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R. Clegg Hooks Economic Information Report 215 Estimated Costs of Processing Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1981-82 Season Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 December 1985 ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1981-82 season are estimated to have increased from 1980-81 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate 420 brix increased to $4.91--a 7.7 percent increase from 1980-81 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $4.88--a 2.5 percent increase from 1980-81 levels. Estimated cost of processing warehousing and selling bulk Grapefruit concentrate 38.40 brix is $1.23 per gallon. Single strength grapefruit juice 12 46-ounce cans per case is estimated to be $4.89. An increase of 2.8 percent above 1980-81 season levels. Citrus feed cost per ton increased from $54.48 in 1980-81 to $75.04 in 1981-82, a 37.7 percent increase. Key words: citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, processing costs, citrus. TABLE OF CONTENT:- ABSTRACT......................................... ... ...**.......... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ................................... .......... ......iii INTRODUCTION................. .......................... ..............1 FROZEN CONCENTRATE........... ............................... 3 SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES ........................ ......................8 CITRUS FEED..................... .. ................. .................. 8 COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS............ ................................. .. 8 REFERENCE ....................................... ........ .1 ii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1981-82 season ...... .... ...... ........... .............. ..... 2 2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels........................... .... ....... **********.4 3 Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix 24 12-ounce cans in cases, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels.......... ..............5 ****...5 4 Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate, 420 brix, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81, season levels....... ... .. ..... ...................... ** .....* 6 5 Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrate, 38.40 brix, 1981-82 season................. ... ..... .............. 7 6 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels..................... .... ..*..* ........ 9 7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida grapefruit juice in cases, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels................**....................10 8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels........................11 9 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 420 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1981-82 season..............................12 10 The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1981-82 seasons..................................... 14 11 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1981-82 seasons............ ...... ................ .. .......... .....15 ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCESSING, WAREHOUSING AND SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1981-82 SEASON R. Clegg Hooks* INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to develop estimates of processing warehousing and selling costs for Florida citrus products for the 1981- 82 season. Citrus processing cost data were obtained from 8 firms. The total volume for each type of product and the percentage of total Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table 1. The chilled juices again were not reported because of lack of participation by enough firms producing chilled juice. Most firms provided average total costs per case or per gallon from their audited financial statements. The following tables present esti- mates of the average costs for plant operation, warehousing and selling the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The cost are weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each product by each firm during the 1981-82 production year. The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to firms entering and leaving the sample and the distribution of the total volume of each product among sample firms. *R. Clegg Hooks is an Assistant in Agricultural Economics. Table 1. Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1981-82 season. Percentage Total Total of total Product produced produced Florida by sample in production firms Floridaa sample firms - Units - Percent Orange concentrate 39,253,918 133,293,517 29 (gallons 420 brix) Grapefruit concentrate 2,692,313 21,868,738 12 (gallons 38.40 brix) Canned single strength 3,812,182 11,503,387 33 orange juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) Canned single strength 4,874,325 15,724,598 31 grapefruit juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1]. Firms reported their costs in varying degrees of detail. Costs are aggregated and/or reorganized for each product and can size, in order to develop cost categories consistent with those used in this report. Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales depart- ment expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omit- ted. FROZEN CONCENTRATE The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange, and grapefruit frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are shown in Tables 2,3,4, and 5. Estimated average costs for packing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item com- parisons to 1980-81 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $4.91 per case -- a 7.7 percent increase from 1980-81 estimates. The items with the largest increase were: warehouse and selling expense. Table 3,4, and 5 show costs of processing other retail as well as bulk concentrate products. The total estimated costs for 24 12-ounce, cans in cases at 420 brix orange concentrate increased 9.5 percent above 1980-81. Bulk 420 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 4 were up 4.4 percent from 1980-81 estimates while the cost for 38.40 brix grapefruit concentrate is reported to be $1.23 per gallon (Table 5). Table 2. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 420 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1981- 82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels. Frozen orange concentrate 48 6-oz. Estimated cost Change 1981-82 1980-81 in cost Average number of cases per firm 226,831 339,198 Cost per case Percent Materials -Cans $1.7639 $1.6587 6.3 Cartons 0.1532 0.1324 15.7 Labels and other 0.0075 0.0092 -19.3 Total 1246 1.8003T Processing labor Direct 0.3423 0.3233 5.9 Indirect 0.1754 0.1702 3.1 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.1048 0.0870 20.4 Total 70625 JT 77 Other Power, lights, water 0.2708 0.2544 6.5 Maintenance & repairs 0.1714 0.1861 -7.9 Depreciation & rent 0.1966 0.1555 26.4 Royalties on machinery 0.1003 0.0894 12.3 Taxes & insurance 0.0485 0.0451 7.4 Miscellaneous 0.1532 0.1453 5.4 Total other processing 079407 7 7:7 Total processing expenses 3.4878 3.2567 7.1 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.1059 0.0919 15.3 Other warehouse expense 0.2168 0.1965 10.3 Total warehouse expense -0.227 02884 1T-1 Administrative expense 0.2009 0.2182 -8.0 Selling expensec Brokerage 0.1587 0.1576 0.7 Other selling expense 0.1629 0.1045 55.9 Total selling expense 377l6 0.262T Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.3186 0.2253 41.4 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2610 0.3093 -15.6 Total other expense T-7T96 VU58732F Total cost unsweetened 4.9126 4.5600 7.7 aFrom Hooks [2]. bin this and the following tables administrative expenses include management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and telegraph, and travel. CIn this and the following tables selling expenses exclude allowances, discounts and brand royalties. Table 3. Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate 420 brix, 24 12-ounce cans in cases 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels. Frozen orange concentrate 24 12-oz. Estimated cost Change 1981-82 1980-81a in cost Average number of cases per firm 595,928 922,607 Cost per case Percent Materials Cans $1.2363 $1.1705 5.6 Cartons 0.1379 0.1309 5.3 Labels and other 0.0069 0.0098 -29.4 Total materials 1.3811 1.3112 5.3 Processing labor Direct 0.3624 0.3306 9.6 Indirect 0.1866 0.1690 10.4 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.1094 0.0868 26.1 Total processing labor 0.6584 0.5864 12.3 Other processing expense Power, lights, water 0.2926 0.2559 14.3 Maintenance & repairs 0.1840 0.2004 -8.2 Depreciation & rent 0.1804 0.1360 32.7 Royalties on machinery 0.1030 0.0933 10.4 Taxes & insurance 0.0499 0.0374 33.3 Miscellaneous 0.1692 0.1548 9.3 Total other processing 0.9791 0.8778 11.5 Total processing expense 3.0186 2.7754 8.8 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.1017 0.0831 22.3 Other warehouse expense 0.1998 0.1781 12.2 Total warehouse expense 0.3015 0.2612 15.4 Administrative 0.1907 0.2322 -17.9 Selling expense Brokerage 0.1577 0.1520 3.8 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1563 0.1045 49.6 Total selling expense 0.3140 0.2565 22.4 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.2988 0.2212 35.1 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2723 0.2686 1.4 Total other expense 0.5731 0.4898 17.0 Total cost unsweetened 4.3979 4.0151 9.5 4.3979 4.0151 9.5 Total cost unsweetened Table 4. Estimated cost per gallon for prooossing, warehousing and selling bulk Florida frozen orange concentrate,a 42 brix, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels. Bulk Orange Concentrate 420 brix Estimated Cost Change 1981-82 1980-81 in cost Average number of gallons per firm 2,463,607 2,725,522 Cost per gallon Percent Processing labor Direct $0.1390 $0.1336 4.0 Indirect 0.0799 0.0769 4.0 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0477 0.0391 22.0 Total processing labor 0.2666 0.2496 6.8 Other processing expense Power, lights, water 0.1058 0.10b7 -0.8 Maintenance & repairs 0.0689 0.0719 -4.1 Depreciation & rent 0.0851 0.0705 20.7 Royalties on machinery 0.0426 0.0378 12.7 Taxes & insurance 0.0159 0.0152 4.4 Miscellaneous 0.0673 0.0571 17.7 Total other processing 0.3856 0.3592 7.4 Total processing expense 0.6522 0.6088 7.1 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.0418 0).0318 31.3 Other warehouse expense 0.0889 0.0747 19.0 Total warehouse expense 0.1307 0.1065 22.7 Administrative expense 0.0885 0.0863 2.5 Selling expense Brokerage 0.0125 0.0192 -35.3 Other selling expense 0.0327 0.0386 -15.1 Total selling expense 0.0452 0.0578 -21.8 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.1125 0.0969 16.2 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1377 0.1b17 -14.8 Total other expense 0.2502 0.2585 -3.2 Total cost unsweetened 1.1668 1.1179 4.4 aDoes not include drum or liner cost. Table 5. Estimated costs per gallon for processing, arehousing and selling bulk Florida grapefruit concentrateA, 38.40 brix, 1981-82 season. Bulk Grapefruit Concentrate 38.40 brix Estimated Cost 1981-82 Average number of gallons per firm 544,115 Cost per gallon Processing labor Direct $0.1294 Indirect 0.0744 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0484 Total processing labor 0.2522 Other processing expense Power, lights, water 0.1313 Maintenance & repairs 0.0714 Depreciation & rent 0.0525 Royalties on machinery 0.0336 Taxes & insurance 0.0235 Miscellaneous 0.0569 Total other processing U.3692 Total processing expense 0.6214 Warehouse expense Wse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.0319 Other warehouse expense 0.0722 Total warehouse expense 0.1041 Administrative expense 0.0815 Selling expense Brokerage 0.0303 Other selling expense 0.0608 Total selling expense 0.0911 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.1902 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1396 Total other expense 0.3298 Total cost unsweetened 1.2279 aDoes not include drum or liner cost. SINGI, STRENGTH JIICES Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and selling costs are shown in Tables 6, and 7. Table 6 shows estimated single strength orange processing, warehousing and selling costs for 12 46-ounce cans in cases for 1981-82 with comparisons to 1980-81 estimates. The 1981-82 cost is $4.88 per case, a 2.5 percent increase in total costs over 1980-81 estimates, while Table 7 shows estimated single strength grapefruit processing, warehousing, and selling cost of $4.89 per case, a 2.8 percent increase above 1980-81 season levels. CITRUS FEED The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in Table 8. Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1981-82 are estimated to be $75.04, a 37.7 percent increase over the t980-81 season. This large increase is attributed to reduced production during the 1981-82 season. COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971- 72 season (Table 9). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by $1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points). From 1974-75 through 1979-80 costs increased 49 cents (21 points) while Table 6. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels. Orange juice 12 46-oz. cans (excluding sugar) Change Cost group 1981-82 1980-81 in cost Average number of cases per firm 378,728 403,550 Cost per case Percent Material Cans $2.6190 $2.4426 7.2 Cartons 0.1820 0.2114 -13.9 Labels and other 0.1427 0.1353 5.5 Total materials 2.9437 2.7893 5.5 Processing labor Direct 0.1961 0.2067 -5.1 Indirect 0.1192 0.1313 -9.2 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0712 0.0487 46.2 Total processing labor 0.3865 0.3867 .1 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water 0.1070 0.1277 -16.2 Maintenance & repairs 0.1089 0.1765 -38.3 Depreciation & rent 0.1206 0.0920 31.0 Royalties on machinery 0.0650 0.0467 39.1 Taxes & insurance 0.0239 0.0500 -52.3 Miscellaneous 0.0780 0.0908 -14.1 Total other processing 0.5034 0.5837 -13.8 Total processing expense 3.8336 3.7597 2.0 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax 0.1452 0.1427 1.8 Other warehouse expense 0.1493 0.1423 4.9 Total warehouse expense 0.2945 0.2850 3.3 Administrative expense 0.1499 0.1652 -9.3 Selling expense Brokerage 0.1444 0.1357 6.4 Other selling expense 0.1264 0.1160 8.9 Total selling expense 0.2708 0.2517 7.6 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.1582 0.1396 13.3 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1711 0.1561 9.6 Total other expense 0.3293 0.2957 11.3 Total cost unsweetened 4. 8781 4.7573 2.5 Total cost unsweetened 4.8781 4.7573 2.5 Table 7. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida grapefruit juice in cases 1981-82 season with comparisons to 1980-81 season levels. Grapefruit juice 12 46-oz.cans Estimated cost Change 1981-82 1980-81 in cost Average number of cases per firm 705,528 557,548 Cost per case Percent Material Cans $2.6234 $2.4325 7.8 Cartons 0.1876 0.2125 -11.7 Labels and other 0.1463 0.1331 10.0 Total materials 2.9573 2.7781 6.5 Processing labor Direct 0.1942 0.2042 -4.9 Indirect 0.1185 0.1241 -4.5 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0676 0.0604 12.0 Total processing labor 0.3803 0.3887 -2.2 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water 0.1211 0.1238 -2.2 Maintenance & repairs 0.1216 0.1772 -31.4 Depreciation & rent 0.1162 0.0982 18.4 Royalties on machinery 0.0399 0.0387 3.0 Taxes & insurance 0.0250 0.0578 -56.7 Miscellaneous 0.0921 0.0927 -0.6 Total other processing 0.5159 0.5884 -12.3 Total processing expense 3,8535 3.7552 2.6 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax 0.1432 0.1347 6.3 Other warehouse expense 0.1358 0.1399 -2.9 Total warehouse expense 0.2790 0.274b 1.6 Administrative expense 0.1552 0.1651 -6.0 Selling expense Brokerage 0.1334 0.1309 1.9 Other selling expense 0.1076 0.1088 -1.1 Total selling expense 0.2410 0.2397 0.5 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.1827 0.1568 16.5 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1743 0.1623 7.4 Total other expense 0.3570 0.3191 11.9 Total cost unsweetened 4.8857 4.7537 4.8857 4.7537 Total cost unsweetened Table 8. Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feeda, in bulk, 1982-83 season with comparisons to 1981-82 season. Bulk Citrus Feed Estimated cost Change 1982-83 1981-82' in cost Average number of tons produced per firm 28,155 23,844 Cost per ton Percent Materials total $1.59 $1.67 -4.7 Processing labor Direct $7.55 $7.34 2.8 Indirect 2.79 2.71 2.8 Payroll taxes & ins. 2.07 2.06 0.9 Total processing labor $12.41 12.11 2.5 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $33.77 32.71 3.2 Maintenance & repairs 6.94 7.14 -2.7 Depreciation & rent 10.88 9.74 11.7 Taxes & insurance 1.12 1.00 12.7 Miscellaneous 1.94 2.11 -8.1 Total other processing $54,65 52.70 3.7 Total processing expense $68.65 66.48 3.3 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $1.86 1.56 19.6 Other warehouse expense 1.68 1.54 9.4 Total warehouse expense $3.54 3.10 14.5 Administrative expense $1.38 1.45 -5.1 Selling expense Brokerage $0.27 0.48 -42.9 Other selling expense 0.35 0.56 -37.6 Total selling expense $0,63 1.04 -40.0 Other expense total $2.17 2.97 -26.8 Total cost $76,37 75.04 1.8 aCitrus feed..A by-product of processing fresh citrus into juice, concentrate or canned fruit. It consists of dried citrus pulp with lime added. The major use for this by-product is cattle feed. bReported by Hooks [2]. cDoes not include bag costs. Table 9. Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 420 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1982-83 season. --s;r-en-=erE+r? ;izm~err~n l a-~r ns~asnmflflfla~rrsr~~cr Cost per case 48/6 oz. cans in cases Actual $2.38 2.07 2.26 2.24 2.38 2.43 2.39 2.61 3.02 3.42 3.24 3.49 3.63 3.76 3.91 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81d 1981-82 1982-83 Indexes 106 93 101 100 106 109 107 117 135 153 145 156 162 168 175 212 220 213 Average retail price per 48/6 oz. cans in cases Actual $ 8.80 7.00 8.60 9.76 8.68 8.88 9.84 9.56 9.55 10.09 10.66 12.80 17.91 18.90 18.00 20.43 21.24 20.61 Index 108 86 106 120 107 109 121 118 117 124 131 157 220 232 221 251 261 253 years prior to 1982-83 are from Hooks [2]. bCalculated from NPD Research, Inc. CThe index was computed as a percentage of the 19b5-68 average. d1980-81 is reported for 43.40 brix. Season 4.74 4.91 4.77 13 the average retail price increased $7.91 (97 points). In one season, 1980-81, costs increased $.83 (38 points) while the average retail price increased $2.43 per unit (30 points). For 1981-82 costs increased $.17 (8 points) while average retail price increased $.81 (10 points). Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total cost for 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate show increases in all categories (Table 10). Table 11 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed since the 1961-62 season. Table 10. The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1981-82 seasons.a -~~-~~-~-YI- -~3i~ Y J~SI--- Y 1- ------_---------- Materials Labor Other processing Warehousing Administrative Selling Other Total S/case Percent .9982 99 1.0208 101 1.0128 100 1.0279 102 1.0271 102 1.0627 105 1.0771 107 1.1815 117 1.3285 131 1.6534 164 1.5213 151 1.4557 144 1.5049 149 1.6011 158 1.7419 172 1.8718 185 1.9246 190 1.0106 100 S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent .2656 106 .3872 112 .1234 100 .2117 85 .2759 80 .1053 86 .2729 109 .3705 108 .1395 114 .2776 111 .3380 98 .1112 91 .2943 118 .3355 97 .1278 104 .2881 115 .3789 109 .1354 110 .2666 108 .3728 108 .1147 93 .2978 119 .4170 121 .1358 111 .3865 155 .4864 141 .1930 157 .3654 146 .5130 149 .2240 182 .3394 136 .5468 159 .2005 163 .4463 ,178 .6302 183 .2196 179 .4517 181 .6854 199 .2204 179 .4515 181 .6615 192 .2268 185 .4779 191 .6954 202 .2310 188 .6035 241 .9106 264 .2998 244 .6225 249 .9407 273 .3227 263 .2501 100 .3445 100 .1228 100 S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent .1444 128 .1519 123 .3163 116 2.3870 107 .0766 68 .0935 76 .2825 104 2.0663 92 .1180 104 .1249 101 .2164 80 2.2550 101 .1203 106 .1169 95 .2481 91 2.2400 10o .1211 107 .1223 99 .3556 131 2.3837 hi1 .1390 123 .1514 127 .2737 101 2.4272 109 .1623 143 .1270 103 .2646 97 2.3851 107 .1761 156 .1389 113 .2639 97 2.6110 ll .1521 135 .1279 104 .3483 122 3.0227 135 .1636 145 .1566 127 .3435 126 3.4194 153 .1247 110 .1490 121 .3622 133 3.2439 145 .1460 129 .2006 163 .3900 144 3.4884 156t .1323 117 .2239 181 .4099 151 3.6285 Ifh .1563 138 .2063 167 .4562 168 3.7597 168 .1512 134 .2244 182 .3848 142 3.9066 ' .2269 201 .2725 221 .5558 205 4.7409 21 .2009 178 .3216 261 .5796 213 4.9126 22* .1130 100 .1234 100 .2717 100 2.2361 100 aYears prior to 1981-82 are taken from Hooks (21. include power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royalties, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses. c1980-81 brix is 43.4* prior years are 45* brix. d1981-82 and subsequent seasons brix is 42. eThe index for each item was computed as a.percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table). Season 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81c 1981-82d Basee -- Table 11.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1981-82 seasons Season Orange Grapefruit Blended juice juice juice - Dollars per case - -- 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1.57 1.79 1.78 1.66 1.75 1.72 1.91 1.90 2.02 2.02 2.05 2.14 2.43 2.91 2.89 2.92 3.19 3.51 3.99 4.76 4.88 1.54 1.72 1.72 1.62 1.70 1.68 1.88 1.86 1.98 2.06 2.06 2.16 2.52 2.87 2.82 2.92 3.15 3.49 3.99 4.75 4.89 1.55 1.74 1.75 1.64 1.74 1.70 1.91 1.91 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.15 2.50 2.93 2.89 2.87 3.16 3.45 3.93 4.88 aData for years prior to 1981-82 are taken from Hooks [2]. REFERENCES [1] Florida Citrus Processors Association. Statistical Summary, 1981- 82 Season. Winter Haven: 1983. [2] Hooks, R. Clegg and Richard L. Kilmer. Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1979-80 Season. Food and Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report 200. Gainesville: June 1984. |