75 season and $2,346 in the 1977-78 season (Table

65). Costs of spray and dust materials per acre increased 63 percent,

cultural labor 28 percent, repairs and maintenance 29 percent and miscellaneous

expenses 42 percent. Cost of fertilizer decreased 21 percent.







60


Potatoes


Harvested potato acreage increased from 27,500 acres in the 1974-75

season to 32,300 in 1977-78 then dropped to 28,000 in 1978-79 (Table

66). Yield per acre was 175 cwt. in 1977-78 and 215 cwt. in 1978-79.

Price varied from $4.64 per cwt. in 1974-75 to $6.71 in the 1976-77

season. The value of the crop was $30,435,000 in the 1978-79 season.

The cost to grow an acre of potatoes in the Dade County area was

$698 in the 1974-75 season and $920 in the 1978-79 season (Table 67).

This was an increase of 32 percent. The per acre increase in land rent

was $17, seed $28, gas, oil and grease $14, depreciation $12, and licenses

and insurance $29.

The cost to grow an acre of potatoes in the Hastings area was $591

in 1974-75 and $667 in 1978-79, or an increase of only 13 percent (Table

68). Cost of land rent increased 16 percent, seed 21 percent, spray

and dust materials 4 percent, and cultural labor 12 percent.

In the 1978-79 season, the cost of growing an acre of potatoes in

the Dade County area was $253 more than in the Hastings area. Harvest-

ing and marketing costs were $106 per acre more. Total crop cost was

$359 per acre higher in the Dade County area.


Radishes


Acres of radishes harvested varied from 25,700 in the 1975-76

season to 29,600 in the 1978-79 season (Table 69). Yield per acre was

287 cartons in the 1977-78 season and 340 cartons in 1978-79. With the

exception of the 1977-78 season, price per carton showed very little

variation. The value of the radish crop was $21,895,000 in the 1978-79

season.






61


It cost less per acre to grow radishes than any other vegetable

crop in Florida. However, between 1974-75 and 1978-79, growing cost per

acre in the Everglades area more than doubled going from $97 to $209

(Table 70). During this period, the cost per acre of land rent increased

$17, seed $9, fertilizer $17, spray and dust material $9, cultural labor

$12, and repairs and maintenance expenses $17.


Squash


Acres of squash harvested varied from 11,200 in the 1974-75 season

to 13,350 in the 1978-79 season (Table 71). Yield per acre was 139

bushels in the 1978-79 season and 160 bushels in 1974-75. Price per

bushel was $4.28 in 1977-78 and $7.51 in 1978-79. The value of squash

in the 1978-79 season was $13,971,000.

The cost to grow an acre of squash was $470 in the 1974-75 season

and $647 in the 1978-79 season (Table 72). This was an increase of $177

or 38 percent. The per acre increase in the cost of land rent was $35,

seed $72, repairs and maintenance $21 and miscellaneous expenses $9.


Strawberries


Harvested acres of strawberries doubled between the 1974-75 season

and the 1978-79 season going from 1,200 to 2,400 (Table 73). The yield

per acre was 1,415 flats in the 1977-78 season and 1,610 flats in the

1974-75 season. The price per flat was $4.33 in both the 1974-75 and

1975-76 seasons and $5.92 in the 1978-79 season. The value of strawberries

produced more than doubled between the 1974-75 season and the 1978-79

season going from $8,375,000 to $22,157,000. There are no cost data

available for strawberries that allow comparisons over the 1975-1979 period.





62


Sweet Corn


Acres of sweet corn harvested varied from 50,300 in the 1976-77

season to 57,400 in the 1975-76 season (Table 74). Yield per acre was

222 crates in 1978-79 and 238 crates in 1976-77. Price per crate varied

from $3.64 in the 1975-76 season to $4.25 in the 1978-79 season. The

value of the sweet corn crop was $51,423,000 in the 1978-79 season.

The cost per acre to grow sweet corn in the Everglades area in-

creased from $310 in the 1974-75 season to $450 in the 1978-79 season

(Table 75). This was an increase of $140 per acre or 45 percent. The

cost of land rent increased $27 per acre, fertilizer $14, spray and dust

materials $9, cultural labor $16, repairs and maintenance $12 and licenses

and insurance $18.


Tomatoes


There were 31,500 acres of tomatoes harvested in the 1974-75 season

and 41,500 acres in the 1977-78 season (Table 76). Yield per acre of

tomatoes packed fresh varied from 688 cartons in the 1977-78 season to

855 cartons in the 1974-75 season. Price received per carton was $5.48

in 1974-75 and $6.57 in 1978-79. The total value of the tomato crop

varied from $148,709,000 in the 1974-75 season to $220,216,000 in the

1978-79 season (Table 77). There are some tomatoes processed each year

but these are tomatoes picked from fields after they have been abandoned

for picking for the fresh market.

Both staked and ground tomatoes are grown in Florida. The cost to

grow an acre of ground tomatoes in Dade County was $1,320 in the 1974-75

season and $1,909 in the 1978-79 season, or an increase in cosi of 45

percent (Table 78). The largest increase in cost per acre was the cost






63


of cultural labor which more than doubled going from $202 to $454.

Other items showing sizeable increases were land rent $42, spray and

dust materials $63, gas, oil and grease $27, and repairs and maintenance

$60.

The cost of growing an acre of staked tomatoes in the Immokalee

area was $2,280 in the 1974-75 season and $2,6; in the 1978-79 season

(Table 79). This was an increase in cost of $285 or only 12 percent.

Increase in land rent was $39 per acre, seed $33, spray and dust materials

$67, cultural labor $84, repairs and maintenance $60, depreciation $44,

and licenses and insurance $37.


Watermelons


Acres of watermelons harvested varied widely, from a high of 55,000

acres harvested in the 1975-76 season to a low of 43,000 acres in the 1978-79

season (Table 80). Yield per acre was 185 cwt. in the 1974-75 season and

150 cwt. in the 1978-79 season. The price farmers received for water-

melons varied from $2.61 per cwt. in 1975-76 to $5.00 in 1978-79. The

value of the watermelon crop was $32,250,000 in the 1978-79 season.

Comparative data on the cost of growing watermelons are available

for the Immokalee-Lee area for five years and for North Florida for

three years. The data for the two sections of the state are not compar-

able in that the North Florida costs includes harvesting and marketing

expenses.

The cost of growing an acre of watermelons in the Immokalee-Lee

area was $624 in the 1974-75 season and $896 in the 1978-79 season,

an increase in cost of 44 percent (Table 81). Land rent increased $32

per acre, spray and dust materials $25, gas, oil and grease $16, repairs

and maintenance $29 and licenses and insurance $30.





64


The cost to grow and harvest an acre of watermelons in North

Florida was estimated to be $274 in 1976 and $308 in 1979 (Table 82).

Between 1976 and 1979, the per acre cost of seed increased $4, fungicide

and insecticide $7, operating cost of equipment $3, fixed cost of equip-

ment $7 and man labor $22.

Fruit Crops


Florida fruit crop industries are an important part of the state's

economy. The citrus groves of central and southern Florida produce

three-fourths of the nation's oranges and grapefruits. In this dis-

cussion trends are given for all round oranges, grapefruit, temples and

tangelos, tangerines and honey tangerines, lemons, limes, avocados, and

mangos.


Citrus


All round oranges


The bearing acreage of all round oranges decreased from 610,400 in

the 1974-75 season to 571,500 in the 1978-79 season (Table 83). This

was a decrease of 38,900 acres or 6 percent. Yield varied from 284 boxes

of fruit per acre in the 1974-75 season to 314 in 1976-77. Only about 8

percent of the oranges produced are sold on the fresh market. There was

a wide variation in the on-tree price per box, from $1.62 in 1974-75 to

$5.00 in the 1978-79 season The on-tree value of all round oranges was

$280,350,000 in the 1974-75 season and $820,545,000 in the 1978-79

season (Table 83).

In the 1978-79 season, 52 percent of the bearing acres of round

oranges were early and mid-season oranges and 48 percent were in late





65


oranges (Valencia) (Table 83). The yield per acre of early and mid-

season oranges runs higher than late oranges but the price per box is

higher for the late oranges. In the 1978-79 season, early and mid-

season oranges accounted for 53 percent of the value of all round

oranges and late oranges accounted for 47 percent.


Grapefruit


The bearing acreage of all grapefruit increased from 115,400 in the

1974-75 season to 124,600 acres in the 1978-79 season, an increase of 7

percent (Table 84). Yield per acre varied from 389 boxes in the 1974-75

season to 432 in the 1978-79 season. About two-fifths of the grapefruit

produced is sold on the fresh market and three-fifths are processed. The

on-tree price per box of grapefruit was $1.47 in 1975-76 and $2.19 in

1978-79. The on-tree value of grapefruit was $109,651,000 in the 1978-79

season.

There are three types of grapefruit grown, white seedy, white

seedless and pink seedless. In the 1978-79 season, white seedy made up

17 percent of the bearing acreage, white seedless 53 percent and pink

seedless 30 percent (Table 84). Yield per acre is usually highest for

the white seedless grapefruit. Practically all of the seedy grapefruit

is processed. Roughly two-thirds of the white seedless grapefruit is

processed but only one-third of the pink seedless is processed. The on-

tree price per box of seedy grapefruit in the 1978-79 season was $1.50,

white seedless $1.97 and pink seedless $3.07.


Temples and tangelos


The 1978-79 bearing acres of temple oranges was 18,300 and tangelos

17,100 (Table 85). The yield per acre for the two fruits was 257 and





66


246 boxes, respectively. In the 1978-79 season, 55 percent of the

temple oranges and 59 percent of the tangelos were processed. The on-

tree price per box was $4.95 for temple oranges and $3.75 for tangelos.

The total value of temple oranges was $23,284,000 and $15,746,000 for

the tangelos.


Tangerines and honey tangerines


The bearing acres of tangerines was 15,900 in the 1978-79 crop year

and 8,000 for honey tangerines (Table 86). The yield per acre is usually

higher for honey tangerines than for tangerines although this was not

the case in the 1976-77 season. In the 1978-79 season, 46 percent of

the tangerines and 43 percent of the honey tangerines were processed.

The on-tree price per box was $4.42 for tangerines and $6.83 for honey

tangerines. The value of the tangerine crop was $15,457,000 and honey

tangerines $12,083,000.


Cost of producing citrus


Cost data are not available for the different kinds of citrus

produced. Costs are available for oranges with a mixture of about 10

percent grapefruit. It cost $396 an acre to produce this combination of

fruit in the 1974-75 season and $463 in the 1978-79 season (Table 87). This

was an increase of $66, or 17 percent. The per acre increase for labor,

power, and equipment was $26, fertilizer materials and spray and dust

materials $13 each and interest on grove valuation was $17.





67


Tropical Fruit Crops


Lemons


Total acres of bearing lemons was 6,900 in 1975 and 5,200 in 1979.

Production of lemons varied from a high of 1,370,000 boxes in 1976 to a

low of 390,000 in 1977 (Table 88). Price per box was $3.45 in 1976 and

$8.30 in 1979. The value of the lemon crop was $10,375,000 in 1979.


Limes


Acres of non-bearing limes were 300 in both the 1975-76 and 1976-77

seasons and 1,000 acres in the 1979-80 season. Acres of bearing limes

were 4,400 in the 1975-76 season and 4,600 in the 1979-80 season (Table

89). Total production of limes varied from 736,000 bushels in the 1977-

78 season to 1,760,000 bushels in the 1979-80 season. In the 1979-80

season, 43 percent of limes produced were processed. Price per bushel was

$5.79 in 1975-76 and $7.84 in 1979-80. The total value of the lime crop

was $13,796,000 in the 1979-80 season.


Avocados


Bearing acres of avocados increased from 6,400 in the 1975-76

season to 8,000 acres in 1979-80 (Table 90). Production during the

five year period was lowest in the 1977-78 season at 480,000 bushels

due to the 1977 freeze. Highest production was 1,160,000 bushels in

the 1975-76 season. Price per bushel was $10 in both the 1975-76 and

1978-79 seasons and $17.25 in the 1977-78 season. The value of the

avocado crop was $16,016,000 in the 1979-80 season.







68


Mangos


Bearing acreage in mangos varied little from 1975 to 1979, but

production ranged from 400,000 bushels in 1976 to 175,000 in 1977

(Table 91). Price of mangos varied between the $7.50 per bushel in

1976 and the $13.75 in 1977. The value of the mango crop was $2,938,000

in 1979. There are no production cost data available for tropical fruit

crops.


Animal Industries


The animal industries are a major contributor to Florida's economy.

Included in the discussion as major classes of livestock are beef cattle,

dairy, poultry, swine, and bees and their products. Total cash receipts

from all livestock and products normally make up slightly more than one-

fourth of the total cash farm receipts of the state (Table 92). In

1975, total cash receipts from all livestock and products were $623,250,000.

This figure increased to $1,013,454,000 in 1979 or 63 percent. In 1979,

cash receipts from cattle and calves made up 42 percent of the total

cash receipts from all livestock and livestock products, hogs 5 percent,

milk 28 percent, poultry and eggs 20 percent and other livestock and

products 4 percent.


Beef Cattle


The number of all classes of beef cattle and calves declined from

1975 to 1979 (Table 93). Beef cows on farms January 1 decreased from

1,468,000 in 1975 to 1,149,000 in 1979. Replacement heifers decreased

from 265,000 to 146,000 and calves 500 pounds and under from 640,000 to

441,000.






69


Liveweight of cattle marketed was 754,130,000 pounds in 1975 but

only 534,460,000 pounds in 1979 (Table 94). Cash receipts increased

substantially, however, due to higher prices for both cattle and calves.

Average price for cattle was $25.10 per cwt. in 1975 and $65.50 in 1979.

Calves were $23.30 in 1975 and $95.30 per cwt. in 1979. Total cash

receipts from marketing increased from $185,640,000 in 1975 to $422,199,000

in 1979.

Costs are available for 1976, 1977 and 1979, for a 100 cow herd on

200 acres of permanent pasture on flatwoods soils in South Florida

(Table 95). These data show a decrease in costs between 1976 and 1979,

due in part to less fertilizer and lower prices for fertilizer. Less

supplemental feeding in 1977 and 1979 as compared to 1976, and lower costs

for supplemental feed contributed to lower production costs.


Dairy


The number of dairy cows in Florida on January 1 declined from

202,000 in 1975 to 189,000 in 1979 (Table 96). Value per head increased

from $375 in 1975 to $530 in 1978. Value per head was not estimated for

1979.

Milk production per cow increased from 9,929 pounds in 1975 to

10,457 pounds in 1979 (Table 97). Increase in production per cow was

enough to offset the decrease in number of cows. Total milk production

was 1,956 million pounds in 1975 and 1,966 million pounds in 1979.

Average price increased from $11.30 per cwt. in 1975 to $14.50 in 1979.

Cash receipts from milk marketing was $282,081,000 in 1979, an increase

of 33 percent over the value of milk sold in 1975.






70


Poultry


The average number of layers during the year on poultry farms in

Florida increased from 11,799,000 for 1975 to 13,049,000 for 1979, an increase

of 11 percent (Table 98). Eggs produced per layer increased from 236 to

244 from 1975 to 1979. Total number of eggs produced increased 15

percent for the period. Price per dozen of eggs fluctuated between the low

of 42.7 cents in 1978 and the high of 50.7 cents in 1976. Cash receipts

from eggs marketed were $130,054,000 in 1979.

The number of broilers produced increased from 64,347,000 in 1975

to 78,683,000 in 1979, or 22 percent (Table 99). The average weight per

bird was 3.8 pounds in 1975 and 4.0 in 1979. Total pounds of broilers

produced increased 29 percent between 1975 and 1979. The value of

broilers produced was $78,683,000 in 1979.

Total poultry and eggs receipts increased form $166,569,000 in 1975

to $213,340,000 in 1979, an increase of 28 percent (Table 100).


Swine


The number of hogs and pigs on hand December 1, 1974 was 292,000

(Table 101). This figure increased by 133,000 to 425,000 December 1,

1978. Sows farrowed in both spring and fall more than doubled between

1975 and 1979, and the combined pig crop was 291,000 in 1975 and 699,00-u

in 1979.

Liveweight of hogs marketed was 60,057,000 pounds in 1975 and

127,280,000 pounds in 1979. Hog prices averaged $44.70 per cwt. in

1975 and $40.60 in 1979. The total cash receipts from hogs marketed were

$51,676,000 in 1979 (Table 102).






71
Bees


With the exception of 1978, the number of bee colonies was constant at

360,000 from 1975 Lu 1979 (Table 103). The amount of honey produced per

colony varied from 40 pounds in 1977 to 78 pounds in 1979. The price of

honey was 42.4 cents per pound in 1976 and 52.8 cents in 1979. Total

value of the honey crop varied from $6,356,000 in 1977 to $14,826,000 in

1979.

The amount of beeswax produced was 216,000 in 1977 and 465,000 in

1976. The price of beeswax was only 95 cents per pound in 1974. The

price in 1979 was $1.70 per pound. The value of beeswax was $573,000 in

1979.

Ornamentals


Production area in four categories of ornamental crops decreased

considerably from 1976 to 1979. Total acreage in cut flowers, flowering

pot plants, foliage plants and bedding plants dropped from 8,400 acres

in 1976 to less than 6,300 acres by 1979 (Table 104). The major share

of this decrease was in cut flowers.

Sales values at wholesale for these products increased from $146

million in 1976 to $160 million in 1979, however (Table 105). Large

increases in foliage sales more than offset declines in cut flowers and

flowering pot plants.

Other major items, for which no quantity or sales data are reported

are ferns and hardy greens, turfgrass and woody ornamentals. Estimates

by knowledgeable observers of these industries place current sales

values of ferns at $30 million annually and $27 million for turfgrass.

Sales-of woody ornamentals and landscape plants are also large, but no






72


reliable data exist. In addition, there are many other floral and

ornamental crops produced in the state for which no data are available.

Business analysis studies are available on selected foliage nurseries

in Florida. Comparing annual summary data from these studies shows

changes in cost items for nurseries. Data for 1975 and 1979 show that

wages and salaries other than operator's salary increased $37,892, or 23

percent between the two years (Table 106). The cost of fuel oil for

production heat increased 77 percent, electricity 33 percent and equipment

operating cost 21 percent.


Forestry


The income from forest products was $57,048,000 in 1975 and $106,835,000

in 1978, an increase of 87 percent (Table 107). These figures do not

include sales from farms which were $9,110,000 in 1975 and $13,165,000

in 1978 (Table 3).

The Marine Industry


Florida's commercial fishing industry is a basic segment of the

state's economy. Normally about two-thirds of annual landings are on

the west coast. About 60 percent of total landings are fish while more

valuable shellfish account for 68 percent of the total value of the

landings. About 75 different species are important commercially with 16

species worth over one million dollars each at dockside.

Total pounds of fish landed did not fluctuate a great deal between

1975 and 1979. Landings were 163 million pounds in both 1975 and 1979

and 171 million pounds in both 1976 and 1978 (Table 108). Average

dockside price per pound increased from 45.4 cents "in 1975 and 76.1





73

cents in 1979. Total value of all fish landed was $74 million in 1975

and $124 million in 1979, or an increase in value of 68 percent.

Data are available on the estimated annual cost per boat in catch-

ing Atlantic king mackerel and Spanish mackerel for 1976 and 1979. The

average cost per boat for hook and line boats catching Atlantic ki-ng

mackerel was $9,647 in 1976 and $13,049 in 1979 (Table 109). This was

an increase in costs of $3,402 or 35 percent. Total variable costs in-

creased 34 percent and total fixed costs 37 percent. Items showing the

largest percentage increase in cost were fuel and engine repair which

increased 50 percent each, overhead 46 percent and hull repair 33 percent.

The average cost per boat for large boats catching Spanish mackerel

was $74,536 in 1976 and $100,759 in 1979, or an increase of 35 percent

(Table 110). Engine repair cost increased 89 percent, fuel costs 78

percent and crew share (wages) 37 percent.





74


Table 34--*Acreage yield, production and value of corn in Florida,
1975-79.



Season
Harvested Yield per average Value of
Year acres acre Production price production


1,000 Bushels 1,000 bu. Dollars 1,000 dollars



1975 375 45 16,875 2.70 45,563

1976 480 60 28,800 2.60 74,880

1977 299 35 10,465 1.60 16,744

1978 370 52 19,240 2.10 40,404

1979 360 53 19,080 2.85 54,372


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crops Summary 1979.
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





75


Table 35--Estimated cost
1975-1979.


of producing one acre of corn, North Florida,


Item 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

---------------- Dollars ------------


Non-irrigated corn


Seed
Fertilizer and lime
Herbicides and
insecticides
Equipment costs:
Operating costs
Fixed costs
Custom combine and haul
Man labor
Land rent
Interest on variable costs
Total cost


8.40
67.82


68.4U
63.77


8.40
64.43


8.40 9.24
63.33 56.41


16.61 17.81 19.17 21.11 22.66


7.11
7.18
15.00
6.17
20.00
5.04
153.33


Irrigated corn


Seed
Fertilizer and lime
Herbicides and
insecticides
Equipment costs
Operating costs
Fixed costs
Irrigation costs:
Operating costs
Fixed costs
Man labor
Land rent
Interest on variable costs
Total costs


15.36
22.66

7.50
22.50
6.77
164.77


17.50
26.73

7.50
25.00
7.10
175.83


18.70
29.12

7.95
25.00
7.22
180.83


21.93
39.99

8.70
30.00
7.45
196.38


10.50 10.50 10.50 13.86
83.02 83.68 82.08 73.28

17.81 19.17 21.11 22.66

15.36 17.50 20.56 23.98
22.66 26.73 33.88 46.45


12.30
51.07
7.50
22.50
7.83
250.55


12.30
51.07
7.50
25.00
8.78
262.23


13.34
51.07
7.95
25.00
9.03
274.52


17.22
49.10
8.70
30.00
9.49
294.74


Source: Based on crop budgets prepared by Extension economists,
Department of Food and Resource Economics, Gainesville,
Florida.





76


Table 36--Acreage, yield, production and value of peanuts in Florida,
1975-1979.



Season
Harvested Yield per average Value of
Year acres acre Production price production


1,000 Pounds 1,000 Ibs. Dollars 1,000 dollars



1975 55 3,230 177,650 .199 35,352

1976 55 3,000 165,000 .204 33,660

1977 55 3,100 170,500 .207 35,294

1978 54 3,380 182,520 .213 38,877

1979 55 3,270 179,850 .210 37,769


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crops Summary 1979.
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





77


Table 37--Estimated cost of producing one acre of peanuts, North Florida,
1976-1979.



Item 1976 1977 1978 1979

---------------- Dollars ------------------

Seed 39.60 39.60 44.00 46.00
Fertilizer and lime 40.50 42.50 41.50 39.75
Land plaster 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
Herbicide, insecticides
and fungicides 74.14 76.91 79.58 86.04
Custom spraying 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.50
Equipment costs:
Operating costs 27.74 30.88 33.23 36.75
Fixed costs 55.68 63.93 69.65 85.91
Hauling 6.74 6.74 7.31 8.04
Drying and cleaning 28.69 28.69 28.69 31.50
Peanut commission 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
Man labor 17.98 17.98 19.05 20.85
Land rent 22.50 25.00 25.00 30.00
Charge for allotment 80.00 90.00 100.00 120.00
Interest on variable costs 17.50 18.54 19.54 21.60

Total costs 423.32 453.27 480.05 539.44


Source: Based on crop budgets prepared by Extension economists,
Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida.





78


Table 38--Acreage yield, production and value of soybeans in Florida,
1975-1979.



Acreage Yield Production Season Value
Planted Harvested per average of
Year acre price production


--- 1,000 acres --- Bushels 1,000 bu. Dollars 1,000 dollars

1975 291 281 24 6,744 4.40 29,674

1976 259 253 26 6,578 7.00 46,046

1977 334 327 25 8,175 6.00 49,050

1978 420 410 25 10,250 6.80 69,700

1979 460 453 29 13,137 6.60 86,704


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crop Summary 1979.
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando,
Florida.





79


Table 39--Estimated cost of producing one acre of soybeans, North Florida,
1975-1979.



Item 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

-------------------- Dollars---- ---------

Seed innoculant 12 0q 12.90 12.90 12.90 12.25
Fertilizer and lime 40.77 31.12 31.78 20.78 29.03
Herbicides and
insecticides 13,63 14.88 17.43 26.99 28.88
Custom spraying 3.75 5.00 5.00 6.00 7.50
Equipment charge:
Operating cost 7.11 15.36 17.54 18.70 21.93
Fixed cost 7.18 22.66 26.73 29.12 39.99
Custom combine and
haul 6.25 --
Man labor 6.17 7.50 7.50 7.95 8.70
Land rent 20.00 22.50 25.00 25.00 30.00
Interest on variable
costs 4.69 5.46 5.86 6.42 6.91

Total costs 122.45 137.38 149.74 163.86 185.19


a rany North Florida growers use a nematicide
nematicide is used, add $12.70 to total expenses.


treatment.


Source: Based on crop budgets prepared by Extension economists,
Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida.


If a





80


Table 40--Acreage, yield, production and value of wheat and oats in
Florida, 1975-19.79.



Crop Acreage Yield Production Season Value
and Planted Harvested per average of
year acre price production


-- 1,000 acres -- Bushels 1,000 bu. Dollars 1,000 dollars

Wheat

1975 26 13 25 325 3.10 1,008

1976 19 14 30 420 3.00 1,260

1977 19 13 29 377 2.20 829

1978 17 12 36 432 3.00 1,296
a
1979 -- --

Oats

1975 31 12 41 492 1.40 689

1976 33 12 50 600 1.40 840

1977 33 12 45 540 1.25 675

1978a
a
1979 --- ---


Estimate discontinued.


Source; Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crop Summary 1979.
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





81


*Table41 --Estimated cost of producing one acre of wheat, North Florida,
1976-1979.



Item 1976 1977 1978 1979

-------------- Dollars ----------------

Seed 11.25 11.25 6.75 6.00

Fertilizer and lime 48.92 49.58 47.88 43.78

Equipment costs:

Operating costs 10.75 12.42 13.18 15.03

Fixed costs 17.03 20.21 21.94 29.06

Man labor 4.65 4.65 4.93 5.39

Land rent 22.50 25.00 25.00 30.00

Interest on variable costs 3.90 5.14 4.89 5.01

Total costs 119.00 128.25 124.57 134.27


Source: Based on crop budgets prepared by Extension economists, Department
of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida.





82


Table 42--Acres, yield, production and value of tobacco in Florida,
1975-1979.


Crop Acres Yield Production Season Value
and per average of
year acre price production


1,000 Pounds 1,000 Ibs Dollars 1,000 dollars

Tobacco-Shade

1975 .99 1,530 1,515 4.000 6,060

1976 .35 1,680 588 3.950 2,323

1977 .14 1,630 228 4.000 912

1978 a

1979 a


Tobacco-Flue cured

1975 13.50 2,080 28,080 0.975 27,641

1976 14.00 2,160 30,240 1.095 33,113

1977 b 11.80 2,094 24,798 1.226 30,396

1978 10.50 2,100 22,050 1.440 31,752

1979 10.50 2,150 22,575 1.350 30,476

Plantings discontinued after 1977.

Includes a small amount of shade tobacco.

Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics Field Crop Summary 1979.
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida,






83


Table 43--Estimated cost of producing one acre of tobacco, North Florida,
1976, 1977 and 1979.a



Item 1976 1977 1979


------- Dollars -------------


Plant bed costs
Field operations costs
(pre-harvest)


Nematicide
Fertilizer and lime
Herbicides and insecticides
Sucker control
Man labor
Insurance
Equipment costs:
Operating costs
Fixed costs
Irrigation costs:
Operating costs
Fixed costs
Interest on variable costs

Total cost field operation

Harvesting, curing and marketing
costs (mechanical harvesting)


Curing:
Fuel
Electricity
Sheets b
Marketing charge
Other costs

Total harvesting, curing and
marketing costs

Total crop costs


36.15


5.90
125.40
74.06
39.38
78.30
60.00

46.84
89.85

25.35
60.00
32.22

673.45


127.50
20.00
7.80
69.30
406.21


630.81

1,304.26


37.50


31.80
126.20
85.77
53.38
78.30
60.00

58.51
101.33

33.15
66.00
35.54

729.98


142.50
40.00
7.80
72.45
423.86


686.61

1,454.09


48.93


42.50
123.50
89.07
57.92
70.76
75.00

27.87
52.35

34.79
72.60
16.53

662.89


165.00
50.00
8.29
85.05
574.81


883.15

1,594.97


aNo charge included for (1) land, allotment and supervision;
(2) Stalk destruction etc. and cover crop cost omitted.

bMarketing cost was determined for 2,100 pounds per acre sold
at a price of $1.10 per pound in 1976, $1.15 in 1977, and $1.35 in 1979.

Source: Based on budgets prepared by Extension economists.






84


Table 44--Acreage, yield production and value of sugarcane for sugar
and seed in Florida, 1975-1979.


Harvested
acres


Yield
per
acre


Production


Season
average
price


Value
of
production


Tons

35.3

32.6

29.9

30.7

33.9


1,000 tons

10,519

9,715T

8,970

9,701

11 ,075


Dollars 1 ,0O'J doll


19.80

15.10

19 60

20.50


208,276

146,697

175,812

198,871


aNot available.

Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crop Summary 1979. Fl
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


Year


1,000


1975

1976

1977

1978

1979


298

298

300

316

327


- ------------ 5


--


n


ars















lorida


-






85
Table 45--Cost of producing sugarcane per net acre harvested, 19 South
Florida growers, 1975-76 season.


Cost per net
Item acre harvested

--- Dollars
Cash operating expenses

Labor:

Wages 64.82
Benefits 24.55

Supplies and materials:

Fertilizer 31.43
All other chemicals 31.23
Seed cane purchased 1.98
Other supplies and materials 6.60

Power and equipment:

Fuel and other petroleum products 10.36
Water and electricity .51
Repairs and maintenance 33.28
Machine hire 9.09

Interest on operating capital 16.04

Total cost operating expenses 229.89

Ownership and overhead costs

Depreciation 21.51
Taxes (real estate and personal property) 25.46
Insurance (other than payroll) 5.74
Interest on investment capital 7.89

Administration expenses:

Labor 14.53
Non labor 10.47
Land charge 104,71
Total 190,31

Total growing cost 420.20


Source: Cost of Producing Suaarcane and Processing Raw Sugar
in South Florida, 1975-76. D,L. Brooke, Economics Report 84, Department
of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, March 1977.






86


Table 46--Estimated cost of producing sugarcane, per net acre harvested
South Florida, .1978-79a


Cost per net
Item acre harvested

-Dollars---

Variable costs:

Labor:
Wages 17.91
Benefits 2.68

Supplies and materials:
Fertilizer 25.72
Insecticides and herbicides 10.35
Rodent control material 2.57
Seed costs 27.43

Cost of operating equipment 19.21
Custom work 47.22
Miscellaneous 13.46
Interest on variable costs 16.64

Total 183.19

Fixed costs:

Machinery and equipment 32.55
Land charge 137.14
Taxes: Land and drainage 25.52

Total 195.21

Total costs 378.40


a
Based on a 640 acre operation with 420 acres of cane harvested.
Does not include the cost of harvesting the sugarcane.

Adapted from Enterprise Budget for Sugarcane Production in South
Florida 1978-79, Rigoberto A. Lopez, Jose Alvarez and. Gerald Kidder.
Economic Information Report 119, Food and Resource Economics Department,
University of Florida, September 1979.





87


Table 47 --Acreage, yield, production and value of cotton in Florida,
1975-1979.



Yield Season Value
Harvested per average of
Year acres acre Production price production

Pounds Bales Dollars 1,000 dollars

1975 3,700 346 2,700 .55 713

1976 7,100 514 7,600 .73 2,659

1977 6,100 425 5,400 .48 1,244

1978 3,600 506 3,800 .60 1,094

1979 3,300 509 3,500 .65 1,092


a
Price per pound of lint.

Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crop Summary 1979,
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





88


Table 48--Acreage, yield,
1975-1979.


production and value of all hay in Florida,


Harvested Yield Production Season Value
acres per average of
Year acre price production


1,000 Tons 1,000 tons Dollars 1,000 dollars



1975 207 1.95 404 54.00 21',816

1976 219 1.95 427 57.00 24,339

1977 226 2.00 452 60.00 27,120

1978 235 2.00 470 58.00 27,260

1979 235 2.10 494 58.50 28,899


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Field Crops Summary 1979,
Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.





89


Table 49--Snapbeans: Acreage and yield of snapbeans in Florida,
crop years 1974-75 through 1978-79.


Harvested acreage
Fresh Processing Total


---------- Acres ----------



35,300

37,500

29,500 10,500 40,000

39,000 12,000 51,000

40,600 13,500 54,100


Yield per acre
Fresh Processing Fresh and
processing


---------- Bushels



120

119


125

101

102


133

133

163


127

109

117


aData before crop years 1976-77 for the processing segment are not
published separately in order to avoid disclosing individual operation
but are included in "other" vegetables.

Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics, Vegetable Summary 1979,
Florida Crop and Li.vestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida.


Crop
year


1974-75a

1975-76a

1976-77

1977-78

1978-79


I-