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Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products
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Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00026338/00010
 Material Information
Title: Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products
Series Title: Economic information report
Physical Description: v. : ; 28 cm.
Language: English
Creator: University of Florida -- Food and Resource Economics Dept
Publisher: Food and Resource Economics Dept., Agricultural Experiment Stations, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
Place of Publication: Gainesville
Creation Date: 1982
 Subjects
Subjects / Keywords: Citrus fruit industry -- Estimates -- Periodicals -- Florida   ( lcsh )
Genre: government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent)   ( marcgt )
statistics   ( marcgt )
serial   ( sobekcm )
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Source Institution: University of Florida
Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.
Resource Identifier: aleph - 001546941
oclc - 05037841
notis - AHG0479
lccn - 79641503 //r892
System ID: UF00026338:00010

Table of Contents
    Front Cover
        Front Cover
    Abstract
        Page i
    Table of Contents
        Page ii
    List of Tables
        Page iii
        Page iv
    Main
        Page 1
        Page 2
        Page 3
        Page 4
        Page 5
        Page 6
        Page 7
        Page 8
        Page 9
        Page 10
        Page 11
        Page 12
        Page 13
        Page 14
        Page 15
    Reference
        Page 16
Full Text

'' R. Clegg Hooks


Economic Information
Report 216


Estimated Costs of Processing
Warehousing and Selling Florida
Citrus Products, 1982-83 Season


I -I



Food and Resource Economics Department
Agricultural Experiment Stations
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida, Gainesville 32611


December 1985














ABSTRACT


The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus
products for the 1982-83 season are estimated to have decreased from
1981-82 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 6-ounce cans
of orange concentrate 420 brix decreased to $4.77--a 3.0 percent
decrease from 1981-82 levels while the costs of producing single
strength range juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have
increased to $5.07--a 3,9 percent increase from 1981-82 levels.
Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling bulk
grapefruit concentrate 38,40 brix is $1,21 per gallon a 1.7 percent
decrease from 1981-82 season levels. Single strength grapefruit juice
12 46-ounce cans per case is estimated to be $4,93 an increase of 1.0
percent above 1981-82 season levels,
Citrus feed cost per ton increased from $75,04 in 1981-82 to $76.37
in 1982-83 an increase of 1,8 percent,




Key words; citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins,
processing costs, citrus,


















TABLE OF CONTENTS





ABSTRACT ...................... ............................. .......


TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................ii


LIST OF TABLES ............................... .... .................. iii


INTRODUCTION.................................................. ....... 1


FROZEN CONCENTRATE ........................... ....... ................... 3


SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES..............................................8


CITRUS FEED ....... ......................... ............. .......... 8


COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS ......................... ... ...... ...........8


REFERENCE*............... .. ......... ..... ................. ........... 16







LIST OF TABLES


Table Page

1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms
relative to the total volume produced in Florida,
1982-83 season ............................................ ....2

2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling
Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans
in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82
season levels......................................... .. **..4

3 Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling
Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix 24 12-ounce cans
in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82
season levels.......... ...................... ..... ......... 5

4 Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing
and selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate, 42 brix,
1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.......6

5 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing
and selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrate, 38.40 brix,
1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.......7

6 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling
12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice
in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82
season levels ................ ................ ............. .9

7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling
12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida grapefruit
juice in cases, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82
season levels................................... .........10

8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling
Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1982-83 season with
comparison to 1981-82 season levels......... ............... 11


iii







9 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selitng
Florida frozen, 42 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66
through 1982-83 season ....................... ................ 12

10 The relative changes in the component costs that make
up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling
48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83
seasons.. ... ... ... ........... .................*..........13

11 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and
selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar
in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1982-83 seasons.........14

















ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCKSSIN-',, WARKHOUlSING AND
SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1982-83 SEASON

R. Clegg Hooks*


INTRODUCTION




The purpose of this study is to 'evel.op estimates of processing,

warehousing and selting for Florida citriis products for the 1982-83
season. Citrus processing cost data wer, obtained from 8 firms. The
total volume for each type of ;rodu't and the percentage of total
Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table
1. The chilled juices again were not reported because of lack of
participation by enough firms producing chilled juice.
Most firms provided average total costs per case or per gallon from
their audited financial statements. The following tables present esti-
mates of the average costs for plant operation, warehousing and selling
the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The cost are
weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each
product by each firm during the 1982-83 production year.
The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of
the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to firms entering and
leaving the sample and the distrihation of the total volume of each
product among sample firms.


*R. Clegg Hooks is an Assistant in Agricultural Economics.









Table 1.


Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to
the total volume produced in Florida, 1982-83 season.


Percentage
Total Total of total
Product produced produced Florida
by sample in production
firms Floridaa sample firms

- Units -- Percent

Orange concentrate 44,179,224 169,576,694 26
(gallons 420 brix)


Grapefruit concentrate 2,166,859 14,483,363 15
(gallons 38.40 brix)


Canned single strength 3,303,977 9,802,043 34
orange juice
(cases 24/#2 equivalent)


Canned single strength 3,341,542 11,650,773 29
grapefruit juice
(cases 24/#2 equivalent)

aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1].










Firms reported their costs in varying degrees of detail. Costs are

aggregated and/or reorganized for each product and can size, in order to

develop cost categories consistent with those used in this report.
Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales depart-

ment expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omit-
ted.




FROZEN CONCENTRATE


The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange
and grapefruit frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are
shown in Tables 2,3,4, and 5.
Estimated average costs for packing 48 6-ounce cans of orange

concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item com-
parisons to 1981-82 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $4.77 per
case -- a 3.0 percent decrease from 1981-82 estimates. The items with
the largest decrease were: other processing expense and other expense.
Table 3,4, and 5 show costs of processing other retail as well as

bulk concentrate products.
The total estimated costs for 24 12-ounce cans in cases of 420 brix
frozen orange concentrate decreased 3.7 percent from 1981-82 season
levels.
Bulk 420 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 4 were down

8.2 percent from 1981-82 estimates while the cost for 38.40 brix
grapefruit concentrate is reported to be $1.21 per gallon down 1.7

percent (Table 5).










Table 2. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida
orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1982-
83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Frozen orange concentrate 48 6-oz.
Estimated cost Change
1982-83 1981-82T in cost

Average number of cases per firm 288,863 226,831

Cost per case Percent

Materials
Cans $1.7634 $1.7639 .0
Cartons 0.1473 0.1532 -3.8
Labels and other 0.0145 0.0075 94.5
Total 1.9252 7.2

Processing labor
Direct 0.3232 0.3423 -5.6
Indirect 0.1660 0.1754 -5.4
Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0987 0.1048 -5.8
Total 78- 7z

Other
--ower, lights, water 0.2713 0.2708 0.2
Maintenance & repairs 0.1925 0.1714 12.3
Depreciation & rent 0.1858 0.1966 -5.5
Royalties on machinery 0.1015 0.1003 1.2
Taxes & insurance 0.0430 0.0485 -11.2
Miscellaneous 0.1375 0.1531 -10.2
Total other processing T"779 -0 -7T0tT

Total processing expenses 3.4447 3.4878 -1.2

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.1115 0.1059 5.3
Other warehouse expense 0.2168 0.2168 .0
Total warehouse expense 0.3283 7T3T I.-T

Administrative expense 0.1923 0.2009 -4.3

Selling expenses
Brokerage 0.1630 0.1587 2.7
Other selling expense 0.1565 0.1629 -3.9
Total selling expense 73T~ 7T2~ -0.6

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. 0.2563 0.3186 -19.5
Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2251 0.2610 -13.8
Total other expense 0-4814 7.57V6 -T.

Total cost unsweetened 4.7662 4.9126 -3.0

aFrom Hooks [2].
bin this and the following tables administrative expense include
management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and
telegraph, and travel.
cIn this and the following tables selling expense excludes allowances,
discounts and brand royalties.











Table 3. Estimated cost of processing, warehoosi!ii; a s- l.ing Florida
orange concentrate 42 brix, 24 12-ounce cans in cases 1982-83
season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Frozen orange concentrate 24 12-oz.
Estimated cost Change
1982-83 1981-82 in cost

Average number of cases per firm 7b4,865 595,928

Cost per oase Percent

Materials
Cans $1.2731 $1.2363 3.0
Cartons 3.1291 0.1379 -6.3
Labels and other 0.0116 i000b9 67.8
Total materials 1.4138 1.3811 2.4

Processing labor
Direct $0.3263 $0.3624 -10.0
Indirect 0.1682 0.1866 -9.9
Payroll taxes & ins. _0.0977 ,0.094 -10.7
Total processing labor $0.5922 $0.6584 -10.0

Other processing expense
Power, lights, water S0.2895 $0.2926 -1.0
Maintenance & repairs 0.2140 ).1840 16.3
Depreciation & rent 0.U)43 0.1804 -8.9
Royalties on machinery 0.1047 0.1030 1.6
Taxes & insurance 0.0400 0.0499 -19.8
Miscellaneous 0(.i552 J.1 92 -8.3
Total other processing $0.9677 $0.9791 -1.2

Total processing expense $2.9737 $3.0186 -1.5

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes S0.108b $0.1017 6.8
Other warehouse expense 0.2062 0.1998 3.2
Total warehouse expense 0.3148 0.3015

Administrative $0.1844 $0.1907 -3.3

Selling expense
Brokerage SO. 600 S0.17 1.5
Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1448 ).1 63 -7.3
Total selling expense $0.3048 $0.3140 -2.9

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. 0.2423 0.;* : -18.9
Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2134 0.2743 -22.2
Total other expense 0.4557 0.5731 -20.5


Total cost unsweetene 54.2334 _,3979 -3.


S4.3979 -3.7


$4.2334


Total cost unsweetened









Table 4. Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and
selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate,a 420 brix,
1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Bulk Orange Concentrate 420 brix
Estimated Cost Change
1982-83 1981-82 in cost

Average number of gallons per firm 2,915,313 2,463,607

Cost per gallon Percent
Processing labor
Direct $0.1160 $0.1390 -16.5
Indirect 0.0686 0.0799 -14.2
Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0393 0.0477 -17.5
Total processing labor $0.2239 $0.2666 -16.0

Other processing expense
Power, lights, water $0.1067 $0,1058 0.9
Maintenance & repairs 0.0761 $0.0689 10.4
Depreciation & rent 0.0757 0.0851 -11.0
Royalties on machinery 0.0431 0.0426 1.2
Taxes & insurance 0.0133 0.0159 -15.9
Miscellaneous 0.0527 0.0673 -21.6
Total other processing $0.3676 $0.3856 -4.7

Total processing expense $0.5915 $0.6522 -9.3

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0420 $0.0418 0.6
Other warehouse expense 0.0931 0.0889 4.7
Total warehouse expense $0.1351 $0.1307 3.4

Administrative expense $0.0898 $0.0885 1.5

Selling expense
Brokerage $0.0081 $0.0125 -34.9
Other selling expense 0.0259 0.0327 -20.9
Total selling expense $0.0340 $0.0452 -24.8

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. $0.1245 $0.1125 10.7
Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.0961 0.1377 -30.2
Total other expense $0.2207 $0.2502 -11.8

Total cost unsweetened $1.0711 $1.1668 -8.2

aDoes not include drum or liner cost.











Table 5. Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and
selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrate, 38.40 brix,
1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Bulk Grapefruit Concentrate 38.40 brix
Estimated Cost Change
1982-83 1981-82 in cost
Average number of gallons per firm 429,629 544,115

Cost per gallon Percent
Processing labor
Direct $0.1312 $0.1294 1.4
Indirect 0.0754 0.0744 1.4
Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0511 0.0484 5.6
Total processing labor $0.2577 $0.2522 2

Other processing expense
Power, lights, water $0.1343 $0.1313 2.2
Maintenance & repairs $0.0568 0.0714 -20.4
Depreciation & rent $0.1242 $0.0525 136.3
Royalties on machinery 0.0327 0.0336 -2.7
Taxes & insurance 0.0217 0.0235 -7.5
Miscellaneous 0.0583 0.0569 2.5
Total other processing $S428 $0.3692 1l3T

Total processing expense $0.6857 $0.6214 10.3

Warehouse expense
Whse & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0351 $0.0319 9.8
Other warehouse expense 0.0805 0.0722 11.5
Total warehouse expense $.11 $0.1041 1rT

Administrative expense $0.0771 $0.0815 -5.4

Selling expense
Brokerage $0.0041 $0.0303 -86.4
Other selling expense 0.0083 0.0608 -86.4
Total selling expense $0.0124 $U0.011 --E.

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. $0.1847 $0.1902 -2.9
Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1321 0.1396 -5.4
Total other expense $0.3168 $0.3298 ~37

Total cost unsweetened $1.2076 $1.2279 -1.7

aDoes not include drums and liner cost.









SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES


Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and
selling costs are shown in Tables 6, and 7.
Table 6 shows estimated single strength orange processing,
warehousing and selling costs for 12 46-ounce cans in cases for 1982-83
with comparisons to 1981-82 estimates. The 1982-83 cost is $5.07 per
case, a 3.9 percent increase in total costs over 1981-82 estimates,
while Table 7 shows estimated single strength grapefruit processing,
warehousing and selling cost of $4.93 per case, a 1.0 percent increase
above 1981-82 season levels.



CITRUS FEED


The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in
Table 8.
Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1982-83 are estimated to
be $76.37 a 1.8 percent increase over the 1981-82 season.



COSTS AND PRICK TRENDS


Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce cans of
orange concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971-
72 season (Table 9). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by
$1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points).
From 1974-75 through 1979-80 costs increased 49 cents (21 points) while
the average retail price has increased $7.91 (97 points). In one










Table 6. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of
single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1982-83 season with
comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Orange juice 12 46-oz. cans (excluding sugar)
Estimated cost Change
Cost group 1982-83 1981-82 in cost

Average number of cases per firm 403,550 577,818

Cost per case Percent

Material
Cans $2.6095 $2.6190 -0.4
Cartons 0.1886 0.1820 3.6
Labels and other 0.1399 0.1427 -1.9
Total materials $2.9380 $2.9437 -0.2

Processing labor
Direct $0.1781 $0.1961 -9.2
Indirect 0.1083 $0.1192 -9.2
Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0608 0.0712 -14.6
Total processing labor $0.3472 $0.3865 -10.2

Other processing expenses
Power, lights, water $0.1566 $0.1070 46.4
Maintenance & repairs 0.2033 0.1089 86.7
Depreciation & rent 0.1535 0.1206 27.3
Royalties on machinery 0.0689 0.0650 6.1
Taxes & insurance 0.0313 0.0239 31.8
Miscellaneous 0.0968 0.0780 24.0
Total other processing $0.710b $0.5034 41.2

Total processing expense $3.9958 $3.8336 4.2

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1648 $0.1452 13.5
Other warehouse expense 0.1715 0.1493 14.9
Total warehouse expense $0.3363 $0.2945 14.2

Administrative expense $0.1220 $0.1499 -18.6

Selling expense
Brokerage $0.1495 $0.1444 3.5
Other selling expense 0.1338 0.1264 5.9
Total selling expense $0.2833 $0.2708 4.6

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. $0.1607 $0.1582 1.6
Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1706 0.1711 -0.3
Total other expense $0.3313 $0.3293 0.6


Toa cs nsetne 5.67$488


$5.0b87 $4.8781


Total cost unsweetened










Table 7. Estimated costs of processing, war-housing and selling 12 4t-ounce cans ris
single strength Florida grapefruit juice, in cases 1982-83 season with
comparisons to 1981-82 season levels.

Grapefruit juice 12 46 oz. cans
Estimated cost Change
1982-83 1981-82 in cost

Average number of cases per firm 478,007 705,528

Cost per case Percent

Material
Cans $2.5773 $2.6234 -1.8
Cartons 0.1918 0.1876 2.2
Labels 0.13b9 0.1463 -6.5
Total materials $2.9060 $2.9573 -1.7

Processing labor
Direct $0.1984 $0.1942 2.2
Indirect 0.1213 0.1185 2.3
Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0693 0.0676 2.4
Total processing labor $0.3890 $0.3803 2.3

Other processing expenses
Power, lights, water $0.1520 $0.1211 25.5
Maintenance & repairs 0.1667 0.1216 37.1
Depreciation & rent 0.1723 0.1162 48.2
Royalties on machinery 0.0487 0.0399 22.1
Taxes & insurance 0.0345 0.0250 37.9
Miscellaneous 0.0662 0.0921 -28.1
Total other processing $0.6404 $0.5159 24.1

Total processing expense $3.9354 $3.8535 2.1

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1336 $0.1432 -6.7
Other warehouse expense 0.1210 0.1358 -10.9
Total warehouse expense $0.2546 $0.2790 -8.8

Administrative expense $0.1238 $0.1552 -20.3

Selling expense
Brokerage $0.1205 $0.1334 -9.7
Other selling expense 0.1153 0.1076 7.2
Total selling expense $0.2358 $0.2410 -2.1

Other expense
Advertising tax & insp. $0.1799 $0.1827 -1.5
Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.2049 0.1743 17.6
Total other expense $0.3848 $0.3570 7.8


Tota cos unseetned 4.934 $4885


Total cost unsweetened


$4.9344 $4.8857











Table 8. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling
citrus feeda, in bulk, 1982-83 season with comparisons
season.


Florida
to 1981-82


Bulk Citrus Feed
Estimated cost Change
1982-83 1981-82" in cost

Average number of tons produced per firm 28,155 23,844


- Cost per ton -


Materials totalc

Processing labor
Direct
Indirect
Payroll taxes & ins.
Total processing labor

Other processing expenses
Power, lights, water
Maintenance & repairs
Depreciation & rent
Taxes & insurance
Miscellaneous
Total other processing

Total processing expense

Warehouse expense
Whse. & shipping, labor & tax
Other warehouse expense
Total warehouse expense

Administrative expense

Selling expense
Brokerage
Other selling expense
Total selling expense

Other expense total

Total cost


$1.59


$7.55
2.79
2.07
$12.41


$33.77
6.94
10.88
1.12
1.94
$54.65

$68.65


$1.86
1.68
$3.54

$1.38


$0.27
0.36
$0.63

$2.17

$76.37


$1.67


$7.34
2.71
2.06
12.11


32.71
7.14
9.74
1.00
2.11
52.70

66.48


1.56
1.54
3.10

1.45


0.48
0.56
1.04

2.97

75.04


Percent

-4.7


2.8
2.8
0.9
2.5


3.2
-2.7
11.7
12.7
-8.1
3.7

3.3


19.6
9.4
14.5

-5.1


-42.9
-35.7
-40.0

-26.8


aCitrus feed..A by-product of processing fresh
or canned fruit. It consists of dried citrus
major use for this by-product is cattle feed.


citrus into juice, concentrate
pulp with lime added. The


bReported by Hooks [2].

CDoes not include bag costs.










Table 9. Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida
frozen, 420 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83
season.

Cost per case Average retail price
48/6 oz. cans per 48/6 oz. cans
Season in cases in cases


Actual


1965-66
1966-67
1967-68
1968-69
1969-70

1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75

1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80

1980-81d
1981-82
1982-83


$2.38
2.07
2.26
2.24
2.38


2.43
2.39
2.61
3.02
3.42

3.24
3.49
3.63
3.76
3.91

4.74
4.91
4.77


Index

106
93
101
100
106

109
107
117
135
153

145
156
162
168
175

212
220
213


Actual

$ 8.80
7.00
8.60
9.76
8.68

8.88
9.84
9.56
9.55
10.09

10.66
12.80
17.91
18.90
18.00

20.43
21.24
20.61


Index

108
86
106
120
107

109
121
118
117
124

131
157
220
232
221

251
261
253


years prior to 1982-83 are from Hooks [2].
bCalculated from NPD Research, Inc.

CThe index was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average.
d1980-81 is reported for 43.40 brix.





13



season, 1980-81, costs increased $.83 (38 points) while the average
retail price has increased $2.43 (30 points). From 1979-80 through
1981-82, costs increased $1.00 (45 points) while average retail price
increased $3.24 (40 points). For 1982-83 costs decreased $.14 (7
points) while average retail price decreased $.63 (8 points).
Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total cost for 48
6-ounce cans of orange concentrate show increases in all categories
(Table 10).
Table 11 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed
since the 1961-62 season.













Table 10. The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and
selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 seasons.


Materials


Labor


Other
processingb


Warehousing Administrative


Selling


Other


Total


S/case Percent

.9982 99
1.0208 101
1.0128 100
1.0279 102
1.0271 102
1.0627 105
1.0771 107
1.1815 117
1.3285 131
1.6534 164
1.5213 151
1.4557 144
1.5049 149
1.6011 158
1.7419 172
1.8718 185
1.9246 190
1.9252 191
1.0106 100


S/case Percent

.2656 106
.2117 85
.2729 109
.2776 111
.2943 118
.2881 115
.2666 108
.2978 119
.3865 155
.3654 146
.3394 136
.4463 178
.4517 181
.4515 181
.4779 191
.6035 241
.6225 249
.5879 235
.2501 100


S/case Percent

.3872 112
.2759 80
.3705 108
.3380 98
.3355 97
.3789 109
.3728 108
.4170 121
.4864 141
.5130 149
.5468 159
.6302 183
.6854 199
.6615 192
.6954 202
.9106 264
.9407 273
.9316 270
.3445 100


S/case Percent

.1234 100
.1053 86
.1395 114
.1112 91
.1278 104
.1354 110
.1147 93
.1358 111
.1930 157
.2240 182
.2005 163
.2196 179
.2204 179
.2268 185
.2310 188
.2998 244
.3227 263
.3283 267
.1228 100


S/case Percent

.1444 128
.0766 68
.1180 104
.1203 106
.1211 107
.1390 123
.1623 143
.1761 156
.1521 135
.1636 145
.1247 11 )
.1460 129
.1323 117
.1563 138
.1512 134
.2269 21)
.2009 178
.1923 170
.1130 100


$/case Percent

.1519 123
.0935 76
.1249 101
.1169 95
.1223 99
.1514 127
.1270 103
.1389 113
.1279 104
.1566 127
.1490 121
.2006 163
.2239 181
.2063 167
.2244 182
.2725 221
.3216 261
.3195 259
.1234 100


$/case Percent S/case Percent

.3163 116 2.3870 107
.2825 104 2.0663 92
.2164 80 2.2550 101
.2481 91 2.2400 100
.3556 131 2.3837 107
.2737 101 2.4272 109
.2646 97 2.3851 107
.2639 97 2.6110 117
.3483 122 3.0227 135
.3435 126 3.4194 153
.3622 133 3.2439 145
.3900 144 3.4884 15h
.4099 151 3.6285 162
.4562 168 3.7597 168
.3848 142 3.9066 175
.5558 205 4.7409 212
.5796 213 4.9126 220
.4814 177 4.7662 213
.2717 100 2.2361 100


years prior to 1982-83 are taken from Hooks [2].
bInclude power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royalties, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses.

C1980-81 brix is 43.4* prior years are 45 brix.
d1981-82 and subsequent seasons brix is 42.

eThe index for each item was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table).


Season


1965-66
1966-67
1967-68
1968-69
1969-70
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81C
1981-82d
1982-83d
Basee










Table 11.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and
selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12
46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1982-83 seasons

Orange Grapefruit Blended
eason juice juice juice

- Dollars per case - -

1961-62 1.57 1.54 1.55
1962-63 1.79 1.72 1.74
1963-64 1.78 1.72 1.75
1964-65 1.66 1.62 1.64
1965-66 1.75 1.70 1.74

1966-67 1.72 1.68 1.70
1967-68 1.91 1.88 1.91
1968-69 1.90 1.86 1.91
1969-70 2.02 1.98 2.00
1970-71 2.02 2.06 2.00

1971-72 2.05 2.06 2.05
1972-73 2.14 2.16 2.15
1973-74 2.43 2.52 2.50
1974-75 2.91 2.87 2.93
1975-76 2.89 2.82 2.89

1976-77 2.92 2.92 2.87
1977-78 3.19 3.15 3.16
1978-79 3.51 3.49 3.45
1979-80 3.99 3.99 3.93
1980-81 4.76 4.75 4.88

1981-82 4.88 4.89 -
1982-83 5.07 4.93

aData for years prior to 1981-82 are taken from Hooks [2].














REFERENCES




[1] Florida Citrus Processors Association. Statistical Summary, 1982-
83 Season. Winter Haven: 1984.




[2] Hooks, R. Clegg. Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and
Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1981-82 Season. Food and
Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report
144. Gainesville: August 1985.