![]() ![]() |
![]() |
|
UFDC Home |
myUFDC Home | Help | ![]() |
Front Cover | |
Abstract | |
Acknowledgement | |
Table of Contents | |
Main | |
Reference |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Citation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table of Contents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Front Cover
Front Cover Abstract Page i Acknowledgement Page i Table of Contents Page ii Page iii Main Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Reference Page 17 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
R. Clegg Hooks Economic Information Report 200 Estimated Costs of Processing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1980-81 Season Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 June 1984 ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1980-81 season are estimated to have increased from 1979-80 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate 43.40 brix increased to $4.74-a 26.7 percent increase from 1979-80 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $4.76--a 19.2 percent increase from 1979-80 levels. Key words: citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, processing costs, citrus. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the participant processors for their excellent cooperation, and to Mrs. Theresa Zerr for her cleri- cal and secretarial assistance. ABSTRACT The costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus products for the 1980-81 season are estimated to have increased from 1979-80 levels. The estimated total costs of producing 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate 43.40 brix increased to $4.74-a 26.7 percent increase from 1979-80 levels while the costs of producing single strength orange juice in 12 46-ounce cans are estimated to have increased to $4.76--a 19.2 percent increase from 1979-80 levels. Key words: citrus marketing, citrus processing, marketing margins, processing costs, citrus. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the participant processors for their excellent cooperation, and to Mrs. Theresa Zerr for her cleri- cal and secretarial assistance. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................. ii LIST OF TABLES ..........*......... ... ..... ............ .......... ii INTRODUCTION ......... ............................................ 1 FROZEN CONCENTRATE......... .....** ...........................*.. 3 SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES........................................... 3 CITRUS FEED...................................................... 12 COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS........................................... 12 REFERENCE. ............................... ..................... 17 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms rela- tive to the total volume produced in Florida, 1980-81 season...................................................... 2 2 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 43.4" brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1980-81 season with comparisons to 1979-80 season levels............................................... 4. 3 Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate in cases, 43.4 brix, 1980-81 season...................................................... 5 4 Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida concentrate in cases, 1980-81 season................ 6 5 Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 43.4 brix, 1980-81 season............................................. 7 6 Estimated costs ner gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 580 brix, 1980-81 3eason... **......*........***......*... ..................... 8 7 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1980-81 season with comparisons to 1980 levels........ 9 ii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Table Page 8 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1980-81 season................. 10 9 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1980-81 season................... 11 10 Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus feed, in bulk, 1980-81 season with com- parisons to 1979-80 season.......................... ........ 13 11 Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 450 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1980-81 season.............................................. 14 12 The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1980-81 seasons......... 15 13 Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and sell- ing canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46- ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1980-81 seasons............... 16 iii ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROCESSING, WAREHOUSING AND SELLING FLORIDA CITRUS PRODUCTS, 1980-81 SEASON R. Clegg Hooks INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to develop estimates of processing costs for Florida citrus products for the 1980-81 season. Citrus pro- cessing cost data were obtained from 9 firms. The total volume for each type of product and the percentage of total Florida production processed by firms in the sample are shown in Table 1. The chilled juices again were not reported because of lack of participation by enough firms who produce chilled juice. Most firms provided average total costs per case or per gallon from their audited financial statements. The following tables present esti- mates of the average costs for plant operation. warehousing and selling the finished products. Fruit costs are not included. The numbers shown in the following tables are weighted averages where the weights are the volumes packed of each product by each firm during the 1980-81 produc- tion year. Weighted averages tend to place the numbers reported in the tables closer to the costs for those firms with the larger volume of each of the products. The firms were not selected according to a sample design. Some of the year-to-year cost variation can be attributed to firms entering and leaving the sample and the distribution of the total volume of each product among sample firms. R. CLEGG HOOKS is an assistant in Agricultural Economics. Table 1.-Volume of citrus products produced by sample firms relative to the total volume produced in Florida, 1980-81 season. Percentage Sample Total Total of total firms Product produced produced Florida producing by sample in production each firms Floridaa sample firms product Units Percent Number Orange concentrate 57,813,138 174,537,195 33 9 (gallons 43.40 brix) Grapefruit concentrate 2,080,568 20,763,128 10 6 (gallons 420 brix) Canned single strength 4,139,068 13,012,221 32 5 orange juice casess 24/#2 equivalent) Canned single strength 4,922,534 14,231,147 36 5 grapefruit juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) Canned blended single 370,666 984,068 38 4 strength juice (cases 24/#2 equivalent) aReported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association [1]. Detailed costs were aggregated into several major cost categories for each product and can size to give a total cost unsweetened. Selling costs include brokerage as well as the firms' sales depart- ment expense. Discount allowances and brand royalties have been omit- ted. FROZEN CONCENTRATE The estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling orange, grapefruit and blended frozen concentrate in various retail and bulk forms are shown in Tables 2,3,4,5, and 6. Estimated average costs for packing 48 six-ounce cans of orange concentrate in cases are shown in Table 2 along with item-by-item com- parisons to 1979-80 estimates. Total costs were estimated at $4.74 per case a 26.7 percent increase above 1979-80 estimates. The items with the largest increase were: processing labor, power, lights and water, administrative, and other expense. Table 3,4,5, and 6 show costs of packing other retail and in insti- tutional packages as well as bulk concentrate in drums and tank farm. The changes in costs for the other retail packs are similar to those shown for the 48 six-ounce cans in cases. The total estimated costs for 24 12-ounce, 24 16-ounce and 12 32-ounce cans in cases increased 29.1, 31.6 and 28.6 percent above 1979-80. Bulk 43.40 brix orange concentrate costs shown in Table 5 were up 35.9 percent from 1979-80 estimates while the cost for equivalent gal- lons for all packs (excluding materials is estimated to have increased 40.1 percent. The cost of processing 580 brix bulk orange and grapefruit concen- trate are shown in Table 6. SINGLE STRENGTH JUICES Estimated average single strength processing, warehousing and selling costs are shown in Table 7, 8, and 9. Table 2.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida orange concentrate, 43.40 brix, 48 6-ounce cans in cases, 1980-81 season with comparisons to 1979-80 season levels. Frozen orange concentrate 48 6-oz. Estimated cost Change 1980-81 1979-808 in cost Number of firms 8 9 Number of cases per firm 326,258 455,227 ---Cost per case--- Percent Materials Cans $1.7245 $1.5374 +12.2 Cartons 0.1377 0.1222 +12.7 Labels 0.0096 0.0085 +12.9 Total 1 1.6681 T7728 Processing labor Direct 0.3361 0.2638 +27.4 Indirect 0.1769 0.1270 +39.3 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0905 0.0668 +35.5 Total 0.4576 +-+= Other Power, lights, water 0.2645 0.1809 +46.2 Maintenance & repairs 0.1935 0.1630 +18.7 Depreciation & rent 0.1617 0.1079 +49.9 Royalties on machinery 0.0929 0.0735 +26.4 Taxes & insurance 0.0469 0.0311 +50.8 Miscellaneous 0.1511 0.1095 +38.0 Total other processing OU.Y9U U.b659 +~3. Total processing expenses 3.3859 2.7918 +21.3 Warehousing expenses Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes 0.0955 0.0775 +23.2 Other warehousing expenses 0.2043 0.1437 +42.2 Total warehousing expense .2998 U.221 +35. Administrative expense 0.2269 0.1448 +56.7 Selling expenses Brokerage 0.1639 0.0775 +23.2 Other selling expense 0.1086 0.1437 +42.2 Total 2725 0.2149 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.2342 0.2144 +9.2 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.3216 0.1541 +108.7 Total other expense .5558 +50.8 Total cost unsweetened 4.7409 3.7412 +26.7 aFrom Hooks [2]. bin this and the following tables administrative expense include management and office salaries, office expense, telephone and telegraph, and travel. CIn this and the following tables selling expense excludes allowances, discounts and brand royalties. Table 3.--Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida Y'rozen concentrate in cases, 43.40 brix, 1980-81 season. Item Orange Concentrate Container per case/container size 24/12 12/32 Number of firms 8 8 Average number of cases per firm 887,410 178,594 ----Cost per case---- Materials Cans $1.2169 $1.1168 Cartons 0.1361 0.1734 Labels 0.0000 0.0000 Other 0.0102 0.0143 Total materials $1.3632 $1.3045 Processing labor Direct $0.3437 $0.4510 Indirect 0.1758 0.2385 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0902 0.1219 Total processing labor $0.6097 $0.8114 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.2661 $0.3549 Maintenance & repairs 0.2083 0.2784 Depreciation & rent 0.1414 0.2223 Royalties on machinery 0.0970 0.1267 Taxes & insurance 0.0389 0.0586 Miscellaneous 0.1609 0.2305 Total other processing $0.9126 $1.2714 Total processing expense $2.8855 $3.3873 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0864 $0.1183 Other warehouse expense 0.1852 0.2499 Total 0.2716 0.3682 Administrative $0.2414 $0.3244 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1580 $0.2152 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1086 0.1479 Total $0.2666 $0.3631 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. 0.2300 0.2973 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.2792 0.4467 Total other expense 0.5092 0.7440 Total cost unsweetened $4.1743 $5.1870 Table 4.--Estimated cost of processing, warehousing and selling Florida concentrate in cases, 1980-81 season. Concentrate Item Orange Grapefruit 43.40 brix 420 brix Containers per case/container size 24/16 24/6 Number of firms 8 5 Average number of cases per firm 334,707 22,211 -----Cost per case---- Materials Cans $1.4968 $0.8421 Cartons 0.1651 0.1216 Labels 0.0000 0.0000 Other 0.0168 0.0086 Total materials $1.6787 $0.9723 Processing labor Direct $0.4556 $0.1622 Indirect 0.2406 0.0858 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.1230 0.0460 Total processing labor $0.8192 $0.2940 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.3586 $0.1392 Maintenance & repairs 0.2594 0.0857 Depreciation & rent 0.2042 0.0916 Royalties on machinery 0.1253 0.0488 Taxes & insurance 0.0522 0.0222 Miscellaneous 0.2065 0.0881 Total other processing 1.2062 0.4756 Total processing expense $3.7041 $1.7419 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.1095 $0.0544 Other warehouse expense 0.2378 0.1027 Total warehouse expense $0.3473 $0.1571 Administrative expense $0.2946 $0.1040 Selling expense Brokerage $0.2114 $0.0780 Other selling expense 0.1492 0.0694 Total selling expense $0.3606 $0.1474 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.2854 $0.1407 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.4186 0.2017 Total other expense $0.7040 $0.3424 Total cost unsweetened $2.4928 $5.4106 Table 5.-Estimated cost per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen orange concentrate, 43.4- brix, 1980-81 season. Concentrate Gallons, 43.40 Equivalent gallon Item in drums 43.40 all packs Number of firms 6 8 Average number of gallons per firm 2,621,545 6,423,682 --------Cost per gallon--------- Materials Drums and liners (total) $0.0113 $0.0000 Processing labor Direct $0.1390 $0.1496 Indirect 0.0799 0.0000 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0406 0.0407 Total processing labor $0.2595 $0.2706 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1109 $0.1178 Maintenance & repairs 0.0747 $0.0867 Depreciation & rent 0.0733 0.0668 Royalties on machinery 0.0393 0.0419 Taxes & insurance 0.0158 0.0174 Miscellaneous 0.0594 0.0684 Total other processing $0.3734 $0.3990 Total processing expense $0.6442 $0.6696 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0331 $0.0366 Other warehouse expense 0.0776 0.0792 Total warehouse expense $0.1107 $0.1158 Administrative expense $0.0897 $0.1011 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0200 $0.0564 Other selling expense 0.0401 0.0470 Total selling expense $0.0601 $0.1034 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1007 $0.0994 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.1681 0.1394 Total other expense $0.2688 $0.2388 Total cost unsweetened $1. 1735 $1. 2287 Total cost unsweetened $1.1735 $1.2287 Table 6.--Estimated costs per gallon for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen concentrate, 580 brix, 1980-81 season. Concentrate Gallon, 58 Gallon, 58 Item in drums in drums Number of firms 4 4 Average number of gallons per firm 2,384,658 140,607 ----Cost per gallon----- Materials Drums and liners (total) $0.1011 $0.3914 Processing labor Direct $0.1215 $0.1367 Indirect 0.0190 0.1017 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0142 0.0419 Total processing labor $0.1547 $0.2803 Other processing expense Power, lights, water $0.1738 $0.1163 Maintenance & repairs $0.0788 0.0641 Depreciation & rent $0.0889 $0.0442 Royalties on machinery 0.0500 0.0349 Taxes & insurance 0.0216 0.0147 Miscellaneous 0.0445 0.0366 Total other processing $0.4576 $0.3108 Total processing expense $0.7134 $0.9825 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & taxes $0.0026 $0.0218 Other warehouse expense 0.0487 0.0461 Total warehouse expense $0.0513 $0.0679 Administrative expense $0.1659 $0.0662 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0843 $0.0383 Other selling expense 0.0134 0.0454 Total selling expense $0.0977 $0.0837 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1713 $0.0468 Other (int., misc. deductions) 0.0600 0.2113 Total other expense $0.2313 $0.2581 Total cost unsweetened $1. 2596 $1. 4584 $1.2596 $1.4584 Total cost unsweetened Table 7.-Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling 12 46-ounce cans of single strength Florida orange juice in cases, 1980-81 season with comparisons to 1980 levels. Orange juice 12 46-oz. cans (excluding sugar) Change Cost group 1980-81 1979-80 in cost Number of firms 5 5 Average number of cases per firm 403,550 577,818 Cost per case Percent Material Cans $2.4426 $2.2580 +8.2 Cartons 0.2114 0.1853 +14.1 Labels and other 0.1353 0.1336 +1.3 Total materials $2.7893 $2.5769 +8.2 Processing labor Direct $0.2067 $0.1763 +17.2 Indirect 0.1313 $0.0813 +61.5 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0487 0.0435 +12.0 Total processing labor $~.3867 $0.3011 +28.4 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $0.1277 $0.0985 +29.6 Maintenance & repairs 0.1765 0.1370 +28.8 Depreciation & rent 0.0920 0.0624 +47.4 Royalties on machinery 0.0467 0.0369 +26.6 Taxes & insurance 0.0500 0.0194 +157.7 Miscellaneous 0.0908 0.0689 +31.8 Total other processing $0.5837 $0.231 +38.0 Total processing expense $3.7597 $3.3011 +13.9 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1427 $0.1154 +23.7 Other warehouse expense 0.1423 0.1068 +33.2 Total warehouse expense $0.2850 $0.2222 +54.5 Administrative expense $0.1652 $0.1069 +13.9 Selling expense Brokerage $0.1357 $0.0894 +51.8 Other selling expense 0.1160 0.0669 +73.4 Total selling expense $0.2517 $0.1563 +61.0 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1396 $0.1135 +23.0 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1561 0.0904 +72.7 Total other expense $0.2957 $0.2039 +45.0 Total cost unsweetened $4.7573 $3.9904 +19 2 $4.7573 $3.9904 +19.2 Total cost unsweetened Table 8.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus fruit juices, 1980-81 season. Orange Blended juice juice Containers per case/container size 48/6 oz. 12/46 oz. Number of firms 4 3 Average number of cases per firm 245,632 72,509 ----Cost per case--- Material Cans $2.9023 $2.3946 Cartons 0.1402 0.2113 Labels 0.0000 0.0350 Other 0.0143 0.0982 Total materials $3.0568 $2.7391 Processing labor Direct $0.1548 $0.2361 Indirect 0.0793 0.1465 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0457 0.0748 Total processing labor $0.2798 $0.4574 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $0.0733 $0.1358 Maintenance & repairs 0.0864 0.1670 Depreciation & rent 0.0604 0.1513 Royalties on machinery 0.0232 0.0387 Taxes & insurance 0.0181 0.0926 Miscellaneous 0.0459 0.0777 Total other processing $0.3073 $0.6631 Total processing expense $3.6439 $3.8596 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.1047 $0.0872 Other warehouse expense 0.1113 0.1192 Total warehouse expense $0.2160 $0.2064 Administrative expense $0.0913 $0.0876 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0863 $0.1364 Other selling expense 0.0733 0.1254 Total selling expense $0.1596 $0.2618 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1447 $0.1891 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1060 0.2712 Total other expense $0.2507 $0.4603 Total cost unsweetened $4.3615 $4.8757 aBlended juice: a blend of orange and grapefruit juices. Table 9.--Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida grapefruit juices, 1980-81 season. Item Grapefruit juices Containers per case/container size 48/6 oz. 12/46 oz. Number of firms 5 5 Average number of cases per firm 230,774 557,548 ---Cost per case----- Material Cans $2.9187 $2.4325 Cartons 0.1423 0.2125 Labels 0.0000 0.0771 Other 0.0108 0.0560 Total materials $3.0718 $2.7781 Processing labor Direct $0.1495 $0.2042 Indirect 0.0871 0.1241 Payroll taxes & ins. 0.0438 0.0604 Total processing labor $0.2804 $0.3887 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $0.0687 $0.1238 Maintenance & repairs 0.0893 0.1772 Depreciation & rent 0.0607 0.0982 Royalties on machinery 0.0212 0.0387 Taxes & insurance 0.0170 0.0578 Miscellaneous 0.0473 0.0927 Total other processing $0.3042 $0.5884 Total processing expense $3.6564 $3.7552 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $0.0987 $0.1347 Other warehouse expense 0.1117 0.1399 Total warehouse expense $0.2104 $0.2746 Administrative expense $0.1014 $0.1651 Selling expense Brokerage $0.0842 $0.1309 Other selling expense 0.0692 0.1088 Total selling expense $0.1534 $0.2397 Other expense Advertising tax & insp. $0.1480 $0.1568 Other (int., misc. deduct.) 0.1030 0.1623 Total other expense $0.2510 $0.3191 Tota cot unweeened$4.3726 $4.753 Total cost unsweetened $4.3726 $4.7537 Table 7 shows estimated single strength processing costs for 12 46- ounce cans in cases for 1980-81 with comparisons to 1979-80 estimates. The 1980-81 cost is $4.76 per case, a 19.2 percent increase in total costs over 1979-80 estimates. CITRUS FEED The estimated costs of processing citrus feed in bulk are shown in Table 10. Citrus feed processing costs per ton for 1980-81 are estimated to be $54.48 an 13.4 percent increase over the 1979-80 season. COSTS AND PRICE TRENDS Costs for processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce cans of concentrate in cases remained relatively stable through the 1971-72 season (Table 11). From 1971-72 through 1974-75, costs increased by $1.03 (46 points) while average retail price increased $.25 (3 points). From 1974-75 through 1979-80 costs increased 49 cents (21 points) while the average retail price has increased $8.38 (103 points). Now in one season, 1980-81, costs have increased $.83 (38 points) while average retail price has increased $1.95 (24 points), due mainly to the lower volume packed, brought on by the freeze. Changes in the cost categories that make-up the total cost for 48 6-ounce cans of orange concentrate in Table 12, show increases in all categories. Table 13 shows how costs of producing canned products have changed since the 1961-62 season. Table 10.-Estimated costs of processing, warehousing and selling Florida citrus Feeda, in bulk, 1980-81 season with comparisons to 1979-80 season. Season Change 1980-81 1979-80 in cost Number of firms 6 8 Average number of tons produced per firm 33,462 35,042 Cost per ton Percent Materials totalc $1.70 $1.71 -0.6 Processing labor Direct $5.28 $4.98 +6.0 Indirect 1.95 1.66 +17.5 Payroll taxes & ins. 1.38 1.21 +14.0 Total processing labor $8.61 $7.85 +9.7 Other processing expenses Power, lights, water $24.61 $21.82 +12.8 Maintenance & repairs 6.26 5.69 +10.0 Depreciation & rent 4.99 4.00 +24.8 Taxes & insurance 0.90 0.86 +4.7 Miscellaneous 1.76 1.49 +18.1 Total other processing $38.52 $33.86 +13.8 Total processing expense $48.83 $43.42 +12.5 Warehouse expense Whse. & shipping, labor & tax $1.05 $0.89 +18.0 Other warehouse expense 1.04 0.90 +15.6 Total warehouse expense $2.09 $1.79 +16.8 Administrative expense $0.90 $0.95 -5.3 Selling expense Brokerage $0.33 $0.24 +37.5 Other selling expense 0.48 0.46 +4.3 Total selling expense $0.81 $0.70 +15.7 Other expense total $1.85 $1.18 +56.8 Total cost $54.48 $48.04 +13.4 aCitrus feed-A by-product of processing fresh citrus into juice, concentrate or canned fruit. It consists of dried citrus pulp with lime added. The major use for this by-product is cattle feed. bReported by Hooks [2]. cDoes not include bag costs. Table II.--Total cost for processing, warehousing and selling Florida frozen, 450 brix, orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1980-81 season. Average retail price Cost per case per 48/6 oz. cans Season 48/6 oz. cansa in casesb Actual Indexc Actual Indexc 1965-66 $2.38 106 $ 8.80 108 1966-67 2.07 93 7.00 86 1967-68 2.26 101 8.60 106 1968-69 2.24 100 9.76 120 1969-70 2.38 106 8.68 107 1970-71 2.43 109 8.88 109 1971-72 2.39 107 9.84 121 1972-73 2.61 117 9.56 118 1973-74 3.02 135 9.55 117 1974-75 3.42 153 10.09 124 1975-76 3.24 145 10.66 131 1976-77 3.49 156 12.80 157 1977-78 3.63 162 13.16 162 1978-79 3.76 168 17.57 216 1979-80 3.91 174 18.47 227 1980-81d 4.74 212 20.42 251 years prior to 1980-81 are from Hooks [2]. bReported by NPD Research, Inc. CThe index was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average. d1980-81 is reported for 43.40 brix. Table 12.--The relative changes in the component costs that make up the total cost of processing, warehousing and selling 48 6-ounce orange concentrate, 1965-66 through 1980-81 season. Season Materials Labor Other processing Warehousing Administrative Selling Other Total $/case Percent 1965-66 .9982 99 1966-67 1.0208 101 1967-68 1.0128 100 1968-69 1.0279 102 1969-70 1.0271 102 1970-71 1.0627 105 1971-72 1.0771 107 1972-73 1.1815 117 1973-74 1.3285 131 1974-75 1.6534 164 1975-76 1.5213 151 1976-77 1.4557 144 1977-78 1.5049 149 1978-79 1.6011 158 1979-80 1.7419 172 1980-81c 1.8718 185 Based 1.0106 100 $/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent S/case Percent .2656 106 .3872 112 .1234 100 .1444 128 .1519 123 .3163 116 2.3870 107 .2117 85 .2759 80 .1053 86 .0766 68 .0935 76 .2825 104 2.0663 92 .2729 109 .3705 108 .1395 114 .1180 104 .1249 101 .2164 80 2.2550 101 .2776 111 .3380 98 .1112 91 .1203 106 .1169 95 .2481 91 2.2400 100 .2943 118 .3355 97 .1278 104 .1211 107 .1223 99 .3556 131 2.3837 107 .2881 115 .3789 109 .1354 110 .1390 123 .1514 127 .2-37 101 2.4272 109 .2666 108 .3728 108 .1147 93 .1623 143 .1270 103 .2j46 97 2.3851 107 .2978 119 .4170 121 .1358 111 .1761 156 .1389 113 .2639 97 2.6110 117 .3865 155 .4864 141 .1930 157 .1521 135 .1279 104 .3483 122 ,.0227 135 .3654 146 .5130 149 .2240 182 .1636 145 .1566 127 .3435 126 3.4194 153 .3394 136 .5468 159 .2005 163 .1247 110 .1490 121 .3622 133 3.2439 145 .4463 178 .6302 183 .2196 179 .1460 129 .2006 163 .3900 144 3.4884 156 .4517 181 .6854 199 .2204 179 .1323 117 .2239 181 .4099 151 3.6285 162 .4515 181 .6615 192 .2268 185 .1563 138 .2063 167 .4562 168 3.7597 168 .4779 191 .6954 202 .2310 188 .1512 134 .2244 182 .3848 142 3.9066 175 .6035 241 .9106 264 .2998 244 .2269 201 .2725 221 .5558 205 4.7409 212 .2501 100 .3445 100 .1228 100 .1130 100 .1234 100 .2717 100 2.2361 100 years prior to 1977-78 are taken from Hooks (2]. bInclude power, water, lights, steam, maintenance, repairs, royltles, taxes, insurance, rent and miscellaneous expenses. c1980-81 brix is 43.4* prior years are 45. brix. dThe index for each item was computed as a percentage of the 1965-68 average cost (shown in the last row of the table). Table 13.--Estimated average costs of processing, warehousing and selling canned Florida citrus juices, excluding sugar in 12 46-ounce cases, 1961-62 through 1980-81 seasons. n Orange Grapefruit Blended Season juice juice juice ------------ Dollars per case-------------- 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1.57 1.79 1.78 1.66 1.75 1.72 1.91 1.90 2.02 2.02 2.05 2.14 2.43 2.91 2.89 2.92 3.19 3.51 3.99 4.76 1.54 1.72 1.72 1.62 1.70 1.68 1.88 1.86 1.98 2.06 2.06 2.16 2.52 2.87 2.82 2.92 3.15 3.49 3.99 4.75 1.55 1.74 1.75 1.64 1.74 1.70 1.91 1.91 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.15 2.50 2.93 2.89 2.87 3.16 3.45 3.93 4.88 aData for years prior to 1977-78 are taken from Hooks [2]. REFERENCES [1] Florida Citrus Processors Association. Statistical Summary, 1980- 81 Season. Winter Haven: 1982. [2] Hooks, R. Clegg and Richard L. Kilmer. Estimated Costs of Process- ing, Warehousing and Selling Florida Citrus Products, 1979-80 Season. Food and Resource Economics Department. Economic Information Report 144. Gainesville: May 1981. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1023.25 or $0.85 per copy to report citrus processing research results to county agricultural directors and firms and agencies in the citrus industry. |