![]() ![]() |
![]() |
|
UFDC Home |
myUFDC Home | Help | ![]() |
Front Cover | |
Abstract | |
Table of Contents | |
List of Tables | |
Main | |
Reference |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Citation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table of Contents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Front Cover
Front Cover Abstract Page i Table of Contents Page ii List of Tables Page iii Page iv Main Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Reference Page 16 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
'' R. Clegg Hooks Economic Information Report 216 Estimated Costs of Processing Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1982-83 Season I -I Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 December 1985 ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1982-83 season are estimated to have decreased from 1981-82 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate 420 brix decreased to $4.77--a 3.0 percent decrease from 1981-82 levels while the costs of producing single strength range juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $5.07--a 3,9 percent increase from 1981-82 levels. Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling bulk grapefruit concentrate 38,40 brix is $1,21 per gallon a 1.7 percent decrease from 1981-82 season levels. Single strength grapefruit juice 12 46-ounce cans per case is estimated to be $4,93 an increase of 1.0 percent above 1981-82 season levels, Citrus feed cost per ton increased from $75,04 in 1981-82 to $76.37 in 1982-83 an increase of 1,8 percent, Key words; citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, processing costs, citrus, TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................... ............................. ....... TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................ii LIST OF TABLES ............................... .... .................. iii INTRODUCTION.................................................. ....... 1 FROZEN CONCENTRATE ........................... ....... ................... 3 SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES..............................................8 CITRUS FEED ....... ......................... ............. .......... 8 COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS ......................... ... ...... ...........8 REFERENCE*............... .. ......... ..... ................. ........... 16 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1982-83 season ............................................ ....2 2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels......................................... .. **..4 3 Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix 24 12-ounce cans in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.......... ...................... ..... ......... 5 4 Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate, 42 brix, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.......6 5 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrate, 38.40 brix, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.......7 6 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels ................ ................ ............. .9 7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida grapefruit juice in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels................................... .........10 8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1982-83 season with comparison to 1981-82 season levels......... ............... 11 iii 9 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selitng Florida frozen, 42 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 season ....................... ................ 12 10 The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 seasons.. ... ... ... ........... .................*..........13 11 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1982-83 seasons.........14 ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCKSSIN-',, WARKHOUlSING AND SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1982-83 SEASON R. Clegg Hooks* INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to 'evel.op estimates of processing, warehousing and selting for Florida citriis products for the 1982-83 season. Citrus processing cost data wer, obtained from 8 firms. The total volume for each type of ;rodu't and the percentage of total Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table 1. The chilled juices again were not reported because of lack of participation by enough firms producing chilled juice. Most firms provided average total costs per case or per gallon from their audited financial statements. The following tables present esti- mates of the average costs for plant operation, warehousing and selling the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The cost are weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each product by each firm during the 1982-83 production year. The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to firms entering and leaving the sample and the distrihation of the total volume of each product among sample firms. *R. Clegg Hooks is an Assistant in Agricultural Economics. Table 1. Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1982-83 season. Percentage Total Total of total Product produced produced Florida by sample in production firms Floridaa sample firms - Units -- Percent Orange concentrate 44,179,224 169,576,694 26 (gallons 420 brix) Grapefruit concentrate 2,166,859 14,483,363 15 (gallons 38.40 brix) Canned single strength 3,303,977 9,802,043 34 orange juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) Canned single strength 3,341,542 11,650,773 29 grapefruit juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1]. Firms reported their costs in varying degrees of detail. Costs are aggregated and/or reorganized for each product and can size, in order to develop cost categories consistent with those used in this report. Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales depart- ment expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omit- ted. FROZEN CONCENTRATE The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange and grapefruit frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are shown in Tables 2,3,4, and 5. Estimated average costs for packing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item com- parisons to 1981-82 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $4.77 per case -- a 3.0 percent decrease from 1981-82 estimates. The items with the largest decrease were: other processing expense and other expense. Table 3,4, and 5 show costs of processing other retail as well as bulk concentrate products. The total estimated costs for 24 12-ounce cans in cases of 420 brix frozen orange concentrate decreased 3.7 percent from 1981-82 season levels. Bulk 420 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 4 were down 8.2 percent from 1981-82 estimates while the cost for 38.40 brix grapefruit concentrate is reported to be $1.21 per gallon down 1.7 percent (Table 5). Table 2. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1982- 83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Frozen orange concentrate 48 6-oz. Estimated cost Change 1982-83 1981-82T in cost Average number of cases per firm 288,863 226,831 Cost per case Percent Materials Cans $1.7634 $1.7639 .0 Cartons 0.1473 0.1532 -3.8 Labels and other 0.0145 0.0075 94.5 Total 1.9252 7.2 Processing labor Direct 0.3232 0.3423 -5.6 Indirect 0.1660 0.1754 -5.4 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0987 0.1048 -5.8 Total 78- 7z Other --ower, lights, water 0.2713 0.2708 0.2 Maintenance & repairs 0.1925 0.1714 12.3 Depreciation & rent 0.1858 0.1966 -5.5 Royalties on machinery 0.1015 0.1003 1.2 Taxes & insurance 0.0430 0.0485 -11.2 Miscellaneous 0.1375 0.1531 -10.2 Total other processing T"779 -0 -7T0tT Total processing expenses 3.4447 3.4878 -1.2 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.1115 0.1059 5.3 Other warehouse expense 0.2168 0.2168 .0 Total warehouse expense 0.3283 7T3T I.-T Administrative expense 0.1923 0.2009 -4.3 Selling expenses Brokerage 0.1630 0.1587 2.7 Other selling expense 0.1565 0.1629 -3.9 Total selling expense 73T~ 7T2~ -0.6 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.2563 0.3186 -19.5 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2251 0.2610 -13.8 Total other expense 0-4814 7.57V6 -T. Total cost unsweetened 4.7662 4.9126 -3.0 aFrom Hooks [2]. bin this and the following tables administrative expense include management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and telegraph, and travel. cIn this and the following tables selling expense excludes allowances, discounts and brand royalties. Table 3. Estimated cost of processing, warehoosi!ii; a s- l.ing Florida orange concentrate 42 brix, 24 12-ounce cans in cases 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Frozen orange concentrate 24 12-oz. Estimated cost Change 1982-83 1981-82 in cost Average number of cases per firm 7b4,865 595,928 Cost per oase Percent Materials Cans $1.2731 $1.2363 3.0 Cartons 3.1291 0.1379 -6.3 Labels and other 0.0116 i000b9 67.8 Total materials 1.4138 1.3811 2.4 Processing labor Direct $0.3263 $0.3624 -10.0 Indirect 0.1682 0.1866 -9.9 Payroll taxes & ins. _0.0977 ,0.094 -10.7 Total processing labor $0.5922 $0.6584 -10.0 Other processing expense Power, lights, water S0.2895 $0.2926 -1.0 Maintenance & repairs 0.2140 ).1840 16.3 Depreciation & rent 0.U)43 0.1804 -8.9 Royalties on machinery 0.1047 0.1030 1.6 Taxes & insurance 0.0400 0.0499 -19.8 Miscellaneous 0(.i552 J.1 92 -8.3 Total other processing $0.9677 $0.9791 -1.2 Total processing expense $2.9737 $3.0186 -1.5 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes S0.108b $0.1017 6.8 Other warehouse expense 0.2062 0.1998 3.2 Total warehouse expense 0.3148 0.3015 Administrative $0.1844 $0.1907 -3.3 Selling expense Brokerage SO. 600 S0.17 1.5 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1448 ).1 63 -7.3 Total selling expense $0.3048 $0.3140 -2.9 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.2423 0.;* : -18.9 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2134 0.2743 -22.2 Total other expense 0.4557 0.5731 -20.5 Total cost unsweetene 54.2334 _,3979 -3. S4.3979 -3.7 $4.2334 Total cost unsweetened Table 4. Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate,a 420 brix, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Bulk Orange Concentrate 420 brix Estimated Cost Change 1982-83 1981-82 in cost Average number of gallons per firm 2,915,313 2,463,607 Cost per gallon Percent Processing labor Direct $0.1160 $0.1390 -16.5 Indirect 0.0686 0.0799 -14.2 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0393 0.0477 -17.5 Total processing labor $0.2239 $0.2666 -16.0 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1067 $0,1058 0.9 Maintenance & repairs 0.0761 $0.0689 10.4 Depreciation & rent 0.0757 0.0851 -11.0 Royalties on machinery 0.0431 0.0426 1.2 Taxes & insurance 0.0133 0.0159 -15.9 Miscellaneous 0.0527 0.0673 -21.6 Total other processing $0.3676 $0.3856 -4.7 Total processing expense $0.5915 $0.6522 -9.3 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0420 $0.0418 0.6 Other warehouse expense 0.0931 0.0889 4.7 Total warehouse expense $0.1351 $0.1307 3.4 Administrative expense $0.0898 $0.0885 1.5 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0081 $0.0125 -34.9 Other selling expense 0.0259 0.0327 -20.9 Total selling expense $0.0340 $0.0452 -24.8 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1245 $0.1125 10.7 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.0961 0.1377 -30.2 Total other expense $0.2207 $0.2502 -11.8 Total cost unsweetened $1.0711 $1.1668 -8.2 aDoes not include drum or liner cost. Table 5. Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrate, 38.40 brix, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Bulk Grapefruit Concentrate 38.40 brix Estimated Cost Change 1982-83 1981-82 in cost Average number of gallons per firm 429,629 544,115 Cost per gallon Percent Processing labor Direct $0.1312 $0.1294 1.4 Indirect 0.0754 0.0744 1.4 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0511 0.0484 5.6 Total processing labor $0.2577 $0.2522 2 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1343 $0.1313 2.2 Maintenance & repairs $0.0568 0.0714 -20.4 Depreciation & rent $0.1242 $0.0525 136.3 Royalties on machinery 0.0327 0.0336 -2.7 Taxes & insurance 0.0217 0.0235 -7.5 Miscellaneous 0.0583 0.0569 2.5 Total other processing $S428 $0.3692 1l3T Total processing expense $0.6857 $0.6214 10.3 Warehouse expense Whse & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0351 $0.0319 9.8 Other warehouse expense 0.0805 0.0722 11.5 Total warehouse expense $.11 $0.1041 1rT Administrative expense $0.0771 $0.0815 -5.4 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0041 $0.0303 -86.4 Other selling expense 0.0083 0.0608 -86.4 Total selling expense $0.0124 $U0.011 --E. Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1847 $0.1902 -2.9 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1321 0.1396 -5.4 Total other expense $0.3168 $0.3298 ~37 Total cost unsweetened $1.2076 $1.2279 -1.7 aDoes not include drums and liner cost. SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and selling costs are shown in Tables 6, and 7. Table 6 shows estimated single strength orange processing, warehousing and selling costs for 12 46-ounce cans in cases for 1982-83 with comparisons to 1981-82 estimates. The 1982-83 cost is $5.07 per case, a 3.9 percent increase in total costs over 1981-82 estimates, while Table 7 shows estimated single strength grapefruit processing, warehousing and selling cost of $4.93 per case, a 1.0 percent increase above 1981-82 season levels. CITRUS FEED The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in Table 8. Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1982-83 are estimated to be $76.37 a 1.8 percent increase over the 1981-82 season. COSTS AND PRICK TRENDS Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971- 72 season (Table 9). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by $1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points). From 1974-75 through 1979-80 costs increased 49 cents (21 points) while the average retail price has increased $7.91 (97 points). In one Table 6. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Orange juice 12 46-oz. cans (excluding sugar) Estimated cost Change Cost group 1982-83 1981-82 in cost Average number of cases per firm 403,550 577,818 Cost per case Percent Material Cans $2.6095 $2.6190 -0.4 Cartons 0.1886 0.1820 3.6 Labels and other 0.1399 0.1427 -1.9 Total materials $2.9380 $2.9437 -0.2 Processing labor Direct $0.1781 $0.1961 -9.2 Indirect 0.1083 $0.1192 -9.2 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0608 0.0712 -14.6 Total processing labor $0.3472 $0.3865 -10.2 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $0.1566 $0.1070 46.4 Maintenance & repairs 0.2033 0.1089 86.7 Depreciation & rent 0.1535 0.1206 27.3 Royalties on machinery 0.0689 0.0650 6.1 Taxes & insurance 0.0313 0.0239 31.8 Miscellaneous 0.0968 0.0780 24.0 Total other processing $0.710b $0.5034 41.2 Total processing expense $3.9958 $3.8336 4.2 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1648 $0.1452 13.5 Other warehouse expense 0.1715 0.1493 14.9 Total warehouse expense $0.3363 $0.2945 14.2 Administrative expense $0.1220 $0.1499 -18.6 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1495 $0.1444 3.5 Other selling expense 0.1338 0.1264 5.9 Total selling expense $0.2833 $0.2708 4.6 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1607 $0.1582 1.6 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1706 0.1711 -0.3 Total other expense $0.3313 $0.3293 0.6 Toa cs nsetne 5.67$488 $5.0b87 $4.8781 Total cost unsweetened Table 7. Estimated costs of processing, war-housing and selling 12 4t-ounce cans ris single strength Florida grapefruit juice, in cases 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels. Grapefruit juice 12 46 oz. cans Estimated cost Change 1982-83 1981-82 in cost Average number of cases per firm 478,007 705,528 Cost per case Percent Material Cans $2.5773 $2.6234 -1.8 Cartons 0.1918 0.1876 2.2 Labels 0.13b9 0.1463 -6.5 Total materials $2.9060 $2.9573 -1.7 Processing labor Direct $0.1984 $0.1942 2.2 Indirect 0.1213 0.1185 2.3 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0693 0.0676 2.4 Total processing labor $0.3890 $0.3803 2.3 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $0.1520 $0.1211 25.5 Maintenance & repairs 0.1667 0.1216 37.1 Depreciation & rent 0.1723 0.1162 48.2 Royalties on machinery 0.0487 0.0399 22.1 Taxes & insurance 0.0345 0.0250 37.9 Miscellaneous 0.0662 0.0921 -28.1 Total other processing $0.6404 $0.5159 24.1 Total processing expense $3.9354 $3.8535 2.1 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1336 $0.1432 -6.7 Other warehouse expense 0.1210 0.1358 -10.9 Total warehouse expense $0.2546 $0.2790 -8.8 Administrative expense $0.1238 $0.1552 -20.3 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1205 $0.1334 -9.7 Other selling expense 0.1153 0.1076 7.2 Total selling expense $0.2358 $0.2410 -2.1 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1799 $0.1827 -1.5 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.2049 0.1743 17.6 Total other expense $0.3848 $0.3570 7.8 Tota cos unseetned 4.934 $4885 Total cost unsweetened $4.9344 $4.8857 Table 8. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling citrus feeda, in bulk, 1982-83 season with comparisons season. Florida to 1981-82 Bulk Citrus Feed Estimated cost Change 1982-83 1981-82" in cost Average number of tons produced per firm 28,155 23,844 - Cost per ton - Materials totalc Processing labor Direct Indirect Payroll taxes & ins. Total processing labor Other processing expenses Power, lights, water Maintenance & repairs Depreciation & rent Taxes & insurance Miscellaneous Total other processing Total processing expense Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax Other warehouse expense Total warehouse expense Administrative expense Selling expense Brokerage Other selling expense Total selling expense Other expense total Total cost $1.59 $7.55 2.79 2.07 $12.41 $33.77 6.94 10.88 1.12 1.94 $54.65 $68.65 $1.86 1.68 $3.54 $1.38 $0.27 0.36 $0.63 $2.17 $76.37 $1.67 $7.34 2.71 2.06 12.11 32.71 7.14 9.74 1.00 2.11 52.70 66.48 1.56 1.54 3.10 1.45 0.48 0.56 1.04 2.97 75.04 Percent -4.7 2.8 2.8 0.9 2.5 3.2 -2.7 11.7 12.7 -8.1 3.7 3.3 19.6 9.4 14.5 -5.1 -42.9 -35.7 -40.0 -26.8 aCitrus feed..A by-product of processing fresh or canned fruit. It consists of dried citrus major use for this by-product is cattle feed. citrus into juice, concentrate pulp with lime added. The bReported by Hooks [2]. CDoes not include bag costs. Table 9. Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 420 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 season. Cost per case Average retail price 48/6 oz. cans per 48/6 oz. cans Season in cases in cases Actual 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81d 1981-82 1982-83 $2.38 2.07 2.26 2.24 2.38 2.43 2.39 2.61 3.02 3.42 3.24 3.49 3.63 3.76 3.91 4.74 4.91 4.77 Index 106 93 101 100 106 109 107 117 135 153 145 156 162 168 175 212 220 213 Actual $ 8.80 7.00 8.60 9.76 8.68 8.88 9.84 9.56 9.55 10.09 10.66 12.80 17.91 18.90 18.00 20.43 21.24 20.61 Index 108 86 106 120 107 109 121 118 117 124 131 157 220 232 221 251 261 253 years prior to 1982-83 are from Hooks [2]. bCalculated from NPD Research, Inc. CThe index was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average. d1980-81 is reported for 43.40 brix. 13 season, 1980-81, costs increased $.83 (38 points) while the average retail price has increased $2.43 (30 points). From 1979-80 through 1981-82, costs increased $1.00 (45 points) while average retail price increased $3.24 (40 points). For 1982-83 costs decreased $.14 (7 points) while average retail price decreased $.63 (8 points). Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total cost for 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate show increases in all categories (Table 10). Table 11 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed since the 1961-62 season. Table 10. The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 seasons. Materials Labor Other processingb Warehousing Administrative Selling Other Total S/case Percent .9982 99 1.0208 101 1.0128 100 1.0279 102 1.0271 102 1.0627 105 1.0771 107 1.1815 117 1.3285 131 1.6534 164 1.5213 151 1.4557 144 1.5049 149 1.6011 158 1.7419 172 1.8718 185 1.9246 190 1.9252 191 1.0106 100 S/case Percent .2656 106 .2117 85 .2729 109 .2776 111 .2943 118 .2881 115 .2666 108 .2978 119 .3865 155 .3654 146 .3394 136 .4463 178 .4517 181 .4515 181 .4779 191 .6035 241 .6225 249 .5879 235 .2501 100 S/case Percent .3872 112 .2759 80 .3705 108 .3380 98 .3355 97 .3789 109 .3728 108 .4170 121 .4864 141 .5130 149 .5468 159 .6302 183 .6854 199 .6615 192 .6954 202 .9106 264 .9407 273 .9316 270 .3445 100 S/case Percent .1234 100 .1053 86 .1395 114 .1112 91 .1278 104 .1354 110 .1147 93 .1358 111 .1930 157 .2240 182 .2005 163 .2196 179 .2204 179 .2268 185 .2310 188 .2998 244 .3227 263 .3283 267 .1228 100 S/case Percent .1444 128 .0766 68 .1180 104 .1203 106 .1211 107 .1390 123 .1623 143 .1761 156 .1521 135 .1636 145 .1247 11 ) .1460 129 .1323 117 .1563 138 .1512 134 .2269 21) .2009 178 .1923 170 .1130 100 $/case Percent .1519 123 .0935 76 .1249 101 .1169 95 .1223 99 .1514 127 .1270 103 .1389 113 .1279 104 .1566 127 .1490 121 .2006 163 .2239 181 .2063 167 .2244 182 .2725 221 .3216 261 .3195 259 .1234 100 $/case Percent S/case Percent .3163 116 2.3870 107 .2825 104 2.0663 92 .2164 80 2.2550 101 .2481 91 2.2400 100 .3556 131 2.3837 107 .2737 101 2.4272 109 .2646 97 2.3851 107 .2639 97 2.6110 117 .3483 122 3.0227 135 .3435 126 3.4194 153 .3622 133 3.2439 145 .3900 144 3.4884 15h .4099 151 3.6285 162 .4562 168 3.7597 168 .3848 142 3.9066 175 .5558 205 4.7409 212 .5796 213 4.9126 220 .4814 177 4.7662 213 .2717 100 2.2361 100 years prior to 1982-83 are taken from Hooks [2]. bInclude power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royalties, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses. C1980-81 brix is 43.4* prior years are 45 brix. d1981-82 and subsequent seasons brix is 42. eThe index for each item was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table). Season 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81C 1981-82d 1982-83d Basee Table 11.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1982-83 seasons Orange Grapefruit Blended eason juice juice juice - Dollars per case - - 1961-62 1.57 1.54 1.55 1962-63 1.79 1.72 1.74 1963-64 1.78 1.72 1.75 1964-65 1.66 1.62 1.64 1965-66 1.75 1.70 1.74 1966-67 1.72 1.68 1.70 1967-68 1.91 1.88 1.91 1968-69 1.90 1.86 1.91 1969-70 2.02 1.98 2.00 1970-71 2.02 2.06 2.00 1971-72 2.05 2.06 2.05 1972-73 2.14 2.16 2.15 1973-74 2.43 2.52 2.50 1974-75 2.91 2.87 2.93 1975-76 2.89 2.82 2.89 1976-77 2.92 2.92 2.87 1977-78 3.19 3.15 3.16 1978-79 3.51 3.49 3.45 1979-80 3.99 3.99 3.93 1980-81 4.76 4.75 4.88 1981-82 4.88 4.89 - 1982-83 5.07 4.93 aData for years prior to 1981-82 are taken from Hooks [2]. REFERENCES [1] Florida Citrus Processors Association. Statistical Summary, 1982- 83 Season. Winter Haven: 1984. [2] Hooks, R. Clegg. Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1981-82 Season. Food and Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report 144. Gainesville: August 1985. |